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Chng 4: :: :
Lin kt kinh t quc t Lin kt kinh t quc t Lin kt kinh t quc t Lin kt kinh t quc t
4.1 Lin kt kinh t quc t
4.2 Cc t chc quc t quan trng
NTV NTV NTV NTV Lin kt kinh t quc t Lin kt kinh t quc t Lin kt kinh t quc t Lin kt kinh t quc t 2
4.1 Lin kt kinh t quc t 4.1 Lin kt kinh t quc t 4.1 Lin kt kinh t quc t 4.1 Lin kt kinh t quc t
Khi nim:
Lin kt kinh t quc t nm trong chnh
sch TMQT ca cc quc gia nhm xo b
hoc gim ti thiu hng ro TM gia cc
nc thnh vin cho hng ha ca cc
nc t do thm nhp vo th trng ca
nhau
2
NTV NTV NTV NTV Lin kt kinh t quc t Lin kt kinh t quc t Lin kt kinh t quc t Lin kt kinh t quc t 3
Cc loi hnh lin kt KTQT
Cc tho thun thng mi u i
Trade Agreement
Vng thng mi t do Free Trade
Area
Lin minh thu quan Custom Union
Th trng chung Common Market
Lin minh kinh t - Economic Union
NTV NTV NTV NTV Lin kt kinh t quc t Lin kt kinh t quc t Lin kt kinh t quc t Lin kt kinh t quc t 4
Cc cp ca hi nhp Cc cp ca hi nhp Cc cp ca hi nhp Cc cp ca hi nhp
Hp ng TM Hp ng TM Hp ng TM Hp ng TM
u i u i u i u i
Vng TM t do Vng TM t do Vng TM t do Vng TM t do
Lin minh Lin minh Lin minh Lin minh
thu quan thu quan thu quan thu quan
Th tr Th tr Th tr Th trng ng ng ng
chung chung chung chung
Lin minh Lin minh Lin minh Lin minh
kinh t kinh t kinh t kinh t
Gim thu quan Gim thu quan Gim thu quan Gim thu quan
trong nhm trong nhm trong nhm trong nhm
Loi b Loi b Loi b Loi b
thu quan thu quan thu quan thu quan
trong nhm trong nhm trong nhm trong nhm
Thu quan Thu quan Thu quan Thu quan
chung i vi chung i vi chung i vi chung i vi
ngoi nhm ngoi nhm ngoi nhm ngoi nhm
Dch chuyn Dch chuyn Dch chuyn Dch chuyn
t do L t do L t do L t do L v vn v vn v vn v vn
trong nhm trong nhm trong nhm trong nhm
Chnh sch Chnh sch Chnh sch Chnh sch
kinh t chung v kinh t chung v kinh t chung v kinh t chung v
ng tin chung ng tin chung ng tin chung ng tin chung
Hip nh TM Hip nh TM Hip nh TM Hip nh TM
Vit M Vit M Vit M Vit M
AFTA, NAFTA, EFTA, AFTA, NAFTA, EFTA, AFTA, NAFTA, EFTA, AFTA, NAFTA, EFTA,
MERCOSUR, ... MERCOSUR, ... MERCOSUR, ... MERCOSUR, ...
EEC (1957), AEC (2015) EEC (1957), AEC (2015) EEC (1957), AEC (2015) EEC (1957), AEC (2015)
EU (1992) EU (1992) EU (1992) EU (1992)
EMU (1999) EMU (1999) EMU (1999) EMU (1999)
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NTV NTV NTV NTV Lin kt kinh t quc t Lin kt kinh t quc t Lin kt kinh t quc t Lin kt kinh t quc t 5
Phn tch tc ng ca LMTQ
C th to ra hai tc ng
Tc ng to lp mu dch
Tc ng chuyn hng mu dch
M hnh phn tch
th gii thng mi c 3 quc gia
quc gia 1 v 3 xut khu X
quc gia 2 nhp khu X
Gi X ni a 3 nc nh sau:
P1 = 1; P2 = 3; P3 = 1,5
NTV NTV NTV NTV Lin kt kinh t quc t Lin kt kinh t quc t Lin kt kinh t quc t Lin kt kinh t quc t 6
Tc ng to lp mu dch
Q
P
Dx
Sx
1
2
3
q1 q2 q3 q4
P1
P1
Chi ph x hi
Q
P
Dx
Sx
1
3
q1 q4
P1
Lin minh thu quan vi
nc 1 dn n (2) nhp
khu X t (1)
4
NTV NTV NTV NTV Lin kt kinh t quc t Lin kt kinh t quc t Lin kt kinh t quc t Lin kt kinh t quc t 7
Tc ng chuyn hng mu dch
Q
P
Dx
Sx
1
2
3
q1 q2 q3 q4
P1
P1
Chi ph x hi
Q
P
Dx
Sx
1
3
q1 q4
P1
Lin minh thu quan vi
nc 3 dn n (2) nhp
khu X t (3)
P2
NTV NTV NTV NTV Lin kt kinh t quc t Lin kt kinh t quc t Lin kt kinh t quc t Lin kt kinh t quc t 8
Cc t chc quc t quan trng
Nhm Ngn hng th gii (WB)
Qu tin t quc t (IMF)
T chc thng mi th gii (WTO)
Vng thng mi t do ASEAN (AFTA)
5
4.2 Cc t chc quc t quan trng
Ngn
hng
th gii
(WB)
Qu tin
t quc
t (IMF)
H
thng t
chc
quc t
GATT
NTV NTV NTV NTV Lin kt kinh t quc t Lin kt kinh t quc t Lin kt kinh t quc t Lin kt kinh t quc t 9
T chc
TM
quc t
(ITO)
NTV NTV NTV NTV Lin kt kinh t quc t Lin kt kinh t quc t Lin kt kinh t quc t Lin kt kinh t quc t 10
WB WB WB WB C cu t chc C cu t chc C cu t chc C cu t chc
Hi ng thng c Hi ng thng c Hi ng thng c Hi ng thng c
Xc nh chnh sch chung ca ngn hng
Tip nhn thnh vin mi
Qui nh mc vn ca ngn hng
Phn phi thu nhp
B sung sa i iu l
Ban gim c iu hnh Ban gim c iu hnh Ban gim c iu hnh Ban gim c iu hnh
Xem xt cc d n
Duyt cc khon cho vay v cc iu kin cho vay
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NTV Lin kt kinh t quc
t 11
Gip cc nc thnh vin
Gip cc nc ang pht trin v vn k thut y mnh
sn xut
Cho vay trc tip vi cc chnh ph hoc cc t chc t nhn
c chnh ph m bo
Thc y vic u t quc t bng cch tham gia trc tip
Tc ng vo mu dch quc t v duy tr cn cn thanh ton
quc t
WB WB WB WB Cc Hot Cc Hot Cc Hot Cc Hot ng Chnh ng Chnh ng Chnh ng Chnh
NTV Lin kt kinh t quc
t 12
WB WB WB WB Cc T Chc Thnh Vin Cc T Chc Thnh Vin Cc T Chc Thnh Vin Cc T Chc Thnh Vin
1. Ngn hng ti thit v pht trin (IBRD) 1945
2. Hip hi pht trin quc t (IDA) 1960
3. Cng ty ti chnh quc t (IFC) 1956
4. T chc bo lnh u t a phng (MIGA) 1988
5. Trung tm gii quyt cc tranh chp quc t v u t (ICSID)
- 1966
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NTV NTV NTV NTV Lin kt kinh t quc t Lin kt kinh t quc t Lin kt kinh t quc t Lin kt kinh t quc t 13
IBRD v IDA IBRD v IDA IBRD v IDA IBRD v IDA
IBRD IBRD IBRD IBRD
i tng cho vay
Cho cc nc c thu nhp
bnh qun trung bnh
Cho chnh ph vay v cho cc
cng ty quc doanh hoc t
nhn vay nhng phi c bo
lnh ca chnh ph
Thi hn vay 20 nm, n hn
10 nm, li sut bng li sut
th trng cng thm ph 0,5%
Nm 2002, cho vay 96 d n
vi 11,5 t USD
IDA IDA IDA IDA
i tng cho vay
Cho cc nc ang pht trin
c mc thu nhp thp
Ch cho chnh ph vay
Thi hn vay 50 nm, n hn
10 nm
Cc lnh vc cho vay: gio
dc, chm sc sc khe, nc
sch, ci thin h thng v
sinh...
Nm 2002, cho vay 133 d n
vi 8,18 t USD
IBRD v IDA c cng bin ch cn b v nhn vin
NTV NTV NTV NTV Lin kt kinh t quc t Lin kt kinh t quc t Lin kt kinh t quc t Lin kt kinh t quc t 14
IFC
Cho vay ch yu h tr cho khu vc kinh t
t nhn, hoc cc DN quc doanh c t nhn
tham gia
Thi gian cho vay 12 nm
Cc nc c vay IDA hoc IBRD th cng
c vay ca IFC khon vay u tin ( e.g Cty
xi mng Sao mai)
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NTV Lin kt kinh t quc
t 15
MIGA v ICSID MIGA v ICSID MIGA v ICSID MIGA v ICSID
MIGA: MIGA: MIGA: MIGA:
Thc y u t t nhn vo cc nc ang
pht trin bng cch m bo u t v cung
cp cc dch v t vn
ICSID: ICSID: ICSID: ICSID:
c thnh lp nh mt hi ng trng ti
gii quyt cc tranh chp v u t gia
cng ty nc ngoi v nc hi vin
NTV NTV NTV NTV Lin kt kinh t quc t Lin kt kinh t quc t Lin kt kinh t quc t Lin kt kinh t quc t 16
WB v Vit nam WB v Vit nam WB v Vit nam WB v Vit nam
Thc y s pht trin kinh t VN v u
tranh xo i gim ngho
phi hp cht ch vi IMF nhm tng cng kh
nng qun l kinh t v m ca chnh ph
tng cng pht trin th ch
dn u cc nh ti tr gip chnh ph hoch nh
pht trin CSHT
gip trin khai v thc hin chin lc xo i gim
ngho
gip trin khai v thc hin chin lc s dng bn
vng ngun ti nguyn
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NTV NTV NTV NTV Lin kt kinh t quc t Lin kt kinh t quc t Lin kt kinh t quc t Lin kt kinh t quc t 17
Nhng h tr c th
Khon vay iu chnh c cu nhm h tr VN chuyn i sang c
ch th trng thng qua mt chng trnh ci t c lch trnh thc
hin r rng
H tr vic xy dng th ch cn thit cho mt nn kinh t th trng
thng qua cc cng vic phn tch v h tr k thut, c bit ch
trng vo CSHT php l v h thng ti chnh
Cho vay IDA tp trung vo CSHT, pht trin nng thn v pht trin
ngun nhn lc
Tp trung xo i gim ngho
H tr chng trnh bo v mi trng ca chnh ph thng qua
cng tc t vn, h tr k thut, d n.
WB v Vit nam WB v Vit nam WB v Vit nam WB v Vit nam
NTV NTV NTV NTV Lin kt kinh t quc t Lin kt kinh t quc t Lin kt kinh t quc t Lin kt kinh t quc t 18
IMF IMF IMF IMF Mc tiu Mc tiu Mc tiu Mc tiu
Thnh lp 27/12/1945
184 nc thnh vin
Nhm iu chnh quan h tin t gia cc nc thnh
vin v cho cc nc c thm ht cn cn thanh ton
vay ngn hn v trung hn
Vn gp ca cc thnh vin s c iu chnh hp
l theo nh k 3 nm cn c vo v tr kinh t ca
mi nc
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NTV Lin kt kinh t quc
t 19
C quan cao nht: Hi ng thng c
Hi ng qun tr gm 21 thnh vin
Ban th k: 1500 thnh vin gm cc nh k
ton, kinh t, lut gia ...
U ban lm thi cc b trng ti chnh
IMF IMF IMF IMF C cu t chc C cu t chc C cu t chc C cu t chc
NTV Lin kt kinh t quc
t 20
Tn dng thng thng
Cho vay d phng
Cho vay ngn hn
Cho vay b p tht thu xut khu
Cho vay duy tr d tr iu ho cc sn
phm c bn ca cc nc
Cho vay iu chnh c cu kinh t
Cho vay chuyn tip nn kinh t
IMF IMF IMF IMF Hot ng chnh Hot ng chnh Hot ng chnh Hot ng chnh
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NTV Lin kt kinh t quc
t 21
1976, c phn l 243 tr. USD: 25% bng
SDRs v 75% bng VND.
1976 -1981, VN vay 7 khon ca IMF vi
205,7 tr. USD
1989, VN v IMF tho thun chng trnh
iu chnh kinh t, tho thun cc bin php
hp tc, khoanh n
10/11/1993, IMF thit lp li quan h tn
dng bnh thng vi VN.
IMF v Vit nam IMF v Vit nam IMF v Vit nam IMF v Vit nam
WTO
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NTV NTV NTV NTV Lin kt kinh t quc t Lin kt kinh t quc t Lin kt kinh t quc t Lin kt kinh t quc t 23
Ni dung Ni dung Ni dung Ni dung
Khi qut v s ra i ca WTO Khi qut v s ra i ca WTO Khi qut v s ra i ca WTO Khi qut v s ra i ca WTO
Cc nguyn tc hot ng ca WTO Cc nguyn tc hot ng ca WTO Cc nguyn tc hot ng ca WTO Cc nguyn tc hot ng ca WTO
Cc hip nh th Cc hip nh th Cc hip nh th Cc hip nh thng mi c bn ca WTO ng mi c bn ca WTO ng mi c bn ca WTO ng mi c bn ca WTO
Quyn li v ngha v ca cc thnh vin Quyn li v ngha v ca cc thnh vin Quyn li v ngha v ca cc thnh vin Quyn li v ngha v ca cc thnh vin
NTV NTV NTV NTV Lin kt kinh t quc t Lin kt kinh t quc t Lin kt kinh t quc t Lin kt kinh t quc t 24
Khi qut Khi qut Khi qut Khi qut
Tr s: Geneva (Thu s)
S thnh vin: 154 (17/1/2012)
C quan quyn lc cao nht: hi ngh cc B trng thng
mi
C quan thng trc: ban th k do TG ng u
Cc u ban c trch: TM v PT, Ngn sch v ti chnh, gim st cn
cn thanh ton
Cc ban chuyn trch: mu dch hng ho, dch v s hu tr tu
Ban gii quyt cc tranh chp v ban xem xt cc chnh sch thng mi
Hot ng theo nguyn tc nht tr hoc b phiu
13
NTV NTV NTV NTV Lin kt kinh t quc t Lin kt kinh t quc t Lin kt kinh t quc t Lin kt kinh t quc t 25
C cu t chc C cu t chc C cu t chc C cu t chc
Hi ngh cc b tr Hi ngh cc b tr Hi ngh cc b tr Hi ngh cc b trng ng ng ng
Tng hi ng Tng hi ng Tng hi ng Tng hi ng
Tng gim c Tng gim c Tng gim c Tng gim c
Ban th Ban th Ban th Ban th k k k k
Hi ng TMHH Hi ng TMHH Hi ng TMHH Hi ng TMHH
Hi ng TM dch v Hi ng TM dch v Hi ng TM dch v Hi ng TM dch v
Hi ng quyn Hi ng quyn Hi ng quyn Hi ng quyn
s h s h s h s h u tr tu u tr tu u tr tu u tr tu
UB v UB v UB v UB v
bin php bin php bin php bin php
hn ch hn ch hn ch hn ch
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
thanh ton thanh ton thanh ton thanh ton
UB v UB v UB v UB v
ngn sch ngn sch ngn sch ngn sch
ti chnh & ti chnh & ti chnh & ti chnh &
qun tr qun tr qun tr qun tr
UB UB UB UB
mu dch mu dch mu dch mu dch
v v v v
pht trin pht trin pht trin pht trin
C quan C quan C quan C quan
thm xt thm xt thm xt thm xt
chnh sch chnh sch chnh sch chnh sch
TM TM TM TM
C quan C quan C quan C quan
gii quyt gii quyt gii quyt gii quyt
tranh chp tranh chp tranh chp tranh chp
NTV NTV NTV NTV Lin kt kinh t quc t Lin kt kinh t quc t Lin kt kinh t quc t Lin kt kinh t quc t 26
Chc n Chc n Chc n Chc n ng ng ng ng
T chc v iu hnh cc hip nh TM gia cc
nc thnh vin
L din n cho cc vng m phn TM
Qun l v phn x cc tranh chp TM, a ra cc
chnh sch TM
Tr gip k thut v o to cc nc ang pht
trin
Lin kt vi cc t chc quc t khc
Khi qut Khi qut Khi qut Khi qut
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Cc nguyn tc hot ng
Cng bng
Minh bch
T do ha thng mi quc t
NTV NTV NTV NTV Lin kt kinh t quc t Lin kt kinh t quc t Lin kt kinh t quc t Lin kt kinh t quc t 27
NTV NTV NTV NTV Lin kt kinh t quc t Lin kt kinh t quc t Lin kt kinh t quc t Lin kt kinh t quc t 28
Cc nguyn tc hot ng ca WTO Cc nguyn tc hot ng ca WTO Cc nguyn tc hot ng ca WTO Cc nguyn tc hot ng ca WTO
Cng bng:
Qui ch ti hu quc (MFN)
Nguyn tc i x quc gia (NT)
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NTV Lin kt kinh t quc
t 29
Qui ch ti hu quc (MFN) Qui ch ti hu quc (MFN) Qui ch ti hu quc (MFN) Qui ch ti hu quc (MFN)
L qui ch cc nc ginh cho nhau trong quan h quc t
m bo s bnh ng gia cc nc khi thm nhp vo mt
th trng xc nh
Mi nc ch c mt qui ch MFN
Tn ti lu di
Ni dung chnh:
qui nh quyn php nhn
qui nh mt hng trao i v mc thu sut
NTV NTV NTV NTV Lin kt kinh t quc t Lin kt kinh t quc t Lin kt kinh t quc t Lin kt kinh t quc t 30
Thi lan Thi lan Thi lan Thi lan
M M M M
Trung quc Trung quc Trung quc Trung quc
TL c hng qui
ch MFN ca M
TQ hng qui ch
MFN ca M
Trn th tr Trn th tr Trn th tr Trn th trng M, ng M, ng M, ng M,
quyn li quyn li quyn li quyn li
th th th thng mi ng mi ng mi ng mi
ca Trung quc ca Trung quc ca Trung quc ca Trung quc
v Thi lan l v Thi lan l v Thi lan l v Thi lan l
nh nh nh nh nhau nhau nhau nhau
Gi thch c ch MFN (Most Favoured Nations) Gi thch c ch MFN (Most Favoured Nations) Gi thch c ch MFN (Most Favoured Nations) Gi thch c ch MFN (Most Favoured Nations)
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NTV NTV NTV NTV Lin kt kinh t quc t Lin kt kinh t quc t Lin kt kinh t quc t Lin kt kinh t quc t 31
Cc nguyn tc c bn ca WTO Cc nguyn tc c bn ca WTO Cc nguyn tc c bn ca WTO Cc nguyn tc c bn ca WTO
Minh b Minh b Minh b Minh bch: ch: ch: ch:
GATT: hip nh chung v thu quan v thng mi
GATS: hip nh chung v thng mi trong lnh vc dch
v
TRIPS: hip nh v phn lin quan thng mi ca quyn
s hu tr tu
TRIMS: hip nh lin quan ti u t
T do ha thng mi quc t:
L din n cho cc vng m phn
thng mi quc t
NTV NTV NTV NTV Lin kt kinh t quc t Lin kt kinh t quc t Lin kt kinh t quc t Lin kt kinh t quc t 32
17
NTV NTV NTV NTV Lin kt kinh t quc t Lin kt kinh t quc t Lin kt kinh t quc t Lin kt kinh t quc t 33
Quyn li v ngha v ca cc thnh vin WTO Quyn li v ngha v ca cc thnh vin WTO Quyn li v ngha v ca cc thnh vin WTO Quyn li v ngha v ca cc thnh vin WTO
Quyn li Quyn li Quyn li Quyn li
c hng qui ch MFN ca cc nc thnh vin khc
Vic xm nhp th trng ca cc nc thnh vin c bo m n
nh
c gii quyt cc tranh chp TM hoc tm gii php cho cc kh khn
TM
To iu kin gip cc quc gia nh, yu
c tr gip v k thut, thng tin, o to
Ngha v Ngha v Ngha v Ngha v
Tun th cc iu khon ca cc hip nh v khng c php t do
la chn chnh sch TM
M ca th trng, ch c th bo h SX trong nc bng cc bin php
thu quan hn ch
Phi tun theo th ch iu ho cc tranh chp TM ghi trong hip
nh
Cung cp thng xuyn cc thng tin v c cu qun l kinh t quc
gia, chnh sch TM v h thng thu quan
NTV Lin kt kinh t quc
t 34
10 li ch ca h thng th 10 li ch ca h thng th 10 li ch ca h thng th 10 li ch ca h thng thng mi WTO ng mi WTO ng mi WTO ng mi WTO
Thc y ha bnh
Cc tranh chp c gii quyt c tnh xy dng
n gin ha thng mi th gii
Gim chi ph cuc sng
Nhiu c hi la chn SP v cht lng
Tng thu nhp
Thc y tng trng kinh t
Tng cng hiu qu
S tr gip cho cc chnh ph
Hot ng ca chnh ph tt hn
Ngun: http://www.wto.org
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NTV Lin kt kinh t quc
t 35
EXPORTING COUTRYS
GOVERNMENT
IMPORTING COUTRYS
GOVERNMENT
T
R
A
D
E
P
O
L
I
C
Y
T
R
A
D
E
P
O
L
I
C
Y
DOMESTIC ECONOMY POLICY DOMESTIC ECONOMY POLICY
C
L
I
E
N
T
S
Exporter
(X)
Allies
(A)
Partner
(P)
Distributor
(D)
Domestic
Competitors
(C)
Foreign
Competitors
(F)
GATT GATS TRIPS TRIMs
WTO
NTV NTV NTV NTV Lin kt kinh t quc t Lin kt kinh t quc t Lin kt kinh t quc t Lin kt kinh t quc t 36
GATT, GATS,
TRIPS, TRIMS
MFN
NT NT
P
D
J F

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