GIÁO ÁN HÓA HỌC LỚP 10 CƠ BẢN

GIO N HA HC LP 10 C BN
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Tit 1: N TP U NM
I. MC TIU BI HC
1. V kin thc
- Gip hc sinh cng c li kin thc hc THCS, c th l:
+ Nhng khi nim ho hc m u
+ nh lut bo ton khi lng
2. V k nng
H thng ho v nu mi quan h gia nhng kin thc . Rn luyn k nng vn dng
kin thc hc.
3. Trng tm
Mt s khi nim, nh ngha v cc biu thc ton hc.
II. CHUN B
- Sch gio khoa ho hc lp 8, 9.
- Bi tp p dng cho hc sinh.
III. PHNG PHP DY HC
m thoi, tng hp, khi qut ho
IV. T CHC HOT NG DY HC
1. n nh lp - Kim tra s s
2. Tin trnh dy hc
Hot ng ca gio vin v hc sinh
Ni dung bi hc
Hot ng 1. Nguyn t, nguyn t ha hc
GV: Hy cho bit khi nim nguyn t? Vit s 1. Nguyn t.
minh ha thnh phn cu to ca mt nguyn - L ht v cng nh, trung ha v in, c cu
t?
to t 3 ht : e, p, n
HS: l ht v cng nh, i din cho cht.
s p = s e
GV: nhn xt v b sung
- Nguyn t khi l khi lng ca 1 nguyn t
- Nguyn t gm ht nhn mang in tch dng tnh theo vC. (1vC=1,66.10-24g)
v v to bi mt hay nhiu electron mang in VD: KLNT ca H = 1 vC, ca O = 16 vC.
tch m.
- Khi lng ca nguyn t c coi l khi
lng ca ht nhn.
GV: Hy cho bit khi nim nguyn t ho hc? 2. Nguyn t ho hc.
Cho VD?
a. Khi nim: Nguyn t ho hc l tp hp cc
HS tr li, GV b sung v a ra VD c th
nguyn t c cng s ht proton trong ht nhn.
b. K hiu nguyn t ho hc: Mi nguyn t c
biu din bng 1 hoc 2 ch ci.
VD: Nguyn t hidro: H, nguyn t oxi: O
- 2 nguyn t hidro: 2H
1
Ngi son: Vn Th Kim Hoan
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Hot ng 2: Ha tr
GV: Ha tr l g? Ha tr ca mt nguyn t
c xc nh nh th no?
HS tr li, GV nhn xt b sung
- Ha tr ca mt nguyn t c xc nh theo
ha tr ca H chn lm n v v ha tr ca O l
hai n v.
- Trong cng thc ha hc, tch ca ch s v ha
tr ca nguyn t ny bng tch ca ch s v ha
tr ca nguyn t kia.
GV:
- Tnh ha tr ca Fe trong FeCl3, FeSO4?
III
II
FeCl3
FeSO4
- Lp cng thc ha hc ca hp cht to bi S
(IV) vi O
HS tr li, GV nhn xt.
+ Ta c cng thc tng qut: SxOy
+
3. Ha tr ca mt nguyn t
- Ha tr l con s biu th kh nng lin kt ca
nguyn t nguyn t ny vi nguyn t ca
nguyn t khc.
a b
AxBy ax = by
x
b
II
I

y a
IV
II
+ Vy CTHH l SO2
Hot ng 3. nh lut bo ton khi lng 4. nh lut bo ton khi lng
GV cho p: CaCO3 CaO + CO2
mA + mB = mC + mD
Y/c HS tnh khi lng ca cht tham gia v sn
phm.
GV: y/c HS nhc li nh lut bo ton khi
lng
- Trong mt phn ng ha hc, tng khi lng
ca cc cht sn phm bng tng khi lng ca
cc cht tham gia phn ng.
*GV nhn mnh: trong mt phn ng ha hc,
nu c n cht p v sn phm m bit c
khi lng ca (n-1) cht, ta tnh c khi
lng ca cht cn li.
Hot ng 4. Mol
5. Mol
GV: Mol l g? Khi lng mol l g? Th tch *Mt s cng thc lin h
mol l g?
2
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------m
m
HS tr li, GV nhn xt v b sung
m = n.M n
M
23
M
n
- Mol (n) l lng cht cha 6.10 nguyn t hay
phn t ca cht .
- Khi lng mol (M) ca mt cht l khi lng
V
n
tnh bng gam ca 6.1023 nguyn t hoc phn t V = n.22,4
22,4
ca cht .
(p dng cho cht kh ktc)
- Th tch mol ca cht kh l th tch chim bi
6.1023 phn t ca cht kh . iu kin tiu
chun, th tch mol ca cht kh l 22,4 lt.
Hot ng 5. T khi ca cht kh
6. T khi ca cht kh
GV: T khi ca kh A i vi kh B cho bit iu
M
MA
g? Vit cng thc tnh t khi ca kh A i vi
d A / kk
d A / AB A
29
MB
kh B.
HS tr li v nhn xt.
- T khi ca kh A i vi kh B cho bit kh A
nng hay nh hn kh B bao nhiu ln.
- Cng thc tnh t khi ca kh A i vi kh B
v khng kh
d A/ B
MA
MB
d A / kk
MA
29
* Trong , MA, MB l khi lng mol ca kh A

v B.
GV a bi tp cng c
1. T khi ca kh A so vi O 2 l 2. Tnh khi
lng mol ca kh A?
2. Kh oxi so vi khng kh v cc kh: nit,
amoniac, cacbonic th kh oxi nng hn hay nh
hn bao nhiu ln
Hot ng 6. Cng c
GV ra cc bi tp1,2,3,...7 trong sch GV
3. Dn d
HS v nh n li cc kin thc hc THCS.
3
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Tit 2: N TP U NM (Tip theo)

I. MC TIU BI HC
1. V kin thc
- Gip hc sinh cng c li kin thc hc THCS, c th l:
+ Dung dch
+ S phn loi cc hp cht v c
+ Bng tun hon cc nguyn t ha hc
2. V k nng
H thng ho v nu mi quan h gia nhng kin thc . Rn luyn k nng vn dng
kin thc hc, lm nn tng cho vic hc ha hc tip theo.
3. Trng tm
- Cc khi nim, cng thc lin quan n dung dch
- Phn loi cc hp cht hu c theo tnh cht ha hc
II. CHUN B
- Sch gio khoa ho hc lp 8, 9.
- Bi tp p dng cho hc sinh.
III. PHNG PHP DY HC
m thoi, tng hp, khi qut ho
IV.T CHC HOT NG DY HC
1. n nh lp - Kim tra bi c
Gi HS ln bng lm cc bi tp 5, 6 sch GV
2. Tin trnh dy hc
Ni dung bi ging
Hot ng 1. Dung dch
7. Dung dch
GV y/c HS nhc li cc khi nim
- Dung dch l hn hp ng nht ca dung mi v
- Dung dch l g? Cho VD
cht tan.
- Nng ca dung dch l g? C my loi *Nng dung dch l lng cht tnh bng gam
nng dung dch?
hay mol cha trong mt lng xc nh ca dung
dch (gam hoc th tch dung dch).
- Nng phn trm, nng mol l g? Vit - Nng phn trm (C%) cu mt dung dch cho
cng thc tnh.
bit s gam cht tan c trong 100g dung dch.
HS tr li, GV b sung
mct
C%
mdd
x100%
- Nng mol (CM) ca mt dung dch cho bit s

mol cht tan c trong 1 lt dung dch.
4
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------CM
GV: Cng thc lin h ca C% v C M ca cng

mt cht tan
C M C%
n
v
10.D
Mt
D l khi lng ring ca dung dch (g/ml hoc

3
g/cm
Hot ng 2. S phn loi cc hp cht v c 8. S phn loi cc hp cht v c
- GV Y/c Hs nhc li cc loi hp cht v c
a- Oxit: l hp cht ca oxi vi mt nguyn t
phn loi theo tnh cht ha hc.
ha hc khc.
- GV hng dn HS xy dng s phn loi
- Oxit baz: CaO, Fe 2O3 . . . tc dng vi dung
dch axit to mui v nc.
- Oxit axit: CO2, SO2. . . tc dng vi dung dch
baz to mui v nc.
b- Axit: l hp cht gm Hidro lin kt vi gc
axit..
VD: HCl, H2SO4 . . . tc dng vi baz, oxit
baz, kim loi trc H, mui
c- Baz: l hp cht gm kim loi lin kt vi
nhm hidroxit (- OH).
VD: NaOH, Cu(OH)2 . . .tc dng vi axit to
mui v nc.
d- Mui: l hp cht gm kim loi lin kt vi
gc axit.
VD: NaCl, K2CO3 . . . c th tc dng vi axt
to mui mi v axt mi, c th tc dng vi
dung dch baz to mui mi v baz mi.
5
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CC CHT
V C
N
CHT
KIM
LOI
PHI
KIM
Oxit
axit
Oxit
baz
OXIT
BAZ
Kim
AXIT
Baz
khng
tan
Hot ng 3. Bng tun hon cc nguyn

t ha hc
GV: - nguyn t cho bit g? Cho HS trc
quan bng HTTH
- Chu k l g? Chu k cho bit ci g?
- Nhm nguyn t l g? Cho VD minh ha?

HS tr li, GV nhn xt v b sung
HP
CHT
Axit
c
oxi
MUI
Axit
khng
c oxi
Mui
trung
ha
Mui
axit
9. Bng tun hon cc nguyn t ha hc

- nguyn t cho bit:
+ s hiu nguyn t
+ k hiu ha hc
+ tn nguyn t
+ nguyn t khi
- Chu k gm cc nguyn t m nguyn t ca
chng c cng s lp electron v c sp xp
theo chiu tng dn ca in tch ht nhn.
*Trong mt chu k, i t tri qua phi:
+ S e lp ngoi cng tng t 1 n 8 (tr chu
k 1)
+ tnh kim loi gim dn, tnh phi kim tng dn
- Nhm gm cc nguyn t m nguyn t ca
chng c cng s electron lp ngoi cng bng
nhau v c sp xp theo chiu tng ca in
tch ht nhn.
* Trong mt nhm, i t trn xung di
+ s lp electron ca nguyn t tng dn
+ tnh kim loi tng dn, tnh phi kim gim dn
6
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Hot ng 4. Bi tp cng c
GV ra cc bi tp 8, 9, 10 sch GV
HS lm bi tp, GV nhn xt
3. Dn d
- HS v nh hc bi, n li thm cc kin thc hc THCS
- HS chun b bi mi, bi Nguyn t
7
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CHNG 1: NGUYN T
Bi 1: THNH PHN NGUYN T
Tit: 3
I. MC TIU BI HC
1. Kin thc
- Thnh phn c bn ca nguyn t gm v nguyn t v ht nhn. V nguyn t gm cc
ht electron. Ht nhn gm ht proton v notron.
- Khi lng v in tch ca e, p, n. Khi lng v kch thc ca nguyn t.
2. K nng
HS tp nhn xt, rt ra kt lun t th nghim, bit s dng n v o v p dng cc bi tp.
3. Trng tm
Nm c thnh phn c bn ca nguyn t
III. CHUN B
Ti liu v lch s tm ra cc thnh phn ca nguyn t
III. PHNG PHP DY HC
- m thoi, nu vn v gii quyt vn
1. n nh lp - Kim tra bi c
Bi tp trang 8 sch gio vin.
2. Tin trnh dy hc
Ni dung bi ging
Hot ng 1
GV v HS cng c vi nt v lch s nghin
cu nguyn t t thi -m-crit n gia th
k XIX. T t ra cu hi mi vt c cu
to bi cc ht v cng nh b l nguyn t,
khng th phn chia c na, iu cn
ng khng?
Hot ng 2. Electron
I. Thnh phn cu to ca nguyn t.
GV: m t th nghim tm ra electron ca 1.
Electron
Thomson 1897 theo cch dy hc nu vn . a.
S tm ra electron
GV t vn mc ch ca th nghim: - Th nghim ca Thomson 1897
Nguyn t khng chia nh c na hay
( SGK)
nguyn t c to nn t nhng phn t cn
nh hn. Gi thit rng nguyn t c to nn
t nhng phn t cn nh hn t phi c hin
tng th hin. Vy hin tng l g?
- GV m t cu to thit b phng in qua ng
ht gn ht khng kh.
8
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- Hin tng mn hunh quang pht sng ta rt

ra c iu g?
- Ti sao chong chng li quay?
- Chm ht b lch v pha bn dng iu
chng t iu g?
T cc hin tng th nghim trn rt ra cc
c tnh ca tia m cc.
* Kt lun vn : Tia m cc l mt trong s
cc chng c chng t nguyn t c cu to
phc tp.
* Khi lng v in tch ca electron
- GV hng dn HS c v ghi nh cc s liu
cn thit trong SGK
- GV: Gii thch thm 1,602.10-19 C l in tch
nh nht hin ti tm thy trong t nhin
c dng lm in tch n v (tv), k hiu
eo.
* c tnh ca tia m cc:

- L chm ht vt cht c khi lng, chuyn
ng vi vn tc ln.
- Khi khng c tc dng ca in trng v t
trng tia m cc truyn thng.
- Tia m cc l chm ht mang in tch m.
Ngi ta gi ht mang in m to thnh tia
m cc l electron ( e ).
Hot ng 3. S tm ra ht nhn nguyn t

GV: m t th nghim ca Rutherford tm ra ht
nhn nguyn t v nm 1911.
- Ti sao ht mang in dng li b i lch?
Mt s t b bt li pha sau? Phi chng n
va chm vi mt ht mang in tch (+)?
- Ht mang in (+) phi c kch thc v
khi lng nh th no?
- Nguyn t phi c cu to rng hay c
phn ln cc ht xuyn qua?
Yu cu HS rt ra c im ht nhn nguyn
t.
2. S tm ra ht nhn nguyn t.
- Th nghim ca Rutherford- 1911 (SGK)
b. Khi lng v in tch electron

me = 9,1094.10-31 kg
qe = -1,602.10-19 C (culng)
qe = -eo = 1-
* c im ca ht nhn :
- Nguyn t phi cha phn mang in (+) tm
l ht nhn, c khi lng ln (so vi e), nhng
kch thc rt nh (so vi nguyn t) nguyn
t c cu to rng
- Xung quanh ht nhn c cc e to nn lp v.
S e = thn (v nguyn t trung ho v in).
- Khi lng nguyn t hu nh tp trung ht
nhn.
3. Cu to ca ht nhn nguyn t
Hot ng 4:
- GV: Hat nhn l nhng ht khng th phn
chia c na hay n cn c cu to t cc ht
nh hn?
M t th nghim ca Rutherford tm ra a. S tm ra proton
proton nm 1918 tm ra proton
- Ht proton l 1 thnh phn cu to ca ht nhn
9
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M t th nghim tm ra ntron ca
Chadwick nm 1932.
Yu cu HS qui np tm ra cu to ht nhn
nguyn t: gm nhng ht no? c im tng
ht?
Hot ng 5.
GV v HS cng c SGK nghin cu kch
thc v khi lng nguyn t : v cng nh b
n v o kch thc v khi lng nguyn
t
nguyn t,mang in tch dng, k hiu p.

mp = 1,6726.10-27 kg
qp = 1,602.10-19 C = eo = 1+
b. S tm ra notron
- Ht ntron l 1 thnh phn cu to ca ht
nhn nguyn t, khng mang in , k hiu n
- Khi lng gn bng khi lng proton
mn = 1,6748.10-27 kg mp
qn = 0
c. Cu to ht nhn nguyn t:
- c cu thnh bi cc p v n
- S p = thn = s e xung quanh ht nhn.
II. Kch thc v khi lng ca nguyn t.
1. Kch thc
- n v : 1nm = 10-9 m
1 Ao = 10-10 m
- Nguyn t ca cc nguyn t khc nhau c kch
thc khc nhau.
- ng knh nguyn t c 10 -1nm nh nht l
Hidro, rH = 0,53A0 = 0,053 nm
- ng knh ht nhn c 10 -5 nm kch thc
nguyn t ln hn ht nhn khong 104 ln.
- ng knh e, p, n c 10-8 nm.
2. Khi lng
- n v khi lng nguyn t: u, vC
Hot ng 6:
- GV: gii thiu n v khi lng nguyn t.
1
- HS: ghi nh v ng dng qui i khi lng 1u 1 m
.19,9265.10 27 kg
C 12
12
12
cc ht, xem bng 1, sgk, trang 8
27
1u 1,6605.10
kg
Hot ng 7. Cng c bi hc
- GV m thoi vi HS nu nn cu to
nguyn t: v l e, ht nhn l n, p
- BTVN : 1,2,3,4,5 : SGK trang 9
3. Dn d
HS v nh hc bi v lm bi tp trong sch gio khoa
Tit 4:
Bi 2. HT NHN NGUYN T
NGUYN T HA HC NG V (T1)
10
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I. MC TIU BI HC
1. V kin thc
Hc sinh hiu:
- in tch ht nhn, s khi ca ht nhn nguyn t.
- Th no l nguyn t khi, cch tnh nguyn t khi
- nh ngha nguyn t ho hc trn c s in tch ht nhn, s hiu nguyn t, k hiu
nguyn t.
2. V k nng
HS c rn k nng gii cc bi tp lin quan cc vn sau: in tch ht nhn, s khi,
k hiu nguyn t
II. CHUN B
GV nhc nh HS hc k bi 1.
III. PHNG PHP DY HC
m thoi, nu vn v gii quyt vn
IV.T CHC HOT NG DY HC
1. n nh lp Kim tra bi c
1. Nu thnh phn cu to ca nguyn t?
2. Nhn xt v khi lng v in tch ca cc ht cu to nn nguyn t?
2. Tin trnh dy hc
Ni dung bi ging
Hot ng 1. in tch ht nhn
I. Ht nhn nguyn t
GV: dn dt HS cng gii bi tp
1. in tch ht nhn
- Ht nhn nguyn t gm p v n nhng ch c p - Proton mang in tch 1+, nu ht nhn c Z
mang in
proton th in tch ca ht nhn bng Z+
qp = 1+, qe = 1Trong nguyn t :
Suy ra s n v in tch ht nhn bng s p S n v in tch ht nhn = S p = S e
Nguyn t trung ha v in suy ra s p = s e
Vd: nguyn t Mg c Z = 12+ nguyn t
- Cho in tch ht nhn ca nguyn t oxi l 8+, Mg c 12p, 12e
nguyn t oxi c bao nhiu proton v bao nhiu
electron.
- Vy, nu in tch ht nhn l Z+ th s n v
in tch ht nhn l bao nhiu?
T , gip HS thit lp biu thc lin h gia
s n v in tch ht nhn Z vi s p v s e.
Hot ng 2
2. S khi
GV: nh ngha s khi sau cho HS p dng - S khi
cng thc A = Z + N gii mt s bi tp:
Z : tng s ht p
- Ht nhn nguyn t Fe c 26 p v 30 n, tm s
N : tng s ht n
11
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khi ca ht nhn Fe?
s khi A = Z + N
GV cho HS p dng gii bi ton :

- S vthn Z v s khi A: c trng cho ht
Nguyn t K c A = 39, Z = 19. Tm s e, p, n ca nhn v cng l c trng cho nguyn t.
nguyn t K.
V: bit A, Z s n = N = A Z
Z s p = s e
Hot ng 3. Nguyn t ha hc
II. Nguyn t ho hc
GV: Trnh by HS hiu c nh ngha 1. nh ngha
nguyn t ho hc.
- Nguyn t ho hc l nhng nguyn t c
HS t c th d sgk
cng in tch ht nhn.
*GV nhn mnh: ngi ta thy tnh cht ring - VD: cc nguyn t c Z = 12 u thuc
bit ca nguyn t ch c gi nguyn khi in nguyn t Mg, chng u c 12 p ht nhn v
tch ht nhn nguyn t c bo ton. Nu 12 e lp v.
in tch ca ht nhn b thay i th tnh cht ca
nguyn t cng thay i theo.
GV: Hin tai c khong 92 nguyn t HH c trong
t nhin, 18 NTHH c tng hp trong phng
th nghim
Hot ng 4. S hiu nguyn t v k hiu 2. S hiu nguyn t.
nguyn t
S vthn nguyn t ca mt nguyn t c
GV: yu cu HS c nh ngha s hiu nguyn gi l s hiu nguyn t ca nguyn t , k
t, sau phn tch nh ngha.
hiu l Z.
GV: Hng dn cch ghi k hiu nguyn t.
p dng: ghi k hiu nguyn t mt s nguyn t 3. K hiu nguyn t
A
sau: Mg, O, Fe.
X
Z
GV: K hiu nguyn t cho ta bit iu gi? p
*KHNT cho ta bit :
dng vo cc nguyn t trn.
- S hiu nguyn t Z = s v thn = s p = s
e.
- S n = A Z
3. Cng c - Dn d
- Hy xc nh in tch ht nhn, s p, s n, s e, nguyn t khi ca cc nguyn t sau:
,
- HS v nh hc bi v lm bi tp 1, 2, 4 Sgk trang 14
Tit 5: Bi 2. HT NHN NGUYN T
NGUYN T HA HC, NG V (T2)
12
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I. MC TIU BI HC
1. V kin thc
HS hiu c khi nim ng v, nguyn t khi v nguyn t khi trung bnh ca mt
nguyn t.
2. V k nng
Tnh nguyn t khi trung bnh ca nguyn t c nhiu ng v.
3. Trng tm
- Cch tnh nguyn t khi trung bnh
II. CHUN B
- Gio vin: Gio n
- Hc sinh: Hc bi c, chun b bi mi trc khi n lp.
III. PHNG PHP GING DY
1. n nh lp: Kim tra s s, ng phc
2. Kim tra bi c
- Xc nh s e, s p, s n, s khi, in tch ht nhn ca:
- Tng s ht c bn trong nguyn t ca mt nguyn t l 34, trong tng s ht mang

in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 10. Xc nh nguyn t A?
3. Tin trnh dy hc
t vn : Ta bit cch tnh s khi ca nguyn t A = Z+ N; Z ca mt nguyn t
lun khng i, khi N thay i th th no? Nguyn t khi ca n s c tnh ra sao?
Ni dung bi ging
Hot ng 1. ng v
III. ng v
GV cng HS gii BT:
- Tnh s proton v s notron ca proti, teri,
triti theo cc k hiu nguyn t sau
1
1
H ; 21 H ; 31 H
- T rt ra nhn xt?
proti : ht nhn ch c 1 p
teri ht nhn c 1p, 1n
triti : ht nhn c 1p, 2n
Cc nguyn t trn c cng s p nn cng - Cc ng v ca cng mt nguyn t ho hc l
thn, s thuc cng mt nguyn t ho hc, nhng nguyn t c cng s p nhng khc nhau
chng c khi lng khc nhau do c s n khc s n do s khi A ca chng khc nhau
nhau.
- Cc ng v c xp vo cng mt trong
Cc nguyn t c cng s p nn c cng in
13
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tch ht nhn, do vy thuc v 1 nguyn t ha

hc.
Chng c khi lng khc nhau v ht nhn ca
chng c s n khc nhau.
HS c hiu khi nim ng v ng v
Hot ng 2.
GV y/c HS nhc li n v khi lng ca
nguyn t? C gi tr bng bao nhiu?
Khi lng ca nguyn t hidro (cn gi l
khi lng tuyt i ca nguyn t hidro) l
1,6735.10-27 kg 1u
- Nguyn t khi (khi lng nguyn t tng
i ca nguyn t hiro) l:
1u
1
u
bng HTTH v c tnh cht ha hc ging nhau

*Vd: Nguyn t oxi c 3 ng v
16
17
18
8O ,
8O ,
8O
IV. Nguyn t khi v nguyn t khi trung

bnh ca cc nguyn t ha hc
1. Nguyn t khi
Nguyn t khi ca 1 nguyn t cho bit khi
lng ca nguyn t nng gp bao nhiu ln
n v khi lng nguyn t.
V khi lng nguyn t tp trung nhn
nguyn t nn nguyn t khi coi nh bng s
khi (Khi khng cn chnh xc)
Cho HS p dng: Xc nh nguyn t khi ca

P bit P c Z=15, N=16 Nguyn t khi ca
P=31
Hot ng 3.
GV: Hu ht cc nguyn t ha hc l hn hp
ca nhiu ng v nn nguyn t khi ca
nguyn t l nguyn t khi trung bnh ca
hn hp cc ng v tnh theo t l phn trm s
nguyn t ca mi ng v. Sau , GV hng
dn HS cng tnh th d trong Sgk.
- VD: cacbon t nhin l hn hp 2 ng v
C-12, C-13. Trong C-12 chim 98,9%.
Tnh NTK TB ca C.
_
s : M 12,01
2. Nguyn t khi trung bnh

Trong t nhin a s nguyn t ha hc l hn
hp ca nhiu ng v (c s khi khc nhau)
Nguyn t khi ca nguyn t l nguyn t khi
trung bnh ca cc ng v .
A
aX bY
100
X, Y: nguyn t khi ca ng v X, Y
a,b : % s nguyn t ca ng v X, Y
35
Cl chim
Vd: Clo l hn hp ca 2 ng v 17
35
Cl chim 24,23% nguyn t khi
75,77% v 17
trung bnh ca clo l:
75,77 24,23
35.5
100
100
4. Cng c - dn d
Hng dn HS lm cc bi tp: 3, 5, 6, 7, 8 Sgk
HS v nh hc bi v chun b bi mi
Tit 6:
Bi 3. LUYN TP: THNH PHN NGUYN T
I. MC TIU BI HC
14
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. V kin thc
HS hiu v vn dng cc kin thc:
- Thnh phn cu to nguyn t, ht nhn nguyn t, kch thc, khi lng, in tch ca
ht nhn
- nh ngha nguyn t ho hc, k hiu nguyn t, ng v, nguyn t khi, nguyn t
khi trung bnh
2. V k nng
Rn luyn k nng xc nh s electron, s proton, s ntron v nguyn t khi khi bit k
hiu nguyn t
II. Chun b
*Gio vin: Gio n, bi tp cho HS lm trc
*Hc sinh: n bi c, lm bi tp trc khi n lp.
III. PHNG PHP DY HC
Phng php m thoi, nu vn v gii quyt vn
1. n nh lp
2. Kim tra bi c
- Lm bi tp 5 SgK trang 14
3. Tin trnh dy hc
Ni dung bi ging
Hot ng 1.
A- KIN THC CN NM VNG
V nguyn t gm cc electron
GV t chc tho lun chung vn : Nguyn t c
me 0,00055u; qe =1- (vt)
thnh phn cu to nh th no? HS tr li, GV
tng kt theo s
Nguyn t
Proton: mp 1u
qp = 1+
Ht nhn nguyn t
Ntron: mn 1u
qn = 0
Hot ng 2.
2. K hiu nguyn t
A
GV yu cu HS nhc li k hiu nguyn t.
Z X
GV t chc lm bi tp: K hiu nguyn t sau y
- A = Z + N: S khi.
cho em bit iu g?
- S hiu nguyn t Z = s p = s e.
* Lu : mnt A u.
- Vi 82 nguyn t u ( Z =182) lun c :
Z=P=E=11, N =12, Z+ =11+, mNa 23 u.
15
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1
Hot ng 3. Cng c cc kin thc: nguyn t ha
hc, ng v, nguyn t khi trung bnh ca nguyn
t ha hc
GV t chc tho lun v lm bi tp 2 v bi tp 3
(Sgk):
- nh ngha nguyn t ha hc
- Th no l ng v
Hot ng 4.
GV gi , dn dt HS gii cc bi tp 4, 5, 6 Sgk
trang 18 v ra thm mt s bi tp khc HS lm
trn lp v t gii nh.
Cu 1: Pht biu no sau y khng ng?
1. Trong mt nguyn t lun lun c s proton bng
s electron v bng s n v in tch ht nhn
2. Tng s proton v s electron trong ht nhn
c gi l s khi
3. S khi A l khi lng tuyt i ca nguyn t
4. ng v l cc nguyn t c cng s proton
nhng khc nhau v s ntron
1
35
N
1,5.
Z
3. Nguyn t ha hc, ng v, nguyn t khi

trung bnh ca nguyn t ha hc
Tnh nguyn t khi trung bnh ca nguyn t kali
AK
39 x93,258 41x6,73 40 x0,012

39,1347
100
B. BI TP
Cu 1: 1, 3
37
Cu 2: C cc ng v sau: 1 H ; 1 H ; 1 H ; 17 Cl ; 17 Cl . Cu 2: C
Hi c th to ra bao nhiu phn t hiroclorua c
thnh phn ng v khc nhau?
A. 8 B. 12 C. 6 D. 9
Cu 3: C cc loi nguyn t sau:
1735Cl ; 1737Cl
126 C ; 136 C ; 146 C
a. Xc nh s ntron, s proton, s e v s khi
ca mi loi nguyn t trn?
*GV hng dn HS lm cc bi tp trong Sgk
4. Dn d: Nm vng cc kin thc hc, chun b bi Cu to v nguyn t
Ngy son: 19/08/2014

Tit 7: T CHN (1) CU TO CA NGUYN T
I. Mc ch, yu cu
16
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- Cng c kin thc trng tm ca phn ng v, nguyn t khi

- HS vn dng v gii bi tp v ng v, nguyn t khi trung bnh
- HS thy c cc mi lin h gia cc i lng trong cng thc
II. Phng php
- m thoi, nu vn .
III. Tin trnh ln lp
1. n nh lp
2. Bi mi
Ni dung bi hc
A. Kin thc c bn
A. Kin thc c bn
GV m thoi vi HS h thng li cc kin thc - nh ngha ng v
hc thng qua cc cu hi:
- Ly v d minh ho
- Nu cu to nguyn t, i n tch mi loi ht.
-Vit cng thc tnh A (gii thch cc i lng
- Nu nh ngha ng v, cho v d?
trong cng thc).
- Vit cng thc tnh A v nu r cc i lng
c s dng trong cng thc?
HS tr li cc cu hi trn.
B. Bi tp
B. Bi tp
1. Hy cho bit s n v in tch ht nhn, s 1. S n v in tch ht nhn, s proton, s ntron
proton, s ntron v s electron ca cc nguyn t v s electron ca cc nguyn t:
c k hiu sau y:
a). 73Li c s khi A = 7
39
40
234
a) 73Li, 23
S p = s e = Z = 3 ; N = 4
11Na, 19K, 19Ca, 90Th
23
56
b) 21H, 24 He, 126C, 168O, 32
11Na c s khi A = 23
15 P, 26 Fe.
S p = s e = Z = 11 ; N = 12
39
19 K
c s khi A = 39
S p = s e = Z = 19 ; N = 20
- Cc nguyn t cn li lm tng t
2. Nguyn t khi trung bnh ca bc bng 107,02 2. Ta c
ln nguyn t khi ca hiro. Nguyn t khi ca AAg = 107,02.AH m AH = MH = 1,0079
hiro bng 1,0079. Tnh nguyn t khi ca bc.
AAg = 107,02 . 1,0079 = 107,865
3. Nguyn t khi ca neon l 20,179. Hy tnh 3. Ta c mNe = 1,66005.10-27. 20,179 = 33,498.1027 kg.
khi lng ca mt nguyn t neon theo kg.
4. Nguyn t X c tng s ht bng 60. Trong 4. B.
s ht notron bng s ht proton. X l:
40
Ar
A. 18
39
K
B 19
17
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
40
20
Ca
37
D 21 Sc
5. Mt nguyn t X c tng s cc ht bng 40. 5. Ta c
S ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang
2P + N = 40 (1)
in l 12. Tm Z, A.
2P - N = 12 (2)
T (1) v (2) ta c : P = 13, N = 14.
79
6. Trong t nhin Br c 2 ng v: 35 Br (50,69%) 6. % s nguyn t ca ng v th 2:
v ng v th 2 cha bit s khi. Bit nguyn t 100- 50,69 = 49,31%
khi trung bnh ca Br l 79,98. Tm s khi v % Ta c: 79,98 = 79.50,69 B.49,31

100
ca ng v th 2.
B = 81
81
Br (49,31%).
ng v th 2: 35
7. Cho hai ng v hiro vi t l % s nguyn t : a) Nguyn t khi trung bnh ca hiro v clo l:
1
1H
(99,984%), 21H (0,016%) v hai ng v ca
37
clo : 35
17Cl (75,53%), 17Cl (24,47%).
a) Tnh nguyn t khi trung bnh ca mi nguyn
t.
b) C th c bao nhiu loi phn t HCl khc
nhau c to nn t hai loi ng v ca hai
nguyn t .
8. X c 3 ng v X1 (92,23%), X2 (4,67%),
X3(3,1%). Tng s khi ca 3 ng v bng 87. S
N trong X2 hn X1l 1 v AX = 28,0855.
a) Tm X1, X2, X3.
b) Nu trong X1 c N = P . Tm s ntron trong
nguyn t ca mi ng v
1.99,984 2.0,016
1,00016
100
35.75,53 37.24,47
= 35,5
A Cl =
100
AH=
b). C bn loi phn t HCl khc nhau to nn t

hai loi ng v ca hai nguyn t hiro v clo.
Cng thc phn t l :
37
35
37
H 35
17Cl, H 17Cl, D 17Cl, D 17Cl
8. Gii
a)
X 1 X 2 X 3 87
X 2 X1 1
0,9223. X 0,0467. X 0,031. X 28,0855

1
2
3
X1 = 28; X2 = 29; X3 = 30.
9. Kt qu phn tch cho thy trong phn t kh

CO2 c 27,3% C v 72,7% O theo khi lng.
Bit nguyn t khi ca C l 12,011. Hy xc
nh nguyn t khi ca oxi.
10. Nguyn t khi trung bnh ca ng bng
63,546. ng tn ti trong t nhin di hai dng
ng v
63
29Cu
65
29Cu
. Tnh t l % s nguyn t
b)
X1 C P = N = Z = 28 : 2 = 14.
S N trong cc ng v:
X1 : 14
X2: 29 14 = 15
X3 : 30 14 = 16.
9. Gi nguyn t khi ca oxi l X, ta c :
( 2X + 12,011).27,3% = 12,011
X = 15,99
18
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ng
63
29Cu
tn ti trong t nhin.
10. Gi t l % s nguyn t ca ng v
x , % ng v
Ta c
65
29 Cu
63
29 Cu
l 100 - x
63x 65(100 x)
= 63,546
100
63x + 6500 - 65x = 6354,6

x = 72,7
3. Cng c, dn d
HS hc bi, lm cc bi tp
Tit 8:
Bi 4. CU TO V NGUYN T
19
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
I. MC TIU BI HC
1. V kin thc
*HS hiu
- Trong nguyn t, electron chuyn ng nh th no
- Cu to v nguyn t ra sao? Th no l lp, phn lp electron? Mi lp, mi phn lp c
ti a bao nhiu electron.
2. V k nng
HS gii c cc bi tp lin quan n cc kin thc sau: Phn bit lp electron v phn lp
electron; s electron ti a trong mt phn lp, trong mt lp; cch k hiu cc lp, phn lp; S
phn b electron trn cc lp (K, L, M) v phn lp (s, p, d)
II. TRNG TM
- S chuyn ng ca cc electron trong nguyn t
- Lp v phn lp electron
- S electron trn mt phn lp
III. CHUN B
*Gio vin: gio n
*Hc sinh: Chun b bi mi trc khi n lp.
IV. PHNG PHP DY HC
V. T CHC HOT NG DY HC
1. n nh lp: Kim tra s s, ng phc...
2. Kim tra bi c:
Tng s ht trong nguyn t ca mt nguyn t l 60. Trong , s ht mang in tch m
bng s ht khng mang in. Tm A?
3. Tin trnh dy hc
t vn : V nguyn t c to nn bi ht no? Cc electron lp v nguyn t
chuyn ng nh th no? Trong bi ny chng ta s tm hiu.
Ni dung bi ging
Hot ng 1
I. S chuyn ng ca cc electron trong nguyn t
- GV gii thiu m hnh mu hnh tinh 1. Quan nim c (theo E.Rutherford, N.Bohr,
nguyn t ca Bo.
A.Sommerfeld): Electron chuyn ng quanh ht nhn
nguyn t theo nhng qu o hnh bu dc hay hnh
- Theo quan nim hin i th cc electron trn (Mu nguyn t hnh tinh).
chuyn ng nh th no?
2. Quan nim hin i: Cc electron chuyn ng rt
- HS nghin cu Sgk v tr li
nhanh quanh ht nhn nguyn t trn nhng qu o
- GV v hnh minh ha m hnh nguyn t khng xc nh to thnh v nguyn t.
hin i.
20
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Hot ng 2
- Cc electron chuyn ng khng theo qu
o nht nh nhng khng phi hn lon m
vn tun theo quy lut nht nh
- GV gii thiu v lp v phn lp. HS
nghin cu Sgk v rt ra cc nhn xt.
II. Lp electron v phn lp electron

1. Lp electron
- Trong nguyn t trng thi c bn, cc electron ln
lt chim cc mc nng lng t thp n cao v sp
xp thnh tng lp.
- Cc electron trn cng mt lp c mc nng lng
gn bng nhau.
- Mi lp tng ng vi mt mc nng lng. Cc
mc nng lng ca cc lp c sp xp theo th t
tng dn t thp n cao (t trong ra ngoi), cc lp
electron c nh s th t v t tn nh sau
Mc nng lng n 1
2
3
4
Tn lp
K L M N
Hot ng 3. GV cng c cc ni dung trn

- S th t ca nguyn t trong bng tun
hon bng s lp electron lp v nguyn t
- Cc electron sp xp thnh tng lp
Hot ng 4.
2. Phn lp electron:
GV hng dn HS c Sgk bit quy c - Mi lp chia thnh cc phn lp
sau
- Cc e trn cng mt phn lp c mc nng lng
bng nhau.
- Cc phn lp c k hiu bng cc ch ci thng:
s, p, d, f.
- S phn lp trong mi lp bng s th t ca lp
+ Lp th 1 (n=1) c mt phn lp, l phn lp 1s
+ Lp th 2 (n=2) c hai phn lp, l phn lp 2s,
2p
+ Lp th 3 (n=3) c ba phn lp, l phn lp 3s,
3p, 3d
v.v.
- Cc electron phn lp s c gi l cc electron s;
cc electron phn lp p c gi l cc electron p
Hot ng 5. GV hng dn HS c Sgk III. S electron ti a trong mt phn lp, mt lp
cc em bit cc quy c v s electron ti a 1. S electron ti a trong mt phn lp
trong mt phn lp
Phn lp
s
p
d
f
S electron ti a
2
6
10
14
trn 1 phn lp
Phn lp c s electron ti a gi l phn lp
electron bo ha.
21
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- GV cho HS bit s electron ti a trong lp 2. S electron ti a trong mt lp

th n (n 4) l 2n2
Lp th n
1(K)
2(L)
3(M)
- GV yu cu HS cho bit s phn b e trn
Phn b e
1s
2s
3s
trn
cc
2p
3p
cc phn lp v s e ti a trn mt lp
2
3d10
phn lp
S e ti a/
2e
8e
18e
4(N)
4s2
4p6
4d10
4f14
32e
lp: 2n2e
Lp electron c s electron ti a gi l lp
electron bo ha
Bi 1: Xc nh s lp e ca cc nguyn t
Hot ng 6. Vn dng
14
GV a v d trong Sgk v cc v d khc
24
,
7 N, 12 Mg,
HS tho lun theo nhm lm bi tp
i din cc nhm ln bng trnh by, nhm Bi 2: Nguyn t agon c k hiu l
khc nhn xt
a) Hy xc nh s p, s n v s e trong nguyn t.
b) Hy xc nh s phn b e trn cc lp e.
4. Cng c, dn d
HS v nh hc bi v lm cc bi tp 1, 2, 3, 4,5, 6 Sgk
22
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Tit 9 - 10: Bi 5. CU HNH ELECTRON NGUYN T

I. MC TIU BI HC
1. V kin thc:
Hc sinh bit: Quy lut sp xp cc electron trong v nguyn t ca cc nguyn t.
2. K nng
- Vit c cu hnh electron nguyn t ca mt s nguyn t ho hc.
- Da vo cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng ca nguyn t suy ra tnh cht ho hc c bn
(l kim loi, phi kim hay kh him) ca nguyn t tng ng.
II. TRNG TM
- Th t cc mc nng lng ca cc electron trong nguyn t.
- S phn b electron trn cc phn lp, lp v cu hnh electron nguyn t.
- c im cu hnh ca lp electron ngoi cng.
IV. CHUN B
* Gio vin: S phn b mc nng lng ca cc lp v phn lp (hoc bng qui tc
Kleckowski)
* Hc sinh: Hc bi c, chun b bi mi trc khi n lp.
V. TIN TRNH BI DY
2. Kim tra bi c: Xc nh s lp e, s e mi lp trong cc nguyn t:
,
3.Bi mi:
t vn : Da vo s electron ti a ca tng lp, tng phn lp ta c th vit cu hnh e
ca nguyn t. Cu hnh e c biu din nh th no, hm nay chng ta s cng tm hiu.
Ni dung bi hc
Hot ng 1. GV gii thiu S phn b I. Th t cc mc nng lng trong nguyn
mc nng lng ca cc lp v cc phn lp t
v hng dn HS c Sgk bit cc quy - Cc electron trong nguyn t trng thi c
lut
bn ln lt chim cc mc nng lng t
- GV thng tin v v th t mc nng lng thp ln cao
cc phn lp
- Mc nng lng ca cc lp tng theo th t
- Gv lu HS v s chn mc nng lng t 1 n 7 k t gn ht nhn nht, v ca
dn n nng lng phn lp 4s nh hn 3d phn lp tng theo th t s, p, d, f
- Th t sp xp cc phn lp theo chiu tng
ca nng lng: 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p 5s 4d
23
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Hot ng 2
- GV: Nu khi nim cu hnh electron
- GV yu cu HS cho bit quy c v cc
bc vit cu hnh electron
- GV vit cu hnh e ca H, He, O

- HS vit cu hnh e ca Ne, Ca, S
- GV nhn xt v vit cu hnh gn theo
nguyn t kh him c cu hnh gn ging
- GV thng tin v nguyn t s, p, d, f

- HS xc nh nguyn t s, p, d, f cho cc v
d trn
5p 6s,
- Khi in tch ht nhn tng, c s chn mc
nng lng nn mc nng lng ca 4s thp
hn 3d.
II. Cu hnh electron ca nguyn t
1. Cu hnh electron ca nguyn t
Cu hnh electron: Biu din s phn b e
trn cc lp v phn lp
*Quy c
- S th t lp electron c ghi bng ch s
1, 2, 3...
- Phn lp c ghi bng cc ch ci thng
s, p, d, f.
- S electron c ghi bng s pha trn bn
phi ca phn lp
*Cc bc vit cu hnh electron ca nguyn
t: Sgk
- V d: Cu hnh e ca cc nguyn t:
1
1H: 1s
2
2He: 1s
2
2
4
hay He 2s2 2p4
8O: 1s 2s 2p
2
2
6
10Ne: 1s 2s 2p
2
2
6
2
6
2
2
20Ca: 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s hay [Ar]4s
2
2
6
2
4
2
4
16S: 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p hay [Ne]3s 3p
- Phn lp cui cng l h ca nguyn t :
+ H, He, Ca: l nguyn t s v e cui cng
in vo phn lp s .
+ O, Ne, S: l nguyn t p v e cui cng in
vo phn lp p.
+ Ngoi ra cn c nguyn t d, nguyn t f.
2. Cu hnh electron ca 20 nguyn t u
Vd: Cu hnh electron ca Ca l:
1s22s22p63s23p64s2 hay c th c vit theo
lp l 2, 8, 8, 2
Hot ng 3
- GV hng dn HS xem cu hnh e ca 20
nguyn t u trong SGK
- GV cho HS bit ngi ta cn c th vit
cu hnh electron theo lp. GV ly v d lm
mu ri HS t lm
Hot ng 4
3. c im lp electron ngoi cng:
- GV hng dn HS nghim cu bng trn - i vi nguyn t ca tt c cc nguyn t,
tm hiu xem nguyn t ch c ti a bao lp e ngoi cng c nhiu nht l 8 e
24
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
nhiu electron lp ngoi cng. T rt ra

nhn xt sau: i vi nguyn t ca tt c
cc nguyn t, lp ngoi cng c nhiu nht
l 8 electron.
- GV cho bit thm: cc nguyn t c 8 *Lp e ngoi cng quyt nh tnh cht ha
electron lp ngoi cng (ns2np6) v nguyn hc ca mt nguyn t:
t He (ns2) u rt bn vng, chng khng - Nhng nguyn t kim loi thng c 1, 2, 3
tham gia vo cc p ha hc (tr mt s electron lp ngoi cng.
trng hp c bit). l nguyn t kh - Nhng nguyn t phi kim thng c 5, 6, 7
him.
electron lp ngoi cng
- GV cho HS tm xem nhng kim loi nh: - Cc nguyn t c 4 electron lp ngoi cng
Na,Mg, Al, K, Ca c bao nhiu electron lp c th l kim loi hay phi kim
ngoi cng
- Nu tng s e ngoi cng l 8 (tr He, 2e
- GV cho HS tm hiu xem nhng phi kim ngoi cng), nguyn t bn v mt ha hc
nh: N, O, F, P, S, Cl c bao nhiu electron l kh him.
lp ngoi cng
Vy: khi bit cu hnh e ca nguyn t c
T rt ra nhn xt
th d on c cc loi nguyn t.
Hot ng 5.
GV tng kt ton b bi hc
- Cch vit cu hnh electron nguyn t ca
nguyn t
- Bit c cu hnh electron nguyn t th
c th d on c loi nguyn t
4. Cng c
- Vit li th t s tng mc nng lng phn b e vo cc lp v nguyn t?
- Vit cu hnh e v xc nh cc nguyn t sau thuc kim loi, phi kim, kh him? Ti sao?
20Ca ;
15P;
36Ar
5. Dn d
- HS hc bi v lm cc bi tp trong SgK trang 27, 28
25
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ngy son: 26/08/2014

Ngy dy: //2014
Tit 11: Bi 6. LUYN TP:
CU TO V NGUYN T (tit 1)
I. MC TIU BI HC
1. V kin thc
Cng c kin thc v:
- Th t cc phn lp electron theo chiu tng ca nng lng trong nguyn t
- Lp, phn lp v s electron ti a trn mt lp, phn lp
- Cu hnh electron nguyn t v c im electron lp ngoi cng
2. V k nng
- Rn luyn k nng vit cu electron nguyn t
II. PHNG PHP GING DY
Phng php m thoi, bi tp ha hc
III. CHUN B
*Gio vin: Gio n, bi tp
*Hc sinh: Hc bi c, chun b bi mi trc khi n lp.
IV. TIN TRNH BI DY
2. Kim tra bi c
Cu 1: Nu c im ca electron lp ngoi cng?
Cu 2: Vit cu hnh electron nguyn t ca cc nguyn t sau, cho bit nguyn t no l
kim loi, phi kim, kh him?
A (Z = 11); B (Z = 17); C (Z = 18)
3. Bi mi
a. t vn : Chng ta nghin cu v lp v nguyn t v cu hnh electron, by gi chng
ta s tin hnh vn dng kin thc hc lm bi tp.
b. Trin khai bi
Ni dung bi hc
Hot ng 1. Cng c kin thc
A. KIN THC CN NM VNG
- GV t chc tho lun chung v phn kin thc 1. Th t cc mc nng lng
hc theo h thng cc cu hi:
1s2s2p3s3p4s3d4p5s4d5p6s4f5d6p7s
+ V mt nng lng, nhng electron nh th 2. S electron ti a trong mi lp v phn
no c xp vo cng mt lp, mt phn lp?
lp
+ C bao nhiu loi phn lp, s electron ti a Lp th n (=1,2,3,4) l 2n2e.
trn mi phn lp?
Phn lp: s2 , p6 , d10 , f14 .
+ S electron ti a trn mt lp n c tnh nh
26
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
th no?
+ S phn b mc nng lng ca cc lp v
phn lp nh th no?
+ S electron lp ngoi cng nguyn t ca
mt nguyn t cho bit tnh cht ha hc in
hnh g ca nguyn t nguyn t ?
Hot ng 2. Bi tp
- GV t chc cho HS ln bng lm cc bi tp
trong Sgk/ trang 30
Bi tp: 4, 6, 8, 9
- GV nhn xt, ging gii
- Nu cn thi gian, ra thm mt s bi tp vit
cu hnh electron ca mt s nguyn t nhm d
Ni (Z=28), Fe (Z=26)
* Cu hnh e
Ni (Z=28): 1s22s22p63s23p63d84s2
Fe (Z=26): 1s22s22p63s23p63d64s2
Bi tp 4
Cu hnh e: 1s 2 2 s 2 2 p 6 3s 2 3 p 6 4s 2
a) C 4 lp electron
b) Lp ngoi cng c 2 e
c) Nguyn t l kim loi
Bi tp 6
a) 15e
b) 15
c) lp th 3
d) C 3 lp e, Lp th nht c 2e, lp th 2
c 8e, lp th 3 c 5e
e) photpho l phi kim v c 5e lp ngoi
cng
Bi tp 8
a) 1s 2 2 s1
b) 1s 2 2 s 2 2 p 3
c)1s 2 2s 2 2 p 6
d) 1s 2 2s 2 2 p 6 3s 2 3 p3
e) 1s 2 2s 2 2 p 6 3s 2 3 p 5
g) 1s 2 2s 2 2 p 6 3s 2 3 p 6
Bi tp 9
a) Heli: He (Z=2) , Neon: Ne (Z=10)
b) Natri: Na (Z=11), Kali: K (Z=19)
c) Flo: F (Z=9), Clo: Cl (Z=17)
Bi tp 4/ trang 28
Ta c: 2Z + N = 13 (1)
27
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
N
1,5 (2)
Z
(1) suy ra: N = 13 2Z

Th vo (2)
Z nguyn dng nn ta chn Z = 4

Vy N = 13 4x2 = 5
Nguyn t khi: 4+5=9
Cu hnh e: 1s22s2
4. Cng c - dn d:
Lm bi tp SGK: 1,2,3,5,7/30
* Mt s bi tp t gii
1. Hy vit cu hnh electron ca cc nguyn t c Z = 20, Z = 21, Z = 22,
Z = 24, Z = 29 v cho nhn xt cu hnh electron ca cc nguyn t khc nhau nh th no ?
2. Hy cho bit s electron lp ngoi cng ca cc nguyn t H, Li, Na, K, Ca, Mg, C, Si, O.
3. Bit tng s ht p, n, e trong mt nguyn t l 155. S ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang
in l 33 ht. Tnh s khi ca nguyn t.
28
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ngy son: 26/08/2014

Ngy dy: //2014
Tit 12: LUYN TP: CU TO V NGUYN T (tit 2)
I. MC TIU BI HC
1. V kin thc: Cng c kin thc v thnh phn cu to nguyn t v vit cu hnh electron
2. V k nng:
- Rn luyn k nng vit cu hnh electron nguyn t
- Rn luyn k nng tnh ton ho hc v cc loi ht, s khi,....
m thoi, bi tp ha hc
III. CHUN B
*Gio vin: Gio n, chn bi tp
*Hc sinh: n bi c, lm bi tp trc khi n lp
IV. TIN TRNH DY HC
2. Kim tra bi c
3. Bi mi
a. t vn : Thnh phn cu to nguyn t gm cc loi ht no? K hiu, c im?
b. Trin khai bi
Ni dung bi hc
Hot ng 1. Bi tp v tng s ht c 2 d
kin
Mc tiu: HS bit cch tnh ton cc loi ht,
s khi, ...trong nguyn t da vo c im
ca cc loi ht bng cch gii h 2 phng
trnh
Bi 1. Nguyn t X c tng s ht bng 60. Bi 1
Trong s ht notron bng s ht proton. Tng s ht = S p + s e + s ntron = 60
2Z + N = 60 (1)
Tm X, vit cu hnh electron ca nguyn t X
M: S n = S p N = Z, thay vo (1) ta c:
3Z = 60 Z = 60/3 = 20
Vy X l Ca
29
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bi 2. Mt nguyn t X c tng s cc ht
bng 115. S ht mang in nhiu hn s ht
khng mang in l 25. Tm Z, A, vit cu
hnh e?
HD: S ht mang in gm c e v p, ht
khng mang in l n lp phng trnh th
2 ri gii tng t bi 1
Cu hnh e : 1s22s22p63s23p64s2
Bi 2. Tng s ht = S p + s e + s ntron =
115
2Z + N = 115 (1)
M s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng
mang in 25 nn: 2Z N = 25 (2)
T (1) v (2) ta c hpt:
2Z + N = 115 (1)
2Z N = 25 (2)
4Z = 140 Z = 140/4 = 35
N = 115 2.35 = 45
Vy A = Z + N = 35 + 45 = 80
Cu hnh e: 1s 2 2 s 2 2 p 6 3s 2 3 p 6 3d 10 4s 2 4 p 5
Hot ng 2: Bi tp v tng s ht c 1 d
kin
*Mc tiu: HS bit cch tnh ton cc loi ht,
s khi, ...trong nguyn t da vo c im
ca cc loi ht bng cch kt hp phng
trnh v bt phng trnh
Bi 1: Tng s ht proton, ntron v electron Bi 1: Tng s ht: 2Z + N = 28 N = 28- 2Z
trong nguyn t ca mt nguyn t X l 28 . (1)
S khi ca nguyn t X l bao nhiu?
N
Li c: 1 1,5 (2)
HD: Kt hp iu kin nguyn t bn:
Z
1
N
1,5 kt hp vi phng trnh tng Kt hp (1) v (2) ta tm c:
Z
Z l mt s nguyn dng nn ta chn Z = 8 v

Z=9
* Vi Z= 8 N = 28 2.8 = 12
Vy s khi A = 12 + 8 = 20 (loi)
* Vi Z = 9 N = 28 2.9 = 10
Vy s khi A = 9 + 10 = 19 (nhn)
Bi 2: Tng s ht proton, ntron v electron X l nguyn t Flo: F
ca mt nguyn t mt nguyn t X l 21. S Bi 2: Tng s ht: 2Z + N = 21 N = 21- 2Z
hiu nguyn t ca nguyn t X l bao nhiu? (1)
N
HD: Tng t bi 1
Li c: 1 1,5 (2)
s ht gii
Kt hp (1) v (2) ta tm c: 6 Z 7
Z l mt s nguyn dng nn ta chn Z = 6
30
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
hoc Z = 7
Hot ng 3: Bi tp v ng v
Bi 1. Mg c 3 ng v : 24Mg ( 78,99%),
25
Mg (10%), 26Mg( 11,01%). Tnh nguyn t
khi trung bnh ca Mg?
Bi 2. Tnh % s nguyn t mi ng v ca
cc nguyn t sau:
a.
35
17 Cl
37
17 Cl ,
A Cl 35, 45
Bi 1
=
Bi 2
100-x l % s nguyn t ca ng v
63
65
b. 29
Cu v 29
Cu , A Cu 63,54
35
17 Cl
37
17 Cl
a)Gi x l % s nguyn t ca ng v
Ta c:
=
Gii Pt ta c x = 77,5
Vy
Bi 3. Cacbon c 2 ng v bn. ng v th
nht c 6 proton, 7 ntron, chim 1,11%.
ng v th hai c t hn ng v th nht 1
ntron.
a. Vit k hiu nguyn t C.
b. Tnh nguyn t khi trung bnh ca C.
35
17 Cl (77,5 %)
37
17 Cl (22,5 %)
b)Tng t
Bi 3.
(1,11%)
=
4. Cng c: Lm bi tp s 4/28 SGK
5. Dn d: n li kin thc chng I chun b kim tra 1 tit
* Mt s bi tp t gii
1. Bit rng nguyn t agon c ba ng v khc nhau, ng vi s khi 36, 38 v A. Phn trm cc
ng v tng ng ln lt bng : 0,34% ; 0,06% v 99,6%. Tnh s khi ca ng v A ca nguyn
t agon, bit rng nguyn t khi trung bnh ca agon bng 39,98.
Gi s khi ca ng v A ca nguyn t agon l X
Ta c
A Ar 36
0,34
100
38
0,06
100
XA
99,6
100
39,98
XA = 40
31
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2. Tng s ht proton, ntron, electron trong nguyn t l 28, trong s ht khng mang in
chim xp x 35% tng s ht. Tnh s ht mi loi v vit cu hnh electron ca nguyn t .
N=
10
Z = (28-10)/2 =9
Cu hnh e: 1s22s22p5
Ngy son: 09/09/2014

Tit 13: T CHN (2) N TP KIM TRA 1 TIT
I. Mc ch, yu cu
- Cng c ton b kin thc ca chng
- Cng c kin thc trng tm ca phn cu hnh electron.
- HS vn dng v vit cu hnh electron.
- HS thy c cc mi lin h gia cc i lng trong cu hnh electron.
II. Chun b
- GV pht bi tp chng 1 cho HS
- HS gii trc cc bi tp
III. Phng php
- m thoi, nu vn .
IV. Tin trnh ln lp
1. n nh lp
2. Bi mi
Hot ng 1. Ton ht
GV: Gi HS ln bng lm bi tp
HS di lp lm bi tp v nhn xt
Bi 1: Tng s ht p, n, e ca Nguyn t nguyn
t Z l 21.
a. Xc nh tn nguyn t .
b. Tnh s nguyn t Z c trong 140g Z.
c. Tnh th tch kh o kc trong 140g Z.
Ni dung bi hc
Bi 1:
a. Ta c: 2Z + N = 21 (1)
N
1 1,5 (2)
Z
(1) suy ra: N = 21 2Z
Th vo (2)
Z nguyn dng nn ta chn Z = 6 v Z=7

Z
6
7
A
15
14
T bng trn nhn Z = 7. Vy nguyn t l N
32
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bi 2: Nguyn t X c tng s ht l 58, s ht (Nit)

ntron nhiu hn proton l 1 ht. Xc nh tn b. S nguyn t Nit
nguyn t, vit k hiu nguyn t?
(140/14) x 6,02.1023= 6,02.1024
Bi 2. Ta c: P=Z=E
P+E+N = 58 2Z+N = 58
Bit : N=P+1 N= Z+1
3Z= 57Z = 57/3 = 19
Vy: Z=P=19, N = 20
A = Z+N = 19 + 20 = 39
K hiu :
Hot ng 2. Cu hnh electron nguyn t
Bi 3: Hy cho bit s e lp ngoi cng ca cc
nguyn t Na, K, Cl, N, Ar. Cho bit nguyn t
no l kim loi, phi kim, kh him?
GV: Hng dn, sau gi HS ln bng
Gi : Na c 11 e-, c 11p (nguyn t trung ho
v in). Na+ thiu 1e, Na+ c 10e-.
Bi 3.
Na(Z=11): 1s22s22p63s1
K(Z=19): 1s22s22p63s23p64s1
Cl(Z=17): 1s22s22p63s23p5
N(Z=7): 1s22s22p3
Ar(Z=18): 1s22s22p63s23p6
Na, K l kim loi v c 1 e lp ngoi cng
Cl, N l phi kim v ln lt c 7, 5 e lp ngoi cng
Ar l kh him v c 8 e lp ngoi cng
+
2Bi 4: T vit cu hnh electron ca Na , S , Bi 4:
FVit cu hnh electron ca cc ion sau:
Na1+, S2-, F1-.
Na+ : 1s22s22p6.
S2-: 1s22s22p63s23p6.
F-: 1s22s22p6
Hot ng 3: ng v
Bi 5: Clo c hai ng v l 1735Cl ; 1737Cl . T l s Bi 5: S: 35,5
nguyn t ca hai ng v ny l 3 : 1. Tnh
nguyn t lng trung bnh ca Clo.
Bi 6: Neon c hai ng v l 20Ne v 22Ne. Hy
tnh xem ng vi 18 nguyn t 22Ne th c bao Bi 6: S: 182
nhiu nguyn t 20Ne? Bit M Ne 20,18 .
Hot ng 7: V nguyn t
Bi 7 :a.
11
27
40
11
Bi 7: Nguyn t 5 B , 13 Al v 20 Ca .
5B
a. Xc nh s p, s n v s electron ca cc
p
5
Nguyn t trn.
e
5
b. Xc nh s phn b electron trn cc lp
n
6
electron;
b. S phn b e trn cc lp :
27
13
Al
13
13
14
40
20
Ca .
20
20
20
33
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------11
5
B : 2, 3
27
13
Al : 2, 8, 3
40
20
Ca : 2, 8, 8, 2
Hot ng 4. Cng c
Yu cu HS gii mt s bi tp trong tp bi tp
chng 1.
3. Dn d
HS v nh lm thm cc bi tp n tp chng 1 chun b kim tra 1 tit
Ngy son: 05/09/2014

Ngy dy: /09/2014
CHNG II: BNG TUN HON CC NGUYN T HO HC
V NH LUT TUN HON
Tit 14:
BNG TUN HON CC NGUYN T HO HC (tit 1)
I. MC TIU BI HC
1. V kin thc
*Hc sinh bit c
- Nguyn tc sp xp cc nguyn t trong bng tun hon.
- Cu to ca bng tun hon: , chu k, nhm nguyn t (nhm A, nhm B).
2. V k nng
Da vo cc d liu ghi trong v v tr ca trong bng tun hon suy ra cc thng tin
v thnh phn nguyn t ca nguyn t .
II. TRNG TM
- nguyn t
- Chu k
- Mi lin h gia cu hnh v v tr nguyn t
IV. CHUN B
*Gio vin: Bng tun hon cc nguyn t ho hc
V. TIN TRNH BI DY
1.n nh lp: Kim tra s s, ng phc
2. Bi mi
Ni dung kin thc
34
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Hot ng 1. S lc v s pht minh ra bng

tun hon
GV yu cu HS c Sgk, GV gii thiu thm mt
s thng tin
Hot ng 2. Nguyn tc sp xp cc nguyn t
trong bng tun hon
GV: Gi tr no l c trng c bn cho ht nhn
v nguyn t ?
HS: in tch ht nhn v s khi
GV: Gii thiu bng tun hon, ch cho HS s th
t ca nguyn t, yu cu hc sinh quan st v cho
bit cc nguyn t c sp xp theo th t da
trn gi tr no?
- GV yu cu HS vit cu hnh e ca 3 nguyn t
trn 1 hng, nhn xt im ging nhau, rt ra kt
lun g?
- Yu cu HS vit cu hnh ca 3 nguyn t trn 1
ct, nhn xt, kt lun
S lc v s pht minh ra bng tun hon
I. Nguyn tc sp xp cc nguyn t trong

bng tun hon
- Cc nguyn t c xp theo chiu tng dn

ca in tch ht nhn nguyn t.
- Cc nguyn t m nguyn t c cng s lp

electron trong nguyn t c xp thnh mt
hng.
- Cc nguyn t m nguyn t c cng s electron ha
tr trong nguyn t c sp xp thnh mt ct.
* Electron ha tr l nhng electron c kh nng
- GV thng tin v electron ho tr
tham gia hnh thnh lin kt ha hc (e lp ngoi
cng hoc phn lp k ngoi cng cha bo ho)
Hot ng 3. Nguyn tc sp xp cc nguyn t II. Cu to bng tun hon
trong bng tun hon
- GV thng tin v nguyn t, s hiu nguyn t
1. nguyn t:
- GV v d mt nguyn t, yu cu HS cho bit - Mi nguyn t ha hc c xp vo mt ca
nguyn t cho bit nhng thng tin g? Vd: bng gi l nguyn t.
nguyn t Na, yu cu HS xc nh cc thng tin
- S th t ca nguyn t ng bng s hiu
- Yu cu mt s HS khc xc nh thng tin ca nguyn t ca nguyn t .
mt s nguyn t trong bng tun hon
S hiu nguyn
11
t
22,989
K hiu ha
0,9
hc
Tn nguyn
3
t
Natri
3s1
S oxi ha [Ne]+1
Na
Nguyn t
khi
Trung
bnh
m
in
Cu
electron
hnh
2. Chu k:
GV: Cc nguyn t c chung c im g c xp a. nh ngha
35
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
vo mt hng?
HS: Cng s lp electron
GV: Vy chu k l g?
- HS tr li
- GV gii thiu bng tun hon, yu cu HS quan
st, cho bit s nguyn t trong mi chu k
- GV: Cc em c nhn xt g v s lp e vi s th
t chu k?
- HS tr li
Chu k l dy cc nguyn t m nguyn t

ca chng c cng s lp electron, c sp xp
theo chiu in tch ht nhn tng dn.
b. Gii thiu cc chu k:
- Chu k 1: gm 2 nguyn t H(Z=1) n He(Z=2)
- Chu k 2: gm 8 nguyn t Li(Z=3) n Ne(Z=18)
- Chu k 3: gm 8 nguyn t Na(Z=11) n Ar(Z=18)
- Chu k 4: gm 18 nguyn t K(Z=19) n Kr(Z=36)
- Chu k 5: gm 18 nguyn t Rb(Z=37) n Xe(Z=54)
- Chu k 6: gm 32 nguyn t Cs(Z=55) n Rn(Z=86)
- Chu k 7: Bt u t nguyn t Fr(Z=87), y l mt chu
k cha y .
- GV thng tin v phn loi chu k
c. Phn loi chu k
- Ta c nhn xt g v chu k, v nguyn t u v - Chu k 1, ,2, 3 l cc chu k nh.
cui chu k?
- Chu k 4, 5, 6, 7 l cc chu k ln.
- GV thng tin v h Lantan v Actini
Nhn xt :
- Cc nguyn t trong cng chu k c s lp
electron bng nhau v bng STT ca chu k.
- M u chu k l kim lai kim, gn cui chu k
l halogen (tr CK 1); cui chu k l kh him.
- Di bng c 2 h nguyn t: Lantan v Actini.
4. Cng c
- Vit cu hnh e ca nguyn t ca nguyn t c s th t 8, 17, 20, cho bit nguyn t
thuc chu k no?
5. Dn d:
- Hc bi v lm cc bi tp 1, 2, 3, 4 Sgk/35
- c trc phn nhm nguyn t
VI. Rt kinh nghim
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------36
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ngy son: 06/09/2014

Ngy dy: /09/2014
Tit 15: BNG TUN HON CC NGUYN T HO HC (tit 2)
I. MC TIU BI HC
1. Kin thc
Hc sinh bit: Cu to ca bng tun hon: Nhm nguyn t (nhm A, nhm B).
2. K nng
T v tr trong bng tun hon ca nguyn t (, nhm, chu k) suy ra cu hnh electron v
ngc li.
III. CHUN B
*Gio vin: gio n, bng tun hon
IV. TIN TRNH BI DY
2. Kim tra bi c
- Nguyn tc sp xp bng tun hon? nguyn t cho ta bit iu g?
- Vit cu hnh electron nguyn t; xc nh v tr ca nguyn t c STT l 3, 12, 17, 20?
3. Bi mi
Ni dung bi hc
Hot ng1. Nhm nguyn t
3. Nhm nguyn t
- GV yu cu hc sinh nhc li e ho tr l nhng a. nh ngha : Nhm l tp hp cc nguyn t
e nh th no? Da vo bi c nhn xt im m nguyn t c cu hnh electron tng t
ging nhau v khc nhau v cu hnh ca 3 nhau, do c tnh cht ha hc gn ging
37
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
nguyn t Li, Na, K Cu hnh tng t nhau

c xp vo cng mt nhm, vy nhm l g?
- HS tr li
- GV yu cu HS xem BTH, yu cu HS cho bit
trong bng tun hon:
+ C tt c bao nhiu nhm
+ C tt c bao nhiu ct
+ C bao nhiu loi nhm
+ C bao nhiu nhm A, bao nhiu nhm B
- GV yu cu HS quan st cu hnh e ca chu k
I, II, VII, VIII v cho bit:
+ Nhm A gm nhng nguyn t thuc h no?
+ Nguyn t s thuc nhm no, nguyn t p
thuc nhm no?
+ Mi lin h gia cu hnh e v s TT nhm?
- HS xc nh nhm ca cc nguyn t trong bi
c
- Tng t vi nhm B
xc nh nhm ca nguyn t phi da
vo s e ho tr v h ca nguyn t
- GV yu cu hs vit cu hnh e nguyn t ca
cc nguyn t c STT 27, 28 v xc nh nhm
Da vo cu hnh e nguyn t, c th xc
nh c v tr nguyn t trong bng tun hon
(Gm: Th t nguyn t, chu k, nhm)
- VD: Vit cu hnh e nguyn t Cl (Z=35) v Fe
(Z=26), xc nh v tr trong BTH?
nhau, sp xp thnh mt ct.

b. Phn loi: Gm 8 nhm A v 8 nhm B
- Nhm A: gm 8 nhm t IA VIIIA (Mi

nhm 1 ct)
+ Nguyn t s: Nhm IA (nhm kim loi kim,
tr H) v nhm IIA (kim loi kim th)
+ Nguyn t p: Nhm IIIA n VIIIA (tr He)
+ STT nhm = S e lp ngoi cng = S e ho tr
- Nhm B: gm 8 nhm t IB VIIIB (Mi
nhm l mt ct, ring nhm VIIIB c 3 ct).
+ Nguyn t d
+ Nguyn t f: Thuc 2 hng cui bng
+ S TT nhm = S e ho tr
*Ngoi l: S e ho tr = 9,10 thuc nhm VIIIB
4. Cng c
- Khi cc nguyn t s gm cc nhm no?
- Khi cc nguyn t p gm cc nhm no?
- Khi cc nguyn t d gm cc nhm no?
- Khi cc nguyn t f gm cc nhm no?
- Nguyn t ca mt nguyn t c cu hnh e l: 1s 22s22p63s23p64s1 nm v tr no trong
bng tun hon?
5. Dn d
Lm cc bi tp 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 Sgk/35
Hc bi, chun b bi mi
38
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
V. Rt kinh nghim
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ngy son: 06/09/2014

Ngy dy: //2014
Tit 16: S BIN I TUN HON CU HNH ELECTRON NGUYN T
CA CC NGUYN T HO HC
I. MC TIU BI HC
1. Kin thc
Hc sinh bit:
- Cu hnh electron nguyn t ca cc nguyn t ha hc c s bin i tun hon
- S electron lp ngoi cng quyt nh tnh cht ha hc ca cc nguyn ti thuc nhm A
2. K nng
- Nhn vo v tr ca nguyn t trong mt nhm A suy ra c s electron ha tr ca n. T
d on tnh cht ca nguyn t.
- Da vo cu hnh electron, xc nh nguyn t s, p.
- Gii thch s bin i tun hon tnh cht cc nguyn t
II. TRNG TM
c im cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng ca nguyn t cc nguyn t nhm A
- Trong mt chu k.
- Trong mt nhm A.
IV. CHUN B
V. TIN TRNH BI DY
39
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2. Kim tra bi c: Vit cu hnh e ca 8O, 13Al, 15P. Xc nh v tr cc nguyn t trong

bng tun hon?
3. Bi mi
HOT NG CA GIO VIN V HC SINH
NI DUNG BI HC
Hot ng 1. S bin i tun hon cu hnh electron I. S bin i tun hon cu hnh electron
nguyn t cc nguyn t ho hc
nguyn t cc nguyn t ho hc
- GV yu cu HS quan st cu hnh electron nguyn - Cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng ca
t ca cc nguyn t trong chu k 2, 3, 4 v nhn xt nguyn t cc nguyn t trong cng mt
v s electron lp ngoi cng ca nguyn t cc nhm A c lp i lp li sau mi chu k.
nguyn t trong nhm A?
=> ta ni chng bin i mt cch tun
Yu cu tr li: Xt cu hnh electron nguyn t ca hon.
cc nguyn t thuc cc nhm A qua cc chu k, ta - S bin i tun hon v cu hnh electron
thy s electron lp ngoi cng ca cc nguyn t lp ngoi cng ca nguyn t cc nguyn t
c lp i lp li, ta ni rng chng bin i mt khi in tch ht nhn tng dn chnh l
cch tun hon
nguyn nhn ca s bin i tun hon v
tnh cht ca cc nguyn t.
Hot ng 2. Cu hnh electron nguyn t ca cc II. Cu hnh electron nguyn t ca cc
nguyn t nhm A
nguyn t nhm A.
GV v HS da vo bng 5 Sgk, cng tho lun theo cc 1. Cu hnh electron ngoi cng ca
cu hi sau:
nguyn t cc nguyn t nhm A.
- Nhn xt v s electron lp ngoi cng ca nguyn - Cc nguyn t thuc cng 1 nhm A c
t cc nguyn t trong cng mt nhm A?
cng s e lp ngoi cng (s e ho tr) l
L nguyn nhn ca s ging nhau v tnh cht nguyn nhn ca s ging nhau v tnh cht
ho hc ca cc nguyn t ho hc
ho hc ca cc nguyn t nhm A.
S TT ca nhm = S e lp ngoi cng =
S e ho tr
-Nguyn t s thuc nhm IA,IIA.
-Nguyn t p thuc nhm IIIAVIIIA.
- Nhm no cha nguyn t s, p?
Hot ng 3: Mt s nhm A tiu biu
2.Mt s nhm A tiu biu.
- Nhm VIIIA gm nhng nguyn t no? c im a.Nhm VIIIA (Nhm kh him)
lp e ngoi cng?
- Gm cc nguyn t: He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe,
a ra cng thc cu hnh chung
Rn
- V cu hnh e nguyn t bn nn kh him hu nh - Cu hnh e lp ngoi cng chung: ns2np6
khng tham gia phn ng ho hc v tn ti trng (Tr He)
thi nguyn t
- Hu ht cc kh him khng tham gia
phn ng ho hc, tn ti dng kh, phn
t ch 1 nguyn t
- Nhm IA gm nhng nguyn t no? c im lp b.Nhm IA (Nhm Kim Loi kim)
40
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- Gm cc nguyn t: Li, Na, K, Rb,Cs, Fr*

- Cu hnh e lp ngoi cng chung: ns 1 (D
nhng 1 e t cu trc bn vng ca
kh him)
- Tnh cht ho hc:
+ T/d vi oxi to oxt baz
+ T/d vi Phi kim to mui
+ T/d vi nuc to hiroxt +H2
- Nhm VIIA gm nhng nguyn t no? c im c. Nhm VIIA (Nhm Halogen)
- Gm cc nguyn t: F, Cl, Br, I, At*
lp e ngoi cng?
- Cu hnh e lp ngoi cng chung: ns 2 np5
- Lp e ngoi cng c 7e d cho hay nhn e?
(D nhn 1 e t cu trc bn vng ca
D nhn e nn th hin tnh phi kim (mnh)
- Cc nguyn t nhm VIIA c nhng tnh cht ho kh him)
-Tnh cht ho hc:
hc no? V d?
+ T/d vi oxi to oxit axit
+ T/d vi kim loi to mui
+ T/d vi H2 to hp cht kh.
e ngoi cng?
- Lp e ngoi cng c 1e d cho hay nhn e?
D cho e nn th hin tnh kim loi(mnh)
- Cc nguyn t nhm IA c nhng tnh cht ho hc
no? V d
4. Cng c
5. Dn d
-V nh lm bi tp 1-7 trang 41
-Chun b: BI 9: S BIN I TUN HON TNH CHT CA CC NGUYN T
HO HC. NH LUT TUN HON.
VI. Rt kinh nghim
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
41
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Ngy son: 21/09/2014

Ngy dy: //2014
Tit 17: BI 9: S BIN I TUN HON TNH CHT CA CC NGUYN T HO HC
NH LUT TUN HON (tit 1)
I. MC TIU BI HC
1. Kin thc
- Bit c s bin i m in ca mt s nguyn t trong mt chu k, trong nhm A.
- Hiu c quy lut bin i tnh kim loi, tnh phi kim ca cc nguyn t trong mt chu k, trong
nhm A
2. K nng
Da vo qui lut chung, suy on c s bin thin tnh cht c bn trong chu k (nhm A) c th,
th d s bin thin v:
+ m in, bn knh nguyn t.
+ Tnh cht kim loi, phi kim.
II. TRNG TM
- Khi nim tnh kim loi, tnh phi kim, m in.
- Quy lut bin i bn knh nguyn t, m in, tnh kim loi, tnh phi kim cc nguyn t trong
mt chu k, trong nhm A .
(Gii hn nhm A thuc hai chu k 2, 3).
Din ging pht vn- trc quan.
IV. CHUN B
*Gio vin: Bng tun hon
*Hc sinh: Hc bi, lm bi, chun b bi mi trc khi n lp.
V. TIN TRNH BI DY
2. Kim tra bi c
42
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Vit cu hnh e nguyn t ca cc nguyn t, xc nh v tr cc nguyn t trong bng tun hon?

a) Li(Z=3); Na(Z=11); K(Z=19)
b) Si(Z=14); P(Z=15); S(Z=16)
3. Bi mi
Nhn xt v cu hnh electron nguyn t ca cc nguyn t Li, Na, K v Si, P, S?
Nguyn t ca cc nguyn t Li, Na, K u c 1e lp ngoi cng nn c tnh cht tng t nhau; Cc
nguyn t Si, P, S c cng s lp e, khc nhau v s e lp ngoi cng. Khi s lp e hay s e lp ngoi
cng khc nhau th c lin quan g n tnh cht ca cc nguyn t ho hc hay khng, by gi chng ta
hy cng tm hiu
NI DUNG BI HC
Hot ng 1: Tnh kim loi, tnh phi kim
I/ Tnh kim loi, tnh phi kim
GV: Da vo bi kim tra bi c, trong cc nguyn t 1/ Tnh kim loi phi kim
trn, nguyn t no l kim loi? V sao?
a. Tnh kim loi
HS: Li, Na, K; Nguyn t c 1e lp ngoi cng D - Tnh KL l tnh cht ca mt nguyn t m nguyn
nhng 1e
t d nhng e tr thnh ion dng.
GV: Nguyn t trung ho v in m electron mang in
- Nguyn t cng d nhng e tnh KL cng mnh
tch g? Khi nhng e i th nguyn t tr thnh ion thiu
i in tch m, do n tr thnh ion dng? Vy tnh
kim loi c c trng bng kh nng nhng e ca
nguyn t Tnh kim loi l g?
- HS tr li
- GV kt lun v tnh kim loi Nguyn t cng d
nhng e th tnh kim loi cng mnh
- GV: Da vo bi kim tra bi c, trong cc nguyn t
b. Tnh phi kim:
trn, nguyn t no l phi kim? V sao?
- Tnh PK l tnh cht ca mt nguyn t m nguyn
- HS: S: Nguyn t c 6e lp ngoi cng D nhn
t d nhn thm e tr thnh ion m.
thm 2e
- Nguyn t cng d nhn e tnh PK cng mnh.
- Nhn thm e tc l nhn thm in tch m nn s tr
thnh ion m c trng ca tnh PK l kh nng nhn
e Tnh phi kim l g?
- Nguyn t cng d nhn e tnh PK cng mnh.
- GV kt lun tnh phi kim Bng tun hon phn bit
ranh gii kim loi v phi kim
Hot ng 2: S bin i tnh kim loi, tnh phi kim
2. S bin i tnh kim loi phi kim
GVyu cu HS quan st bng bin thin bn knh nguyn a. Trong mt chu k: Trong mi chu k theo chiu
t trong BTH Nhn xt v bn knh nguyn t, in tng dn ca in tch ht nhn, tnh KL ca cc
tch ht nhn ca cc nguyn t trong mt chu k?
nguyn t yu dn, ng thi tnh PK mnh dn.
GV: So snh bn knh, in tch ht nhn nguyn t ca Gii thch: Trong 1 chu k khi i t tri sang phi: Z+
Na v Mg?
tng dn nhng s lp e khng i lc ht gia
HS: Bn knh nguyn t Na ln hn Mg, in tch ht ht nhn vi e ngoi cng tng bn knh gim
nhn nguyn t Na nh hn Mg
kh nng nhng e gim( Tnh KL yu dn) kh
43
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- Bn knh nguyn t Na ln hn Mg m in tch ht nng nhn thm e tng dn => tnh PK mnh dn
nhn nh hn nn e lp ngoi cng ca nguyn t Mg Nhm IA IIA IIIA IVA VA VIA VIIA
lin kt vi ht nhn cht ch hn, do nguyn t Na d
Na Mg
Al
Si
P
S
Cl
Kl
Kl
Kl
Pk Pk
Pk
Pk
nhng e hn Mg. Vy tnh kim loi ca nguyn t no
Tnh in mnh TB yu TB mnh in
mnh hn?
Cht hnh
hnh
- HS: Na
- GV so snh tng t vi cc nguyn t ng sau
Kim loi
Phi kim
Trong mt chu k, theo chiu tng ca in tch ht
nhn, tnh kim loi v phi kim bin i nh th no?
b/ Trong mt nhm A : Trong mt nhm A, theo
chiu tng dn ca in tch ht nhn, tnh KL ca
cc nguyn t tng dn, ng thi tnh PK gim dn.
Gii thch: Trong 1 nhm A khi i t trn xung : Z+
tng dn v s lp e cng tng bn knh nguyn t
tng v chim u th hn kh nng nhng e tng
tnh kim loi tng v kh nng nhn e gim =>
tnh PK gim.
S bin i ny lp i lp li trong cc chu k v cc *Kt lun
nhm; C th kt lun g v tnh kim loi v phi kim Tnh KL-PK bin i tun hon theo chiu tng dn
ca in tch ht nhn.
trong BTH?
- GV yu cu HS quan st bng bn knh nguyn t trong
BTHNhn xt v bn knh nguyn t, in tch ht
nhn ca cc nguyn t trong mt nhm?
- GV: Bn knh nguyn t tng, in tch ht nhn tng
nhng bn knh nguyn t u th hn Kh nng
nhng e tng nn tnh KL mnh, tnh PK th ngc li
Trong 1 nhm, tnh KL v PK bin i nh th no?
V d: Da vo BTH xp cc nguyn t sau theo chiu

tnh phi kim mnh dn: C, F, O, N
Hot ng 3: m in
- m in l g?
- Trnh chiu bng m in cc nguyn t
- m in bin i nh th no trong mt chu k,
nhm?
- m in v tnh phi kim c lin quan nh th no vi
nhau?
Kt lun
3. m in
a. Khi nim
m in ca mt nguyn t c trng cho kh
nng ht electron ca nguyn t khi hnh thnh
lin kt ha hc.
b. S bin i m in cc nguyn t.
- Trong mt chu k, i t tri sang phi theo chiu
tng dn ca in tch ht nhn th m in tng
dn.
- Trong mt nhm A, i t trn xung theo chiu tng
dn ca in tch ht nhn th m in gim dn.
*Kt lun: Vy m in ca cc nguyn t bin
i tun hon theo chiu tng dn ca Z+.
4. Cng c
- S bin thin tnh kim loi phi kim trong chu k, nhm
- Sp xp cc nguyn t sau theo chiu tng ca tnh kim loi: Al; Li, Mg; Na
5. Dn d
44
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- V nh lm bi tp 1- 11 SgK trang 47 48
- Chun b phn cn li ca bi 9
VI. RT KINH NGHIM
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ngy son: 21/09/2014

Ngy dy: //2014
Tit 18: BI 9: S BIN I TUN HON TNH CHT CA CC NGUYN T HO HC
NH LUT TUN HON (tit 2)
I. MC TIU BI HC
1. Kin thc
- Hiu c s bin i ho tr cao nht vi oxi v ho tr vi hiro ca cc nguyn t trong mt chu k.
- Bit c s bin i tnh axit, baz ca cc oxit v hiroxit trong mt chu k, trong mt nhm A.
- Hiu c ni dung nh lut tun hon.
2. K nng
Da vo qui lut chung, suy on c s bin thin tnh cht c bn trong chu k (nhm A) c th,
th d s bin thin v:
+ Ho tr cao nht ca nguyn t vi oxi v vi hiro.
+ Cng thc ho hc v tnh axit, baz ca cc oxit v hiroxit tng ng.
II. TRNG TM
- Quy lut bin i ho tr cao nht vi oxi v ho tr vi hiro ca mt s nguyn t trong mt chu
k, trong nhm A .
(Gii hn nhm A thuc hai chu k 2, 3).
- nh lut tun hon
IV. CHUN B
*Hc sinh: Hc bi c, lm bi tp, chun b bi mi trc khi n lp.
V. TIN TRNH BI DY
2. Kim tra bi c
45
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Vit cu hnh e nguyn t v sp xp cc nguyn t ho hc sau theo chiu tnh phi kim gim dn v
gii thch: Al(Z=13), P(Z=15), Na(Z=11), Cl(Z=17)?
3. Bi mi
NI DUNG BI HC
Hot ng 1: Ho tr ca cc nguyn t ho hc
. Ha tr ca cc nguyn t
- HS xem bng CTHH th hin ho tr cao nht vi
Trong 1 chu k: i t tri sang phi, ha tr cao nht vi
oxi v ho tr vi hiro cc nguyn t
oxi ca cc nguyn t tng ln lt t 1 n 7, ha tr vi
- HS nhn xt v s bin i ho tr trong mt chu k hiro ca cc PK gim t 4 n 1.
- GV yu cu HS vit cng thc th hin ho tr cao
nht vi oxi v ho tr vi hiro cc nguyn t thuc
chu k 2, 3
- GV thng tin v hp cht ca kim loi kim v
kim th vi hiro
- GV nhn xt g v s nguyn t H v ho tr cao
nht ca nguyn t?
- S bin i ny c lp i lp li sau mi chu k,
IA IIA IIIA IVA VA VIA VIIA
ta c kt lun g?
Hcht
- HS tr li
oxit cao R2O RO R2O3 RO2 R2O5 RO3 R2O7
- GV kt lun
nht
Hc kh
vi
RH4 RH3 H2R HR
Hiro
*Kt lun: Ha tr cao nht ca mt nguyn t vi oxi, ha
tr vi hiro bin i tun hon theo chiu tng ca in
tch ht nhn
Hot ng 2. S bin i tnh axit - baz ca oxit . Oxit v hiroxit ca cc nguyn t nhm A
v hiroxit
- Trong 1 chu k: t tri sang phi theo chiu tng dn ca
- GV gii thiu bng tnh axit- baz ca cc hp cht in tch ht nhn, tnh baz ca oxit v hiroxit tng ng
oxit v hiroxit trong mt chu k
gim dn, ng thi tnh axit ca chng tng dn.
Na2O
MgO
Al2O3
SiO2
P2O5
SO3
Cl2O7
- HS nhn xt s bin i tnh axit- baz ca cc hp
Oxit
Oxit
Oxit
Oxit
Oxit
Oxit
Oxit
cht
Oxit
baz
Baz
l/tnh
axit
axit
axit
axit
- GV kt lun
NaOH
HClO4
Mg(OH)2 Al(OH)3 H2SiO3 H3PO4 H2SO4
Baz
Axit
+ Kim loi mnh th tnh baz ca hp cht s mnh,
Baz
Hidroxit
Axit
Axit
Axit
mnh
rt
phi kim mnh th tnh axit ca hp cht mnh
yu
lng tnh
yu
TB
mnh
Hidroxit
kim
mnh
Baz
Axit
- Trong 1 nhm A : i t trn xung, theo chiu tng dn

+ Tnh axit v baz ca cc hp cht trong mt nhm in tch ht nhn : tnh baz ca cc oxit v hidroxit tng,
tnh axit gim dn.
A bin thin nh th no?
+ HS tr li
+ GV kt lun, ly mt s vd HS so snh
46
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Hot ng 3. nh lut tun hon

- Cu hnh electron, bn knh nguyn t, m in,
tnh kim loi, tnh phi kim ca cc nguyn t, tnh
axit, tnh baz ca cc hp cht cc nguyn t bin
i nh th no trong bng tun hon?
- T nhng s bin thin , Pauling a ra nh
lut tun hon, nh c nh lut ny, Meneleep
d on mt s nguyn t cha c tm ra
- HS nu ni dung nh lut
V. nh lut tun hon

nh lut tun hon:
Tnh cht ca cc nguyn t v n cht, cng nh thnh
phn v tnh cht ca cc hp cht to nn t cc nguyn
t bin i tun hon theo chiu tng ca in tch ht
nhn nguyn t
4. Cng c
Nguyn t R c cng thc oxit cao nht l RO 2, hp cht vi hiro ca R cha 75% khi lng R.
R l nguyn t no?
5. Dn d
- Hc bi v lm bi tp 12 Sgk
- Son bi: ngha bng tun hon
VI. RT KINH NGHIM
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
47
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ngy son: 21/09/2014

Ngy dy: //2014
Tit 19: BI 10: NGHA BNG TUN HON CC NGUYN T HO HC
I. MC TIU BI HC
1. Kin thc
HS hiu: Mi quan h gia v tr cc nguyn t trong bng tun hon vi cu to nguyn t v tnh
cht c bn ca nguyn t v ngc li.
2. K nng
T v tr nguyn t trong bng tun hon cc nguyn t, suy ra:
- Cu hnh electron nguyn t
- Tnh cht ho hc c bn ca nguyn t .
- So snh tnh kim loi, phi kim ca nguyn t vi cc nguyn t ln cn.
II. TRNG TM
Mi quan h gia v tr cc nguyn t trong bng tun hon vi cu to nguyn t v tnh cht c
bn ca nguyn t.
IV. CHUN B
*Hc sinh: Hc bi c, lm bi tp, chun b bi mi trc khi n lp.
V. TIN TRNH BI DY
2. Kim tra bi c
Vit cu hnh e nguyn t, xc nh v tr v vit cng thc oxit cao nht, hp cht kh vi hiro ca
cc nguyn t: S(Z=16); Cl(Z=17); P(Z=15); Si(Z=14)?
3.Bi mi
NI DUNG KIN THC
48
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Hot ng 1: Mi quan h gia v tr nguyn t v

cu to nguyn t ca n
- GV nu th d 1
- Mt HS ln bng, HS khc nhn xt
- Vy, khi bit v tr ca nguyn t trong BTH ta c
th bit c nhng g?
- HS tr li
I. Quan h gia v tr nguyn t v cu to nguyn

t ca n
Th d 1: Nguyn t c STT 17, chu k 3, nhm
VIIA. Hy cho bit:
- S proton, s electron trong nguyn t?
- S lp electron trong nguyn t?
- S eletron lp ngoi cng trong nguyn t?
Tr li:
- Nguyn t c 17p, 17e
- Nguyn t c 3 lp e
- S e lp ngoi cng l 7
- l nguyn t Cl
- GV nu th d 2, yu cu HS thc hin
Th d 2: Cu hnh electron nguyn t ca mt
nguyn t l: 1s22s22p63s23p64s1. Hy cho bit v tr
ca nguyn t trong bng tun hon?
Tr li:
- nguyn t th 19 v c 19e(=19p)
- Chu k 4 v c 4 lp e
- Nhm IA v c 1e lp ngoi cng
- l Kali
- Vy khi bit cu to nguyn t th ta bit c iu Kt lun: Bit v tr ca mt nguyn t trong bng
g?
tun hon, c th suy ra cu to ca nguyn t v
- HS tr li
ngc li.
- GV: Qua 2 th d trn, hy cho bit mi lin h gia - S th t ca nguyn t S proton, s electron
v tr nguyn t v cu to nguyn t ca nguyn t - S th t ca chu k S lp electron.
?
- S th t ca nhm A S electron lp ngoi
- HS tr li
cng.
- GV kt lun
Hot ng 2. Mi quan h gia v tr v tnh cht II. Quan h gia v tr v tnh cht ca nguyn t
ca nguyn t
- Nguyn t cc nguyn t nhm IA, IIA, IIIA (tr
Bit v tr mt nguyn t trong bng tun hon, ta
H, B) c bao nhiu e lp ngoi cng?
c th suy ra nhng tnh cht ha hc c bn ca n:
- HS tr li
- Tnh kim loi, tnh phi kim:
- Cc nguyn t ny c xu hng cho hay nhn e? + Cc nguyn t cc nhm IA, IIA, IIIA (tr H v
Th hin tnh cht g?
B) c tnh kim loi.
- HS tr li
+ Cc nguyn t cc nhm VA, VIA, VIIA (tr
- Tng t vi cc nguyn t nhm VA, VIA, VIIA antimon, bitmut v poloni) c tnh phi kim.
(Tr antimon, bitmut v poloni) c tnh phi kim.
Vd: Bit S 16 trong bng tun hon. Cho bit
nhng tnh cht c bn ca n?
- S nhm VIA, chu k 3, l phi kim
49
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- Ho tr cao nht ca cc nguyn t vi oxi l 6 v

ho tr vi hiro l 2
- Cng thc oxit cao nht SO 3, hp cht kh vi hiro
H2S
- Hp cht hiroxit ca cc nguyn t: H2SO4
GV: Bit v tr ca nguyn t trong bng tun hon ta
c th bit c nhng tnh cht no ca nguyn t ?
Kt lun
Hot ng 3. So snh tnh cht ca mt nguyn t
vi cc nguyn t ln cn:
GV u cu HS nhc li v cc quy lut bin i:
- Trong mi chu k : chiu tng dn Z+ : tnh KL
gim dn, tnh PK tng dn.
- Trong mt nhm A : chiu tng dn Z+, tnh KL
tng dn, tnh PK gim dn.
- Tnh kim loi v phi kim tng ng vi tnh baz
v tnh axit ca oxit v hidroxit
Ly mt s v d
- Ha tr cao nht ca nguyn t trong hp cht vi

oxi, ha tr ca nguyn t trong hp cht vi hiro.
- Cng thc oxit cao nht.
- Cng thc hp cht kh vi hiro (nu c)
- Cng thc hiroxit tng ng (nu c) v tnh axit
hay baz ca chng.
III. So snh tnh cht ha hc ca mt nguyn t

vi cc nguyn t ln cn:
Da vo qui lut bin i tnh cht ca cc nguyn
t trong bng tun hon c th so snh tnh cht ha
hc ca mt nguyn t vi cc nguyn t ln cn.
Vd : So snh: P(Z=15) vi Si(Z=14) v S(Z=16)
O(Z=8) vi F(Z=9) v S(Z=16)
- Si, P, S thuc cng mt chu k => theo chiu tng
ca Z => tnh PK tng dn Si < P < S
- Tnh phi kim: O < F
O>S
=> theo chiu tng dn tnh phi kim S < O < F
4. Cng c
Cu 1: Nguyn t ca mt nguyn t c cu hnh e lp ngoi cng l 3s 23p4. Hy xc nh v tr v
tnh cht ho hc c bn ca nguyn t ?
Cu 2: Mt nguyn nm chu k 3, nhm IIIA ca BTH. Hy xc nh cu to nguyn t ca
nguyn t ?
5. Dn d
- Hc bi, lm bi tp Sgk
- n tp chng II
VI. RT KINH NGHIM
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
50
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Ngy son: 28/09/2014

Ngy dy: //2014
Tit 20: BI 11: LUYN TP
BNG TUN HON, S BIN I TUN HON CU HNH ELECTRON NGUYN T V
TNH CHT CA CC NGUYN T HO HC (tit 1)
I. MC TIU BI HC
1. Kin thc: Cng c kin thc v:
- Bng tun hon
- S bin i tun hon cu hnh electron nguyn t
- S bin i tun hon tnh cht (Tnh kim loi, phi kim, m in, bn knh nguyn t) ca
nguyn t v tnh axit, baz ca hp cht
- nh lut tun hon
2. K nng: H thng ho kin thc
II. PHNG PHP GING DY: m thoi, pht vn
III. CHUN B
*Gio vin: Gio n, cu hi trc nghim
IV. TIN TRNH BI DY
2. Bi mi
NI DUNG BI HC
Hot ng 1: Cng c kin thc v cu to BTH
A. KIN THC CN NM VNG
GV pht vn vi HS tr li mt s cu hi sau:
1.Cu to bng tun hon
- Cc nguyn t ho hc c xp vo BTH theo nhng a. Nguyn tc sp xp cc nguyn t trong
nguyn tc no?
BTH: 3 nguyn tc:
- Hng v ct tng ng vi thnh phn no trong BTH?
- Cc nguyn t c sp xp theo chiu tng
dn ca in tch ht nhn nguyn t.
51
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- Cc nguyn t c cng s lp e trong nguyn

t c xp thnh 1 hng (chu k)
- Cc ngyn t c s e ho tr trong nguyn t
nh nhau c xp thnh 1 ct (Nhm).
- nguyn t cho ta bit nhng thng tin no?
b. nguyn t: Mi nguyn t c xp vo 1
- C tt c bao nhiu chu k?
gi l nguyn t
- Chu k no l chu k nh, chu k ln?
c. Chu k:
- Mi hng l 1 chu k
- C 3 chu k nh : 1,2,3
- C 4 chu k ln: 4,5,6,7
- Nhng nguyn t nm trong mt chu k c c im g?
Nguyn t cc nguyn t thuc 1 chu k c
s lp e nh nhau
- Nhng nguyn t nh th no c xp vo cng mt d. Nhm
nhm?
*Nhm A: Gm chu k nh v chu k ln, t IA
- Phn loi nhm?
VIIIA
- Nguyn t s thuc nhm no?
- Nguyn t p thuc nhm no?
- Nguyn t s thuc nhm IA, IIA
- Xc nh s th t nhm da vo u?
- Nguyn t p thuc nhm IIIA VIIIA
- Nhm B gm nhng nguyn t thuc h g?
*Nhm B: (IIIB VIIIB, IB, IIB)
- Nhng nguyn t f nm u ong BTH?
- Nguyn t d,f thuc chu k ln
- Cch xc nh STT cc nguyn t nhm B?
Hot ng 2: Cng c kin thc v s bin i tun hon 2. S bin i tun hon
GV pht vn vi hc sinh tr li mt s cu hi sau:
a. Cu hnh electron nguyn t
- S e lp ngoi cng ca nguyn t cc nguyn t bin i S e ngoi cng ca nguyn t cc nguyn t
nh th no trong mt chu k ?
mi chu k tng t 18 thuc cc nhm t
- Trong mt chu k, tnh KL v PK, bn knh nguyn t, gi IA VIIIA. Cu hnh e ca nguyn t cc
tr m in bin i nh th no ?
nguyn t bin i tun hon
H thng thnh bng
b. S bin i tun hon tnh KL, PK, Rngt,
- GV : Pht vn HS v cng thc oxit cao nht, hp cht kh gi tr A ca cc nguyn t c tm tt
vi hiro
trong bng sau:
S bin i tnh axit, baz ?
Rnguyn
KL
PK
A
t
GV yu cu HS nu nh lut tun hon
Chu k
Gim
Gim
Tng
Tng
Nhm
Tng
Tng
Gim
Gim
3. nh lut tun hon

- Tnh cht ca cc nguyn t v n cht cng
nh thnh phn v tnh cht ca cc hp cht
to nn t cc nguyn t bin i tun hon
52
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
theo chiu tng dn ca THN nguyn t.

Hot ng 3: BI TP
GV pht phiu hc tp, HS tho lun v tr li, gii thch
GV nhn xt, kt lun.
Cu 1: Tm cu sai trong nhng cu di y:
A. Trong chu k, cc nguyn t c xp theo chiu in tch
ht nhn tng dn
B. Cc nguyn t m nguyn t ca chng c s electron
ha tr bng nhau c xp thnh mt nhm.
C. Nguyn t ca cc nguyn t trong cng mt chu k c s
electron bng nhau
D. Chu k thng bt u l kim loi kim, kt thc l mt
kh him (tr chu k 1 v chu k 7 cha hon thnh)
Cu 2: Trong bng tun hon, nguyn t X c STT 16,
nguyn t X thuc:
A. Chu k 3, nhm IVA
B. Chu k 4, nhm VIA
C. Chu k 3, nhm VIA
D. Chu k 4, nhm IIIA
Cu 3: Nhn nh no sau y l ng
A. Nguyn t ca cc nguyn t trong cng mt nhm A c
cu hnh electron ging nhau
B. S th t ca nhm A cho bit s electron lp ngoi cng
trong nguyn t ca nguyn t
C. Nhm IA l nhm kim loi kim, VIIA l nhm kh him
D. Cc nguyn t nhm IA, IIA l cc nguyn t p.
Cu 4: Cc nguyn t halogen c sp xp theo chiu bn
knh nguyn t gim dn (t tri sang phi) nh sau:
A.
I, Br, Cl, F
C. F, Cl, Br, I
B. I, Br, F, Cl
D. Br, I, Cl, F
Cu 5: Cc nguyn t c sp xp theo chiu tnh kim loi
tng dn (t tri sang phi) nh sau:
A. Na, Mg, Al, Si
B. Si, Mg, Al, Na
C. Li, Na, K, Cs
D. Li, K, Na, Cs
Cu 6: Cc nguyn t c sp xp theo chiu tnh phi kim
tng dn (t tri sang phi) nh sau:
A. F, Cl, S, P
C. Cl, F, P, S
B. P, S, Cl, F
D. S, P, Cl, F
Cu 7: Hy cho bit hiroxit no sau y: NaOH, Mg(OH)2,
Cu 1: C
Cu 2: C
Cu 3: B
Cu 4: A
Cu 5: C
Cu 6: B
Cu 7: D
Cu 8: C
53
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
KOH, Al(OH)3 c tnh baz mnh nht

A. NaOH B. Mg(OH)2 C. Al(OH)3
D. KOH
Cu 8: Hy cho bit hiroxit no sau y: H 2CO3, H2SiO3,
H2SO4, H3PO4 c tnh axit mnh nht
A. H2CO3
B. H2SiO3
C. H2SO4
D. H3PO4
* Nu cn thi gian, GV sa cc bi tp trong SgK
3. Cng c
- Nguyn tc sp xp cc nguyn t trong BTH
- Cu to BTH
- S bin i tun hon cu hnh e, bn knh nguyn t, tnh cht
- nh lut tun hon
4. Dn d
- Hc bi, nm k kin thc v BTH
- Lm bi tp : 5,6,7,8,9/54 SGK
*Bi tp v nh:
Hai nguyn t A, B ng k tip nhau trong cng m t chu k trong bng tun hon c tng s ht
proton l 25.
a. Xc nh v tr 2 nguyn t A, B trong bng tun hon
b. D on tnh cht ha hc c bn ca chng
V. RT KINH NGHIM
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
54
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Tit 21: BI 11: LUYN TP

BNG TUN HON, S BIN I TUN HON CU HNH ELECTRON NGUYN T
V TNH CHT CA CC NGUYN T HO HC (tit 2)
I. MC TIU BI HC
1. Kin thc
Cng c kin thc v hp cht oxit cao nht v hp cht kh vi hiro ca cc nguyn t ho hc
2. K nng: Rn luyn k nng:
- Xc nh ho tr ca nguyn t da vo cng thc oxit cao nht v hp cht kh vi hiro
- Gii bi ton xc nh nguyn t
II. PHNG PHP GING DY: m thoi, pht vn
III. CHUN B
*Gio vin: Gio n
IV. TIN TRNH BI DY
2. Kim tra bi c: Kt hp trong bi luyn tp
3. Bi mi
NI DUNG BI HC
Hot ng 1: Bi ton tng s ht kt hp v tr
nguyn t trong BTH
BT5/54SGK: Tng s ht trong mt nguyn t ca BT5/54:
mt nguyn t thuc nhm VIIA l 28.
Tng s ht= 2Z + N = 28 N= 28 2Z (1)
a. Tnh nguyn t khi
N
Kt hp iu kin: 1 1,5 Z N 1,5Z (2)
b. Vit cu hnh electron nguyn t ca nguyn t ?
Z
- HS ln bng lm bi, HS khc nhn xt
T (1) v (2) ta c: Z 28 2 Z 1,5Z
- GV nh gi
8 Z 9,3
Nu Z=8: 1s 2 2 s 2 2 p 4 thuc nhm VIA (loi)
55
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Nu Z=9: 1s 2 2s 2 2 p 5 thuc nhm VIIA (chn)

N = 28- 2.9= 10
a) Nguyn t khi = A= 19
b) Cu hnh e: 1s 2 2 s 2 2 p 5
Hot ng 2: Bi ton xc nh nguyn t da vo
v tr trong BTH
BT9/54SGK: Khi cho 0,6 gam mt kim loi nhm IIA
tc dng vi nc to ra 0,336 lt kh hiro ktc. Xc
nh kim loi ?
HD: Kim loi Nhm IIA c ho tr II, Gi kim loi l
M v vit phng trnh ging nh mt nguyn t bnh
thng bit tm ra khi lng nguyn t v xc
nh nguyn t
HS ln bng, HS khc nhn xt
BT9/54:
S mol kh hiro to thnh:
0,336
n
0, 015mol
22, 4
Kim loi thuc nhm IIA nn c ho tr II
M + 2H2O M(OH)2 + H2
0,015
0,015 mol
Hot ng 3: Bi ton xc nh nguyn t da vo

cng thc oxit cao nht v hp cht kh vi hiro
BT7/54SGK: Oxit cao nht ca mt nguyn t l RO 3,
trong hp cht ca n vi hiro c 5,88%H v khi
lng. Xc nh nguyn t khi ca nguyn t ?
HD: Da vo cng thc oxit cao nht xc nh v tr
ca nguyn t Xc nh hp cht kh vi hiro v
gii
BT7/54:
Oxit cao nht ca R l RO3 nn R thuc nhm VIA
Do hp cht vi hiro ca R l RH2
Ta c:
=> Ca
2 M H 5,88
2
5,88
2.100 2.5,88
MR
32
M RH 2 100
M R 2 100
5,88
Vy R l lu hunh
BT8/54SGK: Hp cht kh vi hiro ca mt nguyn BT8/54:
t l RH4. Oxit cao nht ca n cha 53,3% oxi v Hp cht kh vi hiro ca R l RH4 nn R thuc
nhm IVA. Do , cng thc oxit cao nht l RO2
khi lng. Tm nguyn t khi ca nguyn t ?
c:
- HD: Da vo hp cht kh vi hiro xc nh v tr Ta
2.M O 53,3
32
53,3
32.100 32.53,3
nguyn t suy ra cng thc oxit cao nht v gii
MR
28
M
100
M
32
100
53,3
- HS ln bng, HS khc lm vo v, nhn xt GV
RO
R
nh gi
Vy nguyn t khi ca R l 28 (Si)
4. Cng c:
- Chuyn i qua li gia cng thc oxit cao nht v hp cht kh vi hiro
5. Dn d: n tp ton b chng II, chun b kim tra 1 tit
*BI TP T GII
Cu 1: Oxit cao nht ca R c dng R 2O5 . Trong hp cht kh vi hidro ca R, R chim 82,35 % v
khi lng, xc nh nguyn t R.
p s: R=14 (nit)
Cu 2: Nguyn t R chu k 3, nhm VA trong bng tun hon, hy cho bit:
a. Cu hnh electron ca R.
b. Trong oxit cao nht ca R th R chim 43,66% khi lng. Tnh s lng mi loi ht ca nguyn t R.
2
56
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
p s: R = 31 (photpho).
Cu 3: A v B l hai nguyn t cng mt nhm v thuc hai chu k lin tip trong bng tun hon.
Tng s proton trong hai ht nhn nguyn t ca A v B bng 32. Hy vit cu hnh electron ca A , B v ca
cc ion m A v B c th to thnh.
p s: A: Mg (Z=12) v B: Ca (Z=20)
V. RT KINH NGHIM
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Tit 22: T CHN (3): BNG TUN HON CC NGUYN T HA HC
I. MC CH, YU CU
- H thng ho mt s bi tp trc nghim v s bin i cu hnh electron nguyn t v tnh cht cc
nguyn t ho hc.
- T v tr suy ra cu to, tnh cht v ngc li.
- So snh tnh cht ho hc ca mt nguyn t vi cc nguyn t ln cn.
II. PHNG PHP
- m thoi, nu vn .
III. TIN TRNH BI HC
2. Bi mi
NI DUNG BI HC
Pht phiu hc tp cho HS .
Hot ng 1.
Bi 1: Cho cc nguyn t A, B, C, D ln lt c
- Gi : Da vo s lp electron xc nh.
cu hnh electron nh sau:
- GV nhn xt v kt lun.
a. 1s22s22p63s2
b. 1s22s22p63s23p64s1
c. 1s22s22p63s23p64s2
d. 1s22s22p63s23p5
Cc nguyn t no thuc cng chu k
A. a, b
B. b, d
C. b, c
D. c, d
p n: C
Bi 2: Ion R+ c cu hnh electron kt thc
Hot ng 2.
phn lp 3p6. Vy R thuc:
- Gi : Da vo cu hnh electron, s lp electron v A. Chu k 2, nhm VIA.
s electron ngoi cng xc nh.
B. Chu k 3, nhm IA.
57
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Hot ng 3.
- Gi : Da vo cu hnh electron, s lp electron v
s electron ngoi cng xc nh. Lu ion c cu
hnh bn ca kh tr khi n nhng hoc nhn
thm electron.
- Gi HS kh tr li.
Hot ng 4
- Gi : Da vo k hiu xc nh cc thng tin- so
snh vi d kin chn p n ng.
Hot ng 5
- Gi : Da vo cu hnh electron, s electron ngoi
cng xc nh.Nhc li: Tnh phi kim: Nguyn t c
5, 6, 7 e ngoi cng
Hot ng 6
C. Chu k 4, nhm IA.

D. Chu k 4, nhm VIA.
p n: Cu C
Bi 3: Nguyn t X c cu hnh electron
1s22s22p63s2 th ion to nn t X s c cu hnh
electron no sau y:
A. 1s22s22p5.
B. 1s22s22p63s2.
C. 1s22s22p6.
D. 1s22s22p63s23p6.
p n: Cu C
39
X , X c c im
Bi 4: Cho nguyn t 19
A. Nguyn t thuc chu k 4, nhm IA
B. S ntron trong nhn nguyn t X l 20
C. X l nguyn t kim loi, c cu hnh ion X + l
1s22s22p63s23p6.
D. C A, B, C u ng.
p n: Cu D.
Bi 5: Bit cu hnh electron ca cc nguyn t
X, Y, Z, T nh sau:
X. 1s22s22p63s23p64s1
Y. 1s22s22p63s1
Z. 1s22s22p63s23p4
T. 1s22s22p4
Th t tng tnh phi kim ca cc nguyn t l
trng hp no sau y:
A. X, Y, Z, T
B. X, Z, T, Y
C. Y, Z, X, T
D. T, Z, X, Y
p n: Cu a.
Bi 6: Mt nguyn t X c tng s ht cc loi
bng 115. S ht mang in nhiu hn s ht
khng mang in tch l 25. Xc nh v tr ca
X trong bng tun hon.
A. 35, chu k 3, nhm VIIA.
B. 35, chu k 4, nhm VIA.
C. 37, chu k 5, nhm IA.
D. 35, chu k 4, nhm VIIA.
p n: Cu D
Cu 7:
58
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Hot ng 7
- Gi : Da vo k hiu xc nh cc thng tin v
nhm ca R suy ra cng thc vi hiro hoc cng thc
oxit cao nht.
Hot ng 8
- Gi : Da vo cc thng tin v tng in tch ht
nhn, trong 1 chu k suy ra v tr ca X, Y trong bng
tun hon.
1. Nguyn t R c cng thc oxit cao nht l

RO2, hp cht vi hydro ca R cha 75% v khi
lng R. R l:
A. C
B. S
C. Cl
D. Si
2. Nguyn t R hp cht kh vi hydro c cng
thc RH3, cng thc ca oxit cao nht:
A. R2O
B. R2O3
C. R2O2 D. R2O5
p n: 1. A
2. D
Bi 8: Hai nguyn t X, Y ng k tip nhau
trong mt chu k thuc bng tun hon, tng
in tch ht nhn l 25. Hy xc nh v tr ca
X, Y trong bng tun hon.
A. X: Chu k 3, nhm IIA.
Y: Chu k 2, nhm IIIA
B. X: Chu k 3, nhm IIA.
Y: Chu k 3, nhm IIIA
C. X: Chu k 2, nhm IIIA.
Y: Chu k 3, nhm IIIA.
D. X : Chu k 3, nhm IA
Y : Chu k 3, nhm IIA
p n: B
Bi 9: Hai nguyn t A, B thuc cng phn
nhm chnh v thuc 2 chu k lin tip c tng
s in tch ht nhn l 16.
a. Xc nh v tr ca 2 nguyn t trn trong bng
tun hon.
b. So snh tnh cht ho hc ca chng.
Hot ng 9
- Gi : Da vo cc thng tin v tng in tch ht
nhn, trong 1 nhm suy ra v tr ca X, Y trong bng
tun hon. Da vo s electron ngoi cng xc nh
tnh cht.
3. Dn d
HS v nh lm thm cc bi tp n tp chng 2 chun b kim tra 1 tit
IV. RT KINH NGHIM

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------59
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CHNG 3: LIN KT HO HC
Tit 23: BI 12: LIN KT ION TINH TH ION
I. MC TIU BI HC
1. Kin thc
*HS bit c:
- Ion l g?
- S to thnh ion, ion n nguyn t, ion a nguyn t.
- Lin kt ion c hnh thnh nh th no
2. K nng
- Vit c cu hnh electron ca ion n nguyn t
- Xc nh ion n nguyn t, ion a nguyn t trong mt phn t cht c th.
- Vn dng: Lin kt ion nh hng nh th no n tnh cht ca cc hp cht ion
II. TRNG TM
- S hnh thnh cation, anion.
- Ion n nguyn t, ion a nguyn t.
- S hnh thnh lin kt ion.
IV. CHUN B
*Gio vin: Gio n
V. TIN TRNH BI DY
2. Kim tra bi c:
Vit cu hnh electron nguyn t c Z = 3, 12, 16, 9? Xc nh tnh cht c bn ca nguyn t?
3. Bi mi
60
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
t vn : Lin kt ho hc l s kt hp gia cc nguyn t to thnh phn t hay tinh th. Khi

to thnh lin kt ho hc, nguyn t thng c xu hng t ti cu hnh electron bn vng ca kh
him vi 8 electron lp ngoi cng (tr He). S hnh thnh lin kt nh th no, by gi chng ta s
tm hiu.
NI DUNG BI HC
Hot ng 1: S hnh thnh ion, cation, anion
I. S hnh thnh ion, cation, anion
*Mc tiu: Bit s hnh thnh cation, anion; rn luyn k nng vit cu hnh 1. Ion, cation v anion
ion, xc nh ion n nguyn t, a nguyn t
a) S to thnh ion
- GV yu cu hc sinh xc nh s e lp ngoi cng ca cc - Nguyn t trung ha v in, khi nguyn t nhng
nguyn t trong bi c? C xu hng nhn hay nhng e? V hay nhn electron, n tr thnh phn t mang in
sao?
gi l ion.
- HS tr li
- GV: Nguyn t trung ha v in, khi nguyn t nhng hay
nhn electron, n tr thnh phn t mang in gi l ion.
- GV: Vd: Li (Z=3), Li d nhng hay nhn e v to thnh ion
g?
- HS tr li
- GV: Nguyn t trung ho v in, s p mang in tch dng
bng s e mang in tch m, nn khi nguyn t nhng
electron s tr thnh phn t mang in dng gi l cation.
- HS ln bng vit qu trnh hnh thnh cation ca cc nguyn t
Mg, Na
=> Cc nguyn t kim loi , lp ngoi cng c 1, 2, 3 electron
d nhng electron to ra ion dng (1+,2+,3+)(cation)
c cu hnh electron lp v kh him bn vng
- GV kt lun, thng tin v tn gi cation
b. S to thnh cation
Th d: S hnh thnh cation ca nguyn t Li(Z=3)
(Li)
(Li+) + 1e
1s22s1
1s2
Hay: Li Li+ + 1e
- GV: Cho F(Z=9), Nguyn t F c xu hng nh th no? To

thnh ion g?
- HS tr li
- GV: Nguyn t trung ho v in, khi nguyn t nhn thm
electron s tr thnh phn t mang in m gi l anion (F )
- HS vit s hnh thnh ion ca nguyn t O, Cl, N
Cc nguyn t phi kim lp ngoi cng c 5, 6, 7 e c kh
b) S to thnh anion
Th d : S hnh thnh anion ca nguyn t F(Z=9)
Kt lun : Trong cc phn ng ho hc, t c

cu hnh bn ca kh him, nguyn t kim loi c
khuynh hng nhng e cho nguyn t cc nguyn
t khc tr thnh phn t mang in dng gi l
cation
ns1nhng 1e (n>1) Ion M+
ns2nhng 2e(n>1) Ion M2+
ns2np1nhng 3e Ion M3+
Tn cation c gi theo tn kim loi
Vd: Li+ gi l cation liti
Cu hnh e: 1s 2 2 s 2 2 p 5
F
+ 1e
F
1s22s22p5
1s22s22p6
Hay: F
+ 1e F
61
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
nng nhn thm 3, 2, 1 electron tr thnh ion m(-3,-2,-1)

(anion) c cu hnh electron lp v kh him bn vng.
Cc cation v anion c gi chung l ion :
Cation Ion dng
Anion Ion m
GV: Yu cu hc sinh gi tn cc ion to thnh phn b,c
Kt lun :Trong cc phn ng ho hc, t c

cu hnh bn ca kh him, nguyn t phi kim c
khuynh hng nhn thm e ca nguyn t cc
nguyn t khc tr thnh phn t mang in m
gi l anion
- ns2np3 nhn 3e X3- ns2np4 nhn 2e X2- ns2np5 nhn 1e XTn anion c gi theo tn gc axit (tr O2 gi
l anion oxit)
VD: F gi l anion florua
=> Cc cation v anion c gi chung l ion:
Cation Ion dng
Anion Ion m
- GV: Cc ion nh trn chng ta ni n gi l ion n nguyn 2/ Ion n nguyn t v ion m a nguyn t
t Ion n nguyn t l g?
a) Ion n nguyn t l ion to nn t 1 nguyn t
- HS tr li
Th d cation Li+, Na+, Mg2+, Al3+ v anion F, Cl,
- Vy ion a nguyn t nh th no? Vd?
S2
2+
GV kt lun, yu cu HS vit cu hnh e ca cation Fe v b) Ion a nguyn t l nhng nhm nguyn t
anion S2-, lm BT6/60 Sgk
mang in tch dng hay m. Th d: Cation
amoni NH4+, anion hidroxit OH, anion sunfat SO4 2
Hot ng 2: S hnh thnh lin kt ion
II. S to thnh lin kt ion
Mc tiu: Bit v sao cc nguyn t li lin kt vi nhau, nh ngha lin kt Xt qu trnh hnh thnh phn t NaCl
ion
Na Na+ + 1e
HS : Quan st hnh v, nhn xt:
Cl +1e Cl- Nguyn t natri nhng 1 electron cho nguyn t clo bin
1e
thnh cation Na+ , ng thi nguyn t clo nhn 1 e ca nguyn
t natri bin thnh anion Cl
Na + Cl Na+ + Cl
- C hai nguyn t u c xu hng t cu hnh bn ca kh
(2, 8, 1) (2, 8, 7) (2, 8)
(2, 8, 8)
him
+
Hai ion to thnh Na v Cl mang in tch ngc

du ht nhau bng lc ht tnh in , to nn phn t
NaCl
Na+ + Cl NaCl
N : Lin kt ion l lin kt c hnh thnh bi
- GV thng tin Lin kt gia cation natri v anion clorua gi
lc ht tnh in gia cc ion mang in tch tri
l lin kt ion. Vy lin kt ion l g?
du
- GV thng tin: Lin kt ion ch c hnh thnh gia kim loi
PTHH: 2X1e
in hnh v phi kim in hnh
2 Na
Hot ng 3. Tinh th ion
+ Cl2
2Na+Cl
III. Tinh th ion: (Sgk)

62
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- GV gii thiu cho HS v tinh th NaCl , yu cu HS c tnh

cht chung ca hp cht ion.
4. Cng c
Bi 4: trang 60 Sgk Xc nh s p , n , e trong cc nguyn t v ion sau :
40
35
56
2
+
2+
a)
, 18 Ar ,
,
17 Cl
26 Fe
1 H
40
32
2+
2
b)
,
,
20 Ca
16 S
5. Dn d
- Hc bi, lm bi tp SGK
- Chun b bi lin kt cng ho tr
VI. RT KINH NGHIM
27
13
Al3+
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Tit 24: Bi 13: LIN KT CNG HO TR (tit1)

I. MC TIU BI HC
1.Kin thc
*HS bit c
nh ngha lin kt cng ho tr, lin kt cng ho tr khng cc (H 2, O2), lin kt cng ho tr c
cc hay phn cc (HCl, CO2).
S to thnh lin kt cng ha tr trong n cht, hp cht
2. K nng
Vit c cng thc electron, cng thc cu to ca mt s phn t c th
II. TRNG TM
S to thnh v c im ca lin kt CHT khng cc, c cc.
III. PHNG PHP GING DY: m thoi, nu vn v gii quyt vn
IV. CHUN B
*Gio vin: Gio n
V. TIN TRNH BI DY
2. Kim tra bi c
- S hnh thnh lin kt ion?
- Lin kt ion thng c to nn t nhng nguyn t ca cc nguyn t no?
3. Bi mi
NI DUNG BI HC
Hot ng 1. Lin kt cng ho tr hnh thnh I. S HNH THNH LIN KT CNG HO TR
gia cc nguyn t ging nhau - S hnh thnh 1. Lin kt cng ho tr hnh thnh gia cc nguyn
n cht
t ging nhau
*Mc tiu: Bit nh ngha lin kt cng ho tr, lin kt cng ho tr khng *S hnh thnh n cht
63
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------cc, cng thc e, cng thc cu to ca mt s phn t.
a) S hnh thnh phn t hidro H2

- GV yu cu HS vit cu hnh electron ca nguyn t H H : 1s1 v He : 1s2
H cn thiu 1e th t cu hnh kh him He. Do vy 2 S hnh thnh phn t H2:
nguyn t hidro lin kt vi nhau bng cch mi nguyn
H + H H : H H H H2
t H gp 1 electron to thnh 1 cp electron chung trong
phn t H2.
*Quy c
- GV b sung 1 s quy c
- Mi chm () bn k hiu nguyn t biu din 1
electron lp ngoi cng.
- K hiu H:H c gi l cng thc electron , thay 2
chm (:) bng 1 gch (), ta c H H gi l cng thc
cu to
- Gia 2 nguyn t hidro c 1 cp electron lin kt biu
th bng () , l lin kt n
- GV Vit cu hnh electron ca nguyn t N?
b) S hnh thnh phn t N2
nguyn t N cn thiu my electron t cu hnh
N: 1s22s22p3
e ca kh him?
Ne: 1s22s22p6
- HS tr li
- GV: hnh thnh phn t, hai nguyn t N lin
kt vi nhau bng cch mi nguyn t N gp 3
electron to thnh 3 cp electron chung ca phn
t N2. Khi trong phn t N2, mi nguyn t N u
c lp ngoi cng l 8 electron ging kh him Ne
gn nht
GV yu cu 1 HS vit cng thc electron v cng
:N M+ MN: : NM
N N
MN :
thc cu to phn t N2
Cng thc electron
Cng thc cu to
* nhit thng, kh nit rt bn, km hot
*Hai nguyn t N lin kt vi nhau bng 3 cp electron
ng do c lin kt ba
lin kt biu th bng 3 gch ( ), l lin kt ba.
- GV gii thiu: Lin kt c to thnh trong phn Lin kt 3 bn hn lin kt i.
t H2, N2 va trnh by trn c gi l lin kt c) Khi nim lin kt cng ho tr
*N: Lin kt cng ho tr l lin kt c to nn
cng ho tr.
gia 2 nguyn t bng 1 hay nhiu cp electron
dng chung
- Mi cp electron chung to nn 1 lin kt cng ho tr,
nn ta c lin kt n (trong phn t H2) , lin kt ba (trong
phn t N2).
- Lin kt trong cc phn t H2 , N2 to nn t 2 nguyn
t ca cng 1 nguyn t (c m in nh nhau), do
lin kt trong cc phn t khng phn cc. l
lin kt cng ho tr khng phn cc.
64
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Hot ng 2. Lin kt cng ho tr hnh thnh gia 2. Lin kt gia cc nguyn t khc nhau
cc nguyn t khc nhau - S hnh thnh hp cht
*S hnh thnh hp cht
GV : Nguyn t H c 1e lp ngoi cng cn a) S hnh thnh phn t hidro clorua HCl
thiu 1e t cu hnh e ca He. Nguyn t Cl c *Mi nguyn t H v Cl gp 1 electron to thnh 1 cp
7e lp ngoi cng cn thiu 1e t cu hnh electron chung to thnh 1 lin kt cng ho tr
e ca kh him Ar Hy trnh by s gp chung
electron ca chng to thnh phn t HCl ?
GV: Gi tr m in ca Cl (3,16) ln hn m in
ca H (2,20) nn cp electron lin kt b lch v pha
nguyn t Cl lin kt cng ho tr ny b phn cc.
GV kt lun: lin kt cng ha tr c cc
H .Cl : H :Cl : H - Cl
CT electron
CT cu to
GV gii thch thm: Quy c t cp e chung trong Kt lun:

* Lin kt cng ho tr trong cp eletron chung b
cng thc electron ca phn t c cc.
lch v pha 1 nguyn t (c m in ln hn) gi l
lin kt cng ho tr c cc hay lin kt cng ho tr
phn cc.
GV: Vit cu hnh electron ca nguyn t C (Z = 6) *Trong cng thc electron ca phn t c cc, ngi ta
t cp electron chung lch v pha k hiu ca nguyn
v O (Z = 8) ?
GV: Hy trnh by s gp chung electron ca chng t c m in ln hn
to thnh phn t CO2 , sao cho xung quanh mi b) S hnh thnh phn t kh cacbonic CO2 (c cu
nguyn t C hoc O u c lp v 8e bn . T to thng)
C : 1s22s22p2
hy suy ra cng thc electron v cng thc cu to .
O : 1s22s22p4
Bit phn t CO2 c cu to thng
*Ta c:
HS: Tr li
GV kt lun: Theo cng thc electron, mi nguyn
t C hay O u c 8e lp ngoi cng t cu hnh
ca kh him nn phn t CO2 bn vng. Trong cng
thc cu to, phn t CO2 c 2 lin kt i. Lin kt
gia O v C l phn cc, nhng thc nghim cho
bit phn t CO2 c cu to thng nn phn t ny
khng phn cc.
..
..
..
: C : 2 : O :: O :: C :: O :
..
..
(Cng thc electron)
O = C = O
..
(Cng thc cu to)
Kt lun: Theo cng thc electron, mi nguyn t C

hay O u c 8e lp ngoi cng t cu hnh ca kh
him nn phn t CO2 bn vng.
4. Cng c: Lm bi tp 6/64 SgK

5. Dn d:
- Hc bi, lm bi tp
- Chun b phn tip theo
65
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VI. RT KINH NGHIM

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Tit 25: Bi 13: LIN KT CNG HO TR (tit2)

I. MC TIU BI HC
1. Kin thc
*HS bit:
- Mi lin h gia hiu m in ca 2 nguyn t v bn cht lin kt ho hc gia 2 nguyn t
trong hp cht.
- Tnh cht chung ca cc cht c lin kt cng ho tr.
- Quan h gia lin kt cng ho tr khng cc, lin kt cng ho tr c cc v lin kt ion.
2. K nng
D on c kiu lin kt ho hc c th c trong phn t gm 2 nguyn t khi bit hiu m
in ca chng.
II. TRNG TM
- Mi lin h gia hiu m in ca 2 nguyn t v bn cht lin kt ho hc.
- Quan h gia lin kt ion v lin kt CHT.
III. PHNG PHP GING DY: m thoi nu vn v gii quyt vn
IV. CHUN B
*Gio vin: Gio n
V. TIN TRNH BI DY
2. Kim tra bi c
Cu 1. Vit cng thc electron v cng thc cu to ca cc phn t: H2, HCl v CO2?
Cu 2. So snh s to thnh lin kt trong phn t NaCl v HCl ?
3. Bi mi
66
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Hot ng 1. Tnh cht ca cc cht c lin kt
cng ho tr
GV cho HS c SGK v t tng kt theo cc ni
dung sau:
1. K tn cc cht m phn t c lin kt cng ho tr?
2. Tnh cht ca cc cht c lin kt cng ho tr?
HS nghin cu Sgk v tr li
Hot ng 2. m in v lin kt ho hc
*Mc tiu: Bit mi quan h gia lin kt CHT c cc, khng cc
v lin kt ion; Quan h gia hiu m in v lin kt ion.
NI DUNG BI HC
3. Tnh cht ca cc cht c lin kt cng ho tr
a.Trng thi: Cc cht m phn t ch c lin kt
cng ho tr c th l:
- Cc cht rn: ng, lu hunh, iot
- Cc cht lng: nc, ru, xng, du
- Cc cht kh: kh cacbonic, kh clo, kh hidro
b.Tnh tan
- Cc cht c cc nh ru etylic, ng, tan
nhiu trong dung mi c cc nh nc
- Phn ln cc cht khng cc nh lu hunh, iot,
cc cht hu c khng cc tan trong dung mi
khng cc nh benzen , cacbon tetra clorua ,..
Ni chung cc cht c lin kt cng ho tr
khng cc khng dn in mi trng thi
III. M IN V LIN KT HO HC
1. Quan h gia lin kt cng ho tr khng cc,
lin kt cng ho tr c cc v lin kt ion
a. Trong phn t, nu cp electron chung gia 2
nguyn t lin kt ta c lin kt cng ho tr khng cc.
b. Nu cp electron chung lch v 1 nguyn t (c gi tr
m in ln hn) th l lin kt cng ho tr c cc
c. Nu cp electron chung lch hn v 1 nguyn t , ta s
c lin kt ion
GV: Yu cu HS so snh s ging nhau v khc nhau

gia lin kt cng ho tr khng cc, lin kt cng
ho tr c cc v lin kt ion?
HS: xu chui li c im ca mi loi lin kt
rt ra kt lun.
GV kt lun: S phn loi ch c tnh cht tng
i. Lin kt ion c th c coi l trng hp ring
ca lin kt cng ho tr
GV t vn : xc nh kiu lin kt trong 2. Hiu m in v lin kt ho hc
phn t hp cht, ngi ta da vo hiu m Quy c:
in. Theo thang m in ca Pau linh, ngi ta
Hiu m in
Loi lin kt
dng hiu m in phn loi 1 cch tng i
()
loi lin kt ho hc theo quy c sau:
Lin kt CHT khng cc
0 () < 0,4
GV hng dn HS vn dng bng phn loi lin kt
0,4 () < 1,7 Lin kt cng ho tr c cc
trn lm cc th d trong SGK
Lin kt ion
() 1,7
VD:
a) Trong NaCl: () = 3,16 0,93 = 2,23 > 1,7
lin kt gia Na v Cl l lin kt ion
b) Trong phn t HCl: () = 3,16 2,2 = 0,96
0,4 < () < 1,7 lin kt gia H v Cl l lin
kt cng ho tr c cc
c) Trong phn t H2 : = 2,20 2,20 = 0,0
67
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
0 < 0,4 lin kt gia H v H l lin kt

cng ho tr khng cc.
4. Cng c: Lm bi tp 2, 5/64
- Phn bit lin kt cng ho tr khng cc, lin kt cng ho tr c cc, lin kt ion
- S dng hiu m in xt tnh cht ion, cng ho tr ca 1 s hp cht, n cht
5. Dn d
- Hc bi v lm bi tp Sgk
VI. RT KINH NGHIM
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Tit 26: T CHN (4) LIN KT HA HC (Tit 1)
I. MC CH, YU CU
- Cng c khi nim ion (cation, anion), lin kt ion.
- HS bit biu din s hnh thnh lin kt ion ca mt s phn t thng gp.
II. PHNG PHP
- m thoi nu vn
III. TIN TRNH BI HC
2. Kim tra bi c:
Biu din s to thnh ion ca nguyn t cc nguyn t sau: Na, Mg, Al, P, S, Cl.
3. Bi mi
NI DUNG
Hot ng 1. S hnh thnh ion, cation, anion
I. L THUYT
- GV yu cu HS nhc li khi nim ion, cation, 1. Ion: Khi nhng hoc thu thm e, cc nguyn t
anion.
tr thnh phn t mang in gi l ion.
- HS tr li
- Thng thng nguyn t ca cc nguyn t c 1, 2,
3 e lp ngoi cng d nhng e. Nguyn t kim loi
c khuynh hng nhng e tr thnh ion dng hay
cation.
- Thng thng nguyn t ca cc nguyn t c 5, 6,
7 e lp ngoi cng d nhn e. Nguyn t phi kim c
khuynh hng thu thm e tr thnh ion m hay anion.
Hot ng 2: Lin kt ion
2. Lin kt ion
- Ti sao cc nguyn t phi lin kt vi nhau? Mc - Theo quy tc bt t th cc nguyn t ca cc
68
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ch ca lin kt lm g?
- HS tr li
- GV kt lun.
Hot ng 3. BI TP
- Pht phiu hc tp.
- HS tho lun nhm tr li, cc nhm b sung cho
nhau.
- GV nhn xt nh gi cho im.
Bi 1. a) Vit PT biu din s hnh thnh cc ion sau
y t cc nguyn t tng ng:
Na Na+ ;
Cl Cl-.
Mg Mg2+ ;
S S2Al Al3+ ;
O O2b) Vit cu hnh e ca cc nguyn t v cc ion. Nhn
xt v cu hnh e lp ngoi cng ca cc ion c to
thnh.
nguyn t c khuynh hng lin kt vi cc nguyn t

khc t c cu hnh electron bn vng ca cc
kh him vi 8 electron (hoc 2 i vi heli) lp
ngoi cng.
- Lin kt ion l lin kt c hnh thnh do lc ht
tnh in ca cc ion mang in tch tri du.
II. BI TP
Bi 1
a) Na Na+ + 1e ;
Cl + 1e ClMg Mg2+ + 2e; S +2e S2Al Al3+ + 3e;
O + 2e O2b) Cu hnh e ca cc nguyn t v ion:
2
2
6
1
11 Na: 1s 2s 2p 3s .
Na+ : 1s22s22p6.
2
2
6
2
12 Mg : 1s 2s 2p 3s .
Mg2+: 1s22s22p6
Bi 2. Biu din s to thnh lin kt ion ca: Na 2O,

Bi 2
MgO, Al2O3, K2S, MgCl2...
1e
1e
Na + O +
Na Na+ +
2Na+ + O2- Na2O
PTHH:
4.1e
4Na
+ O2
O2- +
Na+
2Na+2O2-
2e
Mg + O
PTHH:
Mg2+ +
2.2e
O2
MgO
2Mg + O2 2Mg2+O2-.
Al2O3 tng t.
Bi 3. Cho dy oxit sau: Na2O, MgO, Al2O3; SiO2; Bi 3
Na2O, MgO, Al2O3; SiO2; P2O5; SO3; Cl2O7.
P2O5; SO3; Cl2O7.
Da vo gi tr m in ca 2 nguyn t trong
2,51 2,13 1,83 1,54 1,25 0,86 0,28
phn t. Hy xc nh hiu s m in ca chng.
69
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Cho bit loi lin kt ca cc oxit.

4. Cng c
- Thng kim loi lin kt vi phi kim l lin kt ion. chnh xc v phn bit vi lin kt CHT,
ngi ta da vo hiu s m in.
5. Dn d
- HS hc bi
- n li lin kt cng ha tr
IV. RT KINH NGHIM
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Tit 27: T CHN (5) LIN KT HA HC
I. MC TIU BI HC
- Cng c nhng kin thc dy. Khc su hn cho HS hiu lin kt cng ho tr c cc, lin kt
cng ho tr khng cc. So snh c lin kt cng ho tr vi lin kt ion.
- HS vit c cng thc phn t, cng thc electron, cng thc cu to.
II. PHNG PHP
- m thoi nu vn .
III. TIN TRNH DY HC
2. Kim tra bi c: So snh lin kt CHT c cc, lin kt CHT khng cc, lin kt ion.
3. Bi mi
NI DUNG BI HC
Hot ng 1
I. L THUYT
*GV t cu hi HS ti hin bi c v tr li
- Lin kt cng ho tr l lin kt c to nn
- Th no l lin kt cng ho tr?
gia 2 nguyn t bng 1 hay nhiu cp electron
- Lin kt cng ha tr khng phn cc l g?
dng chung
-Lin kt cng ha tr phn cc l g?
- Lin kt cng ho tr trong cp eletron
chung khng b lch v pha 1 nguyn t no gi
l lin kt cng ho tr khng phn cc.
- Lin kt cng ho tr trong cp eletron
chung b lch v pha nguyn t c m in
ln hn gi l lin kt cng ho tr phn cc.
II. BI TP
70
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Hot ng 2
Pht phiu hc tp, HS tho lun nhm v trnh by
kin ca nhm.
Cu 1. Vit cng thc electron v cng thc cu to ca
cc cht sau: O2, CH4, H2S, H2O, C2H4, CS2
Cu 2. Cc hp cht sau y KCl, P2O5, BaO, AlCl3. Cu 2.
Dy cht no sau y c lin kt CHT:
p n: d
a. P2O5, KCl.
b. KCl, AlCl3, BaO.
c. BaO, P2O5, AlCl3.
d. P2O5, AlCl3.
Cu 3.
Cu 3.
Trong cc cng thc CO2, CS2 th tng s cc cp p n : b
electron t do cha tham gia lin kt.
a. 3 b. 4
c. 5
d. 6.
Cu 4. Hy cho bit cc phn t sau y, phn t c lin Cu 4.
kt phn cc nht: CaO, MgO, CH4, AlN3, N2, NaBr, p n : a
AlCl3.
a. CaO
b. NaBr
c. AlCl3
d. MgO
IV. RT KINH NGHIM

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
71
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Tit 28: Bi 15: HA TR V S OXI HA

I. MC TIU BI HC
1. Kin thc
*Hc sinh bit:
- S oxi ho ca nguyn t trong cc phn t n cht v hp cht. Nhng quy tc xc nh s oxi
ho ca nguyn t.
2. K nng: Xc nh c in ho tr, cng ha tr, s oxi ho ca nguyn t trong mt s phn t n
cht v hp cht c th.
II. TRNG TM
- in ho tr, cng ha tr ca nguyn t trong hp cht.
- S oxi ho ca nguyn t
IV. CHUN B
*Gio vin: Gio n
V. TIN TRNH BI DY
2. Bi mi
NI DUNG BI HC
Hot ng 1: Ho tr
I.HA TR
*Mc tiu: Bit in ho tr v cng ho tr
1. Ha tr trong hp cht ion
GV: Trong cc hp cht ion , ha tr ca 1 nguyn t bng in *Trong cc hp cht ion, ha tr ca 1 nguyn t
tch ca ion v c gi l in ha tr ca nguyn t
bng in tch ca ion v c gi l in ha tr
GV th d SGK, v sao?
ca nguyn t
HS: NaCl l hp cht ion c to nn t cation Na+ v anion VD: Trong hp cht NaCl , Na c in ha tr 1+
72
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cl do in ho tr ca Na l 1+ v ca Cl l 1
Tng t, CaF2 l hp cht ion c to nn t cation Ca2+ v
anion F nn in ha tr ca Ca l 2+ v ca F l 1
GV: Ngi ta quy c , khi vit in ha tr ca nguyn t, ghi
gi tr in tch trc, du ca in tch sau
GV : Em hy xc inh in ha tr ca tng nguyn t trong
mi hp cht ion sau y :
K2O, CaCl2, Al2O3, KBr
HS: K2O, CaCl2, Al2O3, KBr
in ha tr:
1+2
2+1 3+2
1+1
GV: Qua dy trn, em c nhn xt g v in ha tr ca cc
nguyn t kim loi thuc nhm IA, IIA, IIIA v cc nguyn t
phi kim thuc nhm VIA,VIIA ?
GV: Nu quy tc
GV cng thc cu to ca NH3 v phn tch:
HNH
v Cl c in ha tr 1 . Trong hp cht CaF2, Ca

c in ha tr 2+ v F c in ha tr 1
*Ngi ta quy c, khi vit in ha tr ca
nguyn t , ghi gi tr in tch trc, du ca
in tch sau
* Cc nguyn t kim loi thuc nhm IA , IIA ,

IIIA c s electron lp ngoi cng l 1, 2, 3 c
th nhng nn c in ha tr l 1+ , 2+ , 3+
*Cc nguyn t phi kim thuc nhm VIA , VIIA
nn c 6, 7 electron lp ngoi cng , c th nhn
thm 2 hay 1 electron vo lp ngoi cng , nn c
in ha tr 2 , 1
2. Ha tr trong hp cht cng ha tr
Quy tc : Trong cc hp cht cng ha tr, ha tr
ca 1 nguyn t c xc nh bng s lin kt
cng ha tr ca nguyn t nguyn t trong
phn t v c gi l cng ha tr ca nguyn t
H
GV : Nguyn t N c bao nhiu lin kt cng ha tr? Suy ra
nguyn t N c cng ha tr bng bao nhiu ?
GV : Mi nguyn t H c bao nhiu lin kt cng ha tr ?
Suy ra nguyn t H c cng ha tr bng bao nhiu ?
GV : Gi 1 HS xc nh cng thc cu to ca tng nguyn t VD: Ho tr cc nguyn t trong phn t nc v
trong phn t nc v metan ?
metan
HOH
H
HCH
H
Trong H2O : Nguyn t H c cng ha tr 1,
nguyn t O c cng ha tr 2
Trong CH4 : Nguyn t C c cng ha tr ha
tr 4 , nguyn t H c cng ha tr 1
Hot ng 2. S oxi ha
II. S OXI HA
GV khi nim: s oxi ha ca 1 nguyn t trong phn t l 1. Khi nim
in tch ca nguyn t nguyn t trong phn t, nu gi *S oxi ha ca 1 nguyn t trong phn t l in
nh rng mi lin kt trong phn t u l lin kt ion
tch ca nguyn t nguyn t trong phn t, nu
gi nh rng mi lin kt trong phn t u l lin
kt ion
GV ln lt a ra cc quy tc, sau a ra th d yu cu 2. Cc quy tc xc nh s OXH
HS xc nh
73
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HS : Ghi quy tc 1
Quy tc 1: S OXH ca cc nguyn t trong cc
Th d : Trong phn t n cht Na, Ca, Zn, Cu, H 2, Cl2, N2 n cht bng khng
th s oxi ha ca cc nguyn t u bng khng
Th d : Trong NH3 , S oxh ca H l +1
Quy tc 2: Trong hu ht cc hp cht, S OXH
ca H bng +1, tr 1 s trng hp nh hir, kim
loi (NaH, CaH2 .) . SOXH ca O bng 2 tr
trng hp OF2, peoxit (chng hn H2O2, )
Th d : S OXH ca cc nguyn t cc ion K +, Ca2+, Cl, Quy tc 3: S OXH ca cc ion n nguyn t
S2 ln lt l +1 , +2 , 1 , 2
bng in tch ca ion . Trong ion a nguyn t,
tng s S OXH ca cc nguyn t bng in tch
S OXH ca N trong ion NO3 l x
ca ion
x + 3(2) = 1 x = +5
Quy tc 4: Trong 1 phn t, tng s SOXH ca
Th d: Xc nh s oxi ho ca S trong: H2SO4; H2S; H2SO3
cc nguyn t bng 0
GV lu HS v cch vit SOXH :
*Lu : S OXH c vit bng ch s thng
du t pha trc v c t trn k hiu
nguyn t
3. Cng c: GV yu cu HS hon thnh bi tp sau:

Cng thc
N N
Cl Cl
HOH
Cng thc
NaCl
AlCl3
Cng ha tr ca
N l
Cl l
H l
O l
in ha tr ca
Na l
Cl l
Al l
Cl l
S oxi ha ca
N l
Cl l
H l
O l
S oxi ha ca
Na l
Cl l
Al l
Cl l
4. Dn d
- Bi tp v nh : 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 (SGK)
- Son bi: Luyn tp
VI. RT KINH NGHIM
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------74
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Tit 27
LUYN TP: LIN KT HO HC
Kin thc c c lin quan

-
Lin kt ion
Lin kt cng ho tr c cc
Lin kt cng ho tr khng cc
Mi quan h gia hin m in v lk ho
hc
Kin thc mi trong bi cn hnh

thnh
- Cng c kin thc v cc loi lin kt
- Vn dng gii thch s hnh thnh lin
kt trong phn t, xc nh loi lin kt
I. MC TIU:
1.Kin thc: Cng c kin
thc v lin kt ho hc:
- S hnh thnh lin kt ion
- S hnh thnh lin kt cng ho tr
2.K nng: Rn luyn k nng gii thch s hnh thnh lin kt trong phn t, xc nh loi
lin kt
3.Thi : Pht huy tnh t lc ca hc sinh
II TRNG TM:
Rn luyn k nng gii thch s hnh thnh lin kt trong phn t, xc nh loi lin kt
III.PHNG PHP GING DY: Din ging - Pht vn - Hot ng c nhn
IV. CHUN B GIO C:
*Gio vin: Phiu hc tp (5 bi tp)
*Hc sinh: n bi c
V. TIN TRNH BI DY:
75
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1.n nh lp: Kim tra s s, ng phc...

2.Kim tra bi c: Kim tra trong qu trnh luyn tp
3.Bi mi:
a. t vn : cng c kin thc hc v lin kt ho hc, chng ta s lm mt s bi
tp
b. Trin khai bi
HOT NG THY V TR
NI DUNG KIN THC
Hot ng 1:Kin thc cn nm vng
Mc tiu: Khi qut nhng kin thc cn nm v lin kt ho hc
Gv pht vn hc sinh cc kin thc: S I. Kin thc cn nm vng:
to thnh ion, lin kt ion, lin kt cng - S to thnh cation, anion
ho tr c cc, khng cc, quan h gia - Lin kt ion, s hnh thnh lin kt ion
hiu m in v lin kt ho hc
- Lin kt cng ho tr, lin kt cng ho tr c cc,
khng cc
- Mi quan h gia hiu m in v lin kt ho
hc
Hot ng 2: Vn dng
Mc tiu: Rn luyn k nng gii thch s hnh thnh lin kt trong phn t, xc nh loi lin
kt da vo m in ca nguyn t
- Gv pht phiu hc tp cho hc BT1:
sinh
Nt/Ion
S e
S p
S n
32
2
- Hs lm vic cc nhn v ghi vo

18
16
16
16 S
phiu hc tp
17 2
10
8
9
8O
- Bn hc sinh ln bng lm bi
40
18
18
22
tp 14
18 Ar
35
18
17
18
- Mt s hc sinh khc mang
17 Cl
phiu hc tp ln cho gv chm
56
3
23
26
30
26 Fe
- Hs khc theo di bi lm trn
2
0
1
1
1H
bng, nhn xt
BT2:
- Gv nh gi
Bt1: Xc nh s e, s p, s n trong S 2e S 2
cc nguyn t v ion sau:
O 2e O 2
32 2 17 2 35
26
3 40
2
Cl 1e Cl
16 S ; 8 O ; 17 Cl ; 26 Fe ; 18 Ar; 1 H
Bt2: Vit s to thnh ion ca nguyn Ca Ca 2 2e
t: 16 S ; 8 O; 17 Cl; 20 Ca; 19 K ; 13 Al
K K 1e
Bt3: Gii thch s hnh thnh lin kt Al Al 3 3e
ion trong phn t: MgO, MgCl2, Na2O Bt3:
Bt4: Gii thch s hnh thnh lin kt
cng ho tr trong phn t: H2S; CH4;
C 2 H4
Bt5: Xc nh loi lin kt trong phn
t cc hp cht sau: HF; HBr; Cl 2;
76
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NH3; NaBr; CaO
4. Cng c:
5. Dn d:
Rt kinh nghim:
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Ch nht ngy 20 thng 11 nm 2011

Tit th 26:
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77
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Th su ngy 25 thng 11 nm 2011

LUYN TP: LIN KT HO HC (tit 1)
Tit th 27:
I. MC TIU:
1.Kin thc: Cng c, h thng ho kin thc v:
- Lin kt ho hc: Lin kt ion, lin kt cng ho tr c cc, lin kt CHT khng cc
- Tinh th ion, tinh th nguyn t, tinh th phn t
- Mi lin h gia cc loi lin kt ho hc
2.K nng:
- So snh cc loi lin kt ho hc
- So snh cc loi tinh th
- Xc nh loi lin kt ho hc da vo m in
3.Thi : Tch cc, ch ng
II. TRNG TM:
- So snh cc loi lin kt ho hc
- So snh cc loi tinh th
- Xc nh loi lin kt ho hc da vo m in
III.PHNG PHP GING DY: Din ging pht vn
IV. CHUN B GIO C:
*Gio vin: Gio n
78
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
V. TIN TRNH BI DY:

2.Kim tra bi c: (8 pht)
Xc nh s oxi ho ca Cl, N trong: KClO3, Cl2, HClO3, N2, HNO3, NO2?
3.Bi mi:
a) t vn : Chng ta nghin cu v cc loi lin kt ho hc no? Nhng loi tinh th
no? By gi chng ta s so snh cc loi lin kt v cc loi tnh th vi nhau.
b) Trin khai bi
HOT NG THY V TR
NI DUNG KIN THC
Hot ng 1: Kin thc cn nh
Mc tiu: So snh cc loi lin kt ho hc v nh ngha, bn cht, bn; So snh cc loi tinh
th; Quan h gia hiu m in v lin kt ho hc
I. Kin thc cn nh:
Hc sinh tho lun: So 1)So snh lin kt ion vi lin kt cng ho tr c cc v lin kt CHT
snh cc loi lin kt khng cc
ho hc, cc loi tinh So snh
Lin kt cng ha Lin kt cng ho Lin kt ion
th theo ni dung yu
tr khng cc
tr c cc
cu ca gio vin Ging nhau Cc nguyn t kt hp vi nhau to ra cho mi
bng bn
v mc ch nguyn t lp electron ngoi cng bn vng ging cu
Hc sinh lm vic trong
trc kh him (2e hoc 8e)
vng 20pht
Khc nhau Dng chung e. Dng chung e. Cho v nhn e
i din trnh by, hc
v bn cht Cp e khng b Cp e b lch v
sinh khc nhn xt
lch
pha nguyn t c
Gio vin nh gi, kt
m in ln
lun
hn
Thng to Gia cc nguyn Gia phi kim Gia kim loi
nn
t ca cng 1 mnh yu khc v phi kim
nguyn t phi kim nhau
Nhn xt
Lin kt cng ha tr c cc l dng trung gian gia lin
kt cng ha tr khng cc v lin kt ion
2) So snh tinh th nguyn t, tinh th phn t v tinh th ion:
Loi tinh th
Tinh th ion
Tinh th nt
Tinh th pt
Cu to tinh th -Cu to t -Cu to t -Cu to t
nhng ion
nhng ngt
nhng pht
-Gia cc ion -Gia cc ion -Gia cc ion
cc im nt cc im nt cc im nt
mng lin kt mng lin kt mng lin kt
vi nhau bng vi nhau bng vi nhau bng
lin kt ion
lin kt cng lc tng tc
ho tr
yu
bn
Kh bn vng
Bn vng
Km bn
79
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Tnh cht
Kh cng, kh D nng chy,

nng chy v d bay hi
kh bay hi
V d
Tinh th kim Tinh th it,
cng
bng
phin,
tinh th nc
Gio vin yu cu hc
...
sinh nhc li cc mc 3) Hiu m in v lin kt ho hc:
gi tr hiu m in Quy c :
v loi lin kt
Hiu m in
Loi lin kt
( )
Lin kt cng ho tr khng
0 () < 0,4
cc
Lin kt cng ho tr c cc
0,4 () < 1,7
() 1,7
Kh rn, kh
nng chy v
kh bay hi
Tinh th NaCl,
MgO, ...
Lin kt ion
Hot ng 2: Vn dng
Mc tiu: Rn luyn k nng xc nh loi lin kt da vo m in
Hc sinh tho lun 5
BT3/76
i din 2 hs ln bng
Lin kt ion: Na2O, MgO, Al2O3
Hs khc theo di, nhn xt
Lin kt CHT c cc: SiO2, P2O5, SO3, Cl2O5
Gv ging gii
4. Cng c: Bt4/76
5. Dn d:
- Bi tp v nh : 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 (SGK)
Rt kinh nghim:
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Th su ngy 25 thng 11 nm 2011
Tit th 28:
LUYN TP: LIN KT HO HC (tit 2)

80
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
I. MC TIU:
1.Kin thc: Cng c kin thc v:
- Lin kt ion: Vit s hnh thnh ion, s hnh thnh hp cht ion
- Lin kt cng ho tr: Vit cng thc e, cng thc cu to ca cc cht
- Ho tr v s oxi ho
2.K nng:
- Vit s hnh thnh ion, lin kt ion
- Vit cng thc e, cng thc cu to
- Xc nh ho tr v s oxi ho ca nguyn t
II. TRNG TM:
- Vit s hnh thnh ion, lin kt ion
- Vit cng thc e, cng thc cu to
- Xc nh ho tr v s oxi ho ca nguyn t
III.PHNG PHP GING DY: Din ging pht vn
IV. CHUN B GIO C:
*Gio vin: Gio n
V. TIN TRNH BI DY:
2.Kim tra bi c: Khng
a) t vn : Ho tr v s oxi ho s cn c vn dng rt nhiu, by gi chng ta s rn
luyn v phn ny
b) Trin khai bi
HOT NG THY V TR
NI DUNG KIN THC
Hot ng 1: S hnh thnh ion, s hnh thnh lin kt cng ho tr
Mc tiu: Rn luyn k nng vit s s hnh thnh ion, vit cng thc e v CTCT
2 Hc sinh ln bng
BT1/76
Hs khc nhn xt
a) Na Na+ + 1e
Gv nh gi
Mg Mg2+ + 2e
Al Al3+ + 3e
Cl + 1e ClS + 2e S2O + 2e O2b) Cu hnh e lp ngoi cng ca cc ion ging cu
hnh e ca kh him
Hs vit
Bt4b/76
Hot ng 2: Xc nh ho tr
Mc tiu: Rn luyn k nng xc nh in ho tr v cng ho tr ca cc nguyn t ho hc
Hs ng ti ch tr li
BT7/76: in ho tr ca cc nguyn t nhm VIA,
81
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HD: Cc nguyn t cng nhm th c VIIA tng ng l 2-, 1cng cng ho tr

BT8/76:
Hs ln bng, hs khc nhn xt
a) Cc nguyn t c cng cng ho tr 1 (Cl, Br); 2
Gv nh gi
( Se, S); 3 (P, N); 4 (Si, C)
b) Cc nguyn t c cng cng ho tr 1 (Cl, F); 2
( Te, S); 3 (P, N, As); 4 (Si)
Hot ng 3: Xc nh s oxi ho
Mc tiu: Rn luyn k nng xc nh s oxi ho
Gv:Yu cu hs nhc li 4 quy tc xc BT9/76:
nh s oxi ho
a) S oxi ho ca Mn, Cr, Cl, P ln lt l: +7; +6; +5; +5
Hs tr li, vn dng lm bi tp s 9 b) S oxi ho ca N, S, C, Br, N ln lt l: +5; +6;+4; -3
SGK
4. Cng c:
- Cch vit in ho tr, s oxi ho
- Cch vit s hnh thnh ion
- Xc nh s oxi ho
5. Dn d:
- Bi tp v nh : 3.453.57 (SBT)
- Son bi: Phn ng oxi ho kh
Rt kinh nghim:
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82
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Th by ngy 3 thng 12 nm 2011

CHNG IV: PHN NG OXI HO - KH
Tit th 29:
PHN NG OXI HO - KH (tit 1)
Kin thc mi cn hnh thnh
- S oxi ho
- Cht kh, cht oxi ho
- S hnh thnh ion
- S kh, s oxi ho
- Phn ng oxi ho- Kh
- ngha ca phn ng oxi ho - kh trong thc tin.
I. MC TIU:
1.Kin thc:Hiu c:
- Phn ng oxi ho - kh l phn ng ho hc trong c s thay i s oxi ho ca nguyn
t.
- Cht oxi ho l cht nhn electron, cht kh l cht nhng electron. S oxi ho l s
nhng electron, s kh l s nhn electron.
- ngha ca phn ng oxi ho - kh trong thc tin.
2.K nng: Phn bit c cht oxi ha v cht kh, s oxi ho v s kh trong phn ng
oxi ho - kh c th.
II. TRNG TM: Phn ng oxi ho - kh
III.PHNG PHP GING DY: Din ging - pht vn - kt nhm
IV. CHUN B GIO C:
*Gio vin: Gio n
V. TIN TRNH BI DY:
83
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3.Bi mi:
a) t vn : Gv yu cu hc sinh ln bng xc nh s oxi ho ca N trong: NH 3, N2, NO,
NO2, HNO3Nhn xt v s oxi ho ca N: N c nhiu mc oxi ho khc nhau
Nguyn nhn ca phn ng oxi ho- kh. Vy phn ng oxi ho kh l g?
b) Trin khai bi
HOT NG THY V TR
NI DUNG KIN THC
Hot ng 1: Cht kh-cht oxi ho; S kh- S oxi ho
Mc tiu: Hiu th no l cht kh- cht oxi ho; s kh- s oxi ho
Gv pht vn vi hs:
I. Phn ng oxi ho- kh:
- Gv ly v d, yu cu hc sinh xc 1. Xt phn ng c oxi tham gia:
0
0
2 2
nh s oxi ho ca Mg, O trc v VD1:
2 Mg + O2 2 Mg O (1)
sau phn ng
S oxh ca Mg tng t 0 ln +2, Mg nhng electron:
- S oxi ho ca Mg tng hay
0
2
gim? Mg nhng e hay nhn e?
Mg Mg + 2e
- Hs vit s nhng e ca Mg
Oxi nhn electrron:
0
2
- S oxi ho ca O tng hay gim?
+ 2e O
O
O nhng e hay nhn e?
Qu trnh Mg nhng electron l qu trnh oxh Mg.
- Hs vit s nhn e ca O
phn ng (1): Cht oxh l oxi, cht kh l Mg.
Gv thng tin
0
2 2
0
1 2
VD2 : Cu O + H 2 Cu + H 2 O (2)
- Gv ly v d, yu cu hc sinh xc
S oxh ca Cu gim t +2 xung 0, Cu trong CuO nhn
nh s oxi ho ca Cu, H trc v thm 2 electron:
sau phn ng
2
0
Cu + 2e Cu
- S oxi ho ca Cu tng hay gim?
S oxh ca H tng t 0 ln +1, H nhng i 1 e:
Cu nhng e hay nhn e?
0
1
- Hs vit s nhn e ca Cu
H H 1e
- S oxi ho ca H tng hay gim?
2
=> Qu trnh Cu nhn thm 2 electron gi l qu trnh kh
H nhng e hay nhn e?
2
2
- Hs vit s nhng e ca H
Cu (s kh Cu ).
Gv thng tin
Phn ng (2): Cht oxh l CuO, cht kh l Hiro.
Tm li:
- Qua 2 vd trn, th no l cht
+ Cht kh ( cht b oxh) l cht nhng electron.
kh- cht oxi ho, th no l s
+ Cht oxh ( Cht b kh) l cht thu electron.
kh-s oxi ho?
+ Qu trnh oxh ( s oxh ) l qu trnh nhng electron.
- Hs tr li
+ Qu trnh kh (s kh ) l qu trnh thu electron.
- Gv kt lun
2.Xt phn ng khng c oxi tham gia
2x1e
0
VD3:
2 Na + Cl 2 2 Na Cl (3)
- Gv nu v d
c s thay i s oxi ha, s cho nhn electron:
- Hs xc nh cht kh- cht oxi Phn ng ny
0
1
e
ho, s kh- s oxi ho, vit cc
Na Na + 1
qu trnh
84
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- Gv nhn xt
e
Cl + 1
0
Cl
1 1
VD4 : H 2 + Cl 2 2 H Cl (4)
Trong phn ng (4) c s thay i s oxi ha ca cc cht,
do cp electron gp chung lch v Clo.
VD 5 :
to
N H 4 N O3
N 2 O + 2H 2 O
Phn ng (5) nguyn t N-3 nhng e, N+5 nhn e

c s thay i s oxh ca mt nguyn t.
Hot ng 2 : Phn ng oxi ho- kh
Mc tiu: Hiu th no l phn ng oxi ho- kh
- Nhn xt g v s oxi ho ca nguyn t 3.Phn ng oxi ho- kh
trc v sau p trong cc pthh cc vd trn?
N: Phn ng oxh kh l phn ng ha hc,
- Hs: u c s thay i s oxi ho ca trong c s chuyn electron gia cc cht
nguyn t
phn ng, hay p oxh kh l phn ng ha
Nhng phn ng nh vy gi l phn ng hc trong c s thay i s oxh ca mt s
nguyn t.
oxi ho- kh
Hot ng 3 : ngha ca phn ng oxi ho- kh trong thc tin
Mc tiu: Bit c tm quan trng ca phn ng oxi ho kh trong thc tin
- Gv : Phn ng oxi ho kh c tm quan trng II. ngha ca phn ng oxi ho- kh trong
trong i sng v sn xut C th trong i
thc tin (SGK)
sng, sn xut ?
- Hs tr li
4. Cng c: Lm BT 1,2/82 SGK
5. Dn d:
- Bi tp v nh : 3, 4, 5, 6 (SGK)
- Son phn: Lp pthh ca phn ng oxi ho- kh
Rt kinh nghim:
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Tit th 30:
PHN NG OXI HO - KH (tit 2)
86
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

- Cc bc lp PTHH ca phn ng oxi ho- kh
- S kh, s oxi ho
- Phn ng oxi ho- Kh
I. MC TIU:
1.Kin thc:Hiu c cc bc lp phng trnh phn ng oxi ho - kh,
2.K nng: Lp c phng trnh ho hc ca phn ng oxi ho - kh da vo s oxi ho
(cn bng theo phng php thng bng electron).
II. TRNG TM: Cch lp phng trnh ha hc ca phn ng oxi ha - kh
III.PHNG PHP GING DY: Din ging pht vn - kt nhm
IV. CHUN B GIO C:
*Gio vin: Gio n, my chiu, giy A4
V. TIN TRNH BI DY:
Xc nh cht kh- cht oxi ho, s kh- s oxi ho trong cc phn ng sau?
t o , xt
1) 4NH3 + 5O
4NO + 6H2O
2
2) 2NH3 + 3Cl2 N2 + 6HCl
3.Bi mi:
a) t vn : Da vo bi cVi cc phn ng oxi ho kh nh th ny th chng ta c
th nhm cn bng nhng i vi mt s phn ng oxi ho kh, vd nh phn ng:
8Al + 30HNO3 8Al(NO3)3 + 3N2O + 15H2O th vic nhm cn bng l mt vic rt
kh khn. V vy ngi ta nghin cu v tm ra mt cch cn bng p dng chung cho
cc phn ng oxi ho kh m hm nay c s gii thiu vi cc em, l cch lp PTHH ca
p oxi ho kh ( Cn bng theo phng php thng bng electron)
b) Trin khai bi
HOT NG THY V TR
NI DUNG KIN THC
Hot ng 1: Lp phng trnh ho hc ca phn ng oxi ho kh (cn bng theo phng
php thng bng electron)
Mc tiu: Hiu c cc bc lp phng trnh ho hc ca phn ng oxi ho kh
Gio vin trnh chiu tng II. Lp PTHH ca phn ng oxi ho kh:
bc lp PTHH ng thi Bc 1: Xc nh s oxh ca cc nguyn t tm cht oxi ho v
yu cu hc sinh thc hin cht kh:
cc bc tng ng cn Bc 2: Vit qu trnh oxh v qu trnh kh, cn bng mi qu trnh
bng phn ng
Bc 3: Tm h s thch hp cho cht oxh v cht kh sao cho tng
NH3 + Cl2 N2 + HCl
s electron cho bng tng s electron nhn
Bc 4: t h s ca cc cht oxh v kh vo s phn ng, t
tnh ra h s cc cht khc. Kim tra cn bng s nguyn t ca
cc nguyn t v cn bng in tch hai v hon thnh PTHH
87
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V d : Lp PTHH ca phn ng oxi ho kh sau :

NH3 + Cl2 N2 + HCl
3 1
1 1
Bc 1 : N H 3 Cl2 N 2 H Cl
S oxh ca N tng t -3 ln 0 : Cht kh
S oxh ca Cl gim t 0 xung -1 : Cht oxh
Bc 2 :
Qu trnh oxh : 2 N N 2 6e
1
Qu trnh kh : Cl 2 2e 2 Cl
Bc 3 :
3
Qu trnh oxh : 2 N N 2 6e
x1
Qu trnh kh : Cl 2 2e 2 Cl
3
x3
1
2 N 3 Cl 2 N 2 6 Cl
Bc 4 : 2NH3 + 3Cl2 N2 + 6HCl

Hot ng 2: Vn dng
Mc tiu: Rn luyn k nng cn bng phn ng oxi ho kh theo phng php thng bng electron
Hc sinh tho lun nhm lp PTHH ca Lp PTHH ca cc phn ng oxi ho kh sau :
0
3
2
0
cc phn ng oxi ho kh :
1) Mg Al Cl3 Mg Cl2 Al
1) Mg + AlCl3 MgCl2 + Al
3
Mg l cht kh ; Al (trong AlCl3) l cht oxi ho
2) KClO3 KCl + KClO4
0
2
3) KClO3 KCl + O2
x3
Mg Mg 2e
4) FeS2 + O2 Fe2O3 + SO2
3
0
x2
Al 3e Al
5) MnO2 + HCl MnCl2 + Cl2 + H2O
0
3
2
0
Gv trnh chiu kt qu ca tng nhm,
3 Mg 2 Al 3 Mg 2 Al
i din nhm trnh by, cc nhm khc Phng trnh s l :
nhn xt Gv ging gii, ch cho hc 3Mg + 2AlCl3 3MgCl2 + 2Al
sinh cc loi p oxi ho kh
5
1
7
2)
K
Cl
O
K
Cl
K
Cl
O4
3
1)Phn ng n gin
5
2)Phn ng t oxi ho, t kh
Cl (trong KClO3) va l cht kh va l cht oxh
3)Phn ng oxi ho kh ni phn t
5
1
x1
Cl 6e Cl
4, 5) Phn ng oxi ho kh phc tp
5
7
x3
Cl Cl 2e
5
4 Cl 1Cl 3 Cl
Phng trnh s l : 4KClO3 KCl + 3KClO4

5
_1
3) K Cl O3 K Cl O 2
5
Cl (trong KClO3) l cht oxi ha ; O (trong KClO3) l

88
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cht kh
5
_1
x2
Cl 6e Cl
2
x3
2 O O 2 4e
5
_1
2 Cl 6 O 2 Cl 3 O 2
Phng trnh s l : 2KClO3 2KCl + 3O2

2 1
4 2
4) Fe S 2 O 2 Fe 2 O 3 S O 2
2 1
0
Fe, S (trong FeS2) l cht kh ; O 2 l cht oxi ho
2
Fe Fe 1e
2 S 2 S 10e
2 1
x4
Fe S 2 Fe 2 S 11e
2
x 11
O 2 4e 2 O
2
4 Fe S 2 11O 2 4 Fe 8 S 22 O
Phng trnh s l :
4FeS2 + 11O2 2Fe2O3 + 8SO2
4
5) Mn O2 H Cl MnCl2 Cl 2 H 2O
4
Mn (trong MnO2) l cht oxi ho ; Cl (trong HCl) l
cht kh
4
x1
Mn 2e Mn
1
x1
2 Cl Cl 2 2e
4
Mn 2 Cl Mn Cl 2
Phng trnh s l :
MnO2 + 4HCl MnCl2 + Cl2 + 2H2O
4. Cng c: Cc bc lp PTHH ca phn ng oxi ho kh
5. Dn d:
- Bi tp v nh : 7, 8/83 (SGK)
- Son bi: Phn loi phn ng trong ho hc v c
Rt kinh nghim:
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89
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Tit th 31:
PHN LOI PHN NG TRONG HO HC V C

- Phn ng ho hp, phn ng phn hu, - Cc phn ng ho hc c chia thnh 2 loi:
phn ng th, phn ng trao i
phn ng oxi ho - kh v khng phi l phn
- Phn ng oxi ho- Kh
ng oxi ho - kh.
I. MC TIU:
1.Kin thc:Hiu c:
Cc phn ng ho hc c chia thnh 2 loi: phn ng oxi ho - kh v khng phi l
phn ng oxi ho - kh.
2.K nng: Nhn bit c mt phn ng thuc loi phn ng oxi ho - kh da vo s
thay i s oxi ho ca cc nguyn t.
II. TRNG TM: Phn loi phn ng thnh 2 loi.
IV. CHUN B GIO C:
V. TIN TRNH BI DY:
Lp PTHH ca cc phn ng oxi ho kh sau:
1) KMnO4 K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2
2) NH3 + CuO Cu + N2 + H2O
3.Bi mi:
90
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------a. t vn : Phn ng 1 trong bi c, ngoi l mt phn ng oxi ho kh th n l loi
phn ng no chng ta hc? Chng ta hc nhng loi phn ng ho hc no? Hs tr

li By gi chng ta s tm hiu xem tng loi phn ng .
b. Trin khai bi
HOT NG THY V TR
NI DUNG KIN THC
Hot ng 1: Phn ng c s thay i s oxi ho v phn ng khng c s thay i s oxi ho
Mc tiu: Hiu c cc phn ng ho hc c chia thnh 2 loi: phn ng c s thay i s
oxi ho v khng thay i s oxi ho
Chng ta bit v phn ng I. PHN NG C S THAY I S OXH V PHN NG
ho hp, phn hu, th, trao KHNG C S THAY I S OXH
i. By gi chng ta s xt 1. Phn ng ha hp:
0
0
1 2
tng loi phn ng
VD 1: 2 H 2 O 2 2 H 2 O
- Gv cho 2 p, yu cu 2 hs ln
- S oxh ca hiro tng t 0 +1
bng xc nh s oxh cc nt
- S oxh ca oxi gim t 0 -2
C nhn xt g v s oxh cc
2 2
4 2
2 4 2
nt trc v sau p 2 VD2: CaO CO2 CaCO3
phng trnh
S oxh ca cc nguyn t khng thay i.
Nhn xt: Trong phn ng ha hp, s oxi ha ca cc nguyn
t c th thay i hoc khng thay i.
2. Phn ng phn hy:
VD1:
nt trc v sau p 2
phng trnh
5 2
2K Cl O3 2K Cl 3O2
S oxh ca Oxi tng t -2 ln 0;
S oxi ha ca clo gim t +5 xung -1.
2
VD2:
2 1
2 2
Cu(OH)2 CuO H2 O
S oxi ha ca cc nguyn t khng thay i.
Nhn xt: Trong phn ng phn hy, s oxh ca c th thay i
hoc khong thay i.
3. Phn ng th:
VD1:
Cu 2AgNO3 Cu(NO3)2 2Ag

S oxh ca ng tng t 0 ln +2;
S oxh ca H gim t +1 xung 0.
0
1
2
0
C nhn xt g v s oxh cc VD2: Zn 2H Cl ZnCl 2 H2
- S oxh ca tt ca Zn km tng ln t 0 ln +2;
nt trc v sau p 2
phng trnh
- S oxh ca hiro gim t +1 xung 0.
Nhn xt: Trong ha hc v c, phn ng th bao gi cng c
s thay i s oxh ca cc nguyn t.
4. Phn ng trao i:
1 5 2
1 1
1 1
1 5 2
VD1: AgN O3 NaCl AgCl NaN O3
S oxi ha ca tt c ca tt c cc nguyn t khng thay i.
91
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2 2 1
1 1
- Gv cho 2 p, yu cu 2 hs ln VD2: 1 2 1 2 1
2NaOH CuCl 2 Cu(OH)2 2NaCl
S oxh ca tt c cc nguyn t khng thay i.
nt trc v sau p 2 Nhn xt: Trong phn ng trao i s oxi ha ca tt c cc
nguyn t khng thay i.
phng trnh
Hot ng 2: Kt lun
Mc tiu: Khng nh cc phn ng ho hc c chia thnh 2 loi: phn ng oxi ho - kh v
khng phi l phn ng oxi ho - kh.
Qua cc VD trn, phn ng ho II. KT LUN
hc c phn loi nh th no ? Da vo s thay i s oxh, c th chia p ha hc thnh 2 loi:
Kt lun
Phn ng c s thay i s oxh l phn ng oxh-kh.
Phn ng ha hc khng c s thay i s oxh, khng phi
l phn ng oxh kh.
4. Cng c: Lm bi tp 3/86 SGK
5. Dn d:
- Bi tp v nh : 1,2,4,5,6,7, 8,9/86,87 (SGK)
- Son bi: Luyn tp
Rt kinh nghim:

Tit th 32:
LUYN TP: PHN NG OXI HO- KH (tit 1)

- Cht kh-Cht oxi ho, s kh-s oxi ho - H thng ho kin thc v phn ng oxi ho- Phn ng oxi ho- kh v phn ng kh
khng phi oxi ho kh
I. MC TIU:
- Cht kh-cht oxi ho, s kh- s oxi ho
- Phn ng oxi ho- kh
- Phn loi phn ng trong ho hc v c
92
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2.K nng: Rn luyn k nng:

- Xc nh s oxi ho ca cc nguyn t
- Xc nh cht kh- cht oxi ho
- Vit qu trnh kh- qu trnh oxi ho
- Phn bit phn ng oxi ho-kh v phn ng khng phi oxi ho kh
II. TRNG TM:
- Xc nh cht kh- cht oxi ho
- Vit qu trnh kh- qu trnh oxi ho
- Phn bit phn ng oxi ho-kh v phn ng khng phi oxi ho kh
IV. CHUN B GIO C:
V. TIN TRNH BI DY:
2.Kim tra bi c: (7 pht) Bi tp 5/87
3.Bi mi:
a. t vn : Chng ta tm hiu v phn ng oxi ho kh, by gi s h thng li kin
thc vn dng
b. Trin khai bi
HOT NG THY V TR
NI DUNG KIN THC
Hot ng 1: Kin thc cn nm vng
Mc tiu: H thng ho kin thc v phn ng oxi ho kh
Gio vin pht vn hc sinh: I. Kin thc cn nm vng:
- Cht nh th no c gi - Cht kh: Cht nhng e S oxi ho tng
l cht kh, cht oxi ho?
- Cht oxi ho: Cht nhn e S oxi ho gim
- Th no l s kh, s oxi - S kh: S nhn e Lm gim s oxi ho
ho?
- S oxi ho: S nhng e Lm tng s oxi ho
- Th no l phn ng oxi ho - S kh v s oxi ho lun xy ra ng thi Phn ng oxi ho
kh?
kh: Phn ng oxi ho kh l phn ng ho hc trong c s
- Da vo s oxi ho, phn chuyn e gia cc cht. Hay phn ng oxi ho kh l phn ng ho
ng ho hc c phn loi hc trong c s thay i s oxi ho ca mt s nguyn t ho
nh th no?
hc
- Da vo s oxi ho, phn ng ho hc chia lm 2 loi: Phn ng
oxi ho kh v phn ng khng thuc loi phn ng oxi ho kh
Hot ng 2: Vn dng
Mc tiu: Rn luyn k nng phn loi phn ng; xc nh s oxi ho, cht kh, cht oxi ho; vit
qu trnh kh, qu trnh oxi ho
93
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- Gv hng dn bi s 9/87: S dng cc

phn ng hc hon thnh chui phn
ng (mi mi tn mt phn ng), xc nh
s oxi ho xc nh loi phn ng
BT5/89SGK:S oxi ho ca:

- N ln lt l: +2; +4; +5; +5; +3; -3; -3
- Cl ln lt l: -1 ; +1 ; +3 ; +5 ; +7 ; +1 v -1
- Mn ln lt l: +4 ; +7 ; +6 ; +2
- Cr ln lt l: +6 ; +3 ; +3
- S ln lt l: -2 ; +4 ; +4 ; +6 ; -2 ; -1
BT6/89SGK : Xc nh cht kh, cht oxi ho, s
kh, s oxi ho :
1
2
0
-Chia mi nhm 6 hc sinh; Hc sinh tho a) 0
Cu 2 Ag NO3 Cu ( NO3 )2 2 Ag
lun theo nhm, hon thnh 3 bi tp
KH OXH
i din 3 nhm ln bng trnh by
0
2
S oxi ho : Cu Cu 2e
1
S kh : Ag 1e Ag
2
b) Fe Cu SO4 Fe SO4 Cu
KH OXH
0
2
S oxi ho : Fe Fe 2e
2
S kh : Cu 2e Cu
0
1
1
0
c) 2 Na 2 H 2 O 2 Na OH H 2
KH OXH
0
1
S oxi ho : Na Na 1e
1
S kh : 2 H 2e H 2
BT9/87SGK :
- Nhm khc nhn xt, b sung
- Gio vin ging gii, nh gi
a)
2 K Cl O3 2 K Cl 3 O 2
0
4 2
(1)
(2)
S O2 S O2
SO2 2 NaOH Na2SO3 H 2O (3)

Phn ng oxi ho kh l (1) ;(2)
0
0
1 2
b)
(1)
S H 2 H 2 S
1
4 2
2 H 2 S 3 O 2 2 S O 2 2 H 2O (2)
4
6 2
2 S O2 O 2 2 S O 3
(3)
SO 3 H 2O H 2 SO4
(4)
Phn ng oxi ho kh l (1) ;(2) ;(3)
4. Cng c:
- S kh, s oxi ho
- Phn ng oxi ho kh
94
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5. Dn d:
- Bi tp v nh : 1,2,3,4,7, 8/89,90 (SGK)
- Chun b phn lp PTHH
Rt kinh nghim:
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95
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Tit th 33:
LUYN TP: PHN NG OXI HO- KH (tit 2)
I. MC TIU:
1.Kin thc: Cng c kin thc v lp phng trnh ho hc ca phn ng oxi ho kh
2.K nng: Rn luyn k nng lp PTHH ca phn ng oxi ho kh
II. TRNG TM: Lp PTHH ca phn ng oxi ho kh
IV. CHUN B GIO C:
V. TIN TRNH BI DY:
2.Kim tra bi c:
3.Bi mi:
a. t vn : Cc bc lp PTHH ca phn ng oxi ho kh Vn dng
b. Trin khai bi
HOT NG THY V TR
NI DUNG KIN THC
Hot ng 1: Lp PTHH
Mc tiu: Rn luyn k nng lp PTHH
-Chia lp thnh 10 nhm hc a) 8Al + 3Fe3O4 4Al2O3 + 9Fe
sinh; Hc sinh tho lun theo
0
+3
nhm, hon thnh 5 bi tp
4x 2Al 2Al +6e
Gv ln lt trnh chiu kt
+1
+3
qu cc nhm v nhn xt, b
3x 3Fe + 8e 3Fe
sung
- Gio vin ging gii, nh b) 10FeSO4 + 2KMnO4 + 8H2SO4 5Fe2(SO4)3 +2MnSO4 + K2SO4
gi
+ 8H2O
+2
5x 2Fe
+7
+3
2Fe + 2e
+2
96
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2x
Mn + 5e Mn
c) 4FeS2 +11 O2 2Fe2O3 + 8SO2

+2
4x
+3
Fe Fe + 1e
-1
2S
+4
2S + 10e
-2
11x
2O + 4e 2O
d) 2KClO3 2KCl + 3O2
+5
2x
-1
Cl +
-2
6e Cl
0
1x 6O 6O + 12e
e) 3Cl2 + 6KOH 5KCl + KClO3 + 3H2O
0
5x
-1
Cl +1e Cl
0
1x
+5
Cl
Cl +5e
Hot ng 2: Kim tra 15

Mc tiu: Kim tra k nng lp PTHH
: Lp PTHH ca cc phn ng ho hc
xy ra theo s sau:
1) Ca + O2 CaO
2) Fe + HCl FeCl2 + H2
3) Fe2O3 + Al Fe + Al2O3
4) NH4NO2 N2 + H2O
4. Cng c: Cc bc lp PTHH ca phn ng oxi ho kh
5. Dn d:
- Bi tp v nh : 10,11,12/90 (SGK)
- Chun b bi thc hnh
Rt kinh nghim:
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97
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Tit th 34:
THC HNH: PHN NG OXI HO- KH
I. MC TIU:
1.Kin thc: Bit c mc ch, cc bc tin hnh, k thut thc hin ca cc th nghim:
+ Phn ng gia kim loi v dung dch axit, mui..
+ Phn ng oxi ho- kh trong mi trng axit.
2.K nng:
- S dng dng c v ho cht tin hnh an ton, thnh cng cc th nghim trn.
- Quan st hin tng, gii thch v vit cc PTHH.
- Vit tng trnh th nghim.
3.Thi :
- Tch cc, ch ng
- Cn thn trong thc hnh, tip xc vi ho cht
98
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
II. TRNG TM:

- Phn ng ca kim loi vi dung dch axit v dung dch mui
- Phn ng oxi ho- kh trong mi trng axit:
III.PHNG PHP GING DY: Pht vn - kt nhm
IV. CHUN B GIO C:
*Gio vin:
- Dng c : ng nghim, kp g, gi, ....
- Ho cht : Zn, dd H2SO4, dd CuSO4, inh st, dd KMnO4
V. TIN TRNH BI DY:
2.Kim tra bi c:
3.Bi mi:
a. t vn : Trong cc loi phn ng chng ta hc th loi phn ng no lun c s
thay i s oxi ho ca cc nguyn t ? By gi chng ta s thc hin mt s phn ng
chng minh.
b. Trin khai bi
HOT NG THY V TR
NI DUNG KIN THC
Hot ng 1: Ni dung thc hnh
Mc tiu: Kim tra s chun b bi ca hc sinh
- Hc sinh ln lt trnh by 1.TN1: Phn ng gia kim loi v dd axit:
ni dung tng th nghim
- Rt vo ng nghim khong 2ml dung dch axit sunfuric long ri
- Gv nu yu cu ca tng th cho tip v ng nghim mt vin km nh. Quan st hin tng xy
nghim
ra.
- Gv lu vi hc sinh mt - Gii thch hin tng. Vit phng trnh ha hc ca phn ng v
s thao tc th nghim: Cch cho bit vai tr ca tng cht trong phn ng.
kp ng nghim, cch ly ho 2. TN2: Phn ng gia dung dch mui v kim loi:
cht, s dng ho cht ...
- Rt vo ng nghim khong 2ml dung dch CuSO 4 long. Cho
vo ng nghim mt inh st c lm sch b mt. yn ng
nghim khong 10 pht. Quan st hin tng xy ra.
- Gii thch v vit phng trnh ha hc, cho bit vai tr ca cc
cht.
3. Phn ng oxi ha kh trong mi trng axit:
-Rt vo ng nghim 2ml dung dch FeSO4. Thm vo 1ml dung
dch H2SO4 long.
- Nh vo ng nghim trn tng git dung dch KMnO 4, lc nh
ng nghim sau mi ln git thm dung dch. Quan st hin tng
xy ra.
- Quan st hin tng, vit phng trnh v cho bit vai tr ca cc
cht trong phn ng.
99
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Hot ng 2: Thc hnh

Mc tiu: Rn luyn k nng thc hnh ca hc sinh
- Hc sinh tin hnh cc th nghim
- Lp chia lm 8 nhm tin hnh th nghim
- Gv bao qut lp, hng dn tng nhm
- Hon thnh ni dung bi yu cu
4. Cng c: Cc th nghim
5. Nhn xt- Dn d:
- Hc sinh dn dp, ra dng c, hon thnh v thc hnh
- Chun b bi Khi qut v nhm Halogen
Rt kinh nghim:
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100
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Tit 35 :
N TP HC K I
A/ MC TIU
1/ HS bit h thng ha kin thc c bn v cu to cht thuc 3 chng 1, 2
2/ HS hiu v c k nng vn dng kin thc v cu to nguyn t , bng tun hon
v nh lut tun hon , chun b kin thc c s tt cho vic hc phn sau ca chng
B/ CHUN B CA GIO VIN V HC SINH
GV : My tnh , my chiu , bng tun hon , h thng bi tp v cu hi luyn
tp
HS : T n cc kin thc l thuyt thuc 2 chng
C/ TIN TRNH DY HC
* Hot ng 1 (10 Pht)
GV yu cu HS nhc li cc kin thc c bn ca 3 chng :
Chng 1 : Nguyn t
Chng 2 : Bng tun hon v nh lut tun hon cc nguyn t ha hc
Chng 3 : Xc nh s oxi ho
T GV xut cc dng bi tp thng gp HS luyn tp
* Hot ng 2 (35 Pht)
Dng 1 : Mi quan h gia cc loi ht c bn (p , n , e) trong nguyn t , ion , phn t
Th d : Cho hp cht MX3 , bit :
- Tng s ht p , n , e l 196 trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in
l 60
- Nguyn t khi ca X ln hn ca M l 8
- Tng 3 loi ht (p , n , e) trong ion X nhiu hn trong ion M3+ l 16
Hy xc nh M v X thuc ng v no ca 2 nguyn t
Hng dn : Trong M c Z proton , Z electron , N ntron
X c Z proton , Z electron , N ntron
H phng trnh ton hc :
(2Z + N) + (6Z + 3N) = 196
(2Z + 6Z) (N + 3N) = 60
(Z + N) (Z + N)
= 8
(2Z + N + 1) (2Z + N 3) = 16
Z = 13 , Z = 17 , N = 14 , N = 18
101
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
AM = 27 v AX = 35
27
35
M v
13
17 X
Dng 2 : Xc nh nguyn t khi trung bnh khi bit % s lng nguyn t ca mi ng v v
ngc li
Th d 2 : Nguyn t khi ca brom l 79,91 . Brom c 2 ng v trong 1 ng v l
79
35
Br chim 54,5% s nguyn t . Hy xc nh ng v th 2 ca brom ?

Hng dn : Gi x l % s nguyn t ca ng v th 2 , ta c :
ABr =
79.54,5 X (100 54,5)

= 79,91
100
81
X = 81
35 Br
Dng 3 : Bit v tr ca nguyn t trong bng tun hon (s th t chu k, s th t nhm A/B)
vit cu hnh electron ca nguyn t v ion
Th d 3 :
a) Bit nguyn t Br thuc chu k 4 , nhm VII A . Bit cu hnh electron ca Br ?
b) Bit nguyn t Mn thuc chu k 4 , nhm VII B . Vit cu hnh electron ca Mn ?
Hng dn :
a) Phn tch :
- Nguyn t Br thuc chu k 4 nguyn t ca n phi c 4 lp e
- Nguyn t Br thuc nhm VII A lp ngoi cng (lp th 4) c 7e in vo phn lp s
v p
4s24p5
Cu hnh electron y ca Br :
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p5
b) Phn tch :
- Nguyn t Mn thuc chu k 4 Mn c 4 lp e
- Mn thuc nhm VII B s electron ha tr ca n bng 7 nhng phn b lp 3d v 4s
3d54s2
Cu hnh electron y ca Mn :
1s22s22p63s23p63d54s2
Dng 4 : Bit cu hnh electron ca nguyn t v ion suy ra v tr ca nguyn t trong bng
tun hon
Th d : Cho cu hnh electron ca 1 nguyn t A :
1s22s22p63s23p63d54s1
Hy suy ra v tr ca A trong bng tun hon
Hng dn :
- A c 24e chim th 24 trong bng tun hon
- A c 4 lp e thuc chu k 4
102
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- A c 6e ho tr v l nguyn t d thuc nhm VIB

Dng 5: Sp xp cc nguyn t theo chiu tng gim tnh kim loi, phi kim:
Da vo cc yu t:
- S lp e: S lp e cng ln, tnh kim loi cng mnh
- S e lp ngoi cng: Cng t, tnh kim loi cng mnh
- in tch ht nhn: Cng nh, tnh kim loi cng mng
BTVN: Sp xp cc nguyn t sau theo chiu tnh kim loi tng dn: Na, Mg, S, Cl, N
Dng 6: Chuyn i qua li gia cng thc oxit cao nht v hp cht kh vi hiro Xc nh
tn nguyn t?
Lu : Ho tr cao nht ca nguyn t vi oxi + Ho tr trong hp cht kh vi H = 8
(bng STT nhm)
Dng 7: Xc nh hai nguyn t lin tip
- Hai nguyn t lin tip trong cng mt chu k: ZB ZA = 1
- Hai nguyn t hai chu k lin tip trong mt nhm A: Hn km nhau 8 hoc 18 propton
- Hai nguyn t thuc 2 chu k lin tip v 2 nhm A lin tip: Hn km nhau 7, 9, 17, 19 p
D. Bi tp t gii: cng km theo
Tit 36:
KIM TRA HC K I
Kt qu:
Lp
Gii
Kh
Trung bnh
Yu
Km
10B1
10B4
10B5
10B6
CHNG V: NHM HALOGEN
Tit th 37:
BI 21: KHI QUT V NHM HALOGEN
- Bng tun hon
- V tr nhm halogen trong BTH
- Cu hnh electron
- S bin i m in, bn knh nguyn t,
- S bin i tnh cht cc nguyn t trong mt s tnh cht
bn tun hon
- Tnh cht ha hc c bn ca nguyn t halogen
I. MC TIU:
1.Kin thc: Bit c:
- V tr nhm halogen trong bng tun hon.
- S bin i m in, bn knh nguyn t v mt s tnh cht vt l ca cc nguyn t
trong nhm.
- Cu hnh lp electron ngoi cng ca nguyn t cc nguyn t halogen tng t nhau.
Tnh cht ho hc c bn ca cc nguyn t halogen l tnh oxi ho mnh.
103
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- S bin i tnh cht ha hc ca cc n cht trong nhm halogen.

2.K nng:
- Vit c cu hnh lp electron ngoi cng ca nguyn t F, Cl, Br, I.
- D on c tnh cht ha hc c bn ca halogen l tnh oxi ha mnh da vo cu hnh
lp electron ngoi cng v mt s tnh cht khc ca nguyn t.
- Vit c cc phng trnh ha hc chng minh tnh cht oxi ho mnh ca cc nguyn t
halogen, quy lut bin i tnh cht ca cc nguyn t trong nhm.
- Tnh th tch hoc khi lng dung dch cht tham gia hoc to thnh sau phn ng.
II. TRNG TM: Mi lin h gia cu hnh lp electron ngoi cng, m in, bn knh
nguyn t... vi tnh cht ho hc c bn ca cc nguyn t halogen l tnh oxi ho mnh.
III.PHNG PHP GING DY: Thuyt trnh- pht vn - kt nhm
IV. CHUN B GIO C:
*Gio vin:
- Dng c : ng nghim, kp g, gi, ....
- Ho cht : Zn, dd H2SO4, dd CuSO4, inh st, dd KMnO4
V. TIN TRNH BI DY:
3.Bi mi:
a. t vn : Nhng nguyn t thuc nhm no trong bng tun hon gi l nhm
halogen? By gi chng ta hy tm hiu v nhm cc nguyn t ny.
b. Trin khai bi
HOT NG THY V TR
NI DUNG KIN THC
Hot ng 1: V tr ca nhm hal trong bng tun hon
Mc tiu: Bit v tr ca hal trong bng tun hon, nhng nguyn t nhm hal
GV hi HS nhm halogen gm cc ngt no?
I. V TR:
Chng nm nhm no trong HTTH?
* Nhm halogen gm : Flo(F); Clo(Cl); Brom
(Br),
Iot (I), Atatin (At)
mi chu k, chng nm v tr no?
* Cc ngt halogen thuc nhm VIIA. Chng
GV lu HS : Atatin c iu ch nhn to bng
cc phn ng ht nhn . Do , c th xem At l ng gn cui cc chu k, ngay trc cc ngt kh
him.
nguyn t phng x. Ta khng nghin cu At.
Hot ng 2: Cu hnh electron nguyn t, cu to phn t
Mc tiu: Bit cu hnh e chung ca nguyn t cc nguyn t hal, cu to phn t, tnh cht ho hc c
bn ca cc nguyn t hal
- GV cho HS vit c.h.e ca F, Cl v rt II. CU HNH ELECTRON NGUYN T, CU TO
ra nhn xt GV t vn : V sao cc PHN T:
ngt halogen khng ng ring r m * Ngt c 7e lp ngoi cng ( ns2 np5 )
dng 2 ngt (Cl2, Br2) Xu hng
104
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lin kt ca nguyn t hal?

- HS tr li.
- Hs vit qu trnh hnh thnh phn t
hal
- GV gi HS nu tchh c bn ca
halogen.
Gv thng tin
* trng thi t do, 2 ngt halogen gp chung 1 e vi nhau

to 1 lk CHT khng cc.
Phn tch d liu bng 11 tr 95 SGK.

GV cho HS xem v nhn xt:
- TCVL (trng thi, mu, tonc , tosi )
- Bn knh ngt
III. S BIN I TNH CHT

1. S bin i tnh cht vt l ca cc n cht:
(Bng 11 trang 95 SGK)
T F n I, ta thy:
* Trng thi tp hp: kh lng rn.
* Mu sc: m dn
* tonc , tosi : tng dn.
2. S bin i m in:
* A tng i ln.
* Gim dn t F n I
* F c A ln nht nn ch c s oxi ho -1, 0.
Cc ngt halogen khc c s oxi ho -1, 0, +1, +3, +5, +7
3. S bin i tnh cht ho hc ca cc n cht
- Cc n cht halogen ging nhau v tnh cht ho hc
cng nh thnh phn v tnh cht ca cc hp cht do chng
to thnh(Do lp e ngoi cng c cu hnh tng t nhau ns 2
np5)
- Halogen l nhng phi kim in hnh. Tnh oxi ho gim
dn t Flo n Iot.
- Cc n cht halogen oxi ho c
+ Hu ht cc kim loi mui halogenua
+ H2 hp cht kh khng mu hiro halogenua
(kh ny tan trong nc to dd axit halogen hiric)
..
..
..
..
: X . + .X :
..
..
..
..
: X : X : X- X
X2
CT e CT cu to
CTPT
* Lin kt trong phn t X2 khng bn lm, d b tch thnh 2
ngt X.
* Trong phn ng ho hc, cc ngt X d thu thm 1e Tnh
cht ho hc c bn ca cc halogen l tnh oxi ho mnh.
Hot ng 3: S bin i tnh cht
Mc tiu: Bit s bin i bn knh nguyn t, m in, mt s tnh cht ca hal
- m in
GV gii thch v sao trong cc hp cht,
F ch c s oxi ho -1, cc ngt halogen
cn li, ngoi s oxi ho -1 cn c +1,
+3, +5, +7.
Ghi ch: Flo c lp e ngoi cng l lp
th 2 nn khng c phn lp d. T Clo
Iot c phn lp d cn trng, nn
c kch thch s c 3e, 5e, 7e c
thn.
Do trong cc hp cht Flo lun c s
oxi ho 1, cc halogen khc th hin s
oxi ho t 1 +7.
HS da vo bn knh ngt v m
in gii thch v sao tnh oxi ho
gim dn t F n I.
4. Cng c: * Tng kt 3 :
- Nguyn nhn tnh oxi ho mnh ca cc halogen.

- Nguyn nhn tnh oxi ho ca halogen gim dn t F I.
- Nguyn nhn ca s ging nhau v tnh cht ho hc cng nh thnh phn v tnh cht ca
cc hp cht do chng to thnh.
105
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5. Dn d:
- HS lm bi 1 8 trang 96 SGK.
- Chun b bi Clo
Rt kinh nghim:
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106
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Tit th 38:
BI 22: CLO

- Khi qut v nhm halogen
- Phn ng oxi ho kh

- Tnh cht vt l, tnh cht ho hc, trng thi t
nhin, iu ch clo
I. MC TIU:
1.Kin thc:
- Bit c: Tnh cht vt l, trng thi t nhin, ng dng ca clo, phng php iu ch
clo trong phng th nghim, trong cng nghip.
- Hiu c: Tnh cht ho hc c bn ca clo l phi kim mnh, c tnh oxi ho mnh (tc
dng vi kim loi, hiro). Clo cn th hin tnh kh .
2.K nng:
- D on, kim tra v kt lun c v tnh cht ha hc c bn ca clo.
- Quan st cc th nghim hoc hnh nh th nghim rt ra nhn xt.
- Vit cc phng trnh ha hc minh ho tnh cht ho hc v iu ch clo.
- Tnh th tch kh clo ktc tham gia hoc to thnh trong phn ng.
3.Thi : Tch cc, ch ng, thc c s c hi ca clo
II. TRNG TM: Tnh cht ho hc c bn ca clo l phi kim mnh, c tnh oxi ho mnh
III.PHNG PHP GING DY: Thuyt trnh- pht vn
IV. CHUN B GIO C:
*Gio vin: Gio n, th nghim m phng
V. TIN TRNH BI DY:
2.Kim tra bi c: (8pht)
- c im cu hnh e nguyn t v cu to phn t ca halogen?
- Tnh cht ho hc c trng ca halogen?
- Ti sao flo ch c mc oxi ho -1; 0 cn clo, brm, it c mc oxi ho -1; +1; +3; +5; +7?
3.Bi mi:
107
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
a. t vn : Dn dt t bi c
b. Trin khai bi
HOT NG THY V TR
NI DUNG KIN THC
Hot ng 1: Tnh cht vt l
Mc tiu: Bit tnh cht vt l ca clo
- Gv trnh chiu hnh nh l cha kh I. TNH CHT VT L
clo
- iu kin thng, Clo l cht kh, mu vng lc, mi
- Hs quan st, nhn xt:
xc.
M 71
+ Trng thi
- T khi d Cl 2,5 1 Nng hn kh ng kh
+ Mu st
29 29
KK
+ Mi
2,5 ln.
- Gv thng tin thm
- Tan va phi trong nc ( 20oC, 1 lt nc ho tan 2,5
lt Clo) to thnh nc Clo c mu xanh nht. Clo tan
nhiu trong dung mi hu c.
- Kh Clo rt c.
Hot ng 2: Tnh cht ho hc
Mc tiu: Hiu: Tnh cht ho hc c trng ca clo l tnh oxi ho mnh, phi kim mnh; ng
thi cn th hin tnh kh
- Gv: c im cu hnh e ca clo?
II. TNH CHT HO HC
- C 7e lp ngoi cng C xu hng Clo l cht oxi ho mnh. Trong cc phn ng ho hc
nhn 1e, th hin tnh oxi ho mnh
Clo d thu thm 1e ion Cl
- Gv yu cu hc sinh vit qu trnh nhn
Cl + 1e Cl
e ca nguyn t clo
1. Tc dng vi kim loi: Mui Clorua
- Clo l cht oxi hoTc dng vi cht
Clo oxi ho hu ht kim loi ln mc oxh cao nht:S
kh no?
0
3 1
30
Fe Cl 2 FeCl3
- Gv trnh din th nghim kim loi Na,
Sa
t (III) Clorua
2
Fe, Cu tc dng vi kh clo
0
0
1 1
1
- Hs quan st, nhn xt, vit PTHH
Na Cl 2 NaCl
2
- Gv trnh din th nghim H2 tc dng

vi kh clo
- Gv thng tin
- GV trnh din th nghim tnh ty mu
ca nc Clo
- Gv gii thch, lu thnh phn nc
clo
- GV hng dn Hs vit phn ng vi dd
NaOH
(Natri Clorua)
Cu Cl 2
Cu Cl 2
2. Tc dng vi hidr:
0
a
s
1 1
H2 Cl 2 2H Cl H=-91,8 KJ
HidroClorua
Nu t l s mol H2:Cl2 = 1:1 th hn hp n mnh.

3. Tc dng vi nc v dung dch NaOH: Khi ho
tan vo nc, 1 phn Clo tc dng chm vi nc.
(va kh va oxi ho)
0
Cl 2 H 2 O
H Cl
H Cl O
Axit clohidric Axit hipoclor

HClO: axit yu (yu hn H2CO3), km bn, c tnh oxi
ho mnh, n ph hy mu nc Clo c tc dng ty
108
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
mu.
- GV trnh din th nghim
Cl2 + NaOH NaCl + NaClO + H2O
4. Tc dng vi hp cht:
- Ti sao clo y c Br, I ra khi dung - Clo y c halogen yu hn ra khi dung dch mui
dch mui?
Cl2 + 2NaBr 2NaCl + Br2
kt lun
Cl2 + 2NaI 2NaCl + I2
- Vi hp cht khc:
Cl2 + 2FeCl2 2FeCl3
Cl2 + 2H2O + SO2 2HCl + H2SO4
Hot ng 3:iu ch
Mc tiu:Bit phng php iu ch clo trong phng th nghim v trong cng nghip
- Hot ng nhm: Vit cc phng trnh
phn ng , cn bng phn ng oxi ha
kh , xc nh cht kh , cht oxi ha khi
cho HCl c tc dng vi KClO 3, MnO2,
KMnO4, K2Cr2O7
- i din cc nhm ln bng vit
- Trong phng th nghim, clo c iu
ch bng cch cho axit clohiric c tc
dng vi cht oxi ho mnh(cht no?)
III. IU CH
1. Trong phng th nghim:
KClO3
MnO2
Cho axit HCl + Cht oxi ho mnh
KMnO 4
K 2 Cr2 O 7
1 t o
Mn O 2 4H Cl Mn Cl 2 Cl 2 2H 2 O
7
2K Mn O 4 16H Cl 2KCl 2 Mn Cl 2 5 Cl 2 8H 2O
2
K 2 Cr2 O 7 14H Cl 2KCl 2 Cr Cl 3 3Cl 2 7H 2O
- Gvthng tin v phng php diu ch KClO3 + 6HCl = KCl + 3Cl2 + 3H2O
clo trong cng nghip, hc sinh vit 2. Trong cng nghip
a. in phn Natri Clorua (nng chy)
PTHH
/ p
1
NaCl Na Cl 2
nc
2
b. in phn dung dch NaCl c mng ngn

1
/ p
GV gii thiu sn phm in phn , 2NaCl 2H2 O com.n 2NaOH Cl 2 H2

khng i su vo k thut in phn.
Hot ng 4:Trng thi t nhin v ng dng
Mc tiu: Bit c trng thi t nhin v ng dng ca clo
Gv v hc sinh pht vn rt ra cc IV. TRNG THI T NHIN NG DNG
im cn nm
1) Trng thi t nhin:
Trong t nhin, Clo tn ti dng hp cht, ch yu l
mui Clorua (NaCl). Mui NaCl c trong nc bin v
mui m, c trong khong vt nh Cacnalit
KCl.MgCl2.6H2O v xinvinit NaCl.KCl
2) ng dng:
St trng trong h thng cung cp nc sch.
Ty c khi x l nc thi.
109
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ty trng vi, si, giy.

Sn xut axit Clohidric, Clorua vi, . . .
4. Cng c: GV khc su kin thc trng tm ca bi l tnh oxi ha mnh ca Clo (hi
p)
5. Dn d:
- HS lm bi 1 7 trang 101 SGK.
- Chun b bi Hiro clorua- Axit clohiric- Mui clorua
Rt kinh nghim:
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Tit th 39:
BI 23: HIRO CLORUA- AXIT CLOHIRIC- MUI CLORUA (tit 1)
- Khi qut v nhm halogen
- Phn ng oxi ho kh
- Lin kt ho hc

- Cu to phn t, tnh cht ca hiro clorua
- Tnh cht vt l, tnh cht ho hc, iu ch axit
clohiric
I. MC TIU:
1.Kin thc:
Bit c:
- Cu to phn t, tnh cht ca hiro clorua (tan rt nhiu trong nc to thnh dung dch
axit clohiric).
110
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- Tnh cht vt l, iu ch axit clohiric trong phng th nghim v trong cng nghip.
- Dung dch HCl l mt axit mnh, c tnh kh .
2.K nng:
- D on, kim tra d on, kt lun c v tnh cht ca axit HCl.
- Vit cc PTHH chng minh tnh cht ho hc ca axit HCl.
3.Thi : Tch cc, ch ng, thc c s c hi ca clo
II. TRNG TM: Cu to phn t, tnh cht ca hiro clorua v axit clohiric.
III.PHNG PHP GING DY: Thuyt trnh- pht vn - Hot ng nhm
IV. CHUN B GIO C:
*Gio vin: Gio n, th nghim chng minh tnh axit v tnh kh ca HCl
V. TIN TRNH BI DY:
Vit PTHH hon thnh chui bin ho sau:
NaCl
(1)
KClO3
Cl2
(2) FeCl3
(3) Fe(OH)3
(4) Fe2O3
HCl
3.Bi mi:
b. Trin khai bi
HOT NG THY V TR
NI DUNG KIN THC
Hot ng 1: Hiro clorua
Mc tiu: Bit cu to phn t v tnh cht vt l ca hiro clorua
- Gia H v Cl hnh thnh bi loi lin kt I. HIRO CLORUA:
g? (Da vo m in)
1. Cu to phn t: Hp cht cng ho tr, phn t c
- Hs tr li
cc
gg
- Gv yu cu hs vit cng thc e, cng
H : Cl : hay H-Cl
gg
thc cu to ca hiro clorua
- Gv pht vn hs v tnh cht ca hiro 2. Tnh cht:
- Hidro Clorua l cht kh, khng mu, mi xc, c.
clorua Kt lun
- T khi d
M 36,5
1, 26 1 Nng hn
29
29
khng kh.
- Tan rt nhiu trong nc to thnh dung dch axit
HCl (0oC, gn 500lt HCl ho tan 1 lt nc).
111
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Hot ng 2: Axit clohiric

Mc tiu: Bit tnh cht vt l, tnh cht ho hc axit clohiric
- Gv pht vn hs v tnh cht vt l II. AXIT CLOHIRIC:
1. Tnh cht vt l:
- Cht lng khng mu, mi xc
- Khi lng ring D= 1,19g/cm3
- Dung dch HCl m c bc khi trong khng kh m
2. Tnh cht ho hc:
- Axit c nhng tnh cht ho hc a) Tnh axit: Axit HCl l axit mnh
c trng no?
1.Lm qu tm (xanh) .
- Hs tr li
- Hs thc hin th nghim chng 2.Tc dng vi kim loi (ng trc H)
minh theo nhm chng minh
n
nHCl M
MCl n
H2
tnh axit ca axit clohiric
(n: hoatrtha
p I cu
a k.loai M) 2
- Hs vit PTHH
V d:
Fe + 2HCl FeCl2 + H2
- Gv kt lun v tnh axit
Al + 3 HCl AlCl3 + 3/2H2
3. Tc dng vi axit baz, baz
Oxit baz
Muo
i Clorua +H2O
Baz
HCl
V d:
2HCl + CuO CuCl2 + H2O

2HCl + Mg(OH)2 MgCl2 + 2H2O
HCl + NaOH NaCl + H2O
4. Tc dng vi mui:
HCl + Mui Mui Clorua + Axit (mi)
(Sn phm phi c mui clorua hay axit (mi) l axit yu,
d bay hi).
V d:
2HCl + CaCO3 CaCl2 + H2O + CO2
HCl + AgNO3 AgCl + HNO3
HCl + Na2SO4
-Trong phn ng iu ch clo t

b)Tnh kh:
KClO3, HCl ng vai tr l cht g?
Do trong phn t HCl c s oxi ho 1 (Thp I)
- Hs tr li
1
4
2
1
0
Vy Cl trong HCl c s oxh -1 V d:
4H Cl Mn O 2 Mn Cl 2 + Cl 2 +H 2O
4
1
2
0
l mc thp nht nn th hin tnh
Pb O 2 4H Cl Pb Cl 2 + Cl 2 +2H 2O
kh
III. IU CH
1. Trong phng th nghim
Hs nghin cu SGK tr li phng
Cho NaCl(r) + H2SO4 (PP sunfat)
php iu ch HCl
112
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------o
t 250 C
NaCl (r) + H2SO4 NaHSO4 + HCl
t o 400 o C
2NaCl (r) + H2SO4 Na2SO4 + 2HCl

Kh HCl ho tan vo nc dd axit HCl
2. Trong cng nghip
- Tng hp t H2 v Cl2
H2 + Cl2 HCl
- Phng php sunfat (p trn)
- Thu t phn ng clo ho cc hp cht hu c:
CH4 + Cl2 CH3Cl + HCl
4. Cng c: GV khc su kin thc trng tm ca bi (hi p)
5. Dn d:
- HS lm bi 1, 2, 4, 6, 7 trang 106 SGK.
- Chun b phn iu ch HCl v mui clorua
Rt kinh nghim:
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113
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Tit th 40:
BI 23: HIRO CLORUA- AXIT CLOHIRIC- MUI CLORUA (tit 2)
- Tnh cht hiro clorua, axit clohiric

- iu ch axit clohiric
- Mui clorua, nhn bit ion clorua
I. MC TIU:
1.Kin thc:
Bit c: Tnh cht, ng dng ca mt s mui clorua, phn ng c trng ca ion clorua.
2.K nng:
- Phn bit dung dch HCl v mui clorua vi dung dch axit v mui khc.
- Tnh nng hoc th tch ca dung dch axit HCl tham gia hoc to thnh trong phn ng
.
II. TRNG TM: Nhn bit ion clorua
III.PHNG PHP GING DY: Thuyt trnh- pht vn- kt nhm
IV. CHUN B GIO C:
V. TIN TRNH BI DY:
MnO2
(1)
Cl2
(2) FeCl3
HCl
(3) AgCl
NaCl
(4)
3.Bi mi:
b. Trin khai bi
HOT NG THY V TR
NI DUNG KIN THC

114
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Hot ng 1: Mui clorua

Mc tiu: Bit tnh cht vt l v ng dng ca mt s mui clorua;
Phng php nhn bit ion clorua
IV. MUI CLORUA CCH NHN BIT ION
CLORUA (Cl)
1/. Mui Clorua:
- Gv yu cu hs xem SGK, cho bit tnh a s mui clorua tan trong nc, 1 s mui clorua
khng tan trong nc nh: AgCl (tr) ; t tan nh
tan ca mui clorua
PbCl2(tr), CuCl(tr) . . .
- Mui clorua no c ng dng rt quan 2/.ng dng:
trng ca mui clorua trong i sng v + NaCl: Mui n, /c NaOH, Cl2, nc Javel, axit HCl.
+ KCl: dng lm phn Kali.
sn xut?
+ ZnCl2: Cht chng mc g, t/d ty g.
- Ngoi ra, mui clorua cn c nhng
+ AlCl3: Cht xc tc trong tng hp hu c.
ng dng no?
+
BaCl
2 : tr su bnh.
- Hs tr li
Nhn bit:
- Gv kt lun
- Thuc th: dd AgNO3
- Du hiu phn bit: Khi nh dd AgNO 3 vo dd
axit HCl hay dd mui Clorua to trng (AgCl)
Cl + AgNO3 AgCl trng + NO3
Hot ng 2: Vn dng
Mc tiu: Rn luyn k nng nhn bit ion clorua, tnh ton ho hc n gin
- Hs tho lun theo nhm, vit s Vn dng:
nhn bit (5)
1/. Bng phng php ho hc hy nhn bit nhng dung
- Kim tra kt qu lm vic cc nhm, dch cha trong 3 l mt nhn sau: HCl, NaNO3, NaCl?
i din 1 nhm ln bng, nhm khc Gii:
nhn xt
- Dng qu tm nhn bit HCl (ho )
- Gv nh gi, kt lun
- Dng dd AgNO3 nhn bit NaCl ( kt ta trng)
- PTHH: NaCl + AgNO3 AgCl+ NaNO3
2/. BT7/106SGK:
HD:
a) Khi lng AgNO3 c trong 200g dd 8,5%:
a) Dng cng thc CM = n/V; c
mdd .C % 200.8,5
V, cn tm n Da vo AgNO3 (tm mct 100 100 17( g )
s mol)
m 17
b) Tng t, da vo th tch kh thu nAgCl M 170 0,1mol
c tm s mol HCl, tm nng
PTHH : HCl AgNO3 AgCl HNO3
%:
Xmol
xmol
m .100
C % ct
S mol HCl = S mol AgCl = 0,1 mol
mdd
0,1
- Hs lm vic theo nhm, i din 2 CM V 0,15 0, 66M

nhm ln bng trnh by
- Nhm khc nhn xt, b sung
115
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- Gv nh gi
b) S mol kh: n
V
2, 24
0,1mol
22, 4 22, 4
PTHH: HCl + NaHCO3 NaCl + CO2 + H2O

S mol HCl = S mol CO2 = 0,1 mol
Khi lng HCl: m=n.M= 0,1. 36,5=3,65(g)
Nng %:
C%
mct .100 3, 65.100
7,3%
mdd
50
4. Cng c: GV khc su trng tm cch nhn bit ion clorua

5. Dn d:
- HS lm bi 5.19,5.22 SBT
- Chun b bi Thc hnh s 2
Rt kinh nghim:
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Tit th 41:
BI THC HNH S 2: TNH CHT HO HC
CA KH CLO V HP CHT CA CLO
- Tnh cht ca clo,
Cng c kin thc, rn luyn k nng v:
- Tnh cht ca nc clo
- Nhn bit axit, ion clorua
I. MC TIU:
1.Kin thc:
Bit c mc ch, cc bc tin hnh, k thut thc hin ca cc th nghim:
+ iu ch clo trong phng th nghim, tnh ty mu ca clo m.
+ iu ch axit HCl t H2SO4 c v NaCl .
+ Bi tp thc nghim nhn bit cc dung dch, trong c dung dch cha ion Cl-.
116
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2.K nng:
3.Thi :
- Tch cc, ch ng
- Cn thn khi lm vic vi ho cht c, nguy him
II. TRNG TM:
- iu ch Cl2 v th tnh ty mu
- iu ch HCl v th tnh cht axit
- Nhn bit ion Cl .
III.PHNG PHP GING DY: Pht vn- kt nhm
IV. CHUN B GIO C:
*Gio vin:
- Dng c: ng nghim, n cn, gi st, kp g, bt la, giy mu, ...
- Ho cht: KMnO4, HCl c, NaCl tinh th, H 2SO4 c, nc ct, dd NaNO 3, dd AgNO3,
qu tm, ...
V. TIN TRNH BI DY:
2.Kim tra bi c:
3.Bi mi:
b. Trin khai bi
HOT NG THY V TR
NI DUNG KIN THC
Hot ng 1: Ni dung
Mc tiu: Kim tra s chun b ni dung thc hnh ca hc sinh; Cng c kin thc v clo,
HCl, nhn bit ion clorua; Nhng dim cn lu
Hot ng 1:
I. Ni dung:
-GV: Yu cu hs nu ni dung th nghim 1. iu ch kh Clo. Th tnh ty mu ca kh
1Thay i dng c(ng nh git)
Clo m:
-GV hi ti sao phi thay i cch thc hin - ng nghim: KMnO4 (bng 2 ht ng)
th nghim ch v th tnh ty mu kh clo - y ming ng nghim bng nt cao su c km
ng nh git cha dd HCl c.
m?
- Lu : Lm ng hng dn, trnh to ra - Kp 1 mnh giy mu m ming ng nghim
- t ng nghim trn gi ng nghim
qu nhiu kh clo
- M kho ng nh git cho 3-4 git HCl c vo
KMnO4.
Hot ng 2:
- Gv yu cu hs nu cch tin hnh th nghim 2. iu ch axit clohiric:
117
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2
- Kp ng nghim (1) trn gi th nghim
- Hng dn HS quan st hin tng xy ra.
- Cho vo khong: 2g NaCl rn + 3ml dd H 2SO4
-GV nhc nh nhng yu cu thc hin trong c
bui thc hnh: HS cn thn khi dng H 2SO4 -y ng nghim bng nt cao su c gn ng dn
c.
thu tinh hnh ch L dn sang ng nghim (2) c
Lu : Khi dng th nghim phi b ng cha 3ml H2O.
nghim (2) ra trc, sau mi tt n - un nh ng nghim (1) bng n cn.
cn, nc khng dng t ng nghim (2)
sang ng nghim (1) gy v ng nghim
Hot ng 3:
3. BT thc nghim phn bit cc dung dch
- Gv pht vn hs v cch nhn bit ion clorua C 3 l ho cht mt nhn: dd HCl, dd NaCl, dd
-Hs trnh by cch nhn bit
HNO3.
Hng dn HS quan st hin tng xy ra.
- GV hng dn HS nh s 1, 2, 3 vo cc
.n.
Tho lun cch nhn bit .
Hot ng 2: Thc hnh
Mc tiu: Rn luyn k nng thc hnh, quan st hin tng, nhn xt ca hc sinh
Hs tin hnh thc hnh
II. Thc hnh
GV bao qut lp, hng dn khi cn
4. Nhn xt- Dn d:
- Hon thnh v thc hnh
- Chun b bi S lc v hp cht c oxi ca clo
Rt kinh nghim:
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118
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Tit th 42:
BI 24: S LC V HP CHT C OXI CA CLO
- Tnh cht ho hc ca clo

- Thnh phn, tnh cht, ng dng, iu ch nc
javel, clorua vi
I. MC TIU:
1.Kin thc:
- Bit c: Thnh phn ha hc, ng dng, nguyn tc sn xut.
- Hiu c: Tnh oxi ha mnh ca mt s hp cht c oxi ca clo (nc Gia-ven, clorua
vi).
2.K nng:
- Vit c cc PTHH minh ho tnh cht ha hc v iu ch nc Gia-ven, clorua vi .
- S dng c hiu qu, an ton nc Gia-ven, clorua vi trong thc t.
II. TRNG TM:
Tnh oxi ha mnh, ng dng, nguyn tc sn xut ca mt s hp cht c oxi ca clo.
IV. CHUN B GIO C:
V. TIN TRNH BI DY:
Bng phng php ho hc, hy nhn bit cc dung dch cha trong cc l mt nhn sau:
HCl, NaOH, NaNO3, NaCl?
3.Bi mi:
a. t vn : Sn phm ca phn ng gia kh clo v dung dch NaOH l g? Vo bi
b. Trin khai bi
HOT NG THY V TR
NI DUNG KIN THC
Hot ng 1: Nc javen
Mc tiu: Bit thnh phn, tnh cht, ng dng, iu ch nc javel
- Sn phm ca phn ng gia kh clo I. NC JAVEL: dd hn hp NaCl, NaClO
vi dd NaOH l g? Hc sinh vit
(Natri hipoclorit)
PTHH
1. Tnh cht:
- Gv thng tin v nc javen
* NaClO l mui ca axit yu (yu hn H 2CO3) nn d tc
- NaClO to nn t axit no?
dng
vi
CO2
ca
khng
kh
119
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- Gv thng tin v axit hipoclor Tnh * Tnh oxi ho mnh nn c tnh ty mu

cht ca nc javen? ng dng
2. ng dng
Gv trnh chiu th nghim v tnh ty Nc Javel c dng: St trng;
mu ca nc javen
Ty trng vi, giy, si
3. iu ch
Cho Cl2 tc dng vi NaOH long, ngui:
0
1
1
- Da vo kin thc hc, hy cho bit
Cl2 2NaOH NaCl NaCl O H2O
Natri Hipoclorit
nc javen c iu ch bng cch
1 4 4 44
2 4 4 4 43 (*)
N
c Javel
no?
- Hc sinh tr li
Trong cng nghip: Ngi ta iu ch bng cch
- Gv kt lun
in phn dd NaCl khng c vch ngn.
NaCl + H2O /p
NaOH + Cl2 + H2
v khng c vch ngn gia 2 cc nn Cl 2 tc dng vi
NaOH theo phng trnh (*).
o
k vach
ngan
NaCl + H2O /p
NaClO + H2
Hot ng 2: Clorua vi
Mc tiu: Bit thnh phn, tnh cht, ng dng, iu ch clorua vi
- Gv gii thiu cng thc ho hc
II. CLORUA VI: CaOCl2
- Trong phn t c gc ClO , nh vy
1. Tnh cht
clorua vi c cht g?
L cht bt mu trng, c mi xc ca kh Clo.
- Hs tr li
C tnh oxi ho mnh.
Vit PTHH chng minh tnh oxi
Tc dng vi axit HCl
ho?
CaOCl2 + 2HCl CaCl2 + Cl2 + H2O
- Clorua vi to nn axit hipocloro (l
mt axit yu) nn trong khng kh m
Tc dng vi CO2 (Trong khng kh m)

n cng c phn ng vi CO2 v hi
2. ng dng
nc nh nc javen
Dng ty trng si, vi, giy, ty nc.
- Hs vit PTHH
X l cc cht c.
- ng dng?
Dng trong tinh ch du m.
3. iu ch
Cho Cl2 tc dng vi dd Ca(OH)2 30oC:
- Tng t nc javen, clorua vi 0
1
1
cng c to nn t phn ng gia Cl 2 Ca (OH) 2 Ca Cl 2 Ca (Cl O) 2 H 2 O

kh clo v dd Ca(OH)2, 300C
Cloruavo
i
- Hc sinh vit PTHH
H2O
- Gv gii thiu phng php iu ch hay Cl 2 Ca(OH)2 CaOCl
14 2 432
Clorua vo
i
t CaO
120
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4. Cng c:
- Nc javen v clorua vi c tnh cht g? ng dng?iu ch?
5. Dn d:
- HS lm bi 1,2,3,4,5 SGK
- Chun b bi Flo-Brm-It
Rt kinh nghim:
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Tit th 43:
BI 25: FLO- BRM- IT (tit 1)
- Tnh cht ho hc chung ca nhm - Tnh cht vt l, trng thi t nhin, tnh cht
halogen
ho hc ca Flo, Brm, It
- So snh tnh oxi ho ca Flo, Clo, Brm, It;
Tnh axit ca HF, HCl, HBr, HI
I. MC TIU:
1.Kin thc:
Bit c: S lc v tnh cht vt l, trng thi t nhin, ng dng, iu ch flo, brom, iot
v mt vi hp cht ca chng.
Hiu c :
Tnh cht ho hc c bn ca flo, brom, iot l tnh oxi ho, flo c tnh oxi ho mnh nht;
nguyn nhn tnh oxi ho gim dn t flo n iot.
2.K nng:
- D on, kim tra v kt lun c tnh cht ho hc c bn ca flo, brom, iot.
- Vit c cc phng trnh ha hc chng minh tnh cht ho hc ca flo, brom, iot v
tnh oxi ha gim dn t flo n iot.
3.Thi : Tch cc, ch ng trong hot ng nhm
II. TRNG TM:
nguyn nhn tnh oxi ho gim dn t flo n iot
IV. CHUN B GIO C:
121
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

V. TIN TRNH BI DY:
Vit PTHH hon thnh chui bin ho sau (ghi r iu kin phn ng- nu c):
NaCl
MnO2
(1)
Cl2
(2)
Br2
(6)
CaOCl
2
(3)
CaCl2
(4)
CaCO3
AgBr
3.Bi mi:
a. t vn : Tnh cht ho hc c bn ca halogen l g? Vo bi
b. Trin khai bi
HOT NG THY V TR
NI DUNG KIN THC
Hot ng 1: Ni dung hot ng nhm
Mc tiu: Hc sinh xc nh cc ni dung cn tho lun
- Gv nu cc ni dung cn tho lun ca tng cht Cc ni dung tho lun:
- Hc sinh chia nhm 2 thnh vin
- Trng thi t nhin, tnh cht vt l
- Tnh cht ho hc
Hot ng 2: Hot ng nhm
Mc tiu: Hc sinh ch ng rt ra kt lun v trng thi t nhin, tnh cht ca flo, brom, iot
Hc sinh tho lun theo I. FLO
nhm 2 thnh vin rt ra 1.Trng thi t nhin
cc ni dung
- Trong t nhin, Flo ch tn ti dng hp cht. Hp cht ca Flo c
Gv bao qut lp
trong men rng ca ngi v ng vt, trong l cy ca 1 s loi cy,
phn ln tp trung trong 2 khong vt: Florit (CaF2), Criolit (Na3AlF6).
- Cht kh, mu lc nht, rt c
2. Tnh cht ho hc
a. Tc dng vi kim loi: Flo l phi kim mnh nht nn oxi ho hu ht
cc kim loi k c Au v Pt.
V d:
3
F2 AuF3 (Vng florua)
2
3
Fe F2 FeF3 (St III Florua)
2
Au
b. Tc dng vi phi kim: (Tr oxi v Nit)

V d: F2 + C CF4
c. Tc dng vi Hidr: H2 tc dng vi F2 ngay to thp (250oC)
122
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
i din hs ln bng
H2 (K) + F2 (K) 2HF(K) =288,6KJ/mu
trnh by tng ni dung
(Phn ng gy n mnh to rt thp)
Hs khc nhn xt, b d. Tc dng vi nc: Khi Flo i qua nc, th nc bc chy
sung
2F2 + 2H2O 4HF + O2
II. BROM
1. Trng thi t nhin tnh cht vt l
Ging Clo, Brom tn ti trong t nhin dng hp cht, ch yu l
mui Bromua Kali, Natri, Magie.
Hm lng Brom trong t nhin t hn Clo v Flo.
Mui Bromua c trong nc bin.
Brom l cht lng mu nu , d bay hi, Brom t tan trong
nc, nhng tan nhiu trong dung mi hu c.
2. Tnh cht ho hc: Brom l cht oxi ho mnh nhng km Clo.
a. Tc dng vi kim loi: Oxi ho nhiu kim loi, phn ng to nhit.

3
2
1
Na Br2 NaBr
2
V d: Fe Br2 FeBr3 (St (III) Bromua)

(Natri Bromua)
b. Tc dng vi Hidr: Phn ng khng gy n, khi un nng phn ng

cng to nhit, nhng t hn so vi phn ng ca Clo.
H2 + Br2 2HBr
=35,98 KJ/mol
c. Tc dng vi nc: Phn ng kh khn hn so vi phn ng ca Clo.

0
Br2 H 2 O
H Br H Br O
d. Tc dng vi dd mui Iot: Brom oxi ho c I.

V d: Br2 + 2NaI 2NaBr + 2I2
e. Tc dng vi cht oxi ho mnh:
0
V d: Vi nc Clo: Br 2 5Cl2 6H 2 O 2H Br O3 10H Cl

Br2: Th hin tnh kh.
Cl2: Th hin tnh oxi ho.
III. IOT
1. Trng thi t nhin tnh cht vt l
Trong t nhin iot tn ti dng hp cht, c trong 1 s loi rong
bin, tuyn gip ca ngi.
nhit thng iot l tinh th c mu tm en, c v sng kim
123
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
loi.
2. Tnh cht ha hc
a)
Tc dng vi kim loi: Oxi ho nhiu kim loi.
V d:
2 Na I 2
0
1 1
to
2 Na I
2 1
Fe I 2 Fe I 2
0
H O
(Natri Iotua)
(St II Iotua)
3 1
2Al 3I 2 2 2 Al I 3 (Nhm Iotua)

b)
Tc dng vi Hidr:
Iot tc dng vi hidr nhit cao, phn ng thun nghch.
H2 (k) + I2 (r) HI H = +25,94 KJ/mol
c)
Tc dng vi h tinh bt: Iot + h tinh bt c mu xanh.
H tinh bt l thuc th nhn bit iot v ngc li.

Hot ng 3: Trnh by
Mc tiu: Trnh by, kt lun v s so snh trng thi t nhin, tnh cht ca cc cht
Gv nhn xt, kt lun v tnh oxi ho ca cc cht
Kt lun:
Gv pht vn hc sinh cc cu hi, sau kt lun:
- Tnh oxi ho ca F2>Cl2>Br2>I2
-T nhng kin thc hc, hy cho bin tnh oxi ho
ca cc hal bin i nh th no t flo n it. V sao? - Tnh axit ca HF<HCl<HBr<HI
- Gv biu din th nghim so snh tnh oxh ca Cl2, Br2,
I2
- V sao F2 khng y c cc hal yu hn ra khi
dung dch mui ca n trong khi Cl2, Br2 th c?
Gv thng tin gii thch Thng tin v tnh axit cc
hp cht
4. Cng c: Cng c v so snh tnh cht ho hc
5. Dn d:
- Hon thnh ni dung tho lun, tit sau trnh by
- Lm bi tp
Rt kinh nghim:
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124
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Tit th 44:
125
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
BI 25: FLO- BRM- IT (tit 2)

- Tnh cht ho hc chung ca nhm - So snh tnh oxi ho ca Flo, Clo, Brm, It;
halogen
Tnh axit ca HF, HCl, HBr, HI Nguyn nhn
- Tnh cht vt l, trng thi t nhin, tnh
cht ho hc Flo, Brm, It
I. MC TIU:
1.Kin thc:
Hiu c : Tnh cht ho hc c bn ca flo, brom, iot l tnh oxi ho, flo c tnh oxi ho
mnh nht; nguyn nhn tnh oxi ho gim dn t flo n iot.
2.K nng:
- D on, kim tra v kt lun c tnh cht ho hc c bn ca flo, brom, iot.
- Quan st th nghim, hnh nh...rt ra c nhn xt .
- Tnh khi lng brom, iot v mt s hp cht tham gia hoc to thnh trong phn ng.
II. TRNG TM:
nguyn nhn tnh oxi ho gim dn t flo n iot
IV. CHUN B GIO C:
V. TIN TRNH BI DY:
2.Kim tra bi c: Khng (kim tra trong bi)
3.Bi mi:
a. t vn : Cc em tho lun, hon thnh ni dung bi trong tit trc, by gi s lm
thc nghim kim chng
b. Trin khai bi
HOT NG THY V TR
NI DUNG KIN THC
Hot ng 1: Nhn mnh ni dung bi hc
Mc tiu: Kim tra kt qu lm vic, t nghin cu ca hc sinh, cng c kin thc v halogen
- Gv gi ln lt hc sinh ng ti ch trnh by trng tm phn tnh cht ho hc, nhn
mnh phn ng ca flo vi nc, phn ng n mn thu tinh ca HF, phn ng ca it
vi h tinh bt, so snh mc phn ng ca 4 halogen; Hiu c s bin i tnh oxi
ho ca cc nguyn t halogen v nguyn nhn; s bin i tnh axit v tnh kh ca hp
cht HX
- Hs lm th nghim kim chng theo nhm: Br2 + NaI; I2 + h tinh bt
126
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Hot ng 2: Luyn tp
Mc tiu: Vn dng kin thc v halogen lm bi tp
Hs tho lun theo cp i 5, tm BT1:
phng php gii
PTHH
i din hs ln bng gii, hs khc nhn 2KMnO4 + 16HCl 2KCl+ 2MnCl2 + 5Cl2 + 8H2O
xt, b sung
(1)
Gv nhn xt, nh gi
a mol
2,5a mol
BT1: iu ch kh clo trong PTN, KClO3 + 6HCl 2KCl+3Cl2 + 3H2O (2)
ngi ta c th dng cc cht oxi ho a mol
3a mol
mnh nh KMnO4, KClO3 hoc MnO2. MnO2 + 4HCl MnCl2 + Cl2 + 2H2O (3)
Nu cho cc cht trn vi s mol bng a mol
a mol
nhau th dng cht no s thu c s Da vo ptp, p 2 s thu c s mol Cl2 ln nht
mol kh clo ln nht?
Vy, dng KClO3 s thu c lng Cl2 ln nht
BT2: Hon thnh chui phn ng sau:
KClO3 Cl2 Br2 I 2 HI
BT2:
1) KClO3 + 6HCl 2KCl+3Cl2 + 3H2O

CaOCl2 CaCl2
2) Cl2 + 2NaBr 2NaCl + Br2
BT3: Ho tan 37,125 gam hn hp cc 3) Br2 + 2NaI 2NaBr + I2
mui NaCl v NaI vo nc. Cho va 4) I2 + H2 2HI
o
kh clo i qua dung dch ri em c 5)Cl2 + Ca(OH)2 30 C CaOCl2 + H2O
cn. Nung cht rn thu c cho n khi 6) CaOCl2+ 2HCl CaCl2 + Cl2 + H2O
mu tm bay ht, b rn cn li sau khi BT3:
nung c khi lng 23,4 gam. Tnh Gi x, y ln lt l s mol ca NaCl v NaI trong hh
thnh phn phn trm mi mui trong Ta c: 58,5x + 150y = 37,125 (1)
hn hp u?
PT: Cl2 + 2NaI 2NaCl + I2
ymol ymol
Khi lng mui thu c: x + y mol NaCl
Nn: 58,5(x+y) = 23,4 x + y = 0,4 (2)
T (1) v (2) ta c hpt:
58,5 x 150 y 37,125 x 0, 25
x y 0, 4
y 0,15
Khi lng NaCl ban u=58,5.0,25=14,625(g)

%NaCl= (14,625.100)/37,125=39,4%
%NaI = 100-39,4 = 60,6%
4. Cng c:
- Axit no c kh nng n mn thu tinh?
- Hal no lm h tinh bt c mu xanh thm?
- T flo n it, tnh oxh tng hay gim? V sao?
- Tnh axit, tnh kh t HF n HI bin i nh th no?
5. Dn d:
127
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- HS lm bi 7,8,9,10,11/114 SGK
- Chun b bi Luyn tp
Rt kinh nghim:
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Tit th 45:
BI 26: LUYN TP: NHM HALOGEN (tit 1)
I. MC TIU:
1.Kin thc: Cng c kin thc v nhm halogen: Cu to nguyn t, phn t, tnh cht
ho hc ca n cht v hp cht hal, phng php iu ch, nhn bit ion hal.
2.K nng: Rn luyn k nng vit PTHH, hon thnh chui phn ng, nhn bit cht
II. TRNG TM:
Cu to lp e ngoi cng ca hal, tnh cht ho hc c bn ca flo, brom, iot l tnh oxi ho,
flo c tnh oxi ho mnh nht; Vit PTHH hon thnh chui phn ng, nhn bit ion halogen
III.PHNG PHP GING DY: Thuyt trnh- pht vn - kt nhm
IV. CHUN B GIO C:
*Gio vin: Gio n
V. TIN TRNH BI DY:
3.Bi mi:
a. t vn : Chng ta kt thc chng 5, s c 2 tit luyn tp, 1 tit thc hnh, sau
kim tra 1 tit
b. Trin khai bi
128
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
HOT NG THY V TR
NI DUNG KIN THC
Mc tiu: Cng c kin thc v cc nguyn t nhm halogen: Cu to nguyn t, tnh cht, iu
ch, nhn bit ion halogenua; Rn luyn k nng nhn bit, vit PTHH ca hc sinh
Gv pht vn HS v cc nguyn t halogen qua I. Kin thc cn nm vng: (SGK)
cc cu hi:
Nhn bit ion halogenua:
- Cu hnh chung lp e ngoi cng nguyn t ca
- Thuc th: Dung dch AgNO3
cc nguyn t halogen?
- Hin tng:
- Tnh cht c bn ca n cht cc nguyn t
F-: Khng c hin tng
nhm halogen?
Cl-: Kt ta trng ca AgCl
- So snh tnh oxi ho ca F2, Cl2, Br2, I2? Tnh
Br-: Kt ta vng nht ca AgBr
axit, tnh kh ca HF, HCl, HBr, HI?
I-: Kt ta vng ca AgI
- Axit no c kh nng n mn thu tinh?
V d: Nhn bit cc dung dich sau: NaCl, NaBr,
- Phn ng nhn bit n cht iot?
NaF, NaI, HCl, HNO3, NaOH?
...
- Thuc th: Qu tm, dd AgNO3
- Gv yu cu hc sinh trnh by cch nhn bit
Hng dn cch nhn bit bng s v bng
li
Hot ng 2: Bi tp
Mc tiu: Rn luyn k nng vit CTHH, PTHH, hon thnh chui phn ng
-Mi bn 1 nhm, hc sinh tho II. Bi tp:
lun tm CTHH v vit PTHH Vit PTHH hon thnh cc dy bin ho sau (ghi r k nu c)
hon thnh chui phn ng
a)
Manganioxit
CloHirocloruaCloCanxi
- i din 3 nhm ln bng trnh cloruaCanxi hiroxitClorua vi
by, cc nhm khc b sung
b) KalipemanganatCloKalicloruaCloAxit hipocloro
- Gv kt lun, nh gi
NatrihipocloritNatricloruaCloSt(III)clorua
c) CloBrmIt
HirocloruaSt(II)cloruaSt(II)hiroxitSt(II)oxit
4. Cng c:
- Thuc th nhn bit ion halogenua?
- Hin tng?
5. Dn d:
- HS lm bi tp trang 118,119 SGK
- Chun b bi tp 11,12/119 SGK
Rt kinh nghim:
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Tit th 46:
BI 26: LUYN TP: NHM HALOGEN (tit 2)
I. MC TIU:
1.Kin thc: Cng c kin thc v halogen, axit clohiric
2.K nng: Rn luyn k nng gii bi tp v halogen, axit clohric
130
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

II. TRNG TM:
Gii bi tp v halogen, axit clohiric
IV. CHUN B GIO C:
*Gio vin: Gio n
V. TIN TRNH BI DY:
3.Bi mi:
a. t vn : chun b bi tp nh, by gi ln bng trnh by
b. Trin khai bi
Hot ng ca thy v tr
Ni dung bi hc
- Hc sinh chun b bi tp BT1: BT11/SGK
11,12/119
Hng dn:
- Hai hc sinh ln bng trnh by
a) S mol NaCl = 0,1 mol
- Hc sinh khc theo di, nhn xt, b S mol AgNO3 = 0,2 mol
sung
PT: NaCl + AgNO3 AgCl + NaNO3
- Gio vin nh gi
AgNO3 d nn s mol AgNO3 = S mol NaCl = 0,1
BT1: Cho 300ml mt dung dch c mol
ho tan 5,85 g NaCl tc dng vi Khi lng AgCl = 0,1.143,5=14,35g
200ml dung dch c ho tan 34g b) Dung dch thu c gm: 0,1 mol NaNO 3 v 0,1
AgNO3, ngi ta thu c mt kt ta mol AgNO3 d
v nc lc
Nng mol ca:
a)Tnh khi lng cht kt ta thu
0,1
0,1
0,
2
M
0, 2 M
NaNO
=
;
AgNO
=
3
3
c
0,3 0, 2
0,3 0, 2
b)Tnh nng mol ca cht cn li BT2: (BT12/SGK) Hng dn
trong nc lc. Cho rng th tch nc S mol MnO = 0,8 mol
2
lc thu c thay i khng ng k
MnO2 +4HCl MnCl2 + Cl2 + 2H2O
BT2: Cho 69,6g MnO2 tc dng vi
S mol clo to thnh = S mol MnO2 = 0,8 mol
dung dch HCl c, d. Dn kh thot
Cl2 + 2NaOH NaCl + NaClO + H2O
ra i vo 500ml dung dch NaOH
S mol NaOH = 0,5.4=2 mol
4M( nhit thng)
So snh thy c s mol NaOH d = 2-1,6=0,4 mol
a)Vit PTHH ca cc phn ng xy ra
S mol NaCl = S mol NaClO= S mol Cl2= 0,8 mol
b)Xc nh nng mol ca cc cht
Nng mol cc cht thu c:
c trong dung dch sau phn ng. Xem
0,8
0, 4
th tch thay i khng ng k
1, 6 M ; NaOH d=
0,8M
NaCl =NaClO=
0,5
0,5
BT3:
BT3: Ch dng mt thuc th, hy - Thuc th: Qu tm nhn bit c HCl, NaOH
nhn bit cc dung dch sau: HCl, - Ly HCl nhn bit AgNO3
131
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NaOH, AgNO3, CaCl2, NaNO3?
- Ly AgNO3 nhn bit CaCl2

BT4: Hng dn lp h phng trnh v gii
BT4: Ho tan 31,4 gam hn hp gm

Al v Zn tc dng va vi dung
dch HCl 2M, thu c 15,69 lt H2
(kc)
a) Tnh % khi lng tng cht trong
hn hp
b) Tnh khi lng dung dch HCl
dng
4. Cng c:
- So snh s mol cht phn ng
5. Dn d:
- Xem li kin thc v halogen, axit clohiric
- Chun b h tinh bt theo t
- Chun b bi Thc hnh s 3
Rt kinh nghim:
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132
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Tit 47
Bi 28:
BI THC HNH S 3
TNH CHT HO HC CA BROM V IOT
I/MC TIU:
1. Kin thc: Bit c mc ch, cc bc tin hnh, k thut thc hin ca cc th nghim:
+ So snh tnh oxi ho ca clo v brom.
+ So snh tnh oxi ho ca brom v iot.
+ Tc dng ca iot vi tinh bt.
2 K nng:
- Hon thnh v thc hnh
3.Thi : Cn thn trong thao tc thc hnh, nghim tc
II/ TRNG TM:
- So snh hat ng ha hc ca clo, brom v iot
- Nhn bit I2 bng h tinh bt.
III/PHNG PHP GING DY:
THC NGHIM
IV/ CHUN B:
*Gv chun b:
Dng c: ng nghim, ng nh git, cp g, gi ng nghim, n cn, nc brom.
Ha cht:Dung dch NaBr, dung dch NaI, nc clo, h tinh bt, nc iot, nc brom.
Dng c ha cht thc hnh theo nhm.
*Hs: hc l thuyt, qui trnh thc nghim trc khi i thc hnh
133
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V/ TIN TRNH LN LP:

1.n nh lp: Kim tra s s, ng phc.
2.Kim tra bi c: (5 pht) GV kim tra l thuyt HS trc khi lm thc nghim
3.Bi mi:
a) t vn : Dn dt t tnh cht ha hc ca halogen
b) Trin khai bi dy:
HOT NG THY V TR
Hot ng 1
GV: Hng dn hc sinh tin hnh th nghim:
ng 1 + 1 ml dd NaBr + nc clo + lc nh
Cho bit kh nng oxi ha ca brom i vi clo?
-HS: Tin hnh th nghim v quan st cc hin
tng xy ra v gii thch.
-HS: Tho lun v nhn xt
NI DUNG KIN THC

I. NI DUNG TH NGHIM V
CCH TIN HNH.
1. So snh tnh oxi ha ca brom v
clo.
*Hin tng: C kh mu vng lc thot
ra sau phn ng.
*Pt: NaBr+Cl2->2NaCl +Br2
Kl : Tnh oxi ho Cl>Br
Hot ng 2:
2. So snh tnh oxi ha ca brom v iot
GV:Hng dn hc sinh tin hnh th nghim:
*Hin tng: Sau phn ng dung dch c
ng 1 + 1 ml dd NaI + nc brom + lc nh.
mu cam nht
-Cho bit kh nng oxi ha ca iot i vi *Pt: NaI+Br22NaBr +I2
brom?
Kl : Tnh oxi ho Br>I
HS: Tin hnh th nghim v quan st cc hin
-> Tho lun v nhn xt
Hot ng 3:
3. Tc dng ca iot vi h tinh bt.
Hng dn hc sinh tin hnh th nghim:
Hin tng: H tinh bt chuyn sang
-ng 1 + 1 ml h tinh bt+ nc iot.
mu xanh,khi un nng mu xanh
un nng ng nghim, sau ngui
bin mt. ngui th mu xanh hin ra.
HS: Tin hnh th nghim v quan st cc hin
=>quan st hin tng xy ra v gii thch
Hot ng 4:
II. HC SINH VIT TNG TRNH
* GV nhn xt
*Yu cu hc sinh vit tng trnh
4.Cng c: Tnh oxi ha ca clo mnh hn brom, mnh hn it; Nhn bit it bng h tinh
bt
5.Dn d: Hon thnh v thc hnh, np li cho GV.
Rt kinh nghim:
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134
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...

Tit th 48: KIM TRA 1 TIT- LN 3
I. MC TIU KIM TRA:
- Kim tra kh nng tip thu kin thc ca hc sinh v nhm halogen v hp cht
135
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- Kim tra k nng vn dng kin thc vo gii bi tp

II. NI DUNG KIN THC V K NNG CN KIM TRA:
1. Kin thc:
1.1/. Halogen:
- Tnh cht ho hc ca cc n cht halogen
- iu ch
1.2/. Axit clohiric v mui halogenua:
- Tnh cht ho hc ca HCl long, c
- Tnh tan ca mui halogenua
2. K nng:
2.1 . So snh tnh oxi ho, tnh axit, tnh kh
2.2. Xc nh s oxi ho
2.3. Cn bng phn ng oxi ho kh
2.4. Xc nh sn phm to thnh
2.5. Tnh thnh phn phn trm cc cht
2.6. Xc nh kim loi
III.HNH THC KIM TRA: 8 cu trc nghim, 3-4 cu t lun
IV.LP MA TRN KIM TRA:
Ni dung
Halogen
Nhn bit
TN
C1)So snh tnh
oxh cc halogen
(0,5)
C5)Nc clo (0,5)
TL
Thng hiu
TN
TL
C4)S
oxh
ca clo
(0,5)
HCl-Mui C2)So snh tnh C1)Nh

halogenua axit HX (0,5)
n
C3)Tnh
kh bit(1,5
HX(0,5)
)
C7)
P
oxh
kh(0,5)
Tng hp
im
C3) Kim
loi phn
ng
vi
HCl (1,5)
2
Vn dng thp
Vn dng cao
TN
TL
TN
TL
C8) iu
C6)Cl2 ch clo
+
(0,5)
ddKO
H
(0,5)
C2)Chu
i phn
ng (2)
3
C4)Xc
nh
kim loi
(1)
1
V. KIM TRA V HNG DN CHM:

136
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. kim tra:
A> TR C NGHIM
Cu 1 :Trong nhm halogen, tnh oxi ha thay i theo th t
A. F > Cl > Br > I
B. F < Cl < Br < I
C. F > Cl > I > Br
D. F < Cl < I < Br
Cu 2 : S xi ho ca Clo trong cc cht : NaCl, NaClO, KClO3, Cl2, KClO4 ln lt l :
A . -1, +1, +3, 0, +7.
B. -1, +1, +5, 0, +7.
C . -1, +3, +5, 0, +7.
D. +1, -1, +5, 0, +3.
Cu 3: Tnh axit ca cc HX c sp xp theo th t gim dn l
A. HF, HCl, HBr, HI
B. HI, HBr, HCl, HF
C. HCl, HBr, HI, HF
D. HBr, HCl, HI, HF
Cu 4: Trong s cc HX di y, cht no c tnh kh mnh nht?
A. HF
B. HBr
C. HCl
D. HI
Cu 5: Sc Cl2 vo nc, thu c nc clo mu vng nht. Trong nc clo c cha cc cht:
A.Cl2, H2O B. HCl,HClO C. HCl, HClO, H2O
D. Cl2, HCl, HClO, H2O
Cu 6: Ho tan kh Cl2 vo dung dch KOH ngui, d, dung dch thu c c cc cht thuc
dy no di y?
A. KCl, KClO3, Cl2
B. KCl, KClO3, KOH, H2O
C. KCl, KClO, KOH, H2O
D. KCl, KClO3
Cu 7: Trong PTN, Cl2 thng c iu ch theo phn ng
HClc +
KMnO4 KCl + MnCl2 + Cl2 +
H2O
H s cn bng ca HCl l
A. 4
B. 8
C. 10
D. 16
Cu 8: Cho 15,8g KMnO4 tc dng hon ton vi dung dch HCl c,d. Th tch kh thu c
ktc l :
A. 4,8 lt
B. 5,6 lt
C. 0,56 lt
D. 8,96 lt
B> T LUN
Cu 1: Bng phng php ho hc hy nhn bit cc dung dch ng trong cc l mt nhn sau:
HI, NaCl, HF.
Cu 2: Hon thnh chui phn ng sau:
1
MnO2
Cl2
Clorua vi
CaCl2
AgCl
Cu 3: Ho tan hon ton 10 gam hn hp X gm Zn v Cu vo mt lng va dung dich
axit clohiric 0,5M thu c 2,24 lit kh hiro (ktc). Tnh % khi lng tng cht trong Y?
Cu 4: Cho 4 gam kim loi A c ho tr khng i phn ng va vi 2,24 lt kh clo (kc)
thu c hp cht B. Tm cng thc ho hc ca B?
(Cho K=39; Mn=55; O=16; Na=23;Cl=35,5;H=1; Zn=65; Cu=65; Ca=40; Mg=24; Na=23
2.Hng dn chm:
A. Phn trc nghim: Mi cu 0,5 x 8 = 4
137
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cu
p n
1
A
2
B
3
B
4
D
5
D
6
C
7
D
8
B
B. Phn t lun:
Cu1: Nhn bit c HI, NaCl (1); Phng trnh (0,5)
Cu 2: Mi phng trnh ng 0,5, thiu cn bng/iu kin tr na s im
Cu 3:
- Cu khng phn ng (0,25)
- Tnh c s mol H2 (0,25)
- Phng trnh (0,25)
- Khi lng Zn (0,25)
- Phn trm 2 kim loi (0,5)
Cu 4:
- Tnh c s mol kh, vit phng trnh (0,5)
- Tm ra M (0,5)
VI.KT QU KIM TRA V RT KINH NGHIM:
1. Kt qu kim tra:
Lp
10B1
10B4
10B5
10B6
0<3,5
3,5<5
5<6,5
6,5<8
810
2. Rt kinh nghim:
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138
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Tit 49:
CHNG VI: OXI LU HUNH

Bi 29: OXI OZON (tit 1)

- ngha ca cu hnh e nguyn t
- Lin kt ha hc
- Phn ng oxi ho kh
Kin thc mi trong bi cn hnh thnh

- V tr v cu to ca oxi
- Tnh cht vt l, tnh cht ho hc ca oxi
- iu ch v ng dng ca oxi
I. MC TIU:
*Hc sinh bit:
Bit c: Oxi: V tr, cu hnh lp electron ngoi cng; tnh cht vt l, phng php iu
ch oxi trong phng th nghim, trong cng nghip.
Hiu c: Oxi c tnh oxi ho rt mnh (oxi ho c hu ht kim loi, phi kim, nhiu hp
cht v c v hu c), ng dng ca oxi.
*K nng:
- D on tnh cht, kim tra, kt lun c v tnh cht ho hc ca oxi.
- Quan st th nghim, hnh nh...rt ra c nhn xt v tnh cht, iu ch.
- Vit phng trnh ha hc minh ho tnh cht v iu ch.
*Thi : Nhn thc c tm quan trng ca oxi trong i sng v c thc bo v mi
trng
II.PHNG PHP GING DY: Din ging pht vn- kt nhm.
139
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
III. CHUN B GIO C:

*Gio vin:
- Bng tun hon cc nguyn t ha hc.
- Son bi t SGK, SBT , STK..
IV. NI DUNG:
3.Bi mi:
a. t vn : Oxi c vai tr rt quan trng trong i sng v sn xut, chng c tnh cht
nh th no, chng ta hy cng tm hiu
b. Trin khai bi dy:
HOT NG THY V TR
NI DUNG KIN THC
Hot ng 1: V tr v cu to
Mc tiu: Bit v tr ca oxi trong BTH, cu to ca phn t oxi
-Vit cu hnh electron ca nguyn t oxi, A. OXI
xc nh v tr ca oxi trong BTH?
I/ V TR VCU TO
-Cho bit s electron lp ngoi cng?
O (z =8 ): 1s2 2s2 2p4
-Vit cng thc cu to ca O2?
-Oxi thuc: CK: 2 ;Nhm: VIA
-Lin kt gia Oxi trong phn t O 2 l lin =>C 2 e c thn v 6e lp ngoi cng.
kt g?Ti sao?
-CTCT: O O ;CTPT : O2
- Hs tr li
=>C 2e c thn v 6e lp ngoi cng.
Hot ng 2: Tnh cht vt l ca oxi
Mc tiu: Bit tnh cht vt l ca oxi
*Hy cho bit tnh cht vt l ca oxi?( mu II/ TNH CHT VT L
sc, mi v, kh nng tan trong nc, nng -Oxi l cht kh khng mu, khng mi v khng
hay nh hn khng kh)
v, hi nng hn khng kh
0
GV:100 ml nc 20 C v 1atm ha tan
32
d O2 KK 29 1.1
c 3,1 ml kh oxi. tan S:
0.0043
100
-Di p sut ca kh quyn, oxi ha lng

-1830C
HS: Tr li
- Kh oxi t tan trong nc
Hot ng 3: Tnh cht ho hc ca oxi
Mc tiu: Hiu c oxi c tnh oxi ho rt mnh
Hot ng 3:
III. TNH CHT HO HC CA OXI
-T cu hnh electron v A ca nguyn -Nguyn t oxi c 6e lp ngoi cng, d nhn
t oxi hy so snh vi A ca cc nguyn thm 2e( t cu hnh e ca kh him)
0
2
t Cl,F?
O 2e O
=> T , rt ra kh nng ca oxi ca oxi v
A ca O = 3,44 <F = 3,98
mc tnh cht ca n?
Oxi c tnh oxi ha mnh.
HS: Tr li
S
140
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
A: Cl<O<F
*Vy : Oxi l nguyn t phi kim hot ng

mnh, c tnh oxi ha mnh
*D on s oxh ca oxi trong cc phn ng 1. Tc dng vi kim loi ( tr Au, Phng
?
trnh, Ag iu kin thng, ...)
0
0
1 2
*Vit ptp:
Vd: 4 Na O2 t 2 Na2 O
-t chy Na trong bnh ng kh O2.
0
0
2 2
-t chy Mg trong bnh ng kh O2.
2 Mg O2 t 2 Mg O
-S oxi ha ca oxi -2;
0
0
3 2
4 Al 3 O2 t 2 Al2 O3
-HS: D on sn phm v vit pthh:
8
- Gv gii thch thm v phn ng gia Fe v
0
0
3 2
oxi
3 Fe 2 O2 t
Fe3 O4
2. Tc dng vi hiro:
- GV yu cu hs vit phng trnh
2 H 2 O2 t 2 H 2O
Thng tin
T l VH :VO = 2:1 N
0
-t chy S trong bnh ng kh O2.

-t chy C trong bnh ng kh O2.
-t chy P trong bnh ng kh O2.
- HS vit pt
3. Tc dng vi phi kim ( tr halogen)

0
4 2
C O2 t C O2
4 2
S O2 t S O2
0
5 2
4 P 5 O2 t 2 P2 O 5
t chy C2H5OH trong bnh ng kh O2, 4. Tc dng vi hp cht
vit ptp?
*Etanol chy trong khng kh:
2
0
4 2
2
*CO chy trong khng kh
C 2 H 5OH 3 O 2 t 2 C O 2 3H 2 O
2
0
4 2
2
t0
*Nhn xt vai tr ca oxi trong cc phn ng C 2 H 5OH 3 O 2 2 C O 2 3H 2 O
2
0
4
0
trn
2 C O O2 t 2 C O2
-Vai tr ca oxi trong cc phn ng trn
2 1
0
3 2
4
o
l:cht oxi ha.
4 Fe S 2 11O 2 t 2 Fe2 O 3 8 S O2
- Gv cho hs vit mt s phn ng khc
Oxi l cht oxi ha.
(Cc qu trnh oxi ha u ta nhit)
Hot ng 4:
IV/ NG DNG
Qua thc t v SGK =>cho bit mt s ng -Oxi duy tr s sng v s chy
dng ca oxi trong i sng v trong CN?
-Oxi cvai tr quan trng trong cc lnh vc:
-GV:Treo tranh v ng dng ca ca oxi? cng nghip, luyn gang thp, y hc, v tr
Ly vi v d?
-HS tr li
Hot ng 5:
V/ IU CH OXI
-Gv:Nu phng php iu ch Oxi trong 1. Trong phng th nghim.
PTN v trong CN?
*Nguyn tc: phn hy nhng hp cht giu oxi
HS: vit pthh.
v t bn i vi nhit.
Vd: 2 KClO3 MnO ,t 2 KCl 3O2
0
2 H 2 O2 MnO
2 2 H 2 O O2
141
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2KMnO4 K2MnO4 +2MnO2 +O2

2 KNO3
t0
2 KNO
2 O2
Hot ng 6:Gii thiu sn xut trong cng 2. Trong cng nghip.

nghip bng hnh nh.
a. T khng kh:
Khng kh
Khng kh
Loi b CO2 ( dng dd NaOH)
Loi b CO2 ( dng dd NaOH)
0
Loi b hi nc (-25 C )
Loi b hi nc (-250C )
Khng kh kh
Khng kh kh
Ha lng khng kh
Ha lng khng kh
Khng kh lng
Khng kh lng
N2
Ar
O2
0
0
-196 C -186 C
-1830C
HS quan st hnh nh v rt ra nhn xt
N2
Ar
O2
-1960C
-1860C
-1830C
b. T nc.
in phn nc c ha tan ( H 2SO4 hay NaOH
tng tnh dn in ca nc).
2 H 2 O p 2 H 2 O2
4.Cng c:
-S dng BT 1/Trang 127 cng c
-Nu tnh cht ho hc ca O2 ?
5.Dn d:
- Lm BTVN 25 /T127v 6/T128
- Chun b phn ozon
Rt kinh nghim:
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Tit 50:
Bi 29: OXI OZON (tit 2)

142
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

- Tnh cht ho hc ca oxi
- Dng th hnh

- Cu to ca ozon
- Tnh cht vt l, tnh cht ho hc ca ozon
- So snh tnh oxi ho ca oxi v ozon
- Vai tr ng dng ca ozon
I. MC TIU:
*Hc sinh bit:
Bit c: Ozon l dng th hnh ca oxi, iu kin to thnh ozon, ozon trong t nhin v
ng dng ca ozon; ozon c tnh oxi ho mnh hn oxi.
Hiu c: Ozon c tnh oxi ho rt mnh (oxi ho c hu ht kim loi, phi kim, nhiu
hp cht v c v hu c)
*K nng:
- D on tnh cht, kim tra, kt lun c v tnh cht ho hc ca ozon.
- Quan st th nghim, hnh nh...rt ra c nhn xt v tnh cht, iu ch.
- Vit phng trnh ha hc minh ho tnh cht v iu ch.
- Tnh % th tch kh oxi v ozon trong hn hp .
*Thi : Nhn thc c tm quan trng ca oxi-ozon trong i sng v c thc bo v
mi trng
II. TRNG TM:
Oxi v ozon u c tnh oxi ho rt mnh nhng ozon c tnh oxi ha mnh hn oxi.
III.PHNG PHP GING DY: Din ging pht vn- kt nhm.
IV. CHUN B GIO C:
*Gio vin:
- Bng tun hon cc nguyn t ha hc.
- Son bi t SGK, SBT , STK..
V. NI DUNG:
H2O
KClO3
(1)
O2
Al2O
3
(2)
(3)
AlCl3
(4)
Al (OH )3
P2O5
3.Bi mi:
a. t vn : Ozon c vai tr rt quan trng trong i sng v sn xut, chng c tnh
cht nh th no, chng ta hy cng tm hiu
b. Trin khai bi dy:
143
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
HOT NG THY V TR
NI DUNG KIN THC
Hot ng 1:Tnh cht ca ozon
Mc tiu: Bit tnh cht vt l ca ozon, tnh oxi ho ca ozon mnh hn ozon
*Ozon l dng th hnh ca oxi.
B. OZON.(O3)
-Cho bit cng thc ca ozon?
I. TNH CHT
-Da vo SGK hy cho bit nhng 1. Tnh cht vt l
tnh cht vt l ca ozon?
- O3 l cht kh, mi c trng, mu xanh nht;
- Hs tr li
- Ha lng -1120C.
Tan trong nc nhiu hn O2.( 100ml - Tan trong nc nhiu hn O2
H2O 00C ha tan 49 ml kh ozon)
- Phn t O3 km bn hn.
- Ozon cng c th phn hy to thnh oxi theo phn
ng:
O3 O2 + O
- Gv a ra 2 phn ng
2. Tnh cht ha hc:Ozon c tnh oxi ha rt mnh.
T p trn c th rt ra nhn xt g v (Mnh hn oxi)
tnh cht ha hc ca ozon?V d *Tc dng vi kim loi( tr Au v Pt): nhit
minh ha?
thng
-Ozon c tnh oxi ha rt mnh. Ag + O2 Khng phn ng.
Mnh hn oxi.
2Ag + O3 Ag2O + O2
O2 +KI +H2Okhng p
O3 +2KI +H2O2KOH + O2 + I2 (Lm h tinh bt
chuyn thnh mu xanh- Nhn bit ozon)
Hot ng 2:Ozon trong t nhin; ng dng ca ozon
Mc tiu: Bit ozon trong t nhin c sinh ra nh th no, t u; ozon ng dng lm g, vai
tr i vi i sng
*Nu s to thnh ozon?
II. OZON TRONG T NHIN.
- HS tr li
-Ozon c to thnh t oxi do nh hng ca tia cc
tm hoc s phng in trong cn ging.
Tia t ngoi
3 O2
2 O3
-Tng ozon hp th tia t ngoi t tng cao ca khng
kh bo v con ngi v cc sinh vt trn tri t trnh
c tc hi ca tia ny.
-T SGK hy cho bit ng dng ca III. NG DNG CA OZON
ozon?
-Lm sch khng kh, kh trng y t.Ty trng trong
HS:
cng nghipv ngn tia t ngoi bo v tri t.
-Lm sch khng kh, kh trng y t.
-Ty trng trong cng nghip.
Vai tr ca ozon l ngn khng cho tia cc tm chiu
-Bo v tri t, ngn tia t ngoi
xung tri t gy hi cho con ngi v ng vt, thc
vt.
4.Cng c:
-So snh tnh cht ho hc O2 v O3? ng dng ca chng?
-BT thm:
144
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1) nh du X vo bng di y v vit PTHH?

Cht p
oxi
Ozon
Cu
X
X
Ag
0
X
Au
0
0
C
X
X
Dd KI
0
X
CH4
X
X
2) Cho 2,24 lt kh ozon (kc) vo dung dch KI 0,5M. Tnh th tch dung dch KI cn
dng v khi lng it sinh ra?
5.Dn d: Lm BTVN 25 /T127v 6/T128 ;Chun b bi 30 : LU HUNH
(1) cu to phn t v tnh cht vt l ca S (bin i theo nhit )
(2) Tnh cht ho hc ca S ? ng dng quan trng ca S
Rt kinh nghim:
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145
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Tit 51:
Bi 30: LU HUNH

- Cu hnh e nguyn t
- Phn ng oxi ho kh

- Cu hnh e, v tr s
- Tnh cht vt l, tnh cht ho hc ca S
- Sn xut, ng dng ca lu hunh
I. MC TIU:
1.Kin thc:
*Hc sinh bit c:
- V tr, cu hnh electron lp electron ngoi cng ca nguyn t lu hunh.
- Tnh cht vt l: Hai dng th hnh ph bin (t phng, n t) ca lu hunh, ng dng.
*Hc sinh hiu c: Lu hunh va c tnh oxi ho( tc dng vi kim loi, vi hiro), va
c tnh kh (tc dng vi oxi, cht oxi ho mnh).
2.K nng:
- D on tnh cht, kim tra, kt lun c v tnh cht ho hc ca lu hunh.
- Quan st th nghim, hnh nh... rt ra c nhn xt v tnh cht ho hc ca lu hunh.
- Vit phng trnh ha hc chng minh tnh cht ho hc ca lu hunh.
- Tnh khi lng lu hunh, hp cht ca lu hunh tham gia v to thnh trong phn ng.
3.Thi : Hng th trong hc tp mn ha hc
II. TRNG TM: Lu hunh va c tnh oxi ho va c tnh kh.
146
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III.PHNG PHP GING DY: Din ging pht vn- kt nhm.

IV. CHUN B GIO C:
*Gio vin: Tranh m t cu trc tinh th S v S; Th nghim S vi O2
*Hc Sinh: n tp kin thc cu hnh electron, suy lun tnh oxi ha, tnh kh
V. TIN TRNH BI DY:
KClO3 O2 FeO Fe3O4 Fe2O3 FeCl3
O3 I2
3.Bi mi:
a. t vn : Lu hunh c nhng tnh cht g? Ging hay khc oxi?
b. Trin khai bi
HOT NG THY V TR
NI DUNG KIN THC
Hot ng 1: V tr, cu hnh e ca nguyn t ca lu hunh
Mc tiu: Bit v tr, cu hnh e, cu hnh e lp ngoi cng ca S
GV: S dng BTH HS tm v tr ca S
I. V TR, CU HNH ELECTRON NGUYN T
-Vit cu hnh e ca S?
- V tr: th 16, chu k 3, nhm VIA
2
2
6
2
4
32
S(z =16):1s 2s 2p 3s 3p
S
- K hiu: 16
S thuc :chu k 3, nhm VIA
- Cu hnh e: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p4
- m in: 2,58
Hot ng 2: Tnh cht vt l ca lu hunh
Mc tiu: Bit hai dng th hnh ca lu hunh, tnh cht vt l c bit ca n
Yu cu HS quan st bng tnh cht vt l v cu to II. TNH CHT VT L CA LU HUNH
ca tinh th hai dng th hnh S , S ( SGK) t - C 2 dng th hnh:
nhn xt v tnh bn, khi lng ring , nhit +Lu hunh t phng: S .
nng chy:
+Lu hunh n t : S .
+u cu to t cc vng S8.
- Cht rn, mu vng
+ S bn hn S .
- Nng chy 113oC
+Khi lng ring ca S nh hn S .
+Nhit nng chy ca S ln hn S .
Hot ng 3: Tnh cht ho hc ca lu hunh
Mc tiu: Hiu lu hunh va c tnh oxi ho, va c tnh kh
GV:Vit cu hnh electron ca S ?
III. TNH CHT HA HC CA LU HUNH
(2)V s phn b electron lp ngoi Trng thi oxi ho: -2; 0; +4; +6
cng v cc obitan nguyn t ca nguyn Nguyn t S c 6e lp ngoi cng, trong c 2e c
t S trng thi c bn, kch thch Cc thn.
trng thi oxi ho ca S?
- S th hin tnh cht g?
147
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2
-Gv trnh chiu th nghim Fe+S
1. Tnh oxi ho:
S 2e S
- Hs nhn xt, vit pthh
a. Tc dng vi kim loi: Mui sunfua
Xc nh s oxi ha ca lu hunh trc
0
0
3 2 (Nhm sunfua)
0
v sau phn ng?
2 Al 3 S t Al 2 S 3
0
0
2 2
- Gv thng tin v phn ng ca Hg vi S
Fe S t
Fe S (St(II) sunfua)
X l Hg b
0
0
2 2
Hg S Hg O ( nhit thng)
b. Tc dng vi hiro:
o
1 2
H2 S t H2 S
0
4
- Lu hunh th hin tnh kh khi phn ng
S S 4e
vi cht c tnh cht g?
2. Tnh kh: 0 6
- Gv trnh din th nghim: S + O2
S S 6e
- Hs quan st, nhn xt hin tng
a. Tc dng vi phi kim
-Hs vit ptp
S phn ng nhit thch hp
0
0
4 2
Cho S Td vi O2
S O2 t S O2
Cho S Td vi F2
0
0
6 1
o
S 3 F2
to
S F6
b.Tc dng vi cht oxi ho mnh( H2SO4, HNO3, ...)

S + 2H2SO4 3SO2 + 2 H2O
S + 6HNO3 H2SO4 + 6 NO2 + 2H2O
Hot ng 4: Sn xut lu hunh v ng dng
Mc tiu: Bit phng php sn xut lu hunh v ng dng
-S trong t nhin tn ti nhng dng no?
IV. SN XUT LU HUNH
- C my phng php iu ch S?
1. Phng php vt l.
- Trnh chiu sn xut
-Dng khai thc S di dng t do trong lng t.
-Dng h thng nn nc siu nng (170 0C) vo m S
y S nng chy ln mt t
*Nu nguyn tc iu ch S bng phng 2. Phng php ha hc
4
*t H2S trong iu kin thiu khng kh
php ha hc: H2S; S O2
2H2S +O2 2S + 2H2O
*t H2S trong iu kin thiu khng kh
*Dng H2S kh SO2(Cch iu ch ny thu *Dng H2S kh SO2.
hi c 90% lng S trong cc kh thi c
2H2S +SO2 3S +2 H2O
hi SO2 , H2S. Gip bo v mi trng v
chng nhim khng kh.)
-T SGK kt hp vi kin thc thc tin, rt IV. NG DNG CA LU HUNH
ra ng dng ca lu hunh?
-90% S dng iu ch H2SO4
- Hs tr li
-10% dng lu ha cao su, sn xut cht ty trng bt
- Gv trnh chiu ng dng
giy, cht do ebonit, dc phm, phm nhum, thuc
tr su v cht dit nm trong nng nghip
148
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4.Cng c: Lm vic theo nhm (cp i)

un nng mt hn hp gm 6,4 gam lu hunh v 14,3 gam km trong mt bnh kn. Sau
phn ng thu c cht no? Khi lng bao nhiu?
5.Dn d:
- Lm BT 1->5 trang 132
- Mi nhm chun b mt dy phanh xe p, que dim, xem trc ni dung thc hnh
Rt kinh nghim:
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Tit 52 :
BI 31: BI THC HNH S 4

149
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TNH CHT CA OXI, LU HUNH

I. MC TIU:
1.Kin thc: Bit c mc ch, cc bc tin hnh, k thut thc hin ca cc th
nghim:
+ Tnh oxi ho ca oxi.
+ S bin i trng thi ca lu hunh theo nhit .
+ Tnh oxi ho ca lu hunh.
+ Tnh kh ca lu hunh.
2.K nng:
3.Thi : Cn thn, nghim tc trong thc hnh, th nghim
II.TRNG TM:
- Tnh oxi ha ca oxi
- Tnh oxi ha kh ca lu hunh
- S bin i trng thi ca lu hunh theo nhit
III.PHNG PHP GING DY: Thc nghim
IV. CHUN B GIO C:
*Gio vin: (1) Dng c: ng nghim, l thy tinh, kp ha cht. mung t ha cht, n cn,
cp ng nghim, gi th nghim, gi ng nghim.
(2) Ho cht: Dy thp, S bt, Oxi, que dim, Fe bt
Dng c ha cht hc sinh thc hnh tng nhm.
*Hc sinh: Chun b l thuyt thc hnh; Np v thc hnh
V. TIN TRNH BI DY:
2.Kim tra bi c: (5 pht) : Gv kim tra l thuyt bi thc hnh
3.Bi mi:
a)t vn : Mc ch ca bui thc hnh ny l g?
b)Trin khai bi
HOT NG THY V TR
Th nghim 1:GV hng dn TN
-Cn nh sch g hoc lau sch du m ph
trn mt on dy thp.
-Un on dy thp thnh hnh xon l xo
tng thm din tch tip xc.
-Cm mt mu than bng ht u xanh vo u
dy thp v t nng mu than trc khi cho
NI DUNG KIN THC

*Th nghim 1: Tnh oxi ha ca cc n
cht oxi.
-t chy mt on dy thp xon trn ngn
la n cn ri a nhanh vo bnh kh oxi.
-HT: Dy thp b nung chy trong kh oxi
sng chi khng thnh ngn la, khng khi,
to ra cc ht nh nng chy mu nu bn
150
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vo bnh ng kh oxi. Mu than chy trc to

nhit lm st nng ln.
-Cho mt t ct hoc nc di l thu tinh
khi phn ng xy ra nhng git thp trn chy
xung khng lm v l.
Hs: Thc hin v quan st hin tng
Th nghim 2: Tnh oxi ha ca lu hunh.
-Trong phn ng Fe+S nn dng lng S nhiu
hn lng Fe tng din tch tip xc. Cn
dng ng nghim trung tnh chu nhit cao.
tung te ra xung quanh nh pho hoa l

Fe3O4.
-Ptp:
t0
3Fe + 2O2 Fe3O4
*Th nghim 2: Tnh oxi ha ca lu

hunh.
-Cho mt t hn hp bt st v S vo y ng
nghim. un nng ng nghim trn ngn la
n cn cho n khi phn ng xy ra
-HT: Hn hp bt Fe v S trong ng nghim
c mu xm nht. Khi un nng trn ngn la
n cn phn ng xy ra mnh lit, ta nhiu
nhit lm rc hn hp v to thnh hp
cht FeS mu xm en.
Ptp:
t0
Fe + S FeS
Th nghim 3: Tnh kh ca lu hunh
Th nghim 3: Tnh kh ca lu hunh
Oxi c iu ch v thu vo l thy tinh -t S chy trong khng kh ri a vo bnh
ming rng, dung tch khong 100ml, S c ng kh oxi.
un nng trong mung ha cht trn ngn la -HT: S chy trong oxi mnh lit hn nhiu
n cn.
chy ngoi khng kh, to thnh khi mu
trng l SO2 c ln SO3.
Ptp :
t0
S + O2 SO2
4.Cng c: 3 th nghim
5.Dn d:
- Hon thnh v thc hnh, ra dng c, v sinh phng thc hnh
- Chun b bi mi : H2S- SO2 - SO3
(1) H2S , SO2 , SO3 c nhng tnh cht no ging v khc nhau? V sao?
(2)Phn ng ho hc no c th chng minh cho nhng tnh cht ny?
Rt kinh nghim:
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151
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Tit 53:

BI 32: HIDRO SUNFUA - LU HUNH DIOXIT LU HUNH TRIOXIT(tit 1)

- Phn ng oxi ho kh
- Tnh cht vt l, tnh cht ho hc ca H2S
- Tnh cht ho hc ca axit
- Trng thi t nhin v iu ch H2S
I. MC TIU:
1.Kin thc:
- Bit c: Tnh cht vt l, trng thi t nhin, tnh axit yu ca H2S.
- Hiu c tnh cht ho hc ca H2S (tnh kh mnh)
2.K nng:
- D on, kim tra, kt lun c v tnh cht ho hc ca H 2S
- Vit phng trnh ha hc minh ho tnh cht ca H2S
- Phn bit H2S
- Tnh th tch kh H2S
3.Thi : thc c s c hi ca H2S
II. TRNG TM:
Tnh cht ho hc ca H2S (tnh kh mnh)
III.PHNG PHP GING DY: Din ging- pht vn- Hot ng nhm
152
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
IV. CHUN B GIO C :

*Gio vin:
- Ha cht: FeS, Na2SO3, HCl, KMnO4, NaOH.
- Dng c: Bnh cu, ng nghim, cc, ng dn cao su, phiu nh git, bng tnh tan
*Hc sinh: -Hc bi c v lm BT VN trc khi n lp ; Chun b bi mi.
V. TIN TRNH LN LP:
- Vit ptp iu ch H2S t H2 v S (k:t0)
- Xc nh vai tr ca S trong phn ng: KClO3 + S KCl + SO2, cn bng phng trnh?
3.Ni dung bi mi:
a) t vn : Gii thiu v hp cht ca lu hunh
b) Trin khai bi:
HOT NG THY V TR
NI DUNG KIN THC
Hot ng 1: Tnh cht vt l ca H2S
Mc tiu: Bit tnh cht vt l ca H2S
- Trng thi? Mi c trng?
I. Hiro sunfua H2S
- T khi so vi KK?
1. Tnh cht vt l:
- Tnh tan trong nc?
- Cht kh, c mi trng thi c trng
- Lu :V tnh c hi ca H 2S c kh - Rt c v t tan trong nc
ga, xc ng vt, thc vt, nc thi nh - Nng hn KK ( d = 34/291.17)
my.
HS: tr li
Hot ng 2: Tnh cht ho hc ca H2S
Mc tiu: Bit v tnh axit yu ca dung dch H2S, hiu tnh kh ca H2S
- Tn gi ca axt H2S?
2 Tnh cht ho hc:
HS:Axt H2S: axt sunfuhiric
a. Tnh axt yu:
- So snh mc axt H2S vi axt *Dung dch axt sunfuhiric : Tnh axt rt yu
(yu hn axt cacbonic)
cacbonic(H2CO3)
- C th to ra 2 loi mui:
HS: axt :H2S < H2CO3
- H2S l axt my ln axt? C th to ra + Mui trung ha: Na2S; CaS; FeS
nhng mui no? =>Vit ptp ca H2S to + Mui axt: NaHS, Ba(HS)2.
Vd: H2S + NaOH NaHS + H2O
nn mui trung ha v mui axt.
H2S + 2NaOH Na2S + 2H2O
HS: tr li
b. Tnh kh mnh:
*H2S c s oxi ho thay i nh th no?
- Nguyn t S trong H2S c s oxi ha thp nht (-H2S tc dng vi O2 to sn phm g?
-2
0
+4
2)
HS: S S S
H2S c tnh kh mnh.
-k thng (thiu oxi): to S
S-2 S0 + 2e
-k T0 cao to SO2
153
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- Gv cho mt s phn ng, hs xc nh vai

tr cc cht
S-2 S+4 + 6e
2
2 H 2 S O2 t 2 S 2 H 2 O
2
2 H 2 S 3 O2 t 2 S O2 2 H 2 O
2H2S + SO2 3S + 2H2O

H2S + Cl2 2HCl + S
H2S +4Cl2+4H2O8HCl + H2SO4
Hot ng 3: Trng thi t nhin v iu ch
Mc tiu: Bit trng thi t nhin ca H2S v cch iu ch
*GV yu cu HS c sch gio khoa, 3.Trng thi t nhin iu ch:
hng dn HS rt ra kt lun
- H2S c kh ga, xc ng thc vt, nc thi nh
my.
- iu ch:
FeS + 2HCl FeCl2 + H2S
4.Cng c : Hng dn HS tm tt trng tm bi hc:
+ H2S l axt yu, l cht kh mnh
+ Lm bi tp 8/139 SGK
5.Dn d:
- Hc bi
- Hs lm cc bi tp 110 trang 138, 139 SGK
- Chun b phn cn li
Rt kinh nghim:
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154
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Tit 54:
BI 32: HIDRO SUNFUA - LU HUNH DIOXIT LU HUNH TRIOXIT(tit 2)

- Phn ng oxi ho kh
- Tnh cht vt l, tnh cht ho hc ca SO2, SO3
- Tnh cht ho hc ca oxit axit
- Trng thi t nhin v iu ch SO2
I. MC TIU:
1.Kin thc:
- Bit c: Tnh cht vt l, trng thi t nhin, tnh cht oxit axit, ng dng, phng php
iu ch SO2, SO3.
- Hiu c tnh cht ho hc SO2 (va c tnh oxi ho va c tnh kh).
2.K nng:
- D on, kim tra, kt lun c v tnh cht ho hc ca SO 2, SO3.
- Vit phng trnh ha hc minh ho tnh cht ca SO2, SO3.
- Phn bit H2S, SO2 vi kh khc bit.
- Tnh % th tch kh H2S, SO2 trong hn hp.
3.Thi : thc c s c hi ca SO2
II. TRNG TM:
Tnh cht ho hc ca SO2 (va c tnh oxi ho va c tnh kh).
III.PHNG PHP GING DY: Din ging- pht vn- Hot ng nhm
IV. CHUN B GIO C :
*Gio vin:
- Ha cht: Na2SO3, HCl, KMnO4
- Dng c: bnh cu, ng nghim, cc, ng dn cao su, phiu nh git, bng tnh tan
*Hc sinh: -Hc bi c v lm BT VN trc khi n lp ; Chun b bi mi.
V. TIN TRNH LN LP:
Vit ptp ho hc da vo chui bin ho sau (ghi r k p , nu c)
FeS H2S S SO2 H2SO4
3.Ni dung bi mi:
a) t vn : Gii thiu v hp cht ca lu hunh
b) Trin khai bi:
HOT NG THY V TR
NI DUNG KIN THC
Hot ng 1: Tnh cht vt l ca SO2
Mc tiu: Bit tnh cht vt l ca SO2
155
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- Gv cho hc inh quan st l cha kh

SO2, lin h bi thc hnh s 4 tr li:
+Nu tnh cht vt l ca SO2 ?(Trng
thi, mi c trng? c tnh?)
+T khi so vi KK? Tnh tan trong
nc?
II. Lu hunh ioxt: SO2

1. Tnh cht vt l:
- Kh khng mu, mi hc, rt c.
- Nng hn 2 ln KK v tan nhiu trong nc. (
64
d SO2 2,2 )
29
KK
Hot ng 2: Tnh cht ho hc ca SO2

Mc tiu: Hiu SO2 va th hin tnh oxi ho, va th hin tnh kh, vit PTHH minh ho
- Nhn xt v thnh phn cu to 2.Tnh cht ha hc
ca SO2? Tnh cht ca oxit a. Lu hunh ioxt l oxt axt:
- Tan trong nc to axt tng ng
axit?
SO2 + H2O
H2SO3 (axt sunfuar->Tnh axt yu )
- Hs tr li
Tnh
axt
:H
S
<H
2
2SO3 <H2CO3
- Tng t H2S, to 2 loi mui
- Hs cho v d, vit sn phm cho - Khng bn, d phn hu to SO2
- C th to 2 loi mui:
v d
- GV thng tin cho hs bi ton SO 2 + Mui trung ha: Na2SO3, CaSO3
+ Mui axt: NaHSO3, Ba(HSO3)
+ ddNaOH
SO2 + NaOH NaHSO3
SO2 + 2NaOH Na2SO3 + H2O
-Xc nh s oxi ho ca S trong b.SO2 l cht va c tnh kh va c tnh oxi ha.
SO2?
- Nguyn t S trong SO2 c s oxi ha trung gian (+4)
4
6
D on tnh cht ho hc ca
S S 2e ( tnh kh )
SO2?
4
0
S 4e S ( tnh oxi ho )
- Gv yu cu hc sinh vit phng
trnh minh ho cho tnh kh v SO2 va c tnh kh va c tnh oxi ha.
* Lu hunh ioxit l cht kh:
tnh oxi ho ca SO2
4
0
1
6
- Gv trnh din th nghim SO 2 +
S O2 Br 2 2 H 2O 2 H Br H 2 S O4
dd KMnO4
4
7
6
5 S O2 2 K Mn O4 2 H 2O K 2 SO4 2MnSO4 2 H 2 S O4
4
2 S O2 O2
V2O5 ,t
2 S O3
* Lu hunh ioxt l cht oxi ho:

4
S O2 2 H 2 S 3 S 2 H 2 O
Hot ng 3: ng dng v iu ch SO2
Mc tiu: Bit ng dng v cch iu ch SO2
-Nu ng dng ca SO2 trong i sng? 3. ng dng v iu ch:
-Nu phng php /ch SO 2 trong a. ng dng: ( SGK)
PTN v trong CN?
b. iu ch:
HS:t c SGK nu:
* Trong PTN: Cho H2SO4 un nng trong Na2SO3
(phn ng trao i )
-Phng php /ch SO2 trong PTN
NaSO3 + H2SO4 Na2SO4 + SO2 + H2O
-Phng php /ch SO2 trong CN
156
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Vit PTHH
* Trong CN: t S trong kh O 2 hoc t qung pirt

st (phn ng oxi ha-kh)
Ptp: S + O2 SO2
4FeS2 + 11O2 2Fe2O3 + 8SO2
Hot ng 4:Tnh cht, ng dng, sn xut SO3
Mc tiu: Bit tnh cht vt l, tnh cht ho hc, ng dng v sn xut SO3
-Nu tnh cht vt l ca SO3 ?
II. Lu hunh trioxit: SO3
-Vit ptp th hin SO3 l 1 oxit axit 1. Tnh cht:
mnh?
- Cht lng, khng mu.
- Nhn xt v s oxi ho ca S trong - Tan v hn trong nc v trong axt sunfuric
SO3?
SO3 + H2O H2SO4
SO3 th hin tnh cht g?
nSO3 + H2SO4 H2SO4.nSO3 (leum)
-Nu ng dng ca SO3
- SO3 l mt oxt axt mnh:
SO3 + MgO MgSO4
SO3 + 2NaOH Na2SO4 + H2O
- SO3 l mt cht oxi ho mnh
2. ng dng v sn xut: ( SGK)
-H2S,SO2,SO3 c th gy c hi cho Cch x l cht thi:
con ngi,l 1 trong nhng nguyn H2S,SO2,SO3l nc vi trong
nhn gy nn ma axt
HS: c thc kh cht c, hi,lm th
nghim chng nhim mi trng
t0
t0
4. Cng c :
Bi tp 1: T cc cht : H2S, MgSO3, S, FeS2, O2, dung dch H2SO4. Vit phng trnh
phn ng to ra SO2?
+) MgSO3 + H2 SO4 MgSO4 + SO2 +H2O
+) S + O2 SO2
+)2H2S + 3O2 2SO2 + 2H2O
+)4FeS2 +11O2 ->2Fe2O3 + 8SO2
Bi tp 2: Vit phng trnh phn ng, xc nh r vai tr oxi ho kh ca cc cht:
H2S + SO2
SO2 + Br2 + H2O
Bi tp 3: t chy hon ton hn hp X gm H2S v S ta cn 8,96 lt oxi, thu c 7,84
lt SO2. Tnh % khi lng cc cht trong hn hp X (cc kh o iu kin chun)
5. Dn d :
- Hc bi, lm bi tp
- Chun b bi axit sunfuric
t0
t0
Rt kinh nghim :
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Tit 55:
Bi 33: AXIT SUNFURIC. MUI SUNFAT(tit 1)
- Tnh cht ho hc ca axit
- Tnh cht vt l ca axit sunfuric
- Tnh axit ca HSO4 long
- Tnh oxi ho mnh v tnh ho nc ca H2SO4 c
I. MC TIU:
1.Kin thc:
Bit c: Cng thc cu to, tnh cht vt l ca H2SO4, ng dng v sn xut H2SO4.
Hiu c:
- H2SO4 c tnh axit mnh ( tc dng vi kim loi, baz, oxit baz v mui ca axit yu...)
- H2SO4 c, nng c tnh oxi ho mnh (oxi ho hu ht kim loi, nhiu phi kim v hp
cht) v tnh ho nc.
2.K nng:
- Quan st th nghim, hnh nh... rt ra c nhn xt v tnh cht axit sunfuric.
- Vit phng trnh ha hc minh ho tnh cht .
3.Thi : Cn thn khi lm vic vi axit
II. TRNG TM:
158
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- H2SO4 c, nng c tnh oxi ho mnh (oxi ho hu ht kim loi, nhiu phi kim v hp
cht) v tnh ho nc.
- H2SO4 long c tnh axit mnh.
III.PHNG PHP GING DY:
- Gv t vn
- Hs hp tc nhm nh t gii quyt vn di s hng dn ca gv
- Kt hp sch gio khoa v hnh nh trc quan HS t chim lnh kin thc.
IV. CHUN B GIO C:
*Gio vin:
- Ho cht: H2SO4(l), c, Zn, Cu, CuO, CaCO3, qu tm, ddCuSO4, NaOH, t giy, ng, ...
- Dng c: ng nghim, n cn, gi ng nghim, a thu tinh
V. TIN TRNH BI DY:
2.Kim tra bi c: Vit PTHH hon thnh dy chuyn ho sau:
FeS H2S S SO2 SO3 H2SO4
3.Bi mi:
1.t vn : Chng ta c hc v nhng hp cht no ca S?Hp cht cha S(+6) c
tnh oxi ho rt mnh, by gi chng ta s tm hiu v hp cht l axit sunfuric
2. Trin khai bi:
Hot ng ca thy v tr
Ni dung bi hc
Hot ng 1: Tnh cht vt l ca axit sunfuric
Mc tiu: Bit tnh cht vt l ca axit sunfuric
- Gv cho hc sinh quan st l cha axit A. Axit sunfuric:
sunfuric c Nhn xt?
I. Tnh cht vt l:
- Gv thng tin cho hc sinh v cch pha long - Axit sunfuric l cht lng, snh, khng mu,
khng bay hi
H2SO4V sao?
- D= 1,84g/cm3
- Gv gii thch
- Tan v hn trong nc v to nhiu nhit
Hot ng 2: Tnh cht ho hc ca axit sunfuric long
Mc tiu: Hiu axit sunfuric long c tnh axit mnh
- Gv hng dn hc sinh thc hin th II. Tnh cht ho hc:
nghim chng minh tnh axit ca axit 1. Axit sunfuric long:
sunfuric
- Qu tm ho
- Hs thc hin theo nhm, kt lun, vit - Tc dng vi kim loi ng trc HH2
phng trnh minh ho
- Tc dng vi baz v oxit baz
- Tc dng vi mui ca axit yu hn
Hot ng 3: Tnh cht ho hc ca axit sunfuric c
Mc tiu: Hiu axit sunfuric c c tnh oxi ho mnh v tnh ho nc
- Trong H2SO4, S c mc oxi b. Tnh cht ca axit sunfuric c:
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ho bao nhiu?
D on tnh cht ca
H2SO4?
- Gv hng dn hs lm th
nghim i chng H2SO4 long
v c vi Cu
- Hs thc hin, nu hin tng,
nhn xt v HSO4 c
- Hs vit PTHH theo nhm:
+ H2SO4 vi kim loi
+ H2SO4 vi phi kim
+ H2SO4 vi hp cht
- Gv thng tin
Tnh oxi ho mnh

H2SO4 c, nng oxi ho hu ht kim loi (tr Au, Pt), nhiu phi
kim (C,S,P) v nhiu hp cht SO2, kim loi c ho tr
cao nht
+ Vi kim loi:
M + H2SO4 c M2(SO4)n + SO2/S/H2S + H2O
(n l mc oxi ho cao nht ca kim loi M)
2H2SO4 + 2Ag Ag2SO4 + SO2 + 2H2O
6H2SO4+2FeFe2(SO4)3+ 3SO2 + 6H2O
+ Vi phi kim:
5H2SO4 + 2P 2H3PO4 + 5SO2 + 2H2O
2H2SO4 + C CO2 + 2SO2 + 2H2O
+ Vi hp cht:
3H2SO4 + H2S 4SO2 + 4H2O
H2SO4 + 2HBr Br2 + SO2 + H2O
Lu : H2SO4c, ngui khng phn ng vi Al, Fe, Cr th
ng ho
- Trnh chiu th nghim ng

+ H2SO4c
- Hs quan st, nhn xt, vit
pthh
- Gv gii thch
- Gv lu hc sinh khi dng
axit sunfuric c trong th
nghim, trnh chiu hnh nh
- Thng tin v tnh axit
Tnh ho nc
Cn(H2O)m H2SO4c nC + mH2O
(gluxit)
V d:
C12H22O11 H2SO4c
12C + 11H2O
(saccaroz)
2H2SO4 + C CO2 + 2SO2 + 2H2O
Tinh axit: Khi tc dng vi cc cht khng c tnh kh
Vd: 3H2SO4 +Fe2O3 Fe2(SO4)3+ 3H2O
4. Cng c : Vit phng trnh phn ng gia axit sunfuric c v Fe, S?
5. Dn d :
- Hc bi
- Chun b phn tip theo
Rt kinh nghim :
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160
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Tit 56:
Bi 33: AXIT SUNFURIC. MUI SUNFAT(tit 2)

- iu ch SO2, SO3
- Tnh cht ca SO3

- ng dng, iu ch axit sunfuric
- Nhn bit ion sunfat
I. MC TIU:
1.Kin thc: Bit c:
- ng dng v sn xut H2SO4.
- Tnh cht ca mui sunfat, nhn bit ion sunfat.
2.K nng:
- Quan st th nghim, hnh nh... rt ra c nhn xt iu ch axit sunfuric.
- Vit phng trnh ha hc minh ho iu ch.
- Phn bit mui sunfat , axit sunfuric vi cc axit v mui khc (CH3COOH, H2S ...)
- Tnh nng hoc khi lng dung dch H2SO4 tham gia hoc to thnh trong phn ng.
3.Thi : Cn thn khi lm vic vi axit
II. TRNG TM: Nhn bit ion sunfat
- Gv t vn
IV. CHUN B GIO C:
*Gio vin:
- Ho cht: H2SO4 long, NaCl, HCl, AgNO3, BaCl2
- Dng c: ng nghim, gi ng nghim,...
V. TIN TRNH BI DY:
2.Kim tra bi c: BT10/SGK/trang 139
S: mNaHSO3= 15,6 g ; mNa2SO3= 6,3 g
3.Bi mi:
1.t vn : Tip bi c
2.Trin khai bi:
Hot ng ca thy v tr
Ni dung bi hc
Hot ng 1: ng dng v iu ch axit sunfuric
Mc tiu: Bit ng dng v iu ch axit sunfuric
- Gv yu cu hs c SGK cho bit ng 3. ng dng: (SGK)
161
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
dng ca H2SO4
4. iu ch:
- Trnh chiu quy trnh sn xut axit a) Sn xut SO2: t S hoc qung pirit st FeS2
sunfuric yu cu hc sinh vit S + O2 t
SO2
C
phng trnh da vo cc bi hc
C
4FeS2 + 11O2 t
2Fe2O3 + 8SO2
0
b) Sn xut SO3:
2SO2 + O2
450-500 0C
2SO3
V2O5
c) Hp th SO3 bng H2SO4:

H2SO4 + nSO3 H2SO4. nSO3
(oleum)
H2SO4.nSO3 + nH2O (n+1)H2SO4
Tm tt:
- Gv tm tt bng s
S
SO2SO3H2SO4.nSO3H2SO4
FeS2
Hot ng 2: Mui sunfat-Nhn bit ion sunfat
Mc tiu: Bit tnh cht ca mui sunfat; Phn bit c ion sunfat vi cc ion khc
- Nhn xt v phn t H2SO4?
B. Mui sunfat. Nhn bit ion sunfat
- Cho mt s v d v mui axit v mui 1. Mui sunfat: C 2 loi:
trung ho?
- Mui trung ho (mui sunfat) cha ion
- Gv thng tin thm v tnh tan
SO42 :Phn ln u tan tr BaSO 4, SrSO4,
PbSO4khng tan; CaSO4, Ag2SO4, ... t
tan
- Mui axit (mui hirosunfat) cha ion
HSO4H2SO4 + NaOH NaHSO4 + H2O
Natri hirosunfat
- Gv hng dn hs lm th nghim phn bit
H2SO4 + 2NaOH Na2SO4 + 2H2O
HCl v H2SO4: Chun b 2 ng nghim cha
Natri sunfat
HCl, 2 ng nghim cha H2SO4
2. Nhn bit ion sunfat:
Ln 1: Dng dung dich AgNO3
Dng dung dch cha ion Ba2+ (mui bari,
Ln 2: Dng dd BaCl2
Ba(OH)2):
Nhn xt
SO42 + Ba2+ BaSO4trng
- Kt lun v cch nhn bit ion sunfat
(khng tan trong axit)
V d:
BaCl2 + H2SO4 BaSO4 + 2HCl
Ba(OH)2 + Na2SO4 BaSO4 + 2NaOH
162
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4. Cng c :
- Phn bit cc dd: NaCl, Na2SO4, H2 SO4, NaOH
- Lm bi tp 6 SGK
5. Dn d :
- n li chng VI
- Chun b bi tp SGK cho tit luyn tp
Rt kinh nghim :
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Bi 34: LUYN TP: OXI - LU HUNH (tit 1)
Tit 57:
I. MC TIU:
1.Kin thc: Hc sinh nm vng:
- Mi quan h gia cu to nguyn t, m in, s oxi ho ca nguyn t vi nhng
tnh cht ho hc ca oxi, lu hunh
- Tnh cht ho hc ca hp cht lu hunh lin quan n trng thi oxi ho ca nguyn t
lu hunh trong hp cht
2.K nng:
- Vit phng trnh ha hc hon thnh chui phn ng
- Phn bit mui sunfat , axit sunfuric vi cc axit v mui khc
- Tnh khi lng mui thu c khi cho SO2 tc dng vi dung dch NaOH
II. TRNG TM: Hon thnh s phn ng, nhn bit cc cht
III.PHNG PHP GING DY: Pht vn- Kt nhm- C nhn
IV. CHUN B GIO C:
*Gio vin: Gio n
*Hc sinh: Hc bi c, chun b bi mi.
V. TIN TRNH BI DY:
2.Kim tra bi c: Kt hp kim tra trong bi
163
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3.Bi mi:
1.t vn : Tng hp chng 6
2. Trin khai bi:
Hot ng ca thy v tr
Ni dung bi hc
Mc tiu: H thng ho kin thc v oxi, ozon, lu hunh v hp cht
GV pht vn hc sinh v I. Kin thc cn nm vng:
nhng kin thc cn nh: 1.Cu hnh e ca nguyn t:
- Cu hnh e lp ngoi -O(Z=8):[He] 2s22p4
cng ca O, S?
-S(Z=16): [Ne] 3s23p4
- m in?
2. m in:
- So snh tnh cht ca oxi *A: O=3,44> S=2,58
v S, khc nhau nh th 3.Tnh cht ho hc:
no, v sao?
a.Tnh oxi ho: O>S
- Cc hp cht v tnh -Oxi oxi ho hu ht KL,nhiu PK, nhiu Hp cht
cht tng ng ca cc -S oxi ho nhiu KL,1 s PK
hp cht ca S?
II.TNH CHT CA CC HP CHT CA S
1.H2S :c tnh kh mnh
o
to
2 t 2SO2 +2H2O
2H2S+O2
2S+2H2O; 2H2S+O
2.SO2 :c tnh kh v tnh oxi ho=>SO2 l oxit axit
3.SO3 v H2SO4 :c tnh oxi ho
-SO3 l oxit axit
+H2SO4(l) c tnh cht chung ca axit( lm qu ho , t/d vi Kl trc
H2 , t/d vi mui, t/d vi oxit baz v baz)
+H2SO4 () c tnh ho nc v tnh oxi ho mnh, tnh axit
Hot ng 2: Bi tp
Mc tiu: Rn luyn k nng vit PTHH hon thnh s phn ng; Phn bit mui sunfat vi cc
mui khc; Tnh khi lng mui thu c khi cho SO2 tc dng vi dd NaOH
- GV: Nu bi
BT1: Hon thnh cc dy bin ho sau (ghi r iu kin nu c)
- HS tho lun 5 tm a) FeS H2S S SO2 H2SO4
hng gii
b) ZnS H2SH2SO4 CuSO4BaSO4
- 3 Hs ln bng
HD:
- Hs khc lm vo v a)
b)
nhp Nhn xt, b FeS 2 HCl FeCl2 H 2 S
ZnS 2 HCl ZnCl2 H 2 S
sung
t
2 H 2 S O2thieu
2 S 2 H 2O
H 2 S 4Cl2 4 H 2O 8 HCl H 2 SO4
- Gv nhn xt, ging
H 2 SO4 CuO CuSO4 H 2O
S O2 t SO2
gii, nh gi
o
SO2 Br2 2 H 2O 2 HBr H 2 SO4 CuSO4 BaCl2 CuCl2 BaSO4
BT2: Nhn bit cc dung dch sau:

a) H2SO4; HCl; HNO3; NaOH
b) Na2SO4; Na2SO3; NaNO3
HD:
164
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a) Dng qu tm, ddBaCl2, ddAgNO3

b) Dng dd BaCl2, HCl
BT3: 10/139SGK
nNaOH CM .V 0, 25mol ; nSO2
nNaOH
m 12,8
0, 2mol
M
64
0, 25
- Gv hng dn tnh Ta c: 1< nSO

0, 2 < 2 To hn hp 2 mui
khi lng mui theo
PT: SO2 + NaOH NaHSO3 (1)
phng php gii h
0,2 0,2
0,2 mol
NaHSO3 + NaOH Na2SO3 + H2O (2)
0,05
0,05
0,05 mol
S mol NaOH d sau p (1) = 0,25- 0,2 = 0,05 mol
S mol Na2SO3 = S mol NaOH d = 0,05 mol
S mol NaHSO3 cn li= 0,2 0,05 = 0,15 mol
2
nNa2 SO3 0,05.126 6,3( g )
nNaHSO3 0,15.104 15, 6( g )
4. Cng c :
- Phn bit cc dd: C c gc sunfat v halogenua, nhn bit gc SO 4 trc
- Xc nh loi mui to thnh t t l s mol NaOH / s mol SO2
5. Dn d :
- n li chng VI
- Chun b bi tp SGK, SBT cho tit luyn tp tip theo
Rt kinh nghim :
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Tit 58:
Bi 34: LUYN TP: OXI - LU HUNH (tit 2)
I. MC TIU:
1.Kin thc: Hc sinh nm vng:
- Tnh cht ho hc ca lu hunh, hp cht lu hunh
165
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- Phng php iu ch SO2, SO3, H2SO4

2.K nng:
- Vit phng trnh ha hc hon thnh chui phn ng, iu ch ho cht
- Phn bit mui sunfat , axit sunfuric vi cc axit v mui khc
- Tnh khi lng, phn trm kim loi trong hn hp khi tc dng vi axit H2SO4
II. TRNG TM: Hon thnh s phn ng, nhn bit cc cht, tnh phn trm kim loi
III.PHNG PHP GING DY: Pht vn- Kt nhm- C nhn
IV. CHUN B GIO C:
*Gio vin: Gio n
*Hc sinh: Hc bi c, chun b bi mi.
V. TIN TRNH BI DY:
2.Kim tra bi c: Kt hp kim tra trong bi
3.Bi mi:
1.t vn : Tng hp chng 6
2. Trin khai bi:
Hot ng ca thy v tr
Ni dung bi hc
Hot ng 1: t vn :
Mc tiu: t vn , hng dn hc sinh gii quyt vn .
HD:
BT1: Vit PTHH hon thnh dy chuyn ho sau:
BT2: i ngc t sn phmcn FeS2SO2 H2SO4 SO2SO3H2SO4
mui st III v bazLn lt tm BT2: T qung pirit, mui n, nc, khng kh v cc
iu kin c . Hy vit PTHH iu ch Fe(OH)3?
ra phn ng u tin
BT3: Cng loi hp cht, nhn bit BT3: Nhn bit cc dung dch sau: Ca(NO 3)2; K2SO4;
Na2CO3; KNO3
gc axit v ion kim loi
BT4: Lp h phng trnh v khi BT4: Cho 40 gam hn hp Fe-Cu tc dng va vi
lng hn hp v tng s mol kh dung dch H2SO4 98% nng, thu c 15,68 lit SO 2
(kc)
gii
a) Tnh phn trm khi lng mi kim loi trong hn
hp?
b) Tnh khi lng dung dch H2SO4 dng?
Hot ng 2: Gii, nhn xt, b sung, kt lun
Mc tiu: Rn luyn k nng gii bi tp, nhn xt, nh gi ca hc sinh
Phn nhm gii bi BT1:
tp: 8 nhm
Nhm 1,2: BT1
Nhm 3,4: BT2
Nhm 5,6: BT3
166
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Nhm 7,8: BT4

- 4 hc sinh ca cc
nhm c ch nh
ln bng trnh by
- Hc sinh khc
trong nhm b sung,
nhm khc nhn xt,
b sung
- Gio vin nhn xt,
nh gi
to
4 FeS 2 11O2
2 Fe
2O3 8SO2
SO2 Br2 2 H 2O 2 HBr H 2 SO4

2 H 2 SO4 Cu CuSO4 SO2 2H 2O
2 SO2 O2
2SO3
SO3 H 2O H 2 SO4
BT2: Nhn bit cc dung dch sau:

- Dng dung dch BaCl2, H2SO4
BT3:
to
4 FeS 2 11O2
2 NaCl 2H 2O

Cl2 H 2
as
2 Fe
2O3 8SO2
dpddcmn
2 NaOH
Cl2
H2
2 HCl
Fe2O3 6 HCl 2 FeCl3 3H 2O

FeCl3 3 NaOH Fe(OH )3 3 NaCl
BT4: Gi x, y ln lt l s mol ca Fe- Cu trong hn hp

Khi lng hn hp= 56x + 64y = 40(g) (1)
PT: 2Fe + 6H2SO4 Fe2(SO4)3 + 3SO2 + 6H2O
xmol 3xmol
3x/2 mol
Cu + 2H2SO4 CuSO4 + SO2 +2H2O
ymol 2ymol
ymol
Li c: Tng s mol SO2 thu c=
15,68
0, 7( mol )(2)
22, 4
T (1) v (2) ta c h phng trnh:

56 x 64 y 40
x 0,12
3x / 2 y 0, 7
y 0,52
a) mFe= 56.0,12=6,72(g) %Fe=
6, 72.100
16,8(%)
40
%Cu=100-16,8=83,2(%)
b) Tng s mol H2SO4 tham gia phn ng = 3x+2y = 3.0,12+ 2.0,52 =
1,4 (mol)
m H2SO4 = 98.1,4=137,2(g)
Khi lng dung dch H2SO4:
mct .100 137, 2
.100 140( g )
C%
98
4. Cng c : H thng li phng php gii cc bi ton

5. Dn d :
- n li chng VI
- Chun b bi thc hnh
Rt kinh nghim :
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Tit 59:
BI 35:
BI THC HNH S 5
TNH CHT CC HP CHT CA LU HUNH
I. MC TIU:
*Kin thc:Bit c mc ch, cc bc tin hnh, k thut thc hin ca cc th nghim:
+ Tnh kh ca hiro sunfua.
+ Tnh kh ca lu hunh ioxit, tnh oxi ho ca lu hunh ioxit.
+ Tnh oxi ho ca axit sunfuric c.
*K nng:
*Thi : Cn thn khi tip xc vi ha cht
II. TRNG TM:
- iu ch v th tnh kh ca H2S
- Tnh oxi ha kh ca SO2.
- Tnh oxi ha ca H2SO4.
II.PHNG PHP:
Thc nghim
III. CHUN B:
*Gio vin: - Dng c: n cn. ng nghim, ng ht , gi ng nghim
- Ha cht: HCl, H2SO4 , Br2, FeS, Cu, Na2SO4
*Hc sinh chun b kin thc
-Tnh cht ha hc ca H2S, SO2, H2SO4.
-Nghin cu trc cc dng c, ha cht v cch tin hnh
IV.TIN TRNH LN LP:
1.n nh lp: Kim tra s s, ng phc, thu bi tng trnh s 4
2.Kim tra bi c: (5 pht): Nu t/c ho hc c trng ca SO2, H2S, SO3, H2SO4?
3.Bi mi:
168
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
a) t vn : Chng ta nghin cu v cc hp cht ca lu hunh, tit ny chng ta s

lm th nghim chng minh
b) Trin khai bi:
HOT NG THY V TR
NI DUNG BI HC
GV:
I.NI DUNG TH NGHIM V CCH TIN
- Hi hc sinh v ni dung, mc ch ca tng HNH.
th nghim
Th nghim 1: iu ch - chng minh tnh kh
-Nhn mnh cn thn cc ha cht c hi H 2S, ca H2S.
SO2, H2SO4.
*Cch tin hnh: Theo v thc hnh
-Hng dn mt s thao tc cho HS quan st.
*Hin tng: H2S thot ra c mi trng thi. H2S
Hot ng 1
chy trong khng kh ngn la mu xanh.
-H2S l kh khng mu c nn dng vi lng -PT:
ha cht nh, lp dng c tht kn thc hin 2HCl + FeS FeCl2 + H2S
th nghim khp kn khng kh khng thot 2H2S + O2 2S + 2H2O
ra, m bo s an ton.
*HS lm th nghim; quan st hin tng v
vit ptp trong bi tng trnh.
Hot ng 2
Th nghim 2: Tnh kh ca SO2.
*iu ch SO2:
* Cch tin hnh: Theo v thc hnh
Cho Na2SO3 tc dng vi H2SO4
*Hin tng: Mt mu dd brom
=>SO2 kh c cn phi cn thn, ha cht dng -PT:
lng nh, lp dng c kn.
SO2+Br2+2H2O2HBr+ H2SO4
*HS lm th nghim; quan st hin tng v
Hot ng 3
Th nghim 3: Tnh oxi ha ca SO2
-Xc nh vai tr tng cht trong phn ng.
*Cch tin hnh: Theo v thc hnh
*HS lm th nghim; quan st hin tng v *Hin tng: vn c, mu vng
-PT: SO2 +2H2S3S +H2O
Hot ng 4
Th nghim 4: Tnh oxi ha ca H2SO4 c
y ng nghim kn c ng dn kh vo ng * Cch tin hnh: Theo v thc hnh
khc c nc ha tan SO2.
*Hin tng: Dung dch c bt kh v t khng mu
*HS lm th nghim; quan st hin tng v chuyn sang mu xanh.
vit ptp trong v thc hnh
-PT:
Cu+2H2SO4()CuSO4+SO2 +2 H2O
4. Cng c:
- GV:Cng c nhng hiu bit v tnh cht ca H 2S, SO2, H2SO4(l nhng cht gy
nhim)
- Nhn xt bui th nghim; Hc sinh thu dn v sinh, dng c phng th nghim.
5. Dn d: Hc chng VI, chun b kim tra 1 tit
Rt kinh nghim:
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Th hai ngy 10 thng 3 nm 2012

Tit 60:
KIM TRA 1 TIT
I. MC TIU: Kim tra s tip thu kin thc v:

- Oxi-ozon: Oxi v ozon u c tnh oxi ho rt mnh nhng ozon c tnh oxi ha mnh hn
oxi.
- Lu hunh: Lu hunh va c tnh oxi ho va c tnh kh.
- Hirosunfua-lu hunh ioxit-lu hunh trioxit: Tnh cht ho hc ca H 2S (tnh kh
mnh) v SO2 (va c tnh oxi ho va c tnh kh).
170
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- Axit sunfuric: H2SO4 c, nng c tnh oxi ho mnh (oxi ho hu ht kim loi, nhiu phi
kim v hp cht) v tnh ho nc; H2SO4 long c tnh axit mnh.
II.MA TRN :
Ni dung kin
Mc nhn thc
thc
Bit
Hiu
Vn dng
Oxi- ozon
So snh tnh oxi ho
ca oxi v ozon
Lu hunh
Xc nh s oxi ho
ca lu hunh
H2S-SO2- SO3
Cho H2S qua Xc nh mui to
dung
dch thnh v tnh khi
Pb(NO3)2.
Nu lng khi cho SO2 tc
hin tng, vit dng vi dd NaOH
PTHH
Axit sunfuric Cho bit cch pha Vit ptp xy ra Hn hp kim loi tc
long axit sunfuric, khi cho cc kim dng vi dd H2SO4
gii thch
loi tc dng vi Tnh % kim loi
axit sunfuric c,
ngui
Tng hp
- Nhn bit
- S
- iu ch
Tng
1
1
2
III. :
Cu 1: So snh tnh oxi ho ca oxi v ozon? Vit 2 phng trnh ho hc chng minh?
Cu 2: Xc nh s oxi ho ca lu hunh trong cc cht sau: SO2; H2S; H2SO4; NaHSO3?
Cu 3: Sc kh hirosunfua vo dung dch ch nitrat (Pb(NO 3)2), hin tng g s xy ra? Vit
phng trnh ho hc?
Cu 4: Cho 5,6 lt kh sunfur (ktc) vo 200 ml dung dch KOH 2M.
a) Mui no c to thnh?
b) Tnh khi lng mui thu c sau phn ng?
Cu 5: Cho cc kim loi: Al, Zn, Mg, Cu
a) Kim loi no khng phn ng vi axit sunfuric c, ngui?
b) Vit phng trnh ho hc ca cc kim loi trong nhm trn c xy ra phn ng vi axit
sunfuric c, ngui?
Cu 6: Hy cho bit cch pha long axit sunfuric? Gii thch?
Cu 7: Cho 6,8 gam hn hp X gm Mg v Fe vo dung dch axit sunfuric long th thu c
3,36 lit kh bay ra (kc). Tnh phn trm khi lng mi kim loi trong hn hp X?
Cu 8: Bng phng php ho hc hy nhn bit cc dung dch sau ng trong cc l mt nhn:
K2SO4, KCl, KNO3
171
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Cu 9: Vit phng trnh ho hc hon thnh dy chuyn ho sau:

H 2 S
(1)
S
(2)
SO2
(3)
H 2 SO4
(4)
BaSO4
Cu 10: T qung pirit st, khng kh, nc v cc iu kin c . Vit phng trnh ho hc
iu ch axit sunfuric?
(Cho Mg=24, Fe=56, H=1, S=32, O=16, K=39)
IV. P N:
Cu 1:
- Tnh oxi ho ca ozon mnh hn oxi (0,5)
- PTHH: iu kin thng: (0,5)
Oxi
Ozon
Ag + O2 Khng phn ng
2Ag + O3 Ag2O + O2
KI + H2O + O2 Khng phn ng
2KI + H2O + O3 2KOH + I2 + O2
Cu 2: +4; -2; +6; +4
Cu 3:
- Kt ta en (0,5)
- PT: H2S + Pb(NO3)2 PbS + 2HNO3 (0,5)
Cu 4: Cho 5,6 lt kh sunfur (ktc) vo 200 ml dung dch KOH 2M.
a)
5, 6
nKOH
0, 25( mol )
0, 4
22, 4
Ta c: 1< n 0, 25 <2 To 2 mui KHSO3 v K2SO3 (0,5)
SO2
0, 2.2 0, 4(mol )
nSO2
nKOH
b) KOH + SO2 KHSO3

a
a
a
2KOH + SO2 K2SO3 + H2O
2b
b
b
Gi a,b l s mol SO2 ln lt 2 ptrnh S mol KHSO3 = a ; S mol K2SO3 = b
a b 0, 25 a 0,1
a 2b 0, 4 b 0,15
Ta c hpt :
Khi lng KHSO3 = 0,1.120=12 (g) ; Khi lng K2SO3=158.0,15=23,7(g)

Cu 5: Cho cc kim loi: Al, Zn, Mg, Cu
a) Kim loi Al (0,25)
b) Zn + 2H2SO4 ZnSO4 + SO2 + 2H2O
Mg + 2H2SO4 MgSO4 + SO2 + 2H2O
Cu + 2H2SO4 CuSO4 + SO2 + 2H2O
(0,75)
Cu 6:
- t t axit vo nc theo a thu tinh v khuy u (0,5)
- V trnh axit bn vo ngi, nu cho nc vo axit, khi axit tan trong nc to nhit
nhiu lm nc si v bn axit vo ngi (0,5)
Cu 7
172
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Gi x, y ln lt l s mol ca Mg v Fe trong hn hp
Khi lng hn hp = 24x +56y =6,8 (g) (1)
Mg + H2SO4 MgSO4 + H2
x
x mol
Fe + H2SO4 FeSO4 + H2
y
y mol
Tng s mol H2 thu c= x+ y = 3,36/22,4 =0,15 (mol) (2)
24 x 56 y 6,8 x 0, 05
x y 0,15
y 0,1
T (1) v (2) ta c hpt:
Khi lng Mg=24.0,05=1,2(g) %Mg=
(0,5)
1, 2.100
17, 65(%) %Fe=100-17,65=82,35(%)
6,8
(0,5)
Cu 8:
- Dng ddBaCl2 nhn bit c K2SO4 (0,25)
- Dng dd AgNO3 nhn bit c KCl, cn li l KNO3 (0,5)
- Phng trnh
(0,25)
Cu 9: Mi phng trnh 0,25, thiu cn bng/ iu kin tr na s im
2H2S + SO2 3S + 2H2O
o
S + O2 t SO2
SO2 + Br2 + 2H2O 2HBr + H2SO4
H2SO4 + BaCl2 BaSO4 + 2HCl
Cu 10: Mi phng trnh 0,25
o
4FeS2 + 11O2 t 2Fe2O3 + 8SO2
o
2SO2 + O2
V2O5 ,450 C 2SO3
SO3 + H2O H2SO4
V. Kt qu:
Lp
10B1
10B4
10B5
10B6
0<3,5
3,5<5
5<6,5
6,5<8
810
Rt
kinh
nghim: ..................................................................................................................................
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Tit 61:
Bi 36: TC PHN NG HO HC (tit 1)
- Phn ng ho hc
- nh ngha tc phn ng
- Cc yu t nh hng n tc phn ng
I. MC TIU:
1.Kin thc: Bit c:
- nh ngha tc phn ng v nu th d c th.
- Cc yu t nh hng n tc phn ng: nng , p sut, nhit , din tch tip xc,
cht xc tc.
2.K nng:
- Quan st th nghim c th, hin tng thc t v tc phn ng, rt ra c nhn xt.
174
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- Vn dng c cc yu t nh hng n tc phn ng lm tng hoc gim tc

ca mt s phn ng trong thc t i sng, sn xut theo hng c li.
II. TRNG TM: Tc phn ng v cc yu t nh hng n tc phn ng
- Gv t vn
IV. CHUN B GIO C:
*Gio vin:
- Ho cht: H2SO4 long, c, Cu, BaCl2, Na2S2O3
- Dng c: ng nghim, gi ng nghim, bnh tam gic c nt cao su, mung st...
V. TIN TRNH BI DY:
3.Bi mi:
1.t vn : Lin h bi thc hnh v lu hunh, so snh ngn lu lu hunh chy ngoi
khng kh v trong oxi? Vo bi
2. Trin khai bi:
Hot ng ca thy v tr
Ni dung bi hc
Hot ng 1: Khi nim v tc phn ng ho hc
Mc tiu: Bit khi nim tc phn ng ho hc
Hot ng 1:
I) Khi nim v tc phn ng ho hc
- GV lm TN v hs quan st, nhn xt hin 1) Th nghim:
tng
- ng nghim 1: 5ml dd BaCl2
- So snh phn ng no xy ra nhanh hn?
- ng nghim 2: 5ml dd Na2S2O3
*TN 1: xut hin ngay tc khc
Cho ng thi vo 2 ng nghim cng
*TN2:Sau mt thi gian thy trng c S xut 5ml dd H2SO4 long
hin.
Ptp:
=>Nhn xt: Phn ng (1) xy ra nhanh hn BaCl2+H2SO4BaSO4+2HCl (1)
(2)
=> xut hin ngay tc khc
- KL: nh gi mc xy ra nhanh chm ca Na2S2O3+H2SO4S+SO2+H2O+ Na2SO4 (2)
cc phn ng ho hc, gi tt l tc phn =>Sau mt thi gian thy trng c xut
ng.
hin.
- Khi 1 phn ng ho hc xy ra, nng cc 2) Nhn xt:
cht phn ng v sn phm bin i nh th - Phn ng (1) xy ra nhanh hn (2)
no ?
C1 C2
- KL: C th dng bin thin CM lm thc - Tc trung bnh: J
t2 t1
o tc phn ng.
- Tc phn ng l bin thin CM ca
175
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Trong qu trnh phn ng CM cc cht phn mt trong cc cht phn ng hoc sn phm
phn ng trong 1 n v thi gian.
ng gim cn sn phm tng.
Trong cng thi gian, CM cc cht phn ng
gim nhiu th phn ng sy ra cng nhanh.
Gv dn dt hs lp CT tnh tc phn ng v
a ra khi nim
Hot ng 2: Cc yu t nh hng n tc phn ng, nh hng ca nng
Mc tiu: Bit s nh hng ca nng n tc phn ng ho hc
*GV hng dn HS quan st II) Cc yu t nh hng n tc phn ng
TN, nhn xt:
1) Nng :
- GT: iu kin cc cht phn a) Th nghim:
ng nhau l chng phi chm - ng nghim 1: 5ml dd Na2S2O3
nhau, tn s va chm ln th tc - ng nghim 2: 2,5ml dd Na2S2O3 + 2,5ml H2O
phn ng ln. Khi CM tng, Cho ng thi vo 2 ng nghim cng 5ml dd H 2SO4
tn s va chm tng nn tc long
phn ng nhanh.
b) Nhn xt: Kt ta ng nghim 1 xut hin trc
*Khi tng hoc gim nng Phn ng ng nghim 1 xy ra nhanh hn
cht p th tc p nh th c) Kt lun:
no?
Khi tng nng cht phn ng, tc phn ng tng.
Hot ng 3: nh hng ca p sut n tc phn ng
Mc tiu: Bit s nh hng ca p sut n tc phn ng ho hc
GV: i vi cht kh, v, to khng i th P t l vi s mol cht.
2) p sut:
- GV hng dn HS quan st th nghim, nhn xt?
- Khi P tng, CM cht kh
- Gi : phn ng xy ra nhanh nh s va chm ca cc cht phn tng, nn tc phn
ng.
ng tng.
*Khi tng hoc gim P cht p th tc p nh th no?
Hot ng 4: nh hng ca nhit n tc phn ng
Mc tiu: Bit s nh hng ca nhit n tc phn ng ho hc
- Hng dn hc sinh lm th 3) Nhit :
nghim theo nhm, nhn xt
a) Th nghim:
-GV: Tng nhit chuyn - ng nghim 1: 5ml dd Na2S2O3
ng nhit tng tn s va - ng nghim 2: 5ml dd Na2S2O3, un nng
chm tng. Tn s va chm thuc Cho ng thi vo 2 ng nghim cng 5ml dd H 2SO4
nhit . Tn s va chm c hiu long
qu gia cc cht phn ng tng b) Nhn xt: Kt ta ng nghim xut hin trc
Phn ng ng nghim 2 xy ra nhanh hn
tc phn ng tng.
*Khi tng hoc gim nhit c) Kt lun:
Khi tng nhit cht phn ng, tc phn ng tng.
cht p th tc p nh th no?
4. Cng c : Chun b mt s bi tp trc nghim
- Tc phn ng l g?
- S nh hng ca nng , p sut, nhit ?
5. Dn d :
176
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- Hc bi, tm hiu s nh hng ca b mt tip xc v xc tc

- Lm bi tp SGK
Rt kinh nghim :
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Tit 62:
Bi 36: TC PHN NG HO HC (tit 2)

- Tc phn ng ho hc

I. MC TIU:
1.Kin thc: Bit c: Cc yu t nh hng n tc phn ng:nng , p sut, nhit
, din tch tip xc, cht xc tc.
2.K nng:
- Quan st th nghim c th, hin tng thc t v tc phn ng, rt ra c nhn xt.
- Vn dng c cc yu t nh hng n tc phn ng lm tng hoc gim tc
ca mt s phn ng trong thc t i sng, sn xut theo hng c li.
II. TRNG TM: Cc yu t nh hng n tc phn ng
- Gv t vn
IV. CHUN B GIO C:
*Gio vin:
- Ho cht: CaCO3, HCl,...
- Dng c: ng nghim, gi ng nghim...
V. TIN TRNH BI DY:
2.Kim tra bi c: Tc phn ng? Gii thch s nh hng ca nhit n tc phn
ng?
3.Bi mi:
1.t vn : Chng ta bit nhng yu t no nh hng n tc phn ng?...
2. Trin khai bi:
Hot ng ca thy v tr
Ni dung bi hc
177
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Hot ng 1: nh hng ca din tch b mt n tc phn ng

Mc tiu: Bit nh hng ca din tch b mt n tc phn ng ho hc
Hot ng 1:
II) Cc yu t nh hng n tc phn ng
GV: Hng dn hc sinh lm th 1) Nng :
nghim theo nhm, quan st phn 2) p sut:
ng xy ra gia dung dch axit 3) Nhit :
HCl v vi c cng th tch 4. nh hng ca din tch b mt.
cng nng nhn xt so snh Cho Axit HCl tc dng vi 2 mu vi c kch thc
mc si bt kh CO2 mi khc nhau.
trng hp t kt lun v s
CaCO3 + 2HCl CaCl2 + CO2 + H2O
lin quan gia din tch b mt
Kt lun :
cht sn vi tc phn ng.
HS : Quan st nhn xt v kt Khi tng din tch b mt cht phn ng, tc phn ng
tng.
lun.
Hot ng 2: Cc yu t nh hng n tc phn ng, nh hng ca cht xc tc
Mc tiu: Bit s nh hng ca cht xc tc n tc phn ng ho hc
- Quan st s phn hy ca H 2O2 chm trong 5. nh hng ca cht xc tc.
dung dch iu kin thng v khi rc thm - Th nghim : xt s phn hy ca H 2O2
vo 1 t bt MnO2, so snh 2 th nghim nhn
chm trong dung dch nhit
xt v kt lun.
thng.
- HS quan st rt ra nhn xt.
2H2O2 2H2O + O2
- Khi kt thc phn ng cht xc tc MnO2 khng - Khi cho vo 1 t bt MnO2
b tiu hao.
Kt lun :
-Gv thng tin v cht c ch phn ng, tc
Cht xc tc l cht lm tng tc phn
khuy trn nh hng n tc p
ng, nhng cn li sau khi phn ng kt
thc.
Hot ng 3: ngha thc tin ca tc phn ng
Mc tiu: Rt ra c ngha ca tc phn ng
Da vo cc yu t nh hng n tc phn III. ngha thc tin ca tc phn
ng ho hc, cho bit ngha ca tc phn ng ho hc: (SGK)
ng trong thc tin, cho v d?
Hot ng 4: Vn dng
Mc tiu: Rn luyn k nng tnh tc phn ng
1) Nng cao nn tc phn ng III. Vn dng:
nhanh hn
1) Ti sao nhit ca ngn la axetilen chy trong
2) Tng din tch tip xc
oxi cao hn nhiu so vi chy trong khng kh to
3)
nn nhit hn cao hn.
C A
0, 78 0,8
a)V = == 10-3 mol.l- 2)Ti sao khi un bp gia nh ngi ta thng p
t
20
nh than, ci ra ?
1
.pht-1
3) Xt phn ng A + B C
178
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b)V=
CB
A
B
A
=> CB = V. t = 10-3.20= Lc u b = 0,8M, b = 1M.Sau 20 pht,
t
gim xung cn 0,78M.
0,02
B sau - B b = 0,02
B sau = 0,02 + 1 = 1.02 M
a) Tnh tc phn ng trung bnh trong khong thi

gian 20 pht. Tc tnh theo A v B c khc khng?
b) Nng ca B sau 20 pht l bao nhiu?
4. Cng c : Chun b mt s bi tp trc nghim: S nh hng ca din tch tip xc, xc

tc
5. Dn d :
- Hc bi, lm bi tp SGK
- Chun b bi thc hnh
Rt kinh nghim :
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Tit 63:
BI 37:
BI THC HNH S 6: TC PHN NG HO HC
I. MC TIU:
*Kin thc:Bit c mc ch, cc bc tin hnh, k thut thc hin ca cc th nghim:
+ nh hng ca nng n tc phn ng.
+ nh hng ca nhit n tc phn ng.
+ nh hng ca din tch tip xc n tc phn ng.
*K nng:
- Vit tng trnh th nghim
179
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*Thi : Cn thn khi tip xc vi ha cht

II. TRNG TM:
- Tc phn ng ha hc.
II.PHNG PHP:
Thc nghim
III. CHUN B:
1.Dng c:
-ng nghim
-Gi ng nghim -Kp g
-ng nh git
-Kp ha cht -n cn
2.Ha cht:
-Dung dch HCl 18% v dung dch HCl 6%.
-Dung dch H2SO4(long) 10%.
-Km kim loi dng ht v vn nh .
3.Chia nhm: theo s s lp 5-6 HS/nhm.
4.Chun b ca hc vin:
-c trc bi 37 trong sgk, xem k cc cc bc tin hnh th nghim.
-n tp nhng kin thc lin quan n bi thc hnh :
+Tc phn ng ha hc .
+Cc yu t nh hng n tc phn ng ho hc nh nng , nhit , din
tch b mt cht rn .
IV.TIN TRNH LN LP:
HOT NG THY V TR
Hot ng 1:
-GV nu ni dung tit thc hnh .Nhng im
cn ch khi thc hin tng th nghim.
-GV nu nhng yu cu cn thc hin trong
tit thc hnh .
Hot ng 2:
Th nghim 1: nh hng ca nng n
tc phn ng.
GV hng dn HV lm th nghim nh SGK ,
quan st th nghim xy ra
NI DUNG BI HC
Th nghim 1:nh hng ca nng n tc

phn ng .
HV thc hin theo tng bc :
-Bc 1:chun b 2 ng nghim nh sau:
+ng 1: 3ml dd HCl 18%
+ng 2: 3ml dd HCl 6%
-Bc 2:Cho ng thi vo mi ng nghim 1 ht
GV lu HV quan st lng bt kh thot ra km
2 ng nghim
-Bc 3: HV quan st hin tng xy ra v nhn
xt. Vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra.
HV vit kt qu vo bng tng trnh
Hot ng 3:
Th nghim 2: nh hng ca nhit n tc
180
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Th nghim 2: nh hng ca nhit n phn ng .

tc phn ng .
GV hng dn HV lm th nghim nh -Bc 1: Chun b 2 ng nghim nh sau:
SGK ,quan st hin tng xy ra ,gii thch
+ ng 1: 3ml dd H2SO4 15%
+ ng 2: 3ml dd H2SO4 15%
-Bc 2: un nng mt ng nghim n gn si ,tip
tc cho ht km vo c hai ng nghim.
-Bc 3: HV quan st hin tng xy ra v nhn xt.
Vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra .
HV vit kt qu vo bng tng trnh.
Hot ng 4:
Th nghim 3: nh hng ca din tch b mt cht
Th nghim 3: nh hng ca din tch b rn n tc phn ng .
mt cht rn n tc phn ng .
GV hng dn HV lm th nghim nh -Bc 1: Chun b 2 ng nghim nh sau:
SGK ,quan st hin tng xy ra ,gii thch
+ ng 1: 3ml dd H2SO4 15%
+ ng 2: 3ml dd H2SO4 15%
-Bc 2:Cho ng thi vo ng 1 ht km to, ng 2
vn km (c tng khi lng bng ht km ng 1)
-Bc 3: HV quan st hin tng xy ra v nhn xt.
Vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra .
HV vit kt qu vo bng tng trnh.
4. Cng c:
- Cc yu t nh hng n tc phn ng ho hc?
- Hon thnh v thc hnh, np
5. Dn d: Chun b bi 38: Cn bng ho hc
Rt kinh nghim:
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Tit 64:
Bi 38: CN BNG HO HC (tit 1)

- Tc phn ng ho hc

- Phn ng mt chiu, phn ng thun nghch
- Cn bng ho hc
- S chuyn dch cn bng
I. MC TIU:
1.Kin thc: Bit c:
- nh ngha phn ng thun nghch v nu th d .
- Khi nim v cn bng ho hc v nu th d.
- Khi nim v s chuyn dch cn bng ho hc v nu th d.
2.K nng:
Quan st th nghim rt ra c nhn xt v phn ng thun nghch v cn bng ho hc.
II. TRNG TM: Cn bng ha hc, s chuyn dch cn bng ha hc
- Gv t vn
IV. CHUN B GIO C:
*Gio vin: Gio n
V. TIN TRNH BI DY:
3.Bi mi:
a.t vn : Dn dt t bi c
b.Trin khai bi
HOT NG THY V TR
NI DUNG KIN THC
Hot ng 1: Phn ng mt chiu, phn ng thun nghch
182
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Mc tiu: Hc sinh bit th no l phn ng mt chiu, phn ng thun nghch

GV hng dn HV I Phn ng mt chiu, phn ng thun nghch v cn bng ha hc :
hiu v phn ng 1 Phn ng mt chiu : l phn ng ch xy ra theo 1 chiu t tri sang
mt chiu v phn phi
ng thun nghch
MnO2 , t0
Vd: 2KClO3
2KCl + 3O2
2.Phn ng thun nghch :l nhng phn ng trong cng iu kin xy ra
theo 2 chiu tri ngc nhau.
(1)
Vd : Cl2 + H2O
HCl + HClO
(2)
(1) phn ng thun
(2) phn ng nghch.
Hot ng 2: Cn bng ho hc
Mc tiu: Hc sinh bit th no l cn bng ho hc
GV hng dn Hs tp phn tch s liu thu c t 3 Cn bng ha hc :
thc nghim ca phn ng thun nghch sau:
H2 (k + I2 (k)
2 HI(k)
t =0 0,500
0,500
0 mol
t 0 0,393
0,397
0,786 mol
t: cb 0,107
0,107
0,786 mol
GV hng dn HV (GV treo hnh v 7.4)
- Lc u do cha c HI nn s mol HI bng 0
- Phn ng xy ra: H2 kt hp vi I2 cho HI nn lc
ny vt max v gim dn theo s mol H2, I2 , ng thi - nh ngha: CBHH l trng thi ca
HI va to thnh li phn hu cho H2, I2 , vn tng
phn ng thun nghch khi tc
Sau mt khong thi gian vt =vn lc h cn bng phn ng thun bng tc phn
Cbhh l g?
ng nghch.
- HS da vo SGK nh ngha th no l cn bng ha - CBHH l mt cn bng ng.
- trng thi cn bng th trong h
hc
- HS nghin cu SGK v cho bit : ti sao CBHH l lun lun c mt cht phn ng v
cc cht sn phm
cn bng ng?
- GV lu HS cc cht c trong h cn bng
Hot ng 3: S chuyn dch cn bng
Mc tiu: Hc sinh bit th no l s chuyn dch cn bng
-GV lm TN nh hnh v 7.5 trang 158-sgk
II. S chuyn dch cn
-GV t vn : trong 2 ng nghim c hn hp kh NO2 v N2O4 . bng ha hc :
2NO2 (k)
N2O4 (k)
1.Th nghim : sgk
(nu )
(khng mu)
2.nh ngha : S chuyn
-t mt ng nghim vo bnh nc , quan st mu sc 2 bn dch cn bng ha hc l
ng nghim, Hs cho bit trong hn hp trn tn ti ch yu l NO 2 s dch chuyn t trng
hay N2O4 ?
thi cn bng ny sang
-GV b sung: tn ti N2O4 , [NO2] gim bt , [N2O4] tng thm so trng thi cn bng khc
ban u ngha l CBHH ban u b ph v
do tc ng t cc yu t
-Lu : Nu tip tc , mu sc ca ng nghim s khng thay i bn ngoi ln cn bng
na ngha l CBHH mi ang hnh thnh .=> s chuyn dch cn
183
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bng.
-HS da vo sgk pht biu nh ngha ?
4. Cng c: CBHH v s chuyn dch cn bng
5. Dn d: Nghin cu v cc yu t nh hng n CBHH, ngha ca CBHH
Rt kinh nghim :
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Tit 65:
Bi 38: CN BNG HO HC (tit 2)

- Phn ng mt chiu, phn ng thun nghch - Cc yu t nh hng n cn bng ho hc
- Cn bng ho hc
- Nguyn l L Sa- t- li
- S chuyn dch cn bng
- ngha ca cn bng ho hc
I. MC TIU:
1.Kin thc: Bit c:
- Cc yu nh hng n cn bng ho hc
- Ni dung nguyn l L Sa- t- li v c th ho trong mi trng hp c th.
2.K nng:
- D on c chiu chuyn dch cn bng ho hc trong nhng iu kin c th.
- Vn dng c cc yu t nh hng n cn bng ho hc xut cch tng hiu sut
phn ng trong trng hp c th.
184
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II. TRNG TM: S chuyn dch cn bng ha hc, nguyn l L Sa- t- li.
- Gv t vn
IV. CHUN B GIO C:
*Gio vin: Gio n
V. TIN TRNH BI DY:
2.Kim tra bi c: Phn ng thun nghch v phn ng mt chiu? S chuyn dch cn
bng?
3.Bi mi:
b.Trin khai bi
HOT NG THY V TR
NI DUNG KIN THC
Hot ng 1: nh hng ca nng n cn bng ho hc
Mc tiu: Bit s nh hng ca nng n cn bng ho hc, d on c chiu chuyn
dch cn bng khi thay i nng cht
GV m thoi dn dt HS theo h thng cu hi:
III.Cc yu t nh hng n cn bng
-Khi h cn bng th vt ln hn ,bng hay nh hn ha hc
vn? Nng cc cht c thay i na hay khng?
1.nh hng ca nng :
-Khi thm CO2 th vt hay vn tng?
V d: Xt phn ng:
HS: + vt = vn ,[cht ] khng thay i
C(r) + CO2 (k)
2CO( k)
+ vt tng.
+ Khi thm CO2 [CO2] tng vt tng
GV b sung: Cn bng c b ph v, cn bng mi xy ra phn ng thun (chiu lm
c thit lp, nng cc cht khc so vi cn gim [CO2] )
bng c .
+ Khi ly bt CO2 [CO2] gim vn
-Khi thm CO2 phn ng xy ra theo chiu thun tng vt < vn xy ra phn ng nghch
s lm gim hay tng nng CO2 ?
(chiu lm tng [CO2])
HS: lm gim [CO2]
Vy : Khi tng hoc gim nng ca
-GV: Em hy nhn xt trong phn ng thun mt cht trong cn bng th cn bng bao
nghch khi tng nng mt cht th CBHH dch gi cng chuyn dch theo chiu lm
chuyn v pha no?
gim tc dng ca vic tng hoc gim
Tng t vi trng hp ly bt CO2
nng ca cht .
HS da vo sgk a ra nhn xt cui cng v nh Lu : Cht rn khng lm nh hng
hng ca nng .
n cn bng ca h.
Hot ng 2: nh hng ca p sut n cn bng ho hc
Mc tiu: Bit s nh hng ca p sut n cn bng ho hc, d on c chiu chuyn
185
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dch cn bng khi thay i p sut

GV m t th nghim v m thoi gi m, nu vn 2.nh hng ca p sut :
gip HS tm hiu nh hng ca p sut
Khi tng hoc gim p sut chung
V d: Xt phn ng:
ca h cn bng th cn bng bao
N2O4 (k)
2NO2 (k)
gi cng chuyn dch theo chiu
-Nhn xt phn ng:
lm gim tc dng ca vic tng
+C 1 mol N2O4 to ra 2 mol NO2 =>phn ng thun hoc gim p sut
lm tng p sut .
*Lu : Khi s mol kh 2 v
+C 2mol NO2 to ra 1 mol N2O4 => phn ng bng nhau th p sut khng nh
nghch lm gim p sut.
hng n cn bng.
-S nh hng ca p sut n cn bng:
V d: H2(k) + I2(k)
2HI
+ Khi tng p chung s mol NO2 gim, s mol (k)
N2O4 tng => cn bng chuyn dch theo chiu nghch
( lm gim p sut ca h )
+ Khi gim p chung s mol NO2 tng, s mol
N2O4 gim => cn bng chuyn dch theo chiu thun
( lm tng p sut )
Hot ng 3: nh hng ca nhit n cn bng ho hc
Mc tiu: Bit s nh hng ca nhit n cn bng ho hc, d on c chiu chuyn
dch cn bng khi thay i nhit
GV m thoi gi m, nu vn 3.nh hng ca nhit :
gip HV tm hiu nh hng *Phn ng thu nhit v phn ng to nhit:
ca nhit .
-Phn ng thu nhit l phn ng ly thm nng lng
Xt phn ng:
to sn phm .K hiu: H > 0.
N2O4 (k)
2NO2 (k) H =
-Phn ng to nhit l phn ng mt bt nng lng .
+58kJ
K hiu H < 0.
(khng mu )
(nu )
*V d: Xt phn ng:
+Khi un nng hn hp mu N2O4 (k)
2NO2 (k) H = +58kJ
(nu )
nu ca hn hp kh m ln (khng mu )
=>phn ng xy ra theo chiu -Nhn xt:
thun ngha l chiu thu nhit +Phn ng thun thu nhit v H = +58kJ >0
+Phn ng nghch ta nhit v H =-58kJ < 0
(gim nhit phn ng)
+Khi lm lnh hn hp mu -nh hng ca nhit n cn bng ha hc: Khi tng
nu ca hn hp kh nht dn nhit , cn bng chuyn dch theo chiu phn ng thu
=>phn ng xy ra theo chiu nhit (gim tc dng tng nhit ).Khi gim nhit ,
nghch ngha l chiu ta nhit cn bng phn ng chuyn dch theo chiu phn ng ta
nhit (gim tc dng gim nhit )
(tng nhit phn ng).
Hot ng 4: Nguyn l chuyn dch cn bng v vai tr ca cht xc tc
Mc tiu: Bit nguyn l chuyn dch cn bng v vai tr ca cht xc tc
GV : Em hy nu im ging nhau ca Kt lun: Nguyn l chuyn dch cn bng L Sachiu chuyn dch CBHH khi c mt yu t-li-: Mt phn ng thun nghch ang trng
t (nng , nhit , p sut )tc ng thi cn bng khi chu mt tc ng t bn ngoi
n phn ng thun nghch.
nh bin i nng , p sut, nhit th cn
186
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HS nu nguyn l
bng s chuyn dch theo chiu lm gim tc ng

bn ngoi .
GV trnh by theo sgk
4.Vai tr ca xc tc:
- Khng nh hng n CBHH
- Lm cho CB c thit lp nhanh hn
Hot ng 5: ngha ca tc phn ng v cn bng ho hc trong sn xut ho hc
Mc tiu: Bit cch tng hiu sut phn ng trong sn xut ho hc
GV t cu hi IV. ngha ca tc phn ng v cn bng ha hc trong sn xut ha
m thoi cng HS hc.
V d 1: Trong sn xut axit sunfuric phi thc hin phn ng sau trong
diu kin no?(nng , nhit , p sut )
2SO2 (k) +O2 (k)
2SO3 (k) H < 0
GV c th ly Gii:
thm v d minh phn ng chuyn dch theo chiu thun th:
ho
+ d khng kh ( d oxi)
CaCO3
(r)
+ nhit kh cao 4500C
CaO(r) + CO2(k)
+ xc tc V2O5
H < 0
V d 2: Cn thc hin iu kin no phn ng tng hp amoniac t
hiu sut cao?
N2 (k) + 3H2 (k)
2 NH3(k) H < 0
Gii:
Thc hin phn ng trong iu kin:
+ p sut cao
+ nhit thch hp
+ xc tc bt Fe + Al2O3/K2O
4. Cng c: Cc yu t nh hng n CBHH, ngha ca CBHH
5. Dn d: Xem li chng 7
Rt kinh nghim :
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187
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Tit 66:
Bi 39: LUYN TP: TC PHN NG

V CN BNG HA HC (tit 1)
I. MC TIU:
- Tc phn ng v cc yu t nh hng n tc phn ng
- Cn bng ho hc, s chuyn dch cn bng v cc yu t nh hng n cn bng ho hc
2.K nng:
- Vn dng c cc yu t nh hng n cn bng ho hc trong trng hp c th.
II. TRNG TM:
Vn dng nguyn l chuyn dch cn bng xc nh chiu chuyn dch cn bng
- Gv t vn
IV. CHUN B GIO C:
*Gio vin: Gio n
V. TIN TRNH BI DY:
2.Kim tra bi c: Kt hp trong bi
3.Bi mi:
b.Trin khai bi
HOT NG THY V TR
NI DUNG KIN THC
Hot ng 1:Kin thc cn nm vng
Mc tiu: Cng c kin thc v cc yu t nh hng n tc phn ng ho hc, cn bng
ho hc, s chuyn dch cn bng, cc yu t nh hng n cn bng
- C th dng nhng bin php g tng Dng1: Cc bin php tng tc phn ng ha
tc ca nhng phn ng ho hc xy hc.
ra chm nhng iu kin thng.
- Tng CM, to, P, xt, din tch b mt.
188
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- GV cng HS tho lun gii bi tp s 4 - Phn ng c tc phn ng ln.

(SGK)
BT4/168
Fe + CuSO4 (4M)
Znbt + CuSO4 (2M)
Zn + CuSO4 (2M, 50oC)
2H2 + O2
2 H2O
- Mt phn ng thun nghch trng thi *Dng2: Cn bng ho hc
nh th no gi l CBHH?
-Khi Vt = Vn
- C th duy tr mt CBHH n khng -C th duy tr
bin i theo thi gian khng? Bng cch -Bng cch gi nguyn k phn ng.
no?
- Th no l s CDCB ?
* Dng 3: S chuyn dch Cn bng
- Nu nguyn l chuyn dch cn bng?
- L s chuyn t trng thi Cb ny sang trng thi
CB khc do tc ng CM, to, P
Hot ng 2:Vn dng
Mc tiu: Rn luyn k nng vn dng nguyn l L Sa-t-li xc nh chiu chuyn dch
cn bng
Hot ng 4: Bi tp
BT5: - Ht kh CO2, hi nc
Lm bi tp 5, 6, 7
- un nng
HS ng ti ch tr li
BT6:
a) Cn bng chuyn dch theo chiu thun
b) c) Cht rn khng nh hng n cn bng
d) Cn bng chuyn dch theo chiu thun
e) Cn bng chuyn dch theo chiu thun
BT7:
a) Chuyn dch theo chiu nghch
b) Khng chuyn dch
c) Chuyn dch theo chiu thun
d) Khng chuyn dch
e) Chuyn dch theo chiu nghch
4. Cng c: GV tng kt bi luyn tp
5. Dn d: c bi Hng s cn bng
Rt kinh nghim:
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189
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Tit 67:
Bi 39: LUYN TP: TC PHN NG

V CN BNG HA HC (tit 2)
I. MC TIU:
- Tc phn ng v cc yu t nh hng n tc phn ng
- Cn bng ho hc, s chuyn dch cn bng v cc yu t nh hng n cn bng ho hc
2.K nng:
- Vn dng c cc yu t nh hng n cn bng ho hc trong trng hp c th.
II. TRNG TM:
Vn dng nguyn l chuyn dch cn bng xc nh chiu chuyn dch cn bng
- Gv t vn
190
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IV. CHUN B GIO C:

*Gio vin: Gio n
V. TIN TRNH BI DY:
2.Kim tra bi c: Kt hp trong bi
3.Bi mi:
b.Trin khai bi
HOT NG THY V TR
NI DUNG KIN THC
Hot ng 1: Tho lun lm bi tp theo nhm
Hot ng 1:
Vn dng:
Gv pht cho mi nhm 1 gm cc bi tp, gii theo
nhm, mi hs u tham gia tr li sau khi hon thnh
bi ca nhm:
Cu 1: Phn ng tng hp NH3 theo pthh:
Cu 1: C
N2 + H2 NH3 H < 0 cn bng chuyn dch
theo chiu thun cn:
A. Tng p sut
B. Tng nhit
C. Gim nhit
D. A v C
Cu 2: Phn ng sn xut vi:
Cu 2: B
CaCO3 (r) CaO(r) + CO2(k) H > 0
Bin php k thut tc ng vo qu trnh sn xut
tng hiu xut phn ng l:
A. Tng p sut
B. Tng nhit
C. Gim p sut
D. A v C
Cu 3: Phn ng sn xut vi:
Cu 3: A
CaCO3 (r) CaO(r) + CO2(k) H > 0
Hng s cn bng Kp ca phn ng ph thuc vo:
A. p sut ca kh CO2 C. Khi lng CaO
B. Khi lng CaCO3
D. Cht xc tc
Cu 4: Cho cn bng:
2NO2 N2O4 H=-58,04 kJ Nhng bnh ng hn
hp NO2 v N2O4 vo nc th:
A. Hn hp vn gi nguyn mu nh b
Cu 4: C
B. Mu nu m dn
C. Mu nu nht dn
D. Hn hp c mu khc
191
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Cu 5: Khi tng p sut ca h phn ng:

Cu 5: C
CO + H2O CO2 + H2 th cn bng s:
A. Chuyn ri theo chiu thun
B. Chuyn ri theo chiu nghch
C. Khng dch chuyn
D. Chuyn ri theo chiu thun ri cbng
Cu 6: Cho cn bng ha hc:
Cu 6: A
N2 + O2 2NO H > 0 thu c nhiu kh NO,
ngi ta:
A. Tng nhit
B. Tng p sut
A. Gim nhit
D. Gim p sut
Cu 7: Hng s cn bng ca phn ng:
Cu 7: A
N2O4 (k) 2NO2 (k) l:
NO2
K
N 2O4
A.
C. K
NO2
N 2O4
B. K
NO2
1
N 2O4 2
D. Kt qu khc
Cu 8: Cht xc tc l:
A. Cht lm tng tc phn ng
B. Cht khng thay i khi lng trc v sau
phn ng
C. Cht lm thay i tc phn ng nhng khi
lng khng i sau khi phn ng kt thc
D. C A, B v C
Cu 9: Hng s cn bng KC ca mt cht xc nh ch
ph thuc vo:
A. Nng ca cc cht
B. Hiu sut phn ng
C. Nhit phn ng
D. p sut
Cu 10: Cho bit phn ng sau:
H2O(k) + CO(k) H2(k) + CO2(k) 700oC hng s
cn bng K=1,873. Tnh nng H2O v CO trng
thi cn bng, bit rng hn hp ban u gm 0,300 mol
H2O v 0,300 mol CO trong bnh 10lt 700oC.
A. 0,01733M
B. 0,01267M
C. 0,1733M
D. 0,1267M
Cu 8: C
Cu 9: A
Cu 10: CM =
0,3
= 0,03M
10
Gi x l nng nc phn ng ti
thi im t:
H2O(k) + CO(k) H2(k) +
CO2(k)
B 0,03M 0,03M
0
0
P
x
x
x
x
Cb 0,03-x 0,03-x
x
x
192
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Ta c:
K C=
x.x
H 2 CO2
2
=
H 2O CO 0, 03 x =1,87
3
x1= 0,1115 > 0,03 (loi)
X2= 0,0173 (chn)
Vy p n ng l A
Hot ng 2: Gii bi
- Gv thu bi tt c cc nhm, ln lt gi i din cc
nhm tr li
- Mt hs ln bng lm cu 10
4. Cng c: GV tng kt bi luyn tp
5. Dn d: n li ton b kin thc chng 4,5,6,7 chun b n tp kim tra hc k
Rt kinh nghim:
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193
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Tit 68:
N TP HC K II (tit 1)
I. MC TIU:
1.Kin thc: Cng c li kin thc v phn ng oxi ha kh, halogen, oxi- lu hunh,axit
sunfuric,
tc phn ng, cn bng ho hc, s chuyn dch cn bng...
2.K nng: Rn luyn k nng lm bi t lun logic, nhanh, chnh xc
3. Thi : Nghim tc, tp trung
II. TRNG TM: Cng c kin thc v halogen, oxi-lu hunh, axit sunfuric
II.PHNG PHP GING DY: Din ging - pht vn - Kt nhm
III. CHUN B GIO C:
*Gio vin: Tng hp kin thc, cho hc sinh photo cng trc (km theo)
*Hc sinh: n bi, lm bi tp trong cng
IV. TIN TRNH BI DY:
3.Bi mi:
a.t vn : chun b cho kim tra hc k c tt, chng ta cn phi nm vng tt c
cc kin thc hc Ly cng ra n tp
b.Trin khai bi
HOT NG THY V TR
NI DUNG KIN THC
Gv pht vn hc sinh v kin thc cc chng ( c trong S lc trong cng (Nhng
194
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
cng)
bi tp ny lm trong qu
Hc sinh lm bi tp theo nhm Ln bng trnh byNhm trnh hc)
khc nhn xt, b sungGV nh gi, hng dn cch trnh by
4. Cng c: Nhc li mt s im quan trng cn ch v cc cht hc, cho bit cu trc
5. Dn d: Lm bi tp trong cng
Rt kinh nghim:
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N TP HC K II (tit 2)
Tit 69:
I. MC TIU:
1.Kin thc: Cng c li kin thc v phn ng oxi ha kh, halogen, oxi- lu hunh,axit
sunfuric,
tc phn ng, cn bng ho hc, s chuyn dch cn bng...
2.K nng: Rn luyn k nng lm bi t lun logic, nhanh, chnh xc
195
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3. Thi : Nghim tc, tp trung

II. TRNG TM: Rn luyn k nng gii bi ton v axit sunfuric
II.PHNG PHP GING DY: Din ging -pht vn -kt nhm
III. CHUN B GIO C:
*Gio vin: Tng hp kin thc, cho hc sinh photo cng trc (km theo)
*Hc sinh: n bi, lm bi tp trong cng
IV. TIN TRNH BI DY:
3.Bi mi:
a.t vn : chun b cho kim tra hc k c tt, chng ta cn phi nm vng tt c
cc kin thc hc Ly cng ra n tp
b.Trin khai bi
HOT NG THY V TR
NI DUNG KIN THC
Hc sinh lm bi tp theo nhm Ln bng trnh byNhm (Nhng bi tp ny lm trong
khc nhn xt, b sungGV nh gi, hng dn cch trnh by qu trnh hc)
4. Cng c: Nhc li mt s im quan trng cn ch khi gii bi tp hn hp
5. Dn d: Hc bi, lm bi tp, chun b tt nht cho bi kim tra
Rt kinh nghim:
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196
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CNG N TP HKII- LP 10CB

A. L thuyt:
I.Chng 4: PHN NG OXI HO - KH
Lp phng trnh ho hc ca phn ng oxi ho kh (4bc)
Bc 1: Xc nh s oxi ho ca cc nguyn t trong phn ng tm cht oxi ho, cht
kh
Bc 2: Vit qu trnh oxi ho v qu trnh kh, cn bng mi qu trnh
Bc 3: Tm h s thch hp cho cht oxi ho, cht kh sao cho tng s electron do cht
kh nhng bng tng s e m cht oxi ho nhn
Bc 4: t cc h s ca cht oxi ho v cht kh vo s phn ng, t tinh ra h s
ca cc cht khc c mt trong phng trnh ho hc. Kim tra s cn bng s nguyn t ca
cc nguyn t 2 v
I.Chng 5: NHM HALOGEN
Cc
F
Cl
Br
I
Halogen
m
3,98
3,16
2,96
in
2,66
Tnh oxi
ho
Tnh oxi ho gim dn
as
C
to
Phn ng F2+H2
2HCl
2
252
Br2+H
2HBr
I2+H2 t 2
2HF Cl2+H
2
( no )
vi H2
HI
Phn ng 2F2+2H2O4HF+
Cl2+H2O
HCl+H Br2+H2O
HBr+H Hu
nh
vi H2O
ClO
BrO
khng
tc
O2
dng
Cc dung
HF
HCl
HBr
dch HX
HI
o
Cc
cht
Tnh axit v tnh kh tng dn

hp NaClO, CaOCl2 c tnh oxi ho mnh do ion ClO - c 1 th hin tnh oxi ho
Cl
ca
mnh
197
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
clo vi oxi
Nhn bit
FClBrIcc
ion
Khng tc dng
Kt ta trng AgCl
Kt ta vng nht
Kt ta vng
Halogenua
AgBr
AgI
bng dd
AgNO3
III.Chng 6: OXI- LU HUNH
Tnh cht c trng
O2
O3
S
Tnh oxi ho Tnh oxi ho mnh hn Th hin tnh oxi ho v
mnh
oxi
tnh kh
2
4
4
6
6
Tnh cht cc hp
H2 S
S O2
H 2 S O3
S O3
H 2 S O4
cht ca lu hunh
Tnh kh mnh
Tnh oxi ho hoc tnh
Tnh oxi ho mnh
kh
Sn xut H2SO4 trong
V OO,t
S hoc FeS2
SO3 H O H2SO4
O SO2
cng nghip
Nhn bit ion sunfat
Cho tc dng vi dung dch BaCl2 BaSO4mu trng khng tan trong
axit
2
2 5
B. Cc dng bi tp:
1) Xc nh tn, v tr nguyn t da vo cu hnh electron nguyn t hoc cu hnh e lp ngoi
cng ca ion
2) Tnh cht ho hc c trng ca cc cht, vit PTHH minh ho
3) Hin tng th nghim, vit phng trnh
4) Vit PTHH, s iu ch
5) Hon thnh dy chuyn ho
6) Nhn bit
7) Bi ton SO2 tc dng vi dung dch kim
8) Xc nh cng thc ho hc mt cht
9) Vit phng trnh phn ng vi axit sunfuric c, long
10) Bi ton v hn hp kim loi
C. Bi ton:
1) BT8/114 SGK
2) BT10/139 SGK
3) Hon thnh chui phn ng sau:
a.S SO2 Na2SO3 SO2 SO3 H2SO4 FeSO4 Fe(OH)2 FeSO4 BaSO4
b.Na2S H2S K2S H2S FeS H2S S H2S SO2 H2SO4 SO2 Na2SO3
c.H2SO4 SO2 H2SO4 Fe2(SO4)3 Fe(OH)3 Fe2(SO4)3 K2SO4 BaSO4.
4) Hon thnh cc HTHH:
198
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a. Fe2O3 + H2SO4 c nng.

l. P + H2SO4.
b. FeO + H2SO4 c nng.
m. Mg + H2SO4 c.
c. Fe + H2SO4 c nng.
n. Al(OH)3 + H2SO4 c nng.
d. Fe2O3 + H2SO4 long.
o. KBr + H2SO4c
e. Al + H2SO4 long
p. FeS2 + H2SO4 c.
f. Al+ H2SO4 c nng.
q. FeCO3 + H2SO4 c
g. Fe(OH)3 + H2SO4 c nng.
x. Fe3O4 + H2SO4 c.
h. CuO + H2SO4 c nng.
y. Zn + H2SO4 c.
k. Cu + H2SO4 c.
z. Ag + H2SO4 c nng
5) Bng phng php ha hc hy nhn bit cc dung dch:
a) HNO3, BaCl2, NaCl, HCl
b) H2SO4, HCl, NaOH, Na2SO4, HNO3.
c) K2SO3, K2SO4, K2S, KNO3.
d) H2SO4, HNO3, HCl
6)Ch dng mt thuc th hy nhn bit cc dung dch: BaCl2, NaCl, H2SO4
7)Cn bng cc phng trnh phn ng sau:
Mg + H2SO4 c MgSO4 + S + H2O.
Zn + H2SO4 c ZnSO4 + H2S + H2O.
Fe + H2SO4 c Fe2(SO4)3 + H2S + H2O.
Al + H2SO4 c Al2(SO4)3 + S + H2O.
Ag + H2SO4 c Ag2SO4 + SO2 + H2O
Fe3O4 + H2SO4 c Fe2(SO4)3 + SO2 + H2O
FeS2 + H2SO4 c Fe2(SO4)3 + SO2 + H2O
8) Cho 5,6 lt kh SO2(kc) vo:
a) 400ml dung dch KOH 1,5M
b) 250ml dung dch NaOH 0,8M
c) 200ml dung dch KOH 2M
9) Cho mg hn hp gm Fe, Zn, Cu tc dng ht vi dung dch H 2SO4 long thu c 13,44 lt
kh (ktc)v 9,6g cht rn. Mt khc cng ly mg hn hp ni trn cho tc dng ht vi dung
dch H2SO4 c ngui thu c 7,84 lt kh (ktc).
a.
Tnh m?
a.
Tnh thnh phn % theo khi lng mi kim loi.
10) Cho 15,15 g hn hp gm Fe, Al tc dng ht vi 500g dung dch H 2SO4 c nng thu c
13440ml kh (ktc).
a.
Tnh thnh phn % theo khi lng mi kim loi.
a.
Tnh nng % H2SO4.
b.
Dn ton b lng kh sinh ra qua 300g dung dch NaOH 11,4% Tnhkhi
lng mui to thnh sau phn ng
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to
to
to
to
199
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Tit 70:
Kt qu:
Lp 10
B1
B4
B5
B6
KIM TRA HC K II
0<3,5
3,5 <5
5<6,5
6,5<8
810
200

GIÁO ÁN HÓA HỌC LỚP 10 CƠ BẢN

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GIÁO ÁN HÓA HỌC LỚP 10 CƠ BẢN

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GIO N HA HC LP 10 C BN

* Trong , MA, MB l khi lng mol ca kh A

Tit 2: N TP U NM (Tip theo)

- Nng mol (CM) ca mt dung dch cho bit s

GV: Cng thc lin h ca C% v C M ca cng

D l khi lng ring ca dung dch (g/ml hoc

Hot ng 3. Bng tun hon cc nguyn

- Chu k l g? Chu k cho bit ci g?

- Nhm nguyn t l g? Cho VD minh ha?

9. Bng tun hon cc nguyn t ha hc

Ngi son: Vn Th Kim Hoan

- Hin tng mn hunh quang pht sng ta rt

* c tnh ca tia m cc:

Hot ng 3. S tm ra ht nhn nguyn t

b. Khi lng v in tch electron

nguyn t,mang in tch dng, k hiu p.

khi ca ht nhn Fe?

GV cho HS p dng gii bi ton :

- Tng s ht c bn trong nguyn t ca mt nguyn t l 34, trong tng s ht mang

tch ht nhn, do vy thuc v 1 nguyn t ha

bng HTTH v c tnh cht ha hc ging nhau

IV. Nguyn t khi v nguyn t khi trung

Cho HS p dng: Xc nh nguyn t khi ca

2. Nguyn t khi trung bnh

3. Nguyn t ha hc, ng v, nguyn t khi

39 x93,258 41x6,73 40 x0,012

Ngy son: 19/08/2014

- Cng c kin thc trng tm ca phn ng v, nguyn t khi

khi trung bnh ca Br l 79,98. Tm s khi v % Ta c: 79,98 = 79.50,69 B.49,31

(99,984%), 21H (0,016%) v hai ng v ca

b). C bn loi phn t HCl khc nhau to nn t

0,9223. X 0,0467. X 0,031. X 28,0855

X1 = 28; X2 = 29; X3 = 30.

9. Kt qu phn tch cho thy trong phn t kh

Ngi son: Vn Th Kim Hoan

63x + 6500 - 65x = 6354,6

II. Lp electron v phn lp electron

Hot ng 3. GV cng c cc ni dung trn

- GV cho HS bit s electron ti a trong lp 2. S electron ti a trong mt lp

Tit 9 - 10: Bi 5. CU HNH ELECTRON NGUYN T

- GV vit cu hnh e ca H, He, O

- GV thng tin v nguyn t s, p, d, f

nhiu electron lp ngoi cng. T rt ra

Ngy son: 26/08/2014

Ngi son: Vn Th Kim Hoan

(1) suy ra: N = 13 2Z

Z nguyn dng nn ta chn Z = 4

Ngy son: 26/08/2014

Z l mt s nguyn dng nn ta chn Z = 8 v

Ngy son: 09/09/2014

Z nguyn dng nn ta chn Z = 6 v Z=7

Bi 2: Nguyn t X c tng s ht l 58, s ht (Nit)

Ngy son: 05/09/2014

Hot ng 1. S lc v s pht minh ra bng

S lc v s pht minh ra bng tun hon

I. Nguyn tc sp xp cc nguyn t trong

- Cc nguyn t c xp theo chiu tng dn

- Cc nguyn t m nguyn t c cng s lp

Chu k l dy cc nguyn t m nguyn t

Ngy son: 06/09/2014

nguyn t Li, Na, K Cu hnh tng t nhau

nhau, sp xp thnh mt ct.

- Nhm A: gm 8 nhm t IA VIIIA (Mi