A

Project Study Report

On
Training Undertaken at

BIRLA CEMENT WORKS, CHITTORGARH, RAJ.
Titled
ORGANIZATION CLIMATE

Submitted in partia !u!iment !"r t#e
A$ard "! de%ree "!
Master of Business Administration
Submitted By: - Submitted To:-
Nikita Maliya SONAL !AIN "#O$%
MBA &a't II
"())*-())+ %
Re,io-al .olle,e o/ Edu.atio- Re0ea'.1 a-d Te.1-olo,y
Sita2u'a3 !ai2u'
1
$ECLARATION
I NI4ITA MAL5I6A Do M'7 &RA$EE& MAL5I6A declare t!at t!e project report titled
ORGANIZATION CLIMATE is "ased on my project study# T!is project report is my
original $ork and t!is !as not "een used for any purpose any$!ere#
Student %ame
NI4ITA MAL5I6A
MBA I5t1 Sem7
2
CERTI8ICATE 8ROM COLLEGE
TO 91om So Ee' It May Co-.e'-
T!is is to certify t!at MISS7 NI4ITA MAL5I6A !as prepared t!is project report title
ORGANIZATION CLIMATE "ased on t!is project study# T!is project report is !is original
$ork and it is su"mitted for t!e fulfillment of t!e MBA Degree#
&is! !im good success for !is future career#
Satis! S!arma
' Project (uide)
3
&RE8ACE
*ement industry is one of t!e core industries in India like iron and steel# It !as its primary
role in almost all de+elopment plans of t!e country# Birla cement $orks is a $ell esta"lis!
unit in t!e market of cement industries#
,RD is an important function of e+ery organi-ation# ,ence. undertook t!e project to analy-e
+arious aspect of ,RD $it! a detailed study of /organi-ation climate0 of Birla cement $ork##
NI4ITA MAL5I6A
4
ACKNOWLE&GEMENT
I e1press my sincere t!anks to my project guide. Mr# S#2# 3AI%. ,R MA%A(4R',RD) . for
guiding me rig!t form t!e inception till t!e successful completion of t!e project# I sincerely
ackno$ledge !im!ert!em for e1tending t!eir +alua"le guidance. support for literature.
critical re+ie$s of project and t!e report and a"o+e all t!e moral support !es!et!ey !ad
pro+ided to me $it! all stages of t!is project#
I $ould also like to t!ank t!e supporting staff 5MU24S, SA64%A ASST# ,R MA%A(4R.
for t!eir !elp and cooperation t!roug!out our project#
(Signature of Student)

%I2ITA MA78I9A
5
E:EC;TI5E S;MMAR6
Indias cement industry, which rode on a building boom to become the worlds second
largest cement manufacturer after China with an installed capacity of more than 200
million tones mt!, is all set to ta"e big hits# Indias cement industry has 132 large
plants and 3$5 small plants with a cumulati%e installed capacity of 204mt at the end of
&ugust#
'he main Indian manufacturers in terms of capacity are &CC (td, )ltra'ech Cement
(td, &mbu*a Cements (td, +rasim Industries (td, ,inani Cement (td, India Cements
(td and -. Cement (td# In addition, se%eral international cement manufacturers such
as /rances (afarge, 0wit1erlands 2olcim (td, Italys Italcementi and +ermanys
2eidelberg Cement#
,irla cement wor"s is a well established unit in the mar"et of cement industries# 'he
Cement 3i%ision of ,irla Corporation (imited has se%en plants, ha%ing an installed
capacity of 5#4 million tons# &fter the completion of the ongoing e5pansion pro*ects,
the capacity will increase to 6 million tons#
'his ongoing pro*ect was study of 7rgani1ational climate at ,irla Cement 8or"s9
Chittorgarh was focused on enduring :uality of the internal en%ironment that is
e5perienced by the members, which in turn influences their beha%ior#
3ata was collected with the help of a :uestionnaire# 'he :uestionnaire is of structured
non;disguised type# 'he contact method used in the sur%ey was personal inter%iew
method# 'he study helps to understand the 7rgani1ational climate at ,irla Cement
8or"s, Chittorgarh# #
$
TABLE O8 CONTENTS
D4*7ARATIO%
:
*ertificate
;
Preface
<
Ackno$ledgement
=
41ecuti+e summery
>
<
Introduction to t!e Industry
?@<;
(7
Introduction to t!e Organi-ation
<<@AB
=
Researc! Met!odology
?C@?=
;#D Title of t!e Study
;#: Duration of t!e Project
;#; O"jecti+e of Study
;#< Type of Researc!
;#= Sample Si-e and met!od of selecting
sample
;#> Scope of Study
;#A 7imitation of Study
>
Result And Einding
?>@?A
?
Analysis and Interpretation
??@DCD
@
S&OT
DC:@DC;
*
*onclusion
DC<@DC>
A
Recommendation and Suggestions
DCA@DCB
+
Fuestionnaire
DDC@DD:
<)
Bi"liograp!y
DD<@DD=
6

4
INTRODUCTION
TO CEMENT
INDUSTRY
IN$;STR6 &RO8ILE
<7< INTRO$;CTION
$e/i-itio- o/ .eme-t:
*ement is "inding material# *ement is one of t!e c!eapest readily a+aila"le. strong and
long life materials# T!e $eat!ering effect on cement is +ery lo$# Eor t!e manufacturing of
cement "asis ra$ material is lime stone# T!e purest form of limestone is mar"le#
Ma-u/a.tu'i-, 2'o.e00:
,eating mi1ture of limestone G clay at D;=C@D<CC degree temperature $!ic! produces t!e
modules of clinker due to fusion occurred "y t!e !eating# T!is clinker is t!en mi1ed $it!
gypsum G finely ground to make cement#
<7 Mi-i-, B t!e mining of lime stone is done in suc! $ay so as to get A?Hto ?:Hpure
limestone#
(7C'u01i-,- t!e limestone is t!en crus!ed to D>to :=mm si-e #t!is is done at mines it self
and t!eir crus!ed limestone is send to factory t!roug! t!e con+eyer "elt#
=7 G'i-di-,- T!e limestone is t!en grinded $it! literate so as to e1tend it setting# After t!is
mi1ture is send to silos#
>7 Ble-di-,- In t!e silos "lending is done so as to maintain t!e uniform mi1ture from t!e
silos t!e mi1ture is sending to pre@ !eater#
?7 Bu'-i-,- T!e mi1ture is pre@!eated t!en it goes to $!ere "urning take place# In
calcinations "urning -one of kiln pul+eri-ed coal is used as fuel in t!e process#
@7 G'i-di-,- T!e grinding of clinker $it! gypsum is done in cement mill#
<
*7 &a.ki-,- cement is send to packing plant# &!ere it is packed in t!e "ags using t!e
electronic packing mac!ine#
<7( &RO$;CTION &ROCESS O8 CEMENT :
10
PACKAGING
<7= C;RRENT SCENARIO O8 IN$IAN CEMENT IN$;STR6
*ement industry is a core sector and forms t!e "ack "one of infrastructure de+elopment of
t!e country# *ement manufacturing "egan in India in DBDD#t!e first plant !ad capacity of
:CC tones per day# T!e industry $as uncontrolled in DB?B# t!e in+estment cost per ton of
installed capacity in :CC: for a cement plant is <=CC per ton As compared to >=C per ton in
late AC Is India is one of t!e "est Juality cement manufacture of t!e $orld #it stand in t!e
top fi+e producing nations of t!e $orld#
India is t!e $orldKs second largest producer of cement after *!ina $it! industry capacity of
o+er :CC million tones 'MT)# &it! t!e "oost gi+en "y t!e go+ernment to +arious
infrastructure projects. road net$ork and !ousing facilities. gro$t! in t!e cement
consumption is anticipated in t!e coming years#
T!e Indian cement industry comprises of nearly D;: large plants and anot!er ;>= small
plants# &!ile t!e *ement *orporation of India. a central pu"lic sector undertaking.
comprises DC unitsL t!e +arious State go+ernments o$n DC large cement plants# Among t!e
leading domestic players in terms of cement manufacturing areM Am"uja *ement. Aditya
Birla (roup '$!ic! o$ns UltraTec! *ement). A** 7td#. Binani *ement. India *ements and
3 2 *ement# T!ey are not only t!e foremost producers of cement "ut also enjoy a !ig! le+el
of eJuity in t!e market#
T!e cement industry in India !as added a $!opping <> MT capacity in just a little o+er t!ree
years. taking t!e total installed capacity to :C<#:B MT as on August ;D. :CC?# T!is includes
India *ements 7tdKs ne$ grinding unit at 8allur. Tamil %adu $it! an installed capacity of
D#DC MT#
T!e industry added o+er ;C MT to its installed capacity in just one year during pre+ious
fiscal 'April :CCANMarc! :CC?)#
Almost all players of t!e industry. small to medium to large. !a+e added capacity ranging
"et$een a minimum of :CC.CCC tones and a ma1imum of ; MT in t!e last t!ree years 'April
:CC= to Marc! :CC?). effecting a total addition of <= MT to t!e installed capacity "y setting
up (reenfield projects. and e1panding and upgrading t!e e1isting plants#
11
Simultaneously. $it! almost total capacity utili-ation le+els in t!e industry. cement
dispatc!es continued to maintain a DC per cent gro$t! rate# Total dispatc!es gre$ to DAC
MT during :CCANC?. as against D== MT in :CC>NCA# Region@$ise. $estern region gre$
fastest $it! a gro$t! rate of D= per cent. follo$ed "y nort!ern region 'D: per cent) and
sout!ern region 'DC per cent)#
8utu'e Outlook
*onsidering an e1pected production and consumption gro$t! of B to DC per cent. t!e
demand@supply position of t!e cement industry is e1pected to impro+e from :CC?@CB
on$ards. resulting in an e1pected price sta"ili-ation# T!e cement industry is poised to add
DDD million tones of annual capacity "y t!e end of :CCB@DC 'E9 DC). riding on t!e "ack of an
estimated D<D outstanding cement projects#
MaCo' &laye'0
T!e major players in t!e cement sector areM
Ultratec! *ement
*entury *ements
Madras *ements
A**
(ujarat Am"uja *ement 7imited
(rasim Industries
India *ements 7imited
3aiprakas! Associates and
32 *ements#
,olcim
7afarge
,eidel"erg *eme1
Italcementi
12
Stati0ti.0
Ceme-t
'million tonnes)
:CC>@CA :CCA@:CC?
'Apr@Mar)
'a) Production D==#>> D>?#;D
'")
Despatc!es
'Including 41port)
D==#:> D>A#>A
'c) 41port ;#>= =#?B
'd) *ap# Uti#'H) B> B<
Sou'.e: Ceme-t Ma-u/a.tu'e'0D A00o.iatio-
<7> Re,io- Ei0e Ca2a.ity
T!e Indian cement industry !as to "e +ie$ed in terms of fi+e regionsM@
No't1 'Punja". Del!i. ,aryana. ,imac!al Prades!. Rajast!an. *!andigar!. 3G2 and
Uttranc!al)L
9e0t 'Ma!aras!tra and (ujarat)L
Sout1 'Tamil %adu. And!ra Prades!. 2arnataka. 2erala. Pondic!erry. Andaman G %ico"ar
and (oa)L
Ea0t 'Bi!ar. Orissa. &est Bengal. Assam. Meg!alaya. 3!ark!and and *!!attisgar!)L and
Ce-t'al 'Uttar Prades! and Mad!ya Prades!)#
No't1e'- Re,io-
13
'&,(= 1#1
Punja" :DA;#;<
Del!i =CC#CC
,aryana DA:#CC
,imac!al Prades! <C>C#CC
Rajast!an D>:BB#;<
3G2 :CC#CC
TOTAL (=>)>7@A
9e0t
Ma!aras!tra ?B=C#CC
(ujarat D:B;A#CC
TOTAL (<AA*7))
Sout1
Tamil %adu D:BD;#D?
Andra Prades! DB?;D#C:
2arnataka BA<<#CC
2erala <:C#CC
TOTAL >(+)A7()
Ea0t
Bi!ar DCCC#CC
Orissa :A>D#CC
&est Bengal ::BD#>>
Assam Meg!alaya <CC#CC
3!ark!and ;<A=#CD
*!attisgar! DD:?A#;;
TOTAL (<(<?7))
Ce-t'al
U#P# >:BA#CC
M#P# D>D?=#CC
TOTAL ()>A(7))
< 7? &e' Ca2ita Ceme-t Co-0um2tio-
Per capita cement consumption in India is ?: kgs against a glo"al a+erage of :== kgs and
Asian a+erage of :CC kgs#
14
'&,(= 1#2
East rising (o+ernment 41penditure on Infrastructure sector in India !as resulted a !ig!er
demand of cement in t!e country# In t!e same direction. participation of larger companies in
t!e sector !as increased#
Eor raising efficiency in t!e sector. t!e Planning *ommission of India in t!e DCt! plan !as
formed a O&orking (roup on *ement IndustryO#
T!ere is a total num"er of D:= large cement plants and more t!an ;CC small cement plants
operating in India presently#
15
!ob0 i- Ceme-t I-du0t'y
L F T Ceme-t &la-t0
ACC Ltd7 Ceme-t &la-t0
CCI Ceme-t &la-t0
EG2o't o/ I-dia- Ceme-t
Ty2e0 o/ Ceme-t i- I-dia
GuCa'at AmbuCa &la-t0 i- I-dia
To2 <) Com2a-ie0
Ma-,alam Ceme-t
! 4 Lak01mi Ceme-t
! 4 Ceme-t
Mad'a0 Ceme-t
I-dia Ceme-t
Sa-,1i I-du0t'ie0
$almia Ceme-t
IT$ Ceme-tatio- I-dia
$almia Ceme-t B1a'at
GuCa'at AmbuCa Ceme-t0
1$
CEMENT IN$;STR6
I-t'odu.tio-
*ement is a key infrastructure industry# It !as "een decontrolled from price and
distri"ution on D
st
Marc!. DB?B and delicensed on :=
t!
3uly. DBBD# ,o$e+er. t!e
performance of t!e industry and prices of cement are monitored regularly# T!e constraints
faced "y t!e industry are re+ie$ed in t!e Infrastructure *oordination *ommittee meetings
!eld in t!e *a"inet Secretariat under t!e *!airmans!ip of Secretary '*oordination)# Its
performance is also re+ie$ed "y t!e *a"inet *ommittee on Infrastructure#
Ca2a.ity a-d &'odu.tio-
T!e cement industry comprises of D:= large cement plants $it! an installed capacity of
D<?#:? million tonnes and more t!an ;CC mini cement plants $it! an estimated capacity
of DD#DC million tonnes per annum# T!e *ement *orporation of India. $!ic! is a
*entral Pu"lic Sector Undertaking. !as DC units# T!ere are DC large cement plants
o$ned "y +arious State (o+ernments# T!e total installed capacity in t!e country as a
$!ole is D=B#;? million tonnes# Actual cement production in :CC:@C; $as DD>#;=
million tonnes as against a production of DC>#BC million tonnes in :CCD@C:. registering a
gro$t! rate of ?#?<H#
2eeping in +ie$ t!e trend of gro$t! of t!e industry in pre+ious years. a production target
of D:> million tonnes !as "een fi1ed for t!e year :CC;@C<# During t!e period April@3une
:CC;. a production 'pro+isional) $as ;D#;C million tonnes# T!e industry !as ac!ie+ed a
gro$t! rate of <#?> per cent during t!is period#
EG2o't0
Apart from meeting t!e entire domestic demand. t!e industry is also e1porting cement
and clinker# T!e e1port of cement during :CCD@C: and :CC;@C< $as =#D< million
tonnes and >#B: million tonnes respecti+ely# 41port during April@May. :CC; $as D#;=
million tonnes# Major e1porters $ere (ujarat Am"uja *ements 7td# and 7GT 7td#
16
Re.omme-datio-0 o- Ceme-t I-du0t'y
Eor t!e de+elopment of t!e cement industry I&orking (roup on *ement IndustryK
$as constituted "y t!e Planning *ommission for t!e formulation of 6 Ei+e 9ear Plan#
T!e &orking (roup !as projected a gro$t! rate of DCH for t!e cement industry during
t!e plan period and !as projected creation of additional capacity of <C@>: million tonnes
mainly t!roug! e1pansion of e1isting plants# T!e &orking (roup !as identified
follo$ing t!rust areas for impro+ing demand for cementL
'i) Eurt!er pus! to !ousing de+elopment programmesL
'ii) Promotion of concrete ,ig!$ays and roadsL and
'iii) Use of ready@mi1 concrete in large infrastructure projects#
Eurt!er. in order to impro+e glo"al competiti+eness of t!e Indian *ement Industry. t!e
Department of Industrial Policy G Promotion commissioned a study on t!e glo"al
competiti+eness of t!e Indian Industry t!roug! an organi-ation of international repute.
+i-# 2PM( *onsultancy P+t# 7td# T!e report su"mitted "y t!e organi-ation !as made
se+eral recommendations for making t!e Indian *ement Industry more competiti+e in
t!e international market# T!e recommendations are under consideration#
Te.1-olo,i.al .1a-,e
*ement industry !as made tremendous strides in tec!nological upgradation and
assimilation of latest tec!nology# At present ninety t!ree per cent of t!e total capacity in
t!e industry is "ased on modern and en+ironment@friendly dry process tec!nology and
only se+en per cent of t!e capacity is "ased on old $et and semi@dry process
tec!nology# T!ere is tremendous scope for $aste !eat reco+ery in cement plants and
t!ere"y reduction in emission le+el# One project for co@generation of po$er utili-ing
$aste !eat in an Indian cement plant is "eing implemented $it! 3apanese assistance
14
under (reen Aid Plan# T!e induction of ad+anced tec!nology !as !elped t!e industry
immensely to conser+e energy and fuel and to sa+e materials su"stantially# India is
also producing different +arieties of cement like Ordinary Portland *ement 'OP*).
Portland Po--olana *ement 'PP*). Portland Blast Eurnace Slag *ement 'PBES). Oil
&ell *ement. Rapid ,ardening Portland *ement. Sulp!ate Resisting Portland *ement.
&!ite *ement etc# Production of t!ese +arieties of cement conform to t!e BIS
Specifications# It is $ort! mentioning t!at some cement plants !a+e set up dedicated
jetties for promoting "ulk transportation and e1port#
1<
Total 2'odu.tio-
T!e cement industry comprises of D:= large
cement plants $it! an installed capacity of
D<?#:? million tonnes and more t!an ;CC
mini cement plants $it! an estimated
capacity of DD#DC million tonnes per annum#
T!e *ement *orporation of India. $!ic! is a
*entral Pu"lic Sector Undertaking. !as DC
units# T!ere are DC large cement plants
o$ned "y +arious State (o+ernments# T!e
total installed capacity in t!e country as a
$!ole is D=B#;? million tonnes# Actual
cement production in :CC:@C; $as DD>#;=
million tonnes as against a production of
DC>#BC million tonnes in :CCD@C:. registering
a gro$t! rate of ?#?<H# MaCo' 2laye'0 i-
.eme-t 2'odu.tio- a'e AmbuCa .eme-t3
Aditya Ceme-t3 ! 4 Ceme-t a-d L F T
.eme-t7
Apart from meeting t!e entire domestic
demand. t!e industry is also e1porting
cement and clinker# T!e e1port of cement
during :CCD@C: and :CC;@C< $as =#D<
million tonnes and >#B: million tonnes
respecti+ely# 41port during April@May. :CC;
$as D#;= million tonnes# Major e1porters
$ere (ujarat Am"uja *ements 7td# and 7GT
7td#
T1e &la--i-, Commi00io- /o' t1e
/o'mulatio- o/ : 8ie 6ea' &la-
.o-0tituted a H9o'ki-, G'ou2 o- Ceme-t
I-du0t'yH /o' t1e deelo2me-t o/ .eme-t
i-du0t'y7 T1e 9o'ki-, G'ou2 1a0
ide-ti/ied /olloEi-, t1'u0t a'ea0 /o'
im2'oi-, dema-d /o' .eme-tI
i# Eurt!er pus! to !ousing de+elopment
programmesL
ii# Promotion of concrete ,ig!$ays and
roadsL and
iii# Use of ready@mi1 concrete in large
infrastructure projects#
Eurt!er. in order to impro+e glo"al
competiti+eness of t!e Indian *ement
Industry. t!e Department of Industrial Policy
2PM( *onsultancy P+t# 7td# T!e report
su"mitted "y t!e organi-ation !as made
se+eral recommendations for making t!e
Indian *ement Industry more competiti+e in
t!e international market# T!e
recommendations are under consideration#
Ceme-t i-du0t'y 1a0 bee- de.o-t'olled
/'om 2'i.e a-d di0t'ibutio- on Dst Marc!
DB?B and de@licensed on :=t! 3uly DBBD#
,o$e+er. t!e performance of t!e industry
and prices of cement are monitored
regularly# Being a key infrastructure
industry. t!e constraints faced "y t!e
industry are re+ie$ed in t!e Infrastructure
*oordination *ommittee meetings !eld in
t!e *a"inet Secretariat under t!e
*!airmans!ip of Secretary '*oordination)#
T!e *ommittee on Infrastructure also
re+ie$s its performance#
Te.1-olo,i.al .1a-,e
*ontinuous tec!nological upgrading and
assimilation of latest tec!nology !as "een
going on in t!e cement industry# Presently
B; per cent of t!e total capacity in t!e
industry is "ased on modern and
en+ironment@friendly dry process tec!nology
and only A per cent of t!e capacity is "ased
on old $et and semi@dry process
tec!nology# T!ere is tremendous scope for
$aste !eat reco+ery in cement plants and
t!ere"y reduction in emission le+el# One
project for co@generation of po$er utili-ing
$aste !eat in an Indian cement plant is
"eing implemented $it! 3apanese
assistance under (reen Aid Plan# T!e
induction of ad+anced tec!nology !as
!elped t!e industry immensely to conser+e
energy and fuel and to sa+e materials
su"stantially#
India is also producing different +arieties of
cement like Ordinary Portland *ement
'OP*). Portland Po--olana *ement 'PP*).
Portland Blast Eurnace Slag *ement
'PBES). Oil &ell *ement. Rapid ,ardening
Portland *ement. Sulp!ate Resisting
Portland *ement. &!ite *ement etc#
20
G Promotion commissioned a study on t!e
glo"al competiti+eness of t!e Indian Industry
t!roug! an organi-ation of international
repute. +i-#
Production of t!ese +arieties of cement
conform to t!e BIS Specifications# Also.
some cement plants !a+e set up dedicated
jetties for promoting "ulk transportation and
e1port#
21
Ceme-t I-du0t'y


*ement is one of t!e key infrastructure industries# Price and distri"ution controls $ere lifted
on Dst Marc! DB?B and licensing $as dispensed $it! since :=t! 3uly DBBD# ,o$e+er. t!e
performance of t!e industry and prices of cement are monitored on a regular "asis# T!e
industry is su"ject to Juality control order issued on DA#:#:CC; to ensure Juality standards#


Ca2a.ity3 &'odu.tio- a-d EG2o't0


T!e cement industry comprises D:? large cement plants $it! an installed capacity of
D=D#>B million tonnes and more t!an ;CC mini cement plants $it! an estimated capacity of
DD#DC million tonnes per annum resulting in total installed capacity of D>; million tonnes#
Actual cement production in :CC;@C< $as D:;#=C million tonnes as against a production of
DD>#;= million tonnes in :CC:@C;. $!ic! is an increase of >#D=H o+er :CC:@C;# *ement
production during t!e year :CC<@C= 'April@3anuary. :CC<@C=) $as DC?#C> million tonnes
'pro+isional). registering a gro$t! of A#DCH#


T!e *ement *orporation of India. $!ic! is a central pu"lic sector undertaking. !as DC units#
Besides. t!ere are DC large cement plants o$ned "y +arious state go+ernments# 2eeping
in +ie$ t!e past trends. a production target of D;; million tonnes !as "een set for t!e year
:CC<@C=# During t!e Tent! Plan. t!e industry is e1pected to gro$ at t!e rate of DCH per
annum and is e1pected to add capacity of <C@=: million tonnes. mainly t!roug! e1pansion
of e1isting plants and use of more flyas! in t!e production of cement# Apart from meeting
t!e domestic demand. t!e cement industry also contri"utes to$ards e1ports# T!e e1port of
cement and clinker during t!e last t!ree years is as underM @

Table - *7<
EG2o't o/ Ceme-t
'in million tonnes)
9ear *ement *linker Total
:CCD@C: ;#;? D#A> =#D<
:CC:@C; ;#<A ;#<= >#B:
:CC;@C< ;#;> =#>< B#CC
:CC<@C=
'Apr@3an)

;#;D <#?: ?#D;



22


Oe'ieE o/ t1e 2e'/o'ma-.e o/ t1e Ceme-t Se.to'


T!e Indian cement Industry not only ranks second in t!e production of cement in t!e $orld
"ut also produces Juality cement. $!ic! meets glo"al standards# ,o$e+er. t!e industry
faces a num"er of constraints in terms of !ig! cost of po$er. !ig! rail$ay tariffL !ig!
incidence of state and central le+ies and dutiesL lack of pri+ate and pu"lic in+estment in
infrastructure projectsL poor Juality coal and inadeJuate gro$t! of related infrastructure like
sea and rail transport. ports and "ulk terminals# In order to utili-e e1cess capacity a+aila"le
$it! t!e cement industry. t!e go+ernment !as identified t!e follo$ing t!rust areas for
increasing demand for cementM

'i) ,ousing de+elopment programmesL
'ii) Promotion of concrete !ig!$ays and roadsL
'iii) Use of ready@mi1 concrete in large infrastructure projectsL and
'i+) *onstruction of concrete roads in rural areas under Prime Ministers (ram Sadak
9ojana#


Te.1-olo,i.al ada-.eme-t0


Indian cement industry is modern and uses latest tec!nology# Only a small segment of
industry is using old tec!nology "ased on $et and semi@dry process# 4fforts are "eing
made to reco+er $aste !eat and success in t!is area !as "een significant#

India is also producing different +arieties of cement like Ordinary Portland *ement 'OP*).
Portland Po--olana *ement 'PP*). Portland Blast Eurnace Slag *ement 'PBES). Oil &ell
*ement. Rapid ,ardening Portland *ement. Sulp!ate Resisting Portland *ement. &!ite
*ement. etc# Production of t!ese +arieties of cement conforms to t!e BIS Specifications# It
is $ort! mentioning t!at some cement plants !a+e set up dedicated jetties for promoting
"ulk transportation and e1port#

23
*4M4%T I%DUSTRI4S
A# PRO*4SS D4S*RIPTIO%
*ement industries typically produce portland cement. alt!oug! t!ey also produce masonry
cement '$!ic! is also manufactured at portland cement plants)# Portland cement is a fine.
typically gray po$der comprised of dicalcium silicate. tricalcium silicate. tricalcium
aluminate.
and tetracalcium aluminoferrite. $it! t!e addition of forms of calcium sulfate# Different types
of
portland cements are created "ased on t!e use and c!emical and p!ysical properties
desired#
Portland cement types I @ 8 are t!e most common# Portland cement plants can operate
continuously
for long time periods 'i#e#. > mont!s) $it! minimal s!ut do$n time for maintenance#
T!e air pollution pro"lems related to t!e production. !andling. and transportation of portland
cement are caused "y t!e +ery fine particles in t!e product#
41!i"it D illustrates t!e stages of cement production at a portland cement plantM
D# Procurement of ra$ materials
:# Ra$ Milling @ preparation of ra$ materials for t!e pyroprocessing system
;# Pyroprocessing @ pyroprocessing ra$ materials to form portland cement clinker
<# *ooling of portland cement clinker
=# Storage of portland cement clinker
># Einis! Milling
A# Packing and loading
D# Ra$ Material AcJuisition
Most of t!e ra$ materials used are e1tracted from t!e eart! t!roug! mining and Juarrying
and
can "e di+ided into t!e follo$ing groupsM lime 'calcareous). silica 'siliceous). alumina
'argillaceous).
and iron 'ferriferous)# Since a form of calcium car"onate. usually limestone. is t!e
predominant ra$ material. most plants are situated near a limestone Juarry or recei+e t!is
material from a source +ia ine1pensi+e transportation# T!e plant must minimi-e t!e
transportation
24
cost since one t!ird of t!e limestone is con+erted to *O: during t!e pyroprocessing and is
su"seJuently lost# Fuarry operations consist of drilling. "lasting. e1ca+ating. !andling.
loading.
!auling. crus!ing. screening. stockpiling. and storing#
:# Ra$ Milling
Ra$ milling in+ol+es mi1ing t!e e1tracted ra$ materials to o"tain t!e correct c!emical
configuration.
and grinding t!em to ac!ie+e t!e proper particle@si-e to ensure optimal fuel efficiency in
t!e cement kiln and strengt! in t!e final concrete product# T!ree types of processes may "e
usedM t!e dry process. t!e $et process. or t!e semidry process# If t!e dry process is used.
t!e ra$ materials are dried using impact dryers. drum dryers. paddle@eJuipped
41!i"it D
rapid dryers. air separators. or autogenous mills. "efore grinding. or in t!e grinding process
itself# In t!e $et process. $ater is added during grinding# In t!e semidry process t!e
materials
are formed into pellets $it! t!e addition of $ater in a pelleti-ing de+ice#
;# Pyroprocessing
In pyroprocessing. t!e ra$ mi1 is !eated to produce portland cement clinkers# *linkers are
!ard. gray. sp!erical nodules $it! diameters ranging from C#;: @ =#C cm 'D? @ :P) created
from
t!e c!emical reactions "et$een t!e ra$ materials# T!e pyroprocessing system in+ol+es
t!ree
stepsM drying or pre!eating. calcining 'a !eating process in $!ic! calcium o1ide is formed).
and
"urning 'sintering)# T!e pyroprocessing takes place in t!e "urningkiln department# T!e ra$
mi1 is supplied to t!e system as a slurry '$et process). a po$der 'dry process). or as moist
pellets 'semidry process)# All systems use a rotary kiln and contain t!e "urning stage and
all
or part of t!e calcining stage# Eor t!e $et and dry processes. all pyroprocessing operations
take place in t!e rotary kiln. $!ile drying and pre!eating and some of t!e calcination are
performed
outside t!e kiln on mo+ing grates supplied $it! !ot kiln gases#
<# *linker *ooling
T!e clinker cooling operation reco+ers up to ;CH of kiln system !eat. preser+es t!e ideal
product Jualities. and ena"les t!e cooled clinker to "e maneu+ered "y con+eyors# T!e most
25
common types of clinker coolers are reciprocating grate. planetary. and rotary# Air sent
t!roug!
t!e clinker to cool it is directed to t!e rotary kiln $!ere it nouris!es fuel com"ustion# T!e
fairly
coarse dust collected from clinker coolers is comprised of cement minerals and is restored
to
t!e operation# Based on t!e cooling efficiency and desired cooled temperature. t!e amount
of
air used in t!is cooling process is appro1imately D@: kgkg of clinker# T!e amount of gas to
"e
cleaned follo$ing t!e cooling process is decreased $!en a portion of t!e gas is used for
ot!er
processes suc! as coal drying#
=# *linker Storage
Alt!oug! clinker storage capacity is "ased on t!e state of t!e market. a plant can normally
store
= @ :=H of its annual clinker production capacity# 4Juipment suc! as con+eyors and "ucket
ele+ators is used to transfer t!e clinkers from coolers to storage areas and to t!e finis! mill#
(ra+ity drops and transfer points typically are +ented to dust collectors#
># Einis! Milling
During t!e final stage of portland cement production kno$n as finis! milling. t!e clinker is
ground $it! ot!er materials '$!ic! impart special c!aracteristics to t!e finis!ed product)
into a
fine po$der# Up to =H gypsum andor natural an!ydrite is added to regulate t!e setting time
of
t!e cement# Ot!er c!emicals. suc! as t!ose $!ic! regulate flo$a"ility or air entrainment.
may
also "e added# Many plants use a roll crus!er to ac!ie+e a preliminary si-e reduction of t!e
clinker and gypsum# T!ese materials are t!en sent t!roug! "all or tu"e mills 'rotating.
!ori-ontal
steel cylinders containing steel alloy "alls) $!ic! perform t!e remaining grinding# T!e
grinding process occurs in a closed system $it! an air separator t!at di+ides t!e cement
particles according to si-e# Material t!at !as not "een completely ground is sent t!roug! t!e
system again#
A# Packing and 7oading
2$
Once t!e production of portland cement is complete. t!e finis!ed product is transferred
using
"ucket ele+ators and con+eyors to large. storage silos in t!e s!ipping department# Most of
t!e
portland cement is transported in "ulk "y rail$ay. truck. or "arge. or in <; kg 'B< pound)
multi$alled paper "ags# Bags are used primarily to package masonry cement# Once t!e
cement lea+es t!e plant. distri"ution terminals are sometimes used as an intermediary
!olding
location prior to customer distri"ution# T!e same types of con+eyor systems used at t!e
plant
are used to load cement at distri"ution terminals#
B# SOUR*4S OE PO77UTIO%
Alt!oug! portland cement plants generate t!e same final product using similar processes.
plant layouts +ary according to fuels and ra$ materials used. location. climate. site
topograp!y.
and t!e manufacturer of t!e eJuipment# T!e flo$ diagram in 41!i"it D depicts t!e
manufacturing
process at a portland cement plant and indicates emission points t!roug!out t!e process#
*# PO77UTA%TS A%D T,4IR *O%TRO7
T!is section "riefly discusses t!e nature of t!e pollutants generated from. and controls used
at.
se+eral sources in t!e cement manufacturing process# Air pollutants are typically of greater
concern t!an solid or liJuid $astes#
D# Air Pollutants
Air pollutants generated during t!e cement manufacturing process consist primarily of
particulates
from t!e ra$ and finis!ed materials. and fuel com"ustion "y@products# 41!i"it : indicates
sources of air pollution. and differentiates "et$een particulates and ot!er air pollutants#
*ontrolling particulate emissions from sources ot!er t!an t!e kiln usually entails capturing
t!e
dust using a !ood or ot!er partial enclosure and transporting it t!roug! a series of ducts to
t!e
collectors# T!e type of dust collector used is "ased on factors suc! as particle si-e. dust
loading. flo$ rate. moisture content. and gas temperature# T!e "est disposal met!od for
collected
26
dust is to send it t!roug! t!e kiln creating t!e clinker# ,o$e+er. if t!e alkali content
Exhibit 2: Air Pollution and Control at Cement Production Facilities
4mission Point Pollutants 4mission Rate
'gracfD) *ontrol De+ice Percent
4fficiency
Fuarries Particulates =@<C Ea"ric EilterM
# Pulse 3et
# Re+erse AirS!aker BB#>
Ra$ Mill
Systems Particulates =@:C Ea"ric EilterM
# Pulse 3et
# Re+erse AirS!aker
# *artridge BB#>
2iln System Particulates <@D? Dust *ollectorsM
# Re+erse Air
# Precipitator BB#=
*linker *oolers Particulates =@DC Ea"ric EiltersM
# Pulsed PlenumPulse 3et
# Re+erse Air
# Precipitator BB#>
Einis! Mill
Systems Particulates
=@:C Ea"ric EilterM
# Re+erse AirS!aker BB#>
Einis! Mill
Systems Particulates =@DCC Ea"ric EiltersM
# Pulse 3et
# Pulsed Plenum BB#>
Eor use $it!
,ig!@
4fficiency
Separators Particulates D=C@;CC Ea"ric EiltersM
# Pulse 3et
# Pulsed Plenum BB#B
Packing and
24
7oading
Departments Particulates =@<C Ea"ric EiltersM
# Pulse 3et
# Re+erseAir S!aker
# *artridge BB#>
D gracf Q grainsactual cu"ic foot
of t!e ra$ materials is too !ig!. t!e dust must "e discarded. or must "e pretreated "efore
introduction into t!e kiln# T!e !ig!est allo$a"le alkali content is C#> percent 'as sodium
o1ide)#
41!i"it ; summari-es t!e general applica"ility of a num"er of collection systems for use "y
t!e
cement industry#
41!i"it ;M Applica"ility of 4mission *ontrol Met!ods
Operation Mec!anical
*ollector &et
Scru""er Ea"ric
*ollector 4lectrostatic (ra+el Bed
Eilter
Primary
grinding Unsatisfactory
efficiency %ot
applica"le Successful %ot
applica"le %one in use
Air
separators %ot
applica"le %ot
applica"le Successful A fe$
installations Fuestiona"le
application
Mills %ot
applica"le %ot
applica"le Successful A fe$
installations Fuestiona"le
application
Storage
2<
silos %ot
applica"le %ot
applica"le Successful %ot
applica"le Impractical
Eeeders
and "elt
con+eyors %ot
applica"le %ot
applica"le Successful %ot
applica"le Impractical
Packing and
loading %ot
applica"le %ot
applica"le Successful %ot
applica"le Impractical
*oal
dryer Preliminary
cleaning only Practica"le Successful %ot
common Practica"le
2iln
gases Preliminary
cleaning only Impractical D: 1 ;C (lass
Successful Successful Practica"le
*linker
cooler Preliminary
cleaning only %ot
applica"le Successful %ot
common Successful
Additional air pollutants emitted include suc! materials as sulfur o1ides and nitrogen o1ides
generated from t!e kiln and drying processes# Sulfur dio1ide is generated from t!e sulfur
compounds in t!e ores and t!e com"usted fuel and +aries in amount produced from plant
to
plant# T!e efficiency of particulate control de+ices is inconclusi+e as t!e result of +aria"les
suc! as feed sulfur content. temperature. moisture. and feed c!emical composition. in
addition
30
to alkali and sulfur content of t!e ra$ materials and fuel# T!e com"ustion of fuel in rotary
cement kilns generates nitrogen o1ides from t!e nitrogen in t!e fuel and incoming
com"ustion
air# T!e amount emitted depends on se+eral factors including fuel type. nitrogen content.
and
com"ustion temperature# Bot! sulfur dio1ide and some of t!e nitrogen o1ide react $it! t!e
alkaline cement and are remo+ed from t!e gas stream#
a# Ra$ Material AcJuisition
During ra$ material acJuisition t!e primary air pollutant emitted is particulate matter#
Particulate
matter is also emitted from t!e !andling. loading. unloading. and transport of ra$ materials.
suc! as coal. purc!ased from anot!er source# In certain areas. e1!aust from porta"le
eJuipment
may also "e a consideration#
T!e follo$ing met!ods are used to control particulate emissions generated from t!e Juarry
and
!andling of purc!ased ra$ materialsM
# fa"ric filters 'pulse@jet or re+erse@airs!aker)
# eJuipment enclosures
# $ater sprays '$it! and $it!out surfactants)
# enclosures
# silos '$it! and $it!out e1!aust +enting to
# $ind screens fa"ric filters)
# foams
# mec!anical collectors
# "ins
# c!emical dust suppressants
# pa+ing
# material storage "uildings
Dust t!at is collected "y t!ese means is restored to t!e process# Eor Juarry operations.
ne$er
plants typically use t!e pulse@jet fa"ric filters $!ile older plants employ t!e re+erse@air or
s!aker@type fa"ric filters#
"# Ra$ Milling
31
Eugiti+e dust is emitted from ra$ material feeders. stackers. "lenders. reclaimers. con+eyor
"elt
transfer points. and "ucket ele+ators used for transferring materials to t!e mill department
from
storage# Particulate emissions from t!e dry ra$ mills and su"seJuent eJuipment occur
during
temporary failure or from improperly designed or maintained seals# T!e follo$ing de+ices
are
used to collect particulate matter in t!e ra$ mill and ra$ mi1 storage areasM
# mec!anical cyclones 'usually used in series $it! anot!er control)
# fa"ric filters 'pulse jet or re+erse airs!aker)
# electrostatic precipitators 'rarely used)
%e$er plants typically use t!e pulse@jet fa"ric filters $!ile older plants employ t!e re+erse@
air or
s!aker type fa"ric filters#
c# Pyroprocessing
T!e main pyroprocessing system emissions are nitrogen. car"on dio1ide. $ater. o1ygen.
nitrogen
o1ides. sulfur o1ides. car"on mono1ide. and !ydrocar"ons# *ement kiln dust '*2D) is
also produced#
T!e cement kiln itself !as "een designated as "est a+aila"le control tec!nology 'BA*T) for
t!e
control of SO:# T!e !ig!ly alkaline conditions of t!e kiln system ena"le it to capture up to
B=H
of t!e possi"le SO: emissions# ,o$e+er. if sulfide sulfur 'pyrites) is present in t!e kiln feed.
t!is a"sorption rate can decline to as lo$ as =CH# T!erefore. sulfur emissions can "e
decreased
t!roug! careful selection of ra$ materials#
%o de+ice to control cement kiln %O1 emissions !as "een de+eloped. "ut t!ere are se+eral
prospectsM
# sta"le kiln operation 'reduces long term %O1 emissions)L
# "urner configurations for t!e rotary kiln 'efficiency +aries)L
# staged com"ustion for precalciner kilnsL
# recirculation of t!e flue gas 'o1ygen deficient air in t!e rotary kiln)L and
# alternati+elo$@nitrogen fuels#
32
*ement kiln dust '*2D) is t!e po$der retrie+ed from t!e e1iting gases and is eit!er all or
partly
returned to t!e operation or remo+ed entirely# T!e type of system. t!e c!emical makeup of
t!e
ra$ materials and fuel. and t!e condition of t!e system operations all affect t!e c!emical
configuration
of t!e *2D# Portland cement specifications usually limit t!e amounts of sodium and
potassium# Because "ypass *2D contains a large Juantity of t!ese minerals. *2D is
usually
remo+ed from t!e process# T!e *2D from a pre!eater to$er is composed of t!e same
general
elements as t!e kiln feed and t!erefore is returned to t!e process# T!e !andling. storage.
and
deposition of *2D can generate fugiti+e dust emissions#
T!e follo$ing met!ods are used to control particulate emissions from t!e kiln systemM
# re+erse@air fa"ric filters
# electrostatic precipitators '4SPs)
# acoustic !orns 'sometimes used in conjunction $it! t!e t$o de+ices a"o+e)
d# *linker *ooling
Reciprocating grate clinker coolers most often employ fa"ric filters. "ut 4SPs and gra+el
"ed
filters are also used $it! a mec!anical cyclone or multiclone dust collector sometimes
placed in
front# %e$er plants typically use pulse@jet or pulsed@plenum fa"ric filters and older plants
use
re+erse@air type fa"ric filters $!ic! may simply "e a smaller form of a kiln fa"ric filter# (ra+el
"ed filters. $!ic! are also used "y t!e cement industry. contain Juart- granulesL
contaminated
gas passes t!roug! t!is filter and t!e dust settles to t!e "ottom of t!e "ed#
e# *linker Storage
T!e de+ices used to control dust emissions from clinker storage areas are similar to t!ose
used in t!e ra$ milling process# T!e particulate emissions generated "y dropping clinkers
onto
storage piles can "e reduced "y using a rock ladder or +aria"le@!eig!t. automatic. stacker
"elt
33
con+eyor systems# Eugiti+e dust generated from open storage piles is tempered "y rain and
sno$. $ind "reaks. and pile co+ers# *linker in open piles is mo+ed using front@end loadersL
in
storage !alls o+er!ead "ucket cranes are used# Eugiti+e clinker dust emitted from open
storage
piles is common and +ery difficult to control#
f# Einis! Milling
Particulate matter is emitted from mill +ents. air separator +ents. and material@!andling
system
+ents# %e$er plants usually use pulse@jet or pulsed@plenum fa"ric filters $it! !ig!@efficiency
separators. $!ile older plants use re+erse@airs!aker fa"ric filters# T!e cement dust
collected
"y t!e fa"ric filter is restored to t!e system# In cold $eat!er. a plume may de+elop at t!e
"ag!ouse +entL t!is may "e mistaken for particulate matter. "ut actually is condensed $ater
+apor from t!e cooling system#
g# Packing and 7oading
In t!e s!ipping department particulate matter is emitted from t!e silos and t!e !andling and
loading operations# Acti+e and passi+e fa"ric filters are used to collect t!is dust# During
loading
of t!e product. particulate emissions are controlled "y a fa"ric filter connected to t!e
transport
+esselL collected dust is restored to t!e s!ipment# To ensure dust@free loading onto t!e
transport +essel. a fle1i"le loading spout consisting of concentric tu"es is used# T!e
outermost
tu"e seals t!e deli+ery spout to t!e transport +e!icle# T!e product is t!en deli+ered
t!roug! t!e inner tu"e and displaced air dra$n up t!e outer tu"e to a filter# At distri"ution
terminals. fa"ric filters are again used and t!e collected dust is returned to t!e product# %e$
plants typically use pulse@jet fa"ric filters $!ile older plants use re+erse@air or s!aker@type
fa"ric
filters#
:# 7iJuid and Solid &astes
T!e o+erflo$ from slurry concentrating eJuipment 'i#e# t!ickeners) constitutes t!e main
$ater
pollution pro"lem# Eor ne$ plants t!at process slurry. closed@cycle $ater systems are used
to
34
return t!e o+erflo$ $ater to t!e process# Anot!er source of $aste is t!e stripped
o+er"urden.
$!ic! is used as a ra$ material or disposed of in a local landfill# An estimate of o+er"urden
deposited in a landfill +aries from C @ ; metric tons per metric ton of cement produced#
T!e com"ustion processes of cement kilns and rotary kilns !a+e "een used to dispose of
!a-ardous $aste material# Eor t!e cement kiln. $aste material is "urned $it! a primary fuel#
Eor a $et process kiln. t!e ra$ materials are introduced into t!e top of t!e kiln and e1it at
t!e
"ottom as cement clinker# T!e "urner is located at t!e lo$er end of t!e kiln $!ere t!e fuel
and
$aste are ignited# T!e !ot gases mo+e up t!e kiln and !eat t!e ra$ materials. e1it t!e kiln.
and
are t!en cleaned in a "ag!ouse prior to e1iting t!roug! a stack# &!en $aste is fired. any
as!
generated "ecomes a part of t!e cement product#
D# R4E4R4%*4S
D# Air and &aste Management Association# Air Pollution 4ngineering Manual# %e$ 9orkM
8an %ostrand Rein!old. DBB:#
:# ,all. E#D# 4+aluation of t!e Eeasi"ility of Incinerating ,a-ardous &aste in ,ig!@
Temperature
Industrial Process. DB?<#
;# Reding. 3# T#. P#4# Mue!l"erg. and B#P# S!ep!erd 'Do$ *!emical)# Industrial Process
35
Ceme-t I-du0t'y EG2e.t0 to G'oE Steadily i- ())+
May <?3 ())+
'ement indu(tr) i( (teadi) %r"$in% and i( (et t" add "n *+ Mii"n T"ne( additi"na
'apa'it) durin% t#e 'urrent )ear a( t#e demand (ti remain( #i%#.
T!e Indian cement industry $ill continue to s!o$ steady performance "y increasing its
capacity anot!er =C Million Tones in :CCB despite t!e recession and slump in t!e countryKs
!ousing industry. stated , M Bangur. President of *ement ManufacturersK Association
'*MA) and reported "y economictimes#
&!ile t!e construction sector !as got deeply affected "y t!e glo"al crisis. t!e cement sector
is impro+ing day@"y@day. recording a 9O9 gro$t! of B#<H in t!e fourt! Juarter of E9CB# T!e
cement prices are also s!ooting up# T!e Association !as predicted t!at t!e cement sector
$ill gro$ "y B@DCH. pro+ided t!e (DP of t!e country gro$s at t!e rate of AH#
According to a ne$ R%*OS report /Indian *ement Industry Eorecast to :CD:0. India ranks
second $orld$ide in t!e cement production after *!ina# T!e Indian cement industry is
continuously e1panding. $it! rising production capacity of major players in t!e past fe$
mont!s# T!is indicates to no impact of recession on t!e industry#
Moreo+er. t!e cement production and consumption are e1pected to gro$ rapidly during
:CCB@:CD:# ,ousing industry makes up for o+er =CH of t!e cement consumption in India
and t!e same trend is e1pected to continue in coming years. says t!e report#

,o$e+er t!e go+ernment took some infrastructure initiati+es. "ut t!ey pro+ed inadeJuate#
T!e construction sector is se+erely !it "y t!e increase in prices of cement. $!ic! $ere
dri+en "y t!e rise in demand due to t!e infrastructure projects of t!e pu"lic sector#
Alt!oug! t!e manufacturing sector registered slo$ year@on@year gro$t!. some of t!e
sectors. suc! as t!e cement industry. displayed a fractional upturn during t!e later si1
mont!s of E9CB as compared to t!e first si1 mont!s#
3$
According to a Researc! Analyst at R%*OS. /T!e Indian cement industry is e1pected to
gro$ rapidly in coming years due to !ea+y demand from !ousing. retail and infrastructure
industry# Moreo+er. se+eral players !a+e decided to raise t!eir production capacity during
:CCB@:CD:. $!ic!. in turn. "oosts t!e production +olume of t!e cement industry#
Total 2'odu.tio-
T!e cement industry comprises of D:= large cement plants $it! an installed capacity of
D<?#:? million tonnes and more t!an ;CC mini cement plants $it! an estimated capacity of
DD#DC million tonnes per annum#
T!e *ement *orporation of India. $!ic! is a *entral Pu"lic Sector Undertaking. !as DC
units# T!ere are DC large cement plants o$ned "y +arious State (o+ernments# T!e total
installed capacity in t!e country as a $!ole is D=B#;? million tonnes# Actual cement
production in :CC:@C; $as DD>#;= million tonnes as against a production of DC>#BC million
tonnes in :CCD@C:. registering a gro$t! rate of ?#?<H# MaCo' 2laye'0 i- .eme-t
2'odu.tio- a'e AmbuCa .eme-t3 Aditya Ceme-t3 ! 4 Ceme-t a-d L F T .eme-t7
Apart from meeting t!e entire domestic demand. t!e industry is also e1porting cement and
clinker# T!e e1port of cement during :CCD@C: and :CC;@C< $as =#D< million tonnes and
>#B: million tonnes respecti+ely# 41port during April@May. :CC; $as D#;= million tonnes#
Major e1porters $ere (ujarat Am"uja *ements 7td# and 7GT 7td#
T1e &la--i-, Commi00io- /o' t1e /o'mulatio- o/ : 8ie 6ea' &la- .o-0tituted a
H9o'ki-, G'ou2 o- Ceme-t I-du0t'yH /o' t1e deelo2me-t o/ .eme-t i-du0t'y7 T1e
9o'ki-, G'ou2 1a0 ide-ti/ied /olloEi-, t1'u0t a'ea0 /o' im2'oi-, dema-d /o'
.eme-tI
i# Eurt!er pus! to !ousing de+elopment programmesL
ii# Promotion of concrete ,ig!$ays and roadsL and
iii# Use of ready@mi1 concrete in large infrastructure projects#
36
Eurt!er. in order to impro+e glo"al competiti+eness of t!e Indian *ement Industry. t!e
Department of Industrial Policy G Promotion commissioned a study on t!e glo"al
competiti+eness of t!e Indian Industry t!roug! an organi-ation of international repute. +i-#
2PM( *onsultancy P+t# 7td# T!e report su"mitted "y t!e organi-ation !as made se+eral
recommendations for making t!e Indian *ement Industry more competiti+e in t!e
international market# T!e recommendations are under consideration#
Ceme-t i-du0t'y 1a0 bee- de.o-t'olled /'om 2'i.e a-d di0t'ibutio- on Dst Marc! DB?B
and de@licensed on :=t! 3uly DBBD# ,o$e+er. t!e performance of t!e industry and prices of
cement are monitored regularly# Being a key infrastructure industry. t!e constraints faced
"y t!e industry are re+ie$ed in t!e Infrastructure *oordination *ommittee meetings !eld in
t!e *a"inet Secretariat under t!e *!airmans!ip of Secretary '*oordination)# T!e
*ommittee on Infrastructure also re+ie$s its performance#
Te.1-olo,i.al .1a-,e
*ontinuous tec!nological upgrading and assimilation of latest tec!nology !as "een going
on in t!e cement industry# Presently B; per cent of t!e total capacity in t!e industry is "ased
on modern and en+ironment@friendly dry process tec!nology and only A per cent of t!e
capacity is "ased on old $et and semi@dry process tec!nology# T!ere is tremendous scope
for $aste !eat reco+ery in cement plants and t!ere"y reduction in emission le+el# One
project for co@generation of po$er utili-ing $aste !eat in an Indian cement plant is "eing
implemented $it! 3apanese assistance under (reen Aid Plan# T!e induction of ad+anced
tec!nology !as !elped t!e industry immensely to conser+e energy and fuel and to sa+e
materials su"stantially#
India is also producing different +arieties of cement like Ordinary Portland *ement 'OP*).
Portland Po--olana *ement 'PP*). Portland Blast Eurnace Slag *ement 'PBES). Oil &ell
*ement. Rapid ,ardening Portland *ement. Sulp!ate Resisting Portland *ement. &!ite
*ement etc# Production of t!ese +arieties of cement conform to t!e BIS Specifications#
Also. some cement plants !a+e set up dedicated jetties for promoting "ulk transportation
and e1port#
34
Ceme-t I-du0t'y i- I-dia
*ement Industry in India is on a roll at t!e moment# Dri+en "y a "ooming real estate sector.
glo"al demand and increased acti+ity in infrastructure de+elopment suc! as state and
national !ig!$ays. t!e cement industry !as $itnessed tremendous gro$t!# Production
capacity !as gone up and top cement companies of t!e $orld are +ying to enter t!e Indian
market. t!ere"y sparking off a spate of mergers and acJuisitions# Indian cement industry is
currently ranked second in t!e $orld#
T!e origins of Indian cement industry can "e traced "ack to DBD< $!en t!e first unit $as
set@up at Por"andar $it! a capacity of DCCC tonnes# Today cement industry comprises of
D:= large cement plants and more t!an ;CC mini cement plants# T!e *ement *orporation
of India. $!ic! is a *entral Pu"lic Sector Undertaking. !as DC units# T!ere are DC large
cement plants o$ned "y +arious State (o+ernments# *ement industry in India !as also
made tremendous strides in tec!nological upgradation and assimilation of latest
tec!nology# Presently. B; per cent of t!e total capacity in t!e industry is "ased on modern
and en+ironment@friendly dry process tec!nology# T!e induction of ad+anced tec!nology
!as !elped t!e industry immensely to conser+e energy and fuel and to sa+e materials
su"stantially# Indian cement industry !as also acJuired tec!nical capa"ility to produce
different types of cement like Ordinary Portland *ement 'OP*). Portland Po--olana
*ement 'PP*). Portland Blast Eurnace Slag *ement 'PBES). Oil &ell *ement. Rapid
,ardening Portland *ement. Sulp!ate Resisting Portland *ement. &!ite *ement etc#
Some of t!e major clusters of cement industry in India areM Satna 'Mad!ya Prades!).
*!andrapur 'Ma!aras!tra). (ul"arga '2arnataka). 9erranguntla 'And!ra Prades!).
%algonda 'And!ra Prades!). Bilaspur '*!attisgar!). and *!andoria 'Rajast!an)#
*ement industry in India is currently going t!roug! a consolidation p!ase# Some e1amples
of consolidation in t!e Indian cement industry areM (ujarat Am"uja taking a stake of D< per
cent in A**. and taking o+er D7E *ements and Modi *ementL A** taking o+er ID*O7L
India *ement taking o+er Raasi *ement and Sri 8is!nu *ementL and (rasimOs acJuisition
of t!e cement "usiness of 7GT. Indian RayonOs cement di+ision. and Sri Dig+ijay *ements#
Eoreign cement companies are also picking up stakes in large Indian cement companies#
S$iss cement major ,olcim !as picked up D<#? per cent of t!e promotersO stake in (ujarat
Am"uja *ements '(A*7)# ,olcimOs acJuisition !as led to t!e emergence of t$o major
groups in t!e Indian cement industry. t!e ,olcim@A**@(ujarat Am"uja *ements com"ine
3<
and t!e Aditya Birla group t!roug! (rasim Industries and Ultratec! *ement# 7afarge. t!e
Erenc! cement major !as acJuired t!e cement plants of Raymond and Tisco# Italy "ased
Italcementi !as acJuired a stake in t!e 2#2# Birla promoted Ruari IndustriesO cement plant in
And!ra Prades!. and (erman cement company ,eidel"erg *ement !as entered into an
eJual joint@+enture agreement $it! S P 7o!ia (roup controlled Indo@Rama *ement#
I00ue0 .o-.e'-i-, Ceme-t I-du0t'y
,ig! Transportation *ost is affecting t!e competiti+eness of t!e cement industry#
Ereig!t accounts for DAH of t!e production cost# Road is t!e preferred mode for
transportation for distances less t!an :=Ckm# ,o$e+er. industry is !ea+ily dependant
on roads for longer distances too as t!e rail$ay infrastructure is not adeJuate#
*ement industry is !ig!ly capital intensi+e industry and nearly ==@>CH of t!e inputs
are controlled "y t!e go+ernment#
T!ere is regional im"alance in t!e distri"ution of cement industry# 7imestone
a+aila"ility in pockets !as led to une+en capacity additions#
*oal a+aila"ility and Juality is also affecting t!e production#
Outlook
Outlook for t!e cement industry looks Juite "rig!t# (i+en t!e sustained gro$t! in t!e real
estate sector. t!e go+ernmentOs emp!asis on infrastructure and increased glo"al demand. it
looks as if t!e juggernaut of cement industry $ould continue to roll on t!e pat! of gro$t!#
Slum2 i- ,lobal .eme-t i-du0t'y mome-ta'y
C1e.k Se'i.e0
Eutures on 9our Mo"ile
7og on to Ba-aar B!aa+
(et Eutures Prices
41c!ange Spot Rates
C"mm"dit) Onine
SA% 3OS4M T!e need for !ousing and continued go+ernment in+estments in infrastructure
de+elopment in emerging economies $ill dri+e t!e glo"al demand for cement#
40
T!e slump in glo"al cement market is temporary and it is e1pected to reac! ;#AA "illion
tonnes "y :CD:. according to a report "y (lo"al Industry Analysts. Inc#
P*ementM A (lo"al Strategic Business ReportP from (lo"al Industry Analysts. Inc# pro+ides
a compre!ensi+e re+ie$ of market trends. dri+ers. product profile. players. competition.
recent de+elopments. mergers. acJuisitions. and ot!er strategic industry acti+ities#
4merging markets in Asia@Pacific. 7atin America and Middle 4ast G Africa are dri+ing glo"al
demand for cement# *!ina alone produces and consumes slig!tly less t!an !alf t!e cement
produced and consumed $orld$ide# *!ina and India. t!e second largest producer and
consumer of cement. toget!er account for more t!an =CH of t!e total cement produced and
consumed in t!e $orld# De+eloped markets including t!e US. &estern 4urope and 3apan
are mature and currently facing declining demand due to t!e glo"al economic crisis#
T!oug!. at present. demand is gro$ing. "ut at a decelerated pace. t!e p!ase is
momentary# 7ong@term projections indicate !ealt!y demand gro$t!s. as $orld economy
sta"ili-es and construction acti+ity picks up across glo"al markets into t!e ne1t decade#
*!ina. follo$ed "y India. United States. 3apan and Russia. represent t!e largest producers
and consumers of cement $orld$ide#
Ot!er countries featuring prominently on t!e glo"al cement space include Spain. Sout!
2orea. Italy. Iran. Turkey. and Bra-il# Significant capacity e1pansions in *!ina. India. Saudi
Ara"ia. UA4. Turkey. 4gypt. and Bra-il are under$ay and planned for t!e ne1t fe$ years#
Portland cement is t!e most $idely consumed cement +ariety $orld$ide# T!e largest
geograp!ic market is Asia@Pacific. and t!e fastest gro$t! is forecast to take pace in t!e
Middle 4ast G Africa and Asia@Pacific markets# In fact. *!ina alone consumes more t!an
!alf t!e glo"al Portland cement#
Blended cement. t!e less en+ironment polluting +arieties. $ould see demand gro$ in t!e
ne1t fe$ years. as t!eir fa+ora"le en+ironmental profile and e1cellent performance $ins
end@user interest# Again Asia@Pacific represents t!e largest geograp!ic market. t!oug!
s!are of 4urope also stands out# Eastest gro$t! $ould take place in Asia@Pacific. as
demand is e1pected to increase o+er t!e forecast years#
41
In terms of market. *!ina remains t!e largest regional market. $!ere *onstruction
*ontractors. follo$ed "y *oncrete Products Producers represent t!e largest markets for
cement# T!e fastest gro$ing market. !o$e+er. $ould "e Ready@mi1 *oncrete Producers.
as t!ey "enefit from "an imposed "y t!e *!inese go+ernment on mortar and concrete
mi1ing at construction sites#
Mean$!ile. t!e second largest regional market. India. $ould see cement demand ad+ance
t!e fastest for t!e Ready@mi1 *oncrete Producers market# T!oug! demand from
*onsumers. t!e largest cement market. $ould continue to gro$. it $ould lose s!are to
Ready@mi1 *oncrete Producers and *oncrete Products Producers markets#
T!e glo"al marketplace is c!aracteri-ed "y participants suc! as 7afarge 'Erance). ,olcim
'S$it-erland). *eme1 'Me1ico). ,eidel"erg*ement '(ermany) and Italcementi 'Italy). $!ic!
represent t!e fi+e leading manufacturers of cement# Ot!er international cement makers
include Bu--i Unicem 'Italy). *impor 'Portugal). *R, 'Ireland). 8otorantim *imentos
'Bra-il). Sumitomo Osaka *ement '3apan). Tai!eiyo *ement '3apan). and An!ui *onc!
'*!ina)# Ot!er leading regional market leaders includeM An!ui *onc!. *!ina S!ans!ui.
*!ina %ational Building Material. and Tangs!an 3idong in *!inaL and A**. Am"uja
*ement. (rasim. UltraTec!. and India *ements in India#
42
43
INTRODUCTION
TO THE
ORGANIZATION
COM&AN6 &RO8ILE
Bi'la Co'2o'atio- Ltd7. a $ell kno$n name in t!e "usiness $orld $as esta"lis!ed "y Late
S1'i G1a-01yam $a0 Bi'la in t!e year <+<+# ,e set up first Indian jute mill near *alcutta
'no$ 2olkata) and named it Birla 3ute Manufacturing *ompany 7td# T!e name of t!e
company $as c!anged to Birla 3ute G Industries 7td# in DB?; and finally to Birla *orporation
7imited in DBB?#
Erom Late S1'i G1a-01yam $a0 Bi'la t!e unit passed on to !is nep!e$ Late S1'i M7&7
Bi'la3 $!o e1panded it into an industrial empire $it! manifold di+ersification in +arious
areas#
T!e company !as follo$ing di+ersificationM
*ement
3ute
*ar"ide G gases
Synt!etics
7inoleum G 8inyl Elooring
Auto Trim
44
45
CEMENT $I5ISION:
LOCATION O8 &LANTS IN IN$IA:
T!e *ement Di+ision of Birla *orporation 7imited !as se+en plants. !a+ing an installed
capacity of =#? million tons# After t!e completion of t!e ongoing e1pansion projects. t!e
capacity $ill increase to A million tons#
4$
;NITS
BIRLA CEMENT 9OR4S
C#AN$ERIA CEMENT 9OR4S C#AN$ERIA "RA!ASTAN%
SATNA CEMENT 9OR4S
BIRLA 5I4AS CEMENT SATNA "MA$#6A &RA$ES#%
RAEBARELI GRIN$ING ;NIT RAEBARELI ";TTAR
&RA$ES#%
$;RGA&;R CEMENT 9OR4S
$;RGA #ITEC# CEMENT $;RGA&;R "9EST
BENGAL%
T!is plant manufacture +arieties of cement. including Ordinary Portland *ement 'OP*). <;
G =; grades. fly as!N"ased Portland Po--olana *ement 'PP*). Portland Slag *ement
'PS*) and lo$@ alkali Portland *ement# Recently. t!e *ompany !as started producing
Sulp!ate Resistant *ement 'SR*) and it !as "een $ell accepted in t!e market#
OP* is marketed under t!e name of Birla *ement 2!ajura!o and Birla *ement *!etak.
$!ile PPc is marketed under t!e "rand name of Birla *ement Samrat# PP* is marketed
under t!e "arand name of Birla *ement#
T!e Bi'la Ceme-t SAMRAT "rand is ideal for mass concrete. R** pre@stressed precast
structures 'for reduced t!ermal crack). increased $ater tig!tness of concrete. increased
resistance to sulp!ate content in soil. aggressi+e $ater and alkali aggregate reaction.
"esides corrosion resistant properties#
T!e "rands !a+e significant presence in t!e nort!ern. $estern and eastern parts of t!e
country as $ell as central India# T!e company !as a large net$ork of dedicated distri"utors
and stockiest in all its marketing regions#
Durgapur *ement &orks and t!e t$o cement units at Satna !a+e recei+ed t!e ISO BCC:
Juality certification. co+ering production and marketing# T!e Satna units !a+e also recei+ed
t!e ISISOM D<CCD certificate for Pimplementation of t!e 4n+ironmental Management
46
SystemP# T!e t$o *!anderia units !a+e recei+ed t!e ISO BCCDM :CCC certification for
Fuality Management System. as $ell as t!e ISISOM D<CCD certification#
T!e Juality control la"oratories of "ot! Birla *ement &orks and *!anderia *ement &orks
!a+e "een accredited "y %ational Accreditation Board for Testing G *ali"ration
7a"oratories. Department of Science G Tec!nology. and (o+ernment of India#
T!e cement units !a+e "een recei+ing. since t!e past decade. prestigious a$ards for
producti+ity. pollution control. energy performance and $orkerOs education#
44
T1e &'odu.t a-d B'a-d -ame0 a'e a0 /olloE0:-
;-it0 &'odu.t0 B'a-d Name
Bi'la Ceme-t 9o'k0
C1a-de'ia Ceme-t 9o'k0
O&C B >=G3 ?=G3 &&C
&&C
Bi'la Ceme-t C1etak
Bi'la Ceme-t Sam'at
Sat-a Ceme-t 9o'k0
Bi'la 5ika0 Ceme-t
&&C F O&C ">= G'7% Bi'la Ceme-t Sam'at
Bi'la Ceme-t 41aCu'a1o
Raeba'eli G'i-di-, ;-it &o'tla-d &oJJola-a
Ceme-t "&&C%
Bi'la Ceme-t Sam'at
$u',a2u' Ceme-t 9o'k0 &o'tla-d Sla, Ceme-t
"&SC%
Bi'la Ceme-t
Bi'la &'emium Ceme-t
$u',a #ite.1 Ceme-t &o'tla-d &oJJola-a
Ceme-t "&&C%
Bi'la Ceme-t Sam'at
S2e.ial Ceme-t0
Sulp!ate Resistant *ement
7o$@alkali *ement
Rail$ay Sleeper (rade *ement IRS T@<C
7o$ ,eat *ement
4<
'&,(= 2#1
CA&ACIT6: ?7*A Mill7 T07
STATE TO9N ;NITS CA&ACIT6 MILL7 TS
M7&7 SATNA <7??
RA!AST#AN C#ITTORGAR# (7))
9EST BENGAL $;RGA&;R <7@)
;TTAR &RA$ES# RAEBARELI )7@=
$ISCI&LINE O8 K;ALIT6 ASS;RANCE
ISO BCC: *ertification "y Ms R&TU8 (ermany#
ISO D<CCD *ertification for 4n+ironment management system "y BS %e$ Del!i#
50
'&,(= 2#2
A&&LICATIONS
Bi'la Ceme-t 41aCu'a1oLC1etak - >= ,'ade O'di-a'y &o'tla-d Ceme-t-
Brick and stone masonry#
Plastering and flooring#
Plain and reinforced cement concrete#
Pre@cast and pre@stressed concrete#
Bi'la Ceme-t 41aCu'a1oLC1etak-?= G'ade O'di-a'y &o'tla-d Ceme-t-
Rail$ay sleepers
Pre@stressed girders and electric poles#
M:= G a"o+e concrete#
Roads. run$ays. industrial "uildings. R** "ridges G lofty "uildings#
Pre@cast concrete elements
Bi'la Sam'at - &o'tla-d &oJJola-a Ceme-t-
Brick and stone masonry
Plastering and flooring#
Plain and reinforced cement concrete#
Ordinary Pre@cast concrete $ork#
Bi'la Ceme-t 41aCu'a1o - Sul21ate Re0i0ti-, &o'tla-d Ceme-t-
Building near sea coast#
Belo$ ground. $!ere concrete or mortar is used in foundation. aJua ducts. canals G
cul+erts#
Desert conditions#
In s$ampy areas for footing. plint! "eams. piles etc#
Industrial effluent treatment plant. cooling to$ers. c!imneys. se$erage treatment
plant#
Marine structures
51
Bi'la Ceme-t 41aCu'a1o - LoE Alkali Ceme-t -
Bridges
Dams
Reser+oirs
Bi'la Ceme-t 41aCu'a1o - IRS-T>) Ceme-t -
Rail$ay sleepers#
52
CONTIN;O;S RECOGNITION 8OR CONSISTENT K;ALIT6:
CA&E:IL aEa'd0 e+ery year. since DBBC
ISO +))( .e'ti/i.atio- for Satna *ement &orks. Birla 8ikas *ement and
Durgapur *ement &orks#
ISO +))< - ())) "KMS% .e'ti/i.atio- for Birla *ement &orks. *!anderia *ement
&orks from B8FI. U2#
ISLISO <>))< .e'ti/i.atio- in DBBB@:CCC for Satna *ement &orks and Birla 8ikas
*ement. in :CC:@:CC; for Birla *ement &orks G *!anderia *ement &orks for
en+ironment management systems#
MBe0t &'odu.tiity &e'/o'ma-.eM a$ard from %P* for Birla 8ikas *ement in
DB?A@??# Also recognised "y %*B as#
MBe0t i- E-e',y &e'/o'ma-.eM in DB?>@?A#
MBe0t i- E-e',y &e'/o'ma-.eM for Satna *ement &orks in DBB;@B<. DBB<@B=.
DBB=@B>. DBBA@B?#
MBe0t &'odu.tiity &e'/o'ma-.eM aEa'd from %P* for *!anderia *ement &orks
in DBB?@BC and again in DBB;@B<#
(-d MBe0t &'odu.tiity &e'/o'ma-.eM a$ard for *!anderia *ement &orks in
DBBD@B: G
MCe'ti/i.ate o/ Me'itM in DBB?@BB
MBe0t im2'oeme-t i- T1e'mal E-e',y &e'/o'ma-.eM recognition from %*B for
Birla *ement &orks in DBB:@B; and *!anderia *ement &orks in DBB;@B<#
MBe0t im2'oeme-t i- E-e',y &e'/o'ma-.eM recognition for Birla *ement &orks
in DBB:@B;#
MB1ama S1a1 Samma-M from t!e Rajast!an (o+ernment for 4ducational
Acti+ities for Birla *ement &orks in DBB>@BA#
5EC-IIT3 Mad'a0 'e.o,-i0ed C1a-de'ia Ceme-t 9o'k0 a-d Bi'la Ceme-t
9o'k0 Eor P41cellence in Impro+ing Mac!inery ,ealt! *onditionP in DBBA#
M9o'ke'0 Edu.atio- T'o21yM a$arded "y *entral Board of &orkers 4ducation.
Udaipur Ministry of 7a"our. (o+ernment of India. for Birla *ement &orks G
*!anderia *ement &orks in DBB?@BB and again in :CCD@C:#
MLal Ba1adu' S1a0t'i Memo'ial Natio-al AEa'dM for 41cellent Pollution *ontrol
Implementation "y *!anderia *ement &orks in :CC:@C;#
53
CA&E:IL HS2e.ial EG2o't AEa'dH
BIRLA CEMENT AN$ C#AN$ERIA CEMENT9OR4S3
C#ITTORGAR#3 RA!AST#AN
In *!ittorgar! Birla *orporation 7td# ,as t$o plants namely B7C797 G C7C797 B7C797 $as
set up in <+@*. t!e first dry process plant $it! t$o stage suspension pre !eating tec!nology
in t!e country# Its initial capacity of ( lacks tones $as increased to > lacks tones in <++(# In
moderni-ation dri+e. t!e tEo stage pre !eater is con+erted into /ie stage pre !eater. and a
modern computeri-ed system is installed#
C7C797 &as set up in DB?>. $it! ne$ tec!nologies and en+ironment friendly atmosp!ere#
T!is plant is eJuipped $it! state of art eJuipment like ? stage !eater and in "uilt clinker#
&it! sop!isticated Juality control system and central computeri-ed control system $it! 1@
ray analy-er pro+ides to ensure "est Juality cement production# T!is unit $as also
moderni-ed and its production capacity is increased from ? lacks tones per annum to A
lacks tones per annum#
T!e company carried out +arious modified de@"ottle necking in t!ese plants. as a result of
$!ic! t!e installed capacity of t!e cement di+ision !as "een increased to (> lacks tones
from <> lacks tones#
B7C797 G C7C797 !as recei+ed t!e Juality certification ISO +))<-())) for Juality
management system and ISO-<>))< for en+ironment management system#
B7C797 G C7C797 !as also recei+ed many 41cellency a$ards#
54
Kuality 2oli.y
Birla *orporation limited *!anderia is committed to comply $it! t!e reJuirements of
customers to t!eir satisfaction and continually impro+e t!e effecti+eness of Juality
management system "y
4n!ancing customer satisfaction "y supplying consisted Juality cement#
Regular up gradation of tec!nologyM optimum utili-ation of resources and upkeep of
eJuipment for reducing t!e cost#
Training and in+ol+ement of employee to de+elop Juality culture in t!e units#

55
MA!OR $E&ARTMENTS
Birla cement $ork and *!anderia cement $ork
Mines
Production
4ngineering
4lectrical po$er plant
T!ermal po$er plant
Diesel po$er plant
4n+iourment safety
Store and ra$ material
Building
Purc!ase
Accounts
information system
Personal and $elfare
(ernal administration
,RD
7egal
Sales and marketing
Security

5$
HRD-AN
OVERVIEW
BIR7A *4M4%T &OR2S
Chanderia, Chittorgarh (Rajasthan)
' Unit of Ms# BIR7A *ORPORATIO% 7IMIT4D )
,nit -r"!ie
BIR7A *4M4%T &OR2S 'B*&) is a unit of Birla *orporation 7imited. $!ic! is a major
producer of cement in India. particularly in t!e States of Rajast!an. MP. UP G &B# It is a
part of Rs# =CCC crores Birla *orporation 7imited 'B*7). $!ic! manufactures 3ute products.
Synt!etic 9arn. 7inoleum. *ar"ide. Steel *astings. Auto Trims etc# in addition of cement
!a+ing registered office at 2olkata# B*7 is !a+ing si1 manufacturing units N t$o in t!e State
of Rajast!an located at *!anderia. t$o in Mad!ya Prades! located at Satna. one in Uttar
Prades! located at Rae"areli and one in &est Bengal located at Durgapur# B*& is
producing different types of cement like <; grade OP* G PP*. $!ic! represents t!e "est
Juality. easy $orka"ility. !ig! strengt! G dura"ility along$it! operational sta"ility and
economy#
Birla *ement &orks !as a $ell esta"lis!ed market in Rajast!an. (ujarat. ,aryana. and
Punja" G Del!i# ItKs cement "rand N SAMRAT 'Portland Po--olana *ement) $as launc!ed
in DBBA and is $idely accepted "y "ot! ur"an and rural customers#
T!e company is a$arded $it! ISO BCCD@:CCC and ISO D<CCD certificates# In t!e year :CC=.
t!e company !as also "een a$arded $it! %AB7 certification#
In t!e c!anged scenario of glo"ali-ation. Birla *orporation 7imited !as "een a"le to
maintain its position in t!e market "ecause of "etter customer care and energy
optimi-ation# An 4nergy *ell !as "een $orking under t!e guidance of t!e Management#
&ROCESS 8LO9 C#ART:
C'u01i-,,
Lime0to-e 0to.k &ile
Lime0to-e t'a-02o'tatio-
Mi-i-,
&y'o 2'o.e00i-,
Ceme-t Sto'a,e
Ceme-t ,'i-di-,
RaE ,'i-di-,
8uel G'i-di-,
Ceme-t &a.ki-,
56
Co-td7777&L(
54
PageS#:
Ener%) C"n(umpti"n
4nergy conser+ation measures !a+e "een undertaken to reduce electrical energy
consumption# ,o$e+er. t!e increase in specific po$er in :CC<@C= due to more production of
<; grades OP* G less production of PP* as compared to :CC;@C<#
$ESCRI&TIO
N
;NIT ())?-)@ ())@-)* ())*-)A
*ement
Production
7TPA A#?: ?#;D ?#<B
Total electrical
energy
consumption
7ak! k&! A;>#:? A==#=B AB>#:D
Specific
energy
consumption
Units T
*ement
?=#BC ?<#<B ?<#<:
Total T!ermal
consumption
annum
M#2*als =<:D<< =>=C;= =??D<>
Specific
T!ermal
energy
consumption
2cal 2g#
*ement
>AB >?= >>C
5<
H,MAN RESO,RCE
#uma- 'e0ou'.e is a term $it! $!ic! many organi-ations descri"e t!e com"ination of
traditionally administrati+e personnel functions $it! performance. 4mployee Relations and
resource planning# T!e field dra$s upon concepts de+eloped in IndustrialOrgani-ational
Psyc!ology# ,uman resource !as at least t$o related interpretations depending on conte1t#
T!e original usage deri+es from political economy and economics. $!ere it $as traditionally
called la"or. one of four factors of production# T!e more common usage $it!in corporations
and "usinesses refers to t!e indi+iduals $it!in t!e firm. and to t!e portion of t!e firmOs
organi-ation t!at deals $it! !iring. firing. training. and ot!er personnel issues# T!is article
addresses "ot! definitions#
T!e o"jecti+e of ,uman Resources is to ma1imi-e t!e return on in+estment from t!e
organi-ationOs !uman capital and minimi-e financial risk# It is t!e responsi"ility of !uman
resource managers to conduct t!ese acti+ities in an effecti+e. legal. fair. and consistent
manner#
,uman resource management ser+es t!ese key functionsM
D# Selection
:# Training and De+elopment
;# Performance 4+aluation and Management
<# Promotions
=# Redundancy
># Industrial and 4mployee Relations
A# Record keeping of all personal data#
?# *ompensation. pensions. "onuses etc in liaison $it! Payroll
B# *onfidential ad+ice to internal OcustomersO in relation to pro"lems at $ork G
DC# *areer de+elopment
$0
#R$ A- oe'ieE
It is a common fact t!at $it!out de+elopment of employeeKs competencies no organi-ation
can sur+i+e today# To "e effecti+e e+ery manufacturing organi-ation need main component
people in all areas $!et!er t!ey "e cost reduction. delays increase customer satisfaction.
"etter Juality. prompt ser+ice. impro+ed earning. impro+ed market image and so on#
#R$ de/i-itio-:
,RD is a continuous process to ensure t!e de+elopment of employee competencies.
dynamism. moti+ation. and effecti+eness in a systematic and planned $ay
T7N Rao
,RD is system of de+eloping in a continuous and planned $ay t!e competence of
indi+idual employees. dyadic group. team and total organi-ation to ac!ie+e goal#
4eit1 $ai0
A set of systematic and planned acti+ities designed "y an organi-ation to pro+ide its
mem"ers $it! t!e necessary skills to meet current and future jo" demands#

9e'-e' F $eSimo-e
"())@%
$1
Eolutio- o/ #R$
4arly apprentices!ip programs
4arly +ocational education programs
4arly factory sc!ools
4arly training for unskilledsemiskilled
,uman relations mo+ement
4sta"lis!ment of training profession
4mergence of ,RD
D# 4arly Apprentices!ip Programs
Artisans in DACCs
Artisans !ad to train t!eir o$n $orkers
(uild sc!ools
9eomanries 'early $orker unions)

:# 4arly 8ocational 4ducation Programs
D?CB N De&itt *lintonKs manual sc!ool
D?>; N President 7incoln signs t!e 7and@(rant Act promoting AGM colleges
DBDA N Smit!@,ug!es Act pro+ides funding for +ocational education at t!e state le+el

;# 4arly Eactory Sc!ools
Industrial Re+olution increases need for trained $orkers to design. "uild. and repair
mac!ines used "y unskilled $orkers
*ompanies started mac!inist and mec!anical sc!ools in@!ouse
S!orter and more narro$ly@focused t!an apprentices!ip programs
$2
<# 4arly Training for UnskilledSemiskilled &orkers
Mass production 'Model T)
o Semiskilled and unskilled $orkers
o Production line N one task Q one $orker
&orld &ar I
o Retool G retrain
o /S!o$. Tell. Do. *!eck0 'O3T)

=# ,uman Relations Mo+ement
Eactory system often a"used $orkers
/,uman relations0 mo+ement promoted "etter $orking conditions
Start of "usiness G management education
Tied to Maslo$Ks !ierarc!y of needs

># 4sta"lis!ment of t!e Training Profession
Out"reak of &&II increased t!e need for trained $orkers
Eederal go+ernment started t!e Training &it!in Industry 'T&I) program
DB<: N American Society for Training Directors (ASTD) formed

A# 4mergence of ,RD
4mployee needs e1tend "eyond t!e training classroom
Includes coac!ing. group $ork. and pro"lem sol+ing
%eed for "asic employee de+elopment#
%eed for structured career de+elopment#
ASTD c!anges its name to t!e American Society for Training and de.e"pment.
$3

Relatio-01i2 betEee- #RM a-d #R$
,uman resource management ',RM) encompasses many functions ,uman resource
de+elopment ',RD) is just one of t!e functions $it!in ,RM#

Primary Eunctions of ,RM
#uma- 'e0ou'.e planning
4Jual employment opportunity
Staffing 'recruitment and selection)
*ompensation and "enefits
4mployee and la"or relations
,ealt!. safety. and security
#uma- 'e0ou'.e deelo2me-t

Secondary ,RM Eunctions
O',a-iJatio- a-d Cob de0i,-
&e'/o'ma-.e ma-a,eme-t
&e'/o'ma-.e a22'ai0al 0y0tem0
Re0ea'.1 a-d i-/o'matio- 0y0tem0
$4
(oals of ,RD
De+elop t!e skill of indi+idual#
De+elop t!e indi+idual a"ilities to perform !is present jo" "etter#
De+elop t!e a"ilities to !andle future likely role#
Strengt! superior. su"ordinate relations!ip#
Strengt! team sprit among different teams#
Promote inter team colla"oration#
Need o/ #R$
,RD is needed to de+elop competencies#
To "ring a"out system $ide c!ange#
To de+elop a proper climate in t!e organi-ation#
#R$ a.tiity i- BC9
Pu"lication of !ello mont!ly "asis#
*ommunication t!roug! pu"lication#
Organi-e Eriday forum#
Induction to ne$ly recruit#
$5
Birt!day greeting to employee
T'ai-i-, a-d deelo2me-t a.tiitie0
Identify training needs@indi+idual and organi-ational#
Determining t!e competence le+el of $orkmen and $age "oard staff#
Annual training planmont!ly training plan#
Training record#
participated feed"ack on programmed
Measuring effecti+eness t!roug! different tool#
Pu"lication of /AP%I BAAT0Juaterly#
8ocational training for B#4M#B#AM#*#A students#
Organi-ational de+elopment e1ercise conduct sur+ey#
7i"rary procurement of "ooks journals ne$ su"scription circulate maga-ine etc#
= S0 acti+ities#
Fuality circle#
Organi-ation coordinate industrial +isit#
*ounseling of employee#
$$
ORGANI/ATION
Organi-ation is a collecti+e entity of people $!o consciously engaged in some acti+ity on
sustained "asis for ac!ie+ing an o"ject or set of o"jecti+e#
$E8INATION
Organi-ation is a system of conscious coordinate acti+ities of t$o or more person#
Organi-ation is a planned unit deli"erately structure for t!e purpose of attuning specific
goals#
4+ery organi-ation runs $it! a particular aims !as a structure of
Organi-ation to purpose and infrastructure of management to its primary need to ac!ie+e
t!ose aims and o"jecti+e for $!ic! it came in to "eing B*& !as follo$ing aims and goals#
To !elps country in attuning self@ sufficiency#
To generate employment for local people
In addition to t!ese foll$ining factor are also consider
To $ork $it!in frame$ork of t!e la$s of t!e land#
To look after t!e $ell "eing and $elfare of its employee
To meets certain o"ligation of society of $!ic! it is an indispensa"le part
$6
#R$ Climate B
I-t'odu.tio- :- I/ Ee -eed to /i-d a Eay to deelo2 em2loyee0 i- o'de' to
be.ome e//e.tie .o-t'ibuto'0 to t1e ,oal0 o/ a- o',a-iJatio-3 Ee -eed to
1ae a .lea' ieE o/ E1at a- e//e.tie .o-t'ibutio- Eould look like7 T1e u0e
o/ 2e'0o-al .a2a.itie0 .a- be e'y 1el2/ul i- de0.'ibi-, t1e Eay i- E1i.1 a-
e//e.tie em2loyee 01ould o2e'ate a-d be1ae3 but t1e'e .a- be -o ,e-e'al
2'e0.'i2tio- o/ a- e//e.tie em2loyee7 E//e.tie-e00 Eill di//e' Eit1
o',a-iJatio-al .o-teGt3 a-d o- E1o0e 2e'02e.tie Ee a'e ado2ti-,7 T1e
matte' o/ E1at3 /i-ally3 make0 a- e//e.tie em2loyee i0 a .ombi-atio- o/
2e'0o-ality3 -atu'al .a2abilitie03 deelo2ed 0kill03 eG2e'ie-.e a-d lea'-i-,7
T1e 2'o.e00 o/ e-1a-.i-, a- em2loyeeD0 2'e0e-t a-d /utu'e e//e.tie-e00 i0
.alled deelo2me-t7
Mea-i-, o/ #RN$NClimate
#R mea-0 em2loyee0 i- o',a-i0atio-3 E1o Eo'k to i-.'ea0e t1e 2'o/it /o'
o',a-i0atio-7
$eelo2me-t3 it i0 a.Oui0itio- o/ .a2abilitie0 t1at a'e -eeded to do t1e
2'e0e-t Cob3 o' t1e /utu'e eG2e.ted Cob7
A/te' a-alyJi-, #uma- Re0ou'.e a-d $eelo2me-t Ee .a- 0im2ly 0tated
t1at3 #R$ i0 t1e 2'o.e00 o/ 1el2i-, 2eo2le to a.Oui'e .om2ete-.ie07
Climate3 t1i0 i0 a- oe'all /eeli-, t1at i0 .o-eyed by t1e 21y0i.al layout3 t1e
Eay em2loyee0 i-te'a.t a-d t1e Eay membe'0 o/ t1e o',a-i0atio- .o-du.t
t1em0ele0 Eit1 out0ide'07 "It i0 2'oided by a- o',a-i0atio-7%
O',a-i0atio-al .limate i0 a 0et o/ .1a'a.te'i0ti.0 o/ a- o',a-i0atio- E1i.1
a'e 'e/e''ed i- t1e de0.'i2tio-0 em2loyee0 make o/ t1e 2oli.ie03 2'a.ti.e0
a-d .o-ditio-0 E1i.1 eGi0t i- t1e Eo'ki-, e-i'o-me-t7
$4
Ab'a1am
A- o',a-i0atio- be.ame dy-ami. a-d ,'oEt1 o'ie-ted i/ t1ei' 2eo2le a'e
dy-ami. a-d 2'o-a.tie7 T1'ou,1 2'o2e' 0ele.tio- o/ 2eo2le a-d by
-u'tu'i-, t1ei' dy-ami0m a-d ot1e' .om2ete-.ie0 a- o',a-i0atio- .a-
make t1ei' 2eo2le dy-ami. a-d 2'o-a.tie7 To 0u'ie it i0 e'y e00e-tial /o'
a- o',a-i0atio- to ado2t t1e .1a-,e i- t1e e-i'o-me-t a-d al0o
.o-ti-uou0ly 2'e2a'e t1ei' em2loyee0 to meet t1e .1alle-,e0I t1i0 Eill 1ae
a 2o0itie im2a.t o- t1e o',a-i0atio-7
91at i0 -eeded to $eelo2 O',a-i0atio-al Climate i- O',a-i0atio-
To2 to Bottom e//o't : - O',a-i0atio- i0 .o-0ide'ed to be .om2lete
o',a-i0atio- a/te' i-.ludi-, to2 aut1o'ity to bottom li-e o/ Eo'ke'07 A-d
E1e-ee' Ee talk about deelo2me-t at o',a-i0atio-al leel e//o't i0 -eeded
/'om to2 leel to bottom leel7 To2 aut1o'ity 01ould -ot 1ae t1i-ki-, i-
t1ei' mi-d t1at t1ei' ta0k i0 to o-ly take de.i0io-0 but t1ey 01ould al0o
em21a0iJed o- 2'o2e' im2leme-tatio- o/ de.i0io- by ado2ti-, a'iou0
.o-t'olli-, te.1-iOue7 Bottom leel Eo'ke'0 01ould 1ae loyal mi-d-0et
toEa'd0 t1ei' o',a-i0atio-7 Bottom leel Eo'ke'0 1ae to Eo'k Eit1
dedi.atio-7 T1ey 01ould 1ae 'eali0atio- t1at o',a-i0atio- i0 t1ei'
o',a-i0atio-7
Motiato' 'ole o/ Ma-a,e' a-d Su2e'i0o' : - To 2'e2a'e #uma- Re0ou'.e
$eelo2me-t Climate3 Ma-a,e' a-d Su2e'i0o'D0 'e02o-0ibilitie0 a'e mo'e
o' Ee .a- 0ay t1at t1ey a'e t1e key 2laye'07 Ma-a,e' a-d Su2e'i0o'0 1ae
to 1el2 t1e em2loyee0 to deelo2 t1e .om2ete-.ie0 i- t1e em2loyee07 To
1el2 t1e em2loyee0 at loEe' leel t1ey -eed to u2dated 2'o2e'ly a-d t1ey
-eed to 01a'e t1ei' eG2e'ti0e a-d eG2e'ie-.e Eit1 em2loyee07
8ait1 u2o- em2loyee0 : - I- t1e 2'o.e00 o/ deelo2i-, #R$ Climate
em2loye' 01ould 1ae /ait1 o- it0 em2loyee0 .a2abilitie07 Mea-0 E1atee'
amou-t i0 i-e0ted t1at 01ould be ba0ed o- deelo2me-t o/ em2loyee07 To2
$<
ma-a,eme-t 01ould t'u0t t1e em2loyee0 t1at a/te' maki-, 1u,e e//o't to
deelo2 em2loyee03 em2loyee0 Eill Eo'k /o' t1e Eell bei-, o/ o',a-i0atio-
a-d /o' 1uma- bei-, al0o7
8'ee eG2'e00io- o/ 8eeli-,0 : - 91atee' To2 ma-a,eme-t /eel0 about
em2loyee0 t1ey 1ae to eG2'e00 to em2loyee0 a-d E1atee' em2loyee0
t1i-k about to2 ma-a,eme-t it mu0t be eG2'e00 i- ot1e' Eo'd0 Ee .a- 0ay
t1at t1e'e 01ould -ot be a-yt1i-, 1idde- E1ile .ommu-i.atio- 2'o.e007
Clea' .ommu-i.atio- 2'o.e00 Eill 1el2 to e0tabli01 t1e #R$ Climate7
8eedba.k : - 8eedba.k 01ould be take- 'e,ula'ly to k-oE t1e d'aEba.k0 i-
0y0tem7 T1i0 Eill 1el2 to ,ai- .o-/ide-.e i- em2loyee0 mi-d7 Em2loyee Eill
t'u0t o- ma-a,eme-t a-d 1e .a- eG2'e00 1i0 o2i-io- /'eely E1i.1 i0 e'y
,ood /o' #R$ Climate7 8eedba.k Eill 1el2 to 'emoe t1e Eeak-e007
#el2/ul -atu'e o/ em2loyee0 : - 91e-ee' Ee talk about <))P e//o't t1e- Ee
1ae to talk about em2loyee0 e//o't too7 Natu'e o/ em2loyee0 01ould be
1el2i-, /o' ma-a,eme-t a-d /o' it0 .ollea,ue07 T1ey 01ould be alEay0 'ead
to 1el2 to .u0tome'0 too7
Su22o'tie 2e'0o--el ma-a,eme-t: - &e'0o--el 2oli.ie0 o/ o',a-i0atio-
01ould motiate em2loyee0 to .o-t'ibute mo'e /'om t1ei' 2a't7 To2
ma-a,eme-tD0 21ilo0o21y 01ould be .lea' toEa'd0 #uma- Re0ou'.e a-d it0
Eell bei-, to e-.ou'a,e t1e em2loyee07
E-.ou'a,i-, a-d 'i0k taki-, eG2e'ime-tatio- : - Em2loyee0 01ould be motiated by
,ii-, t1em aut1o'ity to take de.i0io-7 T1i0 .o-.e2t i0 'i0ky but ,'adually it
Eill b'i-, eG2e'ti0e i- em2loyee0 to 1a-dle 0imila' 0ituatio- i- /utu'e7 It Eill
1el2 to deelo2 .o-/ide-.e i- em2loyee0 mi-d7 O',a-i0atio- .a- utiliJe a-d
deelo2 em2loyee0 mo'e by a00i,-i-, 'i0ky ta0k7
60
$i0.ou'a,i-, 0te'eoty2e0 a-d /aou'iti0m : - Ma-a,eme-t -eed to aoid
t1o0e 2'a.ti.e0 E1i.1 lead to /aou'iti0m7 Ma-a,eme-t a-d Ma-a,e'0 -eed
to ,ie eOual im2o'ta-.e7 T1o0e 2eo2le E1o a'e 2e'/o'mi-, ,ood t1ey -eed
to a22'e.iated a-d t1o0e E1o a'e -ot 2e'/o'mi-, ,ood t1ey -eed to be
,uided7 A-y ki-d o/ 2a'tial be1aiou' 01ould be aoided7
Team S2i'it : - T1e'e mu0t be /eeli-, o/ belo-,i-,-e00 amo-, t1e
em2loyee03 a-d al0o Eilli-,-e00 to Eo'k a0 a team7
Com2o-e-t0 o/ #R$ Climate
T1e o',a-iJatio-al .limate .o-0i0t0 o/:-
O',a-i0atio-al St'u.tu'e-
A- o',a-iJatio-D0 0t'u.tu'e i0 a.tually a Q0-a201otD o/ a Eo'k 2'o.e003 /'oJe- i- time
0o t1at it .a- be ieEed7 T1e 0t'u.tu'e e-able0 t1e 2eo2leD0 e-e',y to be
/o.u0ed toEa'd0 2'o.e00 a.1ieeme-t a-d ,oal a.1ieeme-t7 Em2loyee
mu0t 1ae a .lea' de/i-itio- o/ -ot o-ly t1e Eo'k 0t'u.tu'e but al0o t1e 'ole
u0ed to o',a-iJe t1e Eo'k7 I/ t1e 0t'u.tu'e a-d t1e 'ole i0 -ot .lea'3 2eo2le
Eill -ot k-oE E1at t1e Eo'k 2'o.e00 i03 E1o i0 'e02o-0ible /o' E1at3 E1om
to ,o /o' 1el2 a-d de.i0io-3 a-d E1o .a- A00i0t i- 0oli-, 2'oblem0 t1at
may a'i0e7
O',a-i0atio-al Cultu'e-
O',a-i0atio-al .ultu'e i0 t1e 2atte'- o/ belie/03 k-oEled,e3 attitude03 a-d .u0tom0
t1at eGi0t0 Eit1i- a- o',a-i0atio-7 O',a-iJatio-al .ultu'e may 'e0ult i- 2a't
/'om 0e-io' ma-a,eme-t belie/0 o' /'om t1e belie/0 o/ em2loyee07
O',a-iJatio-al .ultu'e .a- be 0u22o'tie o' u-0u22o'tie3 2o0itie o'
-e,atie7 It .a- a//e.t t1e ability o' Eilli-,-e00 o/ em2loyee0 to ada2t o'
2e'/o'm Eell Eit1i- t1e o',a-i0atio-7
61
T1e mo0t e//e.tie Eo'k .ultu'e i0 o-e t1at 0u22o't0 t1e o',a-iJatio-0 #R
0t'ate,ie0 by ali,-i-, be1aio'03 2'o.e00e0 a-d met1od0 Eit1 t1e de0i'ed
'e0ult07 It i0 -ot Cu0t a.1iei-, 'e0ult0 but t1e met1od0 t1'ou,1 E1i.1 t1ey
a'e a.1ieed t1at a'e .'iti.al to lo-,-te'm 0u..e007
Be/o'e a-y #R 0t'ate,y i0 de0i,-ed t1e'e mu0t be a .lea' u-de'0ta-di-, o/
t1e o',a-i0atio-3 it0 .u''e-t alue03 it0 0t'u.tu'e3 it0 2eo2le a0 Eell a0 it0
,oal0 a-d i0io- /o' t1e /utu'e7
#R &'o.e00e0-
T1e #R 0y0tem o/ a- o',a-i0atio- 01ould be .om2'e1e-0ie e-ou,1 to take .a'e o/
em2loyee0 /'om t1e time t1ey Coi- till t1e time t1ey leae #R7 T1ei' dema-d0
mu0t -ot be i,-o'ed3 but a /eeli-, o/ belo-,i-,-e00 be .'eated7 &'o.e00
01ould be e'y .lea' a-d im2a'tial3 0o t1at em2loyeeD0 /ait1 i- o',a-i0atio-7
8'om 'e.'uitme-t to 'eti'eme-t E1ole 2'o.e00 01ould be a..o'di-, to
em2loyee0 eG2e.tatio- a-d ability o/ em2loye'7
Im2o'ta-.e o/ looki-, at t1e o',a-i0atio- .limate a'e:
Looki-, at t1e o',a-iJatio-al .limate3 E1i.1 mea-0 taki-, a .lo0e' look at
E1at i0 1a22e-i-, i- a-d a'ou-d i- t1e #R 0.e-a'io o/ t1e a'iou0
o',a-iJatio-7 It i0 e00e-tial to Eo'k o- be.au0e di'e.tly o' i-di'e.tly t1i0
e-i'o-me-t a//e.t0 t1e o',a-iJatio- a-d t1e em2loyee7
Im2o'ta-.e0 a'e:
R E-i'o-me-tal /a.to'0 o/ #R a'e 2'ime i-/lue-.i-, eleme-t0 o/ .1a-,e i- #R
0t'ate,y7
62
R It ,ie0 #R 2'o/e00io-al0 time to a-ti.i2ate o22o'tu-itie0 i- #R a'ea a-d
time to 2la- o2tio-al 'e02o-0e0 to t1e0e o22o'tu-itie07
R It 1el20 #R 2'o/e00io-al0 to deelo2 a- ea'ly Ea'-i-, 0y0tem to 2'ee-t
t1'eat0 eme',i-, out /'om #R 0.e-a'io3 o' to deelo2 0t'ate,ie03 E1i.1 .a-
tu'- a t1'eat7
R It /o'm0 a ba0i0 o/ ali,-i-, t1e o',a-i0atio- 0t'e-,t10 to t1e .1a-,e0 i-
t1e e-i'o-me-t7
R It e-able0 t1e e-t'y o/ t1e late0t -atio-alLi-te'-atio-al #R deelo2me-t07
Mea0u'i-, #R$ Climate E.o-omi. .o-ditio- B
A- o',a-i0atio-D0 e.o-omi. .o-ditio- i-/lue-.e0 it0 .ultu'e i- 0ee'al Eay07
T1e mo'e 2'o02e'ou0 a- o',a-i0atio- i0 t1e mo'e it .a- a//o'd to 02e-d o-
'e0ea'.1 a-d t1e mo'e it .a- a//o'd to 'i0k a-d be ade-tu'ou07
Leade'01i2 Style : -
A- o',a-i0atio- leade'01i2 0tyle 2lay0 a 2'o/ou-d 'ole i- dete'mi-i-, 0ee'al
a02e.t0 o/ it0 .ultu'e7 A- aut1o'ita'ia- 0tyle may make t1e o',a-i0atio-D0
.ultu'e .1a'a.te'iJed by 1i,1 2o0itio- 0t'u.tu'e3 loE i-diidual auto-omy3
loE 'eEa'd o'ie-tatio-3 loE Ea'mt1 a-d 0u22o't a-d 0o o-3 o' it may be
o22o0ite3 like ,oal di'e.ted leade'01i27
Ma-a,e'ial a00um2tio- about 1uma- -atu'e : -
Ee'y a.t o- t1e 2a't o/ t1e ma-a,eme-t t1at i-ole0 1uma- bei-,0 i0 2'edi.ated
u2o- a00um2tio-03 ,e-e'aliJatio-0 a-d 1y2ot1e0e0 'elati-, to 1uma-
63
be1aiou'7 T1e'e a'e tEo t1eo'ie0 o/ be1aiou' "T1eo'y : a-d T1eo'y 6%7
Ma-a,e'ial alue0 a-d et1o0 : -
T1e /eeli-, o/ ma-a,e'0 about -o'm0 a-d alue0 E1at i0 ,ood a-d E1at i0 2oo' a0
ma-a,eme-t 2'a.ti.e7 T1e'e a'e /eE dime-0io-0 o- E1i.1 it .a- be
.1e.ked7 T1ey a'e B 0el/-aEa'e-e003 'i0k-taki-,3 2a'ti.i2atio-3 bu'eau.'a.y3
eOuity3 em2loyeeD0 0e.u'ity a-d ,'oEt17
O',a-i0atio- 0iJe : -
A- 0mall o',a-iJatio-0 t1e'e a'e /eE leel0 o/ ma-a,eme-t3 t1e0e a'e ,e-e'ally mo'e
ame-able to demo.'ati. a-d 2a'ti.i2atie /u-.tio-i-, t1a- bi,
o',a-i0atio-07 Mo'e o2e- .ommu-i.atio- 0y0tem i- 0mall o',a-i0atio-07
#e-.e t1e0e o',a-i0atio-0 1ae a di//e'e-t ty2e o/ .limate t1a- E1at a'e i-
bi, o',a-iJatio-07
64
ORGANI/ATIONAL CLIMATE
4+ery organi-ation !as some c!aracteristics $!ic! are common $it! any ot!er
organi-ation# At t!e same time. eac! organi-ation !as its uniJue set of c!aracteristics
and properties# T!is psyc!ological structure of organi-ation and t!eir su"units is usually
referred to as organi-ation culture#
*ulture can "e defined as t!e cumulati+e "eliefs. +alues G assumptions. underlying
transaction $it! nature and an important p!enomenon#
Organi-ation climate represents a common perception !eld "y t!e organi-ations
mem"ers#
An organi-ations culture does not pop out of t!eir air# Once esta"lis!ed. it really
fades a$ay# An organi-ations current customs. traditions and general $ay of
doing t!ings are largely due to $!at it !ad done "efore and t!e degree of
success it !as !ad $it! t!ose endea+ors# T!is leads to t!e ultimate source of an
organi-ations culture7
&e!initi"n "! "r%ani0ati"n 'imate12
A) Organi-ational climate is relati+ely enduring Juality of t!e internal en+ironment t!at is
e1perienced "y t!e mem"ers. influences t!eir "e!a+iour. and can "e descri"ed in terms
of +alues of a particular set of c!aracteristics of t!e organi-ation7
Renat" Tan%iuri
65
B) Organi-ational climate is t!e set of c!aracteristics t!at descri"e an organi-ation Gt!at@
Distinguis! one organi-ation from ot!er organi-ations#
Are relati+ely enduring o+ertime. and
Influence t!e "e!a+iour of t!e people in t!e organi-ation#
3"re#and 4 Gimer
Organi-ation climate is t!e percei+ed aspect of an organi-ation internal en+ironment. "ut
$it!in t!e same organi-ation. t!ere may "e +ery different climates# T!is mig!t !appen
"ecause people $it! different lengt! of e1perience or at different le+els of organi-ation
!ierarc!y. may percei+e internal en+ironment of an organi-ation differently# Personal
c!aracteristics suc! as +alues. needs. attitudes and e1pectations determine t!e manner in
$!ic! an indi+idual is likely to percei+e to +arious aspects of t!e internal $orking
en+ironment of t!e organi-ation#
$IMENSION O8 ORGANISATION CLIMATE
Interpersonal relations!ip
*ommunication
Decision making and delegation
Trust G coordination
Performance appraisal re$ard system
Inno+ation and c!ange
Training and de+elopment
&elfare and "enefit
Satisfaction le+el
&orking condition
6$

<7 INTER&ERSONAL RELETIONS#I&
T!is refer to e1tent of stimulation and support recei+ed "y an indi+idual from ot!er
organi-ation mem"er #in ot!er $ords .if t!ere is a sense of team spirit among t!e mem"er
of an organi-ation climate is likely to "e percei+ed as consideration .$arm and supporti+e#
(7 COMM;NICATION
*ommunication means t!e transference and understanding of meaning #it is concerned $it!
t!e flo$ of information #its concerned $it! flo$ of information #its mode'formal or
informal)and its type'instruction or feed"ack on t!e state affairs)
(ood communication among t!e employee in an organi-ation is must# It !elps in
transparent $orking of t!e organi-ation#
=7 S;&ER5ISION
66
Super+ision practice contri"utes significantly to climate and atmosp!ere# If super+isory
focus on !elping t!eir su"ordinates to impro+e personal skills and c!ance of
ad+ancement #if super+isors are more concerned $it! maintaining good relation $it! t!eir
juniors c!aracteri-ed "y t!e affiliation moti+e may result#
>7 $ECISION MA4ING AN$ $ELEGATION
Decision is t!e c!oice made from among t$o or more alternati+es #decision making occurs
as a reaction to a pro"lem #top managers determine t!eir organi-ation goal. $!at products
or ser+ice to offer .!o$ "est to finance operation .or $!ere to locate a ne$ manufacturing
plant #middle and lo$er le+el managers determine production sc!edules .select ne$
employee and decide !o$ pay raise s are to "e allocated #non managerial employee also
make decision t!at affect t!eir jo"s and organi-ation for $!ic! t!ey $ork#
An organi-ation approac! to decision making can "e focused on maintaining good
relations or ac!ie+ing results# In addition. t!e issue of $!o makes t!e decision is importantM
it could "e people !ig! in t!e !ierarc!y. e1perts. t!ose in+ol+ed in t!e matters a"out $!ic!
decision are made# T!ese elements of decision making are rele+ant to t!e esta"lis!ment of
t!e particular climate or atmosp!ere#
?7 TR;ST
Trust is a positi+e e1pectation t!at anot!er $ill not act opportunistically #people in
organi-ation need to !a+e positi+e e1pectation t!at ot!er $ill not take ad+antage of t!em#
T!e important of trust increased under condition of c!ange and insta"ility# &!en rules.
policies. norms and traditional practices are flu1 or a"sent. people turn to personal
relations!ips for guidance #and t!e Juality of t!ese relations!ips is largely determined "y
le+el of trust#
T'u0t dime-0io-0
Integrity
*ompetence
*onsistency
7oyalty
64
Openness

T!e degree of trust or its a"sences among +arious mem"ers and groups in t!e
organi-ation affect t!e climate#
@7 RECOGNISATION AN$ RE9AR$ S6STEM
T!is refers to t!e degree to $!ic! an organi-ation re$ards an indi+idual for !ard $ork
and ac!ie+ements #an organi-ation $!ic! orient people to perform "etter and re$ard
t!em for doing so t!at organi-ation climate c!aracteri-ed "y !ig! re$ard orientation#
Primary uses of performance e+aluation
*ompensation
Performance feed"ack
Training
Promotion
,uman resource planning
Retentiondisc!arge
researc!
A fair and just re$ard system !elps in esta"lis!ing a !ealt!y organi-ation climate#
*7 INNO5ATION AN$ C#ANGE
Inno+ation is a ne$ idea applied or impro+ing a product. process or ser+ice# *!ange refers
to making t!ings different #inno+ation is a more speciali-ed kind of c!ange# Successful
organi-ation must foster inno+ation and master t!e art of c!ange or t!ey $ill "ecome
candidate of e1tinction# 8ictory goes to t!ose organi-ation t!at maintain t!eir fle1i"ility.
6<
continually impro+e t!eir Juality .and "eat t!eir competition to t!e market place $it! a
constant stream of inno+ation product and ser+ices#
An organi-ation employee can "e impetus for inno+ation and
c!ange or t!ey can "e major stum"ling "lock# t!e major c!allenge for managers is to
stimulate employee creati+ity and tolerance for c!ange#
A7 TRAINING AN$ $E5ELO&MENT
4mployee training and de+elopment is not only an acti+ity t!at is desira"le "ut also an
acti+ity t!at an organi-ation must commit resources to if it is to maintain a +ia"le and
kno$ledgea"le $orkforce#
Training and de+elopment of employee is one of t!e
fundamental operati+e functions of ,UMA% R4SOUR*4S MA%A(4M4%T#
+7 9EL8ARE AN$ BENE8ITS
All t!e facilities and "enefits may "e monetary or fringe pro+ided to t!e employee and
t!eir families !as a positi+e effect on t!e organi-ation climate#
If t!e employee is satisfied $it! it t!en !e $orks $it! more
ent!usiasm and !ence s!o$ !ealt!y climate#

<)7 SATIS8ACTION LE5EL

Satisfaction of employee is e1tremely impotent in deciding t!e climate of t!e
organi-ation #if t!e employee like t!e kind of $ork !e do and !e is satisfied $it! all t!e
facilities .opportunity etc pro+ided in t!e organi-ation t!en !e !elps in esta"lis!ing !ealt!
40
41
RESEARCH
METHODOLOGY
Re0ea'.1 met1odolo,y
=7< Title o/ t1e 0tudy:
T!e title of researc! is /0tudy o/ o',a-iJatio- .limate0# I studied and analy-ed
+arious dimensions of t!e organi-ation climate 'inter personnel relations!ip.
communication. trust reorgani-ation super+ision. $elfare "enefits. decision making and
delegation. inno+ation. c!ange etc#) I also studied t!at !o$ e1perience affect
employeeKs +ie$ to$ards reorgani-ation and re$ard system#
=7( $u'atio- o/ t1e 2'oCe.t:

T!e duration of my project $as />? day07
=7= ObCe.tie o/ t1e 0tudy:
'7 study the climate of the organi1ation#
'o study the type of organi1ation culture pre%ailing#
'o recommended way or means to impro%e organi1ation al climate based on
the detailed analysis of data gathered#
'o complete this pro*ect as re:uired for the partial fulfillment of the
>&0'=? 3=+?== I@ ,)0I@=00 &3>I@I0'?&'I7@#
=7> Ty2e o/ 'e0ea'.1:
T!e type of researc! used is0 /ield 0tudy# Eield study is a met!od $!ic! in+ol+es direct
study of field situation# It is a t!oroug! account of processes under in+estigation# In field
study met!od su"jects are o"ser+ed under t!eir usual en+ironmental conditions of life
rat!er t!an under la"oratory conditions#
42
=7? Sam2le 0iJe a-d met1od o/ 0ele.ti-, 0am2le:
Ra-dom 0am2li-, met1od $as used# T!e respondent $as identified from almost
eac! department of t!e organi-ation#
T!e study included (eneral Manager. D(M. Sr manager. Asstt# Manager. Sr# officers.
officers. asstt# Officers. and clerk# I took a sample of0 @) em2loyee07
=7@ S.o2e o/ t1e 0tudy:
T!e scope of t!e study $as to collect information from t!e employee of different
departments of t!e organi-ation. in order to make t!e study as representati+e as
possi"le #t!e researc!ers distri"uted >C Juestionnaires and collected "ack =D
Juestionnaire#
43
T!e sample of different departments comprised of t!e follo$ing#
S7NO $E&ARTMENT &ARTICI&ANT
D# Production >
:# 4ngineering A
;# 4lectrical instrument A
<# Purc!ase =
=# Sales Gmarketing =
># Accounts ;
A# (eneral administration ;
?# Ta1.41cies .Ginsurance :
B# 7egal ;
DC# Security D
DD# Packing ;
D:# Ra$ material :
D;# Stores D
D<# Personnel G$elfare ;
D=# ,RD @
D># Information system @
44
'&,(= 3#1

45
E:EC;TION O8 T#E &RO!ECT
a%7 &RESENTING AN$ A$MINISTRATION O8 T#E K;ESITIONNARIE:
To determine t!e strengt! and $eakness of t!e Juestionnaire it $as prTt tested and
"ased on t!e result of t!e presenting some of t!e Juestion $ere dropped. modified and
some ot!er $ere included #t!e Juestionnaire $ere administered to respondent
personally# T!e entire respondent $as assured t!at t!en information supplied "y t!em
$ould "e kept strictly confidential#
b%7 &ROC$;RE O8 $ATA COLLECTION:
In order to get full response follo$ing steps $ere follo$edM
T!e respondent $ere so identified t!at people of all le+els in a department are
gi+en t!e Juestionnaire#
T!e Juestionnaire $as gi+en personally to all t!e respondent and t!e
Juestionnaires $ere collected "ack "y t!e same process#
I spent t!ree $eeks in collecting t!e secondary data from different department#
Some information a"out t!e company and climate o"tained from primary data#
.%7 ANAL6SIS O8 T#E $ATA COLLECTE$:-
I complied and analy-ed t!e collected data grap!ically and esta"lis!ed trends like
e1perience $ise trend. percentage contri"ution etc# and disco+ered t!e relations
"et$een different data# And dra$ out inferences "ased on t!e analysis#

4$
=7* Limitatio-0 o/ t1e 0tudy:
As I took t!e project $!ic! !ad a "road scope identification of organi-ation climate
can ne+er "e perfect or a"solute not it can entirely o"jecti+e as it $ould al$ays entail
closest e1amination of $!ate+er e+idence is a+aila"le "y $ay of t!e impact of "e!a+ior of
t!e employees# T!e study is "ased on t!e +ie$s or t!e opinions as e1pressed "y t!e
employees# T!erefore result may +ary as t!e opinions can "e "iased or not e1pressed
intentionally# Also due to time constraint. a detailed study of all t!e dimensions $as not
possi"le# ,o$e+er I tried to co+er as muc! I could in t!e desired time#
T!e major !urdles t!at I came across $ere N
DU T!e organisation $as +ery "ig. so I could not co+er e+ery part of it#
:U A major constraint $as t!e time duration as it $as just > $eeks. t!erefore I $as not a"le
to do a in dept! study of t!e topic#
46
C7@C()0I7@

44
FACTS
AND
FINDINGS
8IN$INGS
T1e mai- /i-di-,0 o/ 0tudy a'e:
T!e responses from t!e selected samples suggest t!at climate of t!e organi-ation is
considerate. $arm. and supporti+e# Most of t!e employeeKs feel t!at t!eir suggestion is not
only $elcomed "ut accepted and implemented "y management. t!e employees are also
pro+ided $it! adeJuate information relating to t!eir task# T!e organi-ation climate is suc!
t!at it encourages employees to de+elop ne$ $orking tec!niJues and skills# T!e re$ard
system of t!e organi-ation is fair and un"iased#
T!e company also pro+ides adeJuate $elfare facilities to employees and t!eir families and
gi+es future assurance "y pro+iding adeJuate retirement "enefits in t!e form of
superannuation fund or employment to ot!er family mem"ers of t!e decreased ones#
T!e $ork culture is also +ery good as most of t!e respondents say t!at super+isors take
acti+e interest in t!eir juniors and pro+ide periodic feed"ack#
4<
<0
DATA ANALYSIS
&
INTERPRETATIONS
&ATA ANAL5SIS AN& INTER-RETATION
SAQstrongly agree AQAgree UQUncertain
DQDisagree SDQStrongly disagree
<% T1e em2loyee0 1ae a 1i,1 .o-.e'- to o-e a-ot1e' a-d te-d to 1el2 o-e
a-ot1e' E1e- 0u.1 1el2 i0 -eededS
S7NO7 O&TIONS RES&ONSE IN
NO7
RES&ONSE IN
P
A) SA DA ;;
B) A ;: >;
*) U D D#B>
D) D C C
4) SD D D#B>
=D DCC
<1
;;H
>;H
:H
CH
:H
SA A U D SD
'&,(= 5#1
T!e analysis of ta"le@D s!o$s t!at t!e o+erall perception of t!e employees is !ig!ly
positi+e#
Out of =D employees ;:'>:#A=H) employees agree t!at t!ey !a+e concern for eac! G
tend to !elp one anot!er $!en suc! !elp is needed#
;;#;;H strongly agree $it! t!is +ie$.D#B>H respondent e uncertain a"out it and D#B>H
are strongly disagree "y t!is statement G no one disagree#

<2
:) T!e employeeKs suggestion is $elcomed accepted and implemented "y managementV
S7NO7 O&TIONS RES&ONSE IN
NO7
RES&ONSE IN P
A) SA D= :B#<D
B) A :? =<#B
*) U < A#?<
D) D ; =#??
4) SD D D#B>
TOTA7 =D DCC
D=. :BH
:?. ==H
<. ?H
;. >H
D. :H
SA
A
U
D
SD

4mployees suggestions are accepted and implemented statement
agreed "y :?':B#<DH).D=':B#<DH) are strongly agree GD'D#B>H) is strongly disagree#
<'A#?<H) are uncertain $it! t!e statement G;'=#??H) are disagree $it! t!eir +ie$#

<3
'&,(= 5#2
;) T!e employees !a+e adeJuate information relating to t!eir taskV
S7NO7 O&TIONS RES&ONSE IN
NO7
RES&ONSE IN P
A) SA DC DB#>D
B) A ;C =?#?:
*) U ? D=#>B
D) D ; =#??
4) SD C C
TOTA7 =D DCC
:CH
=?H
D>H
>H CH
SA A U D SD
Regular information relating to t!eir task is a+aila"le to t!e employees agreed "y
;C'=?#?:H) and disagreed "y ;'=#??H) employees#
DC'DB#>DH) employees strongly agree G ?'D=#>BH) are uncertain $it! !e statement#
<4
'&,(= 5#3
<) T!e employees are encouraged to de+elop ne$ $orking tec!niJuesskillsV
S7NO7 O&TIONS RES&ONSE IN
NO7
RES&ONSE IN
P
A) SA D= :B#<D
B) A :B =>#?>
*) U = B#?
D) D C C
4) SD : ;#B:
TOTA7 =D DCC

:BH
=AH
DCH
CH
<H
SA A U D SD
/4mployees are encouraged to de+elop ne$ skills0 t!is statement agreed "y :B'=AH).
D=':BH) are strongly agree G ='DCH) are uncertain only. :'<H) are strongly disagree#
T!ere are no one disagree employees so t!ere are good de+elopment programme#
<5
'&,(= 5#4
=) T!e employees !a+e sense of co@operation and trust among t!emV
S7NO7 O&TIONS RES&ONSE IN
NO7
RES&ONSE IN P
A) SA D= :B#<D
B) A ;D >C#A?
*) U ; =#??
D) D D D#B>
4) SD D D#B>
TOTA7 =D DCC


:BH
>DH
>H
:H:H
SA A U D SD
;D'>DH) of employees !a+e a sense of co@operation and trust among eac! ot!er.
D=':BH) are strongly agree $it! it G;'>H) are uncertain. only D':H) are disagree# So
t!ere is good co@ordination among employees#
<$
'&,(= 5#5
>) T!e re$ard system of t!e organi-ation is fair and just not influenced "y fa+oritismV
S7NO7 O&TIONS RES&ONSE IN
NO7
RES&ONSE IN P
A) SA DC :C
B) A :> =C
*) U DD ::
D) D : <
4) SD : <
TOTA7 =D DCC
:CH
=CH
::H
<H
<H
SA A U D SD
:>'=CH) employees t!ink t!at re$ard system is fair and just not influenced "y
fa+oritism. DC':CH) are strongly agree. DD'::H) are uncertain and :'<H) are strongly
disagree and disagree#
<6
'&,(= 5#$
A) T!e company pro+ides adeJuate $elfare facilities to employees and t!eir familiesV
S7NO7 O&TIONS RES&ONSE IN
NO7
RES&ONSE IN P
A) SA D: :<
B) A :> =D
*) U B DA
D) D ; >
4) SD D :
TOTA7 =D DCC
:<H
=CH
D?H
>H
:H
SA A U D SD
:>'=CH) of employees agree $it! t!e statement t!at adeJuate $elfare facilities are
pro+ided to t!em and t!eir family mem"ers D:':<H) are strongly agree. B'D?H) are
uncertain G ;'>H) are disagree $it! t!e statement#
<4
'&,(= 5#6
?) T!e loyalty is re$arded more t!an anyt!ing elseV

S7NO7 O&TIONS RES&ONSE IN
NO7
RES&ONSE IN P
A) SA DD :D
B) A :B =A
*) U ? D>
D) D ; >
4) SD C C
TOTA7 =D DCC
:DH
=AH
D>H
>H
CH
SA A U D SD
:B'=>H) employees are agree $it! t!is statement G DD'::H) are strongly agree. ?'D>H)
are uncertain a"out t!is G only ;'>H) are disagree $it! t!e statement# O+erall t!ere are
loyalty is re$arded more t!an anyt!ing else#
<<
'&,(= 5#4
B) T!e company pro+ides adeJuate retirement "enefits in t!e form of superannuation fund
or employment to ot!er family mem"ers of t!e decreased onesV
S7NO7 O&TIONS RES&ONSE IN
NO7
RES&ONSE IN P
A) SA DB ;A
B) A :: <;
*) U A D<
D) D ; >
4) SD C C
TOTA7 =D DCC
;AH
<;H
D<H
>H CH
SA A U D SD
::'<;H) respondents are agree t!at retirement "enefits are gi+en to t!em G DB';AH) are
strongly agree. A'D<H) are uncertain $it! t!e statement# Only ;'>H) are disagree $it! t!e
statement#
100
'&,(= 5#<
DC) T!e managers $it! reacti+e ideas are al$ays appreciated in t!is companyV
S7NO7 O&TIONS RES&ONSE IN
NO7
RES&ONSE IN P
A) SA ? D>
B) A :A =;
*) U DC DB
D) D ; >
4) SD ; >
TOTA7 =D DCC
D>H
=:H
:CH
>H
>H
SA A U D SD
:A'=AH) of respondents "elie+e t!at manager $it! reacti+e ideas are al$ays appreciated in
t!is company G ?'D>H) respondents are strongly agree. DC':CH) are uncertain a"out it G
;'>H) are strongly disagree. disagree
#
DD) T!e super+isors take acti+e interest in t!eir junior and pro+ide periodic feed"ack to
t!em a"out key performanceV
101
'&,(= 5#10
S7NO7 O&TIONS RES&ONSE IN
NO7
RES&ONSE IN P
A) SA D: :<
B) A :B =>
*) U B D?
D) D D :
4) SD C C
TOTA7 =D DCC
:<H
=>H
D?H
:H
CH
SA A U D SD
:B''=>H) of t!e respondents agree $it! t!e statement t!at superiors take acti+e interest in
t!em and pro+ide periodic feed"ack a"out t!eir key performance# D:':<H) are strongly
agree B'D?H) are uncertain a"out it# And only D'D:H) are disagree $it! it#
102
'&,(= 5#11
D:) /Are you proud to "e associated $it! B*&0V
S7NO7 O&TIONS RES&ONSE IN
NO7
RES&ONSE IN P
A) SA :A =;
B) A :D <D
*) U : <
D) D D :
4) SD C C
TOTA7 =D DCC

=;H <DH
<H
:H
CH
SA A U D SD
Majority of employees are proud to "e associated $it! B*&# :A'=;H) are strongly agree
$it! it G :D'<DH) are agree $it! t!is statement. :'<H) are uncertain a"out it G only one
respondent is disagree $it! t!is statement#
103
'&,(= 5#12
104
SWOT ANALYSIS
STRENGTHS
Strong Tie Up
Brand 4Juity
Strong %et$ork
,uge *ustomer Data"ase
Strong Einancial Base
WEAKNESS
7o$ *ustomer A$areness
7ess Promotion
Untouc!ed Rural Population
O--,RT,NITIES
%et$ork Building
Targeting t!e Rural Segment
THREATS
*ompetitors#
Easter Turno+er of 4mployees
105
10$
CONCLUSION
CONCL;SION
Analysis of data re+els t!at climate of t!e organi-ation is considerate. $arm. and
supporti+e#
>;H of t!e respondents agree t!at t!ey !elp one anot!er and !a+e concern for eac!
ot!er#
=BH of t!e employees agree t!at adeJuate information is pro+iding to t!em relating
to t!eir task $!ic! reflects t!e effecti+e communication# A +ery fe$ no# of students
are uncertain regarding t!e effecti+eness of communication G pointed out to$ards
t!e communication gap e1isting in t!e organi-ation#
BCH of t!e respondents !a+e co@operation and trust among t!em# T!is s!o$s t!at
t!e majority of t!e employees e1pectation t!at ot!ers $ill not act opportunistically
and take ad+antage of t!em#
4mployee is allo$ed to e1periment $it! ne$ ideas an management response is also
positi+e#
A"out A?H of t!e respondents feel t!at loyalty is re$arded more t!an anyt!ing else#
T!is s!o$s t!at loyalty is present in t!e organi-ation#
A<Hemployess is satisfied $it! t!e $elfare facilities and "enefit pro+ided to t!em
and t!eir families as $ell#
?:Hof t!e respondent are satisfied $it! $orking condition pro+ided to t!e employee
are safe. !ealt! and pleasant#
106
Respondents !a+ing e1perience of DC@D= years are not muc! satisfied $it! t!e
re$ard system pro+ides a clear understanding to employees# T!e efforts of
management to identify potential of employees are not sufficient#
Majority of t!e respondent like t!e kind of $ork do and all are proud to "e associated
$it! B*&
104

10<
RECOMMENDATIONS
&
SUGGESTIONS
RECOMMEN$ATIONS AN$ S;GGESTIONS

Superior s!ould focus in !elping t!eir su"ordinate to impro+e personnel skills and
c!ance of ad+ancement #t!ey s!ould try to maintain good relations!ip $it! t!eir
su"ordinate#
To induce delegation follo$ing steps s!ould "e taken "y top management#
Indicate t!at t!e de+elopment of su"ordinates is an important task $!ic! $ill
"e canted in managerial performance#
*reating an atmosp!ere of tolerance to$ards errors if t!ey result t!roug!
delegation and contri"ute to su"ordinate de+elopment#
Inducing a sense of security for indi+idual managers "y periodic counseling
and e+aluating managerial performance#
T!eir s!ould "e an interdepartmental meet once in a mont! to "uild trust among t!e
employees#
A staff meet s!ould "e organi-ed eit!er once in a mont! or once in t$o mont!# It
creates an en+ironment of openness and "uilt trust among t!e employee and t!e top
management#
*ommunication is +ery important in function and sur+i+al of t!e organi-ation #face@
lifting a t$o $ay communication do$n$ard and up$ard supplemented $it! feed"ack
can $ork out $onders#
Management e1pectation from t!e $orkers s!ould "e communicated to t!e $orkers
so t!at t!ey can t!ey can identify $it! organi-ation mission# T!e faculty of
communication ideas. opinions. suggestion and grie+ance to t!e super+isor s!ould
"e pro+ided to t!e $orkers so t!at t!ey feel free in e1pressing t!emsel+es #t!is also
incites a feeling of "elongings among t!em#
T!eir frank opinion and indi+idual +ie$s s!all "e kept secret and $ill "e used only to
deri+e result to sur+ey and for and personnel grudges#
110
Einally. I $ould like to recommended t!e top management t!at "efore conducting
any sur+ey t!ey s!ould gi+e t!eir assurance to all t!e employees t!at t!ey $ill not
suffer for gi+ing t!eir frank
opinion and t!eir indi+idual +ie$s s!all "e kept secret and $ill used only to deri+e result
of t!e sur+ey and not for any personnel grudges#
111
112
APPENDIX
A&&EN$I:
+7< K;ESTIONNARIE:
BIRLA CEMENT 9OR4S
A ST;$6 O8 ORGANIZATION CLIMATE
%AM4M
A(4M
4DU*ATIO%M
D4SI(ATIO%M
&OR2 46P4RI4%*4M
PR48IOUS 46P4RI4%*4M
Please tick ' ) t!e follo$ing statement appropriately
SAQstrongly agree AQAgree UQUncertain
DQDisagree SDQStrongly disagree
D# T!e employees !a+e a !ig! concern for one anot!er and tend to !elp one anot!er $!en
suc! !elp is needed
'a) SA '") A 'c) U 'd) D 'e) SD
:# T!e employees recei+e adeJuate information#
'a) SA '") A 'c) U 'd) D 'e) SD
;# T!e employeeKs suggestions are $elcomed accepted and implemented "y management#
'a) SA '") A 'c) U 'd) D 'e) SD
<# T!e employees !a+e adeJuate information relating to t!eir task#
'a) SA '") A 'c) U 'd) D 'e) SD
=# T!e employees do not !esitate to discuss t!eir personal pro"lems $it! t!eir superiors.
colleagues G su"ordinates#
'a) SA '") A 'c) U 'd) D 'e) SD
113
># T!e super+isors gi+e more emp!asis on duties and performance#
'a) SA '") A 'c) U 'd) D 'e) SD
A# T!e employees are encouraged to de+elop ne$ $orking tec!niJuesskills#
'a) SA '") A 'c) U 'd) D 'e) SD
?# T!e employees !a+e sense of co@operation and trust among t!em#
'a) SA '") A 'c) U 'd) D 'e) SD
B# T!e re$ard system of t!e organi-ation fair and just not influenced "y fa+oritism#
'a) SA '") A 'c) U 'd) D 'e) SD
DC#T!e company pro+ides adeJuate $elfare facilities to its employees and t!eir families#
'a) SA '") A 'c) U 'd) D 'e) SD
DD#T!e loyalty is re$arded more t!an anyt!ing else#
'a) SA '") A 'c) U 'd) D 'e) SD
D:# T!e $orking conditions pro+ided to t!e employees are safe. !ealt!y G pleasant#
'a) SA '") A 'c) U 'd) D 'e) SD
D;# T!e company pro+ides adeJuate retirement "enefits in t!e form of super nation fund or
employment to ot!er family mem"ers of t!e decreased ones#
'a) SA '") A 'c) U 'd) D 'e) SD
D<# T!e company appoints manager officers strictly on "asis of merit#
'a) SA '") A 'c) U 'd) D 'e) SD
D=#T!e manager $it! reacti+e ideas are al$ays appreciated in t!is company#
'a) SA '") A 'c) U 'd) D 'e) SD
D># T!e super+isors take acti+e interest in t!eir junior and pro+ide periodic feed"ack to
t!em a"out t!eir key performance#
'a) SA '") A 'c) U 'd) D 'e) SD
DA# /Are you proud to "e associated $it! B*&0V
'a) SA '") A 'c) U 'd) D 'e) SD
D?# (i+e your suggestion on organi-ational climate of B*&#
SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS#
SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS#
SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS##
SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS##
SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS##
114
+7( LIST O8 TABLES
TABLE NO7
TITLE O8 T#E TABLE
&AGE NO7
D#D
*4M4%T STASTI*TI*S
D#:
R4(IO%&IS4 *APA*IT9
:#D
PRODU*TS G BRA%DS OE
B*&
:#:
R4(IO% &IS4 *APA*IT9 OE
B*&
;#D
SAMP74S OE DIEE4R4%T
D4PARTM4%TS
=#D
DATA A%A79SIS TAB74 D
=#:
DATA A%A79SIS TAB74 :
=#;
DATA A%A79SIS TAB74 ;
=#<
DATA A%A79SIS TAB74 <
=#=
DATA A%A79SIS TAB74 =
=#>
DATA A%A79SIS TAB74 >
=#A
DATA A%A79SIS TAB74 A
=#?
DATA A%A79SIS TAB74 ?
=#B
DATA A%A79SIS TAB74 B
=#DC
DATA A%A79SIS TAB74 DC
=#DD
DATA A%A79SIS TAB74 DD
=#D:
DATA A%A79SIS TAB74 D:
115
11$
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BIBLIOGRA&#6

SERIAL N;MBER NAME O8 T#E BOO4 A;T#ORS
<7 ,RD Missionary T#8 RAO
(7 Organi-ation "e!a+ior Ro""ins
=7 ,uman Relations at &ork 2eit! Da+is
>7 ,uman Resources
Management
As!$at!!apa
?7 Researc! Met!odology Ram A!uja
116