A The force F is the same as the weight of the load B The force F is greater than the weight of the load C The pressure on piston P is the same as the pressure on piston Q D The pressure on piston P is smaller than the pressure on piston Q
2 A force of 20N is applied to the input piston in a hydraulic jack. If the input piston area and output piston area are 0.02 m 2 and 0.1 m 2
respectively, what is the output force?
A 20 N B 50 N C 100 N D 200 N E 400 N
3 The figure shows a hydraulic system.
If the area of input piston and output piston are 0.03 m 2 and 0.90 m 2 respectively, what is the mass of object P.
A 3.2 x 10 2 kg B 2.4x 10 2 kg C 2.0 x 10 2 kg D 1.8x 10 2 kg E 1.2x 10 2 kg
4 A hydraulic press has an input cylinder 8 cm in diameter and output cylinder 24 cm in diameter. If the input piston is moved through 10 cm , how far is the output piston moved?
A 0.11 cm B 0.30 cm C 10.0 cm D 30.0 cm E 90.0 cm
5 The figure shows a brake system of a car.
Which principle is used in this system?
A Pascals principle B Bernoullis principle C Archimedes principle D Principle of conservation of momentum
6 Which of the application is an application of Pascals principle?
A Lift pump B Filter pump C Hydraulic pump
7 The figure shows a basic hydraulic system has a small and large pistons with cross sectional- areas 0.0005 m 2 and 0.0015 m 2 respectively. When a force of 20 N is appilied to the small piston,it pushes down by 0.6 m. TUTORIAL C3 23
Determine (a) the pressure is applied on the small piston
(b) the pressure is transmitted to the large piston
(c) the magnitude of the force ,F.
(d) the volume of oil tramitted .
(e) the distance moved by the large piston.
8 The figure shows the arrangement of the hydraulic brake system of a car.The cross- sectional area of the the main brake cylinder, the front brake cylinder and the rear brake cylinder are 5 x 10 - 4 m 2 , 6.0 x 10 - 4 m 2 and 5.5 x 10 - 4 m 2 repectively.
(a) The brake pedal is pressed with a constant force 15N. (i) On the figure above indicate the direction of motions of the front brake cylinder and the rear brake cylinder. (ii) State the relationship between the liquid pressure in the front brake cylinder and the rear brake cylinder.
. (iii) Calculate the pressure is exerted on each rear brake system.
(b) Explain why the front brake piston is applied a larger force than the rear brake piston.
(c) Why is the brake system in the car is less effective air bubbles are present in the brake fluid. Give reasons for your answer.
(d) Why is the cross-sectional area of the rear brake cylinder of the right wheel is the same as the cross-sectional area of the rear brake cylinder of the left wheel?
24 18 Figure (a) shows a wooden block with load, fully immersed in water. When the load is removed, the wooden block floats as shown in Figure (b).
Figure (c) shows a submarine, immersed in water with the ballast tanks filled with water. When the ballast tanks are emptied, the submarine floats as shown in Figure (4).
(a) (i) Based on Figure (a), Figure (b), Figure and Figure (d), state one observation common to both the wooden block and the submarine.
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(ii) List the forces which act on the wooden block and the submarine in Figure (b) and Figure (d).
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(iii) State the relationship between the forces listed in (a)(ii).
(iv) Give one reason for your answer.
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(b) Name the principle involved in the observations in Figure(a), Figure (b), Figure (c) and Figure(d).
..... (c) (i) What happens to the block in Figure (b) when a salt solution is added to the water?
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. (ii) Give one reason for your answer.
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19 A wooden block has a volume 2 x 10 -3 m 3 and a density of 900 kgm - 3 . Determine (a) The mass of the wooden block
(b) The weight of the wooden block
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The wooden block is immersed partially as shown in Figure (a) and it floats in a stationary position.
Figure(a)
What is
(c) The buoyant force of the block ?
(d) The volume of the water displaced by the block. [ Density of water = 1000 kg m -3 ]
The wooden block is later pushed by a force until the upper surface of the wooden level is same as the water surface level as shown in Figure(b) .
What is (e) The volume of the water displaced by the block at the new position?
(f) The new buoyant force of the block ?
(g) The acceleration of the wooden block if the force is removed?
20 A large balloon is made by nylon bag is filled with 8 m 3 helium gas.
(a) If the density of helium gas is 0.18 kg m -3 , determine (i) the mass of the helium gas in the balloon.
(ii) the weight of the helium gas in the balloon.
(b) The figure shows the ballon later is tied by a nylon string and a load of mass 3.65 kg hung at the other end of the string.The balloon floats in a fix height. [ The density of air =1.25 kg m -3 ]
(i) What is he resultant force acting on the balloon?
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(ii) Calculate the buoyant force acting on the balloon.
(ii) Determine the mass of the nylon bag.
(c) When the string attached to the load snaps, (i) What is the acceleration of the balloon.
(ii) What will happen to the motion of balloon when the height of the balloon increases?
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21 (a) A fisherman finds that his boat is at different levels in the sea and in the river, although the boat carries the same load. The density of sea water 1 025 kg m -3 and of river water is 1 000 kg m -3 . Figure(a) and Figure(b) illustrate the situation of the boat in the sea and in the river
(i) What is meant by density? (ii) Using Figure(a) and Figure(b) , compare the levels of the boat and the volumes of water displaced by the boat. Relating the mass of the boat with its load, the volume of water displaced and the density of the water , deduce a relevant physics concept. (iii) Name the physics principle that explains the above situations. (b) A submarine can sail on the sea surface and under the sea. Explain how a submarine on the surface submerges. (c) Figure(c) and Figure (d) illustrate the working principle of a hydrometer. The depth to which the test tube sinks depends on its surrounding liquid.
Figure(c) Figure(d)
Explain how you would design a hydrometer that can determine a wide range of densities of liquid, using the idea of thhe working principle of a hydrometer shown above. Draw a diagram that shows the design of your hydrometer and in your explanation, emphasise the following aspects:
(i) the stability of the hydrometer (ii) the sensitivity of the hydrometer (iii) the ability to measure a wide range of densities of liquids (iv) the calibration of the hydrometer