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I.E.
CRDENAS CENTRO



MDULO DE HUMANIDADES - INGLS

CICLO IV
GRADO NOVENO




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TABLA DE CONTENIDO
pg.
PRIMER PERIODO
1. GRAMMAR 4
1.1. SIMPLE PRESENT & PRESENT CONTINOUS TENSE 4
1.2. SIMPLE PAST & PAST CONTINOUS TENSE 6
1.2.1. SIMPLE PAST FORM: 6
1.2.2. PAST CONTINUOUS FORM 9

2. VOCABULARY 13
2.1. SUBJECT & OBJECT PRONOUNS 13
2.2. POSSESIVE ADJETIVES 14
2.3. FRECUENCY ADVERBS 15
2.4. TIME EXPRESSIONS 17
SEGUNDO PERODO

1. GRAMMAR 19
1.1. SIMPLE FUTURE FORM: WILL AND GOING TO 19
1.2. FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE 23
1.3. POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS & ADJETIVES 27

2. VOCABULARY 30
2.1. TECHNOLOGY VERBS 30


TERCER PERODO
1. GRAMMAR 31
1.1. PRESENT PERFECT TENSE 31

2. VOCABULARY 36
2.1. YET, ALREADY 36
2.2. PAST PARTICIPLE OF VERBS. 36

CUARTO PERODO
1. GRAMMAR: 38
1.1. REVIEW THE PRESENT PERFECT & PRESENT TENSE & PAST TENSE. EXERCISES
PROPOSED FOR YOUR TEACHER 38

2. VOCABULARY 38
2.1. FAMILY 38
2.2. PROFESSIONS 40
2.3. JOBS SICKNESS 41
2.4. SINCE, FOR 41

PRUEBA SABER 43

BIBLIOGRAFA 46

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PRIMER PERODO

1. GRAMMAR

1.1. SIMPLE PRESENT & PRESENT CONTINOUS
TENSE
1. Permanent (usual) and Temporary (now,
around now) actions.
We use the Present Continuous tense to
speak about things which are happening
now or things which are temporary.

I am not working now. I am on holiday.
Sally is listening to a new CD.
Who are you phoning?


The Present Simple tense describes usual,
repeated and permanent things -
for example, always, usually, often,
sometimes, never.

I work as an accountant.
John doesn't know German.
How often do you play tennis?

Compare how these two tenses are used.

Why are you walking to work? Don't you
usually go by bus?
I live in Kharkiv, but now I am living in
Moscow.
Usually we have dinner at 7, but today we
are having it at 9.
2. Some verbs are not normally used in the
Continuous Tense. They are called "state"
verbs.
In English language there are verbs that are not
normally used in the Continuous Tense, because
they describe rather state than an action. They are
called state verb (stative verbs, non-progressive
verbs).

The verbs that can be used in the Continuous
Tense are called action verbs (dynamic verbs).

Some verbs can be both state and action
verbs depending on their meaning.
Here are some verbs that are not normally used in
the Continuous Tense.
like dislike love hate
prefer remember forget believe
mean seem understand want
need know belong own
Here are some a few verbs that can be
both state and action verbs depending on their
meaning.
I think you made a mistake.
think = believe

I am thinking about my mum now.
think = mental process

I have two cars.
have = possess, own

I am having my lunch now.
have = eat

I am seeing my friend tomorrow evening.
see = meeting with

I see what you mean.
See = understand





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PRACTICE
Decide if these English verbs are action
verbs, state verbs, or can be both action and
state verbs.

Enjoy_____________


read ___________________

weigh ____________

feel _________________

mind _____________

prefer _______________

smell _____________

hear ________________

play _____________

burn ________________

matter ____________

measure _____________

contain ___________

agree _______________

look _____________
_
worry _______________
_







3. Present Continuous and Present Simple to talk about the future.
We use the Present Continuous Tense for plans and arrangements.

What are you doing tonight?
I'm seeing a very important customer in my office at 4 o'clock.
We are going to the see for our holiday.
Where are you staying in Vienna?
I'm not going anywhere. It is final.

We use the Present Simple in the conditional clauses afterif, when, as soon as, until etc, and when we
talk about timetable, schedules, itineraries etc.

What will you do if you fail your exam?
We will wait, until she comes.

My plane takes off at 9.00.
The President arrives in Norway on 17 September.
What time does your train leave?
PRACTICE..
Put the verb in brackets in the correct form, either the Present Simple Tense or the Present Continuous Tense.

1. I__________________ a very interesting book. (read am reading)


2. Joanne______________ eight hours a day. (works is working)

3. Tonight we___________________ a play at the theatre. (see are seeing)

4. Who _______________________ to? (do you speak are you speaking)

5. I _________________________ him very well. (dont know am not knowing)

6. What will you do if she ____________________ late? (comes is coming)

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7. My wife ______________________ coffee for breakfast. (prefers is prefering)

8. What ____________________________ for breakfast? (do you usually have are you usually having)

9. Your train________________________ at 17.25 from platform 3. (leaves is leaving)

10. What ________________________? She's a student. (does Josephine do is Josephine doing)


1.2. SIMPLE PAST & PAST CONTINOUS TENSE

1.2.1. SIMPLE PAST FORM:
[VERB+ed] or irregular verbs
Examples:
You called Debbie.
Did you call Debbie?
You did not call Debbie.

Most verbs conjugate by adding -ed like the verb "wait" below.
Positive Negative Question
I waited.
You waited.
We waited.
They waited.
He waited.
She waited.
It waited.
I did not wait.
You did not wait.
We did not wait.
They did not wait.
He did not wait.
She did not wait.
It did not wait.
Did I wait?
Did you wait?
Did we wait?
Did they wait?
Did he wait?
Did she wait?
Did it wait?

USE 1. Completed Action in the Past

Use the Simple Past to express the idea that an action started and finished at a specific time in the past.
Sometimes, the speaker may not actually mention the specific time, but they do have one specific time in mind.
Examples:

I saw a movie yesterday.
I didn't see a play yesterday.
Last year, I traveled to Japan.
Last year, I didn't travel to Korea.
Did you have dinner last night?
She washed her car.
He didn't wash his car.

USE 2. A Series of Completed Actions

We use the Simple Past to list a series
and so on.
Examples:
I finished work, walked to the beach, and
He arrived from the airport at 8:00,
Did you add flour, pour in the milk, and then

USE 3. Duration in Past
The Simple Past can be used with a duration which starts and
often indicated by expressions such as: for two years, for five minutes, all day, all year, etc.
Examples:
I lived in Brazil for two years.
Shauna studied Japanese for five years.
They sat at the beach all day.
They did not stay at the party the entire time.
We talked on the phone for thirty minutes.
A: How long did you wait for them?
B: We waited for one hour.
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yesterday.
to Japan.
to Korea.
dinner last night?
A Series of Completed Actions

series of completed actions in the past. These actions happen 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th,
to the beach, and found a nice place to swim.
from the airport at 8:00, checked into the hotel at 9:00, and met the others at 10:00.
in the milk, and then add the eggs?

The Simple Past can be used with a duration which starts and stops in the past. A duration is a longer action
often indicated by expressions such as: for two years, for five minutes, all day, all year, etc.
in Brazil for two years.
Japanese for five years.
day.
at the party the entire time.
on the phone for thirty minutes.
for them?
for one hour.

of completed actions in the past. These actions happen 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th,
the others at 10:00.
stops in the past. A duration is a longer action
often indicated by expressions such as: for two years, for five minutes, all day, all year, etc.

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USE 4. Habits in the Past


The Simple Past can also be used to describe a habit which stopped in the past. It can have the same meaning
as "used to." To make it clear that we are talking about a habit, we often add expressions such as: always, often,
usually, never, when I was a child, when I was younger, etc.
Examples:
I studied French when I was a child.
He played the violin.
He didn't play the piano.
Did you play a musical instrument when you were a kid?
She worked at the movie theater after school.
They never went to school, they always skipped class.


USE 5. Past Facts or Generalizations


The Simple Past can also be used to describe past facts or generalizations which are no longer true. As in USE
4 above, this use of the Simple Past is quite similar to the expression "used to."
Examples:
She was shy as a child, but now she is very outgoing.
He didn't like tomatoes before.
Did you live in Texas when you were a kid?
People paid much more to make cell phone calls in the past.


IMPORTANT When-Clauses Happen First
Clauses are groups of words which have meaning but are often not complete sentences. Some clauses begin
with the word "when" such as "when I dropped my pen..." or "when class began..." These clauses are called
when-clauses, and they are very important. The examples below contain when-clauses.


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Examples:
When I paid her one dollar, she answered my question.
She answered my question when I paid her one dollar.
When-clauses are important because they always happen first when both clauses are in the Simple Past. Both
of the examples above mean the same thing: first, I paid her one dollar, and then, she answered my question. It
is not important whether "when I paid her one dollar" is at the beginning of the sentence or at the end of the
sentence. However, the example below has a different meaning. First, she answered my question, and then, I
paid her one dollar.
1.2.2. PAST CONTINUOUS FORM

[was/were + present participle]
Examples:
You were studying when she called.
Were you studying when she called?
You were not studying when she called.
Past Continuous Forms
Positive Negative Question
I was singing.
You were singing.
We were singing.
They were singing.
He was singing.
She was singing.
It was singing.
I was not singing.
You were not singing.
We were not singing.
They were not singing.
He was not singing.
She was not singing.
It was not singing.
Was I singing?
Were you singing?
Were we singing?
Were they singing?
Was he singing?
Was she singing?
Was it singing?

USE 1. Interrupted Action in the Past


Use the Past Continuous to indicate that a longer action in the past was interrupted. The interruption is usually a
shorter action in the Simple Past. Remember this can be a real interruption or just an interruption in time.

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Examples:
I was watching TV when she called.
When the phone rang, she was writing a letter.
While we were having the picnic, it started to rain.
What were you doing when the earthquake started?
I was listening to my iPod, so I didn't hear the fire alarm.
You were not listening to me when I told you to turn the oven off.
While John was sleeping last night, someone stole his car.
Sammy was waiting for us when we got off the plane.
While I was writing the email, the computer suddenly went off.
A: What were you doing when you broke your leg?
B: I was snowboarding.

USE 2. Specific Time as an Interruption


In USE 1, described above, the Past Continuous is interrupted by a shorter action in the Simple Past. However,
you can also use a specific time as an interruption.
Examples:
Last night at 6 PM, I was eating dinner.
At midnight, we were still driving through the desert.
Yesterday at this time, I was sitting at my desk at work.

IMPORTANT
In the Simple Past, a specific time is used to show when an action began or finished. In the Past Continuous, a
specific time only interrupts the action.
Examples:
Last night at 6 PM, I ate dinner.
I STARTED EATING AT 6 PM.
Last night at 6 PM, I was eating dinner.
I STARTED EARLIER; AND AT 6 PM, I WAS IN THE PROCESS OF EATING DINNER.

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USE 3. Parallel Actions


When you use the Past Continuous with two actions in the same sentence, it expresses the idea that both
actions were happening at the same time. The actions are parallel.
Examples:
I was studying while he was making dinner.
While Ellen was reading, Tim was watching television.
Were you listening while he was talking?
I wasn't paying attention while I was writing the letter, so I made several mistakes.
What were you doing while you were waiting?
Thomas wasn't working, and I wasn't working either.
They were eating dinner, discussing their plans, and having a good time.

USE 4. Atmosphere

In English, we often use a series of parallel actions to describe the atmosphere at a particular time in the past.
Example:
When I walked into the office, several people were busily typing, some were talking on the phones,
the bosswas yelling directions, and customers were waiting to be helped. One customer was
yelling at a secretary and waving his hands. Others were complaining to each other about the bad
service.

USE 5. Repetition and Irritation with "Always"


The Past Continuous with words such as "always" or "constantly" expresses the idea that something irritating or
shocking often happened in the past. The concept is very similar to the expression "used to" but with negative
emotion. Remember to put the words "always" or "constantly" between "be" and "verb+ing."
Examples:

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She was always coming to class late.
He was constantly talking. He annoyed everyone.
I didn't like them because they were always complaining.

While vs. When
Clauses are groups of words which have meaning, but are often not complete sentences. Some clauses begin
with the word "when" such as "when she called" or "when it bit me." Other clauses begin with "while" such as
"while she was sleeping" and "while he was surfing." When you talk about things in the past, "when" is most
often followed by the verb tense Simple Past, whereas "while" is usually followed by Past Continuous. "While"
expresses the idea of "during that time." Study the examples below. They have similar meanings, but they
emphasize different parts of the sentence.
Examples:
I was studying when she called.
While I was studying, she called.
REMEMBER Non-Continuous Verbs / Mixed Verbs

It is important to remember that Non-Continuous Verbs cannot be used in any continuous tenses. Also, certain
non-continuous meanings for Mixed Verbs cannot be used in continuous tenses. Instead of using Past
Continuous with these verbs, you must use Simple Past.
Examples:
Jane was being at my house when you arrived. Not Correct
Jane was at my house when you arrived. Correct

EXERCISE
Using the words in parentheses and complete the text below with the appropriate tenses.

Last night, while I was doing my homework, Angela (call) __________________. She said she (call)
______________ me on her cell phone from her biology classroom at UCLA. I asked her if she (wait)
______________ for class, but she said that the professor was at the front of the hall lecturing while she (talk)
______________ to me. I couldn't believe she (make) ________________ a phone call during the lecture. I
asked what was going on.

She said her biology professor was so boring that several of the students (sleep, actually) __________________
in class. Some of the students (talk) _______________ about their plans for the weekend and the student next
to her (draw) ___________________ a picture of a horse. When Angela (tell) ___________________ me she
was not satisfied with the class, I (mention) ________________ that my biology professor was quite good and
(suggest) ________________ that she switch to my class.

While we were talking, I (hear) ________________ her professor yell, "Miss, are you making a phone call?"
Suddenly, the line went dead. I (hang) _______________ up the phone and went to the kitchen to make dinner.
As I (cut) ___________________ vegetables for a salad, the phone rang once again. It (be) _____________
Angela, but this time she wasn't sitting in class.

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2. VOCABULARY
2.1. SUBJECT & OBJECT PRONOUNS
We use subject pronouns as subjects of sentences and object pronouns as objects.

Subject Pronouns Object Pronouns
Singular
1st person I I kicked the ball me
John kicked the ball
to me.
2nd person you You like to study. you
John wants to talk
toyou.
3rd person (male) he He eats green cheese. him Mary doesn't likehim.
3rd person (female) she She likes ice cream. her John kissed her.
3rd person (non-
person)
it It bit John. it John smashed it.
Plural
1st person we
We enjoy going to
themovies.
us The politician lied tous.
2nd person you You are the best students. you I wouldn't lie to you.
3rd person they They are not happy. them Mary didn't invitethem.

Extra Credit
We use pronouns as substitutes for noun phrases. The pronoun and the noun phrase that it refers to mean the
same thing.

Just for fun consider the following example. If this one doesn't make sense, don't worry about it. It's just for fun.





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EXERCISE.

PRONOUNS
INSTRUCTIONS. Replace the underlined word or words with the appropriate pronoun.
Example: John kicked the ball He

You and your family should take a long vacation. _________________________________
I saw Julie and Jill at the shopping mall. ________________________________
Get the dog out of the house. __________________________
Max scored three goals in the match against Italy._____________________________
Mary beat the boy up for his lunch money. _______________________
Max smashed his car into the tree. _________________________


2.2. POSSESIVE ADJETIVES
Possessive adjectives show ownership or belonging. They must go somewhere before a noun.







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EXERCISE..

1. I am practicing ___ English.
2. You are working with _____ teacher
3. We are doing ______ work.
4. They are in _______ house.
5. Open _____ books and turn to the first lesson.
6. She wants to see ______ father.
7. It has ______ own food.
8. ______ name is (your name here).
9. ______ name is John.
10. _____ name is Julia.




2.3. FRECUENCY ADVERBS
The most common frequency adverbs in English are:
Always
Frequently
Usually
Often
Sometimes
Occasionally
Seldom
Rarely
Never

100% of the time
about 90% of the time
about 80% of the time
about 70% of the time
about 50% of the time
about 40% of the time
about 20% of the time
about 10% of the time
about 00% of the time

Note: The percentages here are rough estimates only.

Frequency adverbs can be placed at various points in the sentence, but are most commonly used before
the main verbs and after be verbs.

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I always come to work on time.
They are seldom home when we call.
He's usually eating breakfast at this time.
She's never been to Maine.
A: Do you come here often?
B: Yes. I'm here occasionally.
A: What do you usually do here?
B: Sometimes I just sit and ponder the meaning of life.

Note: The adverbs seldom, rarely, never and hardly ever are considered negative.

A: Do you always carry a briefcase?
B: (Yes,) I usually do.
No, I usually don't.
No, I rarely do.
No, I hardly ever do.

Other frequency adverbs and expressions are as follows:

Every day/week/month
Every other day/week
Once a week/month/year
Twice a year/day, etc.
(Every) once in a while
Every so often

These expressions are used at the beginning and end of sentences, not before main verbs.

Every once in a while I visit my grandmother in Minnesota.
I visit my grandmother in Minnesota every once in a while.
I every once in a while visit my grandmother in Minnesota. (Incorrect)

Regularly
Normally
Traditionally

(according to schedule)
(commonly nowadays)
(commonly in the past)

These words can come at various points in the sentence.
I regularly floss my teeth.
I floss my teeth regularly.
Traditionally, that was considered child's play.
I normally get up around 6 o'clock.
Normally, I get up around 6 o'clock.

EXERCISE

Write 10 sentences using adverbs of frequency


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2.4. TIME EXPRESSIONS


Time expressions usually go at the end or at the beginning of a sentence:
Yesterday I went to school.
I went to school yesterday.
This week I'm going to New York.
I'm going to New York this week.
OTHER POPULAR TIME EXPRESSIONS:





EXERCISE

Write a sentence with each of the expressions












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expressions time in past, present and future.




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SEGUNDO PERODO

1. GRAMMAR

1.1. SIMPLE FUTURE FORM: WILL AND GOING TO
Simple Future has two different forms in English: "will" and "be going to." Although the two forms can sometimes
be used interchangeably, they often express two very different meanings. These different meanings might seem
too abstract at first, but with time and practice, the differences will become clear. Both "will" and "be going to"
refer to a specific time in the future.

FORM Will
[will + verb]
Examples:
You will help him later.
Will you help him later?
You will not help him later.

FORM Be Going To
[am/is/are + going to + verb]
Examples:
You are going to meet Jane tonight.
Are you going to meet Jane tonight?
You are not going to meet Jane tonight.


Simple Future Forms Using "Will"
Positive Negative Question
I will help.
You will help.
We will help.
They will help.
He will help.
She will help.
It will help.
I will not help.
You will not help.
We will not help.
They will not help.
He will not help.
She will not help.
It will not help.
Will I help?
Will you help?
Will we help?
Will they help?
Will he help?
Will she help?
Will it help?

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Using "Be Going to"
Positive Negative Question
I am going to leave.
You are going to leave.
We are going to leave.
They are going to
leave.
He is going to leave.
She is going to leave.
It is going to leave.
I am not going to leave.
You are not going to
leave.
We are not going to
leave.
They are not going to
leave.
He is not going to leave.
She is not going to leave.
It is not going to leave.
Am I going to leave?
Are you going to leave?
Are we going to leave?
Are they going to leave?
Is he going to leave?
Is she going to leave?
Is it going to leave?

USE 1. "Will" to Express a Voluntary Action

"Will" often suggests that a speaker will do something voluntarily. A voluntary action is one the speaker offers to
do for someone else. Often, we use "will" to respond to someone else's complaint or request for help. We also
use "will" when we request that someone help us or volunteer to do something for us. Similarly, we use "will not"
or "won't" when we refuse to voluntarily do something.
Examples:
I will send you the information when I get it.
I will translate the email, so Mr. Smith can read it.
Will you help me move this heavy table?
Will you make dinner?
I will not do your homework for you.
I won't do all the housework myself!
A: I'm really hungry.
B: I'll make some sandwiches.
A: I'm so tired. I'm about to fall asleep.
B: I'll get you some coffee.
A: The phone is ringing.
B: I'll get it.

USE 2. "Will" to Express a Promise

"Will" is usually used in promises.
Examples:
I will call you when I arrive.

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If I am elected President of the United States, I will make sure everyone has access to inexpensive
health insurance.
I promise I will not tell him about the surprise party.
Don't worry, I'll be careful.
I won't tell anyone your secret.

USE 3 "Be going to" to Express a Plan

"Be going to" expresses that something is a plan. It expresses the idea that a person intends to do something in
the future. It does not matter whether the plan is realistic or not.
Examples:
He is going to spend his vacation in Hawaii.
She is not going to spend her vacation in Hawaii.
A: When are we going to meet each other tonight?
B: We are going to meet at 6 PM.
I'm going to be an actor when I grow up.
Michelle is going to begin medical school next year.
They are going to drive all the way to Alaska.
Who are you going to invite to the party?
A: Who is going to make John's birthday cake?
B: Sue is going to make John's birthday cake.

USE 4. "Will" or "Be Going to" to Express a Prediction

Both "will" and "be going to" can express the idea of a general prediction about the future. Predictions are
guesses about what might happen in the future. In "prediction" sentences, the subject usually has little control
over the future and therefore USES 1-3 do not apply. In the following examples, there is no difference in
meaning.
Examples:
The year 2222 will be a very interesting year.
The year 2222 is going to be a very interesting year.
John Smith will be the next President.
John Smith is going to be the next President.
The movie "Zenith" will win several Academy Awards.
The movie "Zenith" is going to win several Academy Awards.

IMPORTANT
In the Simple Future, it is not always clear which USE the speaker has in mind. Often, there is more than one
way to interpret a sentence's meaning.

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No Future in Time Clauses
Like all future forms, the Simple Future cannot be used in clauses beginning with time expressions such as:
when, while, before, after, by the time, as soon as, if, unless, etc. Instead of Simple Future, Simple Present is
used.
Examples:
When you will arrive tonight, we will go out for dinner. Not Correct
When you arrive tonight, we will go out for dinner. Correct


EXERCISE


Using the words in parentheses, complete the text below with the appropriate tenses Will / Be Going To.
1. A: Why are you holding a piece of paper?
B: I (write) _______________________________ a letter to my friends back home in Texas.

2. A: I'm about to fall asleep. I need to wake up!
B: I (get) _________________________________ you a cup of coffee. That will wake you up.

3. A: I can't hear the television!
B: I (turn) _________________________________ it up so you can hear it.

4. We are so excited about our trip next month to France. We (visit) ___________________________________
Paris, Nice and Grenoble.

5. Sarah (come) ______________________ to the party. Oliver (be) _______________________ there as well.

6. Ted: It is so hot in here!
Sarah: I (turn) ________________________________ the air-conditioning on.

7. I think he (be) ___________________________ the next President of the United States.

8. After I graduate, I (attend) ______________________________ medical school and become a doctor. I have
wanted to be a doctor all my life.

9. A: Excuse me, I need to talk to someone about our hotel room. I am afraid it is simply too small for four
people.
B: That man at the service counter (help) ___________________________________ you.

10. As soon as the weather clears up, we (walk) ____________________ down to the beach and go swimming.





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1.2. FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE

Future Continuous has two different forms: "will be doing " and "be going to be doing." Unlike Simple
Future forms, Future Continuous forms are usually interchangeable.
FORM Future Continuous with "Will"
[will be + present participle]
Examples:
You will be waiting for her when her plane arrives tonight.
Will you be waiting for her when her plane arrives tonight?
You will not be waiting for her when her plane arrives tonight.

FORM Future Continuous with "Be Going To "
[am/is/are + going to be + present participle]
Examples:
You are going to be waiting for her when her plane arrives tonight.
Are you going to be waiting for her when her plane arrives tonight?
You are not going to be waiting for her when her plane arrives tonight.

REMEMBER: It is possible to use either "will" or "be going to" to create the Future Continuous with little
difference in meaning.
Future Continuous Forms Using "Will be"
Positive Negative Question
I will be waiting.
You will be waiting.
We will be waiting.
They will be waiting.
He will be waiting.
She will be waiting.
It will be waiting.
I will not be waiting.
You will not be waiting.
We will not be waiting.
They will not be waiting.
He will not be waiting.
She will not be waiting.
It will not be waiting.
Will I be waiting?
Will you be waiting?
Will we be waiting?
Will they be waiting?
Will he be waiting?
Will she be waiting?
Will it be waiting?


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Using "Be Going To"
Positive Negative Question
I am going to be waiting.
You are going to be waiting.
We are going to be waiting.
They are going to be waiting.
He is going to be waiting.
She is going to be waiting.
It is going to be waiting.
I am not going to be waiting.
You are not going to be waiting.
We are not going to be waiting.
They are not going to be waiting.
He is not going to be waiting.
She is not going to be waiting.
It is not going to be waiting.
Am I going to be waiting?
Are you going to be waiting?
Are we going to be waiting?
Are they going to be waiting?
Is he going to be waiting?
Is she going to be waiting?
Is it going to be waiting?

USE 1. Interrupted Action in the Future


Use the Future Continuous to indicate that a longer action in the future will be interrupted by a shorter action in
the future. Remember this can be a real interruption or just an interruption in time.
Examples:
I will be watching TV when she arrives tonight.
I will be waiting for you when your bus arrives.
I am going to be staying at the Madison Hotel, if anything happens and you need to contact me.
He will be studying at the library tonight, so he will not see Jennifer when she arrives.
Notice in the examples above that the interruptions (marked in italics) are in Simple Present rather than Simple
Future. This is because the interruptions are in time clauses, and you cannot use future tenses in time clauses.
USE 2. Specific Time as an Interruption in the Future


In USE 1, described above, the Future Continuous is interrupted by a short action in the future. In addition to
using short actions as interruptions, you can also use a specific time as an interruption.


25

Examples:
Tonight at 6 PM, I am going to be eating dinner.
I WILL BE IN THE PROCESS OF EATING DINNER.
At midnight tonight, we will still be driving through the desert.
WE WILL BE IN THE PROCESS OF DRIVING THROUGH THE DESERT.

REMEMBER. In the Simple Future, a specific time is used to show the time an action will begin or end. In the
Future Continuous, a specific time interrupts the action.

Examples:
Tonight at 6 PM, I am going to eat dinner.
I AM GOING TO START EATING AT 6 PM.
Tonight at 6 PM, I am going to be eating dinner.
I AM GOING TO START EARLIER AND I WILL BE IN THE PROCESS OF EATING DINNER AT 6 PM.

USE 3. Parallel Actions in the Future


When you use the Future Continuous with two actions in the same sentence, it expresses the idea that both
actions will be happening at the same time. The actions are parallel.
Examples:
I am going to be studying and he is going to be making dinner.
Tonight, they will be eating dinner, discussing their plans, and having a good time.
While Ellen is reading, Tim will be watching television.
NOTICE "IS READING" BECAUSE OF THE TIME CLAUSE CONTAINING "WHILE." (SEE EXPLANATION BELOW)

USE 4. Atmosphere in the Future

In English, we often use a series of Parallel Actions to describe atmosphere at a specific point in the future.
Example:
When I arrive at the party, everybody is going to be celebrating. Some will be dancing. Others are
going to be talking. A few people will be eating pizza, and several people are going to be
drinking beer. They always do the same thing.

26


REMEMBER No Future in Time Clauses
Like all future tenses, the Future Continuous cannot be used in clauses beginning with time expressions such
as: when, while, before, after, by the time, as soon as, if, unless, etc. Instead of Future Continuous, Present
Continuous is used.
Examples:
While I am going to be finishing my homework, she is going to make dinner. Not Correct
While I am finishing my homework, she is going to make dinner. Correct

AND REMEMBER Non-Continuous Verbs / Mixed Verbs
It is important to remember that Non-Continuous Verbs cannot be used in any continuous tenses. Also, certain
non-continuous meanings for Mixed Verbs cannot be used in continuous tenses. Instead of using Future
Continuous with these verbs, you must use Simple Future.
Examples:
Jane will be being at my house when you arrive. Not Correct
Jane will be at my house when you arrive. Correct


Using the words in parentheses, complete the text below with the appropriate tenses will be or be going
to.

EXERCISE..

1.
Sandra: Where is Tim going to meet us?
Marcus: He (wait) ________________________________ for us when our train arrives. I am sure he (stand)
_________________________________ on the platform when we pull into the station.
Sandra: And then what?
Marcus: We (pick) ____________________________ Michele up at work and go out to dinner.

2.
Ted: When we get to the party, Jerry (watch) ____________________________ TV, Sam (make)
__________________________ drinks, Beth (dance) _____________________________ by herself, and

27

Thad (complain) ______________________ about his day at work.
Robin: Maybe, this time they won't be doing the same things.
Ted: I am absolutely positive they (do) ____________________________________ the same things; they
always do the same things.

3.
Florence: Oh, look at that mountain of dirty dishes! Who (wash) _________________________ all of those?
Jack: I promise I (do) ___________________________ them when I get home from work.
Florence: Thanks.
Jack: When you get home this evening, that mountain will be gone and nice stacks of sparkling clean dishes

(sit) ________________________________ in the cabinets.



1.3. POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS & ADJETIVES


















28









29

EXERCISE



Part C. Fill out the chart below with the correct possessive adjectives and possessive pronouns.















30

2. VOCABULARY

2.1. TECHNOLOGY VERBS

Here are some useful verbs related to using the computer:



Use some of the words from the table above to fill the gaps in the sentences below.
1. To ________________is to move text up and down so that you can see different parts of a document.
2. To _______________is to press the mouse button and release it immediately. Sometimes you double
________________ an icon - to open a file, for example.

3. f you want to move a bloc! of text, you can ________________it with the mouse to a different position.
". #ou can ___________________more characters or data into a text that is already on the screen.
$. f you are %oin% to use a new dis!, you may have _______________it first.

EXERCISES

Research others technology verbs and performs prayers with them.











31

TERCER PERODO

1. GRAMMAR

1.1. PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

FORM
[has/have + past participle]
Examples:
You have seen that movie many times.
Have you seen that movie many times?
You have not seen that movie many times.

Present Perfect Forms
Positive Negative Question
I have traveled.
You have traveled.
We have traveled.
They have traveled.
He has traveled.
She has traveled.
It has traveled.
I have not traveled.
You have not traveled.
We have not traveled.
They have not traveled.
He has not traveled.
She has not traveled.
It has not traveled.
Have I traveled?
Have you traveled?
Have we traveled?
Have they traveled?
Has he traveled?
Has she traveled?
Has it traveled?

USE 1. Unspecified Time Before Now


We use the Present Perfect to say that an action happened at an unspecified time before now. The exact time is
not important. You CANNOT use the Present Perfect with specific time expressions such as: yesterday, one
year ago, last week, when I was a child, when I lived in Japan, at that moment, that day, one day, etc. We CAN
use the Present Perfect with unspecific expressions such as: ever, never, once, many times, several times,
before, so far, already, yet, etc.
Examples:
I have seen that movie twenty times.
I think I have met him once before.
There have been many earthquakes in California.

People have traveled to the Moon.
People have not traveled to
Have you read the book yet?
Nobody has ever climbed that mountain.
A: Has there ever been a war in the United States?
B: Yes, there has been a war in the United States.

How Do You Actually Use the Present Perfect?
The concept of "unspecified time" can be very confusing to English learners. It is best to associate Present
Perfect with the following topics:
TOPIC 1. Experience

You can use the Present Perfect to describe your
can also use this tense to say that you have never had a certain experience. The Present Perfe
describe a specific event.
Examples:
I have been to France.
THIS SENTENCE MEANS THAT YOU HAVE HAD THE
THERE ONCE, OR SEVERAL TIMES
I have been to France three times.
YOU CAN ADD THE NUMBER OF TIMES AT T
I have never been to France.
THIS SENTENCE MEANS THAT YOU HAVE NOT HAD
I think I have seen that movie before.
He has never traveled by train.
Joan has studied two foreign
A: Have you ever met him?
B: No, I have not met him.

TOPIC 2. Change Over Time
We often use the Present Perfect to talk about change that has happened over a period of time.
Examples:
You have grown since the last time I saw you.
The government has become
Japanese has become one of the most popular courses at the university since the Asian studies
program was established.
My English has really improved
32
to the Moon.
to Mars.
the book yet?
that mountain.
a war in the United States?
a war in the United States.
How Do You Actually Use the Present Perfect?
can be very confusing to English learners. It is best to associate Present
You can use the Present Perfect to describe your experience. It is like saying, "I have the experience of..." You
can also use this tense to say that you have never had a certain experience. The Present Perfe
HAT YOU HAVE HAD THE EXPERIENCE OF BEING IN FRANCE
OR SEVERAL TIMES.
to France three times.
NUMBER OF TIMES AT THE END OF THE SENTENCE.
to France.
HAT YOU HAVE NOT HAD THE EXPERIENCE OF GOING TO F
that movie before.
by train.
two foreign languages.


We often use the Present Perfect to talk about change that has happened over a period of time.
since the last time I saw you.
has become more interested in arts education.
one of the most popular courses at the university since the Asian studies

improved since I moved to Australia.

can be very confusing to English learners. It is best to associate Present
. It is like saying, "I have the experience of..." You
can also use this tense to say that you have never had a certain experience. The Present Perfect is NOT used to
RANCE. MAYBE YOU HAVE BEEN
FRANCE.
We often use the Present Perfect to talk about change that has happened over a period of time.
one of the most popular courses at the university since the Asian studies

33


TOPIC 3. Accomplishments
We often use the Present Perfect to list the accomplishments of individuals and humanity. You cannot mention a
specific time.
Examples:
Man has walked on the Moon.
Our son has learned how to read.
Doctors have cured many deadly diseases.
Scientists have split the atom.

TOPIC 4. An Uncompleted Action You Are Expecting
We often use the Present Perfect to say that an action which we expected has not happened. Using the Present
Perfect suggests that we are still waiting for the action to happen.
Examples:
James has not finished his homework yet.
Susan hasn't mastered Japanese, but she can communicate.
Bill has still not arrived.
The rain hasn't stopped.

TOPIC 5. Multiple Actions at Different Times
We also use the Present Perfect to talk about several different actions which have occurred in the past at
different times. Present Perfect suggests the process is not complete and more actions are possible.
Examples:
The army has attacked that city five times.
I have had four quizzes and five tests so far this semester.
We have had many major problems while working on this project.
She has talked to several specialists about her problem, but nobody knows why she is sick.

Time Expressions with Present Perfect
When we use the Present Perfect it means that something has happened at some point in our lives before now.
Remember, the exact time the action happened is not important.



34

Sometimes, we want to limit the time we are looking in for an experience. We can do this with expressions such
as: in the last week, in the last year, this week, this month, so far, up to now, etc.

Examples:
Have you been to Mexico in the last year?
I have seen that movie six times in the last month.
They have had three tests in the last week.
She graduated from university less than three years ago. She has worked for three different
companies so far.
My car has broken down three times this week.
NOTICE
"Last year" and "in the last year" are very different in meaning. "Last year" means the year before now, and it is
considered a specific time which requires Simple Past. "In the last year" means from 365 days ago until now. It is
not considered a specific time, so it requires Present Perfect.
Examples:
I went to Mexico last year.
I WENT TO MEXICO IN THE CALENDAR YEAR BEFORE THIS ONE.
I have been to Mexico in the last year.
I HAVE BEEN TO MEXICO AT LEAST ONCE AT SOME POINT BETWEEN 365 DAYS AGO AND NOW.

USE 2. Duration From the Past Until Now (Non-Continuous Verbs)


With Non-Continuous Verbs and non-continuous uses of Mixed Verbs, we use the Present Perfect to show that
something started in the past and has continued up until now. "For five minutes," "for two weeks," and "since
Tuesday" are all durations which can be used with the Present Perfect.
Examples:
I have had a cold for two weeks.
She has been in England for six months.
Mary has loved chocolate since she was a little girl.

35

Although the above use of Present Perfect is normally limited to Non-Continuous Verbs and non-continuous
uses of Mixed Verbs, the words "live," "work," "teach," and "study" are sometimes used in this way even though
they are NOT Non-Continuous Verbs.

EXERCISE TO SIMPLE PAST AND PRESENT PERFECT

Using the words in parentheses, complete the text below with the appropriate tenses.


1. A: Did you like the movie "Star Wars?"
B: I don't know. I (see, never) _____________________________ that movie.

2. Sam (arrive) ________________________ in San Diego a week ago.
3. My best friend and I (know) ____________________________________ each other for over fifteen years.
We still get together once a week.
4. Stinson is a fantastic writer. He (write) __________________________________ ten very creative short
stories in the last year. One day, he'll be as famous as Hemingway.
5. I (have, not) ________________________ this much fun since I (be) __________________________ a kid.
6. Things (change) ______________________ a great deal at Coltech, Inc. When we first (start)
__________________________ working here three years ago, the company (have, only)
_______________________________ six employees. Since then, we (expand) _______________________
to include more than 2000 full-time workers.

7. I (tell) ______________________________ him to stay on the path while he was hiking, but he (wander)
_________________________________ off into the forest and (be) _____________________________ bitten
by a snake.

8. Listen Donna, I don't care if you (miss) _________________________ the bus this morning. You (be)
_______________________________ late to work too many times. You are fired!

9. Sam is from Colorado, which is hundreds of miles from the coast, so he (see, never) __________________
the ocean. He should come with us to Miami.

36

2. VOCABULARY

Review activities proposed by the teacher

2.1. YET, ALREADY
Already means that something happened earlier than we expected. With Present Perfect already usually goes
after have or has and before the main verb.
Examples

- We've already had our breakfast.

- When are you going to do your homework?
- But I've already done it!

- Do you want a cup of coffee?
- No, thanks. I've already had one."
Yet means that something that we expected has happened or hasn't happened. We usually put it at the end of a
sentence.
Examples

- Has the post arrived yet?

- Have you done your homework?
- Not yet.

- Haven't you got ready yet? Look at the time!
EXERCISES

Write 10 sentences using already and 10 sentences using yet


2.2. PAST PARTICIPLE OF VERBS.

Participles come in two varieties: past and present. They are two of the five forms or principal parts that
every verb has. Look at the charts below.

Notice that each present participle ends in ing. This is the case 100 percent of the time.
On the other hand, you can see that past participles do not have a consistent ending. The past participles of
all regular verbs end in ed; the past participles of irregular verbs, however, vary considerably. If you look
at bring and sing, for example, you'll see that their past participlesbrought and sungdo not follow the
same pattern even though both verbs have ing as the last three letters.

37

Consult a dictionary whenever you are unsure of a verb's past participle form.



EXERCISE

Research the functions of participles.






38

CUARTO PERODO

1. GRAMMAR:

1.1. REVIEW THE PRESENT PERFECT & PRESENT TENSE & PAST TENSE. EXERCISES PROPOSED
FOR YOUR TEACHER


2. VOCABULARY

2.1. FAMILY

Your family members are also called your relatives. You have an immediate or nuclear family and
anextended family. Your immediate family includes your father, mother and siblings. Your extended family
includes all of the people in your father and mother's families.

Your sibling is your brother or sister. If you have 1 brother and 2 sisters, then you have 3 siblings. Your parent is
your father or mother. Your child is your son or daughter. Your spouse is your husband or wife.

You may also have a stepfamily. Your stepfamily includes people who became part of your family due to
changes in family life. These changes may include death, divorce or separation. New partnerships create new
children. The new children and their relatives become part of your blended family. Some people are born into a
stepfamily.



39



In a family, the word generation means all the people in one stage of the family. For example, your parents are
one generation, you and your siblings are the next generation, and your children and their cousins are another
generation.

READING PRACTICE

Read the following birth announcement. Then answer the questions below it.

Paul and Kerry McDonald would like to welcome their new son Christopher Casey to the clan! Weighing 4.2
kilograms, Chris was born on January 2nd at 3:30pm. He will join sister Rachel, 6 and brother Malcolm, 4 in the
McDonald household in Vancouver, Canada. Christopher's proud aunts Kathy McDonald and Sherry Smith were
present at his birth. Grandparents, Lisa and Mike Smith were also present. Chris's grandmother in Texas will be
arriving soon to meet her new grandson. Cousins Jerry, Fern, and Lindsay can't wait to meet baby Chris too!
The proud parents would like to thank all of their extended family for the warm wishes and gifts.

1. What is Christopher's mother's name?
2. Who are Christopher's siblings?
3. How is Kathy McDonald related to the newborn?
4. Who will be coming to see Chris soon ?
5. Who is Kathy in relation to Kerry?

40

2.2. PROFESSIONS

Some vocabulary of jobs and professions in English and Spanish.




EXERCISE

Research which professions missing, complete the list and translated into Spanish the entire list.



41

2.3. JOBS SICKNESS

The words below are some of the most important used when talking about the Health and Healthcare. Research
more of this and translated into Spanich.

ache
ear ache
headache
stomach ache
toothache
cancer
cold
cough
flu
heart attack
heart disease
infectious disease
pain
virus
bruise
cut
graze
wound





2.4. SINCE, FOR

The words for and since are used in sentences where the speaker wants to talk about something that started in
the past and continues into the present.
For is used when specifying the amount of time (how long):
I've had this watch for more than 40 years.
I've only known her for a few weeks.
He's been here for 6 months and still can't speak a word of German.
She's been smoking for a long time. No wonder she coughs so much!
Since is used when specifying the starting point:
I've had this watch since 1965.
I've only known her since the beginning of last week.
He's been here since April and he still can't speak a word of German.
She's been smoking since she started grade 5. No wonder she coughs so much!

42

Note: The present perfect or present perfect continuous are needed in such sentences. It is wrong to say:
- I know her for two years.
- I know her since 2006.

EXERCISES

Complete the sentences with (For or Since)

1. I've had my computer _________ more than five years.
2. She has spoken 3 languages _________ she was a child.
3. It's ok. I've only been waiting _________ a few minutes.
4. I haven't played tennis _________ I came to Germany.
5. Our family has lived in this house _________ just after the war.
6. Why are you so late? I've been standing here _______ 7.30.
7. I've been looking for my keys _______ the last 10 minutes. Can you help me?
8. Where's Miho? - Didn't you know? She's been in hospital _______ yesterday morning.
9. It's been raining for ________ over three hours. When will it ever stop?
10. Our cat has been missing _________ last Tuesday. We think it's been in an accident.




























43

PRUEBA SABER

PREGUNTAS DE SELECCIN MTIPLE CON
NICA RESPUESTA

PARTE 1
En las preguntas 1 a 5 marque A,B o C. La que
considere correcta.

Dnde puedes ver estos avisos?

1. It must be kept in the refrigerator
a) A box of cookies.
b) A box of ice cream.
c) A box of soap.

2. Keep doors closed
a) In a church.
b) In a room with air conditioning.
c) In a kitchen.

3. Children cannot enter
a) In a airplane.
b) In a bar.
c) In a boat.

4. Hot meals $300
a) In a tea shop.
b) In a new clinic.
c) In a self service dinner.

5. Tickets adults $ 7000, children $4000
a) In a movie theatre entrance.
b) In a taxi.
c) In a library.

PARTE 2
Lea las descripciones de la columna de la izquierda
(6 a 10) y las palabras de la columna de la derecha
(A a H). Cul palabra concuerda con la
descripcin de cada frase?

6. This is the room I sleep in.
7. She is my mothers sister.
8. I need it to write in math class.
9. He is my dads father.
10. You can see with them.

a) Grandmother.
b) Grandfather.
c) Bedroom.
d) Aunt.
e) Eyes.
f) Eraser.
g) Pencil.
h) Uncle.

PARTE 3
Complete los dilogos.

11. Could you help me bring those boxes?
a) Where do I put them?
b) Yes, I could.
c) Let me think.

12. Does he work with your father?
a) He always likes to work.
b) Yes, in the same office.
c) The man works a lot.

13. Does your sister play the piano or the violin?
a) She plays both.
b) She likes playing.
c) She plays it very well.

14. Are you going to the party?
a) Yes, It will be fun.
b) The party is tomorrow.
c) Lets go.

15. Are the windows closed?
a) Yes, they are.
b) Who closes them?.
c) When did you close them?

PARTE 4
Lea el texto y escoja la palabra adecuada para
cada espacio.

What do children like to do? That is a question my
mother asked me. I 16 ___ to think and I realized
we like 17 ___ things. Boys likes are 18 ___ to
girls, but there are some things both boys and girls
like doing; for example, little girls like playing with
dolls and little boys like playing with cars or
superheroes. Both boys and girls like playing with
balls, 19 ___ sports such a swimming, basketball, or
tennis. Boys 20___ playing soccer or practicing
some martial arts. Teenagers like listening to
music, chatting, going to the movies, playing with

44

their computer and sleeping a lot. All kids like
eating junk food and all enjoy having many friends.

16. 18. 20.
a) Stepped a) Same. a) Joyful
b) Stop b) Different. b) Jolly
c) Stopped c) Hard. c) Enjoy

17. 19.
a) Much. a) Playing
b) Many. b) Practicing
c) Very. c) Working

PARTE 5
Lea el artculo y luego responda las preguntas 21 a
25. Marque a, b o c en la hoja de respuestas.

Bratt Pitt was born in Shawnee, Oklahoma, on
December 18th, 1963. He was always interested in
acting but he knew it wasnt easy. He had many
different jobs. First he worked as a chauffeur driving
a limousine for famous actresses. Then he worked
for a moving company where he had to carry heavy
refrigerators, pianos, sofas, etc. Later he got a job in
El pollo loco, a restaurant where he had to dress
like a big chicken. He auditioned for the movie
SEVEN and got the part, He soon became famous.
He was first married to Jennifer Aniston. He has a
son named Shiloh who was born in 2006.

Jennifer Aniston was born in Sherman Oaks,
California on February 11, 1960. Her parents came
from Greece. They moved from California to New
York. Her original name was Jennifer Anastassakis
but she changed her name to Aniston. In her
school in New York she was in the theatre group
and acted very well. Her godfather was a Greek
named Telly Savalas who was very famous in a
television series called Kojak, where he played the
role of a famous detective. She got a part in the TV.
Series called FRIENDS. She was Rachel in the
series. Later she married Brat Pitt and the lived
together 4 years and a half. She says she still loves
him.

Leonardo DiCaprio is a very handsome young man,
who was born in Los Angeles, California on
November 11, 1974. He is very tall (1.82). He has
beautiful blue eyes and people say he is like James
Dean. He started acting since he was very young.
His first important film was This Boys Life with
Robert DeNiro. Later he played the main role in
Titanic and after that he became very popular and
very successful. He has worked in important
movies. He has many fans because he is a very
good actor and also because he is young and very
handsome.

21. Who had a famous godfather?
a) Brat Pitt.
b) Jennifer Aniston.
c) Leonardo DiCaprio.

22. Who was not from California?
a) Brat Pitt.
b) Jennifer Aniston.
c) Leonardo DiCaprio.

23. Who is the youngest?
a) Brat Pitt.
b) Jennifer Aniston.
c) Leonardo DiCaprio.

24. Who had another name?
a) Brat Pitt.
b) Jennifer Aniston.
c) Leonardo DiCaprio.

25. Who had different jobs?
a) Brat Pitt.
b) Jennifer Aniston.
c) Leonardo DiCaprio.

PARTE 6
Responda las preguntas 26 a 30 de acuerdo con el
siguiente texto.

This year i need to study more English tan before. I
find English not so easy. It is a little difficult because
the teacher always uses English in class and
sometimes I dont understand the teacher. The
teacher is good and explains very well. The
problem is that I am afraid to make mistakes. I am
afraid to speak. I am afraid that if I make a mistake
my classmates will laugh. English is difficult
because you dont pronounce the way you read.
Now, it is not too bad because I am watching many
movies in English and I am learning many songs.
My teacher says it is very good to sing in English to
have a better pronunciation. When I go to the
movies, I try not to read the subtitles to try to

45

understand but it is not very easy. I like English and
I want to learn.

26. How does the writer feel about this
language?
a) She thinks it is a piece of cake.
b) She finds it difficult.
c) She thinks it is impossible to learn.

27. Why is it a little more difficult this year?

a) The teacher speaks English all the time.
b) She has to sing her answers.
c) The teacher doesnt like her.

28. What does she think will happen if she
makes a mistake?

a) The teacher will punish her.
b) Her parents will be upset.
c) Her friends will laugh at her.

29. What would she prefer the teacher do?
a) Speak Spanish sometimes.
b) Not leave too much homework.
c) Stop using songs.

30. How does she feel about the language?
a) She hates it.
b) She doesnt feel comfortable with it.
c) Thinks is not point in learning it.






46


BIBLIOGRAFA


http://www.eclecticenglish.com/grammar/PresentContinuous1H.html
http://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/verbs23.htm
http://www.eflnet.com/grammar/pronouns.php
http://www.learnamericanenglishonline.com/Blue%20Level/B14%20Possessive%20Adjectives.html
http://www.eslgold.com/grammar/frequency_adverbs.html
http://www.learnamericanenglishonline.com/Red%20Level/R16%20Expressions%20of%20Time.html
http://www.linguarama.com/ps/295-7.htm
http://www.eclecticenglish.com/grammar/PresentPerfect1C.html
http://www.chompchomp.com/terms/participle.htm
http://www.englishclub.com/vocabulary/family.htm
http://www.lingolex.com/joben.htm
http://esl.fis.edu/grammar/rules/since.htm