Hng dn tnh ton bng ti

Nguyn Vn D - 2011

M u
Ti liu ny c bin tp t cc hng dn tnh ton bng ti sau y:

Bridgestone, Conveyor Belt Design Manual;

Funner Dunlop, Conveyor Handbook
Funner Dunlop, Selecting the Proper Conveyor Belt;
CSMA, Belt Conveyors for Bulk Materials.

Ni dung c tm lc nhm tr gip qu trnh tnh ton c kh la chn cc

thnh phn chnh ca mt h thng bng ti. Cc ni dung tnh ton c trnh by y bao
gm:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Xc nh chiu rng bng ti;

Xc nh vn tc bng ti;
Tnh ton cng sut dn ng bng ti;
Tnh lc ko phn b trn dy bng ti;
La chn dy bng ti;
Xc nh kt cu v cch b tr cc puly, con ln.

Cc ni dung c trnh by theo th t sau.

Ni dung........................................................................................................................... Trang
M u .......................................................................................................................................1
1. Gii thiu cc thut ng.........................................................................................................2
2. rng ti thiu bng ti ......................................................................................................4
3. Gc nng/ h ca bng ti......................................................................................................4
4. Vn tc bng ti .....................................................................................................................5
4.1. Din tch mt ct ngang dng chy.................................................................................7
4.2. Gc mi...........................................................................................................................7
4.3. Khi lng ring tnh ton..............................................................................................8
4.4. H s nh hng ca dc bng ti .............................................................................9
5. Tnh ton cng sut truyn dn bng ti ................................................................................9
6. Lc cng dy bng ti ..........................................................................................................13
6.1. Tnh ton thng thng.................................................................................................13
6.2. Tnh ton bng ti nhiu pu-ly truyn dn ....................................................................17
7. Tnh chn dy bng ti.........................................................................................................22
8. Cu trc h thng bng ti ...................................................................................................24
8.1. Xc nh ng knh puly ............................................................................................24
8.2. Kt cu puly ..................................................................................................................26
8.2. Khong cch gia cc con ln.......................................................................................26
Ti liu tham kho ...................................................................................................................30

Hng dn tnh ton bng ti

Nguyn Vn D - 2011

1. Gii thiu cc thut ng

Cc chi tit quan trng ca mt h thng bng ti c minh ha trn hnh 1.

Hnh 1. Cu trc mt h bng ti

- Tail pulley: pu-ly pha sau;
- Feed chute: mng cp vt phm
- Loading skirt: vng cp vt phm ln bng ti
- Tripper: C cu gt vt phm
- Head pulley and drive: Pu ly pha trc kim dn ng
- Discharge chute: mng nh vt phm
- Snub and bend pulley: puly cng v dn hng bng ti
- Return idler: con ln nhnh quay v (nhnh khng lm vic)
- Carrying idler: con ln nhnh mang ti
- Troughing carrying idler: con ln to mng

C th hnh dung bng ti nh mt b truyn ai c kch thc ln. Cc vt phm cn

vn chuyn c trc tip ln dy bng ti hoc c ng gi, hoc ng trong cc
thng gn c nh trn bng ti (Bucket conveyor).
Bng ti c dng vn chuyn khi lng vt liu ln trn khong cch hoc
cao ln. Mt bng ti thng vn chuyn cc vt liu hay i tng cng loi. Thng thng,
cc i tng ny c t ln bng ti theo dng t do, hay ni cch khc, lin tc ln
bng ang chuyn ng. Trong ti liu ny, ta thng nht s dng thut ng vt phm
ch cc i tng c vn chuyn.
Gc mng (Trough angle). C th b tr dy bng ti nm ngang (Flat belt), tng t
nh b truyn ai dt. Tuy nhin, ngi ta thng s dng thm cc con ln t nghing
(con ln mng Troughing idlers) un dy bng ti thnh dng mng lm, nhm vn
chuyn vt phm c n nh hn (Xem minh ha trn hnh 2).

Hng dn tnh ton bng ti

Nguyn Vn D - 2011

Hnh 2. To dng mng cho bng ti nh cc con ln mng

Hnh 3. Con ln phng v cc con ln mng

Gc mi
Khi vt phm c thnh ng, gc nh ng vt liu c gi l gc mi
(Surcharge angle). Gc mi khi vn chuyn nh i so vi khi ng yn (xem hnh 4).

Hnh 4. Gc mi ca ng vt phm

Hng dn tnh ton bng ti

Nguyn Vn D - 2011

2. rng ti thiu bng ti

rng bng ti ph thuc lu lng cn vn chuyn v kch c vt phm (hay kch
thc ca cc ht vt liu) cn vn chuyn trn bng. Nu kch c vt phm cng ln th
rng bng ti cng phi rng.
Bng 1 trnh by rng ti thiu ca bng ti cho cc gi tr kch c vt phm khc
nhau. Ct A dng cho cc vt phm c kch thc kh ng nht; ct B cho cc dng vt
phm c kch thc khng u ht to nht khng qu 10% th tch c khi.
Bng 1. rng ti thiu ca bng ti
rng ti thiu (mm)
400
450
500
600
650
750
800
900
1.000
1.050
1.200
1.400
1.600
1.800
2.000
2.200
2.400
2.600
2.800
3.000
3.150

A (ng nht)
64
75
85
110
125
145
157
180
203
215
250
297
345
380
440
500
550
600
650
700
750

Kch c ht (mm)
B (Ln ln)
100
125
150
200
225
275
300
350
400
425
500
600
700
800
900
1,000
1,100
1,200
1,300
1,400
1,500

3. Gc nng/ h ca bng ti
Gc nng hay h ca bng ti (gc dc) c quyt nh bi c tnh v hnh dng
cc ht vt liu c vn chuyn. Cc vt liu dng ht, n nh c th s dng bng ti c
dc ln; cc vt liu khng n nh nh than, ct cn xc lp gc dc nh.
Gc dc ln nht ca bng ti c b mt nhn c cho trong bng 2. Khi b mt
bng b t hoc bn, cc gi tr trong bng cn gim i 2 n 5 .
4

Hng dn tnh ton bng ti

Nguyn Vn D - 2011

Bng 2. Gc dc ln nht cho php khi vn chuyn vt phm

Vt liu
Than

Than cc
B tng vn

Qung
vi
Vi
Xi mng
Lu hunh
Qung pht pht
Si
Ct
t
G

Kch c ht
Trn 100 mm
Di 100 mm
Khng xc nh
t, mn
Kh, mn
ng nht
Khng ng nht
Mn
150 mm
100 mm
50 mm
Trn 100 mm
10 - 100 mm
Di 10 mm
Trn 100 mm
Di 100 mm
Trn 100 mm
Di 100 mm
Mn
Mn
Mn
Trn 100 mm
Di 100 mm
Mn
Sch, ng nht
Bn, khng ng nht
Khng ng nht
Kh
t
lm khun c
Kh
t
Dm
Hp

Gc dc ln nht ca bng ti()

15
16
18
20
22
17
18
20
12
20
24
15
16 - 18
20
18
20
18
20
23
22
23
15
25
30
12
15
18
15
20
24
20
22
27
15-25
20

Mui

4. Vn tc bng ti
Vn tc bng ti cn gii hn ty thuc dung lng ca bng, rng ca bng v
c tnh ca vt liu cn vn chuyn. S dng bng hp chuyn ng vi vn tc cao l kinh
t nht; nhng vn hnh bng ti c rng ln li d dng hn so vi bng ti hp.

Hng dn tnh ton bng ti

Nguyn Vn D - 2011

Bng 3 cho cc gi tr vn tc ln nht ca bng ti ty thuc rng bng cho 3

nhm vt phm khc nhau: nhm A: Cc loi vt liu ht; nhm B: Than m v cc vt liu
c tnh bo mn; nhm C l cc vt phm gm qung cng, v cc vt liu c cnh sc.
Bng 3. Vn tc ln nht ca bng ti
rng bng (mm)
400
450
500
600
650
750
800
900
1.000
1.050
1.200
1.400
1.600
1.800
2.000
2.200 - 3.000

A (m/pht)
180
210
240
240
240
270
270
300
300
300
330
360
360
-

B (m/pht)
150
180
180
210
210
240
240
250
250
250
300
330
330
360
360
360

C (m/pht)
150
180
180
200
200
220
220
240
240
24C
270
270
270
300
300
300

Vn tc bng ti thng c tnh ton nhm t c lu lng vn chuyn theo yu

cu cho trc. Lu lng vn chuyn ca mt bng ti c th c xc nh qua cng thc:

Qt = 60 A.V . .s

(1)

Trong , Qt: Lu lng vn chuyn, tn/ gi;

-

A: Din tch mt ct ngang dng vn chuyn (m2)

: Khi lng ring tnh ton ca khi vt liu (tn/ m3)
V: Vn tc bng ti (m/pht)
s: H s nh hng ca gc nghing ( dc) ca bng ti

T , c th tnh c vn tc bng ti theo cng thc sau:

V=

Qt
(m/pht)
60. A. .s

(2)

Sau khi tnh c vn tc bng ti, cn kim tra m bo vn tc khng vt qu gi

tr ln nht cho trong bng 3. Nu khng, cn chn chiu rng bng ti ln ln v tnh li.

Hng dn tnh ton bng ti

Nguyn Vn D - 2011

Cc i lng trong cng thc tnh vn tc c xc nh nh di y.

4.1. Din tch mt ct ngang dng chy

Din tch mt ct ngang dng chy c th c xc nh nh sau:
A = K (0,9 B 0,05) 2

(3)

Vi
-

A: Din tch mt ct ngang dng vn chuyn (m2)

K: H s tnh ton
B: rng bng ti (m)

H s K c cho trong bng 4.

Bng 4. H s tnh ton mt ct dng chy
Dng
Gc
bng ti mng
Phng
0
10
15
20
25
30
Mng, 3
35
con ln
40
45
50
55
60
30
40
Mng, 5
50
con ln
60
70

Gc mi (Surcharge Angle) )
10
20
30
0,0295
0,0591
0,0906
0,0649
0,0945
0,1253
0,0817
0,1106
0,1408
0,0963
0,1245
0,1538
0,1113
0,1381
0,1661
0,1232
0,1488
0,1754
0,1348
0,1588
0,1837
0,1426
0,1649
0,1882
0,15
0,1704
0,1916
0,1538
0,1725
0,1919
0,157
0,1736
0,1907
0,1568
0,1716
0,1869
0,1128
0,1399
0,1681
0,1336
0,1585
0,1843
0,1495
0,1716
0,1946
0,1598
0,179
0,1989
0,1648
0,1808
0,1945

4.2. Gc mi
Gc mi ca mt ng vt phm l gc hnh thnh gia ng nm ngang v mi dc
ca ng vt phm. Cc gi tr thng thng cho trong bng 5.
7

Hng dn tnh ton bng ti

Nguyn Vn D - 2011

Bng 5. Gc mi mt s dng vt liu khi vn chuyn

Gc mi ()
Dng vt liu
10
Vt liu mn, kh.
20
Cc vt liu ht (than, si, qung) c th vn chuyn bng cc
dng c thng thng.
30
Cc vt liu ht ln hoc c cp ln bng bng cc dng c c
bit, m bo tnh ng nht ca khi.
C th tham kho thm cc minh ha gi tr gc mi cho mt s dng vt phm khc
nhau trn hnh 5.

Hnh 5. Gc mi ca 1 s vt phm [4]

4.3. Khi lng ring tnh ton

Khi lng ring tnh ton ca cc khi vt phm c tnh n khong cch gia cc
ht hay cc i tng khi vn chuyn. Lu rng gi tr ny khc vi gi tr khi lng ring
thc s ca vt liu.
Khi lng ring tnh ton ca mt s vt liu cho trong bng 6.
Bng 6. Khi lng ring tnh ton ca 1 s vt liu

Hng dn tnh ton bng ti

Vt liu
Ct kh
Ct t
mm
trp, v
vi
t kh
t st kh
t st t
t t
G
La mch
Mui m

Nguyn Vn D - 2011

Khi lng ring

tnh ton (tn/m 3 )
1,44 - 1,68
1,84 - 2
1,6 - 1,76
1,68 - 1,76
1,52 - 1,6
1,12 - 1,28
1 - 1,2
1,52 - 1,68
1,66 - 1,79
0,61 - 0,75
0,61
0,72 - 0,82

Khi lng ring

tnh ton (tn/m 3 )
Mui nghin
1,12 - 1,28
Nhm ht
0,8-0,96
Nhm tn mn
0,72 - 0,8
Qung ng
1,92 - 2,56
Qung nhm
0,88 - 0,93
Qung st
2,08 - 2,88
Than cc dng cm
0,4 - 0,54
Than cc tinh
0,56 - 0,64
Than
0,83 - 0,96
Than m
0,64 - 0,72
Xi mng C-lanh-ke
1,28 - 1,52
Xi mng Porlan, kh
1,41 - 1,6
Vt liu

4.4. H s nh hng ca dc bng ti

Bng ti cng dc th lu lng vn chuyn vt liu c cng thp. H s gim lu
lng do dc, s, cho trong bng 7.
Bng 7. H s dc bng ti
Gc dc () H s s Gc dc () H s s
2
1
21
0,78
4
0,99
22
0,76
6
0,98
23
0,73
8
0,97
24
0,71
10
0,95
25
0,68
12
0,93
26
0,66
14
0,91
27
0,64
16
0,89
28
0,61
18
0,85
29
0,59
20
0,81
30
0,56

5. Tnh ton cng sut truyn dn bng ti

Cng sut lm quay trc con ln ko bng ti c tnh theo cng thc sau:
P = P1 + P2 + P3 + Pt (KW)

(4)

Trong , P1 l cng sut cn thit ko bng ti khng ti chuyn ng theo phng

ngang; P2 l cng sut cn thit ko bng ti c cht ti chuyn ng theo phng ngang; P3
9

Hng dn tnh ton bng ti

Nguyn Vn D - 2011

l cng sut ko bng ti c ti chuyn ng theo phng ng (nu bng ti c dc i

ln; nu bng ti vn chuyn vt phm i xung, P3 mang gi tr m); Pt l cng sut dn
ng c cu gt vt phm.
Cc thnh phn cng sut c tnh ton nh sau:
f (l + lo ).W .V
P1 =
6120
f (l + lo )Qt
f (l + lo )Wm .V
P2 =
=
367
6120
H .Qt H .Wm .V
P3 =
=
367
6120

(5)
(6)
(7)

Trong cc cng thc ny, cc i lng tnh ton bao gm:

F l h s ma st ca cc ln con ln;
W l khi lng cc b phn chuyn ng ca bng ti, khng tnh khi lng
vt phm c vn chuyn (kg);
Wm: Khi lng vt phm phn b trn mt n v di ca bng ti (kg/m);
V : Vn tc bng ti (m/pht)
H : Chiu cao nng (m)
l : Chiu di bng ti theo phng ngang (m)
lo : Chiu di bng ti theo phng ngang c iu chnh (m)

Cc cng thc tnh ph tr:

WC Wr
+
+ 2W1
lC
lr
H = l tan
Qt
Wm =
0,06.V

W=

Vi:

(8)
(9)
(10)

Wl : Khi lng phn b ca bng ti (kg/m)

Wc : Khi lng cc chi tit quay ca mt cm cc con ln ti (kg);
Wr : Khi lng cc chi tit quay ca mt cm cc con ln nhnh bng ti i v;
Pc : Bc cc con ln ti (m)
Pr : Bc cc con ln nhnh chy khng (m)
: Gc dc ca bng ti

Cc s liu tra cu cho trong cc bng di y.

10

Hng dn tnh ton bng ti

Nguyn Vn D - 2011

Bng 8. H s ma st v di iu chnh bng ti

f

0.03
0.022
0.012

l o (m)

iu kin lm vic
a) Cc bng ti tm thi hoc bng ti di ng
49 b) Cc bng ti lm vic trong mi trng rt lnh (n -40C);
thng xuyn khi ng dng;
66 Cc bng ti c nh, c cn chnh v bo dng theo quy chun.
S dng khi cn tnh cng sut phanh khi ti vt phm i xung
156
(downhill)

Ghi ch: Cc gi tr f v lo i vi nhau theo cp. Nu ly f khc vi gi tr trong bng,

c th tnh lo theo cng thc:
lo =

0,77931
+ 15,93
f 0,006436

Bng 9. Cng sut dn ng c cu gt, Pt (KW)

rng bng (mm)

400; 450; 500; 600; 650

750; 800; 900
1000; 1050; 1200
1400; 1600
1800; 2000
2200; 2400
2600; 2800
3000; 3150

Dng c cu gt
C nh Di chuyn
0,75
1,25
1,25
2,00
2,15
3,15
3,45
5,00
4,40
6,30
5,40
7,40
6,20
8,50
6,70
9,60

Bng 10. Khi lng bng ti chuyn ng, khng k vt phm c vn chuyn
Chiu rng ai (mm) W(kg/m) Chiu rng ai (mm) W(kg/m)
400
22
1.200
90
450
28
1.400
1 14
500
30
1.600
130
600
36
1.800
154
650
41
2.000
174
750
53
2.200
214
800
56
2.400
232
900
63
2.600
249
1.000
69
2.800
298
1.050
80
3.000
319
1.200
90
3.150
329

11

(11)

Hng dn tnh ton bng ti

Nguyn Vn D - 2011

Bng 11. Khi lng cc b phn quay

Chiu rng ai
(mm)
400
450
500
600
650
750
800
900
1.000
1.050
1.200

Wc
(kg/b)
6,6
7,1
7,5
8,3
9,0
13,2
13,9
15,1
19,6
21,3
23,6

Wr
(kg/b)
5,0
5,4
5,9
6,8
7,3
11,6
12,2
13,4
18,0
18,9
21,1

Chiu rng ai
(mm)
1.200
1.400
1.600
1.800
2.000
2.200
2.400
2.600
2.800
3.000
3.150

Wc
(kg/b)
23,6
36,6
41,4
47,4
52,2
75
81
86
114
121
128

Wr
(kg/b)
21,1
32,6
36,6
42,5
46,5
65
70
75
100
106
111

Ghi ch: Cc gi tr cho vi cc con ln bng thp; cc hng sn xut khc nhau c
th c cc gi tr khc nhau; nn tra cu ti liu ca hng nu cn.
Bng 12. Khong cch (bc) cc con ln
Chiu rng ai
(mm)

400
450
500
600
650
750
800
900
1.000
1.050
1.200
1.400
1.600
1.800
2.000
2.200
2.400
2.600
2.800

Bc cc con ln mang ti (m)

Bc cc con ln chy
Lu lng di Lu lng trn 1,6
khng (m)
1,6 tn/ gi
tn/ gi
1,35
1,35
3,00
1,35
1,20
3,00
1,35
1,20
3,00
1,20
1,10
3,00
1,20
1,10
3,00
1,20
1,00
3,00
1,20
1,00
3,00
1,00
1,00
3,00
1,00
1,00
3,00
1,00
1,00
3,00
1,00
1,00
3,00
1,00
1,00
3,00
1,00
1,00
3,00
1,00
1,00
3,00
1,00
1,00
2,40
1,00
1,00
2,40
1,00
1,00
2,40
1,00
1,00
2,40
1,00
1,00
2,40

12

Hng dn tnh ton bng ti

Chiu rng ai
(mm)

3.000
3.150

Nguyn Vn D - 2011

Bc cc con ln mang ti (m)

Bc cc con ln chy
Lu lng di Lu lng trn 1,6
khng (m)
1,6 tn/ gi
tn/ gi
1,00
1,00
2,40
1,00
1,00
2,40

Bng 13. Khi lng phn b dy bng ti W1

Chiu rng
ai (mm)

400
450
500
600
650
750
800
900
1,000
1.050
1.200

Khi lng
phn b
(kg/m)
4,5
7,0
7,5
9,0
10,3
13,0
13,8
15,5
20,5
23,0
26,0

Chiu dy
gn ng
(mm)
9

Chiu rng
ai (mm)

1.400
1.600
1.800
2.000
2.200
2.400
2.600
2.800
3.000
3.150
-

12

13
17

Khi lng
phn b
(kg/m)
33,0
38,0
46,0
51,0
56,0
61,0
66,0
71,0
77,0
81,0
-

Chiu dy
gn ng
(mm)

18

20

6. Lc cng dy bng ti
6.1. Tnh ton thng thng
Hnh 6 minh ha cc thnh phn lc cho mt dy bng ti khi vn chuyn vt nng
ln pha trn (dc ln Uphill).

Hnh 6. Cc thnh phn lc trn dy bng ti

13

Hng dn tnh ton bng ti

Nguyn Vn D - 2011

Cc thnh phn lc c tnh theo cc cng thc di y.

6.1.1. Lc vng FP

FP =

6120 P
(kg)
V

(12)

Trong , P l cng sut truyn dn (KW); V l vn tc bng ti (m/pht).

6.1.2. Lc cng trn 2 nhnh bng ti

F1 = FP

e
e 1

(13)

F2 = FP

1
e 1

(14)

Lu cc quan h tng t b truyn ai: F1 = F2 .e F1 F2 = FP

Trong :
+ FP: lc vng (kg);
+ e: c s logarit t nhin;
+ : h s ma st gia dy ai v pu-ly ;
+ : gc m gia dy ai v pu-ly (radian).
6.1.3. Lc cng pht sinh khi leo/ xung dc
F3 = W1 .l (tan f ) (kg)
F3 = W1 .l (tan + f ) (kg)
Trong :
+ F3: Lc cng pht sinh khi ko vt phm leo dc (Uphill);
+ F3 : Lc cng pht sinh khi ko vt phm xung dc (Downhill);
+ l : chiu di vn chuyn tnh theo phng ngang (mt);
+ : gc nghin ca ng vn chuyn so vi phng ngang ();
+ f : h s ma st gia dy bng ti v cc con ln (Idler rolls);
6.1.3. Lc cng ti thiu

Lc cng ti thiu c xc nh nhm gi cho dy bng ti khng trt qu 2%

khong cch gia cc con ln.
F4C = 6,25.lC (Wm + W1 ) (kg)
F4 r = 6,25.l r .W1 (kg)
14

(15)
(16)

Hng dn tnh ton bng ti

Nguyn Vn D - 2011

Trong :
+ F4C: Lc cng ti thiu trn nhnh cng (Carrier side)
+ F4r: Lc cng ti thiu trn nhnh chng (Return side)
Khi mun an ton hn, c th khng ch dy khng trt qu 1% khong cch
(bc) gia cc con ln.
F4C = 12,5.lC (Wm + W1 ) (kg)
F4 r = 12,5.l r .W1 (kg)

(17)
(18)

6.1.4. Lc ko ln nht

Lc ko ln nht c s dng tnh chn dy bng ti theo bn. Cc cng thc

tnh lc cng ln nht ty thuc dng b tr bng ti nh trong bng di y. Vi mi
trng hp, tin hnh tnh ton theo tt c cc cng thc ri so snh ly gi tr ln nht.
Bng 14. Cc cng thc tnh lc ko ln nht
Dng bng ti

Bng ti nm ngang
(Horizontal Conveyor)
Bng ti leo dc
(Uphill Conveyor)

Ti pu-ly trc
F P +F 2
F P + F 4r
F P + F 4c - F r
F P + F 4C - F r
F P + F 4r - F r
FP + F2
F P + F 4r

F P +F 2
Bng ti xung dc
F P + F 4r
(Downhill Conveyor)
F P + F 4C - F r
Khng cn phanh (P > 0) F 2 + F r
F 4r + F r
|F P |+F 2 + F r
Bng ti xung dc
(Downhill Conveyor)
|F P | +F 4c + F r
C phanh (P < 0)
F 4r + F r
Trong , Fr = f (l + lo )(W1 + Wr / l r ) ( H .W1 ) .

15

Ti pu-ly sau
FP + F2
F P + F 4C
F 4r + F r
FP + F2
F P + F 4C
Fp + F2 - Fr
F P + F 4c -F r
F 4r + |F r |
FP + F2
F P + F 4C
F 4C + F r
F 4r + F r

|F P |+F 4c + F r
|F P |+ F 4r + F r
|F P | +F 2

Hng dn tnh ton bng ti

Nguyn Vn D - 2011

Bng 15. Gc m ca 1 s dng truyn dn

Dng truyn dn

Minh ha (*)

Gc m ()

180

(A) Truyn dn n

(B) Truyn dn n c
bnh cng

200 - 220

(C) Truyn dn n, puly

kp

220 ~ 240

(D) Truyn dn kp

400 - 440

(E) Truyn dn bng 2

puly

Puly 1: 170 ~ 220

Puly 2: 190 - 220

(*) Puly truyn dn k hiu l vng trn t y 2 gc phn t.

Bng 16. H s ma st gia dy bng ti v puly
iu kin b mt tip xc gia dy bng
ti v puly
Bn v t
Puly thp
m
Kh
Dirty & Wet
Puly c rnh v puly bc
Moist
cao su
Dry
Dng puly truyn dn

H s ma
st
0.1
0.1-0.2
0.3
0.2
0.2-0.3
0.35

6.1.5. V d minh ha

Tnh cng sut truyn dn v lc cng bng ti cho s nh hnh v, cc s liu cho
trc:
B = 1.200 mm;
Qt = 2.400 tn/ gi;
V = 150 m/ pht;
l = 234 m;

lr = 2 m;
f = 0,022;
= 0,3;
= 210
16

Hng dn tnh ton bng ti

h = 30 m;
lC = 1 m;
Wr = 21,1 kg/m;

Nguyn Vn D - 2011
W1 = 26 kg/m;
WC = 23,6 kg/m;

23,6 21,1
+
= 86,2
1
2
Cng sut truyn dn
0,022(234 + 66).86,2.150
P1 =
= 13,9 (KW)
6120
0,022(234 + 66).86,2.2400
P2 =
= 43,2 (KW)
367
30.2400
P3 =
= 196,2 (KW)
367
P = 19,9 + 43,2 + 196,2 = 253,3 KW
Cc lc cng
253.6120
= 10335 (kg)
FP =
150
F2 = 10335.0,499 = 5157 (kg)
21,1

F3 = 26.30 0,022(234 + 66) 26 +

= 539 kg
2

Tnh n gin: F3 = 26.30 0,022.26.234 = 646 kg

F4C = 6,255.1.(26 + 266,7) = 1829 (kg)
F4 r = 6,25.2.26 = 325 (kg)
Fmax = 10335 + 5,157 = 15,492 (kg)
15492.12
= 297 (kg/cm.ply)
TS =
117.4
W = 2 26 +

6.2. Tnh ton bng ti nhiu pu-ly truyn dn

Khi tnh ton theo cch thc thng thng nh trn, nhiu khi ta gp phi tnh hung
lc cng trong dy bng ti, hoc cng sut cn thit ca ng c ko bng ti, thm ch l c
hai thng s ny l qu ln. Li gii cho vn l s dng nhiu h ng c- puly truyn
dn.

17

Hng dn tnh ton bng ti

Nguyn Vn D - 2011

Cc cng thc tnh ton cho h thng 2 puly truyn dn n gin (xem hnh 4) nh
di y.

W
FC = f (l + lo )W1 + C + Wm + h(W1 + Wm )
lC

W
Fr = f (l + lo )W1 + r hW1
lr

FP = FC + Fr = FP1 + FP 2

(19)
(20)
(21)

Ghi ch: Vi bng ti xung dc, i du cc s hng c cha h trong cc cng

thc trn.
6.2.1. Tnh theo l thuyt v lc vng
FP1 = FP FP 2

FP 2 =

e
e

2 2

)}

1
FP + Fr e 11 1
1

11 + 2 2

Khi 1 = 2 = ;1 = 2 = th FP 2 =

(22)

)}

1
FP + Fr e 1
e +1
1
F21 = FP1 11
e 1
1
F22 = FP 2 2 2
e
1

(23)

(24)
(25)

6.2.2. Phng php phn phi lc cng gia 2 ng c

Khi M 1 / M 2 = 1 / 1 th FP1 = FP 2 = FP / 2
Khi M 1 / M 2 = 2 / 1 th FP1 = 2 / 3FP ; FP 2 = 1 / 3FP
Trong cc cng thc trn, cc i lng c ngha nh sau:

18

(26)
(27)

Hng dn tnh ton bng ti

Nguyn Vn D - 2011

M1: Cng sut nh mc ca ng c ti puly 1 (KW);

M2: Cng sut nh mc ca ng c ti puly 2 (KW);
M: Cng sut tng ca 2 ng c (KW);
FP: Tng lc vng (kg);
FP1: Lc vng ti v tr puly 1 (kg);
FP2: Lc vng ti v tr puly 2 (kg);
F11: lc ko trong nhnh cng ti v tr puly 1 (kg);
F12: lc ko trong nhnh cng ti v tr puly 2 (kg);
F21: lc ko trong nhnh chng ti v tr puly 1 (kg);
F22: lc ko trong nhnh chng ti v tr puly 2 (kg);
FC: Lc ko trong nhnh cng thng ma st (kg);
Fr: Lc ko trong nhnh chng thng ma st (kg);

6.2.3. V d tnh ton nhiu puly dn ng

Cc s liu cho trc:

B = 1400 mm;
Qt = 6000 tn/ gi;
V = 250 m/ phut;
l = 3900 m;
h = 0 m;

W1 = 33 kg/m;
WC = 36,6 kg;
Wr = 32,6 kg;
lC = 1 m;
lr = 2 m.

f = 0,022;
1 = 2 = 0,25;
1 = 2 = 210 = 3,67 rad;
Wm = 400 kg/m;

F c = 0,022 (3900 + 66) (33 + 36,6/1 + 400) = 40974 (kg)

F r = 0,022 (3900+ 66) (33 + 32,6/2) = 4302 (kg)
F n = 40974 + 4302 = 45276 (kg)
F3 = 0
F 4c = 6,25 x 1 (33 + 400) = 2706 (kg)
F 4r = 6,25 x 2 x 33 = 413 (kg)
Tnh theo l thuyt:
1
FP 2 = 0, 25*3, 67
45276 + 4302 e 0, 25*3, 67 1 = 13869 (kg)
e
+1
FP1 = 45276 13869 = 31407 (kg)

)}

19

Hng dn tnh ton bng ti

F21 = 31407 *
F22 = 13869 *

1
e

0 , 25*3, 67

0 , 25*3, 67

1
1

Nguyn Vn D - 2011

= 20938 (kg)

= 9246 (kg)

Tnh theo phng php phn phi lc cng gia 2 ng c

FP1 = FP 2 = 45276 / 2 = 22638 (kg)
1
F21 = F22 = 22638 0, 25*3, 67
= 15092 (kg)
e
1

Cc biu phn b lc:

*. Phng php l thuyt

*. Phng php phn phi gia 2 ng c

So snh kt qu:

20

Hng dn tnh ton bng ti

Nguyn Vn D - 2011

6.2.4. Kt qu cho mt s s b tr cc puly dn ng

S liu cho trc tng t nh trong v d trn. Nu s lng puly dn ng v cch

b tr khc nhau s dn n lc cng trong cc dy bng ti khc nhau. Cc kt qu tnh ton
c tm tt trong cc s di y tham kho, so snh.
1. Mt puly dn ng, t pha trc

2. Mt puly dn ng, t pha sau

3. Puly dn ng kp, t trc

4. Hai puly dn ng, t trc

21

Hng dn tnh ton bng ti

Nguyn Vn D - 2011

5. Hai puly dn ng, 1 trc, 1 sau (v d 6.2.3)

6. Hai puly dn ng trc, hai puly dn ng sau

7. Tnh chn dy bng ti

Trc ht, cn lu v vt liu dy bng ti. Dy bng ti cn c chn ph hp vi
mi trng lm vic, sao cho c th trnh cc n mn ha hc. Cc loi dy bng ti thng
dng bao gm: dy si thp (Steel Cord); cc loi dy c dt nhiu lp (Multi-ply Fabric).
Cc bng ti si thp c k kiu ST v km theo 1 con s. V d ST-500; ST-1250.
Gi tr s trong k hiu ch bn cho php (kg/cm) tnh trn mt n v chiu rng dy.
Cc dy bng ti dt c k hiu tn vt liu dy, km theo hai s liu ch gi tr
bn v s lp dt. V d EP 160/2. Nu k hiu ch c mt gi tr, v d NF-75, ngha l con
s ch gi tr bn ca mt lp dt.
Thng s nh gi sc bn ca dy bng ti c tnh theo gi tr lc ko ln nht tc
dng ln dy Fmax theo cng thc sau:
Vi ai si thp:
ST No =

Fmax * SF
B

(28)

Trong , Fmax l lc ko ln nht (kg); SF l h s an ton; B l chiu rng dy

bng ti tnh bng centimetre.

22

Hng dn tnh ton bng ti

Nguyn Vn D - 2011

Sau khi tnh c lc ko n v ST-No, tin hnh tra bng chn dy c gi tr lc

ko n v ln hn v gn nht vi gi tr tnh c. Bng tra c trnh by di y.
Bng 17. Cc loi bng ti si thp tiu chun
ST-400 ST-800 ST-1600 ST-3150
ST-500 ST-1000 ST-2000 ST-4000
ST-630 ST-1250 ST-2500 ST-5000
Vi ai dt nhiu lp:

F .TS =

Fmax * SFz
Be

(29)

Trong , Fmax l lc ko ln nht (kg); SFz l h s an ton; Be l chiu rng hu

ch ca dy ai (tnh bng cm). Chiu rng hu ch c tnh bng chiu rng thc ca dy
tr i phn mp bc cao su. Phn mp bc thng c chiu rng 3 cm.
Sau khi tnh c F.TS, tra bng chn dy c gi tr ln hn gn nht vi gi tr tnh
c.
Bng 18. Cc dy bng ti dt nhiu lp
Polyester Fabric
EP160/2
EP200/2
EP250/2
EP315/2-3
EP400/2-4
EP500/2-4
EP6 30/3-4
EP800/3-5
EP1000/4-5
EP1250/4-5
EP1600/5

23

Nylon Fabric
NF160/2
NF200/2
NF250/2
NF315/2-3
NF400/2-4
NF500/2-4
NF630/3-4
NF800/3-5
NF1000/4-5
NF1250/4-5
NF1600/4-5
NF2000/4-5
NF2500/5-6
NF3150/6

Hng dn tnh ton bng ti

Nguyn Vn D - 2011

Bng 19 .H s an ton cho bng ti si thp

Vt phm

A
B
C ht <30mm >30mm <30mm >30mm

Chu k (pht)

Di 3,0
3,0 10,0
Trn 10,0

8
7
6,7

8
7
6,7

8
7
6,7

9
7
6,7

Bng 20. H s an ton cho bng ti dt

Vt phm

A
B
C ht <30mm >30mm <30mm >30mm

Chu k (pht)

Di 1,0
1,0 3,0
3,0 10,0
Trn 10,0

11
10
9
8

11
11
9
8

11
11
10
8

12
11
10
8

Nhm vt phm A bao gm cc vt liu mm nh: Thc, bt giy, giy, phoi g, tro,
t st, than ci, vi, ct, mui, xi mng, b rc. Nhm vt phm B bao gm cc vt liu
cng, c cnh sc: Than m, g cy, vi, c lanh ke, than cc, knh v, cc loi qung.

8. Cu trc h thng bng ti

8.1. Xc nh ng knh puly
Cc puly c chia thnh 3 nhm A, B v C nh trong bng 21. Xem minh ha trn
hnh 7.

Hnh 7. Minh ha cc loi puly

24

Hng dn tnh ton bng ti

Nguyn Vn D - 2011

Bng 21. Quan h ng knh cc puly

Nhm puly
ng knh ti thiu

Phm vi
ng dng

A
D
Puly dn
ng

B
0,8D
Puly cng
dy

Dng ng dng
Puly pha
trc
Trn
Lc ko dy ti v tr puly
80%

Puly pha
sau
T 60 n
80%

C
0,6D

Puly dn
hng
Di
60%

ng knh puly ti thiu cho cc loi dy bng ti cho trong cc bng sau.
Bng 22. ng knh puly cho bng ti si thp
Khong
ng
bn ko
cch gia
K hiu
knh si
mi si
cc si
thp (mm)
(kg)
(mm)
ST-500
2,5
12,0
675
ST-630
2,5
10,0
675
ST-800
2,9
10,0
858
ST-1000
3,6
12,0
1.281
ST-1250
4,1
12,0
1.601
ST-1500
4,4
12,0
1.900
ST-1600
4,6
12,0
2.050
ST-2000
5,4
12,0
2.690
ST-2500
6,2
15,0
4.000
ST-3000
6,8
15,0
4.690
ST-3150
7,1
15,0
4.956
ST-3500
7,5
15,0
5.570
ST4000
8,1
15,0
6.400
ST-4500
8,6
15,0
7.070
ST-5000
9,2
15,0
8.060

ng knh puly ti thiu

(mm)
A

500
550
600
700
750
850
900
950
1.250
1.350
1.400
1.450
1.650
1.850
2.050

400
440
480
560
600
680
720
760
1.000
1.080
1.120
1.160
1.320
1.480
1.640

300
330
360
420
450
510
540
570
750
810
840
870
990
1.110
1.230

Bng 23. ng knh puly ti thiu cho bng ti dt (mm)

Loi dy

160/2
200/2
250/2
315/2

Mc chu ti Chu ko 60-100% Chu ko 30-60%

315/3
400/3 500/3

kh nng cho php

A
B
C
250 200 160
250 200 160
320 250 200
400 320 250
25

kh nng cho php

A
B
C
200 160 125
200 160 125
250 200 160
320 250 200

Chu ko < 30%

kh nng cho php
A
B
C
160 160 125
160 160 125
200 200 160
250 250 200

Hng dn tnh ton bng ti

Loi dy

Nguyn Vn D - 2011

Mc chu ti Chu ko 60-100% Chu ko 30-60%

kh nng cho php

A
B
C
400/2 630/4 500/4 630/3 500 400 320
630/5 800/4 1000/3
630 500 400
800/5 1250/4 1000/4
800 630 500
1000/5 1600/4 1600/5
1000 800 630

kh nng cho php

A
B
C
400 320 250
500 400 320
630 500 400
800 630 500

Chu ko < 30%

kh nng cho php
A
B
C
320 320 250
400 400 320
500 500 400
630 630 500

8.2. Kt cu puly
Trong hu ht cc trng hp, dng puly hnh tr.
Puly cn hai u (Crown pulleys) ch c dng trong 1 s trng hp c bit
chnh hng bng ti, bng ti dng gu (Bucket elevator), hoc cng bng ti nu chiu di
cng bng ln. Puly cn khng c dng cho dy bng ti si thp hoc c kt cu dn ng
kp. Kt cu puly cn cho trn hnh 8. cn c th ly bng 1: 10 hoc ly kch thc d =
D 0,008D.

Hnh 8. Kt cu puly

8.2. Khong cch gia cc con ln

Cc con ln nhnh chng ca dy bng ti thng c t cch nhau 3 mt. Cc
con ln nhnh cng thng t cch u nhau, hoc b tr khng u theo cc hng dn
di y.

26

Hng dn tnh ton bng ti

Nguyn Vn D - 2011

Bng 24 . Khong cch trung bnh gia cc con ln nhnh cng (m)
rng
bng ti
(mm)
300-400
450-500
600
650
750
800
900
1000
1050
1200
1350
1400
1500
1600
1700
1800
2000

Khi lng ring tnh ton vt phm (kg/m3)

480

800

1200

1600

2000

2400

1,7
1,7
1,7
1,5
1,5
1,5
1,5
1,5
1,5
1,5
1,4
1,2
1,2
1,2
1,2
1,2
1,2

1,7
1,7
1,7
1,5
1,5
1,5
1,5
1,4
1,4
1,4
1,2
1,2
1,2
1,2
1,2
1,2
1,2

1,5
1,5
1,5
1,4
1,4
1,4
1,4
1,2
1,2
1,0
0,9
0,9
0,9
0,8
0,8
0,8
0,8

1,5
1,5
1,4
1,4
1,4
1,4
1,2
1,2
1,0
0,9
0,9
0,9
0,8
0,8
0,8
0,8

1,4
1,3
1,3
1,2
1,2
1,0
1,0
0,9
0,8
0,8
0,8
0,8
0,8
0,8
0,8

1,0
1,0
1,0
1,0
1,0
1,0
0,9
0,8
0,8
0,8
0,8
0,6
0,6
0,6
0,6

B tr con ln khng u

Trong cc h thng bng ti c ti trng ln, khong cch vn chuyn xa, c th b tr

khong cch khng u gia cc con ln cc vng khc nhau. V lc ko trong dy bng
thay i dc theo chiu di, do vy, khong cch gia cc con ln chu ti s nh nht vng
dy c lc ko b v tng dn khi lc ko tng.
C th tnh ton khong cch gia cc con ln nh sau:
L=

0,02 * 8 *10 3 * T
(m)
Ml

(30)

Trong , T l lc ko dy ai ti vng tnh ton (kg); Ml l khi lng ca dy v ti

ang c vn chuyn (kg/m). Gi tr ti ang vn chuyn c th tnh theo cng thc:
Qlive =

1000 * Qt
(kg/m)
60 *V

27

(31)

Hng dn tnh ton bng ti

Nguyn Vn D - 2011

Tuy vy, cn ht sc lu v tnh ton cn thn, xem xt mi tnh hung lc ko c

th c trc khi quyt nh b tr cc con ln khng u nhau.
Bng 25. Khong cch ti a v ti thiu ca cc con ln mng
Chiu rng ai, mm Khong cch ti a, mm Khong cch ti thiu, mm
450
3400
700
600
3000
600
750
3000
600
900
3000
500

1050
1200
1350
1500
1800

2800
2800
2800
2400
2400

450
450
450
450
400

C th s dng cc hng dn nhanh nh sau xc nh khong cch gia cc con

ln:
-

Con ln nhnh chng: ly khong 3 mt;

Con ln np liu ng (Impact idlers): ly bng khong hoc
khong cch gia cc con ln mang ti (con ln trn nhnh cng);
Con ln trong vng ln ca dy bng: ti a khong cch ca
cc con ln thng thng trn nhnh tng ng.

Khong cch chuyn tip gia con ln cui cng vi puly

Vi cc bng ti c cc con ln to thnh mng, cn c khong cch nht nh gia

cc con ln cui cng vi puly dy bng ti chuyn thnh dng phng v c cun
vo puly.

Hnh 9. Khong cch chuyn tip b gia con ln cui cng vi puly

28

Hng dn tnh ton bng ti

Nguyn Vn D - 2011

Trn hnh 9 bn tri, mt puly nm ngang vi ng trung bnh ca mng dn vt

phm. Cn hnh bn phi, mt puly nm cng cao vi y mng. Khong cch ti thiu
gia con ln cui cng v puly c th tham kho nhanh trong bng di y.
Bng 26. Tham kho nhanh khong cch chuyn tip
T l gia lc ko vng chuyn tip vi lc ko ln Khong cch chuyn
nht
tip
Trn 80%
b
80 - 60%
0,8b
Di 60%
0,6b

Bng 27 . Khong cch chuyn tip cho bng ti si thp, tnh bng s ln chiu rng bng
ti.
V tr mt puly
Gc mng
600
650
750
800
900
1.000
Chiu 1.050
1.200
rng
1.400
bng
ti
1.600
(mm) 1.800
2.000
2.200
2.400
2.600
2.800
3.000
3.150

20
0,55
0,60
0,70
0,75
0,85
0,95
1,00
1,10
1,30
1,45
1,65
1,85
2,00
2,20
2,40
2,55
2,75
2,90

Ngang tm mng
30
35
0,80
0,95
0,90
1,05
1,00
1,20
1,10
1,25
1,20
1,45
1,35
1,60
1,45
1,65
1,65
1,90
1,90
2,20
2,15
2,55
2,45
2,85
2,70
3,15
2,95
3,50
3,25
3,80
3,50
4,10
3,80
4,45
4,05
4,75
4,30
5,00

45
1,20
1,30
1,50
1,60
1,80
2,00
2,10
2,40
2,80
3,20
3,65
4,05
4,45
4,85
5,25
5,65
6,05
6,40

20
1,10
1,20
1,40
1,50
1,65
1,85
1,95
2,20
2,55
2,95
3,30
3,65
4,05
4,40
4,75
5,15
5,50
5,80

Ngang y mng
30
35
1,65
1,90
1,75
2,05
2,05
2,40
2,15
2,55
2,45
2,85
2,70
3,15
2,85
3,35
3,25
3,80
3,80
4,45
4,30
5,05
4,85
5,70
5,40
6,35
5,90
6,95
6,45
7,60
7,00
8,25
7,55
8,85
8,05
9,50
8,60
10,00

45
2,40
2,60
3,00
3,20
3,65
4,05
4,25
4,85
5,65
6,45
7,25
8,05
8,85
9,65
10,45
11,25
12,05
12,70

Bng 28. Khong cch chuyn tip cho bng ti dt, tnh bng s ln chiu rng bng ti.
V tr mt puly
Gc mng
600
Chiu
rng
650
bng
750
ti
800

20
0,30
0,30
0,35
0,40

Ngang tm mng
30
35
0,40
0,50
0,45
0,55
0,50
0,60
0,55
0,65
29

45
0,60
0,65
0,75
0,80

20
0,55
0,60
0,70
0,75

Ngang y mng
30
35
0,80
0,95
0,90
1,05
1,00
1,20
1,10
1,25

45
1,20
1,30
1,50
1,60

Hng dn tnh ton bng ti

V tr mt puly
Gc mng
900
(mm)
1.000
1.050
1.200
1.400
1.600
1.800
2.000
2.200
2.400
2.600
2.800
3.000

20
0,40
0,45
0,50
0,55
0,65
0,75
0,85
0,95
1,00
1,10
1,20
1,30
1,40

Nguyn Vn D - 2011

Ngang tm mng
30
35
0,60
0,70
0,70
0,80
0,70
0,85
0,80
0,95
0,95
1,10
1,10
1,25
1,20
1,45
1,35
1,60
1,50
1,75
1,60
1,90
1,75
2,05
1,90
2,20
2,05
2,40

45
0,90
1,00
1,05
1,20
1,40
1,60
1,80
2,00
2,20
2,40
2,60
2,80
3,00

20
0,85
0,95
0,95
1,10
1,30
1,45
1,65
1,85
2,00
2,20
2,40
2,55
2,75

Ti liu tham kho

[1]. Bridgestone, Conveyor Belt Design Manual;
[2]. Funner Dunlop, Conveyor Handbook
[3]. Funner Dunlop, Selecting the Proper Conveyor Belt;
[4]. CSMA, Belt Conveyors for Bulk Materials.

30

Ngang y mng
30
35
1,20
1,45
1,35
1,60
1,40
1,65
1,60
1,90
1,90
2,20
2,15
2,55
2,45
2,85
2,70
3,15
2,95
3,50
3,25
3,80
3,50
4,10
3,75
4,45
4,05
4,75

45
1,80
2,00
2,10
2,40
2,80
3,20
3,60
4,00
4,40
4,80
5,20
5,60
6,00