Professional Documents
Culture Documents
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vf = final velocity (in m/s)
vi = inital velocity (in m/s)
a = acceleration (in m/s2)
d = displacement (in m)
g = - 9.80 m/s2
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Forces
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FNET = net force (in N)
m = mass (in kg)
a = acceleration (in m/s2)
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W = weight (in N)
m = mass (in kg)
g = acceleration due to gravity (9.80 m /s2)
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Ff = frictional force (in N)
= coefficient of friction (unitless)
FN = normal force (in N)
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at constant velocity only
Ff = frictional force (in N)
FA = applied force (in N)
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on a horizontal surface only
FN = normal force (in N)
W = weight (in N)
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at constant velocity on a horizontal surface only
FA = applied force (in N)
= coefficient of friction (unitless)
W = weight (in N)
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Vectors
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Pythagorean theorem relating the lengths of the legs (a and b)
to the hypotenuse (c) in a right triangle
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Trigonometric definition of sine as the ratio of the length of the
opposite side to the hypotenuse
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Trigonometric definition of cosine as the ratio of the length of
the adjacent side to the hypotenuse
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Trigonometric definition of tangent as the ratio of
the length of the opposite side to the adjacent side
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Trigonometric identity equating the sine of an angle to cosine of its complement
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Trigonometric identity equating the tangent of an
angle to reciprocal of the tangent of its complement
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Ax = length of the x-component of vector A
Ay = length of the y-component of vector A
A = magnitude of vector A
= angle of vector A (in standard degrees
counterclockwise from the x-axis)
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Statement showing that the x-component of a resultant vector is
equal to the sum of the x-components of the component vectors
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Statement showing that the y-component of a resultant vector is
equal to the sum of the y-components of the component vectors
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F "perpendicular" = the perpendicular
component of the weight of an object on
an inclined plane (in N)
W = weight (in N)
= angle of inclination of an inclined plane (in degrees)
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F "parallel" = the parallel component of the
weight of an object on an inclined plane (in N)
W = weight (in N)
= angle of inclination of an inclined plane (in degrees)
m = mass (in kg)
g = acceleration due to gravity (9.80 m/s2)
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a = acceleration of an object down a frictionless inclined
plane (in m/s2)
g = acceleration due to gravity (9.80 m/s2)
= angle of inclination of an inclined plane (in degrees)
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= coefficient of friction (unitless)
= angle of inclination of an inclined plane when an object
first
begins to move (as the angle is slowly increased) (in
degrees)
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Kinematics: Two-Dimensional Motion
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x = horizontal displacement (in m)
vx = horizontal velocity (in m/s)
t = time
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y = vertical displacement (in m)
vy = initial vertical velocity (in m/s)
t = time
g = acceleration due to gravity (- 9.80 m/s2)
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vx = initial horizontal velocity (in m/s)
v = initial velocity at an angle (in m/s)
= initial angle (in degrees)
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vy = initial vertical velocity (in m/s)
v = initial velocity at an angle (in m/s)
= initial angle (in degrees)
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t = total time in the air for a projectile launched at an angle (in
vy = initial vertical velocity (in m/s)
g = acceleration due to gravity (- 9.80 m/s2)
s)
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W = work (in J)
F = force (in N)
d = displacement in the direction of the force (in m)
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Fh = horizontal component of the force (in N)
F = force (in N)
= angle between the directions of the force and the
horizontal displacement (in degrees)
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W = work (in J)
Fh = horizontal component of the force (in N)
F = force (in N)
= angle between the directions of the force
and the horizontal displacement (in degrees)
d = horizontal displacement (in m)
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P = power (in W)
W = work (in J)
t = time (in s)
F = force (in N)
= angle between the directions of the
force and the horizontal displacement (in degrees)
d = displacement (in m)
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% Efficiency of a machine
Wo = work output (in J)
Wi = work input (in J)
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Energy
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W = work (in J)
E = change in energy (in J)
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PE = gravitational potential energy (in J)
m = mass (in kg)
g = acceleration due to gravity (9.80 m/s2)
h = height above reference level (in m)
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KE = kinetic energy (in J)
m = mass (in kg)
v = velocity (in m/s)
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KEi = initial kinetic energy (in J)
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Current Electricity and Circuits
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I = current (in A)
q = charge (in C)
t = time (in s)
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i = angle of incidence (in degrees)
r = angle of reflection (in degrees)
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Light, Reflection and Refraction
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E = illuminance (in lx)
P= luminous flux of the light source (in lm)
d = distance from source to surface (in m)
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n = index of refraction (unitless)
i = angle of incidence (in degrees)
r = angle of refraction (in degrees)
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ni = index of refraction of incident medium (unitless)
nr = index of refraction of refracting medium (unitless)
i = angle of incidence (in degrees)
r = angle of refraction (in degrees)
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ns = index of refraction in a given substance (unitless)
c = speed of light = 3.00 X 108 m/s
vs = speed of light in the substance (in m/s)
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c = critical angle (in degrees)
n = index of refraction (unitless)
sin c
n2
n1
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Mirrors and Lenses
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f = focal length of mirror or lens (in m)
di = image distance (in m)
do = object distance (in m)
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m= magnification (unitless)
hi = image height (in m)
ho = object height (in m)
di = image distance (in m)
do = object distance (in m)
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