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IlS cXlcH8Ily lD IlS DD]cCl~lD8l Mcll cWm8u DuCc 0I0 lDc WDI0 lDc 8VDI D
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lD8l 8cSlDclICS IS DI mc IKc WD8l DHIlDDD_y muSl Dc IKc DI lDc DII0S. PIl-
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CDVcIc0 IuSlc80 IS 8 0ISCIQIuc lD8l lDIDu_DDul IlS DISlDIy D8S WDIKc0 8l lDc CDu-
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lD 8 SQcCI8IZc0 0Dm8Iu D Qc8SuIc. LIlDcI cDIl, DDWcVcI, Duy C8mDuH8_cS lDc
QIcSuQQDSIlIDu lD8l IulccCl muSl IcuDuuCc KuDWIu_ 8Il IDm W:U:u. Aesthetic
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j0ClIVIly.` h0 QDW0I D I00BlIly ~m8BI0Sl IB 8Bl`S lI8BSC0B00Bl8ISm 8S CDB-
C0QlS lh8l CDBSlIl0DV0y 00HB0 lh0 IK0B0SS D lh0 WDI0 WIlh lh0 S0Dj0Cl~WD00
gD D0yDB0 CDBSlIl0lIV0 S0Dj0ClIVIly I CDBC0QlS CD00 D0 00V0DQ00 IB S0Ch 8 W8y
8S lD QI0S0Bl Wh8l IS mDI0 lh8B CDBC0Ql08 IB lh0m. h8l CDBC0QlS 8I0 mDI0 lh8B
lh0H 00HBIlIDB8 CDBl0Bl IS ImQICIl IB lh0 I008 D 8 0I80ClIC D 0BIghl0Bm0Bl. DI
I 0BIghRBm0Bl I0gI0SS0S lD lh0 B8l0I8 B0C0SSIly lh8l H 8ll0mQlS lD 0DmIB8l0,
lh0B CDBC0QlS, WhICh DSl0BSIDy S0IV0 lD I00BlIQ lh0 WDI0 WIlh IlS KBDW0I, 8I0
8Cl08y M8ClS mDSl 000Qy Sh8Q00 Dy Wh8l 0BIghl0Bm0Bl B0V0I m8Sl0I00.
100BlIly m0Sl D0 mDI0 lh8B I00BlIly IB lh8l Il 0I8WS D8CK IBlD IlS0 Wh8l Il Q0IQDIlS
lD DV0ICDm0. h0 CDBC0800 CDBl0Bl D 0BIghl0Bm0Bl, lh0 CDBl0Bl D CDBC0QlS,
WD00 D lh8l B8luI0 lh8l S0D]0ClIVIly SD0ghl lD 0DmIB8l0 IB IlS DWB IIS0 lD QDW0I.
hIS 00HB0S P0DHDS 8QQID8Ch IB Aesthetic 1hecj lD lh0 QSSIDIIly D
DI08ChIBg lh0 0Xl0H8Ily D 80Slh0lICS lD M. 8B 80Slh0lICS lh8l WMlS lD KBDW M
IDm WIlhIB~lD QI0S0Bl Wh8l M IlS0 0B00ISl8B0SWD00 CDBSISl D Wh8l 8
CDBl0mQm BDmIB8ISl IBl0Ig0BC0, 8W8yS V0IgIBg DB IH8lIDB8ISm, 0ISmISS0S
8S lh0 DQQI0SSIV0, DV0ISl000 mIShIBgS D 8B 8g0 CI000D0S D 8DSD0l0S. B8l-
0I8 D080ly, M D080ly, U0lh, S0mD8BC0, 8B0 SD DB, lh0 0B08m0Bl8 CDBC0QlS D
80Slh0lICS.
PlhD0gh lh0S0 CDBC0QlS 0m0Ig00 IB lh0 0DIl lD m8Sl0I lh0II m8l0II8, lh0y M
mDI0 lh8B lh8l. I000 IDm lh0 CDmQ0SIDB D 0DmIB8lIDB lh0y WD00 QDl0BlI8y
I0V08 lh0II Q8IlICIQ8lIDB IB Wh8l lh0y SD0ghl lD 0DmIB8l0 8B0 lh0 ImQI0SS D lh8l
lhID0gh WhICh lh0y 00V0DQ00. P0Slh0lIC CDBC0QlS WD00 D0CDm0 lh0 ,m0mDIy D
B8l0I0 S000Bl00 m M, WhICh DI P0DHD l8K0S Sh8Q IB Aesthetic1hecj8S lh0
0BCDBSCID0S, mIm0lIC8y WIIll0B hISlDIy D h0m8B S00IIBg 8g8IBSl WhICh 0B-
Ighl0Bm0Bl 0S0Wh0I0 S08S IlS0 D. LBy lhIS CDBlcBl CD00 QDSSIDy DIIBg I08-
SDB`S SlI0gg0 DI 0DmIB8lIDB lD IlS S0BS0S 8B0 0II0Cl IlS QDW0I lD Wh8l WD00 8C-
xV . TKANSLATOK'S NTKODUCTON
Iu8!!y u!B!! II. uS PdOHO Otg8BIZ0d Aesthetic1hecj8S 8 Q8t8I80II08! Qt0S0B-
I8IIOB O 80SI0II0 0OB00QIS I8I, Dy 0S00WIBg SuDOtdIB8IIBg SItu0Iut0S, Dt08KS
I0m 8W8y HOm I0It SySI0m8II0 QI!OSOQI08! IBI0BIIOB SO I8I I0 S0!-
t0!IBquISm0BI I8I IS ImQ!I0II IB Id0BIIIy 0Ou!d D0 0tIII08!!y 0XQ!I08I0d 8S W8I IS
BOBIBI0BIIOB8! IB I0m. I0 QtIm80y O I0 OD]00I.
tOugOuI IS y08tS IB I0 \BII0d bI8I0S, PdOHO OB m8By O008SIOBS m0I WII
I0 t0]00IIOB O IS WOtK Dy QuD!IS0tS WO S8W IS WtIIIBgS SImQ!y 8S dISOtg8-
BIZ0d. I W8S ODVIOuS IO PdODO I8I W8I 0 W8S QutSuIBg t0quIt0d IS t0IuH IO
L0tm8By I OB!y D008uS0 IB I0 V3S QuD!ISIBg W8S SII!! !0SS 0Omm0t0I8!!y uBI-
B0d I8B IB I0 \BII0d bI8I0S 8Bd Q0tmIII0d WtII0tS gt08I0t 0OBItO! OV0t I0It WOtK
I8B 0t0.' LB0 0V0BI dId, OW0V0t, BB8!!y QtOmQI Im IO !08V0. 0B I0 0dIIOt-
I8! DO8td 8I I0 Sy0O8B8!yII0 bO0I0Iy O b8H t8B0IS0O BBIS0d WII IS 0SS8y
`Sy0O8H8lySIS K0VIS0d, 0 OuBd I8I `I0 0BIIt0 I0XI W8S dISBgut0d D0yOBd
t00OgBIIIOB, I0 D8SI0 IBI0BIIOB 0Ou!d BOI D0 dIS00H0d.` PS PdOHO t00OuBI0d,
I0 08d 0dIIOt 0XQ!8IB0d I8I I0 SI8Bd8tdS IO WI0 I0 0SS8y 8d D00B 8d]uSI0d,
WI0 m8d0 II !OOK !IK0 0V0ty OI0t 0SS8y IB I0 ]OuH8!, W0t0 IOS0 O I0 QtO0S-
SIOB. ` WOu!d OB!y D0 SI8BdIBg IB my OWB W8y PdODO W8S IO!d ~`I Q8SS0d
uQ IIS 8dV8HI8g0S. Q8SS0d I0m uQ B0V0tIh0!0SS. PdODO mOV0d D80K IO LutOQ0.
PdOHO`S S0BS0 I8I SI8yIBg 0t0 WOu!d 8V0 ImQOSSID!y Dutd0B0d IS WOtK
W8S 0OBBtm0d !OBg 8I0t I0 80I Dy I0 BtSI LBg!IS U8BS!8IIOB O Aesthetic
1hecj IB V+.' 0 QuD!IS0t, Q8tII8!!y 8g8IBSI I0 WI!! O I0 It8BS!8IOt, dIS-
08td0d I0 DOOKS Otm 8S 8 SuQ0tSIIIIOuS!y ImQOS0d ImQ0dIm0BI I8I WOu!d OB!y
SIymI0 I0 DOOK`S 0OBSumQIIOB. LI8m0UI08!!y OQQOS0d IO I0 0OutS0 I0 DOOK
IOOK IB IIS V8tIOuS dt8IS IB PdOHO`S OWB 8BdS, 8 QtO00SS I8I !0d IB I0 BB8! V0t-
SIOB IO I0 t0]00IIOB O I0 dIVISIOB O I0 DOOK IBIO 08QI0tS, I0 IV+ It8BS!8IIOB
8ttIV0d OB DOOKSIOt0 S0!V0S dIVId0d IBIO BumD0t0d 08QI0tS WII m8IB 08dIBgS
8Bd SuD08dIBgS IBS0tI0d IB U0 I0XI. 8t8gt8Q IBd0BI8IIOBS W0t0 dISItIDuI0d 8tDI-
It8tI!y ItOugOuI, 0OmQ!0IIBg I0 Im8g0 O 8 mOBOdIt00IIOB8! S0qu0B00 O IOQI0
S0BI0B00S I8I 0Ou!d D0 O!!OW0d SI0QWIS0 HOm 08QI0t ItOug 08QI0t Z. IS
SuDOtdIB8I0d I0 I0XI`S Q8t8I80II08! Otd0t IO 8 S0mD!8B00 O QtOgt0SSIV0 8tgum0B-
I8IIOB I8I O0t0d IO Qt0S0BI I0 DOOKS 0OBI0BI 0OBV0BI0BI!y. IS d0VI00 QtO-
VId0d 8 SI08dy 0XI0H8l gtIQ OB I0 DOOK WI!0 08uSIBg II IO 0O!!8QS0 IBI0D8!!y.
Ot IB !I0u O 8By mgum0BI8IIV0 SItu0Iut0 IB I0 I0XI IIS0!, D008uS0 II 0OBI8IBS BO
OmOg0B0OuS SuDSI8B00 I8I 08B D0 O!!OW0d tOm SI8tI IO hBIS, I0 8tIBg 0!8t-
IIy O Q8t8gt8Q IBd0BI8IIOBS OB!y QtOdu00d 8 0OBU8SI Dy WI0 Ih0 SImu!8I0d
Q8t8gt8QS 8QQ08t0d mutKy IB I0It t0DS8! IO Q8tS0 IBIO SI8g0S O I0SIS 8Bd 0VI-
d0B00. PBd W0t08S Ih0 Q8t8I80II08! I0XI d0m8HdS I8I 0V0ty S0BI0B00 uBd0tI8K0
IO D0 I0 IOQI0 S0BI0B00 8Bd I8I I0 DOOK D0 0OmQOS0d O !OBg, 0OmQ!0X Qt8S0S,
080 O WI0 S00mS uBd0t I0 OD!Ig8IIOB IO Qt0S0BI I0 DOOK 8S 8 WO!0, I0 1V+
ItmS!8IIOB 08tV0d uQ S0BI0B00S IB I0 Im8g0 O d00!88IIV0 V0I0!0S O 0OBI0BI.
0 OtIgIB8! Q8t8I80II08! I0XI IS 0OB00BItI08!!y 8tt8Bg0d 8tOuBd 8 muI0 mIdd!0
TKAN5LATOK'5 !NTKODUCJ!ON . xv
QOIBl lhtOu_h WhI0h 0V0ty WOt0 S00KS lO D0 t0t80l00 8B0 lh8l Il muSl 0XQt0SS. h0
l0Xl 08BBOl t00t OtW8t0 Ot D80KW8t0 WIlhOul 0ISlutDIB_ lhIS B0XuS lhtOu_h
WhI0h lh0 Q8tlS D00Om0 DIB0IB_ OB 080h Olh0t. h0 IB08t 8t_um0Bl8lIV0 Sltu0lut0
ImQOS00 OB lh0 l0Xl Dy lh0 U8BS8lIOB lhuS 0ISmISS00 lh0 l0Xl`S mI000 QOIBl 8S 8
00lOut 8B0 S0V0t00 IlS B0XuS. LOmQuSOty uBID08lIOB S0tV0S OBy lO t8_m0Bl. lh0
ImQOS00 SUu0lut0 S0l WhO0 Q8SS8_0S 80tIH WhOS0 Su000By 0VI00Bl ISO8lIOB t0-
QuIt00 Htlh0t 8QQ8t8luS lO SQ8B lh0m. h0t0Ot0, U8BSIlIOB8 Qht8S0S W0t0 IBl0t-
QO8l00 Su0h . 8S W0 S8W Ot 8S W0 S8I0 Ot 0l uS t0m0mD0t. h0 B8tt8lIV0
Q0tSOB8 lh8l W8S QtOj00l00 IBlO lh0 l0Xl 8l lh0S0 QOIBlS 8B0 0S0Wh0t0 W8S 0t00ID0
IBSO8t 8S Il S00m00 lO SuDSl8BlI8l0 8B 8t_um0Bl8lIV0 mO00 O KBOW00_0 8B0 IlS
U8BSmISSIOB. ul lhIS Htlh0t 0OBUDul00 lO muHIB_ 8 l0Xl lh8l, Dy IlS OWB Sl8B
0M0S, Su00000S OBy IBSOM 8S Wh8l IS Q8tlI0uM IB Il D0_IBS lO SQ0m Ot IlS0.
h0 t0j00lIOB O lh0 WOtKS Otm 8S 8 SuQ0tSlIlIOB W8S 08ttI00 OV0t lO lh0 lt08l-
m0Bl O lh0 OtI_IB8`S m8By Lt00K, L8lIB, 8B0 t0B0h 0OB00QlS 8B0 Qht8S0S. h0y
W0t0 t0B00t00 Il0t8y, IB tB_ISh, 8B0 WIlhOul 8By m8tKIB_, 8S I lh0It 0OBl0Bl
W8S 008t 0BOu_h OB00 lh0y h80 D00B t000 HOm lh0It 8Qh8D0lI08 IB0OBV0BI0B00.
huS, Ot IBSl8B00, chcnsmcslh0 0OBltMy O methexisW8S U8BS8l00 8S S0Q8
t8lISm, ODHS08lIB_ lh0 8tlI0u8lIOB O lh0 QtOD0m O lh0 Q8tlI0IQ8lIOB O I008 8B0
OD]00l tOm 8lO lO 0Bj8mIB lh8l IS, SO lO SQ08K, lh0 lOQI0 O Aesthetic 1hecj
8B0 lh0 WhO0 O P0ODO`S WtIlIB_S. h0 m8By Pm0tI08B Qht8S0S, WhI0h h8V0 Su0h
8DtuQl 0XQt0SSIV0 QOW0t IB lh0 OtI_IB8, W0t0 IK0WIS0 S08m0SSy 8DSOtD00 IBlO
lh0 S00B0ty. PmOSl IB_00IOuSy lh0 8B_u8_0 O U0 V+ l0Xl QuS 8W8y tOm lh0
mOV0m0Bl O lhOu_hl lh8l 08B SlI D0 S0BS00 _0SlutIB_ uB00D08lh, _IVIB_ lh0
DOOK 8 0IS0mDO0I00 Qu8Ily, 8S I Il W0t0 0uDD00 t8lh0t lh8B lt8BS8l00. buDOt0I-
B8l00 lO lh0 QDB0IQ0 O 0X0h8B_0 Dy IlS 0O0t000 I00BlIly WIlh lh0 SuD]00l`S Otm
O 0OBSumQlIOB, Aesthetische 1hecrie IB lt8BS8lIOB D008m0 8 mO00 O Wh8l Il
QtOl0SlS 8_8IBSl. lh0 QtIm80y O l0 0OBSlIlulIV0 SuDj00l. h0 ItOBy IS, O 0OutS0,
lh8l Dy B8ttOWIB_ lh0 0ISl8B00 O lh0 DOOK tOm IlS t0800tS, OSl0BSIDy Ot lh0It
OWB _OO0, Dul HB08m0Bl8y lO S0 Il lO lh0m, lh0 WOtK W8S Qul D0yOB0 lh0m.
hIS VOum0 IS 8B 0BlIt0y B0W lt8BS8lIOB O Aesthetische1hecrie.h0 SQ8lI8 Ot-
_8BIZ8lIOB O l0 l0Xl IS I00BlI08 lO lh0 OtI_IB8. h0 m8]Ot S00lIOBS O lh0 tB_ISh
l0Xl 8t0 0IVI000 OBy Wh0t0 lh0 OtI_IB8 0IVI00S. h0 S0Bl0B00 Sltu0lut0 8B0 Qht8S-
IB_ O lh0 OtI_IB8 W0t0 m8IBl8IB00 Wh0t0V0t QOSSID0, _IV0B lh0 lt0m0B0OuS 0I-
0t0B00S O tB_ISh SyBl8X HOm lh0 OtI_IB8. P WOt0S Ot0I_B lO lh0 OtI_IB8,
IB0u0IB_ tB_ISh WOt0S, O00ut h0t0 IB Il8I0. hIS lt8BS8lIOB, hOW0V0t, lOOK IlS
080 BOl SO mu0h HOm lh0 8Im lO 0OQy lh0 8QQ08t8B00 O lh0 OtI_IB8, Dul t8lh0t
tOm P0OHOS 00S0tIQlIOB O lh0 h08tIB_ ImQI0Il lO N8h0t`S muSI0. 8B `8mQI-
lu00 O 8 h08tIB_ 0B0OmQ8SSIB_ lh0 8t 0ISl8B00, lO WhI0h lh0 mOSl t0mOl0 8B8O-
_I0S 8B0 0OBS0Qu0B00S 8t0 VItlu8y Qt0S0Bl.
!
" B Aesthetic1hecjlhIS 8mQIlu00
O00utS, hOW0V0t, BOl IB lh0 mIm0lI0 t0SQOBS0 O muSI08 Q8SS8_0S lO 080h Olh0t
Dul IB lh0 m00Ium O 0OB00QlS 8S lh0It SuDl0tt8B08B, 0yB8mI0 t08lIOBS.
XV c TKANSLATOK'S HTKODUCTON
hC CDhCICuCC D lhCSC SuDlCD8uC8u IC8lIDuS 0CQCu0S Du lhC lCXl`S Q8I8l8ClI-
C8 DIm 8u0 SuIVIVCS Duj Dj 8 0CuSIlj D IuSIghl, BDl Dj CXlCH8 SlIuCluIC. hIS
0CHuCS lhC lCXlS~8B0 IlS U8uS8lIDuS~Q8IlICu8I VuBCI8DIIlj. lhC SIghlCSl
S8CXCuIug D IulCuSIIj lhIC8lCuS lD 0ISSDVC lhC lCXl IulD 8 mISCC8uj. PDlhIug
SuQQDIlS lhC lCXl CXCCQl lhC IulCuSIlj WIlh WhICh Il 0I8WS DB
g
u0 QuShCS 8g8IuSl Il-
SC. Ilh CW CXCCQlIDuS Q8I8l8ClIC8 WDIXS 8IC lhCICDIC ShDD, I8gmCul8Ij, 8u0
CDmQ8ClC0 Dj lhC CIISIS D lhCII DWu 8DDICVI8lIDu. 8I8l8ClIC8 lCXlS 8IC IulCuSIVC,
8mDSl lD lhC 0CuI8 D lhCII guMIlj D CXlCuSIDB 8u0 lhC mDIC CXlCuSIVC lhC Q8I8-
l8ClIC8 WDIX 8Clu8j sandAesthetic1hecjIS 8mDSl uuQ8I8CC0 Iu lhISlhC
gIC8lCI lhC QDlCulI8 DI IlS uuI8VCIug 8l C8Ch 8u0 CVCIj QDIul. hC lCXl lhCICDIC
HguIICS 8 IhClDIIC lh8l WI hCIghlCu CDuCCuU8lIDu 8u0 0CuSIlj 8u0 8DSDID lhC
0DZCuS D W8jS Iu WhICh Il IS CDBSl8ulj CXQDSC0. LVCQ IC80CI WI BDlC lhC WDIXS
ICCuIICuCC lD 8DI0Ql, Sl8CC8lD, SDmClImCS 0CQhIC8j 8DDICVI8lC0 CXQICSSIDu lh8l
hCIghlCuS lhC QuShQu D lhC lCXl. CC8uSC Il H]CClS CCIIIlu0C 8S 8 Sl8u08I0 D
Ulh Iu 8VDI D CX8CluCSS D IuSIghl, Il uCCCSS8Dj lCu0S lDW8I0 thC 8QD0IClIC.
P0DHD IS 8SD 8DC lD QID0uCC CDuCCulI8lIDu Dul D uDWhCIC Dj DCgIuuIug SCu-
lCuCCS WIlh Dug-h8u SuDDI0Iu8lC C8uSCS lh8l Cug8gC WIU 8 h8l . . . lh8l gIIQS
CDguIlIDB IXC lhC I8lChCl Du 8 IDCICD8SlCI WIlh 8 0Cm8u0 DI CDDQCI8lIVC 8ulI-
gI8VIl8lIDu8 SUuggC lD lhC lDQ D lhC DISl SDQC SD mDmCulum C8u DC 0ISCDVCIC0
ShDDlIug 0DWu lhC m8Iu C8uSC IulD 8uj uumDCI D CDuCu0IBg SuDDI0Iu8lC
SWCCQS. P Q8I8l8ClIC8 lCXl IS IuImIC8 lD CXQDSIlIDu, 8u0 P0DHD uSCS lhC mDSl
CDu0CuSC0 gCSluICS lD IuVDXC I8lhCI lh8u QIDQDuu0 ICCV8Bl QhIDSDQhIC8 8Igu-
mCulS. 8 SIBgC SICXuCSS uulD 0C8U 0DCS lhC WDIX D 8 D ICIXCg88I0, QDSI-
tIVC BCg8tIDB 8 D MCgC 8B0 8Bj QhI8SIBg th8t CVCB SuDImIB8j hIBtS 8t IB thC
8gC D IS CXQCClC0 lD CDu]uIC lhC CulIIC 8IgumCul D Cu]8mIu S PIlWDIX Iu lhC
PgC D NCCh8uIC8 HCQID0uClIDB, lD WhICh lhC DDDX IS, 8S 8 WhDC, 8 ICSQDBSC.
Lul D lhC S8mC 0Cm8u0 DI 0CuSIlj, P0DHD ICCIS WhCICVCI QDSSIDC lD 8IlISlS
8u0 8IlWDIXS m lhC 8mII8I. RechercheIS mDIC lh8u CuDugh DI IDuSlS lIlC, lhC
MurriueCDu0 uDl DC 8ujlhIug Dul lh8l D Ig8ID, 8u0 LCDIgC IS QCulj DI blC8u
LCDIgC.
hCICVCI Q8I8C IuguISlIC ICSDuICCS WCIC 8V8I8DC UCSC 8u0 P0DHDS
m8uj DlhCI lCChuIguCS D CDu0CuS8lIDu 8u0 hCIghlCuIug h8VC DCCu uSC0 lD m8Iu-
l8Iu lhC 0CuSIlj D lhIS U8uS8lIDu. u UC C8SC D SDmC lIlCS 8u0 8ulhDIS, hDWCVCI,
CSQCCI8j D LCIm8u 8ulhDIS 8u0 WDIXS lh8l h8VC DCDmC QIDgICSSIVCj uu-
XuDWu Iu lhC 8CIm8lh D DI0 8I , lhCj 8IC lDD ImQIDD8Dj ICmDlC CVCu lD
QIClCu0 lhCj CDu0 DC ICCDguIZC0 8u0 h80 lD DC QIDVI0C0 WIlh HISl u8mCS 8u0 H
lIlCS. Pu0 lhCIC IS 8uDlhCI lCChuIguC D CDu0CuSC0 HCICuCC, uSC0 CDuSl8ulj Dj
P0DHD, lh8l CDu0 uDl DC IuCDIQDI8lC0 8l 8 DCC8uSC Il IS uuIguCj 8 QDlCBlI8 D
lhC DIIgIu8 VIS-8-VIS LugISh. PS IS WC XuDWu, LCIm8u IS 8DC lD HCI Dj QID-
uDuuS WIlh SQCCIDCIlj 8CIDSS 8uj 0ISl8uCC D lCXl, Dug DI ShDIl, 8u0 ]uggC m8Bj
uDuuS WIlh ICCICulI8 CDuSIStCuCj. P0DHD CmQDjS lhIS IuguISlIC ICSDuICC lD 8u
CXlICmC Iu DI0CI lD 8VDI0 lhC ICQClIlIDB D uDuuS Iu 8 lCXl lh8l IS 8CIgIC lD CVCu
TKANSLATOK'S NTKODUCTON . xV
lh0 0W mIIm0l0IS D Sl80K SU0h I0QlIlIDB WDUl0 000 IB. B SDm0 Q8SS8g0S lD0
W08V0 D QIDBDUBS D0Dm0S SD I0mDl0 8B0 l0BUDUS lh8l Il S00mS Il 0DUl0 DB D0
DllDW00 D SDm0DB0 WhD WDUl0 0DmQI0h0B0 U0II I00I0BlS 8B8mB0SlI08l, 8S I
KBDWB HDm 0l0Dl. h0 00m8B0 8 l0V0l D 0DB00BU8IlDB lh8l IBh8DIlS lh0 l0Xl
0DmQl0l0l. bIB00 LBglISh h8S BD 0DmQ8I8Dl0 QIDBDmIB8 SU0lI0, lhIS IBl0H8l
W08V0 D I00NB00 0DUl0 BDl QDSSIDl D0 m8l0h00 IB U8BSl8IIDB. Rh8S, lh0I0DI0,
lhIDUghDUl D00B B000SS8I lD 0hDDS0 D0lW00B QDl0BlI8l gIDB0SS 8B0 QI00ISIDB D
I00I0B00. IlhDl 0X00QlIDB lh0 l8ll0I W8S QI00II00, hDW0V0I UBg8IBl lh0 I0-
SUll. hIS IS lh0 I00DgBIlIDB D 8B 8QDII8 D lI8BSl8lIDB 8B0 IlS I0SUll IS BDl 0BlII0
8 D0U88l D P0DHD`S l0Xl. DI hDW0V0I 0I0Ul hIS WIIlIBg m8 D0, Il IS B0V0I
V8gU0 DI SImQl 0VD08lIV0.
hIS U8BSl8lIDB h8S BDl SUQQDS00 lh8l Il IS SImQ 8 8Il00 I0QlI08 D lh0 Q0I00-
UDBS D lh0 DIlgIB8. h0 DIIgIB8l h8S Ql0Bl D QIDDl0mS D IlS DWB lD8l Il ImQDS0S
DB lh0 lI8BSl8lIDB. bDm0 D lh0S0 QIDDl0mS 8I0 I00IQID08l WIlh lh0 08Q80IlI0S D lD0
DIIgIB8l. LB DB0 h8B0, DI IBSl8B00, lhlS Q8I8l80lI08 l0Xl QIDVI00S UBm8l0h00 H00-
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Sl080, P0DHD IS 0DBSl8Bll 0DmQ000 lD Sl8Il 8B0W S8IBg Wh8l h8S 8I080 D00B
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lh8l Il IS 8 SD0I8 mI0ID0DSm, lh8l SD0I0l IS mDSl IBl0BS0l 80lIV0 IB 8B 8IlWDIK
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IB00 8B0 DDSDl0l0, Dl lh0 DDlIg8lDI I0Q0lIlIV0B0SS D IlS DImUl8llDBS 0DUIlS ]8I-
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8BDB0 WhD 08I0S lD 0D SD. h0 Q8I8l80lI08l 08Q80Il lh8l QIDmQlS lh0 l0XlS QID-
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lh8l m08SUI0 Dl SQ800 8B0 lIm0 lDBgIl0IB8ll IB U80IlIDB8 DImS 8I0 0IS08I000
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xv | 1ANSLATOK'S NTKODUCTON
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h8QS DB0 h8S B0V0I l0H Ih0 SQDI. h0 VIIlU8l QI0S0B00 D Ih0 WhD0 D Ih0 I0XI 8I
8B DB0 QDIBI IS ImQ0000 D Ih0 DIm IB WhI0h II IS m8IBI8IB00.
IS l0V0l D I0Q0IIIIV0B0SS IS 08m8gIBg ID Ih0 DIIgIB8l 8B0 II I8K0S IIS ID DB Ih0
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II D Ih0 I0XI, IS Ih0 t0Q0IIIIDB Ih8I DIIgIB8I0S IB Ih0 80I Ih8I II IS 8B DQUS QDSI-
hUmDUS. P0DHD 0DmQ0I00 Aesthetic1hecj,DUI h0 0I0 BDI DBISh II. 0V0t S00-
1IDB Ih8I h0 IBI0B000 ID WIII0 DI Ih0 DDDK W8S WIIII0B Ih0 m8IB DD0 D Ih0 I0XI
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D Q8SS8g0S, IBS0II00 8 gIDUQ D Q8SS8g0S Ih8I h80 800UmU8I00 IB V8IIDUS W8S
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TKANSLATOK'S NTKODUCJON . xtx
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thetic1hecj,Il IS 8 t0S08t0h 0SS8y 8B0 IB m8]OtIly SlyISlI08y 8l O00S WIlh lh0
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W8Bl00 lO WtIl0.
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lh8l IS BOl lO D0 OuB0 8ByWh0t0 0S0 IB lh0 l0Xl. PB0 I P0OHO OuB0 lh0 Lt8l
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l IS IB 8By 08S0 QtOD8Dy lh0 D0Sl Q800 lO D0_IB t080IB_ Aesthetic 1hecj.h0
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lIOB S0Q8t8l0 HOm lh0 DtSl DV0 m8IB Q8tlS.
h0 0SS DBISh00 m8IB Q8tlS, Su0h 8S bIlu8lIOB, W0t0 OH0B mOt0 0ID0ul lO
lt8BS8l0 lh8B lh0 mOt0 DBISh00 Q8tlS, lhOu_h lhIS W8S OBy 8 SI_hl 0I0t0B00 O
00_I00. O t0800t WI Im8_IB0 l00 IB_uISlI0 m8yh0m Oul O WhI0h lhIS lt8BS8-
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WhI0h L0HB8B BOW Sl8B0S m8K0S 0V0B lhIS U8BS8lOt IBVOuBl8tIy Qt00t lO S8y
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!h8l Il IS, OI W8S, 8 J0WISh 8Bgu8_0, lOO. hIS lr8BS8lIOB IS 8I00 WIlh P0OHO`S
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O Wh8l W8S BOl 8S0ISl IB L0HB8ByS Q8Sl 8B0 lh0 V8u0 O WhI0h, hOW0V0I 8-
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lh8l h0 Su0000000 IB h0QIB_ lO t00Sl8DISh L0HB8ByS OWB t08lIOB lO lh8l Q8Sl,
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lh0 Q8Sl.
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WhO0 O P0OHOS WOtK 8S 0SS8yISlI0 8B0 H8_m0Bl8ty 8B0 S8W lO Il lh8l h0 W8S
BOl O0t00 8 QIO0SSOtShIQ. lBy uB00t 0O0t0IOB 0I0 lh0y _tu0_IB_y D0SlOW OB
hIm Wh8l D008m0 KBOWB 8S 8 wiederutmuchunsstuhl,8 80uly QOSIlIOB m800
AA ' 1KAN5LA1OK51KOUULON
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00QfIV00 Dlh0W8f DhISQfDQ0Il,hIS l080hIBg QDSl.` M0lWD 0008d0S 80f
hIS f00, 0lISl Slu00BlS WhDh80I0DIZ00hImm0 0mDf8000 hIS WDfKS IIDl00 IB
hIS S0mIB8fS D008uS0h0f0uS00 lD 080 lh0m lD lh0 D8fD0800S. P0DDDS H000Dm
lDl080hW8SDf0IDf0S0IB000,8SIlh80D00BIBIh0lhIflI0S.mlh0 Summ0ff000SS
DDWIBglh0Slu00Bl00mDBSlf8lIDBSD JJ, h0 0I00D8h08fl 8ll80K WhI0 lI-
IBglDDBIShlhISDDDK.
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h0ISSl00I00 IBL0fm8B,h0ISf0gM000 m8IB 8S 8hISlDII080uIIDSIl 8B0mDf0
IK0 lD D0 0ImIBISh00 lh8B 80mIf00. Df DV0f 8 000800, Ih0 mDSl lhDIDugh,
WI00f080,8B00Sl00m00hISlDIDhISWDfK DIgg0fSh8uS SDelrunqrt
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f0j00lIDB D P0DDD 00hD00 IB 0DZ0BS D SImIM WDfKS, QDIBlS uQ lh0 80l lh8l
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bl8l0S.PB0 lhISf0mDl0B0SSISf0guISIl0 lD8BQ8uSID0 V8u0 Il m8 h8V0.Df8S
P0DDD WIDl0 IB 0DBSl8Bl V8fI00 Dfmu8lIDBS, DB Wh8l 0D0S BDl Dl IB 08B D0
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8 lhDS0 WDfKS WhDS0 Slf8B0S P0DDD f0l0D00 lD L0fm8B lD QI0K uQ, Wh0B
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ShIHDgu8BlIl IBlD gu8IlSu0h8S Wh0B W8l0f0DDIBgD00Dm08I00I8BD DBg0f
8B IBSQIfIBg mSl0I~lhIS QfSQ00lIV0 lh8l 0DB00S00B0S HDm Ih0 V8Bl8g0 D
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8fl, HDm lh0 D KS Q0fSQ0lIV0 Il WI D0 BDlI000 lh8l U0 WDf0 h8S 0DmQ0l0
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m08BS 8f0 SuDIm8l00. Nu0h D Wh8l 08l0h0S lh0 00 8S DDSD0l0 IB Aesthetic
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TKANSLATOK'S !NTKODUCT!ON
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m0 h80 lDD0 0l W8IlIBg,lhIS U8BS8lIDB IS m800 DWh8l0V0I 0S0 W8S h8B0. 8
0MIDl DI lh0 BDS0, IghlDuDS DI 00S, SDm0 08lh0IS DI lh0 muSl80h0. IDQQ00
DB 8D0B0hIB lh0 0ISl8B00 WIlh IlS D80K lD lh0SuBS0l,Q0Ih8QS Il 0V0BDDKS 8IV0.
ulIlIS BDllDD008B008g8IBSl 8B0B0Im0IWIIlD08I 8m8lmu0hS0IulIB.1B
L0Im8B lhIS DDDK IS 8mDSl lDD IBl0I0SlIBg lD I080, DI lhDS0 m8B Q8SS8g0S IB
LBgIShWh0I0lhISIS BDDBg0Ilh0 08S0,Wh0I0Il W8SjuSl BDlQDSSID0 lD DB08B
D0Il0I W8 lD 0D Il, DIlh0 m8B S0Bl0B00S lh8l W0I0 080h DB8 8000Ql00 8S BDl
I08Dul SDIlDWh8lIlm08BS,08BDBS8,IlW8S BDlDI 80KDIIIBg.
1i agc intcntional( lcf b/ank
Aesthetic 1heor
}
1i agc intcntional( lcf b/ank
l IS S0-0VI00Bl lh8l BDlBIB_ 0DB00HIB_ 8ll IS S0-0VI00Bl 8BymDl0, BDl IlS IBB0l
I0, BDl IlS l08lIDB lD lh0 WDl0, BDl 0V0B IlS lI_hl lD 0XISl. h0 Dl0Ilul0 D Wh8l
0Du0 D0 0DB0 SQDBl8B0DuSy Dl uBQtDD0m8lI08y h8S BDl D00B 0DmQ0BS8l00 Dl
Dy lB0 DQB IBDBIlu00 D B0W QDSSIDIIlI0S lh8l l0H00lIDB 0DBDBlS. B m8By
l0_8l0S, 0XQ8BSIDB 8QQMS 8S 0DBU80lIDB. h0 S08 D lh0 Dlm0ly IB0DB00IV8D0,
DB WhI0h MDuB0 V l0VDulIDB8ly 8ll mDV0m0BlS S0l Dul, 0I0 BDl D0SlDW lh0
QlDmIS00 h8QQIB0SS D 80V0Blul0. BSl080, lh0 QlD00SS lh8l W8S uB08Sh00 0DB-
Sum00 lh0 08l0_DlI0S IB lh0 B8m0 D lB8l Dl WhI0h Il W8S uB00ll8K0B. NDl0 W8S
0DBSl8Bly Qu00 IBlD lh0 VDll0X D lh0 B0Wy l8DDD 0V0lyWh0l0 8llISlS l0jDI000
0SS DV0l lh0 B0Wy WDB l08m D 000Dm lh8B lh8l lh0y Imm00I8l0y SDu_hl DB00
8_8IB 8H0l DSl0BSID0 y0l S08l00y 800Qu8l0 Dl00l. FDl 8DSDul0 00Dm IB 8ll,
8W8yS ImIl00 lD 8 Q8flI0u8l, 0Dm0S IBlD 0DBU80I0lIDB WIlh lh0 Ql0BBI8 uBl00-
0Dm D lh0 WhD0. B Il lh0 Q800 D 8ll D008m0 uB00ll8IB. h0 8ulDBDmy Il
80hI0V00, 8l0l h8VIB_ l000 IlS0 tDm 0ulI0 uB0lIDB 8B0 IlS Im8_0S, W8S BDul-
ISh0d Dy lh0 Id08 D hum8BIly. PS Su0I0ly D08m0 0V0l 0SS 8 hum8B DB0, lBIS
8ulDBDmy W8S Sh8ll0l00. Ll8WB lDm lh0 I008 D hum8BIly, 8ll`S 0DBSlIlu0Bl
00m0BlS WIlh0l00 Dy 8ll`S DWB 8W D mDV0m0Bl. 30l 8llS 8ulDBDmy l0m8IBS Il-
l0VD08D0. P 0DllS lD l0SlDl0 8ll Dy _IVIB_ Il 8 SD0I8 uB0lIDBD WhI0h 8ll
IS IlS0 uB00ll8IB 8B0 Dy WhI0h Il 0XQl0SS0S IlS DWB uB00ll8IBly8l0 0DDm00.
B0000, 8ll`S 8ulDBDmy ShDWS SI_BS D DIB0B0SS. IB0B0SS W8S 0V0l 8B 8SQ0l D
8ll, IB lh0 8_0 D 8ll`S 0m8B0IQ8lIDp, hDW0V0l, lhIS DIB0B0SS h8S D_uB lD Ql0-
0DmIB8l0 IB SQIl0 D, I BDl D008uS0 D, 8ll`S DSl B8V0l0, WhI0h, 8S M0_0 8l080y
Q0l00IV00, 8ll 08BBDl uB0D. hIS DIB0S 8ll lD 8 B8V0l0 D 8 S00DB0 Dl00l. lh0 uB-
00lUBly DV0l Wh8l QulQS0 Il S0lV0S. l IS uB00ll8IB Wh0lh0l 8ll IS SlI QDSSID0
Wh0lh0l, WIlh IlS 0DmQ0l0 0m8B0IQ8lIDB, Il 0I0 BDl S0V0l IlS DWB Ql00DB0IlIDBS.
hIS Qu0SlIDB IS KIB000 Dy 8flS DWB Q8Sl. PllWDlKS 00l80h lh0mS0V0S Dm U0
0mQIlI08 WDl0 8B0 DlIB_ Dllh 8BDlh0l WDl0, DB0 DQQDS00 lD lh0 0mQIlI08
WDl0 I lhIS Dlh0l WDl0 lDD W0l0 8B 8ulDBDmDuS 0BlIly. huS, hDW0V0l U8_I0
lh0y 8QQ8l, MlWDlKS l0B0 8 QlIDlI lDW8l0 8lm8lIDB. h0 0I0h0S D 8llS l00DB-
0IIB_ _DW 0BD0IB_ lh0 WDl0 M0 l0Qu_B8Bl BDl DBy D008uS0 U0y QMD0y lh0
2 ' AKT, SOCEJY, AESJHETCS
0mQB8lI0 0DB00Ql D 8tl WIlB IlS DDutg0DIS V0tSIDB 8B0 08SS Il 8mDBg lBDS0
buB08y IBSlIlulIDBS lB8l QtDVI00 SD800. B0S0 0I0B0S tuD 8g8IBSl lB0 WDuB0 lB8l
Ml IlS0 D08tS. PS 8 t0Sul D IlS IB0VIl8D0 WIlB0t8W8 tDm lB0DDgy, tDm lB0 uB-
Qu8lID00 08Im lD lB0 ltulB D S8V8lIDB, 8 S00u8tI28lIDB WIlBDul WBI0B 8tl WDu0
B0V0t B8V0 00V0DQ00, 8tl IS 0DB00m000 lD QtDVI00 lB0 WDt0 8S Il 0XISlS WIlB 8
0DBSD8lIDB lB8lSBDH D 8By BDQ0 D 8 WDt0 D0yDB0SU0BglB0BS lB0 SQ0 D
lB8l tDm WBI0B lB0 8ulDBDmy D 8tl W8BlS lD t00 IlS0. B0 QtIB0IQ0 D 8ulDB-
Dmy IS IlS0 SuSQ00l D gIVIBg 0DBSD8lIDB. y uB00tl8KIBg lD QDSIl lDl8Ily Dul D
IlS0, WBD0 8B0 S0-0B0DmQ8SSIBg, lBIS Im8g0 IS U8BS0tt00 lD lB0 WDt0 IB
WBI0B 8tl 0XISlS 8B0 lB8l 0Bg0B00tS Il. y VItlu0 D IlS t0]00lIDB D lB0 0mQItI08
WDtl0~8 t0]00lIDB lB8l IBB0t0S IB 8tlS 0DB00Ql 8B0 lBuS IS BD m0t0 escupe,Dul 8
8W Imm8B0Bl lD Il8tl S8B0lIDBS lB0 QtIm80y D t08Ily. B 8 WDtK 000I08l00 lD
lB0 Qt8IS0 D 8tl, M0mul huBB WMt8Bl00 lB8l 8tlS 080B 8B0 0V0ty WDtK IS 8
Q808B. MIS lB0SIS WDu0 D0 Uu0, W0t0 Il m08Bl 0tIlI08y. 1B lB0 800 D lB0 8DBDt-
mIly IBlD WBI0B t08Ily IS 00V0DQIBg, 8tlS IB0S08Q8D0 8htm8lIV0 0SS0B00 B8S
D00Dm0 IBSu0t8D0. Ptl muSl luH 8g8IBSl IlS0, IB DQQDSIlIDB lD IlS DWB 0DB00Ql,
8B0 lBuS D00Dm0 uB00tl8IB D IlS0 tIgBl IBlD IlS IBB0tmDSl hD0t. 30l 8tl IS BDl lD
D0 0ISmISS00 SImQy Dy IlS 8DSlt80l B0g8lIDB. y 8ll80KIBg WB8l S00m00 lD D0 IlS
DuB08lIDB lBtDugBDul lB0 WBD0 D IlS U80IlIDB, 8tl B8S D00B Qu8Il8lIV0y lt8BS-
Dtm00, Il IlS0 D00Dm0S Qu8Il8lIV0y DlB0t. 1l 08B 0D lBIS D008uS0 lBtDugB lB0
8g0S Dy m08BS D IlS Dtm, 8tl B8S luH00 8g8IBSl lB0 Sl8luS QuD 8B0 WB8l m0t0y
0XISlS ]uSl 8S mu0B 8S Il B8S 0Dm0 lD IlS 8I0 Dy gIVIBg Dtm lD IlS 00m0BlS. Ptl 08B
BD mDt0 D0 t00u000 lD lB0 g0B0t8 Dtmu8 D 0DBSD8lIDB lB8B lD IlS DQQDSIl0.
B0 0DB00Ql D 8tl IS D08l00 IB 8 BISlDtI08ly 0B8BgIBg 0DBSl08lIDB D 00m0BlS,
Il t0HS0S 00hBIlIDB. 1lS 0SS0B00 08BBDl D0 000u000 tDm IlS DtIgIB 8S I lB0 htSl
WDtK W0t0 8 DuB08lIDB DB WBI0B 0V0tylBIBg lB8l DDW00 W0t0 0DBSltu0l00 8B0
WDu0 0D8QS0 I SB8K0B. B0 D0I0 lB8l lB0 htSl 8tlWDtKS 8t0 lB0 BIgB0Sl 8B0
Qut0Sl IS W8tm00-DV0t tDm8BlI0ISm, WIlB BD 0SS ]uSlID08lIDB Il 0Du0 D0 08Im00
lB8l lB0 08tI0Sl 8tlISlI0 WDtKS 8t0 0u 8B0 ImQut0 IB lB8l lB0y 8t0 BDl y0l S0Q8t8l00
tDm m8gI0, BISlDtI08 0D0um0Bl8lIDB, 800 Su0B Qt8gm8lI0 8ImS 8S 0DmmuBI08l-
IBg DV0t gt08l 0ISl8B00S Dy m08BS D 08S Dt BDH SDuB0S, lB0 08SSI08 0DB00QlIDB
D Ml g80y m800 uS0 D Su0B 8tgum0BlS. 1B DuBlly BISlDtI08 l0tmS, lB0 80lS
Dut.~ B0 0Dtl lD SuDSum0 lB0 BISlDtI08 g0B0SIS D 8tl DBlDDgI08y uB00t 8B u-
lIm8l0 mDlI WDu0 B000SS8tIy HDuB00t IB Su0B 0ISQ8t8l0 m8l0tI8 lB8l lB0 lB0Dty
WDu0 0m0tg0 0mQly-B8B000 0X00Ql Dt lB0 DDVIDuSy t00V8Bl IBSIgBl lB8l lB0
8tlS WI BDl Dl IBlD 80y g8Q0SS 0DB00Ql D 8tl. 1B lBDS0 Slu0I0S 00VDl00 lD lB0 80S-
lB0lI0 opo, QDSIlIVISlI0 S8mQIBg D m8l0tI8 8B0 Su0B SQ00u8lIDB 8S IS DlB0t-
WIS0 0IS08IB00 Dy lB0 S0I0B00S DutISB WI0y 8DBgSI00 080B DlB0t, 80BD0B IS
lB0 D0Sl 0X8mQ0 D lBIS. 1, B0V0tlB00SS, DB0 W8Bl00 IB lB0 uSu8 QBIDSDQBI08
8SBIDB 08l0gDtI08y lD 0ISlIBguISB lB0 SD-0800 Qu0SlIDB D DtIgIB8S lB8l D
8tl`S 0SS0B00Hm lB0 Qu0SlIDB D 8tlS BISlDtI08 DtIgIB, lB8l WDu0 8mDuBl DBy
lD luHIBg lB0 0DB00Ql D DtIgIB 8tDIU8tIy 8g8IBSl lB0 uSu8 S0BS0 D lB0 WDt0. B0
AKT, 5OCETY, AE5THETC5 . J
00DuIlIDu D 8Il IS 8l 0V0Iy QDIul Iu0IC8l00 Dy Wh8l 8Il DuC0 W8S, Dul Il IS 0_IlI-
m8l00 Duy Dy Wh8l 8Il D0C8m0 WIlh l0_8I0 lD Wh8l Il W8ulS lD, 8u0 Q0lh8QS C8u,
D0CDm0. PlhDu_h 8llS 0I0l0uC0 lDm lh0 m0l0y 0mQIlIC8 IS lD D0 m8Iul8Iu00,
lhIS 0I0l0uC0 IS U8uSDlm00 Iu IlS0 Qu8Il8lIV0y, muCh lh8l W8S uDl 8ll~CulIC
WDlKS, Dl IuSl8uC0h8S DV0l lh0 CDulS0 D hISlDly m0l8mDlQhDS00 IulD 8Il, 8u0
muCh lh8l W8S DuC0 8ll IS lh8l uD Du_0l. DS00 HDm Du hI_h, lh0 Qu0SlIDu Wh0lh0l
SDm0lhIu_ SuCh 8S Hm IS Dl IS uD Du_0l ll 080S uDWh0l0. 0C8uS0 8ll IS Wh8l Il
h8S D0CDm0, IlS CDuC0Ql l00lS lD Wh8l Il 0OS uDl CDul8Iu. h0 l0uSIDu D0lW00u
Wh8l mDlIV8l0S 8ll 8u0 8llS Q8Sl CIlCumSClID0S lh0 SD-C800 Qu0SlIDuS D 80S-
lh0lIC CDuSlIlulIDu. P C8u D0 uu00lSlDD0 Duy Dy IlS 8WS D mDV0m0ul, uDl 8C-
CDl0Iu_ lD 8uy S0l D IuV8lI8ulS. l IS 00Du00 Dy IlS l08lIDu lD Wh8l Il IS uDl. h0
SQ0CIDC8y lISlIC Iu ll muSl D0 00lIV00 CDuCl0l0y lDm IlS Dlh0l, lh8l 8Du0
WDu0 D lh0 00D8u0S D 8 m8l0lI8ISlIC-0I80ClIC8 80Slh0lICS. P 8CQuIl0S IlS
SQ0CIDCIly Dy S0Q8lIu_ IlS0 IDm Wh8l Il 00V0DQ00 Dul D, IlS 8W D mDV0m0ul
IS IlS 8W D Dlm. l 0XISlS Duy Iu l08lIDu lD IlS Dlh0l, Il IS lh0 QIDC0SS lh8l U8u-
SQIl0S WIlh IlS Dlh0l. I0lZSCh0S 8l0 IuSI_hl, hDu00 Iu DQQDSIlIDu lD ll80IlIDu8
QhIDSDQhy, lh8l 0V0u Wh8l h8S D0CDm0 C8u D0 Uu0, IS 8XIDm8lIC Dl 8 l0DlI0ul00
80Slh0lIC. h0 ll80IlIDu8 VI0W, WhICh h0 00mDISh00, IS lD D0 luD00 Du IlS h080.
lulh 0XISlS 0XCuSIV0y 8S lh8l WhICh h8S D0CDm0. h8l 8QQ08lS Iu lh0 lWDlK 8S
IlS DWu 8Wuu0SS IS lh0 8l0 QlD0uCl D 8u Iuu0l-l0ChuIC8 0VDulIDu 8S W0 8S
8IlS QDSIlIDu WIlhIu QlD_l0SSIV0 S0Cu8lIZ8lIDu, y0l 0DuDl0SS 8llWDlKS D0C8m0
llWDlKS Duy Dy u0_8lIu_ lh0Il DlI_Iu. h0y 8l0 uDl lD D0 C800 lD 8CCDuul Dl
lh0 0IS_l8C0 D lh0Il 8uCI0ul 00Q0u00uCy Du m8_IC, lh0Il S0lVIlu00 lD KIu_S 8u0
8muS0m0ul, 8S I lhIS W0l0 8llS DII_Iu8 SIu, Dl 8ll l0lID8ClIV0y 8uuIhI8l00 lh8l
lDm WhICh Il 0m0l_00. LIuu0l muSIC IS uDl Iu0SC8Q8D0 Dl ID0l8l00 muSIC, uDl
W8S 0Iuu0l muSIC hDu0Sl S0IVIC0 HDm WhICh 8ulDuDmDuS 8ll Dull8_0DuSy WIlh-
0I0W. h0 OIu0lS uIS0l8D0 m0Ch8uIC8 C8ll0IIug IS Ou uO 8CCDuul ImQIDV00
D0C8uS0 lh0 DV0lWh0mIu_ Q8ll D Wh8l uDW Q8SS0S Dl 8ll 0lDWuS Dul lh0 0ChD D
lh8l C8ll0l.
h0 M0_0I8u VISIDu D lh0 QDSSID0 008lh D ll 8CCDl0S WIlh lh0 8Cl lh8l M IS 8
QIO0uCl D hISlDIy. h8l M0_0 CDuSI00l00 8ll ll8uSIlDly WhI0 8 lh0 S8m0 Ch8K-
Iu_ Il uQ lD 8DSDul0 SQIlIl Slu0S Iu hlmDuy WIlh lh0 0DuD0 Ch8l8Cl0l D hIS SyS-
l0m, y0l Il QlDmQlS 8 lhDu_hl lh8l WOu0 u0V0l h8V0 DCCull00 lD hIm. lh8l lh0 SuD-
Sl8uC0 D 8ll, 8CCDl0Iu_ lD hIm IlS 8DSDul0u0SS, IS uDl I00ulIC8 WIlh 8llS I0 m0
008lh. b8lh0l, 8llS SuDSl8uC0 CDu0 D0 IlS ll8uSIlDlIu0SS. l IS lhIuK8D0, 8u0 uDl
m0l0y 8u 8DSll8Cl QDSSIDIIly, lh8l _l08l muSIC8 8l0 00V0DQm0ul~W8S QDSSI-
D0 Duy 0ulIu_ 8 ImIl00 Qh8S0 D hum8uIly. h0 l0VDl D 8ll, l00DD_IC8y
QDSIl00 Iu IlS 8llIlu00 lD DDj0ClIVIly

lDW8l0 lh0 hISlDlIC8 WDl0, h8S D0CDm0 8
l0VDl 8_8IuSl 8ll, Il IS ulI0 lD QlDQh0Sy Wh0lh0l 8ll WI SulVIV0 Il. h8l l08C-
lIDu8ly Culul8 Q0SSImISm DuC0 VDCI0l8l00 8_8IuSl C8uuDl D0 SuQQl0SS00 Dy lh0
ClIlIQu0 D Culul0. lh8l, 8S M0_0 lumIu8l00 8 huu0l00 8u0 D|y y08lS 8_D, 8ll m8y
h8V0 0ul0l00 lh0 8_0 D IlS 00mIS0.` JuSl 8S bImD8u0S SluuuIu_ 0IClum Du0

L AKT, 5OTY, AE5THETC5
huu0Ic0 jc8IS 8gD 0IVIuc0 0cDuIlIVcj lhc hISlDIj D ucW M, hIS 8lcI SIcuCc, hIS
SlcQQIug IulD Iuc 8S 8u cmQDjcc, 8ulICIQ8lc0 8IlS 0cCIuc. 1l IS DulSI0c lhc
QuIVIcW D 8cSlhclICS lD08j WhclhcI Il IS lD DcCDmc MlS ucCIDDgj, jcl Il muSl uDl
Q8j 8l 0cIVcIIug gI8VcSI0c ScImDuS, CcIlIjIug lhc cu0, S8VDIIug lhc Q8Sl, 8u0 8D-
0IC8lIug Iu 8VDI D Duc SDIl D D8ID8IISm lh8l IS uD DcllcI lh8u lhc CuluIc lh8l h8S
cMc0 DMD8IISm 8S IcCDmQcuSc DI IlS DWu mDuSlIDSIlj. hclhcI M IS 8DD-
IShc0, QcIIShcS, DI 0cSQ8IIIugj h8ugS Du, Il IS uDl m8u08lc0 U8l lhc CDulcul
[Cehult]D Q8Sl 8Il QcISh. 1l CDu0 SuIVIVc 8Il Iu 8 SDCIclj lh8l h80 Icc0 IlSc D
lhc DMD8IISm D IlS CuluIc. PDl ]uSl 8cSlhclIC DImS Dul IuuumcI8Dc lhcmcS h8Vc
8Ic80j DcCDmc cXlIuCl, 80ulcIj DcIug Duc D lhcm. PlhDugh 80ulcIj Dc0 NIC-
lDII8u 8u0 c8Ij-lWculIclh-CculuIj uDVcS, Il IS SC8ICcj QDSSIDc lD cmQ8lhZc 0I-
IcClj WIlh lhIS IlcI8luIc uDW, gIVcu lhc 0ISSDulIDu D lhc hIgh-DDuIgcDIS uuCc8I
8mIj 8u0 lhc DDScuIug D mDuDg8mj, 0ISlDIlc0 8u0 ImQDVcIIShc0, lhIS IlcI8-
luIc IVcS Du Duj Iu IuSlI8lc0 m8g8ZIucS. Pl Uc S8mc Umc, hDWcVcI, Wh8l IS 8u-
lhculIC Iu Mudume cvuj 8u0 W8S DuCc cmDc00c0 Iu IlS lhcm8lIC CDulcul h8S
Dug SIuCc DulSUIQQc0 lhIS CDulcul 8u0 IlS 0clcIIDI8lIDu. LDVIDuSj lhIS IS uDl
gIDuu0S DI hISlDIICDQhIDSDQhIC8 DQlImISm DVcI Uc IuVIuCIDIIlj D SQIIIl. 1l IS
cQu8j QDSSIDc DI lhc lhcm8lIC m8lcII8 Iu IlS DWu 0cmISc lD lMc WIlh Il lh8l
WhICh IS mDIc lh8u mcIcj lhcm8lIC. PIl 8u0 8IlWDIKS 8Ic QcIISh8Dc, uDl SImQj
DcC8uSc Dj lhcII hclcIDuDmj lhcj 8Ic 0cQcu0cul, Dul DcC8uSc IIghl IulD lhc Sm8-
cSl 0cl8I D lhcII 8ulDuDmj, WhICh S8uClIDuS lhc SDCI8j 0clcImIuc0 SQIllIug D
D SQIIl Dj lhc 0IVISIDu D 8DDI, lhcj 8Ic uDl Duj M Dul SDmclhIug DIcIgu 8u0
DQQDSc0 lD Il. P0mIXc0 WIlh 8IlS DWu CDuCcQl IS lhc cImcul D IlS DWu 8DDIlIDu.
hcIc IS uD 8cSlhclIC IcI8ClIDu WIlhDul SDmclhIug DcIug IcI8Clc0, uD Im8gIu8-
lIDu WIlhDul SDmclhIug Im8gIuc0. hIS hD0S lIuc Q8IlICu8Ij Iu lhc C8Sc D 8IlS
Imm8ucul QuIQDSIVcucSS. 1u IlS Ic8lIDu lD cmQIIIC8 Ic8Ilj 8Il SuDIm8lcS lhc 8l-
lcIS gDVcHIug QIIuCIQc D sese ccnserture 8S lhc I0c8 D lhc Sc-I0culIlj D IlS
WDIKS, 8S bChDcuDcIg S8I0, Duc Q8IulS 8 Q8IulIug, uDl Wh8l Il IcQIcSculS. 1uhcI-
culj cVcQ 8IlWDIK 0cSIIcS I0culIlj WIlh IlSc, 8u I0culIlj lh8l Iu cmQIIIC8 Ic8Ilj
IS VIDculj DICc0 Du 8 DD]cClS 8S I0culIlj WIlh lhc SuD]cCl 8u0 lhuS lI8VcSlIc0.
PcSlhclC I0culIlj SccKS lD 8I0 lhc uDuI0culIC8, WhICh Iu Ic8Ilj IS IcQIcSSc0 Dj Ic-
8IljS CDmQuSIDu lD I0culIlj. Luj Dj VIIluc D ScQ8I8lIDu HDm cmQIIIC8 Ic8Ilj,
WhICh S8uClIDuS 8Il lD mD0c lhc Ic8lIDu D lhc WhDc 8u0 lhc Q8Il 8CCDI0Iug lD
lhc WDIKS DWu ucc0, 0DcS lhc 8IlWDIK 8ChIcVc 8 hcIghlcuc0 DI0cI D cXISlcuCc.
PIlWDIKS 8Ic 8lcIIm8gcS D cmQIIIC8 Ic IuSD8I 8S lhcj hcQ Uc 8llcI lD Wh8l IS
0cuIc0 lhcm DulSI0c lhcII DWu SQhcIc 8u0 lhcIcDj Icc Il HDm lh8l lD WhICh lhcj
8Ic CDu0cmuc0 Dj IcIDc0 cXlcD8 cXQcIIcuCc. PlhDugh lhc 0cm8IC8lIDu Iuc
DclWccu 8Il 8u0 lhc cmQIIIC8 muSl uDl Dc c8Cc0, 8u0 c8Sl D 8 Dj lhc gDIIDC8-
lIDu D lhc 8IlISl, MlWDIKS ucVcIlhccSS h8Vc 8 Ic SuI gcucIIS. hIS Ic IS uDl ]uSl
lhcII cXlcH8 8lc. 1mQDIl8ul MWDIKS CDuSl8ulj 0IVugc ucW 8jcIS, Ucj 8gc,
gIDW CD0, 8u0 0Ic. 1l IS 8 l8ulDDgj lD QDIul Dul lh8l 8S hum8uj m8uu8CluIc0
8IlI8ClS lhcj 0D uDl IVc 8S 0D QcDQc. ul lhc cmQh8SIS Du lhc 8IlI8Clu8 ccmcul
AKT, 5OETY, AE5THETC5 . 5
IB 8Il 0DB00HS l0SS lh0 80l lh8l Il IS m8BU80lUI00 lh8B IlS DWB IBB0I 0DBSlIlUlIDB,
I0g8I0l0SS D hDW Il 08m0 lD D0. PIlWDIKS 8I0 8lIV0 IB l8l lh0 SQ08K IB 8 8ShIDB
lh8l IS 00BI00 lD B8luI8l DDj00lS 8B0 lh0 SUDj00lS WhD m8K0 lh0m. h0 SQ08K D
VIIlu0 D lh0 0DmmUBI08lIDB D 0V0IlhIBg Q8IlI0Ul8I IB lh0m. hUS lh0 0Dm0
IBlD 0DBlI8Sl WIlh lh0 8IDIII8IIB0SS D Wh8l SImQl 0XISlS. 0l Il IS QI00IS0l 8S MlI
80lS, 8S QID0U0lS D SD0I8l l8DDI, lh8l lh0 8SD 0DmmUBI08l0 WIlh U0 0mQIII08l
0XQII0B00 lh8l lh0 I0j00l 8B0 HDm WhI0h lh0 0I8W lh0II 0DBl0Bl [Inhult] .PIl
B0g8l0S lh0 08l0gDII8l 00l0ImIB8lIDBS Sl8mQ00 DB U0 0mQIII08l WDIl0 8B0 0l h8I-
DDIS Wh8l IS 0mQIII08ll 0XISlIBg IB IlS DWB SUDSl8B00. 8Il DQQDS0S lh0 0mQIII08l
lhIDUgh lh0 0l0m0Bl D DIm m0 lh0 m00I8lIDB D DIm 8B0 0DBl0Bl IS BDl lD D0
gI8SQ00 WIIhDUl lh0II 0I0I0BlI8lIDBlh0 m00I8lIDB IS lD D0 SDUghl IB lh0 I00Dg-
BIlIDB D 80Slh0lI0 DIm 8S S00Im0Bl00 0DBl0Bl. h8l 8I0 l8K0B lD D0 lh0 QUI0Sl
DImS |0.g. , U80IlIDB8 mUSI08l DImS) 08B D0 U8000 D80K 0V0B IB lh0 Sm8ll0Sl
I0IDm8lI0 00l8Il lD 0DBl0Bl SU0h 8S 08B00. 1B m8B IBSl8B00S DH8m0BlS IB lh0
VISU8 MlS W0I0 DB00 QIIm8II 0UllI0 SmDDlS. I80IBg 80Slh0U0 DImS D80K lD
0DBl0BlS, SU0h 8S Ih0 8IDUIg BSlIlUl0 UB00IlDDK lD 0D D DlDWIBg lh0 8H0DI0
D 0l8SSI08l 8BlIQUII, 00S0IV0S lD D0 mDI0 DID80l UB00Il80B. h0 0DmmUBI08-
lIDB D 8HWDIKS WIlh Wh8l IS 0Xl0H8l lD lh0m, WIlh lh0 WDIl0 HDm WhI0h lh0
DlISSUl DI UBh8QQIl S08l lh0mS0lV0S D, D00UIS lhIDUgh BDB0DmmUBI08lIDB
QI00IS0l lh0I0D l0 QIDV0 lh0mS0lV0S I0I80l00. l IS 08S lD Im8gIB0 l8l 8IlS
8UlDBDmDUS I08lm h8S BDlhIBg IB 0DmmDB WIlh lh0 0Xl0H8l WDIl0 Dlh0I lh8B
DDDDW00 0l0m0BlS lh8l h8V0 0Bl0I00 IBlD 8 Ull 0h8Bg00 0DBl0Xl. 0V0IU0l0SS,
lh0I0 IS BD 0DBl0SlIBg lh0 0lI0D D WhI0h 0UlluI8 hISlDI IS SD DB0, lh8l lh0 00V0l-
DQm0Bl D 8IlISII0 QID00SS0S, USU8 08SS00 UB00I lh0 h080IBg D Sll0, 0DII0-
SQDB0S lD SD0I8l 00V0lDQm0Bl. LV0B lh0 mDSl SUDIm0 8HWDIK l8K0S UQ 8 00l0ImI-
B8l0 8llIlu00 lD 0mQIII08l I08lIl D Sl0QQIBg DUlSI00 D Ih0 0DBSU8IBIBg SQ0l Il
08SlS, BDl DB00 8B0 lDI 8ll, DUl I8l0I 0V0I 8B0 8g8IB, 0DB0I0l0l, UB0DBS0IDUSl
QDl0mI08 lDW8I0 lhIS SQ0l 8l 080h hISlDII08l mDm0Bl . h8l 8IlWDIKS 8S WIB0DW-
l0SS mDB80S I0QI0S0Bl Wh8l lh0 lh0mS0V0S 8I0 BDl 08B S08I00l D0 UB00ISlDD0
0X00Ql IB l8l lh0II DWB 0B8mI0, lh0II Imm8B0Bl hISlDII0Il 8S 8 0I8l00lI0 D
B8lUI0 8B0 IlS 0DmIB8lIDB, BDl DBl IS D lh0 S8m0 0SS0B00 8S lh0 0I800lI0 0Xl0H8l
lD lh0m DUl I0S0mDl0S Il WIlhDUl ImIl8lIBg Il. h0 80Slh0lI0 DI00 D QID0U0lIDB IS
lh0 S8m0 8S lh8l D QID0U0lIV0 l8DDI 8B0 h8S l0 S8m0 l00DDg, 8B0 Wh8l m8 D0
08l00 80Slh0lI0 Il8lIDBS D QID0U0lIDB8ll lh8l IB WhI0h lh0 QIDU0lIV0 DI00 IS
0mD00000 8B0 IB WhI0h Il IS 80lIV08I0 S00Im0Bl8lIDBS DI ImQIIBlIBgS D SD0I8
I0l8lIDBS D QID0U0lIDB. PIlS 0DUDl0 0h8I80l0I 8S DDlh 8UlDBDmDUS and/uitscciul
IS IB00SS8Bll I0QID0U000 DB Ih0 0V0l D IlS 8UlDBDm. l IS D VIIlU0 D lhIS I0l8-
lIDB lD lh0 0mQIII08l lh8l 8IlWDIKS I00UQ0I8l0, B0UU8IZ00, Wh8l DB00 W8S lIl0I8ll
8B0 0II00ll 0XQII0B000 IB lI0 8B0 Wh8l W8S 0XQUlS00 D SQIIIl. PIlWDIKS Q8IlI0I-
Q8l0 IB 0BlIghl0Bm0Bl D008US0 lh0 0D BDl I0. h0 0D BDl 0IgB Ih0 lIl0I8lB0SS D
Wh8l SQMS DUl D lh0m. h0 8I0 I08l 8S 8BSW0IS lD lh0 QUZZl0 0Xl0H8l QDS00
lD l0m. h0II DWB l0BSIDB IS DIB0IBg IB I08lIDB lD lh0 l0BSIDB 0Xl0H8l lD lh0m.

| AK1, 5OLL1Y, AL51L1L5

hc D8SIC cVcS O cXQcIIcuCc U8l mOlIV8lc 8Il Mc Ic8lc0 lO lhOSc O lhc OD]cC-
lIVc WOI0 IOm WhICh lhcj IcCOI. hc uuSOVc0 8ul8gOuISmS O Ic8Ilj IcluD Iu
8IlWOIKS 8S Imm8ucul QIODcmS O OIm. hIS, uOl lhc IuScIlIOu O OD]cClIVc cc-
mculS, 0cDucS lhc Ic8lIOu O 8Il lO SOCIclj. Jhc COmQcX O lcuSIOuS Iu 8IlWOIKS
CIjSl8IZcS uu0ISluIDc0 Iu lhcSc QIODcmS O OIm 8u0 lhIOugh cm8uCIQ8lIOu
HOm lhc cXlcD8 WOI0S 8Clu8 8C80c COuVcIgcS WIlh lhc Ic8 cSScuCc. P,
p IOm lhc cmQIIIC8j cXISlIug, l8KcS uQ 8 QOSIlIOu lO Il Iu 8CCOI0 WIlh
Mcgc S 8Igumcul 8g8IuSl A8ul. Jhc mOmcul 8 ImIl IS QOSIlc0, Il IS OVcISlcQQc0
8u0 lh8l 8g8IuSl WhICh lhc ImIl W8S cSl8DIShc0 IS 8DSOIDc0. Luj lhIS, uOl mOI8-
IZIug, IS lhc CIIlIQuc O lhc QIIuCIQc O l 'urtpcar/urt,WhICh Dj 8DSU8Cl ucg8lIOu
QOSIlS lhc pio O 8Il 8S 8DSOulc. hc Icc0Om O 8IlWOIKS, Iu WhICh lhcII
Sc-COuSCIOuSucSS gOIIcS 8u0 WIlhOul WhICh lhcSc WOIKS WOu0 uOl cXISl, IS lhc
IuSc O 8IlS OWu Ic8SOu. L8Ch 8u0 cVcIj Ouc O lhcII ccmculS DIu0S lhcm lO lh8l
OVcI WhICh, OI lhcII h8QQIucSS, lhcj muSl SO8I 8u0 D8CK IulO WhICh 8l cVcIj mO-
mcul lhcj lhIc8lcu OuCc 8g8Iu lO lumDc. u UcII Ic8lIOu lO cmQIIIC8 Ic8Ilj, 8I!-
WOIKS IcC8 lhc lhcOOgumcuOu lh8l Iu lhc Ic0ccmc0 WOI0 cVcIjlhIug WOu0 Dc
8S Il IS 8B0 jcl WhOj OlhcI. hcIc IS uO mISl8KIug lhc 8B8Ogj WIlh lhc lcu0cuCj
O lhc QIO8uc lO ScCu8IIZc lhc Ic8m O lhc S8CIc0 lO lhc QOIul lh8l Ouj 8S ScCu-
8IIZc0 0OcS lhc 8llcI cu0uIc, lhc Ic8m O lhc S8CIc0 IS OD]cClIDc0, ccClIVcj
Sl8Kc0 OH, DcC8uSc IlS OWu ccmcul O uulIulh 8l OuCc 8W8IlS ScCu8IIZ8lIOu 8u0
lhIOugh COu]uI8lIOu W8I0S O lhc ScCu8I. PCCOI0Iugj, lhc QuIc COuCcQl O M
COu0 uOl 0chuc lhc hXc0 CIICumcIcuCc O 8 SQhcIc lh8l h8S Dccu ScCuIc0 OuCc
8u0 OI 8, I8lhcI, IlS COSuIc IS 8ChIcVc0 Ouj Iu 8B IulcImIllcul 8u0 I8gIc D8-
BCc !h8l IS mOIc lhB ]uS! COmQI8Dc lO !hc QSjChOOgIC8 D88uCc Dc!Wccu cgO
8u0 I0. hc 8Cl O IcQuSIOu muSl Dc COuSl8ulj IcucWc0. LVcIj 8IlWOIK IS 8u Iu-
Sl8ul, cVcIj SuCCcSSu WOIK IS 8 CcSS8lIOu, 8 SuSQcu0c0 mOmcul O lhc QIOCcSS, 8S
WhICh Il IcVc8S IlSc lO lhc uuW8VcIIug cjc. 8IlWOIKS 8Ic 8uSWcIS lO lhcII OWu
QucSlIOuS, lhcj lhcmScVcS lhcIcDj !Iuj DCOmc QucSlIOuS. hc lcu0cuCj lO QcI-
CcIVc 8H cIlhcI Iu cXlI8-8cSlhclIC OI QIc8cSlhclIC 8ShIOu, WhICh lO lhIS 08j IS
uu0ImIuIShc0 Dj 8B ODVIOuSj 8Ic0 c0uC8lIOu, IS uOl Ouj 8 D8ID8IIC IcSI0uc OI 8
08ugcI O IcgIcSSIVc COuSCIOuSucSS. bOmclhIug Iu 8H C8S OI lhIS IcSQOuSc. P
QcICcIVc0 SlIIClj 8cSlhclIC8j IS 8Il 8cSlhclIC8j mISQcICcIVc0. Luj Whcu 8Il S
OlhcI IS ScuSc0 8S 8 QIIm8Ij 8jcI Iu lhc cXQcIIcuCc O 8Il 0OcS Il DcCOmc QOSSIDc
lO SuDIm8lc lhIS 8jcI, lO 0ISSOVc lhc lhcm8lIC DOu0S, WIlhOul lhc 8ulOuOmj O
lhc 8IlWOIK DcCOmIug 8 m8llcI O Iu0IHcIcuCc. P IS 8ulOuOmOuS 8u0 Il IS uOl,
WIUOul Wh8l IS hclcIOgcucOuS lO Il, IlS 8ulOuOmj cu0cS Il. hc gIc8l cQICS, WhICh
h8Vc SuIVIVc0 cVcu lhcII OWu ODIVIOu, WcIc Iu lhcII OWu 8gc IulcImIugc0 WIlh
hISlOIIC8 8u0 gcOgI8QhIC8 IcQOIl8gc, N8CIj lhc 8IlISl lOOK uOlc O hOW muCh O
lhcII m8lcII8 h80 jcl lO Dc IcC8Sl Dj lhc OIm8 IcQuIIcmculS O lhc MOmcIIC,
Q8g8u-LcIm8uIC, 8B0 LhIISlI8B cQICS, WIlhOul lhIS Ic0uCIug lhcII I8uK VIS-8-VIS
0IOSScSS WOIKS. LIKcWISc lI8gc0j, WhICh m8j h8Vc Dccu lhc OIIgIu O lhc I0c8 O
8cSlhclIC 8ulOuOmj, W8S 8u 8lcIIm8gc O CulIC 8ClS lh8l WcIc Iulcu0c0 lO h8Vc
AKT, SOCLTY, ALSTHLTCS .

Ic8 ccClS. hc hISlOIj O 8Il 8S lh8l O IlS QIOgIcSSIVc 8ulOuOmj ucVcI SuCCcc0c0
Iu cXlIIQ8lIug lhIS ccmcul, 8u0 uOl ]uSl DcC8uSc lhc DOu0S WcIc lOO SlIOug. Pl lhc
hcIghl O IlS OIm, Iu lhc uIuclcculh CculuIj, lhc Ic8ISlIC uOVc h80 SOmclhIug O
Wh8l lhc lhcOIj O SO-C8c0 SOCI8ISl Ic8ISm I8lIOu8j QOllc0 OI IlS 0cD8Scmcul.
IcQOD8gc, lhc 8ulICIQ8lIOu O Wh8l SOCI8 SCIcuCc WOu0 8lcI 8SCcII8Iu. hc 8-
u8lIC IuguISlIC QcIcClIOu O MudumecvujIS QIOD8Dj 8 SjmQlOm O QIcCIScj
lhIS COuU8Ij ccmcul, lhc uuIlj O DOlh, O IcQOIl8gc 8u0 IuguISlIC QcIcClIOuISm,
8CCOuulS OI lhc DOOX S uu80c0 8Clu8Ilj. u 8IlWOIXS, lhc CIIlcIIOu O SuCCcSS IS
lWOO0. WhclhcI lhcj SuCCcc0 Iu IulcgI8lIug lhcm8lIC SU8l8 8u0 0cl8IS IulO lhcII
Imm8ucul 8W O OIm 8u0 Iu lhIS IulcgI8lIOu 8l lhc S8mc lImc m8Iul8Iu Wh8l Ic-
SISlS Il 8u0 lhc hSSuIcS lh8l OCCuI Iu lhc QIOCcSS O IulcgI8lIOu. ulcgI8lIOu 8S SuCh
0OcS uOl 8SSuIc Qu8Ilj, Iu lhc hISlOIj O 8Il, IulcgI8lIOu 8u0 Qu8Ilj h8Vc Ocu 0I-
VcIgc0. OI uO SIugc SccCl C8lcgOIj, uOl cVcu lhc 8cSlhclIC8j CculI8 COuCcQl O
lhc 8W O OIm, u8mcS lhc cSScuCc O 8Il 8u0 SuCcS lO ]u0gc IlS QIO0uClS. LSScu-
lI8 lO 8Il 8Ic 0chuIug Ch8I8ClcIISlICS lh8l COuU80ICl IlS hXc0 8Il-QhIOSOQhIC8
COuCcQl. McgcS COulcul-8cSlhclICS [lnhultssthetik] IcCOguIZc0 lh8l ccmcul O
OlhcDcSS Imm8ucul lO 8Il 8u0 lhuS SuQcISc0c0 OIm8 8cSlhclICS, WhICh 8QQ8I-
culj OQcI8lcS WIlh 8 SO muCh QuIcI COuCcQl O 8II 8u0 O COuISc IDcI8lc0 hISlOII-
C8 0cVcOQmculS SuCh 8S uOuIcQIcScul8lIOu8 Q8IulIug lh8l 8Ic DOXc0 Dj Mcgc S
8u0 AIcIXcg88I0 S COulcul-8cSlhclICS. Pl lhc S8mc lImc, hOWcVcI, Mcgc S I0c8ISl
0I8cClIC, WhICh COuCcIVcS OIm 8S COulcul, IcgIcSScS lO 8 CIu0c, QIc8cSlhclIC cVc.
l COuHScS lhc IcQIcScul8lIOu8 OI 0ISCuISIVc lIc8lmcul O lhcm8lIC m8lcII8 WIlh
lhc OlhcDcSS lh8l IS COuSlIlulIVc O 8Il. Mcgc U8uSgIcSScS 8g8IuSl hIS OWu 0I8cC-
lIC8 COuCcQlIOu O 8cSlhclICS, WIlh COuScQucuCcS hc 0I0 uOl ODScc, hc Iu ccCl
hcQc0 U8uSOIm 8Il IulO 8u I0cOOgj O 0OmIu8lIOu. LOuVcIScj, Wh8l IS uuIc8
8u0 uOucXISlcul Iu 8Il IS uOl Iu0cQcu0cul O Ic8Ilj. l IS uOl 8IDIlI8IIj QOSIlc0, uOl
IuVculc0, 8S IS COmDOuj lhOughl, I8lhcI, Il IS SUuCluIc0 Dj QIOQOIIIOuS DclWccu
Wh8l cXISlS, QIOQOIlIOuS lh8l 8Ic lhcmScVcS 0cDuc0 Dj Wh8l cXISlS, IlS 0chCIcuCj,
0ISUcSS, 8B0 COuU80IClOIIucSS 8S Wc 8S IlS QOlculI8IlIcS, cVcu Iu lhcSc QIOQOI-
lIOuS Ic8 COulcXlS IcSOu8lc. PII IS Ic8lc0 lO IlS OlhcI 8S IS 8 m8gucl lO 8 hc0 O
IIOu hIugS. POl Ouj 8IlS ccmculS, Dul lhcII COuSlc8lIOu 8S Wc, lh8l WhICh IS
SQcCIhC8j 8cSlhclIC 8u0 lO WhICh IlS SQIIIl IS uSu8j Ch8Xc0 uQ, IccI D8CX lO IlS
OlhcI. hc I0culIlj O lhc 8IlWOIX WIlh cXISlIug Ic8Ilj IS 8SO lh8l O lhc WOIX S
gI8VIl8lIOu8 OICc, WhICh g8lhcIS 8IOuu0 IlSc IlS membmdis]ectu, lI8CcS O lhc
cXISlIug. hc 8IlWOIX IS Ic8lc0 lO lhc WOI0 Dj lhc QIIuCIQc lh8l COulI8SlS Il WIlh
lhc WOI0, 8u0 lh8l IS lhc S8mc QIIuCIQc Dj WhICh SQIIIl OIg8uIZc0 lhc WOI0. hc
SjulhcSIS 8ChIcVc0 Dj mc8uS O lhc 8IlWOIX IS uOl SImQj OICc0 Ou IlS ccmculS,
I8lhcI, Il IcC8QIlu8lcS lh8l Iu WhICh lhcSc ccmculS COmmuuIC8lc WIlh Ouc 8u-
OlhcI, lhuS lhc SjulhcSIS IS IlSc 8 QIO0uCl O OlhcDcSS. u0cc0, SjulhcSIS h8S IlS
Ouu08lIOu Iu lhc SQIIIl0ISl8ul m8lcII8 0ImcuSIOu O WOIXS, Iu lh8l Iu WhICh Sju-
lhcSIS IS 8ClIVc. hIS uuIlcS lhc 8cSlhclIC ccmcul O OIm WIlh uOuCDICIOu. j
IlS 0IcIcuCc IOm cmQIIIC8 Ic8Ilj lhc 8IlWOIX ucCcSS8IIj COuSlIlulcS IlSc Iu
B . AKT,5OLLTY,AL5THLTL5
IC8lIDB lD WD8l Il IS BDl, 8B0 lD WD8l m8XCS Il 8B 8IlWDIX IB lD DISl Q8C. D
IBSISlCBCC DB lD BDBIBlCBlIDB8 IB 8Il WDICD IS 8QQ8IBl IB M S SymQ8lDy WIlD
IlS DWCI m8BISl8lIDBS DCgIBBIBg 8l 8 SQCCIHC DISlDIIC8 QDIBl WIlD C0XIB0S
0CIISIDB D lDC `8Il-MISl, WIlD PQDIB8IIC, 8B0 IB0CC0 WIlD lD DgIBBIBgS D
CuDISmQDIBlS uQ 8Il S uBCDBSCIDuS SC-CDBSCIDuSBCSS Iu IlS Q8IlICIQ8lIDB IB
WD8l IS CDBlI8Iy lD Il, lDIS SC-CDBSCIDuSBSS mDlIV8lC0 8IlS CuluI-CIIlIC8 luH
lD8l C8Sl D lD IuSIDB D IlS QuIy SQIIIlu8 DIBg.
P IS lD SDCI8 8BlIlDSIS D SOICly, BDl 0IICCly 0C0uCID IDm Il. D CDBSlIlu-
lIDB D 8IlS SQDCIC CDDCSQDB0S lD lDC CDBSlIlulIDB D 8B IBW8I0 SQ8C D mB 8S
lD SQ8C D lDCII ICQICSCBl8lIDB. P QIIDII lDC CDBSlIlulIDB D lhIS SQ8C Q8IlICI-
Q8lS IB SuDIm8lIDB. l IS lDIDI Q8uSID lD CDBCIV D 0VDQIBg lDC 0HBI-
lIDB D 8Il Dul D 8 lDCDIy D QSyCDIC IC. bXQlICISm lDW8I0 8BlDIDQDDgIC8 lDCD-
IIS D Dum8B IBV8II8BlS ICDmmB0S QSyCDD8B8ylIC lDDIy. ul lDIS lDDIy IS
mDIC QID0uClIV QSyCDDDgIC8y lD8B 8SlDClIC8y. 1DI QSyCDD8B8ySIS CDBSI0CIS
8IlWDIXS lD DC CSSCBlI8y uBCDBSCIDuS QID]CClIDBS D lDDSC WDD D8V QID0uCC0
lhm, 8B0, QICDCCuQI0 WIlD lD DImCBulICS D lDCm8lIC m8lCII8 , Il DIglS lD
C8lgDDCS D DIm 8B0, SD lD SQ8X, U8BSCIS lD Q08BUy D SBSIlIV 0DClDIS
lD lDC mDSl IB8QQIDQII8l DD]ClS, SuCD 8S DB8I0D 08 NIBCI DI 8u08IIC. DC
B8IIDW-mIB0C0BCSS, IB SQIl D 8 lD mQD8SIS DB SCX, IS ICVC8C0 Dy lDC 8Cl lD8l
8S 8 ICSul D lDCSC Slu0ICS, WDICD 8IC DB DSDDDlS D lDC DIDgI8QDIC8 80,
8IlISlS WDDSC WDIX g8VC uBCCBSDIC0 SD8QC lD lDC BCg8lIVIly D IC 8I 0ImISS0
8S BuIDlICS. 8DIgu S DDDX
"
8Clu8y IB 8 SIIDuSBCSS 8CCuSS 8u08II D
D8VIBg SuIC0 HDm 8 mDlDCI CDmQCX. D guCSlIDB IS BVCI DBC DID8CD0
WDlDI 8 QSyCDIC8y SDuB0 8u08II WDu0 D8V DB 8D lD WIIl DeFlowers
o/Evil, BDl lD mBlIDB WDlDI lDC QDCmS luD0 Dul WDIS DC8uS D lh BuID-
SIS. SyCDDDgIC8 BDIm8Cy IS DuU8gCDuSy Sl8DISD0 8S lDC CIIlCIIDB VB, 8S IB
8u08II, WDI 8SlDlIC gu8Ily IS DuBly QIC0IC8l0 DB lD 8DSBCC D mens
sunu.PCCDI0IBg lD lDC lDBC D QSyCDD8B8ylIC mDBDg8QDS, 8Il SDDu0 0C8 8HI-
m8lIVCy WIlD lD BCg8lIVIly D CXQCIICBC. DC BCg8lIVC CmCBl IS DC0 lD DC
BDlDIBg mDIC lD8B lDC m8IX D lD8l QIDCCSS D IQICSSIDB lD8l DDVIDuSy gDS IBlD
lDC 8IlWDIX. 1DI QSyCDD8B8ySIS, 8IlWDIXS 8I 08y0I8mS, Il CDBuSS lDm WIlh
0DCumCBlS 8B0 0ISQ8CCS lDCm IBlD lDC mIB0 D 8 0I8mCI, WDIC DB lD DlhI
D8B0, 8S CDmQCBS8lIDB DI lD CXCuSIDB D lDC XU8mCBl8 SQDCI, Il IC0uCCS 8Il-
WDIXS lD CIu0C lDCm8lIC m8lII8, 8IBg SU8BgCy SDDIl D 1Iu0S DWB lDCDIy D
lDC 0IC8mWDIX. PS WIlD 8 QDSIlIVISlS, lD HClIDB8 mBl IB MWDIXS IS
V8Sly DVCICSlIm8lC0 Dy lDC QICSumC0 8B8Dgy WIlD lD 0IC8m. B lD QIOCSS D
QID0uClIDB, WD8l IS QID]ClC0 IS DBy DBC CmCBl IB lDC 8IlISlS IC8lIDB lD lDC 8Il-
WDIX 8B0 D8I0y lD 0DBIlIV DB, I0IDm 8B0 m8lII8 D8VC lDII DWB ImQDI-
l8BCC, 8S 0DS, 8DDVC 8, lDC QID0uCl IlSC, lDIS I8Iy I VCI OCuIS lD lD 8B8-
ySlS. DC QSyCDD8B8ylIC lDCSIS, DI IBSl8BC, lD8l muSIC IS 8 0CBS 8g8IBSl lh
lDIC8l D Q8I8BDI8, 0DCS IB0CC0 DI lDC mDSl Q8Il DD0 lIu CIBIC8y, yl Il S8yS
BDlDIBg 8DDul lDC gu8Ily 8B0 CDBlCBl D 8 Q8IlICu8I CDmQDSIlIDB. C QSyCDD-
AKT, 5OLLTY, AL51HL1L5 |
"
8B8ylIC lDDIy D 8l IS SuQIIDI lD I08ISl 8SlDlICS IB lD8l Il DIIBgS lD IgDl WD8l
IS IBlD8 lD 8Il 8B0 BDl IlS 8IlISlIC. l DQS H 8Il IDm lD SQ D 8DSDul
SQIIIl. DI8S Vug8I I08ISm, I8BCDIDuSy DQQDS0 lD XBDW 0g D lD 8IlWDIX
8B0 SQCI8y XBDW0g D IlS BlWIBmBl WIU IBSlIBCl, WDu0 IX lD gu8I8B-
lIB 8l m 8 Qul8lIVy DIgDI SQDI, QSyCDD8B8ySIS WDIXS IB U DQQDSIl 0IIC-
lIDB, IB lD SQIIIl D BIgDlBmBl. DI Il 0CIQDIS lD SDCI8 CD8I8ClI lD8l
SQ8XS HDm 8 WDIX 8B0 m WDICD DB m8By DCC8SIDBS lD CD8I8ClI D IlS 8ulDDI IS
m8BISl, QSyCDD8B8ySIS 0ISDS lD CDBCIl m0I8lIBg IBXS DlWB lD SUC-
luI D 8IlWDIXS M0 lD SOI8 SUuCluI. ul QSyCDD8B8ySIS lDD C8SlS 8 SQ I-
8l0 lD I08ISm, lD8l D 8B 8DSDuly SuD]ClIV SIgB SySlm 0BDlIBg SuD]ClIV
IBSlIBClu8 ImQuSS. l uBDCXS QDBDmB8, Dul 8S SDDIl D U QDBDmBDB D
8Il. SyCDD8B8ySIS U8lS 8IlWDIXS 8S BDlDIBg Dul 8ClS, yl Il BgClS lDII DWB
DD]ClIVIly, lDII IBBI CDBSISlBCy, lDII V D DIm, lDII CIIlIC8 ImQuS, lDII
I8DDB lD BDBQSyCDIC8 I8Ily, 8B0, DB8y, lDII I08 D UulD. DB 8 Q8IBlI,
DDyIBg lD Q8Cl D lDl8 H8BXBSS DlWB 8B8ySl 8B0 Q8lIBl, mDCX0 lD D80
NIBBS BgI8VIBgS lD8l 08C0 DIS W8S, SD W8S IBDIm0 Dy lD M8ySl lD8l
lDIS W8S BDlDIBg Dul 8ggISSIDB DB DI Q8Il. PIlWDIXS 8I IBCDmQ88Dy SS 8
CDQy 8B0 QDSSSSIDB D lD 8IlISl lD8B 8 0DClDI WDD XBDWS lD 8IlISl XCuSIVy
IDm lD CDuCD C8B Im8gIB. LBy 0IH8BlS I0uC VIylhIBg IB 8Il lD lh uB-
CDBSCIDuS, IQ8DBg CICDcS. B 8IlISlIC QID0uClIDB, uBCDBSCIDuS DICS M DB
SDIl D ImQUS, m8lII8 8mDBg m8By DlDIS. Dy BlI lD WDIX m0I8l0 Dy
lD 8W D DIm, I lDIS WI BDl lD C8S, lD 8Clu8 SuD]Cl QDH8y0 Dy 8 WDIX
WDu0 D BDlDIBg Dul 8 CDQy. PIlWDIXS 8I BDl 1hemuticAppercepticn 1estsD
lDII m8XIS. 8Il D lD ISQDBSIDIIly DI lDIS QDIISlIBISm IS lD 0VDlIDB D
QSyCDD8B8ySIS lD lD I8Ily QIIBCIQ. D8lVI ISS lD DDy lDIS QIIBCIQ IS
8W8yS mIy `SC8Q, 808Ql8lIDB lD I8Ily DCDmS lD sammambonam.l
I8Ily QIDVI0S lO m8By gIlIm8l I8SDBS DI HIBg Il DI lD ImQuS lD D
ml Dy lD IB0IgB8lIDB D 8B I0DDgy SWDD lD D8ImDBy, DB QSyCDDDgIC8
gIDuB0S 8DB, 8Il IS mDI gIlIm8l lD8B QSyCDDDgy 8CXBDW0gS. Iu, Im8g-
IB8lIDB IS SC8Q, Dul BDl XCuSIVy SD. D8l U8BSCB0S lD I8Ily QIIBCIQ
lDW8I0 SDmlDIBg SuQIIDI IS 8W8yS 8SD Q8Il D WD8l IS DB8lD Il, lD QDIBl 8
l8uBlIBg HBgI 8l Il IS m8ICIDuS. Im8g D lD 8IlISl, 8S DB D lh lDI8l0,
IBlgI8l0 8S 8 BuIDlIC IB 8 SDCIly SWDD lD lD 0IVISIDB D 8DDI, IS 0ISlDIl0.
PmDBg 8IlISlS D lD DIgDSl I8BX, SuCD 8S lDDVB DI mDI8B0l, lD SDMSl
SBS D I8Ily W8S ]DIB0 WIlD SlI8BgmBl IDm I8Ily, lDIS, Uuy, WDu0 D 8
WDIlDWDI DD]Cl DI lD QSyCDDDgy D 8Il. l WDu0 B0 lD 0CIQDI lh 8IlWDIX
BDl ]uSl 8S DIBg IX U 8IlISl Dul 8S DIBg uBIX 8S W, 8S 8DDI DB 8 I8Ily I
SISlIBg lD 8IlISl. 8Il D8S QSyCDD8B8ylIC IOlS, lDB lDy lD IDDlS D 8Bl8Sy
IB lD 8Bl8Sy D DmBIQDlBC. DIS 8Bl8Sy IBCu0S lD WISD lD DIIBg 8DDul 8 Dl-
lI WDI0. DIS S lD lDl8 0I8ClIC, WDI8S lD VIW D 8Il 8S 8 mIy SuD]C-
lIV 8Bgu8g D lD uBCDBSCIDuS 0DS BDl VB lDuCD Il.
8Bl S 8SlhlICS IS lD 8BlIlDSIS D Iu0 S lDDIy D 8Il 8S WISD uHmBl. LIS-
I
_
AKT, 5OLLTY, AL5THLTL5
IBlcIcSlc0 IKIBg IS lhc DISl ccmcBl D lhc ]u0gmcBl D l8Slc IB lhc `PB8jlIC D lhc
c8ulIu.'" hcIc IBlcIcSl IS lcImc0 `lhc IKIBg lh8l Wc CDmDIBc WIlh lhc IcQIc-
ScBl8lIDB D lhc cXISlcBCc D 8B DD]cCl.' ' l IS BDl Cc8I, hDWcVcI, I Wh8l IS mc8Dl
Dj lhc `IcQIcScBl8lIDB D lhc cXISlcBCc D 8B DD]cCl IS IlS CDBlcBl, lhc lhcm8lIC
m8lcII8 IB lhc ScBSc D lhc DD]cCl lIc8lc0 IB lhc WDIK, DI lhc MlWDIK IlSc, Uc
QIcllj Bu0c mD0c DI lhc SWccl IcSDB8uCc D 8 muSIC8 lDBc C8D Dc KIlSCh DI Il C8B
Dc 8B IBlcgI8 ccmcBl D 8IlISlIC Qu8Ilj. hc 8CCcBl DB IcQIcScBl8lIDB IS 8 CDB-
ScQucBCc D 8BlS SuD]cClIVISlIC 8QQID8Ch, WhICh IB 8CCDI0 WIlh lhc I8lIDB8ISlIC
80IlIDB, BDl8Dj lh8l D NDScS NcB0cSSDhu, l8CIlj SccKS 8cSlhclIC Qu8Ilj IB lhc
ccCl lhc 8IlWDIK h8S DB lhc DDScIVcI. h8l IS IcVDulIDB8Ij IB lhc Critiqae c/
1admentIS lh8l WIlhDul c8VIBg lhc CIICc D lhc D0cI ccCl-8cSlhclICS 8Bl 8l
lhc S8mc lImc IcSlIIClc0 Il lhIDugh Imm8DcBl CIIlICISm, lhIS IS IB KccQIBg WIlh lhc
WhDc D hIS SuD]cClIVISm, WhICh Q8jS 8 SIgBIDC8Bl Q8Il IB hIS DD]cClIVc cDIl lD
S8Vc DD]cClIVIlj lhIDugh lhc 8B8jSIS D SuD]cClIVc ccmcBlS. LISIBlcIcSlc0BcSS
SclS IlSc 8l 8 0ISl8DCc IDm lhc Immc0I8lc ccCl lh8l IKIBg SccKS lD CDDScIVc,
8B0 lhIS IBIlI8lcS lhc H8gmcBl8lIDB D lhc SuQIcm8Cj D IKIBg. tDI, DBCc ShDD D
Wh8l 8Bl C8S IBlcIcSl, S8lIS8ClIDB DcCDmcS SD IB0clcImIB8lc lh8l Il BD DBgcI
ScIVcS lD 0cDBc Dc8ulj. hc 0DClIIBc D 0ISIBlcIcSlc0 S8lIS8ClIDB IS ImQDVcIIShc0
VIS--VIS lhc 8cSlhclIC, Il Ic0uCcS lhc QhcBDmcBDB cIlhcI lD DIm8 Dc8ulj, WhICh
WhcB ISD8lc0 IS hIghj 0uDIDuS, DI lD lhc SD-C8c0 SuDImc B8luI8 DD]cCl. hc
SuDIm8lIDB D lhc WDIK lD 8DSDulc DIm BcgcClS lhc SQIIIl D lhc WDIK IB lhc IB-
lcIcSl D WhICh SuDIm8lIDB W8S uB0cIl8KcB IB Uc DISl Q8Cc. hIS IS hDBcSlj 8B0
IBVDuBl8IIj 8llcSlc0 Dj 8BlS SlI8IBc0 DDlBDlc,^ IB WhICh hc 8SScIlS lh8l 8
]u0gmcBl D 8u DD]cCl D IKIBg m8j Iudccd Dc dI8IulcIc8lcd, jcl IulcIcSlIug, lh8l
IS, Il m8j QID0uCc IBlcIcSl cVcB WhcB Il IS BDl D8Sc0 DB Il. 8Bl 0IVI0cS 8cSlhclIC
ccIBg~M0 lhuS, IB 8CCDI0 WIlh lhc WhDc D hIS mD0c, 8Il IlSc~HDm lhc
QDWcI D 0cSIIc, lD WhICh lhc IcQIcScBl8lDB D lhc cXISlcBCc D 8B DD]cCl IccIS,
lhc IKIBg D SuCh 8 IcQIcScBl8lIDB 8W8jS h8S IccIcBCc lD lhc QDWcI D 0cSIIc.`
8Bl W8S lhc DISl lD 8ChIcVc lhc IBSIghl, BcVcI SIBCc DIgDllcB, lh8l 8cSlhclC CDm-
QDIlmcBl IS Hcc HDm Immc0I8lc 0cSIIc, hc SB8lChc0 8Il 8W8j HDm lh8l 8V8IICIDuS
QhIISlIBISm lh8l 8W8jS W8BlS lD lDuCh Il 8B0 l8Slc Il. cVcIlhccSS, lhc 8DlI8B
mDlI IS BDl 8lDgclhcI 8IcB lD QSjChD8B8jlIC 8Il lhcDIj. LVcB DI Icu0 MlWDIKS
8Ic BDl Immc0I8lc WISh uDmcBlS Dul D8BSDIm uBS8lISHc0 IDI0D IBlD 8 SDCI8j
QID0uClIVc 8ChIcVcmcBl, WhcIcDj lhc SOI8 V8uc D 8Il IS SImQj 8SSumc0, WIlh
uBCIIlIC8 IcSQcCl DI 8IlS QuDIC IcQul8lIDB. PlhDugh 8Bl cmQh8SIZcS lhc 0I-
cIcBCc DclWccB 8Il 8D0 lhc QDWcI D 0cSIc~M0 lhcIcDj DclWccB 8Il 8B0 cmQIII-
C8 Ic8Ilj ~muCh mDIc cBcIgclIC8j lh8D 0DcS tIcu0, hc 0DS BDl SImQj I0c8IZc
8Il. hc ScQM8lIDB D lhc 8cSlhclIC SQhcIc HDm lhc cmQIIIC8 CDBSlIlulcS 8Il. Xcl
8Bl 8BSCcB0cBl8j 8DcSlc0 lhIS CDBSlIlulIDB, WhICh IS 8 hISlDIIC8 QIOcSS, 8u0
SImQISlIC8j cQu8lc0 Il WIlh lhc cSScBCc D lhc 8IlISlIC, uBCDBCcDc0 lh8l lhc SuD-
]cClIVc, IBSlIBClu8 CDmQDBcBlS D Ml IcH mcl8mDIQhDSc0 cVcB IB MlS m8luIcSl
DIm, WhICh Bcg8lcS lhcm. hc 0jB8mIC Ch8I8ClcI D lhc 8IlISlIC IS muCh mDIc
AKT, SOClETY, AESTHETlCS ' I l
uy _I8SQ00 Dy I0u0S lh0OIy O SuDIm8lIOB. ul OI lhIS I0u0 008Iy h80 lO
Q8y BO Sm80I 8 QII00 lh8B 0I0 A8Bl. IB lh0 8ll0IS 08S0, IB SQIl0 O hIS QI00I-
0B00 OI S0BSu8 IBluIlIOB, lh0 SQIIIlu8 0SS0B00 O lh0 8IlWOIK OII_IB8l0S IB lh0 0IS-
lIB0lIOB D0lW00B 80Slh0lI0 8B0 QI80lI08 , 8QQ0lIlIV0 D0h8VIOI, I0u0 S 808Ql8lIOB
O lh0 80Slh0lI0 lO lh0 lh0OIy O lh0 IBSlIB0lS S00mS lO S08 IlS0 O IOm 8Il`S SQIII-
lu8 0SS0B00, OI I0u0, 8IlWOIKS 8I0 IB0000, 0V0B lhOu_h SuDIm8l00, Ill0 mOI0
lh8B Q0BIQOl0BlI8II0S O S0BSu8 ImQuS0S, WhI0h lh0y 8l D0Sl m8K0 uBI00O_BIZ-
8D0 lhIOu_h 8 SOIl O 0I08mWOIK. h0 0OBIOBl8lIOB O lh0S0 lWO h0l0IO_0B0OuS
lhIBK0IS~A8Bl BOl OBy I0j00l00 QhIOSOQhI08 QSy0hOO_ISm Dul IB hIS O0 8_0
IB0I08SIB_y I0j00l00 8 QSy0hOO_yIS B0V0Ilh00SS Q0ImIll00 Dy 8 0OmmOB8-
Ily lh8l OulW0I_hS lh0 8QQ8I0Bly 8DSOul0 0IH0I0B00 D0lW00B lh0 A8BlI8B 0OB-
SUu0lIOB O lh0 lI8BS00B00Bl8 SuDj00l, OB lh0 OB0 h8B0, 8B0 lh0 I0u0I8B I00OuIS0
lO lh0 0mQIII08y QSy0hOO_I08 OB lh0 Olh0I. Olh 8I0 IB QIIB0IQ0 SuDj00lIV0y
OII0Bl00 Dy lh0 QOW0I O 00SII0, Wh0lh0I Il IS IBl0IQI0l00 B0_8lIV0y OI QOSIlIV0y.
OI DOlh, lh0 8IlWOIK 0XISlS OBy IB I08lIOB lO IlS ODS0IV0I OI m8K0I. y 8 m00h8-
BISm lO WhI0h hIS mOI8 QhIOSOQhy IS SuDOI0IB8l0, 0V0B A8Bl IS 0OmQ000 lO
0OBSI00I lh0 0XISlIB_ IB0IVI0u8, lh0 OBlI0 00m0Bl, mOI0 lh8B IS 0OmQ8lID0 WIlh
lh0 I008 O lh0 lI8BS00B00Bl8 SuDj00l. h0I0 IS BO IKIB_ WIlhOul 8 IVIB_ Q0ISOB
WhO WOu0 0BjOy Il. hOu_h Il IS B0V0I m800 0XQI0Il, lh0 Critiqaeo/1admentIS
8S 8 WhO0 00VOl00 lO lh0 8B8ySIS O constitatu. 1huS Wh8l W8S Q8BB00 8S 8
DII0_0 D0lW00B lh0OI0lI08 8B0 QI80lI08 QuI0 I08SOB IS VIS-8-VIS DOlh 8B oIIo
vo. B0000, lh0 l8DOO OB 8Il 8B0 SO 8I 8S M IS 00DB00 Il OD0yS 8 l8DOO, OI
00DBIlIOBS 8I0 I8lIOB8 l8DOOS OIDI0S lh8l OB0 l8K0 8 8BIm8ISlI0 Sl8B00 lOW8I0
lh0 ODj00l, lh8l IS, U8l OB0 0OmIB8l0 Il Dy QhySI08y 00VOuIIB_ Il. ul lh0 QOW0I
O lh0 l8DOO 0OH0SQOB0S lO lh0 QOW0I lh8l Il QIOhIDIlS. h0I0 IS BO 8Il lh8l 0O0S
BOl 0OBl8IB IB IlS0 8S 8B 00m0Bl, B0_8l00, Wh8l Il I0QuS0S. Il IS mOI0 lh8B m0I0
IB0I0I0B00, lh0 A8BlI8B WIlhOul IBl0I0Sl muSl D0 Sh80OW00 Dy lh0 WI00Sl
IBl0I0Sl, 8B0 lh0I0 IS mu0h lO D S8I0 OI lh0 I008 lh8l lh0 0I_BIly O 8IlWOIKS 00-
Q0B0S OB lh0 IBl0BSIly O lh0 IBl0I0Sl IOm WhI0h lh0y 8I0 WI0Sl00. A8Bl 00BI0S
lhIS IB 8VOI O 8 0OB00Ql O I000Om lh8l 08SlI_8l0S 8S h0l0IOBOmOuS Wh8l0V0I IS
BOl DOH 0X0uSIV0y O lh0 SuD]00l. MIS lh0OIy O 8Il IS 0ISlOIl00 Dy lh0 IBSuH-
0I0B0y O lh0 0O0lIIB0 O QI80lI08 I08SOB. 1h0 I008 O SOm0lhIB_ D08ulIu, WhI0h
QOSS0SS0S OI h8S 80QuII00 SOm0 00_I00 O 8ulOBOmy IB lh0 800 O lh0 SOV0I0I_B ,
WOu0, _IV0B lh0 l0BOI O hIS QhIOSOQhy, D0 0ISQ8I8_00 8S W8B00IIB_ O IBlO IB-
l0I_ID0 I08mS. ul 8OB_ WIlh lh8l IOm WhI0h 8Il 8BlIlh0lI08y OII_IB8l00, Ml
IS ShOH O 8 0OBl0Bl, 8B0 IB IlS Q800 h0 QOSIlS SOm0lhIB_ 8S OIm8 8S 80Slh0lI0
S8lIS80lIOB. OI A8Bl, 80Slh0lI0S D00Om0S Q8I80OXI08y 8 08SlI8l00 h00OBISm,
00SII0 WIlhOul 00SII0. PB 0Qu8 IBjuSlI00 I S 0OB0 DOlh lO MlISlI0 0XQ0II0B00, IB
WhI0h IKIB_ IS Dy BO m08BS lh0 WhO0 O Il Dul Q8yS 8 SuDOI0IB8l0 IO0, 8B0 lO
S0BSu8 IBl0I0Sl, lh0 SuQQI0SS00 8B0 uBS8lISD00 B000S lh8l I0SOB8l0 IB lh0II 80S~
lh0lI0 B0_8lIOB 8B0 m8X0 8IlWOIKS mOI0 lh8B 0mQly Q8ll0HS. P0Slh0lI0 0ISIBl0I-
0Sl00B0SS h8S DIO800B00 IBl0I0Sl D0yOB0 Q8IlI0u8IIly. h0 IBl0I0Sl IB lh0 80Slh0lI0
! 2 | AK1, 5OL1Y,AL51HL1L5
lDl8Ilj W8ulc0 lD Dc, DD]cClIVcj, 8u IulcIcSl Iu 8 CDDcCl DIg8uIZ8lIDu D lhc
WhDc. l 8ImS uDl 8l lhc HDmcul D lhc Q8IlICu8I Dul I8lhcI 8l uuDDuu0 QDSSI-
DIIlj, lhDugh lh8l WDu0 Dc uD QDSSIDIIlj 8l 8 WIlhDul Uc QIcSuQQDSIlIDu D lhc
uHmcul D lhc Q8IlICu8I. LDIIc8lIVc lD lhc Wc8XucSS D 8ulS 8cSlhclICS,
Icu0S IS muCh mDIc I0c8ISlIC lh8u Il SuSQcClS. hcu 8IlWDIXS 8Ic lI8uS8lc0
QuIcj IulD QSjChIC8 ImB8ucuCc, lhcj 8Ic 0cQIIVc0 D lhcII 8ulIlhclIC Sl8uCc lD
lhc uDl-, WhICh Icm8IuS uuCh8cugc0 Dj lhc lhDDIucSS D 81lWDIXS. Jcj 8Ic
cXh8uSlc0 Iu lhc QSjChIC8 QcIDIm8uCc D g8IuIug m8SlcIj DVcI IuSlIuClu8 Icuuu-
CI8lIDu 8u0, ulIm8lcj, Iu lhc 8ChIcVcmcul D CDuDImIlj. hc QSjChDDgISm D
8cSlhclIC IulcQIcl8lIDu c8SIj 8gIccS WIlh lhc QhIISlIuc VIcW D lhc 8IlWDIX 8S
h8ImDuIDuSj guIclIug 8ul8gDuISmS, 8 0Ic8m Im8gc D 8 DcllcI Ic, uuCDuCcDc0
WIlh lhc mIScIj HDm WhICh lhIS Im8gc IS WIcSlc0. hc CDuDImISl QSjChD8u8jlIC
cu0DIScmcul D lhc QIcV8IIug VIcW D lhc 81lWDIX 8S 8 Wc-mcmIug CuluI8
CDmmD0Ilj CDIIcSQDu0S lD 8u 8cSlhclIC hc0DuISm lh8l D8uIShcS 8IlS ucg8lIVIlj lD
lhc IuSlIuClu8 CDuHIClS D IlS gcucSIS 8u0 SuQQHSScS 8uj ucg8lIVIlj Iu lhc HuIShc0
WDIX. SuCCcSSu SuDIm8lIDu 8u0 IulcgI8lIDu 8Ic m80c lhc cu0-8 8u0 Dc-8 D
lhc 81lWDIX, Il DScS lhc DICc Dj WhICh HcXCcc0S Uc gIVcu, WhICh Il IcuDuuCcS Dj
IlS mcH cXISlcuCc. hc mDmcul, hDWcVcI, lhc 8IlWDIX CDmQDIlS IlSc Dj Icl81uIug
lhc ucg8lIVIlj D Ic8Ilj 8u0 l8XIug 8 QDSIlIDu lD Il, lhc CDuCcQl D 0ISIulcIcSlc0ucSS
IS 8SD mD0IDc0. LDuU8Ij lD lhc 8ulI8u 8u0 Icu0I8u IulcIQIcl8lIDu D 8Il, 8Il-
WDIXS ImQj Iu lhcmScVcS 8 Ic8lIDu DclWccu IulcIcSl 8u0 IlS IcuuuCI8lIDu. LVcu
lhc CDulcmQ8lIVc 8llIlu0c lD 8IlWDIXS, WIcSlc0 IDm DD]cClS D 8ClIDu, IS cl
lhc 8uuDuuCcmcul D m Immc0I8lc QI8XIS 8u0 lD lhIS cXlcul IlSc QI8ClIC8~8S
8 tCDs8l lO Ql8y 8lOng. Lnly 8tlWOtks lh8l 8tC lO DC sCn8Cd 88 8 Otm O COmQOtl-
mcul h8Vc 8 I8ISDu 0CUc. P IS uDl Duj lhc QcuIQDlculI8Ij D 8 DcllcI QI8XIS
lh8u lh8l WhICh h8S lD 08lc QIc0Dm1u8lc0, Dul IS cgu8j lhc CIIlIguc D QI8XIS 8S
lhc Iuc D DIul8 Sc-QIcScIV8lIDu 8l lhc hc8Il D lhc Sl8luS guD m0 Iu IlS ScIVICc.
l gIVcS lhc Ic lD QID0uClIDu DI QID0uClIDuS SMc 8u0 DQlS DI 8 DIm D QI8XIS
DjDu0 lhc SQc D 8DDI. PIlS pmmessedabcnhearmc8uS uDl Duj lh8l hIlhcIlD
QI8XIS h8S DDCXc0 h8QQIucSS Dul lh8l h8QQIucSS IS DcjDu0 QI8XIS. hc mc8SuIc D
lhc Ch8Sm ScQ8I8lIug QI8XIS HDm h8QQIucSS IS l8Xcu Dj lhc DICc D ucg8lIVIlj Iu
lhc 8IlWDIX. LcIl8Iuj 8X8 0OS uDl 8W8Xcu Uc QDWcI D 0cSIIc. 3cl lhc Ic8
c8I lIIggcIc0 Dj QIDSc WDIXS IXc Metumcqhcsis DI 1he Fenul Cclcny, lh8l
ShDCX D IcVuSIDu 8u0 0ISguSl lh8l Sh8XcS lhc QhySIS, h8S, 8S 0ccuSc, mDIc lD 0D
WIlh 0cSIIc lh8u WIlh lhc D0 0ISIulcIcSlc0ucSS C8uCcc0 Dj 8X8 8u0 Wh8l D-
DWc0 hIm. PS 8 IcSQDuSc, 0ISIulcIcSlc0ucSS WDu0 Dc CIu0cj Iu80cgu8lc lD hIS
WIIlIugS. \lIm8lcj 0ISIulcIcSlc0ucSS 0cD8ScS 8Il lD Wh8l Mcgc mDCXc0, 8 Qc8S-
ml DI uScu Q8jlhIug D MDI8CcS ArsFceticu.l IS Dm UIS lh8l Uc 8cSUclICS
D lhc I0c8ISl 8gc, CDulcmQDI8ucDuSj WIlh 8Il IlSc, Hcc0 IlSc. Luj DuCc Il IS
0Duc WIlh l8Slc0 S8VDIIug 0OS 81lISlIC cXQcIIcuCc DcCDmc 8ulDuDmDuS. hc
IDulc lD 8cSlhclIC 8ulDuDmj QIDCcc0S Dj W8j D 0ISIulcIcSlc0ucSS lhc cm8uCI-
Q8lIDu D 8Il IDm CuISIuc DI QDDDgI8Qhj IS IIIcVDC8Dc. 3cl Ml 0OS uDl CDmc
AK1,5OLL1Y,AL51HL1L5 | l 3
lD IcSl Iu 0ISIulcIcSlc0ucSS. DI 0ISIulcIcSlc0ucSS IHH8uculj IcQID0uCcS8u0
U8uSDIHSIulcIcSl. u lhc 8Sc WDI0 8 Q0OVQ IS 8Sc. DI lhc S8Kc D h8QQI-
ucSS, h8QQIucSS IS IcuDuuCc0. l IS UuS lh8l 0cSIIc SuIVIVcS Iu 8l.
c8SuIc H8SQucI80cS DcjDu0 IcCDguIlIDu Iu lhc 8ulI8u 0ISIulcIcSlc0ucSS. h8l
QDQu8I CDuSCIDuSucSS 8u0 8 CDHQ8IS8ul 8cSlhclICS Icg8I0 8S lhc l8KIug Qc8SuIc
Iu 8Il, HD0cc0 Du Ic8 cu]DjHcul, QIDD8Dj 0DcS uDl cXISl. hc cHQIIIC8 SuD]cCl
h8S Duj 8 IHIlc0 8u0 HD0IDc0 Q8Il Iu MISlIC cXQcIIcuCc telqael, 8u0 lhIS Q8Il
H8j Wc Dc 0IHIuIShc0 Uc hIghcI lhc WDIK S I8uK. hDcVcI CDuCIclcj cu]DjS
8IlWDIKS IS 8 QhIISlIuc, hc IS CDuVIClc0 Dj cXQDSSIDuS IKc `8 c8Sl DI lhc c8IS.
3cl I lhc 8Sl U8CcS D Qc8SuIc WcIc cXlIQ8lc0, lhc QucSl1Du D Wh8l 8IlWDIKS 8Ic
DI WDu0 Dc 8u cHD8D8SSHcul. PClu8j, lhc HDIc lhcj 8Ic uu0cISlDD0, lhc cSS
lhcj 8Ic cu]Djc0. tDIHcIj, cVcu lhc U80IlIDu8 8ll1lu0c lD lhc 8IlWDIK, I Il W8S lD
D 8DSDulcj IccV8ul lD lhc WDIK, W8S lh8l D 80HII8lIDu lh8l lhc WDIKS cXISl 8S
lhcj 0D Iu lhcHScVcS 8u0 uDl DI Uc Sc D lhc DDScIVcI. h8l DQcuc0 uQ lD, 8u0
DVcIQDWcIc0, lhc DchD0cI W8S UcII Uulh, WhICh 8S Iu WDIKS D 8K8 S ljQc Dul-
WcIghS cVcIj DlhcI ccHcul. hcj WcIc uDl 8 hIghcI DI0cI D 8HuScHcul. hc Ic-
8l1Du lD 8Il W8S uDl lh8l D IlS QhjSIC8 0cVDuIIug, Du lhc CDuHj, lhc DchD0cI
0IS8QQc8Ic0 IulD lhc H8lcII8, lhIS IS cVcu HDIc SD Iu HD0cD WDIKS lh8l ShOl lD-
W8I0 lhc VIcWcI 8S Du OC8SIDu 8 DCDHDlIVc 0DcS Iu 8 DH. PSK 8 HuSICI8u I lhc
HuSIC IS 8 Qc8SuIc, lhc IcQj IS Ikcj lD Dc8S Iu lhc PHcIIC8u ]DKc D lhc @I-
H8CIug CcISl uu0cI DSC8uIuI]asthutemasic."DI hIH WhD h8S 8 gcuuIuc
Ic8l1Du lD 8D, m WhICh hc hIHSc V8uIShcS, 8Il IS uDl 8u DD]cCl, 0cQIIV8l1Du D 8Il
WDu0 D uuD88Dc DI hIH, jcl hc 0DcS uDl CDuSI0cI Iu0IVI0u8 WDIKS SDuICcS D
]Dj. uCDulcSl8Dj, uD Duc WDu0 0cVDlc hIHSc lD 8Il WIlhDul-8S lhc DDuIgcDIS
Qul IlgcllIug SDHclhIug Dul D Il, jcl lhIS IS uDl Uuc Iu lhc ScuSc lh8l 8 D88uCc
Shccl CDu0 D 0I8Wu uQ. `hc8I0 lhc Iulh bjHQhDuj lDuIghl, cu]Djc0 HjSc SD
8u0 SD HuCh cVcu lhDugh SuCh ccDc-HIu0c0ucSS h8S Dj uDW cSl8DIShc0 IlSc
8S CDHHDu ScuSc. hc DDuIgcDIS W8ul 8Il VDuQluDuS 8u0 Ic 8SCclIC, Uc IcVcISc
WDu0 Dc DcllcI. cIDc0 CDuSCIDuSucSS QIDVI0cS 8u cIS8lZ DI lhc ScuSu8 IHHc0I-
8Cj D WhICh Il 0cQIIVcS QcDQc Iu 8 SQhcIc lh8l IS uDl IlS 8DD0c. hIc lhc 8Il-
WDIK S ScuSu8 8QQc8 SccHIugj DIIugS Il CDSc lD lhc CDuSuHcI, Il IS 8Icu8lcU
DH hIH Dj DcIug 8 CDHHD0Ilj lh8l hc QDSScSScS 8u0 lhc DSS D WhICh hc HuSl
CDuSl8ulj c8. hc 8Sc Ic8lIDu lD 8Il IS Iu lD 8uXIclj DVcI QDSScSSIDu. hc
clIShISlIC I0c8 D lhc 8lWDIK 8S QIDQcHj lh8l C8u Dc QDSScSSc0 8u0 0cSUDjc0 Dj
IccClIDu h8S IlS cX8Cl CDDc8lIVc Iu lhc I0c8 D cXQDIl8Dc QIDQcDj WIlhIu lhc
QSjChDDgIC8 CDuDHj D lhc Sc. 8CCDI0Iug lD IlS DWu CDuCcQl 8Il h8S DcCDHc
Wh8l Il IS, lhIS IS uD cSS lhc C8Sc WIlh IlS C8SSIDC8lIDu 8S 8 SDuICc D Qc8SuIc, Iu-
0cc0, 8S CDHQDuculS D IIlu8 QI8XIS lhc H8gIC8 8u0 8uIHISlIC QIc0cCcSSDIS D 8Il
WcIc uDl 8ulDuDHDuS, jcl QIcCIScj DcC8uSc Ucj WcIc S8CIc0 lhcj WcIc uDl DD-
]cClS D cu]DjHcul. hc SQIIIlu8IZ8lIDu D 8Il IuCIlc0 lhc I8uCDI D lhc cXCu0c0
8u0 SQ8Wuc0 CDuSuHcI M 8S 8 gcuIc, Wh1c CDuVcIScj 8ulIQ8lhj lDW8I0 CDu-
SuHcI 8D CDH[c0 8IlISlS lD cVcI HDIc IcCKcSS SQIIIlu8IZ8lIDu. D uc0 LIccK
l4 | AT, 5OTY, A5THT!C5
SCuQluIc W8S 8 pin-ap.hc 8DuIlj O lhc mO0cD OI lhc 0ISl8ul Q8Sl 8u0 lhc cX-
OlIC IS cXQIC8Dc Ou lhc S8mc gIOuu0S. PIlISlS WcIc 0I8Wu Dj lhc 8DSlI8ClIOu HOm
u8luI8 OD]cClS 8S 0cSII8Dc, IuCI0cul8j, Iu lhc COuSUuClIOu O SjmDOIC 8Il
Mcgc 0I0 uOl OVcDOOK lhc uuScuSuOuS ccmcul O lhc 8ICh8C. hc ccmcul O
Qc8SuIc Iu M, 8 QIOlcSl 8g8IuSl lhc uuIVcIS8j mc0I8lc0 COmmO0Ilj Ch8I8ClcI, IS
Iu IlS OWu 8ShOu mc0I8Dc. hOcVcI 0IS8QQc8IS IulO lhc 8IlWOIK lhcIcDj g8IuS
0ISQcuS8lIOu HOm lhc ImQOVcIShmcul O 8 Ic lh8l IS 8W8jS lOO Illc. hIS Qc8-
SuIc m8j mOuul lO 8u cCSl8Sj OI WhICh lhc mc8gcI COuCcQl O cu]Ojmcul IS
h8I0j 80cQu8lc, OlcI U8u lO QIO0uCc 0ISguSl OI cu]OjIug 8ujlhIug. 1l IS SUKug,
IuCI0cul8j, lh8l 8u 8cSlhclIC lh8l COuSl8ulj IuSISlS Ou SuD]cClIVc ccIug 8S lhc
D8SIS O 8 D8ulj ucVcI ScIOuSj 8u8jZcC lhIS ccIug. PmOSl WIlhOul cXCcQ-
lIOu IlS 0cSCIIQlIOuS WcIc D8u8uSIC, QcIh8QS DcC8uSc IOm lhc DcgIuuIug lhc SuD-
]cClIVc 8QQIO8Ch m80c Il ImQOSSIDc lO IcCOguZc lh8l SOmclhIug COmQcIug C8u
Dc gI8SQc0 O 8cSlhclIC cXQcIcuCc Ouj Ou lc D8SIS O 8 Ic8lIOu lO lhc 8cSlhclIC
OD]cCl, uOl Dj IcCuIIug lO lhc uu O lhc 8Il OVcI. hc COuCcQl O 8IlISlIC cu]Oj-
mcul W8S 8 D80 COmQIOmISc DclWccu lhc SOCI8 8u0 lhc SOCI8j CIIlIC8 cSScuCc
O lhc 8IlWOIK. 8Il IS uSccSS OI lc DuSIucSS O Sc-QIcScIV8lOu ~DOuIgcOIS
SOCIclj ucVcI QuIlc OIgIVcS lh8l~Il ShOu0 8l c8Sl 0cmOuSU8lc 8 SOIl O uSc-
V8uc mO0ccC Ou ScuSu8 Qc8SuIc. hIS 0ISlOIlS Ml 8S Wc 8S lhc QhjSIC8 uD-
mcul lh8l 8Il`S 8cSlhclIC IcQIcScul8lIVcS 0O uOl 0SQcuSc. h8l 8 QcISOu WhO IS
IuC8Q8Dc O ScuSu8 0IcIculI8lIOu ~WhO C8uuOl 0ISDuguISh 8 Dc8ulIu IOm 8
8l SOuu0, 8 DIII8ul IOm 8 0u COOI~IS h8I0j C8Q8Dc O 8IlISlC cXQcIIcuCc, IS
hjQOSl8lIZc0. PcSlclIC cXQIIcuCc 0OS Iu0cc0 DcucDl HOm 8u IulcuSIDc0 Scu
Su8 0IcIculI8lIOu 8S 8 mc0Ium O gIVIug OD, jcl lhc Qc8SuIc Iu lhIS IS 8W8jS
Iu0IIcCl. hc ImQOIl8uCc O lhc ScuSu8 Iu M h8S V8IIc0, 8lcI 8u 8gc O 8SCclICISm
Qc8SuIc DcCOmcS 8u OIg8u O IDcI8lIOu 8u0 VIV8CIOuSucSS, 8S Il 0I0 Iu lhc cu8S-
S8uCc 8u0 lhcu 8g8u Iu lhc 8ulI-NIClOII8u ImQuSc O ImQIcSSIOuISm, 8l OlhcI
mOmculS CIc8luI8 S80ucSS h8S DOHc WImcSS lO 8 mcl8QhjSIC8 COulcul Dj cIOlC
cXCIlcmcul QcDc8lIug Uc OImS. 3cl hOWcVcI QOWcIu, hISlOIICmj, lhc OICc O
Qc8SuIc lO IcluH m8j Dc, WhcucVcI Il 8QQcMS Iu 8Il IlcI8j, uu0cH8Clc0, Il h8S
8u Iu8ulIc Qu8Ilj. Luj Iu mcmOIj 8u0 OugIug, uOl 8S 8 COQj OI 8S 8u Immc0I
8lc ccCl, IS Qc8SuIc 8DSOIDc0 Dj 8Il. \lIm8lcj, 8VcISIOu lO Uc CIu0cj ScuSu8
8Icu8lcS cVcu lhOSc QcIO0S Iu WhICh Qc8SuIc 8u0 OIm COu0 SlI COmmuuIC8lc
Iu 8 mOIc 0IIcCl 8ShIOu, lhIS uOl c8Sl O 8 m8j h8Vc mOlIV8lc0 lhc Ic]cClIOu O
ImQIcSSIOuISm.
\u0cIjIug lc ccmcul O Hl Iu 8cSlclC hc0OuSm IS lhc 8Cl lh8l Iu 8Il lhc
mc8uS 8u0 lhc cu0S 8Ic uOl I0culIC8. u lhcI 0I8cClIC, lhc ODcI COuSl8ulj
8SScIlS 8 CcIl8u, 8u0 Iu0%0 mcC8lc0, u0cQcu0cuCc. hIOugh lhc ccmcul O
ScuSuOuS S8lIS8ClIOu lhc WOIKS SIuc Qu8 uOu, IlS 8QQc8I8uCc, IS COuSlIlulc0. PS
PD8u cIg S80, Il IS 8 QIOS8IC m8llcI lO m8Kc SuIc lh8l lhc WOIK ShOWS uO u8IS
SlICKIug Oul 8u0 U8l lhc guc 0OS uOl SlIuK, m0 Iu mmj O NOZMlS COmQOSI-
lIOuS lhc 0cIC8Cj O cXQIcSSIOu cVOKcS lhc SWcclucSS O lhc hum8u VOICc. u
AT, 5OCETY, A5THETC5 I5
ImQDIl8Bl 8IlWDIKS lhc ScuSDuS IumIu8lc0 Dj IlS 8Il ShIucS DIlh 8S SQIIIlu8 ]uSl
8S lhc 8DSU8Cl 0cl8I, hDWcVcI Iu0IcIcul lD 8QQc8I8uCc Il m8j Dc, g8IuS ScuSuDuS
uSlcI IDm lhc SQIIIl D lhc WDIK. bDmclImcS Dj VIIluc D UcII 0IcIculI8lc0 DI-
m8 8ugu8gc, 8tlWDIKS lh8l 8Ic 0cVcDQc0 8u0 8IlICu8lc0 Iu lhcmScVcS Q8j
DVcI, ScCDu08IIj, IulD Uc ScuSuDuSj Qc8SIug. LVcu Iu IlS cQuIV8culS Iu lhc VI-
Su8 8IlS, 0ISSDu8uCc, lhc Sc8 D cVcIjlhIug mD0cD, gIVcS 8CCcSS lD lhc 8uIIugj
ScuSuDuS Dj lI8uSDguIIug Il IulD IlS 8ulIUcSIS, Q8Iu 8u 8cSlhclIC 8IChcljQc D 8m-
DIV8cuCc. hc SDuICc D lhc ImmcuSc ImQDIl8uCc D 8 0ISSDu8uCc DI ucW 8Il
SIuCc 8u0c8IIc 8u0 1r$I0nVcIIl8Dj 8u IuV8tI8ul D lhc mD0cD~IS lh8l lhc
Imm8ucul Q8j D DICcS Iu lhc 8tlWDIK CDuVcIgcS WIlh cXlcD8 Ic8Ilj. lS QDWcI
DVcI lhc SuD]cCl IulcuSIDcS Iu Q8I8c WIlh lhc IuCIc8SIug 8ulDuDmj D lhc WDIK.
LISSDu8uCc cICIlS IDm WIlhIu lhc WDIK lh8l WhICh Vug8I SDCIDDgj C8S IlS SD-
CI8 8Icu8lIDu. u lhc mc8uUmc, D CDuISc, 8tlWDIKS h8Vc Scl 8 l8DDD cVcu Du SQIII-
lu8j mc0I8lc0 Su8VIlj 8S DcIug lDD SImI8I lD IlS Vug8I DIm. hIS 0cVcDQmcul
m8j Wc c80 lD 8 Sh8IQuIug D lhc l8DDD Du lhc ScuSu8, 8lhDugh Il IS SDmc-
lImcS h8I0 lD 0ISlIuguISh lD Wh8l cXlcul lhIS l8DDD IS gIDuu0c0 Iu lhc 8W D DIm
8u0 lD Wh8l cXlcul SImQj Iu lhc 8IuIc D CI8l, 8 QucSlIDu, IuCI0cul8j, lh8l IKc
m8uj D IlS IK DcCDmcS 8 IlcSS lDQIC D 8cSlhclIC 0cD8lc. hc l8DDD Du lhc Scu-
Su8 ulIm8lcj cuCID8ChcS Du lhc DQQDSIlc D Qc8SuIc DcC8uSc, cVcu 8S Uc Ic-
mDlcSl cChD, Qc8SuIc IS ScuSc0 Iu IlS SQcCIhC ucg8lIDu. tDI lhIS 8cSlhclIC ScuSD-
IIum 0ISSDu8uCc Dc8IS 8 lDD CDScj Du IlS CDulI8tj, IcCDuCII8lIDu, Il IcDuS lhc
ScmD8uCc D lhc hum8u 8S 8u I0cDDgj D lhc Iuhum8u 8u0 QIccIS lD ]DIu DICcS
WIlh IcIDc0 CDuSCIDuSucSS. LISSDu8uCc CDugc8S IulD 8u Iu0IcIcul m8lcII8, Iu-
0cc0, Il DcCDmcS 8 ucW DIm D Immc0I8Cj, WIlhDul 8uj mcmDIj 8Cc D Wh8l Il
0cVcDQc0 Dul D, 8u0 lhcIcDIc gullc0 8u0 8uDujmDuS. tDI 8 SDCIclj Iu WhICh 8tl
uD DugcI h8S 8 Q8Cc 8u0 WhICh IS Q8lhDDgIC8 Iu 8 IlS Ic8ClIDuS lD Il, 8Il I8g-
mculS Du Duc h8u0 IulD 8 IcIhc0, h8I0cuc0 CuluI8 QDSScSSIDu 8B0 Du lhc DlhcI
IulD 8 SDuICc D Qc8SuIc lh8l lhc CuSlDmcI QDCKclS 8u0 lh8l DI lhc mDSl QMl h8S
Illc lD 0D WIlh lhc DD]cCl IlSc. buD]cClIVc Qc8SuIc Iu lhc 8IlWDIK WDu0 8QQIDX-
Im8lc 8 Sl8lc D Icc8Sc IDm lhc cmQIIIC8 8S IDm lhc lDl8Ilj D hclcIDuDmDuS.
bChDQcBh8ucI m8j h8Vc Dccu lhc DISl lD Ic8IZc lhIS. hc h8QQIucSS g8Iuc0 IDm
8IlWDIKS IS lh8l D h8VIug Su00cuj cSC8Qc0, uDl 8 mDISc D lh8l IDm WhICh 8Il
cSC8Qc0, Il IS 8CCI0cul8 8u0 cSS cSSculI8 lD 8Il lh8u lhc h8QQIucSS Iu IlS KuDW-
c0gc, Uc CDuCcQl D 8cSUclIC Qc8SuIc 8S CDuSlIlulIVc D 8Il IS lD Dc SuQcISc0c0.
Iu KccQIug WIlh Mcgc S IuSIghl 8 ccIug Ic8lc0 lD 8u 8cSlhclIC DD]cCl h8S 8u 8C-
CI0cul8 8SQcCl, uSu8j lh8l D QSjChDDgIC8 QID]cClIDu, lhcu Wh8l lhc WDIK 0c-
m8u0S HDm IlS DchD0cI IS KuDWc0gc, 8u0 Iu0cc0, KuDWc0gc lh8l 0DS ]uSlICc lD
Il. hc WDIK W8ulS IlS ulh 8u0 uulIulh lD Dc gI8SQc0. PcSlhclIC hc0DuISm IS lD Dc
CDuIDulc0 WIlh lhc Q8SS8gc IDm 8ul S 0DClIIuc D lhc SuDImc, WhICh hc
lImI0j cXCu0c0 IDm 8Il. M8QQIucSS Iu 8IlWDIKS WDu0 Dc lhc ccIug lhcj IuSlI
D Sl8u0Iug hIm. hIS hD0S lIuc DI lhc 8cSlhclIC SQhcIc 8S 8 WhDc mDIc lh8u DI
8uj Q8IlICu8t WDIK.
! | 5A1ON
PDug WIU lhc C8!cgDIIcS, !hc m8lcII8S lDD h8Vc DSl !hcII 8 QIIDII Sc-cVI0cuCc,
8u0 lhIS IS 8QQ8Icul Iu lhc C8Sc D QDclIC 8ugu8gc. hc 0ISIulcgI8lIDu D !hc m8!c-
II8S IS lhc UIumQh D lhcII DcIug-DI-DlhcI. MDm8uuS!h8S 1heLcrd Chundcs
Letter'DcC8mc 8mDuS 8S lhc DIS! S!IIXIug cVI0cuCc D UIS. cD-IDm8ulIC QDc
8S 8 WhDc C8u Dc CDuSI0cIc0 8S 8u cDIl !D DQQDSc lhIS 0ISIu!cgI8lIDu 8n0 !D WIu
D8CX DI 8ngu8gc 8B0 D!hcI m8!cII8S 8 0cgIcc D SuDS!8BlI8Ily. hc 8VcISIDu cl
!DW8I0 1aendstil,hDWcVcI, IS 8 IcSQDuSc lD Uc 8IuIc D lhIS cDDH. cUDSQcC-
lIVcy, Iu 88S WDI0S, I! 8QQc8IS 8S 8 Ighlhc8Hc0 ]DuDcy gDIug uDWhcIc. u
!hc DQcuIug QDcm !D 8 CyCc IDm lhc bcVculh Iug, 8u IuVDC8lIDu D 8 DIcSl,
LcDIgc ucc0c0 Duy lD ]uXl8QDSc Ccld8u0 Kumecl[C8cI8u| lD Dc 8Dc lD hDQc
U8l, Iu XccQIug WI!h hIS QIIuCIQc D SlyIZ8lIDu, lhc ChDICc D WDI0S WDu0 gIm-
mcI QDlIC8y. bIX 0cC80cS 8lcI lhc WDI0 ChDICc C8u Dc IcCDguIZc0 8S 8 0cCDI8-
lIVc 8II8ugcmcul, uD DugcI SuQcIIDI lD !hc CIu0c 8CCumu8!IDu D 8 QDSSIDc QIc-
CIDuS m8lcII8S Iu I0c S DcriunCruy,WhcIc lhc IulcIIDIS D 8 ChIC 8cSlhclICISm
HScmDc Sm8Il 8u!Iguc ShDQS 8u0 8uClIDu h8S 8B0 lhuS lhc CDmmcICI8 WDI0
I0c DSlcuSIDy 0IS08Iuc0. Pu8DgDuSy, bChDcuDcIg Icm8IXc0 lh8l LhDQIu W8S
DIluu8lc. Mc ucc0c0 Duy !D CDmQDSc Iu t-Sh8IQ m8]DI, 8 SlI uucXQDIlc0 Xcy,
DI hIS muSIC !D Dc Dc8u!Iu. hIS, hDWcVcI, IcguIIcS !hc hISlDIICDQhIDSDQhIC8
C8Vc8! lh8l lhc m8lcII8S D c8Iy muSIC8 IDm8ulICISm, SuCh 8S LhDQIu S I8Ic
lDu8I!IcS, 0I0 Iu0cc0 I80I8lc lhc DICc D !hc uulID00cu, WhcH8S lhcSc S8mc m8lc-
II8S WcIc Dy V 8Ic80y 0cD8Sc0 lD lhc CDu0IlIDu D DcIug SccCl. hc 8!c
SuDcIc0 Dy lhIS gcucI8!IDuS WDIXS, !hcII ]uXl8QDSIlIDuS 8u0 XcyS, IucXDI8Dy
Dcc lhc lI80IlIDu8 CDuCcQl D lhc QDclIC 8S SDmclhIug C8lcgDIIC8y hIghcI 8u0
S8CIcd. o IclIc8lcd IulD Wh8l 8D8u0DuS IlSc uBIcScIVcdly lD lhc QIDCcSS D
0ISIuSIDumcul. l IS !hIS lh8l CDuSlIlulcS lhc IIIcSISlIDIIly D cCXcllS WDIX.
P IcSQDu0S lD lhc DSS D IlS Sc-cVI0cuCc uDl SImQy Dy CDuCIclc lI8BSDIm8-
lIDuS D IlS QIOCc0uIcS M0 CDmQDIlmculS Dul Dy UyIug lD Qu I!Sc Hcc HDm IlS
DWu CDuCcQl 8S HDm 8 Sh8CXc. !hc 8C! lh8l Il IS 8Il. hIS IS mDSl SUIXIugy CDu-
DImc0 Dy Wh8! WcIc DuCc lhc DWcI 8I!S 8u0 culcIl8Iumcu!, WhICh 8Ic !D08y 80-
mIuISlcIc0, IulcgI8lc0, 8u0 gu8Il8!IVcy IcSh8Q0 Dy lhc CuluIc Iu0uSUy. tDI !hIS
DWcI SQhcIc ucVcI DDcyc0 !hc CDuCcQl D QuIc 8I!, WhICh I!Sc 0cVcDQc0 8lc.
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DDlh IlS U80IlIDu8 8u0 CDulcmQDI8Iy DImS, 8CCDmQIShcS. hDSc WhD h8Vc Dccu
0uQ0 Dy !hc CuluIc Iu0uSUy 8u0 8Ic c8gcI DI IlS CDmmD0I!IcS WcIc ucVcI 8mI-
I8I WIlh M. hcy 8Ic lh0cDIc 8Dc lD QcICcIVc MS Iu80cgu8Cy !D lhc QIcScu! Ic
QIOCcSS D SDCIcly ~lhDugh uDl SDCIcly S DWu uuUu!h ~mDIc uuDDSlIuClc0y lh8u
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lhIug, lD 8lDW uD WDIX lD Dc Wh8l Il IS, lD 0IcSS Il uQ, lD u8IIDW IlS 0ISl8uCc HDm
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SlATON L ! T
muSl DC m80C lD 0IS8QQC8I. DIS I S IDC SuD]CClIVC D8SIS DI C8SSIyIu_ 8Il 8mDu_
IDC CDuSumCI _OS uu0CI lDC CDuUD D vestedinterests.1 0CSQIlC alDIS, 8Il 0DcS
uDl DCCDmC SImQy CDuSum8DC, lDCu 8l C8Sl lDC IC8IIDu lD Il C8u DC mD0CC0 Du
lDC IC8lIDu lD 8Clu8 CDmmD0Ily _DD0S. DIS IS H80C C8SICI DCC8uSC Iu IDC 8_C D
DVCQID0uClIDu UC CDmmD0Ily S uSC V8uC D8S DCCDmC guCSlIDu8DC 8u0 yIC0S
lD lDC SCCDu08Iy _I8DHC8lIDu D QICSlI_C, D DCIu_ Iu SlCQ, 8u0, Hu8y, D IDC CDm-
HD0Ily CD8I8ClCI IlSC. 8 Q8ID0y D 8CSIDCDC SCmD8uCC. DlDIu_ ICm8IuS D lDC
8ulDuDmy D MU8l MWDIXS SDDu0 DC CDuSI0CIC0 DCllCI lDau lDCy CDuSI0CI
lDCmSCVCS lD D 8IDuSCS Iu0I_u8lIDu Iu CuluIC CuSlDmCISDIDCI lD8u lDC ClISD
CD8I8ClCI D lDC CDmmD0Ily, IC_ICSSIDu lD lDC 8ICD8IC ClISDISH Iu lDC DII_Iu D 8Il.
D lDIS CXlCul lDC CDulCmQDI8Iy 8llIlu0C lD 8Il IS IC_ICSSIVC. D8l IS CDuSuHC0 IS
lDC 8DSU8Cl DIu_-DI-DUCI D lDC CuluI8 CDmmD0IlICS, lDDu_D WIlDDul lDCII 8C-
lu8y DCIu_ DI DlDCIS, Dy SCIVIu_ lDC CuSlDmCIS, IDCy lDCmSCVCS MC DU8yC0.
DC D0 8H01ly D lDC DCDD0CI 8u0 lDC DCDC0 IS luDC0 Du IIS DC80. 1uSD8I 8S lDC
uDW IyQIC8 8lDlu0C H8XCS lDC 8IlWDIX SDmCIDIu_ HCICy 8Clu8, CVCu 8IlS
mImClIC CCmCul, IlSC IuCDmQ8lIDC WIlD WD8lCVCI IS QuICy 8 lDIu_, IS DMCIC0
D 8S 8 CDHHD0Ily. DC CDuSumCI 8IDIlI8IIy QID]CClS DIS ImQuSCS ~H1mCIIC
ICmu8ulSDu WD8lCVCI IS QICSCulC0 lD DIm. IIDI lD lDl8 80mIuISU8lIDu, IDC SuD-
]CCl WDD VICWC0, DC8I0, DI IC80 8 WDIX W8S lD DSC DIHSC, DI_Cl DImSC, CXlIu-
_uISD DImSC Iu IDC MWDIX. DC I0CulIHC8IIDu C8DIC0 Dul Dy lDC SuD]CCl W8S
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SC IXC lDC 8IlWDIX. DIS I0CulIHC8lIDu CDuSlIlulC0 8CSlDClIC SuDIm8lIDu, MC_C
u8mC0 lDIS CDmQDIlmCul ICC0Dm lD lDC DD]CCl. MC UuS Q8I0 DDm8_C lD lDC SuD-
]CCl lD8l DCCDmCS SuD]CCl Iu SQIIIlu8 CXQCIICuCC lDIDu_D SC-ICIuguISDHCul, lDC
DQQDSIlC D lDC QDIISlIuC 0Cm800 lD8l lDC 8IlWDIX _IVC DIm SDmClDIu_. PS 8 l8D-
u8 I8S8 D SuD]CClIVC QID]CClIDuS, DDWCVCI, lDC 8IlWDIX IS SDDD D IlS gu8Il8lIVC
0ImCuSIDu. DC QDCS D lDC 8IlWDIXS 0C8CSIDClICIZ8lIDu 8IC lD8l Il IS m80C 8S
muCD 8 lDIu_ MDu_ IDIu_S 8S 8 QSyCDDD_IC8 VCDICC D lDC SQCCl8lDI. D8l lDC
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8u0 CXQDIlC0 Dy lDC CuluIC Iu0uSlIy. 1l CDuUIVCS lD H8XC lD8l 8QQ8I uCM 8u0 8-
mIIM lD IlS 8u0ICuCC lD8l D8S DCCu CSlI8u_C0 IDm lDCH 8u0 DIDu_Dl CDSC 8_8Iu
Duy Dy D8VIu_ DCu DClCIDuDHDuSy m8uIQu8lc0. LVCu UC SDCI8 8I_umCuI8lIDu
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8IlWDIX S 8ulDuDmy IS, Iu0CC0, uDl 8 QIIDII Dul lDC SC0ImCul8lIDu D 8 DISlDIIC8
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8W D DD0. DC I0C8 D CC0DH, 8XIu lD 8CSlDClIC 8ulDuDmy, W8S SD8QC0 Dy
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IB0uSlf lh8l 0f8WS lh0 IB0 8l 8fl. X0l WhDV0f,IIghl, S0BS0S uBf000Dm IB 8
8fl IS l0mQl00 lD C8QIlu8l0,lD f0SIgB IBlh0 8C0 Dlh0 g8lh0fIBg DfC0S D 80mIB-
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IBSl080,IB lh0S0mD8BC0D Wh8l IS Dlh0f,IlS QDSSIDIIl8SD uBD0S. h8l IB lh0
mI0Sl D U0 Im8g00SS WDI0 lh0 B000 Df 8fl IBl0BSID0S~8S Il 0DS 8SD 8mDBg
lh0 m8SS0S, WhD W0f0 DfSl CDBfDBl00 WIlh 8fI lhfDugh m0Ch8BIC8 m08BS D
f0QfD0uClIDB~l0B0S lD 8fDuS0 0DuDlS f8lh0f lh8B, gIV0B lh0 0Xl0D8Il D IDIS
B000 Df 8fl, 0B8DIBg 8fI`S CDBlIBu00 0XISl0BC0 lD D0 000B000. h0 CDmQ0-
m0Bl8f Ch8f8Cl0f D lhIS B000, 8B 8l0fIm8g0 D m8gIC 8S CDBSD8lIDB Df 0IS-
0BCh8Blm0Bl, 00gf800S 8fl lD 8B 0X8mQ0 D mandas va/tdecipi 8B0 00DfmS Il.
PSDD0DBgIBglDlh0DBlDDg D8S0CDBSCIDuSB0SS 8f0lhDS0Ch8f8Cl0fISlICS IB
WhIChlh0DDufg0DISI0,WhIChID0f8l00 8l lh0 S8m0 lIm0 lh8l IlDfI000SQIIIl,S0-
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Il.DU00XRBllh8l8fICDff0SQDB0SlDm8BI0SlSDCI8B000IlISQfIm8fI8QfDDl-
0fIV0BIB0uSUlh8lC8ffI0SDBDf8SDBg8SIlQ8S,8B0DIlSSmDDlhuBClIDBIBg
Il DDSCuf0S lh0 8Cl lh8l Il IS 8f080 0080. h0f0 8f0 0DufIShIBg g0Bf0S 8B0 SuD-
g0Bf0S D MI, U80IIIDB8 DQ0f8 Df DB0, lh8l 8f0 lDl8 0VISC0f8l00 WIlhDul lhIS
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8QQfDXIm8lIBgIlS DWB Sl8B08f0 D Q0f0ClIDB, DQf8SSQIDlu8 IBSuDCI0BC Qf0-
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lh0 B000SDlhDS0WhDWIlhh0Ighl0B00QfDuClIV0QDW0ISW0f0lDf8IS0lh0WhD0
lD 8hIgh0fDfmBDDBg0fm8K0SS0BS0,BDWIh8llh0S0B000Sh8V0D00BIBl0gf8l00
D 8 8S0 SDCI0l 8B0 lf8BSDfm00 IBlD 8S0 DB0S. hDS0 B000S 0D, juSl 8S W8S
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u 8BW8lDg8IB 8f08lIDBlD8fI IlmuSl D0DB lh0D8SISlD8lSDm0UIBgIBf08Il,
SDm0lhIBg D8CK D lh0 V0I SQuB D lh0 IBl0fQ8 D IBSlIlulIDBS 8B0 8S0 B000S,
DDj0ClIV0 00m8B0S 8fl, 8B0 lh8l Il 00m8B0S 8B 8fIlh8l SQ08KSDfWh8l lh0 V0I
hI00S. hDugh 0ISCufSIV0 KBDW00g0 IS 800gu8l0 lD f08Il, 8B0 0V0B lD IlS IIf8-
lIDB8IlI0S, WhICh DfIgIB8l0 IB IlS 8WS D mDlIDB, SDm0lhIBg IB f08Il f0DuS
f8lIDB8 KBDW00g0. bu0fIBg f0m8IBS Df0IgB lD KBDW00g0 lhDugh KBDW00g0
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8S IS DDVIDuS IB QDSl-MIl0f L0fm8B. 1B 8B 8g0 D IBCDmQf0h0BSID0 hDHDf,
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Q0fh8QS SuC0 DB Df 8fI. M0g0S lh0SIS lh8l 8fI IS CDBSCIDuSB0SS D QIghl h8S
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lhIDWS IBlD IcIc hIS SC8ICcj ScCu8IIZc0 lhcDDgIC8 DQlImISm, hIS cXQcCl8lIDB
D 8B 8Clu8 Ic8IZ8lIDB D Icc0Dm. hc 0MKcBIBg D lhc WDI0 m8KcS lhc III8-
lIDB8Ilj D 8Il I8lIDB8. I80IC8j 08IKcBc0 8Il. h8l lhc cBcmIcS D mD0cD 8Il,
WIlh 8 DcllcI IBSlIBCl lh8B IlS 8BXIDuS 8QDDgISlS, C8 IlS Bcg8lIVIlj IS lhc cQIlDmc
D Wh8l cSl8DIShc0 CuluIc h8S IcQIcSSc0 8B0 lh8l lDW8I0 WhICh 8Il IS 0I8WB. B IlS
Qc8SuIc IB lhc IcQIcSSc0, 8Il 8l lhc S8mc lImc l8KcS IBlD IlSc lhc 0IS8SlcI, lhc
QIIBCIQc D IcQIcSSIDB, I8lhcI lh8B mcIcj QIDlcSlIBg hDQccSSj 8g8IBSl Il. h8l
8Il cBuBCI8lcS lhc 0IS8SlcI Dj I0cBlIjIBg WIlh Il 8BlICIQ8lcS IlS cBcIV8lIDB, lhIS, BDl
8Bj QhDlDgI8Qh D lhc 0IS8SlcI DI 8Sc h8QQIBcSS, 0cDBcS Uc 8llIlu0c D 8ulhcBlIC
CDBlcmQDI8Ij 8Il lD 8 I80IC8j 08IKcBc0 DD]cClIVIlj, lhc SWcclBcSS D 8Bj DlhcI
gIVcS IlSc lhc Ic.
8Bl8SlIC 8Il IB IDm8BlICISm, 8S Wc 8S IlS lI8CcS IB m8BBcIISm 8B0 lhc D8IDQuc,
QIcScBlS SDmclhIBg BDBcXISlcBl 8S cXISlIBg. hc DClIDBS 8Ic mD0IDC8lIDBS D cm-
QIIIC8 Ic8Ilj. hc ccCl lhcj QID0uCc IS lhc QIcScBl8lIDB D lhc BDBcmQIIIC8 8S I
Il WcIc cmQIIIC8. hIS ccCl IS 8CIIl8lc0 DcC8uSc lhc DClIDBS DIIgIB8lc IB lhc cm-
QIIIC8. WcW 8Il IS SD DuI0cBc0 Dj lhc WcIghl D lhc cmQIIIC8 lh8l IlS Qc8SuIc IB
DClIDB 8QScS. LVcB cSS 0DcS Il W8Bl lD IcQID0uCc lhc 8C80c. j 8VDI0IBg CDBl8-
mIB8lIDB IDm Wh8l SImQj IS, 8Il cXQIcSScS Il 8 lhc mDIc IBcXDI8Dj. PIc80j
8K8 S QDWcI IS lh8l D 8 Bcg8lIVc cc DI Ic8Ilj, Wh8l lhDSc WhD mISuB0cISl8B0
hIm l8Kc lD Dc 8Bl8SlIC IB hIS WDIK IS "Ccmmentc'est".j IlS exoq IDm lhc
cmQIIIC8 WDI0, BcW 8Il Cc8ScS lD Dc 8Bl8SlIC. LBj IlcI8Ij hISlDII8BS WDu0
C8SS 8K8 8B0 NcjIIBK` lDgclhcI, 8B0 Il l8KcS 8B 8Il hISlDII8B lD C8SS cc 8B0
uDIB lDgclhcI. P0mIllc0j, IB IlS gIc8lcSl WDIKS, SuCh 8S Q8IlS D DcS Fym,
lDDcIgcI S Der Ameriku-Mde,' 8B0 c0cKIB0 S Mine-Huhu, 8Bl8SlIC 8Il
Q8jS DVcI IBlD Wh8l mD0cDIlj 8ChIcVc0 IB IlS Icc0Dm IDm BDIm8 IccIcBlI8-
Ilj. P lhc S8mc, BDlhIBg IS mDIc 08m8gIBg lD lhcDIclIC8 KBDWc0gc D mD0cD
8Il lh8B IlS Ic0uClIDB lD Wh8l Il h8S IB CDmmDB WIlh D0cI QcIID0S. h8l IS SQcCIDC
lD Il SIQS lhIDugh lhc mclhD0DDgIC8! Bcl D BDlhIBg BcW uB0cI lhc SuB, Il IS
Ic0uCc0 lD lhc uB0I8cClIC8, g8QcSS CDBlIBuum D lI8BQuI 0cVcDQmcBl lh8l Il IB
8Cl cXQD0cS. hcIc IS BD 0cBjIBg Uc 8l8Ilj lh8l CuluI8 QhcBDmcB8 C8BBDl D
IBlcIQIclc0 WIlhDul SDmc lI8BS8lIDB D lhc BcW IBlD lhc D0, jcl lhIS ImQIcS 8B
ccmcBl D Dc8j8l. bcCDB0 IcHcClIDB WDu0 h8Vc lhc IcSQDBSIDIIlj D CDIIcClIBg
lhIS. B lhc Ic8lIDB D mD0cD 8IlWDIKS lD D0cI DBcS lh8l 8Ic SImI8I, Il IS lhcII 0I-
cIcBCcS lh8l ShDu0 Dc cICIlc0. mmcISIDB IB lhc hISlDIIC8 0ImcBSIDB ShDu0
IcVc8 Wh8l QIcVIDuSj Icm8IBc0 uBSDVc0, IB BD DlhcI W8j C8B 8 Ic8lIDB DclWccB
lhc QIcScBl 8B0 lhc Q8Sl Dc cSl8DIShc0. B CDmQ8IISDB, lhc 8Im D lhc CuIHBl hIS-
lDIj D I0c8S IS VIIlu8lj lD 0cmDBS8lc lh8l lhc BcW 0DcS BDl cXISl. Xcl SIBCc lhc
mI0-BIBclccBlh CcBluIj 8B0 lhc IISc D hIgh C8QIl8ISm, lhc C8lcgDIj D lhc BcW
h8S DccB CcB8 , UDugh 80mIllc0j IB CDB]uBClIDB WIlh lhc QucSlIDB WhcUcI 8Bj-
lhIBg BcW h80 cVcI cXISlc0. bIBCc lh8l mDmcBl BD 8IlWDIK h8S SuCCcc0c0 lh8l Ic-
Duc0 lhc cVcI HuClu8lIBg CDBCcQl D lhc mD0cD. DIKS lh8l lhDughl lhcj WDu0
Z . 5TUATON
S8Vc lhcmScVcS IDm lhc QIDDcm8lIC 8llIIDulc0 lD lhc mD0cD Duy 8CCccI8lc0
lhcII 0cmSc. LVcu 8 CDmQDScI 8S Immuuc lD lhc Ch8Igc D mD0cDISm 8S PulDu
DCXucI, WDu0 uDl h8Vc 8ll8Iuc0 hIS mDSl ImQDIl8ul 8ChIcVcmculS h80 hc uDl
WDIXc0 WIlh lhc mDSl 80V8uCc0 m8lcII8 D hIS QcIID0, 8gucIS h8ImDuy, WhICh
hc lhcu D CDuISc Q8I80DXIC8y lI8uSDImc0. MIS SymQhDuIcS QDSc lhc gucSlIDu
hDW lhc D0 IS 8lcI 8 SlI QDSSIDc, WhICh IS lD S8y 8S SDmclhIug ucW, lhc gucS-
lIDu lcSlIDcS lD lhc IIIcSISlIDIIly D lhc mD0cD, WhcH8S lhc 8HcI 8 IS 8Ic80y
SDmclhIug 8Sc, WhICh lhc CDuScIV8lIVcS D lhc lImc CDu0 0cII0c 8S SDmclhIug
IuCDhcIcul. h8l lhc C8lcgDIy D lhc ucW C8uuDl Dc DIuShc0 D 8S 8Il-8Icu Scu-
S8lIDu8ISm IS 8QQ8Icul Iu IlS IIIcSISlIDIIly. hcu, QIIDI lD DI0 8I , lhc CDu-
ScIV8lIVc ycl cmIuculy ScuSIlIVc LugISh muSIC CIIlIC LDcSl cWm8u hc8I0
bChDcuDcIg S IcCcS DI LIChcSU8, DQ. l, hc W8c0 lh8l Duc ShDu0 uDl uu0cI-
cSUm8lc lhIS m8u bChDcuDcIg. Ilh hIm Il W8S m DI uDlhIug. cWm8uS h8Uc0
lhuS IcgISlcIc0 lhc 0cSlIuClIVc ccmcul D lhc ucW WIlh 8 SuIcI IuSlIuCl lh8u lh8l D
lhc 8QDDgISlS D lhc ucW. Vcu lhc D0 b8Iul-b8CuS ScuSc0 SDmclhIug D lhIS
Whcu, Ic]cClIug lhc ccCl D LcDuSSyS muSIC, hc IuSISlc0 lh8l SuIcy lhcIc muSl
Dc 8lcD8lIVcS lD Il. h8lcVcI ShuuS DI cV80cS lhDSc U8uSDIm8lIDuS Iu lhc m8lcI-
I8 lh8l ImQDIl8ul IuuDV8lIDuS cul8I lhcIcDy ShDWS IlSc lD Dc ImQDVcIIShc0 8u0
IucDcClu8. cWmM muSl h8Vc uDlICc0 U8l lhc SDuu0S IDcI8lc0 Dy bChDcuDcIg S
IcCcS DI LIChcSlI8 CDu0 uD DugcI Dc 0Ic8mc0 8W8y 8u0 hcuCcDIW8I0 DDIc
CDuScgucuCcS lh8l WDu0 ulIm8lcy 0ISQ8Cc lhc U80IlIDu8 8ugu8gc D CDmgSI-
lIDu 8lDgclhcI. hIS QIDCcSS CDulIuucS !hIDughDul lhc 8IlS, 8lcI 8 Q8y Dy cCXcll
Duc ucc0 Duy Scc 8 WDIX Dy 8 mD0cI8lc cSScI CDulcmQDI8Iy lD Ic8IZc hDW muCh
lhc ucW IS 8 uDu]u0gIug ]u0gmcul. Vcu !hc uU8Ic8C!IDu8Iy u0D! DICh80l
CDuDHc0 lh8l 8u 8IlISl muSl 0ISQDSc DVcI lhc 8ChIcVc0 Sl8u08I0 D hIS QIID0. hc
ucW IS ucCcSS8IIy 8DSlI8Cl. l IS uD mDIc XuDWu lh8u lhc mDSl lcIIIDc ScCIcl D
DcS QIl. Xcl SDmclhIug 0cCISIVc, WIlh Icg8I0 lD IlS CDulcul, IS cuC8QSuc0 Iu lhc
8DSU8ClucSS D lhc ucW. DW8I0 lhc cu0 D hIS Ic NIClDI MugD lDuChc0 Du Il Iu
hIS CDmmcul lh8l ImD8u0 DcSlDWc0 a/rissonnoaveuaDu QDc!Iy. hc Shu00cI IS
8 Ic8ClIDu lD lhc CIyQlIC8y Shul, WhICh IS 8 HuClIDu D lh8l ccmcul D Iu0clcImI-
u8Cy. Pl lhc S8mc lImc, hDWcVcI, lhc Shu00cI IS 8 m1mclIC CDmQDIlmcul Ic8ClIug
mImclIC8y lD 8DSlI8ClucSS. Luy Iu lhc ucW 0DcS mImcSIS uuIlc WIlh I8lIDu8Ily
WIlhDul IcgIcSSIDu. RutioIlSc DcCDmcS mImclIC Iu lhc Shu00cI D lhc ucW 8u0 Il
0DcS SD WIlh IuCDmQ8I8Dc QDWcI Iu L0g8I P8u Dc, Uuy 8 Dc8CDu DI 8u0c8IIc
8u0 8 mD0cDIly. hc ucW IS 8 DIu0 SQDl, 8S cmQly 8S lhc QuIcy Iu0cXIC8 gcS-
luIc OX hcIc. IXc cVcIy hISlDIICDQhIDSDQhIC8 C8lcgDIy, U80IlIDu IS uDl lD Dc
uu0cISlDD0 8S I, Iu 8u clcD8 Ic8y I8Cc, lhc 8Il D Duc gcucI8lIDu, Duc S!yc, Duc
m8cSUD, WcIc Q8SSc0 Du lD lhc SuCCcc0Iug Duc. bDCIDDgIC8y 8u0 cCDuDmICmy,
SIuCc N cDcI 8u0 bDmD8Il, lhc 0ISlIuClIDu IS m80c DclWccu U80IlIDu8 8u0
uDuU80IlIDu8 QcIID0S, U80IlIDu IlSc, 8S 8 mc0Ium D hISlDIIC8 mDVcmcul, 0c-
Qcu0S cSSculI8y Du cCDuDmIC 8u0 SDCI8 SlIuCluIcS 8u0 IS gu8Il8lIVcy lI8uS-
DImc0 8Dug WIlh lhcm. hc 8llIlu0c D CDulcmQDI8Iy 8l lDW8I0 lI80IlIDu, uSu-
5TUATON c 2I
8j IcVIc0 88 8 D88 D U80IlIDu, I8 QIc0IC8Ic0 Du lhc IuucI lI8u8DIm8lIDu D Ihc
C8Ic_DIj D U80IIDu Il8c. u 8u c88culI8j uDulI80IlDu8 8DCIcIj, 8c8IhclIC U80I-
lIDu 8 QIDI I8 0uDIDu8. hc 8ulhDIIj D Ihc ucW I8 8I D Ihc h8lDIC8j Iu-
cVIl8Dc. D lhI8 cXRul Il ImQIc8 DD]cClVc CIIlCI8m D lhc Iu0IVI0u8, lhc VchCc
D Ihc ucW' u Ihc ucW Ihc KuDl I8 lIc0 8c8IhcIC8j DclWccu Iu0IVI0u8 8u0 8DCI-
clj. hc cXQcIIcuCc D lhc mD0cD 88j8 mDIc cVcu lhDu_h Il8 CDuCcQl, hDWcVcI
gu8Il8lIVc Il m8j Dc, 8DDI8 uu0cI Il8 DWu 8D8II8CIuc88. l8 CDuCcQl I8 QIV8lIVc,
8IuCc Il8 DI_u8 II I8 mDH lhc uc_8UDu D Wh8l uD Du_cI hD08 lh8u 8 QD8IlIVc 8D-
_M. R0D8 uDI, hDWcVcI, uc_8lc QIcVIDu8 8IlI8IC QI8CICc8, 88 8ljc8 h8Vc 0Duc
lhIDu_hDul Ihc 8_c8, DuI I8lhcI U80IlIDu Il8c, ID lhI8 cXIcul Il 8ImQj I8lIHc8 lhc
DDuI_cDI8 QIuCIQc Iu 8II. hc 8D8lI8Cluc88 D Ihc ucW I8 DDuu0 uQ WIlh Uc CDm-
mD0Ilj Ch8I8ClcI D Il. hI8 I8 Whj lhc mD0cD Whcu Il W88 HI8l lhcDIcIC8j
8IlICu8lc0 ~Iu 8u0c8IIc ~DDIc 8u DmuDu8 88QcCI. hc ucW I8 8KIu lD 0c8Ih.
h8l 80DQl8 8 88l8uIC DcIIu_ Iu 8u0c8IIc I8 Uc uc_8lIVc 8c-IccClDu D I0cu-
IIDC8IDu WIIh Uc Ic8 uc_8IIVIlj D Ihc 8DCI8 8Ilu8lIDu. cl8ChmcIZ 0ccCI8 lD
Ihc cucmj, Ihc WDI0. bDmclhIu_ D lhI8 Icm8u8 80mIXc0 88 cImcul Iu cVcIj-
Ihu_ mD0cD. DI 0IcCI QIDIc8l lh8l 0I0 uDl 8uIIcu0cI lD Il8 DQQDucuI WDu0 Iu Il
Dc Ic8ClIDu8Ij. hI8 I8 Whj Iu 8u0c8IIc lhc Im8_D D u8luIc I8 8UCIj I8DD. D
UI8 08j Ihc mD0cD h88 C8QIIu8lc0 WhcucVcI Il 0I88VDWc0 lhI8 I8DDD, lhI8 I8 lhc
8DICc D Ihc h8I8u_uc8 8DDul 0cC80cuCc 8u0 D lhc I8CKcl lh8l DD8lIu8lcj 8CCDm-
Q8uIc8 lhc mD0cD. NcaveuatI8 88IhcIC8j lhc Ic8ul D hI8lDIIC8 0cVcDQmcul,
Ihc U80cmIK D CDu8umcI _DD08 8QQIDQI8lc0 Dj 8Il Dj mc8u8 D WhICh 8IlWDIK8
08IIu_uI8h lhcm8cVc8 IDm lhc cVcI-88mc IuVculDIj Iu DDc0IcuCc lD lhc ucc0 DI
Ihc cXQDIl8lIDu D C8QIl8, WhICh, I Il 0D8 uDl cXQ8u0, I II 0Dc8 uDl-u Il8 DWu
8u_u8_c~DcI 8DmcIhIu_ ucW, I8 cCIQ8c0. hc ucW I8 Ihc 8c8lhclIC 8c8 D
cXQ8u0c0 IcQID0uCIIDu, WIIh II8 QIDmI8c D uu0ImIuI8hc0 QculIlu0c. 8u0c8IIc8
Qoclr W88 UC Dt8l lO COdIy lh8l, In UC mId8l D lhc uj 0cVcDj0 CDmmD0Ilj
8DCIclj, 8II C8u I_uDIc IhI8 Icu0cuCj Duj 8l lhc QIICc D Il8 DWu QDWcIc88uc88.
Luj Dj ImmcI8Iu_ Il8 8ulDuDmj Iu 8DCIclj 8 imuerieC8u 8II 8uImDuul Ihc hcl-
cIDuDmDu8 m8IKcl. P I8 mD0cD 8II IhIDu_h mmc8I8 D Ihc h8I0cuc0 8u0 8Icu-
8Ic0, Duj cIcDj, 8u0 uDI Dj Ihc Icu88 D 8 muIc Ic8Ilj, 0Dc8 8II DcCDmc cD-
gucuI, lhI8 I8 Whj Il uD Du_cI lDcI8Ic8 Ihc IuuDCuDu8. 8u0c8IIc ucIlhcI I8c0
8_8u8l uDI QDDI8jc0 IcIHC8IIDu, hc QIDlc8Ic0 8_8u8l Il Iu c cXgcIcuCc D Il8
8IChcIjQc8, 8u0 Ihc mc0Ium D Ih8 cXQcIcuCc I8 lhc QDcIIC DIm. hI8 I8I8c8 hm
8uQIcmcj 8DDVc 8lc IDm8ulIC 8culmcul8IIj. hc gDWcI D hI8 WDIK I8 lh8l Il
8juCDQ8lc8 lhc DVcIWhcmu_ DD]cClIVIlj D lhc CDmmD0Ilj Ch8I8ClcI~WhICh
WIQc8 Dul 8uj hum8u U8Cc-WIlh lhc DD]cCIIVIlj D lhc WDIK Iu Il8c, ulcODI ID
lhc IVIu_ 8uD]cCl. hc 8D8Dulc 8IIWDIK CDuVcI_c8 WIlh Ihc 8D8DuIc CDmmD0Ilj.
hc mD0cD Q8j8 UIDulc lD lh8 Iu lhc Vc8lI_c D lhc 8D8lI8Cl Iu Il8 CDuCcQl. Iu
mDuDQDj C8QIl8I8m Il I8 QIm8IIj cXCh8u_c V8uc, uDl u8c V8!uc, Ih8I I8 CDu~
8umc0,

Iu lhc mD0cD 8IlWDIK Il I8 Il8 8D8II8CIuc88, Ih8l IIII8IIu_ Iu0clcImu8lc-
uc88 D Wh8l Il I8 8u0 ID Wh8l QuIQD8c Il I8, Ih8l DcCDmc8 8 CIQhcI D Wh8I Ihc WDIK
??
_
bUAJON
IS. hIS 8DSU8ClucSS h8S uDlhIug Iu CDmmDu WIlh lhc DDD8 Chm8ClcI D D0cI
8cSlhclIC uDDHS SuCh 8S 8ulS. Lu lhc CDuUmj, Il IS 8 QIDVDC8lIDu, Il Ch8cugcS
lhc IuSIDu U8l Ic gDcS Du, M0 8l lhc S8mc lImc Il IS 8 mc8uS DI lh8l 8cSlhclIC
0ISl8uCIug lh8l U80IlIDu8 8ul8Sj uD DugcI 8ChIcVcS. tIDm lhc DulScl, 8cSlhclIC
8DSU8ClIDu, WhICh Iu 8u0c8IIc W8S 8 SlI Iu0Imcul8Ij 8u0 8cgDIIC8 Ic8ClIDu
lD 8 WDI0 lh8l h80 DcCDmc 8DSlI8Cl, W8S DIcmDSl 8 QIDhIDIlIDu Du gI8Vcu Im8gcS.
hIS QIDhIDIlIDu 8S Du Wh8l QIDVIuCI8S ulIm8lcj hDQc0 lD S8V8gc uu0cI lhc
u8mc `mcSS8gc." 8QQc8I8uCc 8S mc8uIugH, 8lcI lhc C8l8SlIDQhc D mc8uIug,
8QQc8I8uCc DcCDmcS 8DSlI8Cl. tIDm ImD8u0 lD CDulcmQDI8Ij 8V8ul-g8I0c 8Il,
lhc DDSlIu8Cj D lhIS QIDhIDIlIDu IS uuH8ggIug. l h8S Ch8ugc0 uD mDIc lh8u h8S lhc
Hu08mcul8 SUuCluIc D SDCIclj. hc mD0cD IS 8DSlI8Cl Dj VIIluc D IlS Ic8lIDu lD
Wh8l IS Q8Sl, IIIcCDuCI8Dc WIlh m8gIC, Il IS uu8Dc lD DcSQc8K Wh8l h8S jcl lD Dc,
8u0 jcl muSl SccK Il, QIDlcSlIug 8g8IuSl lhc IguDmIuj D lhc cVcI-S8mc. hIS IS
Whj 8u0c8IIc S CIjQlDgI8mS cQu8lc lhc ucW WIlh Uc uuKuDWu, WIU lhc hI00cu
lcDS, 8S Wc 8S WIlh Wh8l IS mDuSlIDuS Dj VIIluc D IlS IuCDmmcuSuI8DIIlj WIlh
lhc cVcI-S8mc 8u0 lhuS WIlh lhc ctda nunt.hc mgumculS 8g8IuSl lhc 8cS-
lhclIC capiditusreramncvuram,WhICh SD Q8uSIDj C8 8S cVI0cuCc lhc CDulcul-
cSSucSS D lhc C8lcgDIj, 8Ic 8l hc8Il Qh8IIS8IC8. hc ucW IS uDl 8 SuD]cClIVc C8lc-
gDIj, I8lhcI Il IS 8 CDmQuSIDu D lhc DD]cCl IlSc, WhICh C8uuDl Iu 8uj DUcI W8j
CDmc lD IlSc 8u0 IcSISl hclcIDuDmj. hc DICc D lhc D0 QIcSScS lDWm0 lhc ucW,
WIlhDul WhICh lhc D0 C8uuDl Dc uHc0. 3cl lhc mDmcul lhIS IS IuVDKc0, 8IlISlIC
QI8ClIC 8u0 IlS m8uIcSl8lIDuS DcCDmc SuSQcCl, lhc D0 lD8l Il C8ImS lD S8cgu8I0
uSu8j 0IS8VDWS lhc SQcCIhCIlj D lhc WDIK, 8cSlhclIC IcDcClIDu, hDWcVcI, IS uDl
:ndICICul lD lhC CulWIuCmcul D lDC Dd 8nd ucW. hc Dd h8S IcDgc Duj 8l lDc
V8ugum0 D lDc ucW. Iu lhc g8QS, uDl Iu CDulIuuIlj. bChDcuDcIgS SImQc mDllD
jDu 0D uDl SccK, jDu WI uDl Hu0 IS 8 W8lChWDI0 D lhc ucW, Wh8lcVcI 8IS lD
hDuDI Il Iu Uc CDulcXl D lhc 8IlWDIK DcCDmcS 8 0cHCIcuCj, uDl c8Sl mDug lhc
8cSlhclIC 8DIIlIcS IS lhc C8Q8CIlj, Iu lhc QHCcSS D lhc WDIK S QID0uClIDu, lD SDuu0
DI IcSI0u8 CDuSlI8IulS, lhIDugh Uc ucW, CIIlIQuc~lhc IcuS8 ~DcCDmcS 8u DD-
]cCHVc ccmcul D 8Il IlSc. LVcu lhc C8mQ DDWcIS D lhc ucW, WhDm cVcIjDuc
0IS08IuS, 8Ic mDIc DICcH lh8u lhDSc WhD DD0j IuSISl Du lhc UIc0 8u0 Uuc. hIu
8CCDI0 WIlh IlS mD0c, lhc 0USh Ch8I8ClcI D lhc CDmmD0Ilj, lhc ucW DcCDmcS 8
clISh, lhIS IS lD Dc CIIlICIZc0 Iu lhc WDIK IlSc, uDl cXlcH8j SImQj DcC8uSc Il
DcC8mc 8 clISh, uSu8j lhc QIDDcm IS 8 0ISCIcQ8uCj DclWccu ucW mc8uS 8u0 D0
cu0S. 8 QDSSIDIIlj DI IuuDV8lIDu IS cXh8uSlc0, I IuuDV8lIDu IS mcCh8uIC8j
QuISuc0 Iu 8 0IIcClIDu lh8l h8S 8Ic80j Dccu UIc0, lhc 0IIcClIDu D IuuDV8lIDu muSl
Dc Ch8ugc0 8u0 SDughl Iu 8uDlhcI 0ImcuSIDu. hc 8DSU8Clj ucW C8u Sl8gu8lc 8u0
8 D8CK IulD lhc cVcI-S8mc. tclIShIZ8lIDu cXQIcSScS lhc Q8I80DX D 8 8Il lh8l IS
uD DugcI Sc-cVI0cul lD IlSc. lhc Q8I80DX lh8l SDmclhIug m80c cXISlS DI IlS
DWu S8Kc, QIcCIScj lhIS Q8I80DX IS lDc VIl8 ucIVc D ucW 8Il. j cXIgcuCj, Uc
ucW muSl Dc SDmclhIug WIc0, 8S Wh8l IS DlhcI, hDWcVcI, Il CDu0 uDl Dc Wh8l
W8S WIc0. ccIlj DIu0S lhc ucW lD lDc cVcI-S8mc, 8u0 lhIS cSl8DIShcS lhc IuucI
SHATON ' ZJ
0OmmuHI08IIOH O IC mOdCD 8Hd myIh. C HCW W8HIS HOHIdCHIIIy, yCI IHICH-
IIOH tCdu0CS II IO IdCHIIIy, mOdCD 8tI 0OHSI8Hlly WOtKS 8I IC NuH08uSC8H UI0K
O 08ItyIHg OuI lC IdCHUB08IIOH O IC HOHIdCHII08l.
b08IS O d8m8gC md dISIuQIIOH 8tC IC mOdCD`S SC8l O 8uICHII0IIy, Dy ICIt
mC8HS, 8II dCSQt8ICly HCg8ICS IC 0lOSCd 0OHBHCS O IC CVCt-S8mC, CXQlOSIOH IS
OHC O IIS IHV8tI8HIS. PHIIU8dIIIOH8l CHCtgy DC0OmCS 8 VOt80IOuS VOtICX. O IIS
CXICHI, IC mOdCD IS myI IuDCd 8g8IHSI IISCl, lC IImClCSSHCSS O myl DC0OmCS
IC 08I8SUOQI0 IHSI8HI I8I dCSItOyS ICmQOt8 0OHlIHuIIy, CH]8mIHS 0OH0CQI O
lC dI8lC0II08l Im8gC 0OHI8IHS IhIS ClCmCHI. LVCH WCH mOdCD 8II m8IHI8IHS U8-
dIIIOH8l 80ICVCmCHIS IH IC OIm O IC0HI08l ICSOuI0CS, ICSC 8IC ItmS0CHdCd Dy
IC SO0K l8I lCIS HOlIHg IHCtIICd gO uH08llCHgCd. LIVCH I8I IC 08ICgOty O
IC HCW W8S IC tCSulI O 8 ISIOII08 QtO0CSS I8I DCg8H Dy dCSUOyIHg 8 SQC0ID0
U8dIIIOH 8Hd lCH dCSUOyCd lI8dIIIOH 8S Su0, mOdCD 8II 08HHOI DC 8H 8DCtt8IIOH
SuS0CQIIDlC IO 0OIIC0IIOH Dy tCHDIHg IO OuHd8IIOHS I8I HO lOHgCt dO Ot SOuld
CXISI, IhIS IS, Q8I8dOXI08lly, IC OuHd8IIOH O IC mOdCD 8Hd HOtm8IIVC Ot II.
LVCH IH 8CSlCII0S, IHV8t18HIS 8IC HOI IO DC dCHICd, SutgI08lly CXU80ICd 8Hd dIS-
Ql8yCd, OWCVCt, IhCy 8tC IHSIgHID08HI. NuSI0 08H SCIVC 8S 8 mOdCl. I WOuld DC
SCHSClCSS IO 0OHICSI I8I II IS 8 ICmQOt8l 8tI Ot I8I, OWCVCt lIIIlC II 0OIH0IdCS WIl
lC ICmQOt8lIIy O tC8l CXQCtICH0C, II IOO IS IIICVCtSIDlC. , OWCVCt, OHC W8HICd IO
Q8SS DCyOHd V8guC gCHCt8lIIICS, Su0 8S Ih8I muSI0 8S UC I8SK O 8III0ul8IIHg IhC
tCl8IIOH O IIS `0OHICHI [lnhlt] ,IIS IHIt8ICmQOt8l ClCmCHIS, IO lImC, OHC 8llS Im-
mCdI8ICly IHIO QCd8HIIy Ot SuDtCQIIOH. Ot IC tCl8lIOH O muSI0 IO OD8l muSI08l
IImC IS dCICtmIHCd CX0luSIVCly IH IC tCl8IIOH DCIWCCH IC 0OH0ICIC muSI08l CVCHI
8Hd IImC. LCII8IHly II W8S lOHg Cld I8I muSI0 muSI Otg8HIZC IhC IHU8ICmQOt8l
Su00CSSIOH O CVCHIS mC8HIHgDlly. L80 CVCHI SOuld CHSuC HOm IC QtCVIOuS
OHC IH 8 8SIOH l8I HO mOtC QCtmIIS tCVCtS8l I8H dOCS IImC IISCl. MOWCVCt, lC
HC0CSSIIy O IIS ICmQOt8l SCquCH0C W8S HCVCt lIICt8l, II Q8tII0IQ8ICd IH 8II`S SCm-
Dl8H0C 08t80ICt. Od8y muSI0 tCDClS 8g8IHSI 0OHVCHIIOH8l ICmQOt8l OtdCt, IH 8Hy
08SC, IC IIC8ImCHI O muSI08l IImC 8llOWS Ot WIdCly dIVCIgIHg SOluIIOHS. PS
quCSIIOH8DlC 8S II IS I8I muSI0 08H CVCt WtCSI IISCl tOm IC IHV8II8HI O IImC, II IS
]uSI 0CtI8IH Ih8I OH0C IIS IHV8II8HI IS 8H OD]C0I O tCC0IIOH II DC0OmCS 8H ClC-
mCHI O 0OmQOSIlIOH 8Hd HO lOHgCt 8H 8QIIOtI. ~C VIOlCH0C O IC HCW, Ot
WI0 IC H8mC CXQCIImCHI8l W8S 8dOQICd, IS HOI IO DC 8IUIDuICd IO SuD]C0IIVC
0OHVI0IIOHS Ot IC QSy0OlOgI08l 08I80ICt O IC 8IIISI. CH ImQulSC 08H HO
lOHgCt DHd QtCCSI8DlISCd SC0uIIIy IH OtmS Ot 0OHICHI, QtOdu0IIVC 8IIISIS 8IC
OD]C0IIVCly 0OmQCllCd IO CXQCIImCHI. IS 0OH0CQI O CXQCIImCHI 8S, OWCVCt,
II8HSOImCd IISC IH 8 8SIOH I8I IS CXCmQl8ty Ot lhC 08ICgOtICS O lC mOdCD.
LtIgIH8lly II mC8HI SImQly Ih8I IC WIll, 0OHS0IOuS O IISCl, ICSICd uHkHOWH Ot
uHS8H0IIOHCd IC0HI08l Qt0CduICS. uHd8mCHI8l IO IIS IdC8 O CXQCIImCHI8IIOH
W8S IC l8ICHIly U8dIIIOH8lISII0 DClIC I8I II WOuld 8uIOm8II08lly DC0OmC 0lC8I
WClhCt lhC tCSulIS WCtC 8 m8I0 Ot W8I 8d 8ltC8dy DCCH CSI8DlISCd 8Hd 0Ould
luS lCgIIIm8IC lCmSClVCS. IS 0OH0CQIIOH O 8IIISII0 CXQCtImCHI8IIOH DC08mC
Z4 c 5TUATON
8CCcQlc0 8S DDVIDuS 8l lhc S8mc lImc lh8l Il DcC8mc QIDDcm8lIC Iu IlS UuSl Iu CDu-
lIuuIlj. hc gcSluIc D cXQcIImcul8lIDu, lhc u8mc DI 8IlISlIC CDmQDIlmculS lh8l
8Ic DDIg8lDIIj ucW, h8S cu0uIc0 Dul uDW, Iu XccQIug WIlh lhc U8uSIlIDu D 8cS-
lhclIC IulcIcSl Dm lhc CDmmuuIC8lIug SuD]cCl lD lhc CDhcIcuCc D lhc DD]cCl, Il
mc8uS SDmclhIug Qu8Il8lIVcj 0IcIcul. lh8l lhc 8DISlIC SuD]cCl cmQDjS mclhD0S
WhDSc DD]cClIVc IcSulS C8uuDl Dc DIcSccu. Vcu lhIS luH IS uDl 8DSDulcj ucW.
hc CDuCcQl D CDuSUuClIDu, WhICh IS Hu08mcul8 lD mD0cH 8Il, 8W8jS ImQIc0
1hc QIIm8Cj D CDuSlIuClIVc mclhD0S DVcI SuD]cClIVc Im8gIu8lIDu. LDuSUuClIDu
ucCcSSIl8lcS SDulIDuS lh8l lhc Im8gIuIug c8I DI cjc 0DcS uDl Immc0I8lcj cuCDm-
Q8SS DI XuDW Iu H 0cl8I. DDl Duj IS lhc uuDIcSccu 8u ccCl, Il 8SD h8S 8u
DD]cClIVc 0ImcuSIDu, WhICh W8S U8uSDImc0 IulD 8 ucW Qu8Ilj. hc SuD]cCl, CDu-
SCIDuS D lhc DSS D QDWcI lh8l Il h8S SucIc0 8S 8 IcSul D lhc lcChuDDgj
uuc8Shc0 Dj hImSc, I8ISc0 lhIS QDWcIcSSucS lD lhc cVc D 8 QIOgI8m 8u0 0I0
SD QcIh8QS Iu IcSQDuSc lD 8u uuCDuSCIDuS ImQuSc lD l8mc lhc lhIc8lcuIug hclcIDu-
Dmj Dj IulcgI8lIug Il IulD SuD]cClIVIlj S DWu 0u0cII8XIug 8S 8u ccmcul D lhc
QIDCcSS D QID0uClIDu. h8l hcQc0 m8Xc lhIS QDSSIDc IS lhc 8Cl lh8l Im8gIu8-
lIDu, lhc CDuISc l8Xcu Dj lhc DD]cCl lhIDugh lhc SuD]cCl, 0DcS uDl, 8S blDCXh8uScu
QDIulc0 Dul, h8Vc 8 DXc0 DCuS Dul C8u 80]uSl lD 0cgIccS D 8CuIlj. h8l IS h8ZIj
Im8gIuc0 C8u Dc Im8gIuc0 Iu IlS V8gucucSS. hIS IS 8 VcItl8Dc D88uCIug 8Cl DI
lhc cXQIImcul8 CDmQDIlmcul. hclhcI lhIS 08lcS D8CX lD N88Im 8u0 W8S DI-
mu8lc0 Dj N8Ij 8S Uc SuD]cCl QIDVIug IlS 8cSUclIC QDWcI Dj Icm8IuIug Iu Sc-
CDuUD cVcu WhIc 8D8u0DuIug IlSc lD hclcIDuDmj, DI I Dj lhIS D88uCIug 8Cl lhc
SuD]cCl I8lIDcS IlS Sc-8D0IC8lIDu, IS jcl lD Dc 0cCI0c0. u 8uj C8Sc, Il IS Cc8I lh8l
m8O8t 88 cxQIImcul8 QIOCc0uIc8, Iu lhc mD8l IcCcul 8cu8c, 8Ic Iu 8QI!c D cVcIy-
lDIug uu0cII8Xcu SuD]cClIVcj, lhc DcIc IS ChImcIIC8 lh8l lDIDugh lhcm 8Il WI
0IVcSl IlSc D IlS SuD]cClIVIlj 8u0 DcCDmc lhc IuSIDucSS UIug Iu IlSc WhICh lD
08lc 8Il h8S Duj cIguc0.
hc Q8IuHucSS D cXQcIImcul8lIDu Du0S IcSQDuSc Iu lhc 8ImDSIlj lDW8I0 lhc SD-
C8c0 ISmS. QIDgI8mm8lIC, Sc-CDuSCIDuS, 8u0 Dcu CDcClIVc 8Il mDVcmculS.
hIS I8uCDI IS Sh8Ic0 Dj lhc IXcS D MIlcI, WhD DVc0 lD I8I 8g8IuSl lhcSc Im-
8u0 cXQIcSSIDuISlS, 8u0 Dj WIIlcIS WhD Dul D 8 QDIlIC8j 8V8ul-g8I0c Zc8DuS-
ucSS M W8Ij D lhc I0c8 D 8u 8cSlhclIC 8V8ul-g8t0c. IC8SSD cXQIcSSj CDuDImc0
lhIS WIU Icg8I0 lD QIc-DI0 8t 1 CuDISm. IlDIu 8u ISm lhc Qu8Ilj D Iu0IVI0-
u8 8IlISlS C8u Dc Cc8Ij 0ISlIuguIShc0, 8lhDugh IuIlI8j lhDSc WhD mDSl cXQIC-
Ilj 0I8W 8llculIDu lD lhc QcCuI8I Ch8I8ClcIISlICS D lhc SChDD lcu0 lD Dc DVcD8lc0
Iu CDmQ8IISDu WIlh lhDSc WhD, IXc ISS8IID 8mDug lhc ImQIcSSIDuISlS, C8uuDl Dc
Ic0uCc0 SD CDuCuSIVcj lD Uc QIDgI8m. LcIl8Iuj 8 8Iul CDuU80IClIDu IS IuhcIcul
Iu lhc IuguISlIC uSc D ISm IuSD8t 8S Iu cmQh8SIZIug CDuVIClIDu 8u0 IulcuUDu
Il SccmS lD cXQc lhc ccmcul D IuVDuul8IIucSS IDm 8Il, jcl lhIS CIIlICISm IS
DIm8ISlIC WIlh Icg8I0 lD mDVcmculS m8Iguc0 8S ISmS, ]uSl 8S cXQIcSSIDuISm
8u0 SuIIc8ISm SQcCIDC8j m80c IuVDuul8Ij QID0uClIDu lhcII WIu QIOgI8m.
1uIlhcI, lhc CDuCcQl D lhc 8V8l-g8I0c, IcScIVc0 DI m8j 0cC80cS DI Wh8lcVcI
5!TUATON 25
mDVcmcul 0cC8Ic0 IlSc lhc mDSl 80V8uCc0, uDW h8S SDmc D lhc CDmC Qu8Ilj
D 8gc0 jDulh. hc 0IDCulIcS Iu WhICh ISmS 8Ic cul8ugc0 cXQIcSS lhc QIDDcm-
8lICS D 8u 8D cH8uCIQ8lc0 HDm IlS Sc-cVI0cuCc. hc VcIj CDuSCIDuSucSS lD
WhICh 8 QucSlDuS D Wh8l IS gcuuIucj DIu0ug Iu M muSl Dc SuDmIllc0 h8S 8l
lhc S8mc lImc 0cmDIShc0 8 Sl8u08I0S D 8cSlhclC DIu0IugucSS. hIS IS lhc
SDuICc D lhc Sh80DW D mcIc VccIlj lh8l h8ugS DVcI lhc h8lc0 ISmS. hc 8Cl lh8l
uD ImQDIl8ul 8Il QI8CUCc h8S cVcI cXISlc0 WIlhDul CDuSCIDuS WI mcIcj CDHcS lD
Sc-CDuSCIDuSucSS Iu lhc muCh Dclc8gucIc0 ISmS. hIS CDmQcS 8IlWDIKS lD Dc-
CDmc DIg8uIZc0 Iu lhcmScVcS 8u0 IcQuIcS 8S Wc 8u cXlcH8 DIg8uIZ8lIDu DI
lhc 8IlWDIKS lD lhc cXlcul lh8l lhcj W8ul lD SuIVIVc Iu 8 HDuDQDISlC8j uj DI-
g8uIZc0 SDCIclj. h8lcVcI m8j Dc Uuc Iu lhc CDmQ8ISDu D 8Il WIlh u DIg8uISH
muSl Dc mc0I8lc0 Dj W8j D lhc SuD]cCl m0 hIS Ic8SDu. hc lIulh D lhIS CDmQ8I-
SDu h8S Dug SIuCc Dccu l8Kcu IulD lhc ScIVICc D m D8lIDu8ISlIC I0cDDgj D 8
I8lIDu8IZc0 SDIclj, lhIS IS Whj lhc ISmS lh8l 0cuj lh8l Hulh 8Ic UcI. hc ISmS Dj
uD mc8uS Sh8CKc0 lhc Iu0IVI0u8 QID0uClIVc DICcS Dul I8lhcI hcIghlcuc0 lhcm,
8u0 lhcj 0I0 SD Iu Q8Il lhIDugh mulu8 CD8DDI8lIDu.
Luc 8SQcCl D ISmS h8S Duj IcCculj DcCDHc IccV8ul. hc Uulh CDulcul D m8uj
8IlISlC mDVcHculS 0DcS uDl ucCcSS8Ij CuHu8lc Iu gIc8l 8IlWDIKS, cu]8mu
0cmDuSlI8lc0 lhIS Iu hIS Slu0j D LcIH8u D8IDQuc 0I8m8." IcSuH8Dj Uc S8mc
hD0S Uc DI LcIm8u cXQIcSSIDuISm 8u0 1IcuCh SuIIc8ISm, uDl Dj 8CCI0cul lhc
8llcI Ch8cugc0 lhc CDuCcQl D Ml IlSc, 8 0cD8uCc lh8l h8S cVcI SIuCc Icm8Iuc0
80mXc0 WIlh 8 8ulhculIC ucW 8Il. bIuCc 8Il 8 lhc S8mc Icm8Iuc0 8Il, lhc cSScuCc
D lhc QIDVDC8lIDu m8j Dc SDughl Iu Uc QIcQu0cI8uCc D 8Il DVcI lhc 8IlWDIK.
hIS QIcQDu0cI8uCc IS cmDD0Ic0 Iu lhc ISmS. h8l Iu lcImS D lhc WDIK SccHS
8c0 DI uD HDIc lh8u 8 CIl8lIDu, 8SD lcSlIDcS lD ImQuScS lh8l C8u SC8ICcj Dc DD-
]cClIV8lc0 Iu lhc Q8IlCu8I WDIK 8uj DugcI, ImQuScS D 8u 8Il lh8l U8uSCcu0S Il-
Sc, IlS I0c8 8W8IlS IcSCuc. 1l IS WDIlh uDlIug lh8l lhc uuc8SIucSS WIlh ISmS Sc0Dm
IuCu0cS lhcI hSlDIC8 cQuIV8cul, lhc SChDDS. SmS 8Ic, SD lD SQc8K, lhc ScCu8I-
IZ8lIDu D lhcSc SChDDS Iu 8u 8gc U8l 0cSUDjc0 lhcm 8S lI80IlIDu8ISlC. SmS 8Ic
SC8u08DuS DcC8uSc lhcj 0D uDl Dl IulD lhc SChcm8 D 8DSDulc Iu0IVI0u8lIDu Dul
Icm8Iu 8S 8u IS8u0 D 8 lI80IlIDu lh8l W8S Sh8llcIc0 Dj lhc QIIuCIQc D Iu0IVI0u8-
lIDu. hc 0IS08Iuc0 ShDu0 8l lhc VcIj c8Sl Dc CDmQclcj 8Duc, 8S SuIclj DI IlS
QDWcIcSSucSS, IlS hISlDIC8 IucC8Cj, 8u0 IlS c8Ij, lI8CccSS 0cmISc. c SChDDS
culcIc0 IulD DQQDSIlIDu lD lhc mD0cD Iu 8 W8j lh8l W8S cXQIcSSc0 cCCculIIC8j Iu
lhc mc8SuIcS lMcu Dj lhc 8C80cmcS 8g8IuSl Slu0culS SuSQcClc0 D SjmQ8lhj DI
mD0cH 0IcClIDuS. SmS M QlculI8j SChDDS lh8l IcQl8Cc lI80IlIDu8 8u0 IuSlI-
lulIDu8 8ulhDIlj WIlh 8u DD]cClIVc 8ulhDIIlj. bDI08Dlj WIlh lhcm IS DcllcI lh8u
lD 0IS8VDW lhcH, cVcu I lhIS WcIc Du lhc D8SIS D lhc 8ulIlhcSIS D lhc mD0cH 8u0
mD0cHISm. hc CIlIQuc D Wh8l IS aptcdute, jcl WIlhDul SlHCluI8 cgIlIm8lIDu,
IS uDl WIlhDul IlS ]uSlIDC8lDu. hc uuClDucSS, DI IuSl8uCc, lh8l mIl8lcS HuClIDu
IS IcgIcSSIVc. bl, lhc ScQ8I8lIDu D mD0cHISm 8S lhc DQIuIDuS 8u0 CDuVIClIDuS
D lhc h8ugcIS-Du D Uc 8ulhculIC8j mD0cD IS IuV8I0 DcC8uSc WIlhDul lhc SuD-
2 | 5HATON
]CClIVC DQIuIDuS Ih8l 8IC SlImu8lC0 Dj IhC uCW, BD DD]CClIVCj mD0CD 8Il WDu0
CIjSl8IZC. 1u Uulh lhC 0ISlIuClIDu IS 0Cm8gDgIC8. hDCVCI CDmQ8IuS 8DDul
mD0CDSm mC8uS lhC mD0CD, ]uSl 8S h8ugCIS-Du 8IC 8W8jS 8ll8CXC0 Iu DI0CI lD
SlDXC 8l lhC QIDl8gDuISlS WhDm DuC C8IS lD Ch8CugC 8u0 WhDSC QICSlIgC IuSQIICS
0cCIcuCC 8mDug CDuDImISlS. hC Sl8u08I0 D hDuCSlj Dj WhICh lhC mD0CDISlS
8Ic Q8IIS8IC8j mC8SuIC0 ImQICS 8CguICSCCuCC WIlh DCIBg WhD DBC IS, uD mDIC
uDI CSS, 8u0 8 ICuS8 lD Ch8ugC, 8 uu08mCul8 hubitas D lhC 8CSlhClIC IC8C
IIDu8Ij. 1lS 8SC u8luC IS 0ISSDVC0 Dj UC IcHCClIDu lh8l h8S uDW DCCDmC IhC
CSSCuCC D 8IlISlIC c0uC8lIDu. hC CIIlIguc D mD0CDISm Iu 8VDI D IhC Qul8lIVCj
Uuj mD0CD HuClIDuS 8S 8 QHlCXl DI ]u0gIug IhC mD0CI8lC~WhDSC lhIuXIug
DulS DI lhc 0DSS D 8 lIIVI8 IulCCCIu8ISm~8S DCIug DllCI lh8u lhC I80IC8,
8Clu8j Il IS lhc DUCI W8j 8Duu0. h8l 8ggC0 DChIu0 8SD 8IS lD m8SlCI lhC
D0CI mc8uS lh8l Il CmQDjS. MISlDIj IuCS CVCu lhDSC WDIXS lh8l 0IS8VDW Il.
1u Sh8IQ CDuU8Sl lD U80IHDu8 8Il, uCW 8Il 8CCCulS lhC DuCC hI00CB CCmCBl D
DCIug SDmClhIug m80C, SDmClhIug QIOuCC0. JhC QDIlIDu D Il Ih8l IS 0ostgICW
lD SuCh 8u cXlCul U8l 8 CDIlS lD ScCIcl 8W8j lhC QIDCCSS D QID0uClIDu Iu IhC
WDIX CDu0 uDl Dul 8I. hC QIcVIDuS gCucI8lIDu h80 8IC80j ImIlC0 lhC QuIC
Imm8uCuCC D MWDIXS, WhICh 8l UC S8mC lImC lhCj 0IDVC lD IlS CXlICmC. Dj
CmQDjIug lhC 8uIDI 8S CDmmCul8lDI, Dj IhC uSC D IIDuj, 8u0 Dj lhC qu8ulIlj D
0cl8I 8Huj QIDlCClC0 IDm lhC IulCIVCulIDu D 8Il. tIDm lhIS 8IDSC lhC QC8SuIC
D SuDSHIulIug DI IhC MWDXS lhC QIDCCSS D lhCII DWu QID0uClIDu. JD08j CVCIj
WDX IS VIIlu8j Wh8l JDjCC 0CCMc0 Finneuns wuklD DC DCDIC hC QuDIShC0
lhC WhDC. wcrkinpmress.ul 8 WDIX lh8l Iu IlS DWu lCImS, Iu IlS DWu lCXluIC
8u0 CDmQCXIDB, I8 Duj gD88IDC CmCIgCul 8u0 0CVCDQIBg, C8uuDl WIIhDul
jIug 8l lhC S8mC lImC 8j C8Im lD DCIug CDmQClC 8u0 DuIShC0. P IS uu8DC lD
cXUIC8lC IlSC IDm lhIS 8QDI8 Dj 8u 8Cl D WI. LCC80CS 8gD P0D DDS WIDlC
l8l DD8mCulS C8BuDl DC IuVCuIC0, lhC QDIul hC W8S m8XIug h8S 8 DID80CI I8BgC
lh8u hC SIgu8C0. 1u 8Il lhC mDIC lh8l muSl DC m80C, SDughl, IBVCBlC0, lhC mDIC
uuCCIl8Iu Il DCDmCS I Il C8u DC m80C DI IuVculC0. P Ih8l IS I80IC8j 8u0 CXQIC~
Ilj SDmClhIug m80c muSl ulIm8lCj CDuDul IlS DWu C8SIDIIlj. h8l QIDVDXCS
QIDlCSl Iu WDIXS D lhC Q8Sl IS QICCISCj Wh8l W8S M gC0 8u0 C8Cu8lC0, Wh8l
0I0 uDl~8S DuC WDu0 h8VC S8I0 Iu lhC jcMS MDuu0 l b0 ~Iu luD DCCDmC B8luIC.
IDgICSS Iu 8H 8S IhC QIDCCSS D m8XIug 8u0 0DuDlS 8DDul ]uSl U8l Iuu Iu CDuulCI-
QDIul lD c8Ch DIhCI, Iu 8Cl, SuCh QIDgIcSS h8S DCCu 8CCDmQ8uIC0 Dj 8 lCu0CuCj
lDW8I0 8DSDulC IuVDuul8IucSS, Dm lhc 8ulDm8lIC WIIlIug D Dlj jC8IS 8gD lD
lD08jS l8ChISm 8u0 8C8lDIIC muSIC, lhC DDSCIV8lIDu IS CDHCCl U8l IhC lCChuI~
C8j IulCgI8, CDmQClcj m80C 8IlWDIX CDuVCIgCS WI!h UC 8DSDulCj 8CCI0cul8
WDIX, lhc WDIX lh8l IS DSlcuSIDj uDl lhc ICSul D m8XIBg IS D CDuISC 8 IhC mDIC
8DIC8lc0.
hc Ulh D lhc ucW, 8S Ihc UIh D Wh8l IS uDl 8IC80j uSC0 uQ, IS SIlu8lC0 Iu lhC
IulculIDucSS. hIS SClS UIh Iu DQQDSIlIDu lD IcHcClIDu, WhICh IS lhC mDlDI D lhC
uCW, 8u0 8ISCS HBCCHDu lD 8 SCCDu0 D0c, lD SCCDu0 CHCClIDu. 1l IS lhC DQQDSIlC
STUAT!ON
`T
O IIS uSu8l QI!OSOQIC8! COHC0QI, 8S II IS uS0d, Ot IHSI8HC0, IH bCI!!0t S dOCIIIH0
O S0HIIm0HI8l QOUy, W0t0 t00CIIOH m08HS Dutd0HIHg 8tIWOtKS dOWH WII IHI0H-
IIOHS. b0COHd t00CIIOH !8yS Old O I0 I0CHIC8l QtOC0dut0S, I0 !8Hgu8g0 O I0
mIWOtK IH I0 DtO8d0SI S0HS0, DuI II 8ImS 8I DlIHdH0SS. `0 8DSutd, OW0V0t IH-
8d0qu8I0 8S 8 S!Og8H, I0SIIB0S IO IIS. 0CK0IIS t0uS8l IO IHI0tQt0I IS WOtKS, COm-
DIH0d WII I0 mOSI 0XIt0m0 COHSCIOuSH0SS O I0ChHIqu0S 8Hd O I0 ImQlIC8IIOHS
O Ih0 I08UIC8l 8Hd lIHguISIIC m8I0tI8l, IS HOI m0t0ly 8 SuD]0CIIV0 8V0tSIOH. PS t0-
0CIIOH IHCt08S0S IH SCOQ0 8Hd QOW0t , COHI0HI IIS0! D0COm0S 0V0t mOt0 OQ8qu0.
L0II8IH!y IIS dO0S HOI m08H I8I IHI0tQt0I8IIOH C8H D dISQ0HS0d WII 8S I I0t0
W0t0 HOIIHg IO IHI0tQt0I, IO t0m8IH COHI0HI WII I8I IS I0 COHuS0d Cl8Im I8I 8!!
I0 I8lK 8DOuI I0 8DSutd g8V0 IIS0 IO. PHy 8tIWOtK I8I SuQQOS0S II IS IH QOSS0SSIOH
O IIS COHI0HI IS Q!8IHly H81V0 IH IIS t8IIOH8lISm, IIS m8y d0BH0 I0 ISIOIIC8l!y
Ot0S008Dl0 lImII O t0CI`S WOtK. \H0XQ0CI0dly COHBImIHg M0g0!S I0SIS O I0
It8HSOtm8IIOH O m0dI8IIOH IHIO Imm0dI8Cy, S0COHd t00CIIOH t0SIOt0S H81V0I IH
Ih0 t0!8IIOH O COHI0HI IO BtSI t00CIIOH. 8I IS IOd8y C8l!0d 8 `m0SS8g0 IS HO
mOt0 IO D0 Squ00Z0d OuI O b8K0SQ08t0 S gt08I dt8m8S I8H OuI O 0CK0II S
WOtKS. uI I0 IHCt08SIHg OQ8CIIy IS IIS0! 8 uHCIIOH O It8HSOtm0d COHI0HI. PS
I0 H0g8IIOH O I0 8DSOluI0 Id08, COHI0HI C8H HO lOHg0t D0 Id0HIID0d WII t08SOH
8S II IS QOSIul8I0d Dy Id08!ISm, COHI0HI 8S D0COm0 I0 CtIIIqu0 O Ih0 OmHIQOI0HC0
O t08SOH, 8Hd II C8H I0t0Ot0 HO !OHg0t D0 t08SOH8Dl0 8CCOtdIHg IO I0 HOImS S0I
Dy dISCutSIV0 IOugI. 0 d8tKH0SS O I0 8DSutd IS I0 O!d d8tKH0SS O I0 H0W.
IS d8tKH0SS muSI D0 IHI0tQt0I0d, HOI t0Q!8C0d Dy I0 Cl8tIIy O m08HIHg.
0 C8I0gOIy O I0 H0W QtOduC0d 8 COHICI. OI uH!IK0 I0 S0V0HI00HI-C0HIuty
qaerehedesunciensetdesmcdemes,IIS IS 8 COHICI D0IW00H I0 H0W 8Hd dut8-
IIOH. PIIWOtKS W0t0 8lW8yS m08HI IO 0Hdut0, II IS t0!8I0d IO I0It COHC0QI, I8I O
OD]0CIIV8IIOH. tOug dut8IIOH 8tI QtOI0SIS 8g8IHSI d08I, I0 Q8t8dOXIC8!ly It8H-
sI0HI 0I0HIIy O 8tIWOtKs Is I0 8l!0gOty O 8H 0I0HIIy D8t0 O s0mDl8BC0. PtI Is
I0 S0mD!8HC0 O W8I IS D0yOHd d08Ih S t08C. O S8y I8I HO 8tI 0Hdut0S IS 8S 8D-
SIt8CI 8 dICIum 8S I8I O I0 It8HSI0HC0 O 8!! IIHgS 08tIhly, II WOu!d g8IH COHI0HI
OHly m0I8QySIC8!!y, IH t0!8IIOH IO I0 Id08 O t0Sutt0CIIOH. I IS HOI OH!y t08C-
IIOH8ty t8HCOt U8I QtOVOK0S OtIOt OV0t I0 8CI I8I I0 !OHgIHg Ot I0 H0W t0-
Qt0SS0S dut8IIOH. 0 0OtI IO Ct08I0 0HduIIHg m8SI0IQI0C0S 8S D00H uHd0tmIH0d.
8I 8S I0ImIH8I0d It8dIIIOH C8H 8td!y COuHI OH OH0 IH WIC II WOuld D0 gIV0H
8 Ql8C0. 0t0 IS 8ll Ih0 l0SS t08SOH IO C8!l OH II8dIIIOH, IH I8I t0UO8CIIV0ly COuHI-
l0SS WOtKS OHC0 0HdOW0d WII I0 qu8!III0S O 0Hdut8HC0qu8!III0S I0 COHC0QI
O Cl8SSICISm SItOV0 IO 0HCOmQ8SSHO lOHg0t OQ0H I0It 0y0S. 0 0HduIIHg Q0t-
ISh0d 8Hd dt0W I0 C8I0gOty O dut8IIOH IHIO IIS VOtI0X. 0 COHC0QI O I0 8tC8IC
d0BH0S HOI SO muC 8 Q8S0 O 8tI ISIOty 8S Ih0 COHdIIIOH O WOtKS I8I 8V0 gOH0
d08d. PtIWOtKS 8V0 HO QOW0t OV0t W0I0t I0y 0Hdut0, II IS l08SI O 8!l gu8t8H-
I00d W0H I0 QuI8IIV0ly IIm0-DOuHd IS 0!ImIH8I0d IH 8VOt O I0 IIm0!0SS. Ot
I8I C8H OHly I8K0 Ql8C0 8I I0 COSI O I0 WOtKS t0l8IIOH IO IhOS0 COHI0XIS IH
WIC Q0tm8H0HC0 IS 0XCluSIV0!y COHSIIIuI0d. I W8S OuI O L0tV8HI0S 0Q0m0t8!
ZB | 5TUATON
IBl0BlIDB lD Q8lD0y lh0 m00I0V8 lDm8BC0S lh8l Dcn Qaocte DlI_IB8l00. h0
CDBC0Ql D 0ul8lIDB h8S 8B ImQICIly L_yQlI8B, 8lCh8IC gu8Ily D mylhIC8 h0Q-
0SSB0SS, lh0 lhDu_hl D 0ul8lIDB S00mS lD h8V0 D00B l0mDl0 0ulIB_ QlD0uClIV0
Q0lID0S. lDD8Dy Il D0CDm0S 8B 8Cul0 CDBC0H DBy Wh0B 0ul8lIDB D0CDm0S QlDD-
0m8lIC 8B0 MlWDlKS, S0BSIB_ lh0Il 8l0Bl QDW0l0SSB0SS, CIB_ lD Il. LDBuSIDB DC-
CulS D0lW00B Wh8l 8 00l0Sl8D0 B8lIDB8ISl 0XhDll8lIDB DBC0 C800 lh0 Q0lm8B0Bl
V8u0 D 8flWDlKS 0V0lylhIB_ 0080, Dlm8, 8B0 B0uU8IZ00 IB lh0m 8B0 lh0
hI000B S000 D lB0Il SulVIV8. LV0l SIBC0 lh0 Ql8IS0 MDl8C0 D0SlDW00 DB hImS0
Dl 8 mDBum0Bl mDl0 0ul8D0 lh8B DlDBZ0, lh0 C8l0_Dly D lh0 8SlIB_ l0SDB8l0S
WIlh 8B 8QDD_0lIC gu8Ily lh8l IS Dl0I_B lD 8llWDlKS BDl 0l0Cl00 Dy _l8C0 D 8B
Pu_uSl8B 0X0lCIS0 D m0lCy Dl lh0 S8K0 D 8B I008 D 8ulh0BlICIly lh8l D08fS mDl0
lh8B lh0 lI8C0 D lh0 8uUDIIl8II8B. 08uly IlS0 muSl 0I0 . ^ hIS IS mDl0 Uu0
lh8B bChI0l Im8_IBc. 1l hD0S BDl DBy Dl lhDS0 WhD M0 D08ulIu, BDl SImQy
Dl WDlKS lh8l 8l0 00SllDy00 Dl DI_Dll0B Dl lh8l h8V0 SuBK D8CK IBlD lh0 hI0lD-
_yQhIC, Dul Dl 0V0lylhIB_ CDmQDS00 D D08uly 8B0 D Wh8l 8CCDl0IB_ lD IlS lI80I-
lIDB8 I008 W8S m08Bl lD D0 uBCh8B_08D0, lB0 CDBSlIlu0BlS D DIm. 1B lhIS I0_8l0,
U0 C8l0_Dly D ll8_00y ShDu0 D0 CDBSI00l00. 1l S00mS lD D0 U0 80Slh0lIC ImQIIBl
D 0VI 8B0 008lh 8B0 8S 0B0ulIB_ 8S U0y 8l0. 0V0Uh00SS Il IS BD DB_0l QDSSID0.
P lh8l Dy WhICh 80Slh0lIC Q008BlS DBC0 Z08DuSy 0ISlIB_uISh00 lh0 U8_IC lDm
lh0 mDuHlh0 8lm8lIDB D 008U, lh0 I008 lh8l lh0 IBHBIl0 _Imm0lS lhlDu_h
lh0 00mIS0 D lh0 HBIl0, lh0 m08BIB_ D Su0lIB_8 lhIS BDW l0luHS lD Q8SS
]u0_m0Bl DB U8_00y. hDy B0_8lIV0 8llWDlKS BDW Q8lD0y lh0 ll8_IC. 8lh0l
lh8B D0IB_ U8_IC, 8 8ll IS mDuHH, 0SQ0CI8y lBDS0 WDlKS lh8l 8QQ08l Ch00lu
8B0 h8lmDBIDuS. B8l IV0S DB IB lh0 CDBC0Ql D 80Slh0lIC 0ul8lIDB, 8S IB muCh
0S0, IS primuphilcscphiu,WhICh l8K0S Hu_0 IB 1SD8l00 8B0 8DSDulIZ00 00lIV8-
lIV0S 8H0l h8VIB_ D00B CDmQ00 lD 8D0IC8l0 8S lDl8Ily. LDVIDuSy lh0 0ul8lIDB
lD WhICh 8llWDlKS 8SQIl0 IS mD0000 DB DX00, IBh0IIl8D0 QDSS0SSIDB, lh0 SQIlIlu8
ShDu0, IK0 m8l0lI8, D0CDm0 QlDQ0lly, 8B DuU8_0 IB0uCl8Dy CDmmIU00 Dy
SQIlIl 8_8IBSl IlS0. PS SDDB 8S 8llWDlKS m8K0 8 0lISh D lh0Il hDQ0 D 0ul8lIDB,
lh0y D_IB lD Su0l Dm lh0If SICKB0SS uBlD 008lh. h0 V0B00l D IB8I0B8DIIly
lh8l lh0y 0l8W DV0l lh0mS0V0S 8l lh0 S8m0 lIm0 SuDC8l0S lh0m. W8By 8llWDlKS
D lh0 hI_h0Sl C8ID0l 00ClIV0y S00K lD DS0 lh0mS0V0S IB lIm0 SD 8S BDl lD D0-
CDm0 IlS Ql0y, 0Bl0lIB_ lhuS IBlD IBSDuD0 8BlImDBy WIlh lh0 B0C0SSIly Dl DD]0ClI-
V8lIDB. LHSl bChD0B DBC0 Ql8IS00 lB0 uBSulQ8SS8D0 BDD0SS0 D Dl0WDlKS 8S lh0
DBy 8ll lh8l 8SQIf0S BDl lD 0ul8lIDB Dul DBy lD _DW Dl 8B IBSl8Bl 8B0 800 8W8y.
1l IS ulIm8l0y IB l0lmS D lhIS I008 lh8l lh0 l0mQDl8 8llS D 0l8m8 8B0 muSIC 8l0
lD D0 IBl0lQl0l00, lh0 CDuBl0IQ8ll D 8 l0IHC8lIDB WIlhDul WhICh lh0y WDu0 BDl
0XISl 8B0 y0l lh8l 00_I800S lh0m. 1B lh0 8C0 D lh0 m08BS D m0ChmIC8 l0QlD0uC-
lIDB, lh0S0 CDBSI00l8lIDBS 8QQ08l DDSD0l0, y0l lh0 0ISCDBl0Bl WIlh lh0S0 m08BS
m8y B0V0llh00SS 8SD D0 8 0ISCDBl0Bl WIlh lh0 0m0l_IB_ DmBIQDl0BC0 D lh0 Q0l-
m8B0BC0 D Ml lh8l luBS QM80 WIlh lh0 CD8QS0 D 0ul8lIDB. h8fl W0l0 lD l00
IlS0 lDm lh0 DBC0 Q0lC0IV00 IuSIDB D 0ul8lIDB, W0l0 lD IBl0H8IZ0 IlS DWB
5TUATON L Z
lI8uSICuCC Iu SjHQ8lDj WIlD lDC CQDCmCI8 IC, Il WDu0 8Q@DXIm8lC 8u I0C8 D
HID CDuCCIVC0 uDl 8S SDmCIDIug 8DSH8Clj Cu0uIug Dul m CDuSCIDuSuCSS D IlS
lCmQDI8 CSSCuCC. 1 8 MI IS lDC SCCu8IIZ8lIDu D H8uSCCu0CuCC, Il Q8IlICIQ8lCS Iu
lDC 0I8CClIC D CuIgDlCumCul. P D8S CDuIDulC0 lDIS 0I8CClIC WIlD lDC 8CSlDClIC
CDuCCQlIDu D MH8II, Iu0CC0, WIlDDul lDIS CCmCul 8Il IS uD DugCI lDIuX8DC. DIS
ImQICS uDlDIug CSS lD8u U8l 8II muSl gD DjDu0 IlS DWu CDuCCQl m DI0CI lD IC-
m8Iu 8IlD lD ID8l CDuCCQl. DC I0C8 D IlS 8DDHDu 0OS Il DDm8gC Dj DDuDIIug
IlS C8Im lD HlD. PCVCIlDCCSS, lDC SuIVIV8 D uu0CI0uC0 M IS uDl Duj 8u CX-
QICSSIDu D caltamllu, lD8l CVCI SuggISD ICVDulIDu D lDC SuQISHuClIC. DC
SDuICC D 8D S QDWCI D ICSISl8uCC IS U8l 8 IC8IZC0 m8lCI8ISm WDu0 8l lDC S8mC
ImC D lDC 8DDIlIDu D m8lCII8ISm, IDC 8DDIlIDu D lDC 0Dmu8HDu D m8lCII8
IuRICSlS. u IU QWCICSSuCSS, 8Il 8ulICIQ8lCS 8 SQIIIl ID8l WDu0 Duj lDCu SRQ
DIlD. D US CDIICSQDu0S 8u DD]CClIVC uCC0, lDC uCC0IuCSS D lDC WDH0, WDICD IS
CDuU lD lDC SuD]CClIVC 8u0 uDW uD mDH ID8u I0CDDgIC8 Iu0IVI0u8 uCC0 DI
8II. P C8u Hu0 IlS CDuIuu8lDu uDWDCIC CSC ID8u Iu lDIS DD]CClIVC uCC0.
1u 8Il WD8l DuCC lDDX C8IC D IlSC DCC8mC 8 SQCIHC uu0CDg, 8u0 8S 8 ICSul
IulCgDlDu IuCIC8SIugj DIu0S lDC CCuHIug8 CDuulCIDICCS. LIXC 8 WDIIQD, Iu-
lCgI8IDu 8DSDIDS IDC m8uID0 ID8l DuCC 0CHuC0 8D. D8l IS C IS 8u 8DSH8Cl
uuIlj SDDD D UC 8ulIlDClIC8 CCmCul Dj VIIluC D WDCD 8II DCCDmCS 8 uulj Iu
lDC HISl Q8CC. DC mDIC SuCCCSSu lDC IuICgI8IIDu, lDC mDIC Il DCDmCS 8u CmQQ
SQIuuIug D gC8IS, lCCDDgIC8j Il lCu0S lDW8I0 Iu8ulIC luXCIIug. DC QDWCI D
lDC 8CSUClC SuD]CCI lD IulCgI8lC WD8lCVCI Il l8XCS DD0 D IS 8l UC S8mC lImC IlS
WC8XuCSS. 1l C8QIlu8lCS lD 8 uuIlj lD8l IS 8ICu8lC0 Dj VIDC D IlS 8DSH8CluCSS 8u0
ICSIguC0j C8SlS IlS Dl WIlD DIu0 uCCCSSIIj. 1 lDC WDDC D mD0CD 8Il C8u DC
uu0CISlDD0 8S lDC QIQClu8 IulCIVCulIDu D lDC SuD]CCl, DuC lD8l IS 8l uD QDIul 0IS-
QDSC0 lD 8DW lDC uuICDCClC0 gDVCD8uCC D UC H80IHDu8 Q8j D DICCS WIUIu
lDC 8IIWDIX, lDC QCIm8uCul IulCIVCulDuS D IDC CgD 8IC m8lCDC0 Dj 8 lCu0CuCj
D lDC CgD lD 8D0IC8lC Dul D WCCSS. DC lD lDC 8gC-D0 mCCD8uIC8 QIIuCIQC D
IDC DDuIgCDIS SQIIIl, UIS 8D0IC8lIDu I8XCS UC DIm D lDC ICIHC8lIDu D SuD]CClIVC
8CDICVCmCulS, CCClIVCj DC8lIug lDCm CXlCIIDI lD lDC SuD]CCl 8u0 mISl8XIug IDC
8D0IC8lIDu D lDC SuD]CCl DI 8 gu8I8ulCC D IIDuC80 DD]CClIVIlj. CCDuIQuC, UC
CXlCu0C0 Mm D lDC SuD]CCl, 8SD 8W8jS C80S 8W8j HDm lD8l SuD]CCl. DC SD80DW
D Ml S 8ul8ICDIC I80ICmISm IS IIS DMmCSSuCSS. PDSDulC CDDI CDmQDSIHDuS
VCIgC Du W8Q8QCI Q8llCHS. PDW lD8l PmCIC8u DDlCS 8IC 0CCDI8lC0 WIlD 8D-
SlI8Cl Q8IulIugS lumnirede . . 8u0 8CSlDClIC I80IC8ISm D8S SDDWu IlSC lD DC
SDCI8j 8DI08DC, I80IC8ISm IlSC muSl Q8j UC QIICC lD8l Il IS uD DugCI I80IC8.
PmDug lDC 08ugCIS 8CC0 Dj uCW 8Il, lDC WDISl IS lDC 8DSCuCC D 08ugCI. DC mDIC
8II CXQCS IDC QICCSl8DISDC0, lDC mDIC Il IS lDIDWu D8CX Du WD8l QuIQDDS lD gCl
Dj, 8S Il WCIC, WIlDDul DDIIDWIug IDm WD8l D8S DCCDmC 0ISl8ul 8u0 DICIgu P
IS lDIDWu D8CX Du lDC 0ImCuSIDuCSS QIul D QuH SuD]CClIVIlj, SHIClj Du IlS Q8I-
lICu8I 8u0 IDuS 8DSH8Cl SuD]CClIVIlj. IS lCu0CuCj W8S Q8SSIDu8lCj 8ulICIQ8lC0
Dj lDC I80IC8 WIug D CXQICSSIDuISm uQ lD 8u0 IuCu0Iug 0808. DC 8DSCuCC D
30 5TUATON
SDCI8 IcSDu8uCc, hDWcVcI, W8S uDl 8Duc lD D8mc DI lhc CD8QSc D cXQIcSSIDu-
ISm. l W8S uDl QDSSIDc lD QcIScVcIc WIlhIu lhc DDuuCS D 8 CImcuSIDucSS QDIul,
lhc CDulI8ClIDu D lhc 8CCcSSIDc, lhc lDl8Ilj D Uc IcHS8 , lcImIu8lcS Iu CDmQclc
ImQDVcIIShmcul. lhc SCIc8m DI lhc CcSlIlulc, QDWcIcSS gcSluIc, IlcI8j lhc Sj8-
DcS `C8-C8. hIS DcC8mc 8u 8muScmcul DI 8 CDuCcDcC, lhc C8C8ISlS 8S Wc
8S lhc CDuDImISlS lhcj Ch8cugcC, DcC8uSc Il CDucSScC lhc ImQDSSIDIIlj D 8IlIS-
lIC DD]cClIV8lIDu lh8l IS QDSlu8lcC Dj c8Ch 8uC cVcIj 8IlISlIC m8uIcSl8lIDu,
WhclhcI IulculIDu8j DI uDl, Wh8l 8lcI 8 IS cl lD CD Dul SCIc8m. hc C8C8ISlS
CDuSISlculj 0IcC lD 8DIDg8lc lhIS QDSlu8lc, lhc QIDgI8m D lhcII SuIIc8ISl SuCCcS-
SDIS H]cClcC Ml, jcl WIlhDul DcIug 8Dc lD Sh8Kc IlSc Icc D Il. hcII lIulh W8S
lh8l Il WDuC Dc DcllcI uDl lD h8Vc 8Il lh8u lD h8Vc 8 8Sc Duc. ul lhcj c lD lhc
mcICj D lhc ScmD8uCc D 8u 8DSDulc SuD]cClIVIlj cXISlIug QuIcj DI-IlSc 8uC
DD]cClIVcj mcCI8lcC, jcl WIlhDul lhc 8DIIlj lD gD DcjDuC lhc QDSIlIDu D DcIug-
DI-IlSc. buIIc8ISm cXQIcSScS lhc DIcIguucSS D lhc 8Icu8lcC Duj Dj SccKIug
IcCDuISc Iu IlSc. NImcSIS lIcS 8Il lD IuCIVICu8 hum8u cXQcIIcuCc, WhICh IS uDW
cXCuSIVcj lh8l D DcIug-DI-IlSc. h8l lhcIc IS uD QcIScVcIIug 8l lhIS SuD]cClIVc
QDIul IS Dj uD mc8uS Duj DcC8uSc lhc 8HWDIK DIcIlS lh8l DlhcDcSS Iu WhICh lhc
8cSlhclIC SuD]cCl IS cXCuSIVcj 8Dc lD DD]cClIV8lc IlSc. Lc8Ij lhc CDuCcQl D
CuI8lIDu8S IucuCl8Dc 8S Il IS QIDDcm8lIC~C8uuDl Dc uuIDcC WIlh lhc ICc8 lh8l
lhc 8uD]cClIVc QDIul IS 8SD 8 lcmQDI8 Duc. Dl Duj CIC lhc cXQIcSSIDuISlS m8Kc
CDuCcSSIDuS 8S lhcj DcC8mc DCcI MC h8C lD cM 8 IVIug, uDl Duj CIC C8C8ISlS
CDuVcIl lD L8lhDICISm DI cuID Iu lhc LDmmuuISl 8Ilj. PIlISlS WIlh Uc IulcgIIlj
D IC8SSD 8uC bChDcuDcIg Wcul DcjDuC lhc SuD]cClIVc QDIul. hcII CIDCulIcS Iu
lhIS CDuC Dc ScuScC 8uC c8IcC IIghl IDm lhcII DISl cDIlS lD 8ChIcVc 8 SD-C8cd
ucW DICcI. bIuCc lhcu lhcSc CICulIcS CcVcDQcC IulD Uc CICulIcS D 8Il 8S
SuCh. D C8lc, 8 IcQuISIlc QIDgIcSS DcjDuC lhc SuD]cClIVc QDIul h8S Dccu DDughl
8l lhc QIICc D IcgIcSSIDu lDIDugh 8SSImI8lIDu lD lhc Q8Sl 8uC Dj lhc 8IDIlI8IIucSS
D 8 Sc-QDSIlcC DICcI. u IcCcul jc8IS Il h8S Dccu 8ShIDu8Dc lD 8CCuSc b8muc
cCKcll D SImQj IcQc8lIug hIS D8SIC ICc8, hc cXQDScC hImSc lD lhIS 8CCuS8lIDu
Iu 8 QIDVDC8lIVc 8ShIDu. u lhIS hIS CDuSCIDuSucSS W8S CDIIcCl lh8l lhc uccC DI
QIDgIcSS IS IucXlIIC8Dc IDm IlS ImQDSSIDIIlj. hc gcSluIc D W8KIug Iu Q8Cc 8l
Uc cuC D Ccdct,WhICh IS lhc uuC8mcul8 mDlI D lhc WhDc D hIS WDIK, Ic8ClS
QIcCIScj lD lhIS SIlu8lIDu. IlhDul cXCcQlIDu hIS IcSQDuSc IS VIDcul. MIS WDIK IS
lhc cXlI8QD8lIDu D 8 ucg8lIVc x tp.hc uDcC mDmcul IcVcIScS IulD QcI-
Qclu8 IcQclIlIDu lh8l CDuVcIgcS WIlh CcSD8lIDu. MIS u8II8lIVcS, WhICh hc S8ICDu-
IC8j C8S uDVcS, uD mDIc DcI DD]cClIVc CcSCIIQlIDuS D SDCI8 Ic8Ilj lh8u8S
lhc WICcSQIc8C mISuuCcISl8uCIug SuQQDScS ~lhcj QIcScul lhc IcCuClIDu D Ic lD
D8SIC hum8u Ic8lIDuShIQS, lh8l m1uImum D cXISlcuCc lh8l SuDSISlS in extremis.
hcSc uDVcS CD, hDWcVcI, lDuCh Du uuC8mcul8 8jcIS D cXQcIIcuCc hicetnanc,
WhICh 8Ic DIDughl lDgclhcI IulD 8 Q8I8CDXIC8 Cju8mIC 8l 8 Sl8uCSlI. hc u8II8-
lIVcS 8Ic m8IKcC 8S muCh Dj 8u DD]cClIVcj mDlIV8lcC DSS D lhc DD]cCl 8S Dj IlS
CDIIc8lIVc, lhc ImQDVcIIShmcul D lhc SuD]cCl. cCKcll CI8WS lhc cSSDu HDm
5!TUAT!ON 3
!
mDul8_c 8u0 0DCumcul8lIDu, Dm 8 lhc 8llcmQlS lD cc DucSc IDm lhc Iu-
SIDu D 8 SuD]cClIVIlj lh8l DcSlDWS mc8uIu_. LVcu WhcIc Ic8Ilj HR0S cRj IRlD
lhc u8D8lIVc, QIcCIScj 8l lhDSc QDIulS 8l WhICh Ic8Ilj lhIc8lcuS lD SuQQIcSS Wh8l
lhc IlcI8Ij SuD]cCl DRCc QcIDImc0, Il IS cVI0cul lh8l lhcIc IS SDmclhIR_ uRC8uuj
8DDul lhIS Ic8Ilj. lS 0ISQIDQDIlIDu lD lhc QDWcIcSS SuD]cCl, WhICh m8KcS Il
IuCDmmcuSuI8Dc WIlh cXQcIIcRCc, Icu0cIS Ic8Ilj uuH8 WIlh 8 Vcu_c8uCc. h
SuIQuS D Ic8Ilj 8mDuRlS lD IlS CD8QSc, Dj SlIIKIu_ lhc SuD]cCl 0c80, Ic8Ilj IlSc
DcCDmcS 0c8lhj, lhIS lI8uSIlIDu IS lhc 8IluRcSS D 8 8DlI8Il, 8R0 Iu cCKcll Il IS
QuShc0 lD lhc QDIul D lhc m8uIcSl 8RRIhI8lIDu D I8Ilj. hc mDIc lDl8 SDIclj
DCDmcS, lhc mDIc CDmQclcj Il CDRlI8ClS lD 8 uu8RImDuS SjSlcm, 8u0 8 lhc
mDIc 0D lhc 8IlWDIKS Iu WhICh lhIS cXQcIIcuCc IS Sc0Imculc0 DCDmc lhc DlhcI D
lhIS SDCIclj. Duc 8QQIcS lhc CDuCcQl D 8DSlI8ClIDR IR lhc V8_ucSl QDSSIDc ScRSc,
Il SI_u8S lhc IclIc8l Dm 8 WDI0 D WhICh RDlhIu_ Icm8IuS cXCcQl IlS cupatmr-
taam.cW 8Il IS 8S 8DS8Cl 8S SDI8 Ic8lIDuS h8Vc Iu Uulh DcCDmc. 1R IKc m8u-
RcI, lhc CDuCcQlS D lhc Ic8ISlIC 8u0 lhc SjmDDIC 8Ic Qul Dul D ScIVICc. cC8uSc
lhc SQc D cXlcD8 Ic8Ilj DVcI IlS SuD]cClS 8u0 lhcII Ic8ClIDuS h8S DcCDmc 8D-
SD!ulc, lhc 8lWDIK C8u Duj DQQDSc lhIS SQc Dj 8SSIm8lIu_ IlSc lD Il. Pl _IDuu0
ZcID, hDWcVcI, WhcIc cCKcllS Q8jS uuD0 IKc DICcS Iu IuDRIlcSIm8 QhjSICS, 8
ScCDu0 WDI0 D Im8_cS SQIIu_S DIlh, DDlh S80 8u0 IICh, Uc CDuCcRlI8l D hISlDII-
C8 cXQcIIcuCcS lh8l DlhcIWISc, Iu lhcII Immc0I8Cj, 8I lD 8IlICu8lc lhc cSScRlI8.
lhc cVISCcI8lIDu D SuD]cCl 8u0 Ic8Ilj. hIS Sh8DDj, 08m8_c0 WDI0 D Im8_cS IS
lhc uc_8lIVc ImQIIul D lhc 80mIuISlcIc0 WDI0. D UIS cXlcul cCKcll IS IcMISlIC.
LVcu Iu Wh8l Q8SScS vuaementuu0cI lhc u8mc D 8DS8Cl 8Il, SDmcUIR_ SuI-
VIVcS D lhc lI80IlIDu Il c8Cc0, QIcSum8Dj Il CDIIcSQDu0S lD Wh8l DRc 8D80j
QcICcIVcS Iu U80IlIDu8 Q8IulIR_ IuSD8I 8S Duc ScS Im8_cS 8u0 uDl CDQIcS D
SDmclhIu_. P C8IIcS Dul lhc cCIQSc D CDRCIclIDu, 8u cCIQSc lD WhICh cXQHS-
SIDu IS IcuSc0 Dj 8 Ic8Ilj Iu WhICh lhc CDuCIclc CDulIRucS lD cXISl Duj 8S 8 m8SK
D lhc 8DSU8Cl 8R0 lhc 0clcImIu8lc Q8IlICu8I IS uDlhIu_ mDIc lh8u 8u cXcmQ8I D
lhc uuIVcIS8 lh8l ScIVcS 8S IlS C8mDu8_c 8u0 IS 1uu0mcul8j I0cRlIC8 WIlh lhc
uDIQuIlj D mDuDQDj. hIS CIIlIQuc D QScu0DCDuCDlcucSS 0IIcClS IlS D8IDS IcD-
SQcClIVcj 8l lhc WhDc D 8Il 8S Il h8S CDmc 0DWu lD lhc QIcScul. hc l8u_culS D
lhc cmQIIIC8 WDI0 ucc0 Duj Dc SI_hlj cXlcu0c0 lD Scc lh8l lhcj CDuVcI_c Iu lhc
IuSI_hl lh8l lhc CDuCIclc ScIVcS DI uDlhIR_ DcllcI lh8R lh8l SDmcUIu_, Dj DcIu_ Iu
SDmc W8j 0ISlIuCl, Cm Dc I0culIDc0, QDSScSSc0, 8u0 SD0. hc m8IIDW D cXQcII-
cuCc h8S Dccu SuCKc0 Dul, lhcIc IS uDRc, uDl cVcu lh8l 8QQ8Iculj Scl 8l 8 IcmDVc
Dm CDmmcICc, lh8l h8S uDl DccR _u8Wc0 8W8j. Pl lhc hc8Il D lhc cCDuDmj IS 8
QIDCcSS D CDuCculI8lIDu 8u0 CcuU8IZ8lIDu lh8l h8S lhc QDWcI lD 8DSDID Wh8l IS
SC8llcIc0. 1l c8VcS 8CcS D Iu0cQcR0cul cXISlcuCcS DRj DI QIDcSSIDu8 Sl8lISlICS
8u0 QcImc8lcS Uc mDSl SuDlc SQIIIlu8 IuucIV8lIDuS Dlcu WIlhDul IlS DcIu_ QDSSI-
Dc lD QcICcIVc lhc mc0I8lIDuS. hc mcu08CIDuS QcISDu8IZ8lIDu D QDIlICS 8u0
lhc D8lhcI 8DDul `m8u Iu lhc 8_c D Iuhum8uIlj 8Ic 8QQIDQII8lc lD lhc DD]cClIVc
QScu0DIu0IVI0u8IZ8lIDu, Dul lhIS DcCDmcS 8u uuDc8I8Dc DuI0cR DI 8Il DcC8uSc
JZ | 5AJON
lhcIc IS uD 8Il WIlhDul Iu0IVI0u8lIDu. u DlhcI WDI0S, lhc CDulcmQDI8Ij SIlu8lIDu D
8Il IS hDSlIc lD Wh8l lhc ]8IgDu D 8ulhculICIlj C8S lhc mcSS8gc. hc QucSlIDu
SD IuSISlculj QDSc0 Dj L8Sl LcIm8u 0I8m8luIgj, h8l 0DcS hc mc8u ]uSl
D8Icj SuDCcS lD IIghlcu hcClDIc0 8ulhDIS Dul WDu0 Dc 8DSuI0 I 8QQIc0 lD 8uj
Duc D IcChlS Q8jS, WhDSc QIDgI8m 8Clu8j W8S lD Scl lhDughl QIDCcSScS Iu
mDlIDu, uDl lD CDmmuuIC8lc m8XImS, DlhcIWISc lhc I0c8 D 0I8cClIC8 lhc8lcI
WDu0 h8Vc Dccu mc8uIugcSS IDm lhc Sl8Il. IcChlS cDIlS lD 0cSlIDj SuD]cClIVc
Du8uCcS 8u0 h8lDucS WIlh 8 Duul DD]cClIVIlj, 8u0 lD 0D lhIS CDuCcQlu8j 8S Wc,
8Ic 8IlISlIC mc8uS, Iu lhc DcSl D hIS WDIX Ucj DcCDmc 8 QIIuCIQc D SljIZ8lIDu,
uDl a/ubaludccet.l IS h8I0 lD 0clcImIuc ]uSl Wh8l lhc 8ulhDI D CulilecDI 1he
Cccdwcmun c/SetzaunhImSc mc8ul, cl 8Duc DID8Ch lhc QucSlIDu D lhc DD-
]cClIVIlj D lhcSc WDIXS, WhICh 0DcS uDl CDIuCI0c WIlh lhc SuD]cClIVc IulculIDu.
hc 8cIgj lD uu8uCc0 cXQIcSSIDu, IcChlS QIccIcuCc DI 8 IuguISlIC Qu8Ilj lh8l
m8j h8Vc Dccu lhc IcSul D hIS mISuu0cISl8u0Iug D QDSIlIVISl QIDlDCD SculcuCcS,
IS IlSc 8 DIm D cXQIcSSIDu lh8l IS cDQucul Duj 8S 0clcImIu8lc ucg8lIDu D lh8l
cXQIcSSIDu. JuSl 8S 8Il C8uuDl Dc, 8u0 ucVcI W8S, 8 8ugu8gc D QuIc ccIug, uDI 8
8gu8gc D lhc 8DIm8lIDu D Uc SDu, ucIlhcI IS Il DI 8Il lD QuISuc lhc IcSulS D
DI0Iu8Ij XuDWc0gc, 8S DI IuSl8uCc Iu lhc DIm D SDCI8 0DCumcul8IIcS lh8l 8Ic
lD HuClIDu 8S 0DWu Q8jmculS Du cmQIIIC8 IcSc8ICh jcl lD Dc 0Duc. hc SQ8Cc
DclWccu 0ISCuISIVc D8ID8IISm 8u0 QDclIC cuQhcmISm lh8l Icm8IuS lD 8IlWDIXS IS
SC8ICcj 8IgcI lh8u lhc QDIul D Iu0IcIcuCc IulD WhICh cCXcll DuIIDWc0.
hc Ic8lIDu lD lhc ucW IS mD0cc0 Du 8 ChI0 8l lhc QI8uD Sc8IChIug DI 8 ChDI0
ucVcI QIcVIDuSj hc8I0. hIS ChDI0, hDWcVcI, W8S 8W8jS lhcIc, lhc QDSSIDc CDm-
DIu8lIDuS 8tc ImIlc0 8u0 8Clu8j cVctjlhIug lh8l C8u D Q8jc0 Du Il IS ImQICIlj
gIVcu Iu lhc XcjDD8I0. hc ucW IS lhc DugIug DI lhc ucW, uDl lhc ucW IlSc. h8l
IS Wh8l cVcIjlhIug ucW SucIS IDm. h8l l8XcS IlSc lD D ulDQI8 Icm8IuS lhc
ucg8lIDu D Wh8l cXISlS 8u0 IS DDc0Icul lD Il. Pl lhc CculcI D CDulcmQDI8Ij 8ulIu-
DmIcS IS lh8l 8Il muSl Dc 8u0 W8ulS lD D ulDQI8, 8u0 lhc mDIc ulDQI8 IS DDCXc0 Dj
lhc Ic8 uuClIDu8 DI0cI, lhc mDIc lhIS IS lIuc, jcl 8l lhc S8mc lImc 8l m8j uDl D
ulDQI8 Iu DI0cI uDl lD DcU8j Il Dj QIDVI0Iug ScmD8uCc 8u0 CDuSD8lIDu. lhc
ulDQI8 D 8Il WcIc uDc0, Il WDu0 Dc 8IlS lcmQDI8 cu0. Mcgc W8S lhc DISl lD
Ic8IZc lh8l lhc cu0 D 8Il IS ImQICIl Iu IlS CDuCcQl. h8l hIS QIDQhcCj W8S uDl
!uDc0 IS D8Sc0, Q8I80DXIC8j, Du hIS hISlDIIC8 DQlImISm. Mc DclI8jc0 ulDQI8 Dj
CDuSUuIug lhc cXISlIug 8S I Il WcIc lhc ulDQI8 D Uc 8DSDulc I0c8. Mcgc S UcDIj
lh8l lhc WDI0 SQIIIl h8S SuD8lc0 8l 8S 8 DIm IS CDulI80IClc0 Dj 8uDlhcI lhcDtj D
8Il lD D Duu0 Iu hIS WDIX, WhICh SuDDI0Iu8lcS 8Il lD 8u 8ul8gDuISlIC cXISlcuCc
lh8l QIcV8IS 8g8IuSl 8 8DIm8lIVc QhIDSDQhj. hIS IS CDmQcIug Iu 8IChIlcCluIc.
hDul D 0ISguSl WIlh uuClIDu8 DImS 8u0 lhcII IuhcIcul CDuDImISm Il W8ulc0 lD
gIVc Icc IcIgu lD 8ul8Sj, Il WDu0 8 Immc0I8lcj IulD XIlSCh. P IS uD mDIc
8D\c U8u UcDIj lD CDuCIclIZc ulDQI8, uDl cVcu ucg8lIVcj. P CIjQlDgI8m D lhc
ucW IS lhc Im8gc D CD8QSc, Duj Dj VIIluc D lhc 8DSDulc ucg8lIVIlj D CD8QSc
0DcS 8Il cuuuCI8lc lhc uuSQc8X8Dc. ulDQI8. u lhIS Im8gc D CD8QSc 8 lhc SlIg-
5l1UA1lON |
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m8l8 D lDc IcQuSIVc m0 D8USDmc Iu mD0cD M _8UcI. DIDu_D Uc IIIcCDuCI-
8Dc IcuuuCI8DDu D lDc ScmD8uCc D IcCDuCII8lIDu, M DD0S 8Sl lD lD6 QIDmISc
D IcCDuCII8lIDu Iu IDc mI0Sl D lDc uuIcCDuCIc0. DIS IS lDc lIuc CDuSCIDuSucSS D
8u 8_c Iu WDICD lDc I68 QDSSIDIIlj D ulDQI8-lD8l _IVcu lDc cVc D QID0uClIVc
DICcS lDc cMD CDu0 DcIc 8u0 uDW Dc Q8I80ISc-CDuVcI_cS WIlD lDc QDSSIDIIlj
D lDl8 C8l8S0DQDc. 1u lDc Im8_c D C8l8S0DQDc, 8u Im8_c lD8l IS uDl 8 CDQj D lDc
cVcul Dul lDc CIQDcI D IlS QDlcuD8, lDc m8_IC8 08Cc D MS mDSl 0ISl80l QIc~
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Dj CDQuIIu_ uQ IlS Im8_c. Dc l8DDD Scl Du lDc DISlDIIC8 lcDS IS Uc SIu_c c_ID~
m8lIDu D lD8l WDcIcDj lD6 ucW CDmQIDmIScS IlSc QDIDC8j 8u0 QI8ClIC8j. IlS
C8Im lD DcIu_ 80 6u0 Iu IlSc.
c S8l lD8l 8H 0IIcClS 8l SDCIcIj IS IlSc SDCI8, Il IS CDuulcIQIcSSuIc lD IDc DICc
cXcIlc0 Dj lc bcdy scciu/, IKc I00cI-8cSlD6IIC QID_IcSS, WDICD IS QID_IcSS Iu
QIOuClIVc 8u0, 8DDVc 8, l6CuIC8 DICcS, lDIS CDuulcIQDSSuIc IS DDuu0 uQ WIlD
QID_I6SS D cX08-8cSIclIC QID0uClIVc DICcS. DcIc 8Ic DISlDIIC8 mDmculS Iu
WDICD DICcS D QID0uClIDu 6m80CIQ8lc0 Iu M IcQI6Scul 8 Ic8 cm8uCIQ8lIDu l8l
IS ImQc0c0 Dj Uc D8lIDuS D QID0uCIIDu. PWDIKS DI_8uIZc0 Dj l6 SuD]6Cl 8Ic
C8Q8Dc tuntbienqaemu/D WD8l 8 SDCI6Ij uDl DI_8uIZc0 Dj 8 SuD]6Cl 0DcS uDl
8DW, CIIj Q8uuIu_ ucCcSS8IIj 8_S 8I D6DIu0 lDc Q80uIu_ D 8 m8]DI, QuIQDSc-
cSS, MWDIK. c 8ul8_DuISm Iu Ic CDuCcQl D lcCDuIQuc 8S SDm6lDIu_ 0clcI-
mI0c0 Iuu6I-8cSlD6lIC8j 8u0 8S SDm6lDIu_ 0cVcDQc0 6Xl6D8j lD 8IlWDIKS,
SDu0 uDl Dc CDuC6IVc0 8S 8DSDulc. 1l DII_Iu8lc0 ISlDIIC8j 800 C80 Q8SS. 1u
c6C0DuICS Il IS mIc80j QDSSIDc lD QID0uCc MISlICmj Dj m8uIQu8lIu_ mc8uS
lD8l DII_Iu8lc0 cX08-8cSlDclIC8j. DcIc IS m DDVIDuS Qu8Il8lIVc c8Q DclWc6u
lDc D8u0 lD8l 0I8WS 8u 8uIm8 Du IDc W8 D 8 C8Vc 8u0 lDc C8mcI8 lD8l m8KcS H
QDSSIDc DI lDc S8mc Im8_c lD 8QQc8I SImuLcDuSj 8l IuuumcI8Dc Q8CcS. ul
lDc DD]cClIV8lIDu D lDc C8Vc 0I8WIu_ VIS-8-VIS WD8l IS uumc0I8lc0j Sccu 8Ic80j
CDul8IuS lD6 QDlculI8 D lDc lcCDuIC8 QIDCc0uIc lD8l ccClS lDc ScQ8I8lIDu D WD8l
IS Sc6u Dm lc SuD]cCIIVc 8Cl D SccIu_. L8CD WDIK, IuSDM 8S Il IS Iulcu0c0 DI
m8uj, IS 8Ic80j IlS DWu IcQIOuClIDu. D8l Iu DIS 0ICDDlDmIZ8lIDu D lDc 8uI8IIC
800 lDc lcCD0DD_IC8 8IlWDIK, cu]8mIu SuQQIcSSc0 IDIS ccmcul CDmmDu lD DDlD
Iu 8VDI D lDcII 0IcIcuCc, WDu0 Dc lDc 0I8cClIC8 CIIlIQuc D DIS lcDIj. LcI~
l8Iuj lDc CDuCcQl D lDc mD0cD IS lD Dc Q8Cc0 CDIDuDD_IC8j Du_ DDI6 lDc
I0c8 D lDc mD0cD 8S 8 DISlDIICDQDIDSDQDIC8 C8lc_DIj, U6 mD0cD, DDWcVcI, Iu
lDc 8UcI ScuSc IS uDl 8 CIDuDD_IC8 CDuCcQl Dul ID6 ImD8u0I8u QDSl08lc D 8u
8Il D l6 mDSl 80V8uCc0 CDuSCIDuSucSS, 8u 8Il Iu WDICD lDc mDSl QID_IcSSIV6 8u0
0IcIculI8l60 lcCDuIC8 QIDCc0uIcS 8Ic S8IuI8lc0 WIlD lDc mDSl QID_I6SSIVc 8u0
0IcIculI8lc0 cXQcIIcuCcS. ul lD6Sc cXQcIIcuC6S, D6Iu_ SDCI8, 8I6 CIIlIC8. WD0-
cD WDIKS Iu lDIS ScuSc muSl SDDW lD6mScVcS lD Dc lDc cQu8 D DI_D Iu0uS0I8~
ISm, uDl SImQj m8K6 Il 8 lDQIC. DcII DWu CDmQDIlmcul 8u0 DIm8 80_u8_c
muSl Ic8Cl SQDul80cDuSj lD l6 DD]cClIVc SIlu8lIDu, IDc I0c8 D 8 SQDul8ucDuS Ic-
8ClIDu lD8l IS 8 uDD 0cHucS 8 QcDuuI8 Q8I80DX D 8Il. cC8uSc lcIc IS uDlDIu_
3

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lh8l C8u 8VOI0 lhc cXQcIIcuCc O lDc SIlu8lIOu, uOlhIug COuulS lh8l QuIQOIlS lO h8Vc
cSC8Qc0 Il. mm8uy 8ulhculIC mO0cD WOIKS Iu0uSUI8 lhcm8lIC m8lcII8 IS SUICly
8VOI0c0 Oul O mISUSl O m8CDIuc 8D 8S 8 QScu0OmOIQhISm. ul Iu lh8l lhIS
m8lcII8 IS ucg8lc0 Dy hcIghlcuc0 COuSlDClIOu 8u0 lhc Ic0uClIOu O lhc m8lcII8
lOcI8lc0, lhc Iu0uSUI8 IclmS WIlh 8 Vcugc8uCc, 8S Iu lhc WOIK O 8u cc.
hIS 8SQcCl O lhc mO0cD h8S CD8ugc0 Illc 8S h8S lhc 8Cl O Iu0uSUI8IZ8lIOu
OI lhc Ic QIOCcSS O hum8u DcIugS, OI lhc lImc DcIug, lhIS gI8ulS Uc 8cSlhclIC
COuCcQl O lhc mO0cD IlS QcCuI8I IuV8II8uCc. hc IcCOguIlIOu O lhIS IuV8II8uCc,
DOWcVcI, 80mIlS uO cSS DIc80lD lO Uc hISlOIIC8 0yu8mIC lh8u 0OcS Uc Iu0uSlII8
mO0c O QIO0uClIOu IlSc, WhICD 0uIIug lDc 8Sl huu0Ic0 yc8IS h8S Dccu U8uS-
OImc0 IOm lDc uIuclcculD-CculuIy 8ClOIy lO m8SS QIO0uClIOu 8u0 8ulOm8lIOu.
Dc SuDSl8ulIVc ccmcul O 8IlISlIC mO0cDISm 0I8WS IlS QOWcI HOm lhc 8Cl lh8l
lhc mOSl 80V8uCc0 QIOCc0uIcS O m8lcII8 QIO0uClIOu 8u0 OIg8uIZ8lIOu 8Ic uOl
ImIlc0 lO lhc SQhcIc Iu WhICh lhcy OIIgIu8lc. u 8 m8uucI SC8ICcy 8u8yZc0 ycl Dy
SOCIOOgy, lhcy I80I8lc Oul IulO 8Ic8S O Ic 8I IcmOVc0 HOm lhcm, 0ccQ IulO lhc
ZOucS O SuD]cClIVc cXQcIIcuCc, WhICh 0DS uOl uOlICc lhIS 8u0 gu8I0S lhc S8nClIly
O IlS DScIVcS. P IS mO0cD Whcu, Dy IlS mO0c O cXQcIIcuCc 8u0 8S lhc cXQIcS-
SIOu O lhc CIISIS O cXQcIIcuCc, Il 8DSOIDS Wh8l Iu0uSlD8IZ8lIOu h8S 0cVcOQc0
uu0cI Uc gIVcu Ic8lIOuS O QIO0uClIOu. hIS IuVOVcS 8 ucg8lIVc C8uOu, 8 Scl O
QIOhIDIlIOuS 8g8IuSl Wh8l lhc mO0cD h8S 0IS8VOWc0 Iu cXQcIIcuCc 8u0 lcChuIQuc,
8u0 SuCD 0clcImIu8lc ucg8lIOu IS VIIlu8y lhc C8uOu O Wh8l IS lO Dc 0Ouc. h8l
lhIS mO0cDly IS mOIc lh8u 8 V8guc ZcIlgcISl OI DcIug CcVc
I
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Ou lhc IDcI8lIOu O lhc OICcS O QIO0uClIOu. NO0cD 8Il IS cQu8y 0clcImIuc0 SO-
CI8y Dy lhc COuDICl WIlh lhc COu0IlIOuS O QIO0uClIOu 8u0 IuucI-8cSlhclIC8y Dy
lhc cXCuSIOu O cXh8uSlc0 8u0 ODSOclc QIOCc0uIcS. NO0cHIly lcu0S I8lhcI lO OQ-
QOSc lhc IuIug ZcIlgcISl, 8u0 lO08y Il muSl 0O SO, lO COuDImc0 CuluIc COuSumcIS,
I80IC8 mO0cD 8Il SccmS m8IKc0 Dy 8u O0-8ShIOuc0 ScIIOuSucSS 8u0 OI lD8l Ic8-
SOu, 8mOug OlhcIS, CI8Zy. hc hISlOIIC8 cSScuCc O 8 8Il IS uOWhcIc cXQIcSSc0 SO
cmQD8lIC8y 8S Iu lDc Qu8Il8lIVc IIIcSISlIDIIly O mO0cD 8Il, lh8l lhc I0c8 O Iu-
VculIOuS Iu m8lcII8 QIO0uClIOu COmcS lO mID0 IS uOl 8u 8CCI0cul8 8SSOCI8lIOu. y
8u IuDcIcul lcu0cuCy, ImQOD8ul 8DWOIKS 8uuIhI8lc cVcIylhIug O lhcII OWu lImc
lh8l 0OcS uOl 8ChIcVc lDcII Sl8u08I0. 8uCOI IS lhcDOIc Ouc O lhc Ic8SOuS Why SO
m8uy O lhc CuluIc0 OQQOSc I80IC8 mO0cD 8Il. hc muI0cIOuS hISlODC8 OICc
O lhc mO0cD IS cQu8lc0 WIlh lhc 0ISIulcgI8lIOu O 8 lh8l lO WDICD lDc QIOQIIclOIS
O CuluIc 0cSQ8IIIugy CIug. NO0cD 8Il IS QucSlIOu8Dc uOl Whcu Il gDS lOO
8I8S lhc CIChC IduSDul Whcu Il 0DS uOl gO 8I cuOugh, WhICh IS lhc QOIul 8l
WhICh WOIKS 8lcI Oul O 8 8CK O IulcD8 COuSISlcuCy. Luy WOIKS lh8l cXQOSc
lDcmScVcS lO cVcIy IISK h8Vc lhc Ch8uCc O IVIug Ou, uOl lhOSc lh8l Oul O c8I O
lhc cQhcmcI8 C8Sl lhcII Ol WIlh lhc Q8Sl. hOSc Icu8ISS8uCcS O lcmQcI8lc mO0-
cDISm, QIOmOlc0 Dy 8 IcSlOI8lIVc COuSCIOuSucSS 8u0 IlS IulcIcSlc0 Q8DIcS, DZZc
cVcu Iu lDc cycS 8u0 c8IS O 8 QuDIC lh8l IS h8I0y 8V8ul-g8I0c.
u cmQh8lIC OQQOSIlIOu lO lDc IuSIOu O lhc OIg8uIC u8luIc O 8Il, lhc m8lcII8
5lJLAJlON L
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CDuCcQlDlhcmD0cHImQlIcSCDuSCIDuSCDuUDlDVcIIlS mc8uS.LVcuhcIc m8lcI
I8l QID0uClIDu 8u0 8IlISlIC QID0uClIDu CDuVcIgc.hc ucCcSSIlj DgDIug lD lhc cX-
Ucmc ISlhcucCcSSIljDIlhISQ8IlICul8II8lIDu8lIlj IuIcl8lIDu lD lhcm8lcII8l,8u0
uDllhcIcSullD8QScu0DSCIculIDC CDmQclIlIDuWIlhlhcI8lIDu8lIZ8lIDu Dlhc0c-
mjSlIDc0WDIl0.hISucCcSSIljC8lcgDIlC8llj0ISlIuguIShcS lhcm8lcI8llj mD0cH
IDmlI80IlIDu8lISm.PcSlhclICI8lIDu8lIlj0cm8u0Slh8l8ll 8IlISlICmc8uSIc8Chlhc
ulmDSl 0clcImIu8CjIulhcmSclVcS 8u0 8CCDI0IuglD lhcII DWu uuClIDu SD 8S lD Dc
8Dlc lD QcIDIm Wh8l lI80IlIDu8l mc8uS C8u uD lDugcI ulD ll. hc cXlIcmc IS
0cm8u0c0Dj8IlISlIClcChuDlDgj,IlISuDl]uSllhcjc8IugD8IcDcllIDuS8llIlu0c.
hc I0c8D 8 mD0cI8lc mD0cHISm IS Scl-CDuU80IClDIjDcC8uScIl IcSlI8IuS 8cS-
lhclIC I8lIDu8lIlj. h8l cVcIj clcmcul Iu 8 WDIK 8DSDlulclj 8CCDmQlISh Wh8l Il
IS SuQQDSc0 lD 8CCDmQlISh CDIuCI0cS 0IIcClj WIlh lhc mD0cH 8S 0cSI0cI8lum.
hc mD0cI8lc WDIK cV80cS lhIS IcQuIIcmcul DcC8uSc Il IcCcIVcS IlS mc8uS IDm
8u 8V8Il8Dlc DI DCllIDuS lI80IlIDu lD WhICh Il 8lUIDulcS 8 QDWcI Il uD lDugcI
QDSScSScS. 1mD0cI8lcmD0cHISlS QII0c lhcmSclVcS DulhcIIhDucSlj,WhICh SuQ-
QDSc0lj QIDlcClS lhcm HDm gcllIug CM Ic0 8W8j WIlhcVcIj 80, lDIS IS 0IShDucSl
gIVculhcW8jS Iu WhIChmD0cI8lIDu m8KcS UIugS c8SIcIDIlhcm.hcQuQDIlc0
Immc0I8Cj D lhcII 8IlISlIC CDmQDIlmcul IS lhDIDughlj mc0I8lc0. hc SDCI8llj
mDSl 80V8uCc0lcVcl Dlhc QID0uClIVc DICcS,Duc DWhICh IS CDuSCIDuSucSS, IS
lhc lcVcl DlhcQIDDlcmQDSc0 8llhcIulcIIDI Dlhc 8cSlhclIC mDu80.1ulhcIIDWu
DguI8lIDu,8IlWDIKSIu0IC8lclhc SDlulIDulDlhISQIDDlcm,WhIChlhcj8Icuu8DlclD
QIDVI0cDulhcIIDWuWIlhDulIulcIVculIDu,lhIS 8lDucISlcgIlIm8lcU80IlIDu Iu 8Il.
L8Ch8u0cVcIjImQDIl8ulWDIKD8Illc8VcSlI8CcSDchIu0IuIlSm8lcII8 8u0lcCh-
uIQuc,8u0 DllDWIug lhcm0cDucSlDc mD0cH 8S Wh8lucc0SlDD 0Duc,WhIChIS
CDulI8IjlDh8VIug8uDScDI Wh8lIS Iulhc8lI.LIIlIQuc m8KcSlhIS0cDuIlIDuCDu-
CIclc. hc lI8CcS lD Dc Duu0 Iu lhc m8lcII8l 8u0 Uc lcChuIC8l QIDc0uIcS,IDm
WhICh cVcIj Qu8lIl8lIVclj ucW WDIK l8KcS IlS lc80,8Ic SC8IS. Dcj 8Ic lhc lDCI 8l
WhICh lhc QIcCc0Iug WDIKS mISDIc0. j l8DDIIug Du lhcm, lhc ucW WDIK luDS
8g8IuSlUDSc lh8llcl lhcSc lI8CcS DchIu0,lhIS,uDl ShIS Iu SuD]cClIVccclIugSDI
lIc DI m cSl8DlIShc0 SljlcS,IS lhc 8Clu8l DD]cClDWh8l hISlDIICISmlIc8lc0 lhc
gcucI8lIDu8QIDDlcmIu8Il.hcucnDLIccK lI8gc0j SlIll g8Vc cVI0cuCcDlhIS,
Dulj lhc Q8ulhcDu D ucuU8lIZc0 CulluIc CDuCc8c0 Il. hc lIulh CDulcul D 8Il-
WDIKS IS uSc0 WIlh lhcII CIIlIC8lCDulcul.h8l IS Whj WDIKS 8Ic 8lSDCIIlICSDDuc
8uDlDcI. hIS, uDl lhc hISlDIIC8 CDulIuuIlj D lhcII 0cQcu0cuCIcS,DIu0S 8IlWDIKS
lD Duc 8uDlhcI, c8Ch8IlWDIKISlhc mDIl8l cucmj Dlhc DlhcI,'` lhc uuIljDlhc
hISlDIj D 8Il IS lhc 0I8lcClIC8l DguIc D0clcImIu8lc ucg8lIDu. Lulj Iu lhIS W8j
0DcS8IlScIVcIlS I0c8DIcCDuCIlI8lIDu.Pmc8gcI8u0 ImQuIc I0c8DUIS0I8lcClI-
C8luuIljISgIVcuDjlhcW8jIuWhICh8IlISlSD8SIuglcgcuIcQcICcIVclhcmSclVcS
lD Dc WDIKIug Iu 8 SuDlcII8uc8u CDllcClIVc lD8l IS VIIlu8llj Iu0cQcu0cul D lhcII
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lhc 8cSlhclIC SQhcIc lDIS0I8lcClIC8m8XImDc8IS SDmc lIulh. hcQDWcIDImm8-
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PIlISlS WIlh cXlIcmc ScuSIlIVIlj Ol8Slc, SuCh 8S bDVIuSKj 8u0 IcChl,DIuShc0
l8Slc 8g8IuSllhc gI8Iu OuUc D8SIS Ol8Slc, 0I8cClIC 8j hO0 Ol8Slc 8u0 0IOVc Il
DcjOu0 IlSc,8u0 lhIS CcH8Iuj IS 8SO IlS lIulh. j VIHuc O 8cSlhclIC ccmculS
uu0cIlhc 8C80c,Ic8ISlIC8IlWOIKS Iulhc uIuclcculhCculuIj Ou OCC8SIOu QIOVc0
lO Dc mOIc SuDSl8ulI8 lh8u lhOSc WOIKS lh8l Q8I0 ODcIS8uCc lO lhc I0c8 O 8Il S
QuIIlj, 8u0c8lIc cXlOc0 N8ucl 8u0 lOOK 8uDcIl SSI0c.ulcDuS Opeintare
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8mOSl COmlC8. hc mISl8Kc O 8cSlhcllCISm W8S 8cSlhclIC. l COuuSc0 IlS OWu
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SOlh8lIu8IllhcQ8IlICu8IISIlcI8jlhcuuIVcIS8.OIlhc I0IOSjuCI8llCCOmQOIl-
mcul, WhICh IS 8l DISluuCOuSCIOuS8u0h8I0jlhcOIclIC8jlI8uSQ8IcullO IlSc,IS
lhc Sc0Imcul8llOuO8COcClIVc ODH OIc8ClIOu.IlSChIS8uI0IOSjuCI8llC COu-
CcQllh8l IS8SDIu0Iug 8S IlIS cuSIVc lO 0cDuIlIOu.h8lIcDcClIOu IS8IcQuISIlcO
8IllO08j mc8uS lh8l IlmuSlDcCOmc COuSCIOuS OIlS I0IOSjuCI8SIcS 8u0 8IlICu8lc
lhcm. PS 8 COuScQucuCc, 8Il lhIc8lcuS lO DcCOmc 8cIgIC lO IlSc, lhc QuIulcS-
ScuCc Olhc 0clcImIu8lc ucg8lIOulh8l8IlcXcICIScS IS IlS OWu ucg8lIOu. hIOugh
COIIcSQOu0cuCcS WIlh lhc Q8Sl,Wh8lIcSuI8CcS DcCOmcS SOmclhIug Qu8Il8lIVcy
OlhcI.hc0cODu8lIOuODguIcS 8u0hum8u8CcSIumO0cHSCuQluIc8u0Q8Iul-
IugS8IcIcmIuISCculprimuvistuO8ICh8ICWOIKSIuWhIChlhcCulICIcQIC8lIOuO
QcOQcW8ScIlhcIuOlIulcu0c0OIImQOSSIDclO 8ChIcVcWIUlhc lcChuIQucS 8V8I-
8Dc. ul Il m8KcS 8 WOI0 O 0IcIcuCc WhclhcI 8l, h8VIug OuCc 8ChIcVc0 lhc
QOWcIOIcQIC8lIOu,ucg8lcS Il,8SUc WOI0 0cODH8lIOuImQIcS,OIIlhISQOWcI
h8SjcllO Dc g8Iuc0,OI8cSlhclICSlhc0IcIcuCc ISgIc8lcIlh8ulhc SImI8tlj.lIS
h8I0 lO Im8gIuc lh8l 8Il, h8VIug OuCc cXQcIIcuCc0 lhc hclcIOuOmj O QOIU8j8,
WOu0 8g8lu OIgcl Il 8u0 IcluD lO Wh8l Il 0clcDuIu8lcj 8u0 IulculIOu8j
ucg8lc0. Ycl, 80mIllc0j, cVcu QIOhIDIlIOuS lh8l OIIgIu8lc0 hISlOIIC8j 8Ic uOl
lO Dc hjQOSl8lIZc0, OlhcIWISc lhcj C8 uQ lh8l 8VOIllc ScIghl O h8u0 O mO0-
cDISlS OLOClc8uS V8IIclj lh8l COuSISlS OSu00cujCOu]uIIuguQ Wh8l h8S Dccu
lcmQOI8IIj QIOhlDIlc0 8u0 QIcScuUug Il 8S IIl WcIc 8lOgclhcIIcSh,8u0 OIc-
IShIug lhc VIO8lIOu Olhc mO0cH l8DOO 8S IlScSOmclhIug mO0cH, Iu lhIS 8Sh-
IOumO0cDIlj h8SIcQuculjDcuShuulc0IulOIc8CllOu.lISQIODcmSlh8lIcluD,
uOl QIcQIODcm8lIC C8lcgOIlcS 8u0 SOulIOuS.hc O0cI bChOcuDcIg ISIcI8Dj Ic-
QOIlc0lOh8Vc S8I0lh8lOIUc mOmcullhcIc W8SuO0ISCuSSIugh8ImOuj.Lc8Ij
lhIS W8S uOl8QIOQhcCj lh8l SOmc 08j Ouc WOu0 8g8Iu Dc 8Dc lO COmQOSc WIlh
lIl80S,WhICh hc Djlhc cXQ8uSIOuOlhcm8lcIl8h80 Hcg8lc0lO cXh8uSlc0 SQc-
CI8 CIICumSl8uCcS.hc QucSlIOu,hOWcVcI,Icm8IuS OQcuWhclhcIlhc 0ImcuSIOu
OSImul8ucIlj Iu muSlC 8S 8 WhOc W8S uOl0cgI80c0 lO 8mcIcIcSul,8u IIIcc-
V8uCc,SOmclhIug VIIlu8j 8CCI0cul8, muSIC OSlOucOIlS0ImcuSIOuS, lh8lOlhc
cOQucul SImul8ucOuS COmDIu8llOu O SOuu0, 8u0 lhIS W8S uOl lhc c8Sl O lhc
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5AJON | J7
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hDWcVcI, lh8l I Qu8Il8lIVc CDuRlcIDICcS SDmc08j SlII IR DQQDSIlIDR lD lhc lDl8
Qu8RlIHC8lIDR D muSIC, lhc VcIlIC8 0IDcRSIDR CDu0 DRCc 8g8IR DcCDmc `8 m8llcI
D 0ISCuSSIDR IR SuCh 8 8ShIDR 8S lD 8DW lhc c8I lD ISlcR DI h8ImDRIcS lh8l h80
Icg8IRc0 lhcII SQCIHC V8!uc. PR 8R8DgDuS QIc0IClIDR CDu0 D m80c DI CDuRlcI-
QDIRl, WhICh W8S SImI8Ij SCull!c0 Dj D!IR0 IRlcgI8lIDR. OCDuISc lhc QDSSIDIIlj
D Ic8CDDR8Ij DISuSc C8RRDl Dc 0ISIcg80c0, Ic0ISCDVcIc0 h8mDRj, hDWcVcI Il
IS CDRSlIlulc0, WDu0 8CCDDmD08lc IlSc lD h8ImDRIC lcR0cRCIcS, DRc Rcc0 DRj
ID8gIRc hDW c8SIj lc cQu8j Wc-DuR0c0 DRgIRg DI lhc IcCDRSDClIDR D
mDRD0IC IRcS CDu0 Dc U8uSDIDc0 IRlD lhc mSc IcSuIIcClIDR D Wh8l lc cRc-
mIcS D RcW muSIC mISS SD Q8IRuj 8S DcD0j. hc QIDhIDIlIDRS 8Ic DDlh gcRlc
8u0 SHCl. 1c lhcSIS lh8l hDDcDSl8SIS IS DRj DIR0IRg 8S lhc IcSul D 8 Q8j D
DICcS 8R0 RDl 8S S8CK Wc-QIDQDIlIDRc0RcSS, ImQIcS lhc WcIghlj QIDhIDIlIDR D
lhDSc 8cSlhclIC QhcRDmcR8 lh8l IR 1heSpiritc/0tcpiu!DCh C8c0 C8cl mDlIS,
8 QIDhIDIlIDR WhDSc QDWcIS 8Ic cXQ8R0IRg IclIDSQcClIVcj, 8S I Il WcIc 8R IRV8II-
8Rl. LVcR lDugh Il IS 8VDI0c0 8R0 Rcg8lc0, hDWcVcI, lhc Rcc0 DI hDmcDSl8SIS
QcISISlS. 8lcI lcR IcSDVIug 8Rl8gDRISmS, 8l 8l lImcS cXQIcSScS DVcIWhc!mIug
lcRSIDRS Rcg8lIVcj UIDugh cXUcmc 0ISl8RCc IDm lhcm. PcSlhclIC RDDS, hDW-
cVcI gIc8l lhcII hISlDIIC8 ImQDIl8RCc m8j Dc, 8g DhIR0 Uc CDRCIclc Ic D 8Il-
WDIKS, jcl 8 Uc S8mc lhcSc RDImS Q8IlICIQ8lc IR lhc 8llcIS m8gRclIC Hc!0S.
DlhIRg, hDWcVcI, IS ScIVc0 Dj 8HXIRg 8 lcmQDI8 IR0cX cXlcD8j lD lhcSc
RDImS, lhc 0I8cCDC D 8IlWDIKS l8KcS Q8Cc DlWccR lhcSc RDDS ~DDIc QDCIScj,
DlWccR lhc mDSl 80V8RCc0 RDImS~8R0 lhc WDIKS SQCIHC DID.
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QDSIlIDR lD lhc Im8gc D lhc 8IlISlS uRCDRSCIDuS DIg8RIC !8DDISImul8RcDuSj
U8uScIS HDm SCIcRCc lD M lhc CDRSCIDuS CDRUD DVcI m8lcII8S. LuDcRlj DH-
CI8 CuIuIc @IS SQCI8 HR0S lD Wh8l Il mISUuSU!j, h8 hDQIRg DI 8I!uIc,
C8S 8IlISDC cXQcIImcRl8lIDR, lhuS RcuUmIZIRg Il. PClu8!j, 8Il IS RDW SCMcj
QDSSIDc uRcSS Il 0OS cXQcIImcRl. hc 0ISQIDQIlIDR DclWccR cSl8DIShc0 CuluIc
8R0 lhc cVc D QID0uClIVc DICcS h8S DcCDDc D8l8Rl. h8l IS IRlcD8j CDRSIS-
lcRl 8QQ8IS lD SDCIclj 8l 8Igc 8S 8 DDguS QIDmISSDIj RDlc DR lhc HIuIc, 8R0 8Il,
SOI8j 0ISQDSScSSc0, IS IR RD W8j SuIc lh8l Il h8S 8Rj DIR0IRg DICc D IlS DWR.
1DI lc DDSl Q8D, cXQcIImcRl8lIDR l8KcS Sh8Q 8S lhc lcSlIRg D QDSSIDIIlIcS, uSu-
8!j D ljQS M0 SQcCIcS, Il UcIcDIc lcR0S lD 0cgI80c Uc CDRCIclc WDIK lD 8 mcIc
cX8mQc. hIS IS DRc D lhc Ic8SDRS DI lhc 8gIRg D RcW 8Il. LcIl8IRj 8cSlhclIC
mc8RS 8u0 cR0S C8RRDl Dc ScQ8I8lc0, jcl 8mDSl Dj IlS CDRCcQl cXQcIImcRl8lIDR IS
QIIm8IIj CDRCcDc0 WIlh Dc8RS 8R0 CDRlcRl lD !c8Vc lhc WDI!0 W8IlIRg IR V8IR DI
lhc cR0S. h8l IS mDIc, 0uIIRg lhc 8Sl ScVcI8! 0cC80cS lhc CDRCcQl D lhc cXQcII-
mcRl h8S IISc DcCDmc cQuIVO8!. cVcR 8S 8lc 8S 1V cXQcIImcRl8lIDR IccIIc0
lD cQDIlS HlcIc0 lIDugh CIIlIC8! CDRSCIDuSRcSS IR DQQDSIlIDR lD lhc CDRlIRu8lIDR
D uRIcHcClc0 8cSlhclIC QI8ClICcS, IR lhc Dc8ulImc lhc CDRCcQl h8S 8CQuIIc0 lhc
SlIQu8lIDR U8l 8 WDIK ShDu!0 h8Vc CDRlcRlS lh8l 8c RDl DIcScc8Dc IR lhc QIDCcSS
JB L 5AJON
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IcS0lS. 1u lhIS U8uSOIm8lIOu O lDc COuCcQl O cXQcIImcul8lIOu, 8l DcCOmcS
COuSCIO0S O SOmclhIu_ lh8l W8S 8W8yS QIcScul Iu Il 80 W8S QOIulc0 O0l Dy
N88m. hc MlISlS Im8_Iu8lIOu SC8ICcy cVcI COmQclcy cuCOmQ8SSc0 Wh8l Il
DIO0_hl OIlh. hc COmDIu8lOII8 8IlS, ursncvu, OI IuSl8uCc, 8u0 8lcI lh8l O lhc
clhcI8u0 bChOO, Iuh U8lc0 lhc m0SIC O lDc 8lc NI00c P_cS WIlD ccClS lh8l
QIOD8Dy S0IQ8SSc0 lhc COmQOScIS S0D]cClIVc Im8_Iu8lIOu. P COmDIu8lOII8 8Il
lh8l IcQ0IIc0 O lhc MISl~8S 8Icu8lc0 8IlISl~lhc mc0I8lIOu O S0D]cClIVc Im8_I-
u8lIOu, W8S cSSculI8 lO lhc 0cVcOQmcul O 8HISlIC lcChuIQucS. hIS m8_uIDc0 lhc
IISK Ih8l 8cSlhclIC QIO00ClS WO00 0clcIIOI8lc DcC80Sc O Iu80cQ08lc OI ccDc
Im8_Iu8lIOu. hc IISK IS lh8l O 8cSlhclIC Ic_IcSSIOu. PIlISlIC SQIIIl I8IScS IlSc
8DOVc Wh8l mcIcy cXISlS 8l lhc QOIul WhcIc lhc Im8_Iu8lIOu 0OcS uOl C8QIl08lc
lO lDc mcIc cXISlcuCc O m8lcII8S 8u0 lcChuIQ0cS. bIuCc lDc cm8uCIQ8lIOu O lhc
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8Ic80y IcCO_uIZc0 lhIS. Lu lhc OlhcI h8u0, Ouy Sl0DDODucSS CO00 0cuy lhc
QIO00ClIVc uClIOu O m8uy `S0IQIISc ccmculS Iu m0Ch mO0cD 8Il, Iu ucticn
puintin8u0 8c8lOIIC 8Il, lh8l 0I0 uOl IcS0l HOm DcIu_ Q8SSc0 lhIO0_h lhc Im8_I-
u8lIOu. hc SO0lIOu lO lhIS COuU80IClIOu IS lD8l 8 Im8_Iu8lIOu h8S 8u 8Icu8 O Iu-
0clcImIu8lcucSS lh8l IS uOl, hOWcVcI, Iu II_I0 OQQOSIlIOu lO Il. PS Ou_ 8S ICh8I0
b080SS SlI WIOlc SOmcWh8l COmQcX WOIKS, lhc VIIl0OSO hImSc m8y h8Vc Dccu
0u8Dc lO Im8_Iuc c8Ch SO0u0, c8Ch COOI, 8u0 c8Ch SO0u0Iu_ COmDIu8lIOu
QIcCIScy, Il IS Wc KuOWu lh8l cVcu COmQOScIS WIlh lDc DcSl c8IS 8Ic 0S08y 8S-
lOuIShc0 Whcu lhcy 8Cl08y hcM lhcII OIChcSU8 WOIkS QcIOIDc0. hIS Iu0clcI-
mIu8lcucSS, hOWcVcI~IuC0Cu_ Uc ID0clcDIu8lcucSS lh8l IcS0lS IOm lDc Iu-
8DIIly O lhc c8I, 8S blOCKh80Scu h8S uOlc0, lO 0ISlIu_0ISh, m0Ch cSS Im8_Iuc,
c8Ch lOuc O 8 lOuc C0SlcI~IS D0Il IulO 0clcImIu8lcucSS 8S 8u ccmcul O Il I8lDcI
lh8u lD8l Il cuCOmQ8SScS Uc WhOc. 1u lhc ]8_Ou O m0SICI8uS. 3O0 h8Vc lO KuOW
cX8Cly Q SOmclhIu_ SO0u0S, 8D0 Ouy lO 8 CcIl8Iu cXlcul hcw Il SO0u0S. hIS
c8VcS IOOm OI S0QIIScS, lhOSc lh8l 8c 0cSIIc0 8S Wc 8S lhOSc lh8l IcQ0IIc COI-
HClIOu, Wh8l m80c IlS QIcCOCIO0S 8QQ880Cc 8S / 'imprvaIu cIIOZ IS 8 S0QIISc
uOl O0y OI Ihc ISlcucI D0l OD]cClIVcy 8S Wc, 800 ycl lhc c8I C8u 80lICIQ8lc Il.
1u lhc cXQcIImcul, lhc c_O~8Icu m0Sl Dc IcSQcClc0 8S Wc 8S S0D]cClIVcy m8S-
lcIc0. Luy 8S SOmclhIu_ m8SlcIc0 0OcS Il DcM WIlucSS lO Wh8l h8S Dccu IDcI8lc0.
hc Ic8 SO0ICc O lhc IISK l8Kcu Dy 8 MWOIKS, hOWcVcI, IS uOl OC8lc0 Iu lhcII
cVc O COulIu_cuCy D0l I8lhcI Iu Ihc 8Cl Ih8l c8Ch Ouc muSl OOW Ihc WhIQQOOI-
WI O OD]cClIVIly Imm80cul lO Il, WIIhOul 80y _08I80lcc lh8l lhc QIO00ClIVc
OICcS~lDc SQIIIl O lhc 8IlISl 8u0 hIS QIOCc00IcS~WI Dc cQ08 lO lD8l OD]cClIV-
IIy. hS0Ch 8 _088ulcc 0I0 cXISl Il WO00 DOCK lhc QOSSIDIIly O lDc ucW, WhICh
IlSc COu0ID0lcS lO lhc OD]cClIVIly 800 COhcIcuCc O lhc WOIK. h8l C8u, WIlDO0l
SlIIIu_ 0Q lhc m0Sly O0OIS O I0c8ISm, ]0Sly Dc C8c0 sericasIu 8l IS lhc Q8lDOS
O 80 OD]cClIVIly lh8l COuIOulS lhc Iu0IVI008 WIlh Wh8l IS mOIc 8u0 OlhcI lD8u hc
blJUAJlLN | 3
IS Iu hIS hISlOIIC8y ImQI8lIVc IuS0CIcuCy. hc IISK l8Kcu Dy 8IlWOIKS Q8IlICI-
Q8lcS Iu lhcII ScIIO0SucSS, Il IS lhc Im8_c O 0c8lh Iu lhcII OWu SQhcIc. hIS ScII-
O0SucSS IS Ic8lIVIZc0, hOWcVcI, Iu lh8l 8cSlhclIC 80lOuOmy Icm8IuS cXlcD8 lO
S0cIIu_, O WhICh lhc WOIK IS 8u Im8_c 8u0 IOm WhICh lhc WOIK 0I8WS IlS ScII-
O0SucSS. hc 8IlWOIK IS uOl Ouy lhc cChO O S0cIIu_, Il 0ImIuIShcS Il, OIm, lhc
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IcSQOuSIDIIly Ou lhc Q8Il O 8IlWOIKS IuCIc8ScS lhc D0I0cu O lhcII _0Il, lhcIcOIc
lhIS 0cm8u0 IS lO Dc Scl Iu CO0ulcIQOIul WIlh lhc 8ulIlhclIC8 0cm8u0 OI IIIcSQOu-
SIDIIly. hc 8llcI IS IcmIuISCcul O lhc ccmcul O Q8y, WIlhO0l WhICh lhcIc IS uO
mOIc QOSSIDIIly O 8Il lh8u O lhcOIy. PS Q8y, 8Il SccKS lO 8DSOVc IlSc O lhc
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WIlhO0l Il lhcIc IS uO 8Il Wh8lSOcVcI. hc 8Il O 8DSO0lc IcSQOuSIDIIly lcImIu8lcS
Iu SlcIIIly, WhOSc DIc8lh C8u Dc cl Ou 8mOSl 8 COuSISlculy 0cVcOQc0 8Il-
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8u0 IHcSQOuSIDIIly IS QIcC00c0 Dy lhc COuCcQl IlSc. Puy Ic8lIOu lO Wh8l W8S
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0Q IOm DclWccu lhc m0IKy SlIc8m O hIl l0ucS WhIc l0uIu_ lhc I80IO 0I8. y
COuU8Sl, mO0cD Ml lh8l 8I0 C8Im lO 0I_uIly WO00 Dc QIlIcSSy I0cOO_IC8. O
8Cl 0I_uIhc0 Il WO00 h8Vc lO Q0l Ou 8IIS, SUIKc 8 QOSc, C8Im lO Dc OlhcI lh8u Wh8l
Il C8u D. 1l IS QIcCIScy IlS ScIIO0SucSS lh8l COmQcS mO0cD 8Il lO 8y 8SI0c QIclcu-
SIOuS Ou_ SIuCc hOQccSSy COmQIOmISc0 Dy lhc 8_ucII8u 8Il IcI_IOu. P SOcmu
lOuc WO00 COu0cmu 8IlWOIKS lO II0IC0O0SucSS, ]0Sl WO00 lhc _cSl0IcS O
_I8u0c0I 8u0 mI_hl. LcIlmuy, WIlhO0l lhc S0D]cClIVc OIm~_IVIu_ QOWcI 8Il IS
uOl lhIuK8Dc, ycl lhIS C8Q8CIly h8S uOlhIu_ lO 0O WIlh 8u 8IlWOIK S 8ChIcVIu_ cX-
QIcSSIVc SUcu_lh lhIO0_h IlS OIm. LVcu S0D]cClIVcy lhIS SlIcu_lh IS hc8VIy COm-
QIOmISc0, OI 8Il QMl8KcS O Wc8KucSS uO cSS lh8u O SlIcu_lh. 1u lhc 8IlWOIK
lhc 0uCOu0IlIOu8 S0Hcu0cI O 0I_uIly C8u DcCOmc 8u OI_8uOu O IlS SlIcu_lh.
LOuSI0cI lhc SlIcu_lh Il lOOK OI lhc IICh 8u0 DIII8ul DO0I_cOIS hcII, NcI8Iuc, lO
cl hImSc _O, 1O SIuK SO 0I8SlIC8y Iu lhc WOI0, lO l0D hImSc IulO lhc Q8SSIVcy
l0mDIu_ IuSU0mcul O hIS QOclIy. O 8CC0Sc hIm, 8S 0I0 blc8u ZWcI_, O h8VIu_
Dccu 8 Wc8KIu_, IS uOl Ouy Qlly D0l ODl0Sc WIlh Ic_8I0 lO lhc V8IIcly O QIO00C-
lIVc 8IlISlIC COmQOIlmculS. IlhO0l hIS Wc8KucSS NcI8Iuc WO00 uO mOIc h8Vc
Dccu 8Dc lO WIIlc hIS mOSl Dc80lI0 WOIKS lh8u lO WIIlc lhOSc mIScI8Dc VcIScS hc
8lcI m8IKclc0 8S rut.
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lhcmScVcS 8S COuSO8lIOu m0Sl cQ08lc lhcmScVcS WIlh lh8l Ic8Ily. 80IC8 8Il
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ID8l WDcIcDj lDcj Icm8Iu cDQucul. P IDcI8lc0 hum8uIlj WDu0 Dc 8Dc lD IuhcIIl
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lImc 8Duc QIDVI0cS uD CIIlcIIDu. Pu IuC8Cu8Dc SlDIc D WD8l IS Q8Sl QIDVcS Im-
m8uculj lD Dc Iu80cQu8lc, lDDu_D IB IIS DWu lImc 8B0 DI lDc CDuSCIDuSucSS D IlS
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IDcII DWu QIID0S. 1u lDc ScCIcl beJamcmniamccntmcmneslD8l HS lDc DISlDIj
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8u0 bIDIuS, L8IDSS8 DI M8uS DDm8, S8j mDIc 8DDul lDDSc WDD CDcIISD lDc DDQ
lD8u 8DDul Uc cu0uIIu_ V8uc D lDc WDIXS D SuCD SDuS. ul WDIXS C8B Dc 8CIu8-
IZc0 lDIDu_D DISlDIIC8 0cVcDQmcul, lDIDu_D ccrrespcndnceWIlD 8lcI 0cVcDQ-
mculS W8mcS SuCD 8S LcSu80D 0c NcBDS8, L LIcCD, 0cI, CDucI 8Ic 8
8mDuS cX8mQcS, uDl 8CCI0cul8j Ic0ISCDVcIc0 8lcI lDc DIc8X WIlD CDBlIuuDuS
U80IUDu. LVcu WDIXS ID8I 0I0 uDI Ic8CD lDc IcCDuIC8 Sl8u08I0 D UcII QDDS,
SuCD 8S N8DcIS c8Ij SjmQDDuIcS, CDmmuuIC8Ic WIlD 8lcI 0cVcDQmculS 8u0
Iu0cc0 QIcCIScj Dj mc8uS D WD8l ScQ8I8lc0 lDcm IDm lDcII DWB IImc. N8DcIS
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lDc ucD-IDm8uUC IulDXIC8lIDu WIlD SDuu0, DuI IDIS IcHS8 W8S Iu IlS DWu Umc SC8B-
08DuS, mD0cD QID8QS Iu lDc S8mc W8j 8S WcIc lDc SImQIDC8lIDuS D V8B LD_D
8u0 lDc 8uVcS VIS--VIS ImQIcSSIDBISm.
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uDl IucQuculj Dc IS cSS, IDc cmQlj DuSX D WD8l Dc DD]cClIV8lc0 IB lDc WDIX~Il
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8Il, lD DVcIc8Q Uc QIDCcSS D 0IVISIVc Iu0IVI0u8IIDu lD8l IS ImQDSc0 Du DIm 8u0
BDl 8 m8llcI D DQIBIDu DI 8CCI0cul8 CDBSCIDuSBcSS. DIS SIlu8lIDB lDcIcDIc CDm-
QcS 8Il8S SDmcUIu_ SQIIIlu8~lD uu0cI_D SuD]cClIVc mc0I8UDu Iu IlS DD]cClIVc
CDuSlIlulIDu. Dc SD8Ic D SuD]cClIVIlj Iu lDc 8IlWDIX IS IlSc 8 QIcCc D DD]cClIV-
Ilj. LcIl8Iuj lDc mImclIC ccmcBl lD8l IS Iu0ISQcuS8Dc lD 8Il IS, 8S Ic_8I0S IIS SuD-
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CDmQDIlmcul, Il C8uuDl Dc ISD8lcC IDm cXQIcSSIDu, 8uC lhcIc IS uD cXQIcSSIDu
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QDWcIcSSucSS IS Iu lhc 8cSlhclIC SQhcIc 8 CcScIlIDu lD hclcIDuDmj. lhc 8IlISlS
WDIK IS lD Ic8Ch DcjDuC hIS DWu CDulIugcuCj, lhcu hc muSl Iu IcluH Q8j lhc QIICc
lh8l hc, Iu CDulI8Sl lD lhc CISCuISIVcj lhIuKIug QcISDu, C8uuDl lI8uSCcuC hImSc
8uC lhc DD]cClIVcj cSl8DIShcC DDuuCMIcS. LVcu I Duc C8j lhc 8lDmISlIC SUuCluIc
D SDCIclj IlSc WcIc Ch8ugcC, 8Il WDuC uDl h8Vc lD S8CIIDCc IlS SDCI8 ICc8Iu
cSScuCc WhclhcI 8 Q8IlICu8I IS cVcu QDSSIDclD lhc SDCI8j uuIVcIS8. PS Dug
8S lhc Q8IlICu8I 8uC lhc uuIVcIS8 CIVcIgc lhcIc IS uD HccCDm. H8lhcI, IccCDm
WDuC ScCuIc DI lhc SuD]cCl lhc IIghl lh8l lDC8j m8uIcSlS IlSc cXCuSIVcj Iu lhc
ICIDSjuCI8lIC CDmQuSIDuS lh8l 8IlISlS muSl DDcj. hDcVcI IcSISlS lhc DVcIWhcm-
Iug CDcClIVc DICc Iu DICcI lD IuSISl Du lhc Q8SS8gc D 8Il lhIDugh lhc SuD]cCl,
uccC Du uD 8CCDuul 8l lhc S8mc lImc lhIuK uuCcDc8lh lhc VcI D SuD]cClIVISm.
PcSlhclIC 8ulDuDmj cuCDmQ8SScS Wh8l IS CDcClIVcj mDSl 8CV8uCcC, Wh8l h8S
cSC8QcC lhc SQc. j VIIluc D IlS mImclIC QIcIuCIVICu8 ccmculS, cVcIj ICIDSju-
CI8Sj IVcS IDm CDcClIVc DICcS D WhICh Il IS uuCDuSCIDuS. hc CIIlIC8 IcDcC-
lIDu D lhc SuD]cCl, hDWcVcI ISD8lcC lh8l SuD]cCl, Sl8uCS W8lCh lh8l lhcSc DICcS CD
uDl QIDVDKc IcgIcSSIDu. bDCI8 IcDcClIDu Du 8cSlhclICS h8DIlu8j ucgcClS lhc CDu-
CcQl D QIDCuClIVc DICc. 3cl CccQj cmDcCCcC Iu lhc lcChuDDgIC8 QIDCcSScS lhIS
DICc IS lhc SuD]cCl, lhc SuD]cCl CDugc8cC 8S lcChuDDgj. IDCuClIDuS lh8l 8VDIC Il,
lh8l ccClIVcj W8ul lD m8Kc lhcmScVcS lcChuIC8j 8ulDuDmDuS, 8Ic DDIgcC lD
CODCCt thCm8CVC8 Dy W8y u thC 8uD]CCt.
hc IcDcIDu D 8Il 8g8IuSl IlS 8Sc-IulculIDu8SQIIIlu8IZ8lIDu, cCcKIuCS
DI cX8mQc Iu hIS QIDgI8m D 8 CDQDIc8 8Il, IS IlSc 8 IcDcIDu D SQIIIl lh8l,
lhDugh Il IS uDl QcIQclu8j ucg8lIVc, COS IuCccC ucg8lc IlSc. uCccC, Iu lhc
CDulcmQDI8Ij SDCI8 SIlu8lIDu SQIIIl IS QIcScul Duj Dj VIIluc D lhc principiam
individauticnis. LDcClIVc 8DDI IS CDuCcIV8Dc Iu 8Il, lhc cXlIuguIShIug D IlS Im-
m8ucul SuD]cClIVIlj IS uDl. Puj Ch8ugc Iu lhIS WDuC CcQcuC Du lhc lDl8 SDCI8
CDuSCIDuSucSS h8VIug Ic8ChcC 8 cVc WhcIc Il uD DugcI CDuDIClS WIlh lhc mDSl
QIDgIcSSIVc CDuSCIDuSucSS, WhICh lDC8j IS cXCuSIVcj lh8l D lhc IuCIVICu8 .
u SQIlc D lhc mDSl SuDlc mDCIDC8lIDuS, DDuIgcDIS ICc8ISl QhIDSDQhj h8S Dccu
uu8Dc cQISlcmDDgIC8j lD DIc8K lhIDugh SDIQSISm. DI uDIm8 DDuIgcDIS CDu-
SCIDuSucSS lhc cQISlcmDDgj mDCccC Du Il W8S D uD CDuScQucuCc. DI lhIS CDu-
SCIDuSucSS 8Il 8QQc8IS ucCcSS8Ij 8uC CIIcClj `IulcISuD]cClIVc. hIS Ic8lIDu D
cQISlcmDDgj 8uC 8Il ShDuC Dc IcVcIScC. hc DImcI h8S lhc 8DIIlj lhIDugh CIIlI-
C8 Sc-IcDcClIDu lD CcSlIDj lhc SQc D SDIQSISm, WhcIc8S lhc SuD]cClIVc QDIul D
IccIcuCc Iu 8Il Icm8IuS lh8l WhICh SDIQSISm h8S mcIcj cIgucC Iu Ic8Ilj. P IS
lhc hISlDIICDQhIDSDQhIC8 lIulh D 8 SDIQSISm lh8l IS uuUuc Iu-IlSc. u 8Il lhcIc IS
uD QDSSIDc WIu DVcICDmIug D lhc SIlu8lIDu lh8l QhIDSDQhj h8S uu]uSlj hjQD-
Sl8lIZcC. PcSlhclIC ScmD8uCc IS Wh8l SDIQSISm cXU8-8cSlhclIC8j CDuuScS WIlh
5!JLAJ!ON . 4J
lIulh. j QMlICIQ8lIB_ IB lhIS COBuSIOB, LuK0CSS 8ll8CK OB I80IC8 mO0cH 8Il lO
l8j mISScS lhc QOIBl. Mc COBl8mIB8lcS 8Il WIlh Ic8 OI 8c_c0 SOIQSISlIC CuIIcBlS
IB QhIOSOQhj. h8l 8QQc8IS I0cBlIC8, hOWcVcI, C8B BOW 8B0 8_8IB Dc uB08mcB-
l8j OQQOSIlc. P CIIlIC8 ccmcBl O lhc mImclIC l8DOO IS 0IIcClc0 8_8IBSl 8
lcQI0 W8Imlh lh8l IS IBCIc8SIB_j SuQQOSc0 lO Q8SS OI cXQIcSSIOB. LXQIcSSIVc
ImQuScS QIO0uCc 8 ljQc O COBl8Cl IB WhICh COBOImISm Ic]OICcS. hIS IS lhc mcB-
l8Ilj lh8l h8S 8DSOIDc0 cI_ S wczzeck 8B0 Ic8ClIOB8IIj Q8jc0 Il O 8_8IBSl
lhc bChOcBDcI_ bChOO, WhICh BOl 8 SIB_c mc8SuIc O lhc OQcI8 0IS8VOWS. hc
Q8I80OX O lhc SIlu8lIOB IS COBCcBlI8lc0 IB bChOcBDcI_ S QIc8Cc lO cDcH S
bIX 8_8lccS OI blIIB_ Qu8Ilcl, 8 WOIK 8l lhc cXlIcmc ImIl O cXQIcSSIVIlj.
bChOcBDcI_ QI8IScS Il DcC8uSc, IB hIS OWB WOI0S, Il SQuHS 8BIm8 W8Imlh. P lhc
S8mc, lhc W8Imlh h8S Dj BOW 8SO DccB 8llIIDulc0 lO lhOSc WOIKS lh8l Ic]cClc0 Il
OI lhc S8Kc O 8ulhcBlIC cXQIcSSIOB. `8I0 8Il lO08j IS QO8IIZc0 IBlO, OB lhc OBc
h8B0, 8B uB8SSu8_c0 8B0 IBCOBSO8Dc cXQIcSSIVIlj lh8l Ic]cClS cVcIj 8Sl lI8Cc O
COBCII8lIOB 8B0 DcCOmcS 8ulOBOmOuS COBSlIuClIOB, 8B0, OB lhc OlhcI, lhc cXQIcS-
SIOBcSSBcSS O COBSlIuClIOB lh8l cXQIcSScS lhc 08WBIB_ QOWcIcSSBcSS O cXQIcS-
SIOB. hc 0ISCuSSIOB O lhc l8DOO lh8l WcI_hS OB SuD]cCl 8B0 cXQIcSSIOB lOuChcS
OB 8 0I8cClIC O m8luIIlj. 1lS 8BlI8B QOSlu8lc, lh8l O cm8BCIQ8lIOB IOm lhc
SQc O lhc IB8BlIc, hO0S BOl OBj OI Ic8SOB Dul cqu8j OI 8Il. hc hISlOIj O
mO0cH 8Il IS lh8l O 8 SD8IBIB_ lOW8I0 m8luIIlj 8S lhc OI_8BIZc0 8B0 hcI_hlcBc0
8VcISIOB lOW8I0 lhc ChI0ISh IB 8Il, WhICh DcCOmcS ChI0ISh IB lhc DISl Q8Cc
Dj lhc mc8SuIc O 8 QI8_m8lIC8j B8IIOW I8lIOB8Ilj. PO cSS, hOWcVcI, 0OcS 8Il
IcDc 8_8IBSl QIcCIScj lhIS OIm O I8lIOB8Ilj, WhICh, IB lhc Ic8lIOB O mc8BS 8B0
cB0S, OI_clS lhc cB0S 8B0 clIShIZcS lhc mc8BS 8S 8B cB0 IB IlSc. hIS III8lIOB8-
Ilj IB lhc QIIBCIQc O Ic8SOB IS uBm8SKc0 Dj lhc 8VOWc0j I8lIOB8 III8lIOB8Ilj O
8Il, cVI0cBl IB IlS lcChBIC8 QIOCc0uIcS. PIl DIIB_S lO I_hl Wh8l IS IB8BlIc IB lhc
I0c8 O DcIB_ _IOWB uQ. 1mm8luIIlj VI8 m8luIIlj IS lhc QIOlOljQc O Q8j.
1B mO0cH 8Il, mtierIS HB08mcBl8j 0IcIcBl IOm U80IlIOB8 8IlIS8B8 mclhO0S.
1lS COBCcQl IB0IC8lcS lhc tctamO C8Q8CIlIcS lhIOu_h WhICh lhc 8IlISl 0OcS ]uSlICc
lO lhc COBCcQlIOB O lhc WOIK 8B0 QIcCIScj lhcIcDj ScVcIS lhc umDIIC8 COI0 O
D80IlIOB. P lhc S8mc, lhc 8I|ISlS mtierBcVcI OII_IB8lcS WhOj Oul O 8 SIB_c
WOIK. PO 8IlISl 8QQIO8ChcS hIS WOIK WIlh BOlhIB_ Dul lhc cjcS, c8IS, OI IB_uISlIC
C8Q8CIlj OI ]uSl Il. hc Ic8IZ8lIOB O 8 SQcCIDC WOIK 8W8jS QIcSuQQOScS qu8IlIcS
_8IBc0 DcjOB0 lhc SQc O lhc WOIK S SQcCIDC8lIOB, OBj 0Icll8BlcS COBuSc OII_-
IB8Ilj WIlh l8Du8 I8S8. PlhOu_h Il 8QQcMS lO Dc mcIcj SuD]cClIVc, lhc tctamO
OICcS IBVcSlc0 IB lhc WOIK IS lhc QOlcBlI8 QIcScBCc O lhc COcClIVc 8CCOI0IB_ lO
lhc cVc O lhc 8V8I8Dc QIO0uClIVc OICcS. IB0OWcSS, Il COBl8IBS lhc mOB80.
hIS IS mOSl SUIKIB_j cVI0cBl IB lhc CIIlIC8 COIIcClIOBS m80c Dj 8IlISlS. 1B cVcIj
ImQIOVcmcBl lO WhICh hc IS COmQcc0, OlcB cBOu_h IB COBICl WIlh Wh8l hc COB-
SI0cIS hIS QIImIj ImQuSc, Uc 8IlISl WOIKS 8S SOCI8 8_cBl, IB0IcIcBl lO SOCIclj S
OWB COBSCIOuSBcSS. Mc cmDO0IcS lhc SOCI8 OICcS O QIO0uClIOB WIlhOul BcCcS
S8IIj DcIB_ DOuB0 Dj lhc CcBSOIShIQ 0ICl8lc0 Dj lhc Ic8lIOBS O QIO0uClIOB,
4 c 5JUAJ\ON
WhICh hc COulIuu8y CIIlICIZcS Dy OOWIug lhc IIgOIS O DIS mtier.u lDc m8uy
Q8IlICu8I SIlu8lIOuS WIlh WhICh lhc WOIK COuHOulS IlS 8ulhOI IhcIc 8Ic 8W8yS
m8uy 8V8I8Dc SOulIOuS, Dul lhc mulIQICIly O SOulIOuS IS DuIlc 8u0 SuIVcy8Dc
8S 8 WhOc. MtierSclS DOuu08IIcS 8g8IuSl lhc D80 IuDuIly Iu WOIKS. l m8KcS COu-
CIclc Wh8l, Iu lhc 8ugu8gc O Mcgc S Lic, mIghl Dc C8c0 lhc 8DSlI8Cl QOSSI-
DIIly O 8IlWOIKS. hcIcOIc cVcIy 8ulhculIC 8IlISl IS ODScSSc0 WIlh lcChuIC8 QIO-
Cc0uIcS, lhc clIShISm O mc8uS 8SO h8S 8 cgIIIm8lc 8SQcCl.
P IS uOl lO Dc Ic0uCc0 lO lhc uuQucSlIOu8Dc QO8IIly O lhc mImclIC 8u0 lhc COu-
SUuClIVc, 8S I lhIS WcIc 8u IuV8II8ul OImu8, OI OlhcIWISc WOIKS O hIgh Qu8Ily
WOu0 Dc ODIgc0 lO SlIIKc 8 D88uCc DclWccu lhc lWO QIIuCIQcS. ul Wh8l W8S
IuIl Iu mO0cH 8Il W8S Wh8l gI8VIl8lc0 lOW8I0 Ouc O lhc cXlIcmcS, uOl Wh8l
SOughl lO mc0I8lc DclWccu Ucm, UOSc WOIKS lh8l SlIOVc 8lcI DOlh, Iu Sc8ICh
O SyulhcSIS, WcIc IcW8I0c0 WIlh 8 0uDIOuS COuScuSuS. hc 0I8cClIC O lhcSc
ccmculS IS SImI81 lO 0I8cClIC8 OgIC, Iu lh8l c8Ch QOc 8IZcS IlSc Ouy m lhc
OUcI, 8u0 uOl Iu SOmc mI00c gIOuu0. LOuSUuClIOu IS uOl lhc COIIcClIVc O cX-
QIcSSIOu, uOI 0OcS Il ScIVc 8S IlS gu8I8ulOI Dy HDIug lhc ucc0 OI OD]cClIV8lIOu,
I8lhcI, COuSUuClIOu muSl COuOIm lO lhc mImclIC ImQuScS WIlhOul Q8uuIug, 8S Il
WcIc, Iu lhIS IcS lhc SuQcIIOIIly O bChOcuDcIg 8 Erwunan OVcI 8 gIc8l m8uy
COmQOSIlIOuS lh8l m80c lh8l WOIK IulO 8 QIIuCIQc lh8l h80 OI IlS Q8Il Dccu Ouc O
COuSlIuClIOu, Wh8l SuIVIVcS O cXQIcSSIOuISm 8S SOmcIhIug OD]cClIVc 8Ic lhOSc
WOIKS lh8l 8DSl8Iuc0 HOm COuSlIdClIVc OIg8uIZ8IIOu. bImI8Iy, COuSUuClIOu C8u-
uOl, 8S 8 OD cmQly O hum8u COulcul, W8Il lO Dc Dc0 WIlD cXQIcSSIOu. 8lhcI,
COuSlIuClIOu g8IuS cXQIcSSIOu lhIOugh CO0ucSS. IC8SSOS CuDISl WOIKS 8u0 lhcII
8lcI U8uSOIm8lIOuS 8tc, Dy VIIluc O 8SCclICISm 8g8IuSl cXQIcSSIOu, 8t mOIc cX-
QIcSSIVc U8u UOSc WOIKS U8l WcIc IuSQIIc0 Dy CuDISm Dul c8Ic0 lO OSc cXQIcS-
SIOu 8u0 DcC8mc SuQQIC8ul. hIS m8y c80 lhc W8y DcyOu0 Ihc 0cD8lc OVcI uuC-
lIOu8ISm. hc CIIlIQuc O Such/ichkeit8S 8 OIm OIcIDc0 COuSCIOuSucSS muSl uOl
Smuggc Iu 8 8XucSS lh8l WOu0 Im8gIuc lh8l Uc Ic0uClIOu O lhc IcQuIIcmcul O
COuSUClIOu WOu0 IcSul Iu lhc IcSlOI8lIOu O 8u 8cgc0y Hcc 8Hl8Sy 8u0 lhuS O
lhc ccmcul O cXQIcSSIOu. uuClIOu8ISm lO08y, QIOlOIyQIC8y Iu 8IChIlcCluIc,
WOu0 ucc0 lO QuSh COuSlIuClIOu SO 8I lh8l Il WOu0 WIu cXQIcSSIOu lhIOugh lhc
Ic]cClIOu O U80IlIOu8 8H0 ScmIU80IlIOu8 OImS. LIc8l 8IChIlcCluIc g8IuS IlS
SuQI8uClIOu8 8ugu8gc Whcu Il WOIKS 0IIcCly HOm IlS QuIQOScS, ccClIVcy 8u-
uOuuCIug lhcm mImclIC8y 8S lhc WOIK S COulcul. M. . bCh81OuuS hIh8ImOuIC
M8 Iu cIIu IS Dc8ulIu DcC8uSc, Iu OI0cI lO CIc8lc lhc I0c8 SQ8lI8 CO00IlIOuS
OI OIChcSU8 muSIC, Il 8SSImI8lcS IlSc lO lhcSc COu0IlIOuS I8lhcI lh8u DOIIOWIug
HOm lhcm. y cXQIcSSIug IlS QuIQOSc lhIOugh lhc DuI0Iug, Il U8uSCcu0S mcIc
QuIQOSIVcucSS lhOugh, IuCI0cul8y, lhIS U8uSIlIOu IS ucVcI gu8I8ulcc0 lO QuIQO-
SIVc O1mS. Neae Such/ichkeit`sCOu0cD8lIOu O cXQIcSSIOu m0 8 mImcSIS 8S
OH8mcul8 8u0 SuQcIDuOuS, 8S 8IDIlI8Iy SuD]cClIVc gMISDIug, hO0S Uuc Ouy OI
COuSUuClIOu QIOVI0c0 WIIh 8 VcuccI O cXQIcSSIOu, uOl OI WOIKS O 8DSOulc cX-
QIcSSIOu. PDSOulc cXQIcSSIOu WOu0 Dc OD]cClIVc, lhc OD]cCl IlSc. hc QhcuOmc-
5lJUAJlON | 4
BDB D 8uI8, WhI0h 0Bj8mIB 00S0IID00 8l DB00 BDSl8gI08 8B0 0IIlI08, h8S
D00Dm0 D80 Wh0RV0IIl IS IBSlIlul008B0 SImu8I00, Wh0I0V0IWDIKS lh8l IB Ih0II
QID0u0IIDB8B0I0QID0u0IIDBDQQDS0 lh0hicetnanc8I0, IK0Ih00Dmm0I0I8Dm,
QIDVI000WIlhlh0S0mD8B00DIhIS Imm00I80.D D0 S0I0,lhIS 8SD 08m8g0SIh0
IB0IVI0u8 QID0u000 WDIK Wh0B, S00KIBg lD QI0S0IV0 8uI8, Il 0DB0D0lS uBIQu0
B0SS m0 lhuS SQIIBgS lD lh0 8I0 D 8B I00DDg lh8l I0g80S IlS0 WIlh lh0 W0-
IB0IVI0u8l0,8S I IB lh0 80mIBISl0I00 WDI0Su0hSlI0XISl00. LB Ih0 Dlh0Ih8B0,
0DB00IV00BDB0I800lI08 lh0 lh0DI D8uI80B0S IlS0 lDmISuS0.1lD0Dm0S 8
SDg8H D lh0 0080SIh0D0IZ8lIDB D 8II lh8l IS uB00I W8 m Ih0 8g0 D Ih0 l00h-
BI08 I0QID0u0IDIIlDlh0MWDIK.PuI8ISBDlDB8S0Bj8mIB 08Im00lh0
h0I0 8B0 BDWDlh0 8IlWDIK,Il IS Wh8l0V0IgOS D0DB0 IlS 80Iu8 gIV0BB0SS,IlS
0DBl0Bl, DB0 08BBDl 8DDISh Il 8B0 SlI W8Bl Ml. LV0B 00mSlID00 MlWDIKS 8I0
mDI0 lh8B Wh8l IS IRI8 Ih0 08S0. ' h0 `0XhIDIlIDB V8u0 lh8l, 800DI0IBg lD
0Bj8mIB,SuQQ8BlS0ulVmu0ISmimcDlh00X0h8Bg0 QID00SS.PIllh8l00-
VDl0S IlS0 lDIlS0XhIDIlIDBV8u0ISIu00DIh00X0h8Bg0 QID00SS IBjuSlIh0S8m0
W8 8S lh0 08l0gDII0S D S0I8ISl I08ISm 800DmmD8l0 lh0mS0V0S lD U0 Sl8luS
QuDDlh00uluI0IB0uSU.h0I0uS8D8IlWDIKSlD0DmQHmIS0D00Dm0S80II-
lIQu0 0V0BDlh0 I008Dlh0IIIBB0I0Dh0I0B00,lh0II0IDSS0SS Q0I00DDB 8B0 IBl0-
gI8lIDB.1BB0I0Dh0I0B00Sh8Il0ISDBWh8lISSuQ0IIDI lDIl,lh0Uulh D lh0 0DBl0Bl,
WhI0h BD DBg0I DB0S S8lIS80lIDB IB 0XQI0SSIDBDI 0XQI0SSIDB I00DmQ0BSS
h0Q0SS IB0IVI0u8Il WIIh80000QlIV0ImQDIl8B00DIIB0DBSIIu0lIDB,DI0Dh0I-
0B00 IS mDI0 lh8B 8 m0I0 8B8Dg D lh0 80mIBISl0R0 WDI0. h0 uUDSl IBl0-
gI8lIDB IS ulmDSl S0mD8B00 8B0 lhIS 08uS0S lh0 DIm0IS I0V0IS8. LV0I SIB00
00lhDV0BS 8Sl WDIKS lhDS0 MISlS WhD QuSh00 IBl0gI8lIDB lD 8B 0XU0m0 h8V0
mDDIIZ000ISIBl0gI8lIDB.h0UuIh0DBl0BlD8Il,WhDS0DIg8BDBW8SIBl0gI8lIDB,
0S 8g8IBSl M 8B0 IB lhIS 0 8Il h8S IlS 0mQh8lI0 mDm0BlS. PIlISlS 0IS0DV0I
Ih0 0DmQuSIDB lDW8I0 0ISIBl0gI8lIDB IB Ih0II DWB WDIKS, IB Ih0 S0IQuS D
DIg8BIZ8lIDB 8B0 I0gIm0B, Il mDV0S Ih0m lD S0l 8SI00 lh0 m8gI0 W8B0 8S 0D0S
bh8K0SQ08I0SIDSQID,WDDISIh0 QD0l SDWB VDI00.MDW0V0I,Ih0 IIuIhDSu0h
0ISIBl0gI8lIDB IS 80hI0V00 D W8 D BDlhIBg 0SS lh8B lh0 UIumQh 8B0 guIl D
IBl0gI8lIDB.h0 08l0gDQDlh0I8gm0Bl8IWhI0hh8SIlSD0uSh0I0ISBDllD
D0 0DBS00 WIlh lh0 08l0gDI D0DBlIBg0Bl Q8III0u8IIl. h0 H8gm0Bl IS Ih8l
Q8IlDlh0 lDl8IIDlh0WDIKIh8lDQQDS0S lDI8II.
D S8Ih8l8IlISBDlI00BII08WIUlh00DB00QlDD8ul,DulI0QuII0SDIIlSI08-
IZ8lIDB lh0 0DB00Ql D lh0 ug 8S IlS B0g8lIDB, IS 8 Q8lIlu00. X0l lhIS 0D0S BDl
8mDuBl lD lh0 8BBum0Bl D lh0 08l0gDIy D lh0 ug 8S 8 08BDB D QIDhIDIlIDBS.
hIS 08BDBBDDBg0IDIDI0S DD0BS0S8g8IBSluBIV0IS8Iu0S,Dul Il 00D8IS VID8-
lIDBS Dlh0WDIKS Imm8B0Bl 0DBSISl0B0.h0 uBIV0IS8Il D lhIS 08BDBIS BDlh-
IBg Dlh0I Ih8B lh0 QIIm80 Dlh0 Q8III0u8I. h0I0 ShDu0 BD DBg0I D 8BlhIBg
lh8l IS BDl SQ0ID0. h0 QIDhIDIlIDB D Ih0 ug h8S D00Dm0 8B IBl0I0I0lIDB D
4 | JHL UGL Y, 1HL BLAUJL, AU1LLHNQUL
Wh8lcVcI IS uDl DDcC hicetnanc, D lhc IuCDmQclcj DDcC, lhc I8W. LISSD-
u8uCc IS lhc lcChuIC8 lcD DI lhc IcCcQlIDu lhIDugh 8Il D Wh8l 8cSlhclICS 8S Wc
8S u8Vcl C8S ugj. h8lcVcI Il m8j Dc, lhc ugj muSl CDuSlIlulc, DI Dc 8Dc lD
CDuSlIlulc, 8u ccmcul D 8Il, 8 WDIK Dj lhc McgcI8u 8I HDScuKI8uZ D8IS lhc
lIlc 1heAesthetics c/ the 0 ly. ' PICh8IC 8Il 8uC lhcu U8CIlIDu8 8Il, cSQcCI8j
SIuCc lhc 8uuS 8uC SIcuI D MccuISm, 8DDuuC Iu lhc QDIU8j8 D SuD]cClS lh8l
WcIc CDuSICcIcC ugj. u mDCcD 8Il lhc WcIghl D lhIS ccmcul IuCIc8ScC lD SuCh 8
CcgIcc lh8l 8 ucW Qu8Ilj cmcIgcC. PCCDICIug lD lI8CIlIDu8 8cSlhclICS, lhc ugj IS
lh8l ccmcul lh8l DQQDScS lhc WDIK S IuIug 8W D DD, Il IS IulcgI8lcC Dj lh8l
DD8 8W 8uC lhcIcDj CDuDDS Il, 8Dug WIlh lhc QDWcI D SuD]cClIVc IccCDm Iu
lhc 8IlWDIK VIS-3-VIS lhc SuD]cCl m8llcI. hIS SuD]cCl m8llcI WDuC IuCccC DcCDmc
Dc8ulIu Iu 8 hIghcI ScuSc lhIDugh IlS uuClIDu Iu lhc QIClDII8 CDmQDSIlIDu, DI
IuSl8uCc, DI Dj IlS Q8IlICIQ8lIDu Iu lhc QIDCuClIDu D 8 Cju8mIC cQuIIDIIum, DI,
8CCDICIug lD 8 McgcI8u lDQDS, Dc8ulj IS lhc IcSul uDl D 8 SImQc cQuIIDIIum QcI
Sc, Dul I8lhcI D lhc lcuSIDu lh8l IcSulS. M8ImDuj lh8l, 8S 8 mcIc IcSul, CcuIcS lhc
lcuSIDuS lh8l h8Vc culcIcC IulD Il, DcCDmcS SDmclhIug CISluIDIug, 8Sc, 8uC ccC-
lVcj CISSDu8ul. hc h8ImDuSlIC VIcW D lhc ugj W8S VDICcC Iu mDCcD m, 8uC
SDmclhIug Qu8Il8lIVcj ucW cmcIgcC. hc 8u8lDmIC8 hDIIDI Iu HImD8uC 8uC
cuu, lhc QhjSIC8j IcVDlIug 8uC IcQccul Iu cCKcll, lhc SC8lDDgIC8 lI8IlS D
m8uj CDulcmQDIMj CI8m8S, h8Vc uDlhIug Iu CDmmDu WIlh Uc IuSUC uuCDulhuc8S
D ScVculcculh-CculuIj LulCh Q8IulIugS. Pu8 Qc8SuIc, 8uC lhc QICc D 8Il 8l
8CIcj DcIug 8Dc lD IulcgI8lc Il, 8DCIC8lc, QDWcIcSSj lhc 8W D DD C8QIlu-
8lcS lD ugIucSS. h8l IS hDW CDmQclcj Cju8mIC lhc C8lcgDIj D lhc ugj IS, 8uC
ucCcSS8IIj IlS CDuulcIIm8gc, lhc C8lcgDIj D lhc Dc8ulIu, IS uD cSS SD. Dlh
mDCK CcDuIlIDu8 DX8lIDu SuCh 8S IS Im8gIucC Dj lh8l 8cSlhclIC WhDSc uDDuS 8Ic,
hDWcVcI IuCIIcClj, DIIculcC Dj lhcSc C8lcgDIIcS. hc Sl8lcmcul lh8l 8 CcV8Sl8lcC
IuCuSlI8 8uCSC8Qc DI 8 8Cc CcDDcC Dj 8 Q8IulIug IS ]uSl Q8Iu ugj m8j 8u-
SWcI SQDul8ucDuSj lD lhc QhcuDmcuDu Dul 8CKS lhc Sc-cVICcuCc Il 8SSumcS.
hc ImQIcSSIDu D lhc ugIucSS D lcChuDDgj 8uC IuCuSUI8 8uCSC8QcS C8uuDl Dc
8CcQu8lcj cXQ8IucC Iu DDu8 lcDS, 8uC 8cSlhclIC8j Wc-IulcgI8lcC uuClIDu8
DDS, Iu PCD LDDS S ScuSc, WDuC QIDD8Dj c8Vc lhc ImQIcSSIDu D ugIucSS
uuChMgcC. hc ImQIcSSIDu D ugIucSS SlcmS HDm lhc QIIuCIQc D VIDcuCc 8uC
CcSHCUDu. hc 8ImS QDSIlcC uuIcCDuCIcC WIlh Wh8l u8luIc, hDWcVcI mcCI-
8lcC Il m8j Dc, W8ulS lD S8j Du IlS DWu. u lcChuIQuc, VIDcuCc lDW8IC u8luIc IS uDl
IcHcClcC lhIDugh 8IlISlIC QDIU8j8, Dul Il IS ImmcCI8lcj 8QQ8Icul. l CDuC Dc
lI8uSDDcC Duj Dj 8 IcDIIcul8lIDu D lcChuIC8 DICcS D QIDCuClIDu lh8l WDuC
CIIcCl lhcSc DICcS uDl Duj 8CCDICIug lD CcSIIcC 8ImS Dul cQu8j 8CCDICIug lD lhc
u8luIc lh8l IS lD Dc lcChuIC8j DDcC. PcI lhc 8DDIlIDu D SC8ICIlj, lhc IDcI8-
lIDu D lhc DICcS D QIDCuClIDu CDuC cXlcuC IulD DlhcI CImcuSIDuS lh8u cXCu-
SIVcj lh8l D lhc Qu8ulIl8lIVc gIDWlh D QIDCuClIDu. hcIc 8Ic IulIm8lIDuS D lhIS
Whcu uuClIDu8 DuICIugS 8Ic 8C8QlcC lD lhc DDS 8uC CDulDuIS D lhc 8uCSC8Qc,
8S Wc 8S Whcu DuICIug m8lcII8S h8Vc DIIgIu8lcC IDm 8uC Dccu IulcgI8lcC IulD
1HL UGLY, 1HL BLAU1llLL, ANO 1LLHNlQLL
_

7
lhc SuIIOuBCIB_ 8BCSC8Qc, 8S OI IBSl8BCc WIlh Ch3lc8uX 8BC C8SlcS. h8l IS
C8cC 8 `CuluI8 8BCSC8Qc [Ka/tar/undschu]]IS 8 Dc8ulIu mOCc OlhIS QOSSI
DIIlj. P I8lIOB8Ilj lh8l cmDI8CcC lhcSc mOlIS WOuC Dc 8Dc lO hcQ hc8 lhc
WOuBCS U8l I8lIOB8Ilj IBIClcC. LVcB 8S DOuI_cOIS COBSCIOuSBcSS B81Vcj COB
CcmBS lhc u_IBcSS O 8 lOH-uQ IBCuSlII8 8BCSC8Qc, 8 Ic8lIOB IS cSl8DIShcC lh8l
IcVc8S 8 _ImQSc O lhc COmIB8lIOB O B8luIc, WhcIc B8luIc ShOWS hum8BS IlS 8
C8Cc O h8VIB_ jcl lO Dc m8SlcIcC. hIS DOuI_cOIS IBCI_B8lIOB lhcIcOIc IS Q8Il O
lhc ICcOO_j O COmIB8lIOB. \_IBcSS WOuC V8BISh I lhc Ic8lIOB O m lO B8luIc
IcBOuBCcC IlS IcQIcSSIVc Ch8I8ClcI, WhICh QcIQclu8lcS I8lhcI lh8B DcIB_ QcIQclu-
8lcC Dj lhc IcQIcSSIOB O m8B. hc QOlcBlI8 OI lhIS IB 8 WOIC 8IC W8Slc Dj
lcChBIquc IcSICcS IB 8 Q8CIDcC lcChBIquc, BOl IB Q8BBcC cBC8VcS. hcIc IS BOlh-
IB_ Qul8lIVcj u_j lh8l WOuC BOl Dc 8Dc lhIOu_h 8 lI8BSOIm8lIOB O IlS QOSIlIOB
IB lhc WOIK, IccC Om lhc CuIB8Ij, lO CISC8IC IlS u_IBcSS. h8l 8QQcIS u_j IS
IB lhc DISl Q8Cc Wh8l IS hISlOIIC8j OCcI, Wh8l 8Il Ic]cClcC OB IlS Q8lh lOW8IC
8ulOBOmj, 8BC Wh8l IS lhcIcOIc mcCI8lcC IB IlSc. hc COBCcQl O lhc u_j m8j
Wc h8Vc OII_IB8lcC IB lhc ScQ8I8lIOB O M IOm IlS ICh8IC Qh8Sc. l m8IKS lhc
QcIm8BcBl IcluH O lhc ICh8IC, IBlcIlWIBcC WIlh lhc CI8cClIC O cBI_hlcBmcBl
IB WhICh 8Il Q8IlICIQ8lcS. PICh8IC u_IBcSS, lhc C8BBID8ISlIC8j lhIc8lcBIB_ Cul
m8SKS 8BC _IIm8CcS, W8S lhc SuDSl8BlIVc ImIl8lIOB O c8I, WhICh Il CISScmIB8lcC
8IOuBC IlSc IB cXQI8lIOB. PS mjlhIC8 c8I CImIBIShcC WIlh lhc 8W8KcBIB_ O
SuD]cClIVIlj, lhc lI8IlS O lhIS c8I c SuD]cCl lO lhc l8DOO WhOSc OI_8BOB lhcj
WcIc, lhcj DISl DcC8mc u_j VIS-8-VIS lhc ICc8 O IcCOBCII8lIOB, WhICh COmcS IBlO
lhc WOIC WIlh lhc SuD]cCl 8BC hIS B8SCcBl IccCOm. ul lhc OC Im8_cS O lcDOI
QcISISl IB hISlOIj, WhICh h8S jcl lO IcCccm lhc QIOmISc O IccCOm, 8BC IB WhICh
lhc SuD]cCl8S lhc 8_cBl O uBIccCOmQcIQclu8lcS lhc mjlhIC8 SQc, 8_8IBSl
WhICh hc IcDcS 8BC lO WhICh hc IS SuDOICIB8lc. PIclZSChc S CIClum lh8l 8 _OOC
IhIBgS WCIC OBCC CrC8Cu IhIngS, IKC bChcIBgS S IBSIghl IBlO lhc lcIIOI O lhc Dc-
_IBBIB_, m8j Wc h8Vc h8C lhcII OII_IBS IB Ihc cXQcIIcBCc O M. hc OVcIlhIOWB
8BC IcCuIIcBl COBlcBl [Inhu/t] IS SuDIm8lcC IB Im8_IB8lIOB 8BC OIm. c8ulj IS
BOl lhc Q8lOBIC8j QuIc Dc_IBBIB_ Dul I8lhcI SOmclhIB_ lh8l OII_IB8lcC IB lhc Ic-
BuBCI8lIOB O Wh8l W8S OBCc cMcC, WhICh OBj 8S 8 IcSul O lhIS IcBuBCI8lIOB
IclIOSQcClIVcj, SO lO SQc8K, 8CCOICIB_ lO IlS OWB lcOS DcC8mc lhc u_j. c8ulj
IS lhc SQc OVcI lhc SQc, WhICh CcVOVcS uQOB Il. hc 8mDI_uOuSBcSS O lhc u_j
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_OIj O u_IBcSS cVcIjlhIB_ COBCcmBcC Dj 8Il. QOjmOIQhOuS ScXu8Ilj 8S Wc 8S
lhc VIOcBlj mulI8lcC 8BC clh8. hc QcIQclu8j IcCuIIIB_ DcCOmcS lh8l 8BlI-
lhclIC8 OlhcI WIlhOul WhICh M, 8CCOICIB_ lO IlS OWB COBCcQl, WOuC BOl cXISl, 8Q-
QIOQII8lcC lhIOu_h Bc_8lIOB, lhIS OlhcI~lhc 8BlIlhcSIS lO Dc8ulj, WhOSc 8BlIlhcSIS
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B lhc hISlOIj O 8Il, lhc CI8cClIC O lhc u_j h8S CI8WB lhc C8lc_OIj O lhc Dc8ulI-
u IBlO IlSc 8S Wc, KIlSCh IS, IB lhIS Ic_8IC, lhc Dc8ulIu 8S lhc u_j, l8DOO IB lhc
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mcul, lDc mOIc IuSISlculy lDcy m80c SuIc lD8l lDc IOO IcSlc0 Ou COuHuS. LOC-
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IOI O Dc8ulj cXlcB0S IBlO 8IlWOIKS 8S lDcII IHcSISlIDIIlj, 8 lI8Il OBCc 8lUIDulc0 lO
PQhIO0Ilc cIlhOB. JuSl 8S 0uIIB_ lhc LjmQI8u Sl8_c Uc 0mOIQhOuS QOWcI O
mjlh W8S COBCcBU8lc0 IB 8 SIB_c 0cIlj WhO SuDOI0IB8lc0 lhc 8 8B0 lhc m8uj
8u0 Icl8IBc0 IlS 0cSlIuClIVcBcSS, _Ic8l 8IlWOIKS, 8S 0cSUuClIVc WOIKS, h8Vc 8SO
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lhcj c8Ic0 lh8l ImmOIl8Ilj WOu0 0I8W Oul lhcII Ic DOO0, cVcB lhc mOSl Sccm-
IB_j BculI8 OD]cClS lh8l 8Il h8S SOu_hl lO clcD8IZc 8S Dc8ulIu I80I8lccBlIIcj
Oul O lhcII m8lcII8S~h8I0BcSS, uB8SSH8DIIlj, IB0cc0 u_IBcSS. hc OIm8
C8lc_OIj O IcSISl8uCc, IcQuISIlc O 8B 8IlWOIK I Il IS BOl lO SIBK lO lh8l cVc O
cmQlj Q8j 0ISmISSc0 Dj Mc_c, IBlIO0uCcS lhc CIuclj O mclhO0 cVcB IBlO 8Il-
WOIKS O h8QQj QcIIO0S SuCh 8S lh8l O ImQIcSSIOuISm. LIKcWISc, lhc sa]ets8IOuB0
WhICh lhc mOVcmcBl 0cVcOQc0 IlS _Ic8lcSl WOIKS 8Ic I8Icj lhOSc O 8 SlIIClj
Qc8Ccu B8luIc Dul h8Vc SC8llcIc0 lhIOu_hOul H8_mcBlS O CIVIIZ8lIOB lh8l lDc
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SOCIcljWOu0 8mOuBl lO IcSI_B8lIOB OB lhc Q8Il O 8cSlhclICS. Dc 0cDBIlIOB O
8cSlhclICS 8S lhc lhcOIj O lhc Dc8ulIu IS SO uBHuIlu DcC8uSc lhc OIm8 Ch8I8C-
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lDclIC. 8cSlDclICS WcIc BOlDIB_ Dul 8 SjSlcm8lIC C8l8O_uc O WD8lcVcI IS C8lcC
Dc8ulIu, Il WOuC _IVc BO ICc8 O lDc lIc lD8l lI8BSQIIcS IB lDc COBCcQl O Dc8ulj.
B lcImS O lDc IBlcBlIOB O 8cSlDclIC IcDcClIOB, lDc COBCcQl O Dc8ulj IS Dul OBc
clcmcBl. Dc ICc8 O Dc8ulj CI8WS 8llcBlIOB lO SOmclDIB_ cSScBlI8l lO 8Il WIlDOul,
DOWcVcI, 8IlICul8lIB_ Il CIIcCllj. 1 8IlI8ClS WcIc BOl IB V8IIOuS W8jS ]uC_cC lO Dc
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BcIlDcI 8IlISl BOI DcDOlCcIWOuC D8Vc Ic8SOB lO m8Kc lD8l cXOCuS IOm lDc
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Dj VIIluc O IlS COBSlIlulIOB. Mc_cl 8IIcSlS lDc 8cSlDclIC CI8cClIC Dj DIS Sl8lIC CcD-
BIlIOB O lDc Dc8ulIu 8S lDc ScBSu8l 8QQc8I8BCc O lDc ICc8. Dc Dc8ulIul IS BO
mOIc lO Dc CcDBcC lD8B IlS COBCcQl C8B Dc CISQcBScC WIlD, 8 SlIICl 8BlIBOmj. 1 Il
CISQcBScC WIlD C8lc_OIIcS, 8cSlDclICS WOuC Dc BO mOIc lD8B 8 DcImclIC DISlOIICO-
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8Bj CISlIl8lIOB O COmmOB CD8I8ClcIISlICS WOulC Dc BO DcllcI lD8B 8 Q8IOCj 8BC
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lIOBS~IOm WDICD lDc COBCcQl O Dc8ulj SucIS. POlDIB_ WOulC Dc 8CDIcVcC Dj
ScllIB_ uQ 8 m8lcII8l cSScBCc OVcI 8BC 8_8IBSl OIm8 Dc8ulj. Dc QIIBCIQc, 8S
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lDIS cXlcBl SuDSl8BlIVclj. Dc Im8_c O Dc8ulj 8S lD8l O 8 SIB_lc 8BC CIcIcBlI8lcC
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8IcOuCc 8g8luC8Q8DcOOImlug 8uullj,Ouclh8llSuO cSS lmQOSc0Oulhcmlu-
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j mc8uS OCOuSUCllOu, 8Il 0cSQcI8lcj W8ulS lO cSC8Qc IOm llS uOmlu8lSllC
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lOu8llhcS8mcllmcCIlllC8jIc0uCcS8cSlhcllC SuD]cCIlVllj, ]uSl8SCOuSlIuCllVlSl
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8 8VcISlOuDcIc80OulOlhc ccmculS lhcmScVcS,8u0lhcjucVcIWhOj 8CCc0c
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COuulcIm8u0SlhcOIg8ulC 8S luSOIj.hc SuD]cCllu llS gu8Sl-OglC8 uulVcIS8llj
lS lDc uuCllOu8Ij OlhlS 8Cl,WhcIc8S lhc Sc-cXQIcSSlOu OlhcSuD]cCllulDcIc-
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m8Xc IlSc IulD SDmclhIug Ic8 SuI gcucIIS, cVcu lhDugh Il DDIIDWS lhc VcIy QuIIly
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CDuSUuClIDu Icm8IuS lI8QQc0 Iu 8Il. hc QuIcy CDuSUuClc0, SUICly DD]cClIVc 8Il-
WDIX, WhICh cVcI SIuCc P0D LDDS h8S Dccu lhc SWDD cucmy D cVcIylhIug
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uQDSccSSucSS WIlhDul QuIQDSc DcCDmcS IIDuy. D 08lc lhc Duy 8lcD8lIVc lD
lhIS h8S Dccu lhc QDcmIC8 IulcIVculIDu D lhc SuD]cCl Iu SuD]cClIVc Ic8SDu Dy 8
SuIQuS D lhc SuD]cCl S DWu m8uIcSl8lIDu DcyDu0 lh8l Iu WhICh Il W8ulS lD ucg8lc
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C8u 8Il SDmchDW SlI SuIVIVc.
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Duc lh8l ucVcIIhccSS 0DcS uDl W8ul lD Dc 8u DD]cCl, 8 lhIug 8mDug DlhcI lhIugS.
P lh8l IS SImQy 8 lhIug IS 8u DXymDIDu. 3cl lhc 0cVcDQmcul D UIS DXymDIDu
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ICl. lS cuCh8ulmcul, 8 VcSlIgc D IlS m8gIC8 Qh8Sc, IS CDuSl8uly IcQu0I8lc0 8S
uumc0I8lc0 ScuSu8 Immc0I8Cy Dy lhc QIDgIcSSIVc 0IScuCh8ulmcul D lhc WDI0,
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Iu Il IS 8!lS mImclIC Ch8I8ClcI QIcSc!Vc0, 8u0 IlS lIulh IS lhc CIIlIquc lh8l, Dy IlS
ShccI cXISlcuCc, Il cVcS 8l 8 I8lIDu8Ily lh8l h8S DcCDmc 8DSDulc. tm8uCIQ8lc0
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D8uCc 0IScuCh8ulS Uc 0IScuCh8ulc0 WDN0. hIS IS lhc 0I8cClIC8 clhcI Iu WhICh
8!I lD08y l8XcS Q8Cc. hc IcuuuCI8lDu D 8uy C8Im lD Uulh Dy lhc QIcScIVc0 m8gI-
C8 ccmcul m8IXS Dul lhc lcII8Iu D 8cSlhclIC ScmD8uCc 8u0 8cSlhclIC lIulh. P
IuhcIIlS 8 CDmQDIlmcul D SQIIIl DuCc 0IIcClc0 lDW8I0 cSScuCc, 8u0 WIlh Il lhc
Ch8uCc D QcICcIVIug mc0I8lcy lh8l WhICh IS cSSculI8 ycl DlhcIWISc l8DDDc0 Dy
Uc QIDgIcSS D I8lIDu8 XuDWc0gc. hDugh Il WI uDl 8CXuDWc0gc Il, DI lhc 0IS-
cuCh8ulc0 WDI0 lhc 8Cl D 8Il IS 8u DuU8gc, 8u 8HcIIm8gc D cuCh8ulmcul, WhICh
Il 0OS uDl lDcI8lc. , hDWcVcI, 8Il uuDIuChIugy 8CquIcSCcS Iu lhIS 8u0 QDSIlS Il-
Sc DIu0y 8S SDICcIy, Il 0cgI80cS IlSc lD 8u 8Cl D IuSIDu Iu DQQDSIlIDu lD IlS
DWu C8Im lD lIulh 8u0 uu0cImIucS IlSc WIlh 8 Vcugc8uCc. u lhc mI0Sl D lhc 0IS-
cuCh8ulc0 WDI0 cVcu lhc mDSl 8uSlcIc I0c8 D 8Il, 0IVcSlc0 D cVcIy CDuSD8lIDu,
SDuu0S IDm8ulIC. McgcS QhIDSDQhIC8 hISlDIy D 8!l, WhICh CDuSlIucS IDm8ulIC
8!l 8S 8IlS Du8 Qh8Sc, IS CDuDImc0 cVcu Dy 8ulIIDm8ulIC 8Il, lhDugh Iu0cc0 Il IS
Duy UIDugh IlS 08IXucSS lh8l lhIS Ml C8u Dulm8ucuVcI lhc 0cmySlIDc0 WDI0 8u0
C8uCc lhc SQc lh8l lhIS WDI0 C8SlS Dy lhc DVcIWhcmIug DICc D IlS 8QQc8I8uCc,
1HL LL Y, 1HL BLAL1llLL, ANO 1LLHNlQLL ' JV
lDc clISD CD8I8ClcI O lDc COmmOCIlj. j lDcII VcIj cXISlcBCc 8IIWOIKS QOSlu8lc
IDc cXISlcBCc O WD8l COcS BOl cXISl 8BC lDcIcDj COmc IBlO COBDICl WIlD lDc 8l-
lcIS 8Clu8 BOBcXISlcBCc. Xcl lDIS COBDICl IS BOl lO Dc COBCcIVcC IB lDc m8BBcI O
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IS lIuc. D8l IS IcQuISIlc O lDc 8IIISlIC 8Cl BO OB_cI COBVcI_cS WIlD lDc DISlOIIC8
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8W8yS Sccm lD h8Vc ]uSl cuDugh 8V8I8Dc lcChuIQuc 8u0 uD mDIc lh8u IS IcQuIIc0
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lDc 8IIWOIK SccmS lO Dc lDc OQQOSIlc O WD8l IS uOl m80c, u8luIc. PS QuIc 8ulIlDc-
ScS, DOWcVcI, c8CD IccIS lO lDc OUcI. u8luIc lO lDc cXQcIIcuCc O 8 mc0I8lc0 8u0
OD]cClIDc0 WOI0, Ihc 8IlWOIK lO u8luIc 8S lDc mc0I8lc0 QcuIQOlculI8Ij O Immc-
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uOlDIu_ Iu lDc WOI0 IS WOIlDj O 8llculIOu cXCcQl lD8l OI WDICD lDc 8ulOuOmOuS
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hc 8IlWDIK, lhIDugh 8uC lhIDugh 6oc,SDmclhIug hum8u, IS lhc QcuIQDlcu-
lI8Ij D oc,D Wh8l IS uDl mcIcj DI lhc SuD]cCl, D Wh8l, Iu 8ulI8u lcImS,
WDuC Dc lhc lhIug IlSc. hc ICculIlj D lhc 8IlWDIK WIlh lhc SuD]cCl IS 8S CDm-
Qclc 8S lhc ICculIlj D u8luIc WIlh IlSc ShDuC SDmc C8j Dc. hc IDcI8lIDu D m
IDm lhc hclcIDuDmj D lhc m8lcII8, cSQcCI8j D u8luI8 DD]cClS, 8S Wc 8S lhc
IIghl lD l8Kc cVcIy QDSSIDc DD]cCl 8S 8u DD]cCl D 8Il, DISl m8Cc Ml m8SlcI D IlSc
8uC cXQuugcC HDm Il lhc I8WucSS D Wh8l IS uumcCI8lcC Dj SQIIIl. MDWcVcI, lhc
CDuISc D lhIS QIDgIcSS, WhICh QDWcC uuCcI cVcIjlhIug lh8l CIC uDl 8CCDmmD08lc
lD ICculIlj WIlh SQIIIl, W8S 8SD 8 CDuISc D CcV8Sl8lIDu. hIS h8S Dccu Wc CDCu-
mculcC Iu lhc lWculIclh CculuIj Dj Uc cDIl lD IcCDVcI 8ulhculIC 8IlWDIKS lh8l
SuCCumDcC lD lhc lcIIDI D ICc8ISmS SCDD. 8I I8uS SDughl lD IcSCuc IuguISlIC
DD]cClS 8S 8 Q8Il D hIS VIuCIC8lIDu D Wh8l C8QIl8ISm h8S DQQIcSScC. 8uIm8, 8uC-
SC8Qc, WDm8u. hc IcDIIcul8lIDu D 8cSlhclIC lhcDIj lDW8IC u8luI8 Dc8ulj IS 8-
IcC WIlh I8uSS cDIl. Mcgc DDVIDuSj 8CKcC lhc ScuSIDIIlj uccCcC lD IcCDg-
uIZc lh8l gcuuIuc cXQcIIcuCc D 8Il IS uDl QDSSIDc WIlhDul lhc cXQcIIcuCc D lh8l
cuSIVc CImcuSIDu WhDSc u8mcu8luI8 Dc8uljh8C 8CcC. 1c SuDSl8ulI8Ilj
D lhc cXQcIIcuCc D u8luI8 Dc8ulj, hDWcVcI, Ic8ChcS CccQ IulD mD0cH 8Il. u
IDuSl, WhDSc RechercheIS 8u 8IlWDIK 8uC 8 mcl8QhjSICS D 8Il, lhc cXQcIIcuCc D
8 h8WlhDDc hcCgc DguIcS 8S 8 uuC8mcul8 QhcuDmcuDu D 8cSlhclIC CDmQDIl-
mcul. PulhculIC 8IlWDIKS, WhICh hDC 8Sl lD lhc ICc8 D IcCDuCII8lIDu WIlh u8luIc
Dj m8KIug lhcmScVcS CDmQclcj 8 ScCDuC u8luIc, h8Vc CDuSISlculj cl lhc uIgc,
8S I Iu uccC D 8 DIc8lh D IcSh 8II, lD SlcQ DulSICc D lhcmScVcS. bIuCc ICculIlj IS
uDl lD Dc lhcII 8Sl WDIC, lhcj h8Vc SDughl CDuSD8lIDu Iu DISl u8luIc. huS lhc 8Sl
8Cl D liurc IS Q8jcC Dul D CDDIS, 8uC Iu lreischtzPg8lhc, Sl8uCIug Du lhc
D8CDuj, SuCCcuj DcCDmcS 8W8Ic D lhc Sl8IIj uIghl. hc cXlcul lD WhICh lhIS l8K-
Iug 8 DIc8lh CcQcuCS Du Wh8l IS mcCI8lcC, Du lhc WDIC D CDuVculIDuS, IS uum1S-
l8K8Dc. LVcI Dug QcIIDCS lhc ccIug D u8luI8 Dc8uly IulcuSIDcC WIlh lhc SucI-
Iug D lhc SuD]cCl lhIDWu D8CK Du hImSc Iu 8 m8ugcC 8uC 8CmIuISlcIcC WDIC,
lhc cXQcIIcuCc Dc8IS lhc m8IK D clSChmcIZ. LVcu 8ul h8C mISgIVIugS 8DDul
8Il m8Cc Dj hum8u DcIugS 8uC CDuVculIDu8j DQQDScC lD u8luIc. `hc SuQcIIDIIlj
D u8luI8 Dc8ulj DVcI lh8l D 8Il, u8mcj, lh8lcVcu I 8Il WcIc lD cXCc u8UIc Iu
DIm~Il IS lhc Duj Dc8ulj lh8l 8IDuScS 8 CIIcCl IulcIcSl, 8gIccS WIlh lhc IcDucC
8uC SDIC W8j D lhIuKIug D 8 QcDQc WhD h8Vc CulIV8lcC lhcII mDI8 ccIug.'
McIc Il IS HDuSSc8u WhD SQc8KS, 8uC uD cSS Iu lhc DDWIug SculcuCc. P m8u
WhD h8S l8Slc cuDugh lD ]uCgc lhc QIDCuClS D Duc 8Il WIlh lhc gIc8lcSl CDHcClucSS
8uC IcDucmcul m8j SlI Dc g8C lD c8Vc 8 IDDm Iu WhICh hc DuCS lhDSc Dc8ulIcS
lh8l mIuISlcI lD V8uIlj 8uC QcIh8QS lD SDCI8 ]DjS, 8uC lD luH IuSlc8C lD lhc Dc8ulI-
u Iu u8luIc, Iu DICcI lD DuC lhcIc, 8S Il WcIc, 8 VDuQluDuSucSS DI lhc mIuC Iu 8
lI8Iu D lhDughl lh8l hc C8u ucVcI uj um8Vc. lh8l IS hDW hc ChDDScS, Wc Sh8
DuIScVcS Icg8IC lhIS ChDICc D hIS WIlh cSlccm 8uC 8SSumc lh8l hc h8S 8 Dc8ulIu
SDu, SuCh 8S uD CDuuDISScuI 8uC DVcI D 8Il C8u C8Im lD h8Vc DcC8uSc D lhc Iu-
lcIcSl hc l8KcS Iu hIS DD]cClS.~ hc gcSluIc D SlcQQIug Dul IulD lhc DQcu IS Sh8IcC
| NA1UAL BLAL1Y
Dj lDcSc lDcDIclIC8 SculcuCcS WIlD lDc 8IlWDIXS D lDcII lImc. 8ul D0gc0 lDc
SuDImc~8u0 QIDD8Dj 8Dug WIlD Il 8 D8ulj lD8l IIScS 8DDVc lDc mcIc Q8j D
DIm-Iu u8luIc. j CDuU8Sl, Mcgc 8u0 DIS gcucI8lIDu 8CDIcVc0 8 CDuCcQl D 8Il
lD8l 0I0 uDl ~8S 8uj CDI0 D lDc cIgDlcculD CculuIj lDDX DI gI8ulc0 ~mIuISlcI
lD V8uIlj 8u0 SDCI8 ]DjS. ul lDcj lDcIcDj mISSc0 lDc cXQcIIcuCc lD8l IS SlI
cXQIcSSc0 uuIcScIVc0j Dj 8ul Iu lDc DDuIgcDIS IcVDulIDu8Yj SQIIIl lD8l Dc0 lDc
Dum8uj m80c DI 8IDc au0 lD8l, DcC8uSc lDc Dum8uj m80c W8S ucVcI lDDugDl
Dj lD DcCDmc ScCDu0 u8luIc, gu8I0c0 lDc Im8gc D DISl u8luIc.
Dc 0cgIcc lD WDICD lDc CDuCcQl D u8luI8 Dc8ulj D8S Dccu DISlDIIC8j U8uS-
DImc0 IS m80c mDSl SUIXIugj cVI0cul Dj lDc 8Cl lD8l Il W8S QIDD8Dj Duj Iu lDc
CDuISc D lDc uIuclcculD CculuIj lD8l lDc CDuCcQl W8S cu8Igc0 Dj 8 ucW 0Dm8Iu.
lDc CuluI8 8u0SC8Q, 8u 8IlI8ClIlIDuS 0Dm8Iu U8l muSl 8l hISl Sccm lDl8j DQ-
QDSc0 lD u8luI8 D8ulj. MISlDIIC8 WDIXS 8Ic Dlcu CDuSI0cIc0 Dc8ulIH lD8l D8Vc
SDmc Ic8lIDu lD lDcII gcDgI8QDIC8 ScllIug, 8S DI IuSl8uCc DISI0c lDWuS U8l 8Ic
Ic8lc0 lD lDcII ScllIug Dj lDc uSc D IlS SlDuc. P 8W D DIm 0DcS uDl, 8S Iu 8Yl, QIc-
0DmIu8lc Iu lDcm, lDcj 8Ic Sc0Dm Q8uuc0, 8lDDugD SDmclImcS lDc ccCl D 8
Q8u IS QID0uCc0 Dj lDc 8II8ugcmcul D lDc lDWu 8YDuu0 8 CDuICD DI m8IXclQ8Cc,
]uSl 8S cCDuDmIC-m8lcII8 CDu0IlIDuS 8l DmcS SQ8Wu 8YlISlIC DImS. LcIl8Iuj lDcSc
CuluI8 8D0SC8QcS 0D uDl Dc8I lDc CD8I8ClcI D IuVID8DIIlj lD8l lDc 8CCcQlc0
VIcW 8SSDCI8lcS WIlD u8luI8 Dc8ulj. LugI8Vc0 8S lDcII cXQIcSSIDu IS DISlDIj, 8u0
cugI8Vc0 8S lDcII DIm IS DISlDIIC8 CDulIuuIlj, WDICD IulcgI8lcS lDc 8u0SC8QcS
0ju8mIC8j 8S Iu 8IIWDIXS. Dc 0ISCDVcIj D lDIS 8cSlDclIC 0ImcuSIDu 8u0 IlS 8Q-
QIDQII8lIDu UIDugD lDc CDcClIVc ScuSDIIum 08lcS D8CX lD IDm8ulICISm, QIDD8Dj
InlI8 lO lhC Cul O lhC HIu. Ilh lhC CO8Q8C O tOm8nlICI8m, IDaI hDtId dO-
mmu, CuluI8 8u0SC8Qc, 0clcIIDI8lc0 IulD 8u 80VcIlISIug gImmICX DI DIg8u cSlI-
V8S 8u0 QDDuj ScCuIIlj, lDc QIcV8IIug uID8uISm 8DSDIDS 8S IlS I0cDDgIC8 CDm-
Qcmcul WD8lcVcI HhS lDc 0cSI0cI8l8 D uID8u Ic WIlDDul Dc8Dug lDc SlIgm8l8
D m8IXcl SDIclj Du IlS DIcDc80. ul I 8 D80 CDuSCIcuCc IS lDcIcDIc 80mIXc0
WIlD lDc ]Dj D c8CD D0 W8 8u0 c8CD gIDuQ D mc0IcV8 DDuScS, lDc Qc8SuIc SuI-
VIVcS lDc IuSIgDl lD8l m8XcS Il SuSQICIDuS. bD Dug 8S QIDgIcSS, 0cDImc0 Dj ulII-
l8YI8uISm, 0DcS VIDcuCc lD lDc SuI8Cc D IDc c8IlD, Il WI Dc ImQDSSIDcIu SQIlc
D 8 QIDD lD lDc CDuU8Yj ~CDmQclcj lD CDuulcI Uc QcICcQlIDu lD8l WD8l Mlc-
08lcS lDc Ucu0 IS Iu IlS D8CXW8I0ucSS DcllcI 8u0 mDIc Dum8uc. 8lIDu8IZ8lIDu IS
uDl jcl I8lIDu8, lDc uuIVcIS8Ilj D mc0I8lIDu D8S jcl lD Dc U8uSDImc0 IulD IVIug
Ic, 8u0 lDIS cu0DWS lDc U8CcS D Immc0I8Cj, DDWcVcI 0uDIDuS 8u0 8ulIqu8lc0,
WIlD 8u ccmcul D CDIIcClIVc ]uSlICc. Dc DugIug lD8l IS 8SSu8gc0 au0 DcU8jc0
Dj lDcm 8u0 m80c QDICIDuS lDIDugD SQuIIDuS HDmcul IS ucVcIlDccSS cgIlI-
m8lc0 Dj lDc 0cuI8 D gI8lIhC8lIDu CDulIuu8j ImQDSc0 Dj lDc Sl8luS QuD. ul
QcID8QS lDc mDSl QIDDuu0 DICc D IcSISl8uCc SlDIc0 Iu Uc CuldI8 8u0SC8Qc IS
lDc cXQIcSSIDu D DISlDIj lD8l IS CDmQcIug, 8cSlDclIC8j, DcC8uSc Il IS clCDc0 Dj
lDc Ic8 SucIIug D Uc Q8Sl. Dc HguIc D Uc CDuSU8Iuc0 gIVcS D8QQIucSS D-
C8uSc lDc DICc D CDuSU8Iul muSl uDl Dc DIgDllcu, IlS Im8gcS 8 mcmculD. Dc
NATALBLAU
_

CuluI8 8u0SC8Q, WhICh IcScmDcS 8 IuIu cVcu Whcu Uc hOuScS SlI Sl8u0, cm-
DO0IcS 8 W8Iu Mcul lh8l h8S SIuCc 8cu mulc. lO08j lhc 8cSlhclIC Ic8lIOu
lO lhc Q8Sl IS QOISOuc0 Dj 8 Ic8ClIOu8Ij lcu0cuCj WIlh WhICh lhIS Ic8lIOu IS Iu
c8guc, 8u 8hISlOIIC8 8cSlhclIC COuSCIOuSucSS lh8l SWccQS 8SI0c lhc 0ImcuSIOu O
lhc QBSl 8S IuDDISh IS uO DllcI. IlhOul hISlOIIC8 IcmcmDI8uCc lhcIc WOu0 Dc uO
Dc8ulj. hc Q8Sl, 8u0 WIlh Il lhc CuI8 8u0SC8Q, WOu0 Dc 8CCOI0c0 guIlcSSj
lO 8 IDI8lc0 hum8uIlj, Hcc cSQcCI8j O u8HOu8ISm. h8l 8QQc8IS uul8mc0 Iu
u8luIc 8u0 IcHOlc IOH hISlOIj, DcOugS ~QOcmIC8j SQc8KIug ~lO 8 hISlOIIC8
Qh8Sc Iu WhICh lhc SOCI8 WcD IS SO 0cuScj WOVcu lh8l lhc IVIug c8I 0c8lh Dj
SuOC8HOu. ImcS Iu WhICh u8luIc COuIOulS m8u OVcIQOWcIIugj 8OW uO IOOm
OI u8I8 D8ulj, 8S IS Wc KuOWu, 8gIICul0I8 OCCuQ8lIOuS, Iu WhICh u8luIc 8S
Il 8QQ8S IS 8u Immc0I8lc OD]cCl O 8ClIOu, 8OW Illc 8QQIcCI8lIOu OI M0SC8Qc.
8lu Dc8ulj, QuIQOIlc0j 8hISlOIIC8, IS 8l IlS COIc hISlOIIC8, lhIS cgIlIm8lcS 8l
Uc S8mc lImc lh8l Il Ic8lIVIZcS lhc COuCcQl. hcIcVcI u8luIc W8S uOl 8Clu8j
m8SlcIc0, lhc Im8gc O IlS uul8mc0 COu0IlIOu lcDIHc0. hIS cXQ8IuS lhc SU8ugc
QIc0IcClIOu O c8IIcI CculuIIcS OI SjmmcUIC8 8II8ugcHculS O u8luIc. u Sjm-
Q8lhj WIlh lhc SQIIIl O uOmIu8ISm, lhc SculImcul8 cXQIIcuCc O u8luIc 0cIghlc0
Iu lhc IUcgu8I 8u0 uuSChcm8lIC. hc QIO@cSS O CIVIIZ8lIOu, hOWcVcI, c8SIj
0cCcIVcS hum8u DcIugS 8S lO hOW VuucI8Dc lhcj Icm8Iu cVcu uOW. LcIghl Iu
u8l0Ic W8S DOuu0 uQ WIlh lhc COuCcQlIOu O lhc SuD]cCl 8S DIug-OI-IlSc 8u0
VIIlu8j IuHuIlc Iu IlSc, 8S SuCh lhc SuD]cCl QIO]cClc0 IlSc OulO u8luD 8u0 Iu IlS
ISO8lIOu cl COSc lO Il, lhc SuD]cClS QOWcIcSSucSS Iu 8 SDIclj QcUIHc0 IulO 8
ScCOu0 u8l0Ic DcCOmcS lhc mOlOI O lhc HIghl IulO 8 QuIQOIlc0j hISl u8l0Ic. u
8ul, 8S 8 Sul O lhc SuD]cCl S COuSCIOuSucSS O Icc0Om, lhc c8 O u8luIc S
OICc Dcg8u lO DcCOmc 8u8ChIOuISlIC, lhIS COuSCIOuSucSS O Icc0Om, hOWcVcI,
g8Vc W8j lO lhc SuD]cClS 8uXIclj Iu lhc 8Cc O QcIcuuI8 uuHcc0Om. u lhc cXQc-
IIcuCc O u8luI8 Dc8uly, COuSCIOuSucSS O Dcc0Om 8u0 8uXIcly uSc. hc cSS Sc-
CuIc lhc cXQcIIcuCc O u8luI8 Dc8ulj, lhc mOIc Il IS QIc0IC8lc0 Ou 8Il. cI8Iuc S
8 mcI cSl QuS Dcc Quc cS C8lhc0I8cS IS IulOuc0 HOm lhc V8ul8gc QOIul O 8
hIgh CIVIIZ8lIOu 8u0 CIc8lcS8S IS lhc C8Sc WhcucVcI u8luIc IS IuVOKc0 h lhIOW
Ighl Ou lhc WOI0 hum8u bIugS h8Vc m80c8 S8ul8Ij c8I.
JuSl hOW DOuu0 uQ u8luI8 D8ulj IS WIU 8Il Dc8ulj IS COuHImc0 Dj lhc cXQcII-
cuCc O lhc OImcI. tOI Il, u8luIc IS cXCuSIVcj 8QQc8I8uCc, ucVcI lhc Slu O
8DOI 8u0 lhc IcQIO0uClIOu O Ic, cl 8Ouc lhc SuDSU8lum O SCIcuCc. LIKc lhc
cXQcIIcuCc O 8Il, lhc 8cSlhclIC cXQcIIcuCc O u8l0Ic IS lh8l O Im8gcS. 8luIc, 8S
8QQc8IIug Dc8ulj, IS uOl QcICcIVc0 8S 8u OD]cCl O 8ClIOu. hc SOughIug O O lhc
8ImS O Sc-QIcScIV8lIOu~WhICh IS cmQh8lIC Iu 8IlIS C8IIIc0 Oul lO lhc S8mc
0cgIcc Iu 8cSlhclIC cXQcIIcuCc O u8luIc. O lhIS cXlcul lhc 0IcIcuCc DclWccu lhc
lWO OImS O Dc8ulj IS h8I0j cVI0cul. Nc0I8HOu IS uO cSS lO D IucDc0 IOm lhc
Ic8lIOu O M lO u8l0Ic lh8u IOm lhc IuVcISc Ic8lIOu. P IS uOl u8luIc, 8 DcIc
lh8l I0c8ISm hOQ0 lO IuCuC8lc, Dul 8Il 0OS W8ul lO KccQ u8luIc S QIOmISc. l IS
C8Q8Dc O lhIS Ouj Dj DIc8KIug lh8l QIOmISc, Dj l8KIug Il D8CK IulO IlSc. hIS
c NA1UBLAU1Y
muCh lS Uc lu McgcSlhcOIcm lh8l8IllS luSQlIc0 Dj ucg8llVllj, SQcClDC8j Dj
lhc0cDClcuCj Ou8luI8 Dc8ulj,lulhc ScuSc lh8l SO Oug 8Su8luIclS 0cDuc0Ouj
lhIOugh llS 8ulllhcSlS lO SOClclj, ll lS uOl jcl Wh8l ll 8QQc8IS lO Dc. h8l u8luIc
SlIlVcSOIluV8lu,8IlWOIKS HD. hcj OQcu lhclIcjcS. LuCc lluO OugcI ScIVcS
8S 8u OD]cCl O8CllOu,8QQc8Ilugu8luIcllSclmQ8IlS cXQIcSSlOu,WhclhcIlh8lO
mc8uChOj,Qc8Cc, OI SOmclhlug cSc. PIl Sl8u0S lu OI u8luIc UIOugh llS 8DOl-
llOulucDgj,8u8luI8lSllC8IllS Ouj0cCcQllVcjCOSclOu8luIcDcC8uSc,8u8O-
gOuS lO lu0uSUj, llIccg8lcS u8luIc lO I8W m8lcIl8. hc IcSlSl8uCc lO cmQlIlC8
Ic8lljIh8llhc SuD]cClm8ISh8S luIhc 8ulOuOmOuSWOIK lS 8l lhc S8mc llmcIcSlS-
I8uCc lO lhc lmmc0l8lc 8QQc8I8uCc O u8luIc. tOI Wh8l DcCOmcS QcICcQllDc lu
u8luIc uO mOIc COluCl0cS Wllh cmQlIlC8 Ic8llj lh8u 0OcS8CCOI0lug lO 8ul S
gI8u0j Q8I80OXlC8COuCcQllOuUcUlugllScWllhlhc WOD0 O`QhcuOmcu8,
lhcC8lcgOIl8jCOuSlllulc0OD]cClS.JuSl8Sluc8IjDOuIgcOlSllmcSu80I8 Dc8ulj
OIlglu8lc0IOmlhchlSlOIlC8QIOgIcSSO8Il,lhlS QIOgIcSSh8S SluCcgu8Wc0 8W8j
8l u8luI8 Dc8ulj, SOmclhlug O lhlS m8j h8Vc Dccu 0lSlOIlc0j 8ullClQ8lc0 lu
McgcS 0cQIcCl8llOu O u8luI8 Dc8ulj. H8llOu8llj lh8l h8S DcCOmc 8cSlhcllC, 8
0lSQOSlllOuOVcIm8lcIl8Slh8lDlSlhcmlOgclhcI8CCOI0luglOlhclIOWulmm8ucul
lcu0cuClcS,lS ullm8lcjSlml8IlO lhc u8luI8 ccmcullu8cSlhcllCCOmQOIlmcul.
Qu8Sl-I8llOu8 lcu0cuClcS lu 8Il~lhc OulCOmc O SuD]cCllVlZ8llOu~SuCh 8S lhc
CIlllC8 Ic]cCllOu OlOQOl, lhc COmQclc lulcD8 OIg8ulZ8llOu O lu0lVl0u8 WOIKS
QIOgIcSSlVcj 8QQIOXlm8lc, lhOugh uOl Dj lmll8llOu, SOmclhlug u8luI8 lh8l h8S
Dccu Vclc0Djlhc m8SlcIj OlhcOmulQOlcul SuD]cCl, l8ujWhcIc,lhcu lllS lu8II
lh8l `OIlglu lSIhcgO8.`h8lUc cXQcIlcuCc Ou8luI8Dc8ulj,8lc8Sl 8CCOI0lug
lO llS SuD]cCllVc COuSClOuSucSS,lScullIcj 0lSlluCl IOm lhc 0Omlu8llOuOu8luIc,
8S llhc cXQcIlcuCc WcIc 8l Ouc Wllh lhc QIlmOI0l8 OIlglu, m8IKS Oul DOlh lhc
SlIcuglh 8u0 Uc Wc8KucSS Olhc cXQcIlcuCc. llS SlIcuglh, DcC8uSc ll IcCOcClS 8
WOI0WllhOul0Omlu8llOu,Ouclh8lQtOD8DjucVcIcXlSlc0, llSWc8KucSS,DcC8uSc
lhIOugh lhlS IcCOcCllOu ll 0lSSOVcS D8CK lulO Ih8l 8mOIQhOuSucSS Oul O WhlCh
gculuS OuCc 8IOSc 8u0 OI Ihc DISl llmc DcC8mc COuSClOuS O lhc l0c8 OHcc0Om
lh8l COu0 Dc Ic8lZc0 lu8WOI0IccHOm0Omlu8llOu.hc8u8mucSlSOHcc0Om
lu u8luI8Dc8ulj 0cCclVcSDcC8uScll SccKS Hcc0OmlulhcO0uuIcc0Om.8luI8
Dc8ulj lS mjlh lI8uSQOSc0 lulO lhc lm8glu8llOu 8u0 lhuS, QcIh8QS,Icgullc0. hc
SOug ODlI0S lS Ouu0Dc8ullu Dj cVcIjOuc, uO cclug QcISOu lu WhOm SOmc-
lhlugOlhc LuIOQc8u lI80lllOu SuIVlVcS8lSlO Dc mOVc0 Dj Ihc SOuu0O8IODlu
8lcI8I8lu ShOWcI. 3cl SOmclhlug Ilghlculug uIKS lulhc SOugODlI0SQIcClScj
DcC8uSclllSuOl8SOugDulODcjSlhcSQcluWhlChlllScumcShc0.hcIlghl8Q-
Qc8IS 8S Wc lulhc lhIc8lOm1gI8lOIj DOCKS,WhlCh DcSQc8K8uClcul0lVlu8llOuS,
OIcVcI QIcS8glug l OIluuc.llh Icg8I0 lO llS COulcul,lhc 8mDlgullj Ou8luI8
Dc8ulj h8S llS OIlglu lu mjlhlC8 8mDlgullj. hlS lS Whj gculuS, OuCc ll h8S Dc-
COmc8WMc OllSc,lS uOOugcIS8llSDc0 Wllh u8luI8 Dc8ulj. PSllSQIOScCh8I-
8ClcIlulcuSlDcS,8IIcXUlC8lcSllScCOmQclcjIOmmjlh8u0UuSHOmlhc SQ
O u8luIc, WhlCh ucVcIlhccSS COulluucS lu lhc SuD]cCllVc 0Omlu8llOu O u8luIc.
NA1LKAL BLAL1Y c

Luj Wh8l h80 cSC8Qc0 u8luIc 8S 8lc WOu0 hcQ u8luIc lO IlS IcSlIlulIOu. hc
mOIc lh8l 8Il IS lhOIOughj OIg8uIZc0 8S 8u OD]cCl Dj lhc SuD]cCl 8u0 0IVcSlc0 O
lhc SuD]cCl S IulculIOuS, lhc mOIc 8IlICu8lcj 0OcS Il SQc8K 8CCOI0Iug lO lhc mO0c
O 8 uOuCOuCcQlu8, uOuIIgI0IDc0 SIguIhC8lIVc 8ugu8gc, lhIS WOu0 QcIh8QS Dc
lhc S8mc 8ugu8gc lh8l IS IuSCIIDc0 Iu Wh8l lhc SculImcul8 8gc g8Vc lhc Dc8ulIH
I lhIc80D8Ic u8mc, hc OOK O P8luIc. POug lhc lI8]cClOIj O IlS I8lIOu8Ilj
8u0 lhIOugh Il, hum8uIlj DcCOmcS 8Wmc Iu 8Il O Wh8l I8lIOu8Ilj h8S cI8Sc0 IOm
mcmOIj 8u0 O Wh8l IlS ScCOu0 IcHcClIOu ScIVcS lO IcmIu0 uS. Jhc V8uIShIug QOIul
O lhIS 0cVcOQmcul 80mIllc0j M 8SQcCl Ouj O mO0cD 8HIS lhc IuSIghl lh8l
u8luIc, 8S SOmclhIug Dc8ulIu, C8uuOl Dc COQIc0. OI u8luI8 Dc8ulj 8S SOmclhIug
lh8l 8QQc8IS IS IlSc Im8gc. lS QOIU8j8 IS 8 l8ulOOgj lh8l, Dj OD]cClIjIug Wh8l
8QQc8IS, cImIu8lcS Il. hc h8I0j cSOlcIIC ]u0gmcul lh8l Q8IulIugS O lhc N8llcI-
hOD 8u0 QuQc hc8lhcI 8Ic KIlSCh h8S 8 SCOQc Ic8ChIug 8I DcjOu0 lhc 0ISQ8jc0
SuD]cCl m8llcI. h8l IS IuucIV8lc0 Iu lhc IcSQOuSc IS, uucQuIVOC8j, lh8l u8luI8
Dc8ulj C8uuOl Dc COQIc0. hc uuc8SIucSS lhIS C8uScS 8IcS uQ Ouj Iu lhc 8Cc O
cXlIcmc CIu0cucSS, c8VIug lhc l8Slcu ZOuc O u8luIc ImIl8lIOuS 8 Uc mOIc Sc-
CuIc. Jhc gIccu OIcSl O LcIm8u ImQIcSSIOuISm IS O uO hIghcI 0IguIlj lh8u lhOSc
VIcWS O lhc DuIgSScc Q8Iulc0 OI hOlc ODDIcS. IcuCh ImQIcSSIOuISlS, Dj COu-
lI8Sl, KucW VcIj Wc Whj lhcj SO Sc0Om ChOSc QuIc u8luIc 8S 8 SuD]cCl, Whj,
Whcu lhcj 0I0 uOl luD lO 8IlIhCI8 SuD]cClS IKc D8cIIu8S 8u0 I8CIug ]OCKcjS OI
lhc 0c80 u8luIc O bIScj S WIulcI SCcucS, lhcj IulcISQcISc0 lhcII M0SC8QcS WIlh
cmDcmS O CIVIIZ8lIOu lh8l COuUIDulc0 lO lhc COuSlIuClIVc SKcclOuIZ8lIOu O
OIm, 8S ISS8IIO 0I0, OI cX8mQc. l IS h8I0 lO 0clcImIuc lhc cXlcul lO WhICh lhc
IulcuSIjIug l8DOO Ou lhc IcQIC8lIOu O u8luIc 8cClS IlS Im8gc. IOuSlS IuSIghl
lh8l bcuOII U8uSOImc0 lhc QcICcQlIOu O u8luIc uOl Ouj OcIS lhc COuSO8lIOu
lh8l lhc WIIlcI ImDIDc0 IOm ImQIcSSIOuISm, Il 8SO ImQIcS hOIIOI. lh8l lhc IcIDC8-
lIOu O Ic8lIOu8 DclWccu hum8uS WOu0 COul8mIu8lc 8 cXQIIcuCc 8u0 IlcI8j
DcCOmc 8DSOulc. Jhc 8Cc O lhc mOSl Dc8ulIH gII DcCOmcS ugj Dj 8 SlIIKIug
IcScmD8uCc lO lhc 8Cc O 8 Dm Sl8I Ou WhOm Il W8S C8Icuj mO0cc0. LVcu
Whcu u8luIc IS cXQcIIcuCc0 8S SQOul8ucOuSj Iu0IVI0u8lc0, 8S I Il WcIc QIOlcClc0
IOm 80mIuISlI8lIOu, lhc 0cCcQlIOu IS QIc0ICl8Dc. P8luI8 Dc8ulj, Iu lhc 8gc O IlS
lOl8 mc0I8lc0ucSS, IS lI8uSOImc0 IulO 8 C8IIC8luIc O IlSc, uOl lhc c8Sl O Uc
C8uScS OI lhIS IS lhc 8Wc cl OI u8luI8 Dc8ulj, WhICh ImQOScS 8SCclICISm Ou IlS
COulcmQ8lIOu OI 8S Oug 8S Il IS OVcI8I0 WIlh Im8gcS O DcIug 8 COmmO0Ilj.
LVcu Iu lhc Q8Sl lhc QOIlI8j8 O u8luIc W8S QIOD8Dj Ouj 8ulhculIC 8S nutare
mcrte. Whcu Q8IulIug KucW lO Ic80 u8luIc 8S lhc CIQhcI O lhc hISlOIIC8, I uOl 8S
lh8l O lhc lI8uSIcuCc O cVcIjlhIug hISlOIIC8. hc L0 cSl8mcul QIOhIDIlIOu Ou
Im8gcS h8S 8u 8cSlhclIC 8S Wc 8S 8 lhcOOgIC8 0ImcuSIOu. h8l Ouc ShOu0 m8Kc
uO Im8gc, WhICh mc8uS uO Im8gc c/MjlhIug Wh8lSOVcI, cXQIcSScS 8l lhc S8mc
lImc lh8l Il IS ImQOSSIDc lO m8Kc SuCh 8u Im8gc. hIOugh IlS 0uQIC8lIOu Iu M,
Wh8l 8QQc8IS Iu u8luIc IS IODDc0 O IlS DcIug-Iu-IlSc, Iu WhICh lhc cXQcIIcuCc O
u8luIc IS uDc0. PH hO0S Uuc lO 8QQc8IIug u8luIc Ouj WhcIc Il m8KcS 8u0-
8
_
NA1K BLAUY
SC8Qc QIcScul Iu lhc cXQIcSSIDu D IlS DWu ucg8lIVIlj, DICh8I0lS NcISc D0I c-
lI8Chluug VDu L8u0SCh8l-ZcIChuuugcu gcSChIIcDcu [VcIScS WIIllcu WhIc CDu-
lcmQ8lIug 8u0SC8Qc 0I8WIugS|

cXQIcSSc0 lhIS IuImIl8Dj 8u0 ShDXIugj. hcIc
Q8IulIug 8u0 u8luIc Sccm h8QQIj IcCDuCIc08S Iu LDIDllhIS IcCDuCII8lIDu IS
Xcjc0 lD lhc mDmcul8Ij. Pu cVcI8SlIug I8gI8uCc IS 8 Q8I80DX.
8luI8 Dc8ulj, SuCh 8S Il IS QcICcIVc0 uumc0I8lc0 Iu 8QQ8IIug u8luIc, IS CDmQID-
mISc0 Dj lhc bDuSSc8uI8u retcamcns.hc mISl8XcuucSS D lhc CIu0c 8ulIlhcSIS D
lcChuIQuc 8u0 u8luIc IS DDVIDuS Iu lhc 8Cl lh8l QIcCIScj u8luIc lh8l h8S uDl Dc0u
Q8CIDc0 Dj hum8u CulIV8lIDu, u8luI0 DVcI WhICh uD hum8u h8u0 h8S Q8SSc0~
8QIuc mDI8IucS 8u0 l8uScSIcScmDcS lhDSc Iu0uSlII8 mDuul8IuS D 0cDIIS HDm
WhICh lhc SDCI8j 8u0c0 8cSlhclIC ucc0 DI u8luIc HccS. JuSl hDW Iu0uSUI8 Il
DDXS Iu IuDIg8uIC DulcI SQ8Cc WI SDmc08j D0 Cc8I. LVcu Iu IlS lcuIIC cXQ8u-
SIDu, 8S lhc ImQIIul D lDl8 RChuIQuc, lhc CDuCcQl D I0jIC u8Ic WDu0 Icl8Iu
lhc QIDVIuCI8ISm D 8 mIuuSCuc IS8u0. u SChcm8 DDIIDWc0 IDm DDuIgcDIS
ScXu8 mDI8Ilj, lcChuIQuc IS S8I0 lD h8Vc I8VIShc0 u8luIc, jcl uu0cI U8uSDImc0
Ic8lIDuS D QID0uClIDu Il WDu0 ]uSl 8S c8SIj Dc 8Dc lD 8SSISl u8luIc 8u0 Du UIS
S80 c8Ilh hcQ Il lD 8ll8Iu Wh8l QcIh8QS Il W8ulS. LDuSCIDuSucSS 0DcS ]uSlICc lD lhc
cXQcDcuCc D u8luH Duj Whcu, IXc ImQIcSSIDuISl 8Il, Il IuCDIQDI8lcS u8luIc S
WDuu0S. hc IIgI0 CDuCcQl D u8luI8 Dc8ulj UcIcDj DcCDmcS 0ju8mIC. l IS
DID80cuc0 Dj Wh8l IS 8Ic80j uD DugcI u8luI0. LlhcIWISc u8luIc IS 0cgI80c0 lD 8
0cCcQlIVc Qh8ul8Sm. hc Ic8lIDu D 8QQ08IIug u8luIc lD Wh8l IS IucIl 8u0 lhIug-
IXc Iu IlS 0c80ucSS IS 8CCcSSIDc lD IlS 8cSlhclIC cXQcIIcuCc. 1DI Iu cVcIj QMICu8I
8cSlhclIC cXQcIIcuCc D u8luIc lhc SDI8 WhDc IS D0gc0. bDCIclj uDl Duj QID-
VI0cS lhc SChcm8l8 D QICcQlIDu Dul QcIcmQlDIIj 0clcImIucS Wh8l u8luIc mc8uS
lhIDugh CDuU8Sl 8u0 SImI8IIlj. LXQcIIcuCc D u8luIc IS CDCDuSlIlul00 Dj lhc C8-
Q8CIlj D 0cl0ImIu8lc ucg8lIDu. Ilh lhc cXQ8uSIDu D lcChuIQuc 8u0, cVcu mDIc
ImQDIl8ul, lhc lDl8 cXQ8uSIDu D lhc cXCh8ugc QIIuCIQc, u8luI8 Dc8ulj IuCIc8S-
Iugj uDS 8 CDulI8SlIug uuClIDu 8u0 IS UuS IulcgI8lc0 IulD lhc IcIHc0 WDI0 Il
DQQDScS. LDIuc0 Iu DQQDSIlIDu lD 8DSDulISmS WIgS 8u0 DIm8 g8I0cuS, lhc CDu-
CcQl D u8luI8 Dc8ulj DIcIlc0 IlS QDWcI, DcC8uSc DDuIgcDIS cm8uCIQ8lIDu uu0cI
lhc SIgu D lhc 8cgc0 u8I8 IIghlS D hum8u DcIugS m80c lhc WDI0 D cXQcII-
cuCc uDl cSS Dul mDIc HIDc0 lh8u Il W8S Iu lhc cIghl0culh CculuIj. hc uum00I-
8lc0 cXQcIIcuCc D u8luIc, IlS CIIlIC8 c0gc Duulc0 8u0 SuDSumc0 lD lhc cXCh8ugc
Ic8lIDu SuCh 8S IS IcQIcSculc0 Iu lhc QhI8Sc lDuIISl Iu0uSlIj , DcC8mc IuSIguID-
C8ulj ucuU8 8u0 8QDDgclIC, 8u0 u8luIc DcC8mc 8 u8luIc IcScIVc 8u0 8u 8IDI.
8luI8 Dc8ulj IS I0cDDgj WhcIc Il ScIVcS lD 0ISguISc mc0I8lc0ucSS 8S Immc0I-
8Cj. LVcu 80cQu8lc cXQDcuCc D u8luI8 Dc8ulj DDcjS lhc CDmQcmcul8Ij I0cD-
Dgj D lhc uuCDuSCIDuS. Iu XccQIug WIlh DDuIgcDIS Slm0M0S Il IS Ch8Xc0 uQ 8S
8 SQcCI8 mcIIl lh8l SDmcDuc h8S ccIug DI u8luIcWhICh IS DI lhc mDSl Q8Il 8
mDI8ISlIC-u8ICISSISlIC QDSluIIug 8S I lD S8j. h8l 8 Duc QcISDu muSl Dc lD cu]Dj
mjSc WIlh SuCh gI8lIlu0clhcu lhc VcIj ucXl SlcQ IS 8 Ic80j HSQDuSc lD SuCh
lcSlImDuIcS D ImQDVcIIShc0 cXQIIcuCc 8S 8QQcM Iu 80S Iu lhc QcISDu8 CDumu
NA1UKLBLAU1Y c
lD8l C8Im ScuSIlIVIlj lD cVcIjlDIu_ D8ulI. McIc lDc cSScuCc D lDc cXQcIIcuCc
D u8luIc IS 0cDImc0. DcIc IS D8I0j 8ujlDIu_ cl D Il Iu DI_MIZc0 lDuIISm. D
cc u8luIc, 8u0 mDSl D 8 IlS SIcuCc, D8S DcCDmc 8 I8Ic QIIVIc_c M0 D8S Iu h
DcCDmc CDmmcICI8j cXQDIl8Dc. DIS, DDWcVcI, 0DcS uDl 8mDuul lD lDc CDu-
0cmD8lIDu D lDc C8lc_DIj D u8luI8 D8ulj tcatccart.Dc 0ISIuCIu8lIDu lD l8K
8DDul Il IS SHDu_cSl WDcIc DVc D Il SuIVIVcS. Dc MDW D8ulIu 8l lDc SI_Dl
D 8 8u0SC8Qc IuSulS IlS mulc 8u_u8_c 8u0 Ic0uCcS IlS Dc8ulj, 8QQMIu_ u8luIc
W8ulS SIcuCc 8l lDc S8mc lImc lD8l 8ujDuc C8Q8Dc D IlS cXQIIcuCc ccS CDm-
Qcc0 lD SQ8K Iu DI0cI lD hu0 8 mDmcul8Ij IDcI8lIDu Dm mDu80DD_IC8 CDu-
Ducmcul. Dc Im8_c D u8luIc SuIVIVcS DcC8uSc IlS CDmQclc uc_8lIDu Iu lDc 8IlI-
8Cl uc_8lIDu lD8l IcSCucS lDIS Im8_c~IS ucCcSS8IIj DIu0 lD WD8l cXISlS DcjDu0
DDuI_cDIS SDCIclj, IlS 8DDI, 8u0 IlS CDmmD0IlIcS. D8luI8 Dc8ulj Icm8IuS lDc 8c-
_DIj D lDIS DcjDu0 Iu SQIlc D IlS mc0I8lIDu UIDu_D SDCI8 Imm8ucuCc. 1, DDW-
cVcI, lDIS 8c_DIj WcIc SuDSlIlulc0 8S lDc 8CDIcVc0 Sl8lc D IcCDuCII8lIDu, Il
WDu0 Dc 0c@80c0 8S 8u 8I0 DI CD8KIu_ 8u0 c_IlIm8lIu_ Uc uuIcCDuCIc0 WDI0
8S Duc Iu WDICD~8S lDc C8Im _OS~Dc8ulj IS Iu0cc0 QDSSIDc.
Dc LD DDW Dc8ulI, WDICD 8CCDI0Iu_ lD 8 VcISc D IIc0DCD McDDc 0ISluIDS
lDc CccDI8lIDu D u8luIc ,
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IS 8QQIDQII8lc lD lDc lcuSc CDuCcuH8HDu VIS-8-VIS M-
WDIKS, uDl u8luH. 1lS Dc8ulj IS DllcI KDDWu lDIDu_D uuCDuSCIDuS 8QQICcQlIDu,
Iu lDc CDulIuuIlj D SuCD QICcQlIDu u8luI8 Dc8ulj uuD0S, SDmclImcS Su00cuj.
Dc mDIc IulcuSIVcj Duc DDScIVcS u8luIc, lDc cSS Duc IS 8W8Ic D IlS Dc8ulj,
uucSS Il W8S 8Ic80j IuVDuul8IIj IcCD_uIZc0. 8uuc0 VISIlS lD 8mDuS VIcWS, lD
lDc 8u0mMKS D u8luI8 D8ulj, 8Ic mDSlj ulIc. D8luIc S cDQucuCc IS 08m8_c0
Dj lDc DD]cClIV8lIDu lD8l IS lDc IcSul D Slu0Ic0 DDScIV8lIDu, 8u0 ulIm8lcj SDmc-
lhIu_ D lDIS DD0S Huc 8S Wc DI 8IlWDIKS, WDICD 8Ic Duj CDmQclcj QcICcQ-
lIDc Iu temps dare, lDc CDuCcQlIDu D WDICD cI_SDu QIDD8Dj 0cIIVc0 Dm
8IlISlIC cXQcIIcuCc. hu8luIc C8u Iu 8 ScuSc Duj Dc Sccu DIu0j, lDc 8cSlDclIC
ImQI8lIVcS D uuCDuSCIDuS 8QQcICcQlIDu 8u0 IcmcmDI8uCc Mc 8l lDc S8mc lImc
8ICD8IC VcSlI_cS IuCDmQ8lIDc WIlD lDc IuCH8SIu_ m8luI8lIDu D Ic8SDu. uIc
ImDc0I8Cj 0OS uDl SuDCc DI 8cSlDclIC cXQIIcuCc. PDu_ WIlD lDc IuVDuulMj
Il IcQuIIcS VDIlIDu, CDuCcuH8Hu_ CDuSCIDuSucSS, lDc CDuH80IClIDu IS IucuCl8Dc.
P Dc8ulj IcVc8S IlSc lD QISISlcul 8u8jSIS, WDICD Iu 0 cuIICDcS lDc ccmcul
D IuVDuulMIucSS, Iu0cc0, 8u8jSIS WDu0 Dc Iu V8Iu I lDc IuVDuulM 0I0 uDl
IcSI0c DI00cu WIlDIu Il. 1u lDc 8Cc D Dc8ulj, 8u8jlIC8 IccClIDu IcCDuSlIlulcS lDc
tempsdarelDIDu_D IlS 8ulIlDcSIS. Pu8jSIS lcImIu8lcS Iu D8ulj ]uSl 8S Il Du_Dl
lD 8QQc8I lD CDmQclc 8u0 Sc-DI_cllIu_ uuCDuSCIDuS QICcQlIDu. DuS 8u8jSIS
SuD]cClIVcj Ic0cSCIIDS lDc CDuISc lD8l lDc 8IlWDIK DD]cClIVcj 0cSCIIDS WIlDIu
IlSc. P0cQu8lc KuDWc0_c D lDc 8cSlDclIC IS lDc SQDul8ucDuS CDmQclIDu D lDc
DD]cClIVc QIOcSScS lD8l, Dj VIIluc D lhc lcuSIDuS D lDIS CDmQclIDu, H8uSQIIc
WIlDIu Il. LcuclIC8j, 8cSlDclIC CDmQDIlmcul m8j IcQuIIc 8mII8IIlj WIlD u8luI8
Dc8ulj Iu CDI0DDD0 8u0 lDc 8lcI 8D8u0Dumcul D IlS I0cDD_IC8 8SQcCl Iu DI0cI lD
H8uSDIm Il IulD 8 Ic8lIDu lD 8IlI8ClS.

c NA1UKALBLAUTY
PS lhc 8ulIlhcSIS O ImmcCI8Cj 8uC COuVculIOu DcC8mc mOIc 8Culc 8uC lhc hOII-
ZOu O 8cSlhclIC cXQcIIcuCc WICcucC lO IuCuCc Wh8l 8ul C8cC lhc SuDImc, u8l-
uI8 QhcuOmcu8 OVcIWhcmIu_ Iu lhcII _I8uCcuI Dc_8u lO Dc COuSCIOuSj QcICcIVcC
8S Dc8ulIu. MISlOIIC8j lhIS 8llIluCc O COuSCIOuSucSS W8S cQhcmcI8. huS 8I
I8uSS QOcmIC8 _cuIuS~QcIh8QS Iu COuCuIIcuCc WIlh lhc mcdem sple O 8
VclcI PlcuDcI_~SQuDcC lhc Cul O _Im0IOSc 8uCSC8QcS 8uC CcIl8Iuj lOOK
uO Qc8SuIc Iu hI_h mOuul8Iu I8u_cS, WhICh QIOD8Dj QIOmQl uuCImIuIShcC ]Oj
Ouj Iu lOuIISlS, WhOm lhc CuluIc CIIlIC II_hlj SCODcC. hIS SKcQlICISm lOW8IC
u8luI8 _I8uCcuI Cc8Ij OII_Iu8lcS Iu lhc 8IlISlIC ScuSOIIum. PS IlS QOWcIS O CI-
cIculI8lIOu CcVcOQ, Il Dc_IuS lO Ic8Cl 8_8IuSl lhc QI8ClICc Iu ICc8ISl QhIOSOQhj
O cgu8lIu_ _I8uC CcSI_uS 8uC C8lc_OIIcS WIU lhc COulcul O 8IlWOIKS. hc COuu-
SIOu O lhc lWO h8S Iu lhc mc8ulImc DcCOmc lhc IuCcX O 8Il-8Icu COmQOIlmcul.
LVcu lhc 8DSU8Cl m8_uIluCc O u8luIc, WhICh 8ul SlI VcucI8lcC 8uC COmQ8IcC
lO mOI8 8W , IS IcCO_uIZcC 8S 8 IcRcX O DOuI_cOIS mc_8Om8uI8, 8 QIcOCCuQ8lIOu
WIlh ScllIu_ ucW IcCOICS, gu8ulIDC8lIOu, 8uC DOuI_cOIS hcIO WOIShIQ. hIS CII-
lIguc, hOWcVcI, 8IS lO QcICcIVc lh8l u8luI8 _I8uCcuI IcVc8S 8uOlhcI 8SQcCl lO IlS
DchOCcI. lh8l 8SQcCl Iu WhICh hum8u COmIu8lIOu h8S IlS ImIlS 8uC lh8l C8S lO
mIuC lhc QOWcIcSSucSS O hum8u DuSlc. DIS IS Whj PIclZSChc Iu bIS N8II8 cl
hImSc lO Dc `lWO lhOuS8uC mclcIS 8DOVc Sc8 cVc, Dul cVcu hI_hcI lh8u lh8l
8DOVc 8 lhIu_S hum8u. hcSc VICISSIluCcS Iu lhc cXQcIIcuCc O u8luI8 Dc8ulj
QIOhIDIl lhc cSl8DIShmcul O 8uj 8QIIOIIlj O IlS lhcOIj 8S COmQclcj 8S 8Il COcS.
hOcVcI WIShcS lO CcDuc lhc COuCcQlu8 IuV8II8ulS O u8luI8 Dc8ulj WOuC m8Kc
hImSc 8S IICICuOuS 8S MuSScI CIC Whcu hc IcQOIlS lh8l WhIc 8mDu8lIu_ hc
QcICcIVcC lhc _Iccu IcShucSS O lhc 8Wu. hOcVcI CcC8ImS Ou u8luI8 Dc8ulj
VcI_cS Ou QOcl8SlcIj. Luj lhc QcC8ul QIcSumcS lO CISlIu_uISh lhc Dc8ulIu IOm
lDc u_j Iu u8luIc, Dul WIlhOul SuCh CISlIuClIOu lhc COuCcQl O u8luI8 Dc8ulj
WOuC Dc cmQlj. PcIlhcI C8lc_OIIcS SuCh 8S OIm8 m8_uIluCc~WhICh IS COulI8-
CIClcC Dj lhc mICIOO_IC8 QcICcQlIOu O Uc Dc8ulIu Iu u8luIc, QIOD8Dj IlS mOSl
8ulhculIC OIm~uOI lhc m8lhcm8lIC8, SjmmclIIC8 QIOQOIlIOuS 8VOIcC Dj OCcI
8cSlhclICS HISh CIIlcII8 O u8luI8 Dc8ulj. PCCOICIu_ lO lhc C8uOu O uuIVcIS8
COuCcQlS Il IS uuCcDu8Dc QIcCIScj DcC8uSc IlS OWu COuCcQl h8S IlS SuDSl8uCc Iu
Wh8l WIlhCI8WS IOm uuIVcIS8 COuCcQlu8Ilj. lS cSSculI8 IuCclcImIu8lcucSS IS
m8uIcSl Iu Uc 8Cl lh8l cVcIj Q8Il O u8luIc, 8S Wc 8S cVcIjlhIu_ m8Cc Dj m8u
lD8l h8S COu_c8cC IulO u8luIc, IS 8Dc lO DcCOmc Dc8ulIu, umIuOuS IOm WIlhIu.
buCh cXQIcSSIOu h8S Illc OI uOlhIu_ lO CO WIlh OIm8 QIOQOIlIOuS. Pl lhc S8mc
lImc, hOWcVcI, cVcIj IuCIVICu8 OD]cCl O u8luIc lh8l IS cXQcIIcuCcC 8S Dc8ulIH
QIcSculS IlSc 8S I Il WcIc lhc Ouj Dc8ulIH lhIu_ Ou c8Ilh, lhIS IS Q8SScC Ou lO
cVcIj 8DWOIK. PlhOu_h Wh8l IS Dc8ulIu 8uC Wh8l IS uOl C8uuOl Dc C8lc_OIIC8j
CISlIu_uIShcC Iu u8luIc, lhc COuSCIOuSucSS lh8l ImmcIScS IlSc OVIu_j Iu SOmc-
lHIu_ Dc8ulIu IS COmQccC lO m8Kc lhIS CISlIuClIOu. P gu8Il8lIVc CISlIuClIOu Iu
u8luI8 Dc8ulj C8u Dc SOu_hl, I 8l 8, Iu lhc Cc_Icc lO WhICh SOmclhIu_ uOl m8Cc
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NA1URBLAU1Y
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B8Iut8! 8Bd ISIOtI08l 0l0m0BIS IBI0t80I IB 8 muSI08 8Bd K8l0IdOS0OQI08!ly 08Bg-
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uB08m0Bl8y U8BSDlm00. 8lul8 D08uly Su0lS lh0 S8m0 8l0 8S 0D0S 00u08-
lIDB. l IS VIl8l00 8S lh0 IB0VIl8D0 0DBS0Qu0B00 D lS 0XQ8BSIDB. MumDD0lS 00-
S0lQlIDBS D B8lul0 hD0 lh0Il DWB B 8By 0DmQ8fSDB, hIS 00QI0lIDBS D lh0 WI0y
lulDu0Bl 8y D IS08y O0uQy 8 QDSIlIDB D0lW00B 8Bl`S mDSl QDW0lu Q8S-
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8Dy DDuB0 uQ WIlh lh0Il hISlDI08 mDm0Bl. bD_0l S 8B0 M0_0S ju0_m0Bl,
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lh0 0VI Sl8l lh8l h8B_S DV0l lh0 lh0Dly D B8lul8 D08uly IS DDH0 B0Ilh0l Dy lh0
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00DBIlDBS, B8lul8 D08uly IS IB00hB8D0, 8B0 IB lhIS Il IS D8l00 lD muSI0, WhI0h
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B8lul0. JuSl 8S IB muSI0 Wh8l IS D08ulH H8Sh0S uQ IB B8luI0 DBy lD 0S8QQ08l IB
lh0 IBSl8Bl DB0 UI0S lD _l8SQ Il. P 0D0S BDl Iml8l0 B8lul0, BDl 0V0B IB0IVI0u8
IBSl8B00S D B8lul8 D08uly, Dul B8lul8 D08uly 8S Su0h. hS 00BDmB8l0S BDl DBy
lh0 8QII8 D B8luI8 D08uly Dul lh0 8QDl8 D 80Slh0lI0S 8S 8 WhD0. lS DDj00l IS
00l0lmIB00 B0_8lV0y, 8S IB00l0DB8D0. l IS Dl lhIS l08SDB lh8l M l0QuIl0S
QhDSDQhy, WhI0h IBl0lQl0lS Il IB Dl00l lD S8y Wh8l Il IS uB8D0 lD S8y, Wh0l08S M
IS DBy 8D0 lD S8y Il Dy BDl S8yIB_ Il. h0 Q8l80DX0S D 80Slh0lI0S 8l0 0I0l8l00 lD Il
Dy IlS DDj00l. 08uly 00m8B0S, Q0lh8QS, lh0 S8VISh Iml8lIDB D Wh8l IS IB00l0l-
mIB8D0 IB IB_S. hIl IS D8fD8lI0 lD S8y D SDm0lhB_ IB B8lul0 lh8l Il IS mDl0
D08ulIH lh8B SDm0lhIB_ 0S0, lh0 0DB00Ql D D08uly IB B8lul0 8S lh0 0DB00Ql D
SDm0lhIB_ lh8l 08B D0 0ISlIB_uISh0d 8S Su0h B0V0llh00SS D08lS lh8l D8lD8fISm
NA1UKALBLAU1Y
_
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lccDDgIC8j Iu IlSc, WhcIc8S lhc DguIc D lhc QhIISlIuc Icm8IuS QIDlDljQIC8j
lh8l D 8 QcISDu WhD IS DIuC lD Dc8ulj. hc DIIgIu D lhIS Q8I8CDX IS lhc cuIgm8lIC
Ch8I8ClcI D u8luIc S 8ugu8gc. hIS IuSuCIcuCj D u8luI8 Dc8ulj m8j Iu 8Cl~
Iu 8CCDIC WIlh Mcgc S lhcDIj D 8cSlhclIC Sl8gcS~h8Vc Q8jcC 8 IDc Iu mDlIV8l-
Iug cmQh8lIC 8Il. DI Iu 8Il lhc cV8ucSCcul IS DD]cClIDcC 8uC SummDucC lD CuI8-
lIDu. D lhIS cXlcul Ml IS CDuCcQl, lhDugh uDl IKc 8 CDuCcQl Iu CISCuISIVc DgIC.
hc Wc8KucSS D lhDughl Iu lhc 8Cc D u8luI8 Dc8ulj, 8 Wc8KucSS D lhc SuD]cCl,
lDgclhcI WIlh lhc DD]cClIVc IulcuSIlj D u8luI8 Dc8ulj Ccm8uC lh8l Uc cugm8lIC
Ch8I8ClcI D u8luI8 Dc8ulj Dc IcDcClcC Iu 8Il 8uC lhcIcDj Dc CclcImIucC Dj lhc
CDuCcQl, 8UDugh 8g8Iu uDl 8S SDmcUIug CDuCcQlu8 Iu IlSc. LDclhc S `8u-
CcIcIS Ighl bDug IS IuCDmQ8I8Dc uDl DcC8uSc hcIc lhc SuD]cCl SQc8KS8S Iu
8 8ulhculIC WDIKS, Il IS, I8lhcI, lh8l lhc SuD]cCl W8ulS lD 8 SIcul Dj W8j D lhc
WDIK Dul DC8uSc lhIDugh IlS 8ugu8gc lhc QDcm ImIl8lcS Wh8l IS uuullcI8Dc Iu
lhc 8ugu8gc D u8luIc. D mDIc ShDuC Dc mc8ul Dj lhc ICc8 D DD 8uC CDulcul
CDIuCICIug Iu 8 QDcm, I lhc ICc8 IlSc IS lD Dc mDIc lh8u 8 hDDW QhI8Sc.
8luI8 D8ulj IS lhc lI8Cc D Uc uDuICculIC8 Iu lhIugS uuCcI lhc SQc D uuIVcIS8
ICculIlj. PS Dug 8S lhIS SQc QIcV8IS, lhc uDuICculIC8 h8S uD QDSIlIVc cXISlcuCc.
hcIcDIc u8luI8 Dc8ulj Icm8IuS 8S CISQcIScC 8uC uuCcIl8Iu 8S Wh8l Il QIDm-
IScS, lh8l WhICh SuIQ8SScS 8 hum8u Imm8ucuCc. hc Q8Iu Iu lhc 8Cc D Dc8ulj,
uDWhcIc mDIc VISCcI8 lh8u Iu lhc cXQcIIcuCc D u8luIc, IS 8S muCh lhc DugIug
DI Wh8l Dc8ulj QIDmIScS Dul ucVcI uuVcIS 8S Il IS SucIIug 8l lhc Iu8CcQu8Cj D
lhc 8QQc8I8uCc, WhICh 8IS Dc8ulj WhIc W8ulIug lD m8Kc IlSc IKc Il. hIS Q8Iu
Ic8QQcMS Iu lhc Ic8lIDu lD 8IlWDIKS. uVDuul8IIj 8uC uuCDuSCIDuSj, lhc DD-
ScIVcI culcIS IulD 8 CDuU8Cl WIlh lhc WDIK, 8gIccIug lD SuDmIl lD Il Du CDuCIlIDu
lh8l Il SQc8K. u lhc QcCgcC IcCcQlIVIlj D lhc DDScIVcI, QuIc Sc-8D8uCDumcul~
lh8l mDmcul D cc cXh88lIDu Iu u8luIc~SuIVIVcS. 8luI8 Dc8ulj Sh8IcS lhc
Wc8KucSS D cVcIj QIDmISc WIlh lh8l QIDmIScS IucXlIuguISh8DIIlj. MDWcVcI
WDICS m8j g8uCc D u8luIc 8uC DcU8j IlS 8ugu8gc lD Duc lh8l IS Qu8Il8lIVcj
CIcIcul IDm IlS DWu, SlI uD CIIlIQuc D u8luI8 lccDDgj C8u CISmISS UDSc
CDuCcSS C8jS D SDulhcD 8uCS lh8l Sccm lD Dc W8IlIug lD Dc uDlICcC. PS lhcj
CI8W lD 8 CDSc WIlh lhc S8mc I8CI8uCc 8uC Qc8CcHucSS WIlh WhICh Ucj Dcg8u,
lhcj cm8u8lc lh8l cVcIjlhIug IS uDl DSl, lh8l lhIugS m8j jcl luH Dul. Lc8lh, SIl
CDWu Du lhc DcC, 8uC jDu hc8IlS, ISlcu C8IcHj. l Pu DC m8u QDIulS IulD lhc
gImmcIIug Ighl lLuCcI lhc IIugc D C8Wu S DISl Duc. lu lhc u8mc D LDC 8uC
lhc uuDDD, l QDmSc jDu. lDIC, ucVcI mIuC jDuI WOS, lP IS SlI jDuIS, DI
lhc C8j Sl8IlS 8ucW hc Im8gc D Wh8l IS DCcSl Iu u8luIc IcVcIScS CI8cClIC8j
IulD Uc CIQhcI D lhc uDl-jcl-cXISlIug, lhc QDSSIDc. PS IlS 8QQc8I8uCc lhIS CIQhcI
IS mDIc lh8u lhc cXISlIug, Dul 8Ic8Cj Iu IcDcClIug Du Il lhIS 8mDSl COS Il 8u Iu-
]uSlICc. Puj C8Im lh8l lhIS IS hDW u8luIc SQc8KS C8uuDl Dc ]uCgcC WIlh 8SSuI8uCc,
DI IlS 8ugu8gc CDcS uDl m8Kc ]uCgmculS, Dul ucIlhcI IS u8luIc S 8ugu8gc mcIcj
lhc CcCcQlIVc CDuSD8lIDu lh8l DugIug IcDcClS D8CK lD IlSc. u IlS uuCcIl8Iulj,
u8luI8 Dc8ulj IuhcIlS lhc 8mDIguIlj D mjlh, WhIc 8l lhc S8mc lImc IlS cChD~
7

| NATALBLAUY
COuSO8lIOu0ISl8uCcS IlSc IOm mjlh Iu 8QQc8IIu_ u8luIc. LOulImj lO lh8l
QhIOSOQhcI O I0culIlj, Mc_c, u8luI8 Dc8ulj IS COSc lO lhc Uulh Dul VcIS IlSc
8l lhc mOmcul O _Ic8lcSl QIOXImIlj. hIS, lOO, 8Il c8c0 IOm u8luI8 Dc8ulj.
hc DOuu0mj cSl8DIShc0 8_8IuSl clIShISm O u8luIclhc Q8ulhcISlIC SuDlcIu_c
lh8l WOu0 8mOuul lO uOlhIu_ Dul 8u 8DIm8lIVc m8SK 8QQcu0c0 lO 8u cu0cSSj
IcQclIlIVc 8lcIS 0I8Wu Dj lhc 8Cl lh8l u8luIc, 8S Il SlIIS mOIl8j M0 lcu0cIj Iu
IlS Dc8ulj, 0OcS uOl jcl cXISl. hc Sh8mc cl Iu lhc 8Cc O u8luI8 Dc8ulj SlcmS
HOm lhc 08m8_c ImQICIlj 0Ouc lO Wh8l 0OcS uOl jcl cXISl Dj l8KIu_ Il OI cXIS-
lcul. hc 0I_uIlj O u8luIc IS lh8l O lhc uOl-jcl-cXISlIu_, Dj IlS cXQIcSSIOu Il IcQcS
IulculIOu8 hum8uIZ8lIOu. hIS 0I_uIlj h8S Dccu lI8uSOImc0 IulO lhc hcImclIC
Ch8I8ClcI O 8Il, IulO8S MD0cIIu l8u_hl8IlS IcuuuCI8lIOu O 8uj uScuucSS
Wh8lcVcI, cVcu I Il WcIc SuDIm8lc0 Dj lhc 800IlIOu O hum8u mc8uIu_. OI COm-
muuIC8lIOu IS lhc 808Ql8lIOu O SQIIIl lO ulIIlj, WIlh lhc IcSul lh8l SQIIIl IS m80c
Ouc COmmO0Ilj 8mOu_ lhc IcSl, 8u0 Wh8l lO08j IS C8c0 mc8uIu_ QmlICIQ8lcS Iu
lhIS 0IS8SlcI. h8l Iu 8IlWOIKS IS SlIuCluIc0, _8QcSS, IcSlIu_ Iu IlSc, IS 8u 8lcI-
Im8_c O lhc SIcuCc lh8l IS lhc SIu_c mc0Ium lDIOu_h WhICh u8luIc SQc8KS. NIS-8-
VIS 8 IuIu_ QIIuCIQc, VIS-8-VIS 8 mcIcj 0IHSc ]uXl8QOSIlIOu, lhc Dc8ulj O u8luIc
IS 8u OlhcI, Wh8l IS IcCOuCIc0 WOu0 IcScmDc Il.
Mc_c m8KcS lhc lI8uSIlIOu lO 8Il Dc8ulj IOm u8luI8 Dc8ulj, WhOSc ucCcSSIlj hc
IuIlI8j COuCc0cS. POW, 8S lhc QhjSIC8j OD]cClIVc I0c8, Ic lh8l 8uIm8lcS u8-
luIc IS beuat/Iu lh8l 8S Ic lhc lIuc, lhc I0c8, IS Immc0I8lcj QIcScul Iu Iu0IVI0-
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mcBl DcIB_ IBVcSlI_8lc0 IB hIS SjSlcm S AestheticsOI Fhi/cscphyc/Nutare.Mc_c S
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lhuS O 8 Q8ju cI_hlccBlh-CcBluIj hc0OBISm lh8l W8S 8B8lhcm8 lO lhc cm8BCI
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`m8lhcm8lIC8 Ic8lIOBS lh8l OBCc SuQQOSc0j _IOuB0c0 B8luI8 Dc8ulj 8Ic COB-
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8B0 IB COmQ8IISOB WIlh Il lhc Dc8ulj O B8luIc 8QQc8IS SuDOI0IB8lc.'" P8luI8
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QIOVI0c0 Dj Wh8l B8luIc cXQIcSScS 8B0 BOl Dj lhc SQIIIl WIlh WhICh mcB cB0OW
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`QuIIDc0, IS cXlcH8 lO 8Il. hc I0c8ISl 0IS08IB OI Wh8l IS BOl SQIIIl IB B8luIc
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7 c NA1UKALBLAU1Y
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8u0 lD m8Kc lDc cXlcD8 CDDcSQDu0 WIlD IlS CDuCcQl. Luj SD IS lDc lIuU IUc0
Dul D IlS lcmQDI8 ScllIug, Dul D IlS SlI8jIug 8W8j IulD 8 ScIIcS D HuIlcS. Pl lDc
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cSC8QIug IDm HXc0 CDuCcQl ~IS DDWcVcI lDc SuDSl8uCc D Dc8ulj IlSc. u McgcS
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DIS QDI8Sc, WDICD 0cSIgu8lcS lDc 8SjmmcUj lD8l Mcgc DVcIDDKS Iu u8luI8
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I0culIC8 WIlD Ic8ISm, Dul I8lDcI IS Ic8lc0 lD 8ulDuDmDuS QIDCc0uIcS lD8l 8Ic Icc
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AestheticsIS Ic8ClIDu8Ij Iu C8SSICISl 8SDIDu. u 8ul lDc C8SSICISl CDuCcQlIDu D
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u8luI8 Dc8ulj lD SuD]cClIVc SQIIIl, Dul SuDDI0Iu8lcS lD8l SQIIIl lD 8 C8SSICISm U8l
IS cXlcH8 lD 8u0 IuCDmQ8lIDc WIlD Il, QcID8QS Dul D c8I D 8 0I8cClIC lD8l cVcu
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8ulS DIm8ISm DugDl lD D8Vc V8DIIZc0 uDuDIm8 CDuCIclcucSS. DIS CIIlIQuc
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Ic]cClIug lDc cclIugucSS D u8luI8 Dc8ulj, 8S Wc 8S VIIlu8j cVcIjlDIug uDu-
CDuCcQlu8, Mcgc DDluScj m8KcS DImSc Iu0IcIcul lD lDc CcuU8 mDlI D 8Il,
WDICD QIDDcS 8lcI lIulD Iu lDc cV8ucSCcul 8u0 I8gIc. McgcS QDIDSDQDj 8IS
VIS-8-VIS Dc8ulj. cC8uSc Dc cQu8lcS Ic8SDu 8u0 lDc Ic8 lDIDugD lDc QuIulcSScuCc
D lDcII mc0I8lIDuS, Dc DjQDSl8lIZcS lDc SuD]cClIVc QIcDIm8lIDu D lDc cXISlIug 8S
Uc 8DSDulc, lDuS DI DIm lDc uDuI0culIC8 Duj HguIcS 8S 8 IcSlI8Iul Du SuD]cC-
lIVIlj I8lDcI lD8u lD8l Dc 0clcImIucS lDc cXQIIcuCc D lDc uDuI0culIC8 8S lDc
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lcDS 8u0 cm8uCIQ8lIDu D Uc 8cSlhclIC SuD]cCl. 1IDgcSSIVc 0I8cClIC8 8cSlhclICS
DcCDmcS ucCcSS8Ij lD CIIlIQuc cVcu Mc_cS 8cSlhclICS.
hc mSIlIDu Dm u8luI8! Dc8ulj lD 8Il Dc8ulj IS 0I8!cClIC8 8S 8 lI8uSIlIDu Iu lhc
DIm D 0DmIu8lIDu. PIl Dc8ulj IS Wh8l IS DD]cClIVcj m8SlcIc0 Iu 8u Im8_c 8u0
WhICh Dj Vuluc D IlS DD]cClIVIlj 8uSCcu0S 0DmIu8lIDu. PIlWDIKS WIcSl lhcm-
ScVcS IDm 0Dm1u8lIDu Dj 8uSDImIu_ lhc 8cSlhclIC 8llIlu0c, Sh8Qc0 Dj lhc cX-
QcIIcuCc D u8luI8 D8ulj, IulD 8 ljg D QID0uClIVc 8DDI mD0cc0 Du m8lcII8
8DDI. PS 8 hum8u 8u_u8_c lh8l IS DDlh DI_8uIZIu_ 8S Wc!! 8S IcCDuCI!c0, 8Il W8ulS
DuCc 8_8Iu lD 8ll8Iu Wh8l h8S DcCDmc DQ8guc lD hum8uS Iu lhc !8u_u8_c D u8luIc.
PIlWDIKS h8Vc lhIS muCh Iu CDmmDu WIlh I0c8!ISl QhIDSDQhj. hcj D8lc IcCDu-
CI!I8lIDu Iu I0culIlj WIlh lhc SuD]cCl, Iu lhIS IcSgCl I0c8ISl QhIDSDQhj 8S IS cX-
QICIl Iu bChc!Iu_~8Clu8!j h8S 8l 8S IlS mD0c, I8lhcI lh8u lhc IcVcISc. PIlWDIKS
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uc_8lcS lhc hclcIDuDmj D 0DmIu8lIDu. Lu!j lhIDu_h UcII QD8I DQQDSIlIDu, uDl
lhIDu_h lhc QScu0DmDIQhDSIS D 8Il IulD u8luIc, 8Ic u8luIc 8u0 8Il mc0I8lc0 Iu
c8Ch DlhcI. hc mDIc SIClj 8lWDIKS 8DSl8Iu Dm I8uK u8luI8 _IDWlh 8u0 lhc
IcQIC8lIDu D u8luIc, lhc mDIc lhc SuCCcSSu DucS 8QQID8Ch u8luIc. PcSlhcl1C
DD]cClIVIlj, lhc IcDcClIDu D lhc DcIu_Iu-IlSc D u8luIc, Ic8IZcS lhc SuD]cClIVc
lc!cD!D_IC8! c!cmcul D uuIlj, cXC!uSIVcj lhcIcDj 0D 8lWDIKS DcCDmc CDmQ8I8-
D!c lD u8luIc. m CDu8Sl, 8 Q8IlICu8I SIm18IIlj D 8Il lD u8luIc IS 8CCI0cul8,
IucIl, 8u0 DI lhc mDSl Q8Il DHI_u lD 8Il. hc cc!Iu_ D 8u 8IlWDIK S ucCcSSIlj IS
SjuDujmDuS WIlh lhIS DD]cClIVIlj. PS cu]8mu ShDWc0, lhc CDuCcQl D ucCcSSIlj
h8S _cucI8j Dccu mISh8u0!c0 Dj hISlDII8uS D I0c8S. j 0uDDIu_ Il ucCcSSM,
lhcj j lD uu0cISl8u0 DI lD c_IlIm8lc hISlDIIC8! m8lcII8 lD WhICh UcIc IS DlhcI-
W:Sc uD tc!8lIDu, Dt IuSl8uCc Iu lhc QI8ISc D 8 QIcCc D 0u! DuSIC 8S 8 uCcS-
S8Ij QIcImIu8Ij Sl8_c lD _Ic8l muSIC. hc QIDD D SuCh ucCcSSIlj C8u ucVcI Dc
800uCc0, ucIlhcI Iu lhc Q8IlICu8I WDIK uDI Iu lhc hISlDIIC8 Ic8lIDu D 8IlWDIKS
8u0 SljcS lD c8Ch DlhcI IS lhcIc 8uj lI8uSQ8Icul !8WuucSS SuCh 8S lh8l cSl8D-
!IShc0 Dj lhc u8luI8 SCIcuCcS, 8u0 8S Ic_8I0S QSjChDD_IC8! ucCcSSIlj lhc SIlu8lIDu
IS uD DcllcI. hc ucCcSSIlj D 8Il C8uuDl Dc QIDQDuu0c0 mcrescienti]ccDul I8lhcI
Duj IuSD8I 8S 8 WDIK, Dj lhc QDWcI D IlS IulcD8! uuIlj, _IVcS cVI0cuCc D DcIu_
UuS-8u0Duj-lhuS, 8S I Il 8DSDulcj muSl cXISl 8u0 C8uuDl QDSSIDj Dc lhDu_hl
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SDmclhIu_ Ic8 Dul I8lhcI lhc 8ulICIQ8lIDu D 8 DIu_Iu-IlSc lh8l 0DcS uDl jcl
cXISl, D m uuKuDWu lh8l Dj W8j D lhc SuD]cCl IS Sc!-0clcIm1uIu_. PIlWDIKS
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lhc SQIIIlu8IZ8lIDu lh8l 8Il h8S uu0cI_Duc 0uIIu_ lhc Q8Sl lWD huu0Ic0 jc8IS 8u0
lhIDu_h WhICh Il h8S CDmc lD m8luIIlj h8S uDl 8Icu8lc0 8Il Dm u8luH, 8S IS lhc
DQIuIDu D IcI0O CDuSCIDuSucSS, I8lhcI, Iu lcImS D IlS DWu DD, 8Il h8S CDuVcI_O
WIlh u8luI8 Dc8ulj. P lhcDIj D 8Il lh8l, Iu CDuDImIlj WIlh SuD]cCHVc Ic8SDu,
7

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mcBl O SCIcBlIDC Ic8SOB, OmIlS OI lhc DcBcDl O Q8uSIDIIly lDc COBlcBl [Cehu/t]
8B0 0IIcClIOB O 8IIISlIC 0cVcOQmcBl. Ilh humB mc8BS 8Il W8BlS lO Ic8IZc lhc
8Bgu8gc O Wh8l IS BOl hum8B. hc QuIc cXQIcSSIOB O 8IlWOIKS, Icc0 IOm cVcIy
lhIBg-IKc IBlcIcIcBCc, cVcB IOm cVcIylhIBg SO-C8c0 B8luI8, COBVcIgcS WIlh
B8luIc ]uSl 8S IB cDcDS mOSl 8ulhcBlIC WOIKS lc QuIc lOBc, lO WhICh lhcy 8Ic
Ic0uCc0 Dy lhc SlIcBglh O SuD]cClIVc ScBSIDIIly, IcVcIScS 0I8cClIC8y IBlO 8 B8l-
uI8 SOuB0. lh8l O 8B cOQucBl B8luIc, CcIl8IBy, IlS 8Bgu8gc, BOl IDc QOIII8y8 O 8
Q8Il O B8luIc. hc lOl8 SuD]cClIVc c8DOI8lIOB O 8II 8S 8 BOBCOBCcQIu8 8Bgu8gc
IS lhc OBy DguIc, 8l lhc COBIcmQOI8Iy Sl8gc O I8lIOB8Ily, IB WhICh SOmclhIBg
IKc lhc 8Bgu8gc O 0IVIBc CIc8lIOB IS IcHcClc0, Qu8IDc0 Dy lhc QI80OX lh8l Wh8l
IS IcHcClc0 IS DOCKc0. PIl 8llcmQlS lO IHIl8lc 8B cXQIcSSIOB lh8l WOu0 BOl Dc
IBlcIQO8lc0 hum8B IBlcBlIOB. hc 8llcI IS cXCuSIVcy 8IlS VchICc. hc mOIc
QcIcCl lhc 8IlWOIK, lhc mOIc Il OIS8KcS IBlcBlIOBS. Nc0I8lc B8luIc, lhc Dulh COB
lcBl O 8II, l8KcS Sh8Qc, Immc0I8lcy, 8S lhc OQQOSIlc O B8luIc. lhc 8Bgu8gc O
B8luIc IS mulc, 8II SccKS lO m8Kc IhIS mulcBcSS cOQucBl, Il lhuS cXQOScS IlSc lO
8IuIc UIOugh Ihc IBSuIDOuBl8Dc COBII80IClIOB DclWccB lhc I0c8 O mmIBg lhc
mulc cOQucBl, WhICh 0cm8B0S 8 0cSQcI8lc cOIl, 8B0 lhc I0c8 O Wh8l lhIS cOIl
WOu0 8DOuBl lO, lhc I0c8 O Wh8l C8BBOl IB 8By W8y Dc WIc0.
8luIc IS Dc8ulIu IB lh8l Il 8QQc8IS lO S8y mOIc lh8B Il IS. O WIcSl lhIS mOIc HOm
lh8l mOIc S COBlIBgcBCy, lO g8IB COBlIO O IlS ScmD8BCc, lO 0clcImIBc Il 8S Scm
D8BCc 8S Wc 8S lO Bcg8lc Il 8S uBIc8. hIS IS lhc I0c8 O 8Il. hIS 8III8Clu8 mOIc
0OcS BOl IB IlSc gu8I8Blcc lhc mcl8QhySIC8 SuDSl8BCc O 8Il. h8l SuDSl8BCc
COu0 Dc lOl8y Bu, 8B0 SlI lhc 8IIWOIKS COu0 QOSIl 8 mOIc 8S Wh8l 8QQc8IS.
PIlWOIKS DcCOmc 8HWOIKS IB lDc QIO0uCIIOB O lhIS mOIc, lhcy QIO0uCc lhcII OWB
lI8BSCcB0cBCc, I8lhcI lhB DcIBg IlS 8IcB8, 8B0 lDcIcDy lhcy OBCc 8g8IB DcCOmc
ScQ8I8lc0 IOm lI8BSCcB0cBCc. Dc 8Clu8 8IcB8 O D8BSCcB0cBCc IB 8IIWOIKS IS
lhc BcXuS O lhcII ccmcBlS. y SUBIBg lOW8I0, Wc 8S 808QlIBg lO, UIS BcXuS,
lhcy gO DcyOB0 lDc 8QQcI8BCc lh8l lhcy 8Ic, lhOugh lhIS U8BSCcB0cBCc m8y Dc
uuIc8. LBy IB lDc 8ChIcVcmcBl O lhIS DHSCcB0cBCc, BOl OIcmOSl 8B0 IB0cc0
QIOD8Dy BcVcI lhIOugh mc8BIBgS, 8Ic 8IDOIKS SQIIIlu8. hcII lI8BSCcB0cBCc IS
lhcII cOQucBCc, lDcII SCIIQl, Dul Il IS 8 SCOQl WIIhOul mc8BIBg OI, mOIc QIcCIScy, 8
SCIIQl WIlh DIOKcB OI VcIc0 mc8BIBg. PlhOugh lhIS U8BSCcB0cBCc IS SuD]cClIVcy
mc0I8lc0, Il IS m8BIcSlc0 OD]cClIVcy, ycl m lhc mOIc 0cSulOIIy. PIl 8IS IlS
COBCcQl WhcB Il 0DS BOl 8ChIcVc lDIS D8HSCcB0cBCc, Il OScS lhc Qu8Ily O DcIBg
8II. LQu8y, hOWcVcI, 8II DcD8yS U8BSCcB0cBCc WhcB Il SccKS lO QIO0uCc Il 8S 8B
ccCl. hIS ImQIcS 8B cSScBlI8 CIIlcIIOB O BcW 8Il. LOmQOSIlIOBS 8I 8S D8CK-
gIOuB0 muSIC OI 8S lhc mcIc QDScBl8lIOB O m8lcII8, ]uSl 8S lhOSc Q8IBlIBgS 8I IB
WhICh lhc gcOmcIIIC8 Q8llcDS lO WhICh lhcy 8Ic Ic0uCIDc Icm8IB 8Clu8y Wh8l
lDcy 8Ic, lhIS IS lhc Ic8SOB OI lhc IccV8BCc O 0IVcIgcBCcS IOm m8lhcm8lIC8
AK1BLA\1Y
_
7
OImS IB 8 lhOSc WOIKS lh8l cmQOy lhcm. hc SlIIVcB-OI Shu00cI COmcS lO BOlh
IBg. 1l 0OcS BOl OCCuI. LBc O lhc Q8I80OXcS O 8I|WOIKS IS lh8l Wh8l lhcy QOSIl
lhcy 8Ic 8Clu8y BOl QcImIllc0 lO QOSIl, lhIS IS lhc mc8SuIc O lhcII SuDSl8BlI8Ily.
hc mOIc C8BBOl Dc 80cQu8lcy 0cSCIIDc0 Dy Uc QSyChOOgIC8 0cDBIlIOB O 8
gcSl8l, 8CCOI0IBg lO WhICh 8 WhOc IS mOIc lh8B IlS Q8IlS. OI lhc mOIc IS BOl SIm
Qy lhc BcXuS O lhc ccmcBlS, Dul 8B DlhcI, mc0I8lc0 lhIOugh lhIS BcXuS 8B0 ycl
0IVI0c0 HOm Il. hc 8IlISlIC ccmcBlS SuggcSl lhIOugh lhcII BcXuS Wh8l cSC8QcS Il.
McIc OBc COmcS uQ 8g8IBSl 8u 8BlIBOmy O lhc QhIOSOQhy O hISlOIy. B hIS lIc8l
mcBl O lhc lhcmc O 8uI8~8 COBCcQl COScy Ic8lc0 lO lhc COBCcQl O lhc 8QQc8I-
8uCc lh8l Dy VIIluc O IlS IBlcD8 uBIly QOIBlS DcyOB0 IlSccB]8H1B ShOWc0
lh8l, DcgIBBIBg WIlh 8u0c8IIc, 8uI8 IB lhc ScBSc O 8lmOSQhcIc IS l8DOO, ' 8
Ic80y IB 8u0c8IIc lhc lI8BSCcB0cBCc O lhc 8IlISlIC 8QQc8I8BCc IS 8l OBCc ccClc0
m0 Bcg8lc0. IOm lhIS QcISQcClIVc, lhc 0c8cSlhclICIZ8lIOB O 8I| IS BOl OBy 8 Sl8gc
O 8IlS IQuI08lIOB Dul 8SO lhc 0IIcClIOB O IlS 0cVcOQmcBl. P lhc S8mc, lhc SO-
CI8IZc0 IcDcIOB SIBCc 8u0c8IIc 8g8IBSl 8uI8 8u0 8lmOSQhcIc h8S BOl mc8ul lhc
SImQc 0IS8QQc8I8BCc O lhc CI8CKIBg BOISc IB WhICh lhc mOIc O lhc QhcBOmcBOB
8BBOuBCcS IlSc IB OQQOSIlIOB lO lhIS QhcBOmcBOB. LBc Bcc0 OBy COmQ8Ic gOO0
QOcmS Dy IcChl lh8l 8Ic Slyc0 8S QIOlOCO ScBlcBCcS WIlh D80 QOcmS Dy 8ulhOIS
WhOSc IcDcIOB 8g8IBSl DcIBg QOclIC IcCOIS IBlO lhc QIc8cSlhclIC. B IcChlS 0IS-
cBCh8Blc0 QDU Wh8l IS uB08mcBl8y 0ISlIBCl IOm Wh8l IS SImQISlIC8y Sl8lc0
COBSlIlulcS lhc WOIKS cmIBcBl I8BK. LIICh h8hcI m8y h8Vc DccB lhc DISl lO
IcCOgBIZc lhIS, 8B0 Il IS DcSl COBDImc0 Dy lhc QOcm WO LI8BcS. PcSlhclIC
lI8BSCcB0cBCc 8B0 0IScBCh8ulmcBl COBVcIgc IB lhc mOmcBl O 8IBg mulc IB
cCKcllS OcuVIc. P 8Bgu8gc IcmOlc IOm 8 mc8BIBg IS BOl 8 SQc8KIBg 8Bgu8gc
8B0 lhIS IS IlS 8DBIly lO mulcBcSS. cIh8QS 8 cXQIcSSIOB, WhICh IS mOSl 8KIB lO
lI8BSCcB0cBCc, IS 8S COSc lO 8IBg mulc 8S IB gIc8l BcW muSIC BOlhIBg IS SO u
O! CxQtC88IOn 88 Wh8l ICkCr8 Oullh8l lOBc lh8l 0IScBg8gcS IlSc Sl8IKy HOm
lhc 0cBSc muSIC8 lcXluIcWhcIc 8I| Dy VIIluc O IlS OWB mOVcmcBl COBVcIgcS
WIlh IlS B8luI8 ccmcBl.
hc IBSl8Bl O cXQIcSSIOB IB 8IlWOIKS IS hOWcVcI BOl lhcII Ic0uClIOB lO lhc cVc O
lhcII m8lcII8S 8S lO SOmclhIBg uBmc0I8lc0, I8lhcI, lhIS IBSl8Bl IS uy mc0I8lc0.
PIlWOIKS DcCOmc 8QQc8I8BCcS, IB |hc QIcgB8Bl ScBSc O lhc lcD~lh8l IS, 8S lhc
8QQc8I8uCc O 8B OlhcIWhcB lhc 8CCcBl 8S OB lhc uBIc8Ily O lhcII OWB Ic8
Ily. PI|WOIKS h8Vc lhc Imm8BcBl Ch8I8ClcI O DcIBg 8B 8Cl, cVcB I lhcy 8Ic C8IVc0
IB SlOBc, 8B0 lhIS cB0OWS lhcm WIlh lhc Qu8Ily O DcIBg SOmclhIBg mOmcBl8Iy
8B0 Su00cB. hIS IS IcgISlcIc0 Dy lhc ccIBg O DcIBg OVcIWhcmc0 WhcB 8Cc0
WIU 8B ImQOIl8Bl WOIK. hIS Imm8BcBl Ch8I8ClcI O DcIBg 8B 8Cl cSl8DIShcS lhc
SImI8IIly O 8 8IlWOIKS, IKc lh8l O B8luI8 Dc8uly, lO muSIC, 8 SImI8IIly OBCc
cVOKc0 Dy lhc lcIm muSc. 1B0cI Q8lIcBl COBlcmQ8lIOB 8IlWOIKS DcgIB lO mOVc.
O lhIS cXlcBl lhcy 8Ic lIuy 8lcIIm8gcS O lhc QIImOI0I8 Shu00cI IB lhc 8gc O
IcIDC8lIOB, lhc lcIIOI O lh8l 8gc IS IcC8QIlu8lc0 VIS--VIS IcIDc0 OD]cClS. hc
0ccQcI lhc ptoDclWccB lhc CIICumSCIIDc0, QIlICu8I lhIBgS 8B0 lhc Q8IBg
8
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AKTBLAUTY
cSScuCc, lhc mDIc hDlDWlj 8IlWDIXS g8Zc, lhc SDlc 8u8mucSIS D Wh8l CDul0 cXISl
DcjDu0 lhc pto. cC8uSc lhc Shu00cI IS Q8Sl 8u0 jcl SuIVIVcS, 8IlWDIXS
DD]cClIV8lc Il 8S IlS 8lcIIm8gc. 1DI I 8l Duc lImc hum8u DcIugS Iu UcII QDWcI-
cSSucSS 8g8IuSl u8luIc c8Ic0 lhc Shu00cI 8S SDmclhIug Ic8, lhc c8I IS uD cSS
IulcuSc, uD cSS ]uSlIDc0, lh8l lhc Shu00cI WIl 0ISSIQ8lc. Pl culIghlcumcul IS 8C-
CDmQ8uIc0 Dj lhc 8uXIclj lh8l Wh8l Scl culIghlcumcul Iu mDlIDu Iu lhc DISl Q8Cc
8u0 Wh8l cuIghlcumcul cVcI lhIc8lcuS lD CDuSumc m8j 0IS8QQc8I. lIulh. hIDWu
D8CX Du IlSc, cuIghlcumcul 0ISl8uCcS IlSc Dm lh8l guIccSS DD]cClIVIlj lh8l Il
WDul0 IXc lD 8ChIcVc, lh8l IS Whj, uu0cI lhc CDmQuSIDu D IlS DWu I0c8 D lIulh,
Il IS CDu]DIuc0 WIlh lhc QIcSSuIc lD hD0 Du lD Wh8l Il h8S CDu0cmuc0 Iu lhc u8mc
D lIulh. PIl IS lhIS mucmDSjuc. hc IuSl8ul D 8QQc8I8uCc Iu 8IlWDIXS IS Iu0cc0
lhc Q8I80DXIC8l uuIlj DI lhc D88uCc DclWccu lhc V8uIShIug 8u0 lhc QIcScIVc0. PIl-
WDIXS 8Ic Sl8lIC 8S muCh 8S lhcj 8Ic 0ju8mIC, 8Il gcmcS lh8l 8 DcDW 8QQIDVc0
CuluIc, SuCh 8S CIICuS l8Dlc8uX 8u0 IcVucS 8u0 QIDD8Dlj mcCh8uISmS SuCh 8S lhc
W8lcI Duul8IuS D lhc ScVculcculh CculuIj, CDucSS lD Wh8l 8ulhculIC` 8IlWDIXS
CDuCc8 Iu lhcmScVcS 8S lhcII ScCIcl 8QIIDII. PIlWDIXS Icm8Iu cuIghlcuc0 Dc-
C8uSc lhcj WDu0 lIXc lD mmc CDmmcuSuI8Dlc lD hum8u DcIDgS lhc IcmcmDcIc0
Shu00cI, WhICh W8S IuCDmmcuSuI8Dc Iu lhc m8gIC8l QIImDI0I8 WDI0. hIS IS
lDuChc0 uQDu Dj McgcS DImul8lIDu D 8Il 8S lhc cDIl lD 0D 8W8j WIlh DIcIgu-
ucSS.

1u lhc 8IlI8Cl lhc Shu00cI IS Icc0 IDm lhc mjlhIC8l 0cCcQlIDu D IlS DcIug-
Iu-IlScl, WIlhDul hDWcVcI lhc WDIXS DcIug Ic0uCc0 lD SuD]cClIVc SQIIIl. hc Iu-
CIc8SIug 8ulDuDmj D 8IlWDIXS, lhcII DD]cClIV8lIDu Dj hum8u DcIugS, QIcSculS lhc
Shu00cI 8S SDmclhIug uumDlIDc0 8u0 uuQIcCc0culc0. hc 8Cl D 8lIcu8lIDu Iu lhIS
DD]cClIV8lIDu, WhICh c8Ch 8IlWDIk C8DIcS Dul, IS CDIIcClIVc. PIlWDIkS 8Ic uculI8-
IZc0 8u0 lhuS Qu8Il8lIVclj U8uSDImc0 cQIQh8uIcS. lhc 0cIlIcS D 8ulIQuIlj WcIc
S8I0 lD 8QQc8I 0cclIuglj 8l lhcII Cull SIlcS, DI 8l c8Sl WcIc lD h8Vc 8QQc8Ic0 lhcIc
Iu lhc QIImcV8 8gc, lhIS 8Cl D 8QQc8IIug DcC8mc lhc 8W D lhc QIm8ucuCc D 8Il-
WDIXS, Dul 8l lhc QIICc D lhc IVIug IuCM8lIDu D Wh8l 8QQc8IS. hc 8IlWDIX 8S
8QQc8I8uCc IS mDSl CDSclj IcScmDc0 Dj lhc uppuriticn,
s
lhc hc8Vcuj VISIDu.
PIlWDIXS Sl8u0 l8CIlj Iu 8CCDI0 WIlh Il 8S Il IIScS 8DDVc hum8u DcIugS 8u0 IS
C8IIc0 DcjDu0 lhcII IulculIDuS 8u0 lhc WDI0 D lhIugS. PIlWDIXS IDm WhICh lhc
uppuriticnh8S Dccu 0IIVcu Dul WIlhDul 8 U8Cc 8c uDlhIug mDIc lh8u huSXS, WDISc
lh8u Wh8l mcIclj cXISlS, DcC8uSc lhcj 8Ic uDl cVcu uScul. PIlWDIXS 8Ic uDWhcIc
mDIc IcmIuISCcul D m8u8 lh8u Iu lhcII cXUcmc DQQDSIlIDu lD Il, Iu lhc SuD]cC-
lIVclj QDSIlc0 CDuSUuClIDu D IucuCl8DIIlj. h8l IuSl8ul WhICh IS Wh8l 8IlWDIXS
8IcCIjSl8llIZc0, 8l c8Sl Iu lI80IlIDu8 WDIXS, 8l lhc QDIul WhcIc Dul D lhcII
Q8IlICu8I clcmculS lhcj DcC8mc 8 lDl8Ilj. hc QIcgu8ul mDmcul D lhcII DD]cC-
lIV8lIDu IS lhc mDmcul lh8l CDuCculI8lcS lhcm 8 8QQc8I8uCc, WhICh IS Dj uD
mc8uS ]uSl lhc cXQIcSSIVc ccmculS lh8l 8Ic 0ISQcISc0 DVcI lhc 8IlWDIXS. PIlWDIXS
SuQ8SS lhc WDI0 D lhIugS Dj Wh8l IS lhIug~lIXc Iu lhcm, lhcII 8IlIDCI8 DD]cClIV8-
lIDu. hcj DcCDmc cDQucul Dj lhc DICc D lhc XIu0Iug D lhIug 8u0 8QQc8I8uCc.
hcj 8Ic lhIugS WhDSc QDWcI Il IS lD 8QQc8I. hcII Imm8ucul QIDCcSS IS cXlcH8l-
AK1 BLAU1Y . B!
IZc0 8S lhcI OWu 8Cl, uOl 8S Wh8l hum8uS h8Vc 0Ouc lO lhcm 8u0 uOl mcIcj OI
hum8uS.
hc QhcuOmcuOu O hIcWOIKS IS QIOlOljQIC8 OI 8IIWOIKS, IhOu_h DcC8uSc O IlS
DcclIu_ucSS 8u0 Sl8luS 8S cmQlj culcII8Iumcul Il h8S SC8ICcj Dccu 8CKuOWc0_c0
Dj lhcOIclIC8 COuSI0cI8lIOu, Ouj N80Ij QuISuc0 I0c8S lh8l 8Ic 8l c8Sl Ic8lc0.
IIcWOIKS 8QQMIlIOu xof eoqv. hcj 8QQc8I cmQIIIC8j jcl 8Ic IDcI8lc0
HOm lhc DuI0cu O Ihc cmQIIIC8, WhICh IS lhc ODI_8lIOu O 0uI8lIOu, lhcj 8Ic 8
SI_u IOm hc8Vcu jcl MI8Clu8, 8u OmIuOuS W8Iu_, 8 SCIIQl lh8l D8ShcS uQ, V8u-
IShcS, 8u0 Iu0cc0 C8uuOl Dc Ic80 OI IlS mc8uIu_. hc Sc_Ic_8IIOu O lhc 8cSlhclIC
SQhcIc Dj mc8uS O lhc COmQclc 8HuClIOu8Ilj O Wh8l IS lhOIOu_hj cQhcmcI8
IS uO OIm8 0cDuIlIOu O 8cSlhclICS. 1l IS uOl lhIOu_h 8 hI_hcI QcIcCUOu lh8l 8Il-
WOIKS ScQ8I8lc HOm lhc 8IDj cXISlcul Dul I8lhcI Dj DcCOmIu_ 8Clu8, IKc DIc-
WOIKS, IuC8u0cSCcDUj Iu 8u cXQIcSSIVc 8QQc8I8uCc. hcj uOl Ouj lhc OlhcI O
lhc cmQIIC8 WOI0. tVcIjlhIu_ Iu Ucm DcCOmcS OlhcI. 1l IS lhIS lO WhICh lhc
QIc8IlISlIC COuSCIOuSucSS O 8IIWOIKS IcSQOu0S mOSl IulcuScj. hIS COuSCIOuSucSS
SuDmIlS lO lhc lcmQl8lIOu lh8l DISl c0 lO M 8u0 lh8l mc0I8lcS DclWccu 8II 8u0 Uc
cmQDC8. PlhOu_h lhc QIc8IIISlIC 0ImcuSIOu DcCOmcS QOISOuc0 Dj IlS cXQOIl8-
lIOu, lO lhc QOIul lh8l 8IlWOIKS muSl cImIu8lc Il, Il SuIVIVcS SuDIm8lc0 Iu lhcm. 1l
IS uOl SO muCh lh8l 8IIWOIKS QOSScSS I0c8Ilj 8S lh8l Dj VIIluc O lhcII SQIIlu8-
IZ8lIOu lhcj QIOmISc 8 DOCKc0 OI 0cuIc0 ScuSu8Ilj. h8l Qu8Ilj C8u Dc COmQIc-
hcu0c0 Iu lhOSc QhcuOmcu8 HOm WhICh 8IlISlIC cXQcIIcuCc cm8uCIQ8lc0 IlSc, Iu
lhc IcICS O 8u Ml-8Icu 8Il, 8S Il WcIc, lhc ]uSlj OI uu]uSlj SO-C8c0 OWcI 8IlS
SuCh 8S lhc CIICuS, lO WhICh Iu I8uCc lhc CuDISl Q8IulcIS 8u0 lhcII lhcOIclICI8uS
luDc0, 8u0 lO WhICh u LcIm8uj c0cKIu0 lmc0. h8l c0cKIu0 C8c0 COI-
QOIc8 8Il h8S uOl Ouj Icm8Iuc0 Dcuc8lh SQIIIlu8IZc0 Ml, uOl Ouj Icm8Iuc0 ]uSl
IlS COmQcmcul. 1u IlS IulculIOucSSucSS, hOWcVcI, Il IS lhc 8IChclQ O SQIIIlu8-
IZc0 8II. j IlS mcIc cXISlcuCc, cVcIj 8IlWOIK, 8S 8Icu 8IIWOIK lO Wh8l IS 8Icu-
8lc0, COu]uIcS uQ lhc CIICuS 8u0 jcl IS OSl SOOu Il cmu8lcS Il. P DcCOmcS 8u
Im8_c uOl 0IIcClj Dj DcCOmIu_ 8u uppuriticn Dul Ouj lhIOu_h lhc COuulcI-
lcu0cuCj lO Il. hc QIc8IIISlIC cVc O 8II IS 8l lhc S8mc lImc lhc mcmculO O IlS
8ulICuluI8 Ch8I8ClcI, IlS SuSQICIOu O IlS 8ulIlhcSIS lO lhc cmQIIIC8 WOI0 lh8l
c8VcS lhIS WOI0 uulOuChc0. 1mQOIl8ul 8IlWOIKS ucVcIIhccSS SccK lO IuCOIQOI8lc
lhIS 8II-8Icu 8jcI. hcu, SuSQcClc0 O DcIu_ Iu8ulIc, Il IS 8DScul IOm 8Il, Whcu
lhc 8Sl U8Cc O lhc V8_I8ul h00cI 0IS8QQc8IS IOm lhc SQIIlu8 Ch8mDcI muSICI8u
8u0 Ihc IuSIOucSS 0I8m8 h8S OSl lhc m8_IC O lhc Sl8_c, 8Il h8S C8QIlu8lc0. hc
CuII8Iu IlS cXQcCl8ulj cVcu 8l lhc Dc_IuuIu_ O cCKcllS Endume; Q8jS 8u0
Sl8_Iu_S lh8l cImIu8lc lhc CuII8Iu umDc WIlh 8 Sh8OW lIICK. hc IuSl8ul lhc CuI-
l8Iu _OcS uQ IS lhc cXQcCl8lIOu O lhc uppuriticn.1 cCKcllS Q8jS, 8S CIcQuSCu-
8Ij _Icj 8lcI SuuScl 8u0 lhc cu0 O lhc WOI0, W8ul lO cXOICISc CIICuS COOIS,
lhcj jcl Icm8Iu Uuc lO lhcm Iu lh8l lhc Q8jS 8Ic Iu0cc0 QcIOImc0 Ou Sl8_c 8u0 Il
IS Wc KuOWu hOW muCh lhcI 8ulIhcIOS WcIc IuSQIIc0 Dj COWuS 8u0 S8QSlICK
CIucm8. LcSQIlc lhcII uasteriplhcj Iu uO W8j !uj IcuOuuCc COSlumcS 8u0 SclS
B2 . AK1 bLAL1Y
hc ScIV8Bl LlOV, WhO WIShcS IB V8IB lO DIc8K Oul, Wc8IS lhc l8u_h8Dlj OulmO0c0
COSlumc O 8 U8VclIB_ LB_IShm8B, 8B0 lhc S8B0hIl O HuppyDuysDc8IS 8 SImI-
l8IIlj lO _cOO_IC8 OIm8lIOBS O lhc PmcIIC8B cSl, IB _cBcI8, lhc QucSlIOB
Icm8IBS WhclhcI IB lhcII m8lcII8l 8B0 VISu8l OI_8BIZ8lIOB cVcB lhc mOSl 8DSlI8Cl
Q8IBlIB_S 0O BOl Dc8I clcmcBlS O 8 IcQIcScBl8lIOB8lIlj lh8l lhcj hOQc lO IcmOVc
HOm CIICu8lIOB. LVcB 8IlWOIKS lh8l IBCOIIuQlIDlj IcuSc CccDI8lIOB8B0 COBSOl8-
lIOB 0O BOl WIQc Oul I80I8BCc, 8B0 lhc _Ic8lcI lhcII SuCCcSS, lhc mOIc lhcj _8IB
Il. O08j lhIS uSlcI 0cVOlVcS QIcCISclj uQOB WOIKS lh8l 8Ic IBCOBSOl8Dlc. hcII
0ISl8BCc IOm 8Bj QuIQOSc SjmQ8lhIZcS, 8S IOm 8CIOSS lhc 8DjSS O 8_cS, WIlh lhc
SuQcIBuOuS V8_I8ul WhO WIll BOl COmQlclclj 8CQuIcSCc lO DXc0 QIOQcIlj 8B0
Sclllc0 CIVIlIZ8lIOB. Ol lc8Sl 8mOB_ lhc COBlcmQOI8Ij 0IDCullIcS O 8Il IS lh8l
mlWOIKS 8Ic 8Sh8mc0 O uppuriticn, lhOu_h lhcj 8Ic uB8Dlc lO Shc0 Il, BO lOB_cI
SuDSl8BlI8l m lhc Mc_clI8B ScBSc, h8VIB_ DcCOmc Scl-lI8BSQ8IcBl II_hl IBlO lhcII
COBSlIlulIVc ScmDl8uCc, WhICh 8IlWOIKS DB0 uBUuc IB IlS lI8BSQ8IcBlBcSS, lhIS
lI8BSQ8IcBlBcSS _B8WS 8W8j 8l lhcII QOSSIDIlIlj. PB IB8Bc IlhclmI8B 8Imj ]OKc
lcllS O 8B OI0cIlj WhO OBc DBc buB08j mODIB_ IS ScBl Dj hIS SuQcIIOI lO lhc ZOO.
Mc IcluDS VcIj WOIKc0 uQ 8B0 0cC8IcS. LIculcB8Bl PBIm8S IKc lh8l 0O BOl
cXISl hIS OIm O Ic8ClIOB IS 8S IcQuISIlc O 8cSlhclIC cXQcIIcBCc 8S Il IS 8lIcB lO
8Il. PIlWOIKS 8Ic clImIB8lc0 8lOB_ WIlh lhc jOulhul 0ouew, KIcc's Ane/as
Ncvas 8IOuScS lhIS 8SlOBIShmcBl muCh 8S 0O lhc ScmIhum8B CIc8luIcS O 1B0I8B
mjlhOO_j. B c8Ch _cBuIBc 8IlWOIK SOmclhIB_ 8QQc8IS lh8l 0OcS BOl cXISl. l IS
BOl 0Ic8ml uQ Oul O 0ISQ8I8lc ccmcBlS O lhc cXISlIB_. Lul O lhcSc clcmcBlS
8IlWOIKS 8II8B_c COBSlcll8lIOBS lh8l DcCOmc CIQhcIS, WIlhOul, hOWcVcI, IKc 8B-
laSIcS, ScllIn_ uQ lhc cnCIQhcrc0 DcOIc lhc cjcS 8S SOmclhIn_ Immc0I8lcj cXISl-
IB_. hc cBCIQhcImcBl O lhc 8IlWOIK, OBc 8Ccl O IlS uppuriticn, IS lhuS 0ISlIBCl
HOm B8luI8l Dc8ulj IB lh8l WhIc Il lOO IcuScS lhc uBIVOCIlj O ]u0_mcBl, BcVcI-
lhccSS IB IlS OWB OIm, IB lhc W8j IB WhICh Il luDS lOW8I0 lhc hI00cB, lhc 8IlWOIK
8ChIcVcS 8 _Ic8lcI 0clcImIB8Cj. PIlWOIKS lhuS VIc WIlh lhc SjBlhcScS O SI_BIDC8-
lIVc lhIBKIB_, lhcII IIIcCOBCIl8Dlc cBcmj.
hc 8QQc8I8BCc O lhc BOBcXISlcBl 8S I Il cXISlc0 mOlIV8lcS lhc QucSlIOB 8S lO lhc
lIulh O 8Il. j IlS OIm 8lOBc M QIOmIScS Wh8l IS BOl, Il Ic_ISlcIS OD]cClIVclj,
hOWcVcI IcH8Clc0lj, lhc Cl8Im lh8l DcC8uSc lhc BOBcXISlcBl 8QQc8IS Il muSl IB0cc0
Dc QOSSIDlc. hc uBSlIl8Dc OB_IB_ IB lhc 8Cc O Dc8ulj, OI WhICh l8lO OuB0
WOI0S IcSh WIlh IlS DISl cXQcIIcBCc, IS lhc lOB_IB_ OI lhc HDlmcBl O Wh8l W8S
QIOm1Sc0. 0c8lISl 8cSlhclICS 8IlS Dj IlS IB8DIlIlj lO 0O ]uSlICc lO 8Il S prcmesseda
bcnhear.l Ic0uCcS lhc 8IlWOIK lO Wh8l Il IB lhcOIclIC8l lcImS SjmDOlIZcS 8B0 lhuS
lIcSQ8SScS 8_8IBSl lhc SQIIIl IB lh8l 8IlWOIK. h8l SQIIIl QIOmIScS, BOl lhc ScBSu8l
Qlc8SuIc O lhc ODScIVcI, IS lhc OuS O lhc ScBSu8 clcmcBl IB 8Il. HOm8ulICISm
W8Blc0 lO cQu8lc Wh8l 8QQc8IS IB lhc uppuriticnWIlh lhc 8IlISlIC. B 0OIB_ SO, Il
_I8SQc0 SOmclhIB_ cSScBlI8l 8DOul 8Il, jcl B8IIOWc0 Il lO 8 Q8IlICum, lO lhc QI8ISc
O 8 SQcCIDC 8B0 Qul8lIVclj IBW8I0lj IBDBIlc COmQOIlmcBl O 8Il, IB lhIS, IOm8BlI-
CISm Im8_IBc0 lh8l lhIOu_h IcDcClIOB 8u0 lhcm8lIC COBlcBl Il COul0 _I8SQ 8IlS
AKbLAlY dJ
clBcI, WBcIc8S Il IS IIIcSISlIDc QIcCIScy DcC8uSc Il IcuScS lO cl IlSc Dc B8Ic0
0OWB cIlBcI 8S 8B cBlIly OI 8S 8 uBIVcIS8 COBCcQl. lS clBcI IS DOuB0 uQ WIlB Q8I~
lICu8IIZ8lIOB, Il cQIlOmIZcS lBc uBSuDSum8Dc 8B0 8S SuCB CB8cBgcS lBc QIcV8I-
IBg QIIBCIQc O Ic8Ily lB8l O cXCB8Bgc8DIIly. B8l 8QQc8IS IS BOl IBlcICB8Bgc-
8Dc DcC8uSc Il 0OcS BOl Icm8IB 8 0u Q8IIICu8I OI WBICB OlBcI Q8IIICu8IS COu0
Dc SuDSlIIulc0, BOI IS Il 8B cmQly uBIVcIS8 lB8l cQu8lcS cVcIylBIBg SQcCIDC lB8l
Il COmQIcBcB0S Dy 8DSlI8ClIBg lBc COmmOB CB8I8ClcIISlICS. IB cmQIIIC8 Ic8-
Ily cVcIylBIBg B8S DcCOmc uBgIDc, 8H BO0S uQ lO lBc WOI0 O cVcIylBIBgOI-
SOmclBIBg-cSc Im8gcS O WB8l Il IlSc WOu0 Dc I Il WcIc cm8BCIQ8lc0 IOm lBc
SCBcm8l8 O ImQOSc0 I0cBlIDC8lIOB. 3cl 8II Q8yS OVcI IBlO I0cOOgy IB Ih8l, 8S lBc
Im8gc O WB8l IS DcyOB0 cXCB8Bgc, Il SuggcSlS lB8l BOl cVcIylBIBg IB lBc WOI0 IS
cXCB8Bgc8Dc. LB DB8 O WB8l C8BBOl Dc cXCB8Bgc0, 8II muSl IDIOugB IlS OIm
DIIBg lBc cXCB8Bgc8Dc lO CIIlIC8 Sc-COBSCIOuSBcSS. Bc lcOS O 8IIWOIKS IS 8
8Bgu8gc WBOSc WOI0S C8BBOl Dc OC8lc0 OB lBc SQcClIum, 8 8Bgu8gc WBOSc
WOI0S 8Ic BOl ImQIISOBc0 Dy 8 QIcSl8DIIZc0 uBIVcIS8IIy. PB ImQOIl8Bl SuSQcBSc
BOVc Dy LcO cIulZ COBCcDS lBc COOI 0IOmmcl Ic0,' SuD8IlISlIC gcBIcS SuCB
8S science]cticn CIc0uOuSy 8B0 lBcIcOIc QOWcIcSSy m8Kc 8 clISB O SuCB
lBcmcS. PlBOugB lBc BOBcXISlIBg cmcIgcS Su00cBy IB 8IlWOIKS, lBcy 0O BOl 8y
BO0 O Il DO0Iy 8S WIlB lBc Q8SS O 8 m8gIC W8B0. Bc BOBcXISlIBg IS mc0I8lc0 lO
lhcm lBIOugB H8gmcBlS O lBc cXISlIBg, WBICB lBcy 8SScmDc IBlO 8B uppuriticn.l
IS BOl OI 8II lO 0cCI0c Dy IlS cXISlcBCc I IBc BOBcXISlIBg lB8l 8QQc8IS IB0cc0 cXISlS
8S SOmclBIBg 8QQc8IIBg OI Icm8IBS ScmD8BCc. PS DguIcS O lBc cXISlIBg, uB8Dc
lO SummOB IBlO cXISlcBCc lBc BOBcXISlIBg, 8IlWOIKS 0I8W lBcII 8ulBOIIly HOm lBc
IcDcClIOB lBcy COmQc OB BOW lBcy COu0 Dc lBc OVcIWBcmIBg Im8gc O lBc
BOBcXISlIBg I Il 0I0 BOl cXISl IB IlSc. IcCIScy 8lO S OBlOOgy, mOIc COBgcBI8
lO QOSIlIVISm IB8B 0I8cClIC IS, lOOK OHcBSc 8l 8II S ScmD8BCc CB8I8ClcI, 8S I lBc
QIOmISc m80c Dy 8II 8W8KcBc0 0OuDl IB lBc QOSIlIVc OmBIQIcScBCc O DcIBg 8B0
I0c8, OI WBICB 8lO BOQc0 lO DB0 SuIcly IB lBc COBCcQl. IBc 8lOBIC I0c8S WcIc
cXISlcBCc-IBIlSc, 8I| WOu0 BOl Dc Bcc0c0, lBc OBlOOgISlS O 8BlIQuIly mIS-
lIuSlc0 Ml 8B0 SOugBl QI8gm8lIC COBUO OVcI Il DcC8uSc IB lBcII IBBcImOSl DcIBg
lBcy KBcW IB8l lBc ByQOSl8lIZc0 uBIVcIS8 COBCcQl IS BOl WB8l Dc8uly QIOmIScS.
8lOS CIIlIQuc O 8II IS IB0cc0 BOl COmQcIBg, DcC8uSc 8II Bcg8lcS lBc IlcI8 Ic8-
Ily O IlS lBcm8lIC COBlcBl, WBICB 8lO B80 IB0IClc0 8S 8 Ic. Bc cX8l8lIOB O lBc
COBCcQl 8S I0c8 IS 8Ic0 WIlB lBc QBIISlIBc DIB0BcSS OI lBc CcBII8 ccmcBl O 8Il,
IlS OIm. B SQIlc O 8 lBIS, BOWcVcI, lBc DcmISB O mcB08CIly ODVIOuSy C8BBOl
Dc IuDDc0 O 8II, BOlBIBg gu8I8BlccS lB8l Il WI KccQ IlS OD]cClIVc QHmISc. BcIc-
OIc cVcIy lBcOIy O 8II muSl 8l lBc S8mc lImc Dc lBc CIIlIQuc O 8II. LVcB I80IC8
8Il IS 8 Ic IBSO8I 8S Il 8IS lO CIc8lc lBc QOSSIDc lO WBICB Il gIVcS IISc 8S Scm-
D8BCc. PIlWOIKS 0I8W CIc0Il IOm 8 QI8XIS lB8l B8S ycl lO DcgIB 8B0 BO OBc KBOWS
WBclhcI 8BylBIBg D8CKS lBcII clIcIS O CIc0Il.
PIlWOIKS 8Ic Im8gcS 8S uppuriticn, 8S 8QQc8I8BCc, 8B0 BOl 8S 8 COQy. lBIOugB
lBc 0cmylBOOgIZ8lIOB O lBc WOI0 COBSCIOuSBcSS Hcc0 IlSc HOm lBc 8BCIcBl
64 ' AK1 bLAL1Y
Shu00cI, lh8l Shu00cI IS QcIm8uculj IcQtD0uCc0 Iu lhc hISlDIIC8 8ul8gDuISm D
SuD]cCl 8u0 DD]cCl. hc DD]cCl DcC8mc 8S IuCDmmcuSuI8Dc lD cXQcIIcuCc, 8S DI-
cIgu 8u0 IIghlcuIug, 8S m8u8 DuCc W8S. hIS QcImc8lcS lhc Im8gc Ch8I8ClcI. l
m8uIcSlS DIcIguucSS 8l lhc S8mc lImc lh8l Il SccKS lD m8Kc cXQcIIculI8 Wh8l IS
lhIug-IKc 8u0 DIcIgu. DI 8IlWDIKS Il IS IuCumDcul lD gI8SQ lhc uuIVcIS8 WhICh
0ICl8lcS lhc ucXuS D lhc cXISlIug 8u0 IS hI00cu Dj lhc cXISlIug Iu lhc Q8IlICu8I,
Il IS uDl DI 8Il, lhIDugh Q8IlICuIZ8lIDu, lD 0ISguISc lhc IuIug uuIVcIS8Ilj D lhc
80mIuISlcIc0 WDI0. Dl8Ilj IS lhc gIDlcSQuc hcII D m8u8. hc Im8gc Ch8I8ClcI D
8IlWDIKS Q8SSc0 DVcI IulD lDl8Ilj, WhICh 8QQc8IS mDIc lIuj Iu lhc Iu0IVI0u8 lh8u
Iu lhc SjulhcScS D SIugu8IIlIcS. j IlS Ic8lIDu lD Wh8l Iu lhc CDuSlIlulIDu D Ic8-
Ilj IS uDl 0IIcClj 8CCcSSIDc lD 0ISCuISIVc CDuCcQlu8IZ8lIDu 8u0 uDuc lhc cSS DD-
]cClIVc, 8Il Iu lhc 8gc D cuIghlcumcul hD0S Hc lD cuIghlcumcul WhIc QIDVDK-
Iug Il. h8l 8QQc8IS Iu 8Il IS uD DugcI lhc I0c8, uD DugcI h8ImDuj, lhc DCuS D
IlS QDWcI D IcSDulIDu IS uDW cXCuSIVcj Iu lhc CDuU80IClDIj 8u0 0ISSDuMl. Lu-
Ighlcumcul W8S 8W8jS 8SD lhc CDuSCIDuSucSS D lhc V8uIShIug D Wh8l Il W8ulc0
lD ScIZc WIlhDul 8uj IcSI0uc D mjSlcIj, Dj QcuclI8lIug lhc V8uIShIug lhc Shu0-
0cIcuIghlcumcul uDl Duj IS IlS CIIlIQuc Dul S8V8gcS Il 8CCDI0Iug lD lhc mc8-
SuIc D Wh8l QIDVDKcS Uc Shu00cI Iu Ic8Ilj IlSc. hIS Q8I80DX IS 8QQIDQII8lc0 Dj
8IlWDIKS. Il hD0S lIuc lh8l lhc SuD]cClIVc I8lIDu8Ilj D mc8uS 8u0 cu0S WhICh
IS Q8IlICu8I 8u0 lhuS Iu IlS IuucImDSl IH8lIDu8 IcQuIIcS SQuIIDuS III8lIDu8
cuC8VcS 8u0 lIc8lS 8Il 8S SuCh, 8Il IS ucVcIlhccSS lhc lIulh D SDCIclj IuSD8I 8S Iu
IlS mDSl 8ulhculIC QID0uClS lhc IH8lIDu8Ilj D lhc I8UDu8 WDI0 DI0cI IS cXQIcSSc0.
u 8Il, 0cuuuCI8lIDu 8u0 8ulICIQ8lIDu 8Ic SjuCDQ8lc0. uppuriticnIumIu8lcS 8u0
lOuChcS, lDc Im8gc IS lhc Q8I80OXIC8l cOIl lO U8uSDX lhIS mOSl cV8ucSCcul uSl8ul.
u 8Il SDmclhIug mDmcul8Ij lI8uSCcu0S, DD]cClIV8lIDu m8KcS lhc 8IlWDIK IulD 8u
IuSl8ul. cIlIucul hcIc IS cu]8mIu S DImu8lIDu D 8 0I8cClIC 8l 8 Sl8u0SlI,
WhICh hc 0cVcDQc0 Iu lhc CDulcXl D hIS CDuCcQlIDu D 8 0I8cClIC8 Im8gc. , 8S
Im8gcS, 8IlWDIKS 8Ic lhc QISISlcuCc D lhc lI8uSIcul, lhcj 8Ic CDuCcuU8lc0 Iu 8Q-
Qc8I8uCc 8S SDmclhIug mDmculMj. D cXQcIIcuCc 8Il mc8uS lD DcCDmc CDuSCIDuS
D IlS Imm8ucul QIDCcSS 8S 8u IuSl8ul 8l 8 Sl8u0SlI, lhIS m8j QcIh8QS h8Vc uDuI-
IShc0 lhc CcuU8 CDuCcQl D LcSSIug S 8cSlhclICS, lh8l D lhc QIcgu8ul mDmcul.
PIlWDIKS uDl Duj QID0uCc imines8S SDmclhIug lh8l cu0uIcS. hcj DcCDmc l-
WDIKS ]uSl 8S muCh UIDugh lhc 0cSHClIDu D lhcII DWu imuerie;IDI lhIS Ic8SDu
8Il IS QIDDuu0j 8KIu lD cXQDSIDu. hcu Iu c0cKIu0S SprinAwukeninNDIIlZ
blIcc ShDDlS hImSc 0c80 WIlh 8 W8lcI QISlD 8u0 lhc CuIl8Iu 8S 8S hc S8jS.
DW WDul cVcI Dc gDIug hDmc 8g8Iu, Iu UIS IuSl8ul, 0uSK ScllcS DVcI
lhc CIlj Iu lhc 8I 0ISl8uCc, lhc uuSQc8K8Dc mc8uChDj D lhc IIVcI 8u0SC8Qc IS
cXQIcSSc0. Dl Duj 8IlWDIKS 8cgDIIcS, lhcj 8Ic lhc C8l8SUDQhIC HlDmcul
D 8cgDIIcS. hc ShDCKS IuDIClc0 Dj lhc mDSl IcCcul 8IlWDIKS 8Ic lDc cXQDSIDu D
lhcII 8QQc8I8uCc. u lhcm 8QQc8I8uCc, QIcVIDuSj 8 Sc-cVI0cul 8QIIDII D 8Il, 0IS-
SDVcS Iu 8 C8l8SlIDQhc Iu WhICh lhc cSScuCc D 8QQc8I8uCc IS DI lDc DISl lImc uj
IcVc8c0. 8u0 uDWhcIc QcIh8QS mDIc uucQuIVDC8j lh8u Iu DS S Q8IulIugS`
AK ULAUY c 6J
1Vcu lhIS VO8lIIZ8lIOu O 8cSlhclIC U8uSCcuCcuCc DcCOmcS 8cSlhclIC, 8 mc8SuIc
O lhc CcgIcc lO WhICh 8IlWOIKS 8Ic myIhC8y DOuuC uQ WIlh lhcI 8ulIlhcSIS. u
lhc IuCIucI8lIOu O 8QQc8I8uCc, 8IlWOIKS DIc8K 8W8y Iu 8 gMc IOm Ihc cmQIC8
WOIC 8uC DcCOmc lhc COuulcIDguIc O Wh8l IVcS lhcIc, 8Il lOC8y IS SC8ICcy COu-
CcIV8Dc cXCcQl 8 OIm O Ic8ClIOu lh8l 8ulICIQ8lcS lhc 8QOC8yQSc. LOScy OD-
ScIVcC, cVcu U8uQuI WOIKS CISCh8Igc uOl SO muCh Ihc Qcul-uQ cmOlOuS O IhcII
m8KcIS 8S Ihc WOIKS OWu uW8ICy 8ul8gOuISDC OICcS. hc IcSul O lhcSc OICcS IS
DOuuC uQ WIlh lhc ImQOSSIDIIly O DIugIug lhcSc OICcS lO 8uy cQuIDIIum, lhcI
8ulIuOmcS, IKc lhOSc O KuOWcCgc, 8Ic uuSOV8Dc Iu lhc uuIcCOuCIcC WOIC.
hc IuSl8ul Iu WhICh lhcSc OICcS DcCOmc Im8gc, Uc uSl8ul Iu WhICh Wh8l IS Iu-
lcIOI DcCOmcS cXlcIOI, lhc OulcI huSK IS cXQOCcC, lhcI uppuriticn,WhICh m8KcS
lhcm 8u Im8gc, 8W8yS 8l lhc S8mc lImc CcSlIOyS lhcm 8S Im8gc. u cu]8mu`S Iu-
lcIQIcI8lIOu, 8uCc8Ic S 8Dc O Uc m8u WhO OSl hIS 8uIcOc CcSCIIDcS uOl ]uSl
lhc CcmISc O 8uI8 Dul 8uI8 IlSc, I 8IlWOIKS ShIuc, lhc OD]cCIV8lIOu O 8uI8 IS lhc
Q8lh Dy WhICh Il Q0IIShcS. PS 8 IcSul O IlS CclcImu8lIOu 8S 8QQ08I8uCc, 8Il D08IS
IlS OWu ucg8lIOu cmDcCCcC Iu IlSc 8S IlS OWu lcOS, lhc SuCCcu uuOCIug O 8Q
Qc8I8uCc CISC8ImS 8cSlhclIC ScmD8uCc. PQQ08I8uCc, hOWcVcI, 8uC IlS cXQOSIOu
Iu lhc 8IlWOIK 8Ic cSSculI8y hISlODC8 . hc 8IlWOIK Iu IlSc IS uOl, 8S hISlOIICISm
WOuC h8Vc Il ~8S I IlS hISlOIy 8CCOICS SImQy WIIh IlS QOSIlIOu Iu Ic8 hISlOIy
cIug 8DSOVcC IOm cCOHIug. 8lhcI, 8S SOmclhIug lh8l cXISlS, lhc 8IlWOIK h8S
IlS OWu CcVcOQmcul. h8l 8QQc8IS Iu Ihc 8IlWOIK IS IlS OWu IuucI lImc, Ihc cX-
QOSIOu O 8QQ8I8uCc D8SlS OQcu Ihc COulIuuIIy O UIS IuucI lcmQOI8Ily. hc
8IlWOIK IS mcCI8lcC lO Ic8 hISlOIy Dy IlS mOu8COOgIC8 uuCcuS. MISlOIy IS Ihc
COulcul O 8IlWOIKS. O 8u8yZc 8IlWOIKS mc8uS uO cSS lhm lO DcCOmc COuSCIOuS
O lhc hISlOQ Imm8uculy ScCImculcC Iu lhcm.
hc Im8gc Ch8I8ClcI O WOIKS, 8l c8Sl Iu U8CIlIOu8 8Il, IS QIOD8Dy 8 uClIOu O
lhc Qtcgu8ul mOmcul. 1hIS COuC D IuSu8lcU Dy clhOVcu S SymQhOuIcS 8uC
8DOVc 8 Iu m8uy O hIS SOu8l8 mOVcmculS. NOVcmcul 8l 8 Sl8uCSlI IS clcH8IZcC
Iu lhc IuSl8ul, 8uC Wh8l h8S Dccu m8Cc clcH8 IS 8uuIhI8lcC Dy IlS IcCuClIOu lO lhc
IuSl8ul. hIS m8IKS lhc Sh8IQ CIcIcuCc O lhc Im8gc Ch8t8ClcI O 8Il HOm hOW
8gcS 8uC Juug COuCcIVcC Il. , 8lcI lhc ScQ8I8lIOu O KuOWcCgc IulO Im8gc 8uC
SIgu, lhOughl SImQy cQu8lcS lhc Im8gc WIIh IIuU, Uc uulIulh O Uc SChISm IS u
uO W8y COIIcCIcC Dul m8Cc 8 lhc WOISc, OI lhc Im8gc IS uO cSS 8cClcC Dy Uc
SChISm Ih8u IS lhc COuCcQl. PcSlhclIC Im8gcS 8Ic uO mOIc lI8uS8l8Dc IulO COu-
CcQlS lh8u lhcy 8Ic Ic8, lhcIc IS uO imucWIIhOul lhc Im8gIu8Iy, lhcII Ic8Ily IS
lhcI hISlOIC8 COulcul, 8uC lhc Im8gcS IhcmScVcS, IuCuCIug lhc hSlOIIC8 Im-
8gcS, 8Ic uOl lO Dc hyQOSl8lZcC. PcSlhclIC Im8gcS 8Ic uOl DXcC, 8ICh8C IuV8II-
8ulS. PIlWOIKS DcCOmc Im8gcS Iu lh8l lhc QIOCcSScS lh8l h8Vc COugc8cC Iu Ihcm
8S OD]cClIVIly DCOmc cOQucul. OuIgcOIS 8Il-IcIgIOu O IlhcyI8u QIOVcu8uCc
COuuScS lhc imuerie O 8Il WIIh IlS OQQOSIlc. WIlh Uc 8IlISl S QSyChOOgIC8
IcQOSIlOIy O IcQIcScul8IOuS. ul lhIS IcQOSIlOIy IS IlSc 8u ccmcul O lhc I8W
m8lcI8 OIgcC IulO lhc 8IlWOIK. hc 8lcul QIOCcSScS Iu 8IlWOIKS, WhICh DIc8K
8
_
AK1BLAU1Y
lDID0gD IulDcIuSl8ul,8Ic lDcII IuucIDISlDIICIlj,Sc0Imculc0cXlcD8DISlDIj.Dc
DIu0Iug CD8I8ClcI D lDcII DD]cClIV8lIDu 8S Wc 8S lDc cXQcIIcuCcS IDm WDICD
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S8lIS8ClIOu. hc OCI8 8SScIlIOu O 8IlWOIKS COmmOu 0uIly CO00, hOWcVcI, Dc
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CcQlu8y mc0I8lc0. hc 0OmIu8ul mO0c IS QhIISlIuc. PQQc8I8uCc IS lO Dc Q0Icy
Iul0Il8Dc 8u0 lhc COulcul Q0Icy COuCcQIu8, COIIcSQOu0Iu_ lO lhc II_I0 0IChOlOmy
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8cSIhcIIC IuluIlIOu COuCc8S IhcII uO cSS 8Sc, II_I0 QO8IIIy, lhc 8cSIhcIICS O Iulu-
IIIOu IS O0u0c0 Ou lhc mO0c O 8 IhIu_. 1u lhc SyuIhcSIS O lhc 8IlI8Cl lhc lcuSIOu,
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1uluIl8DIIly'

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ScI O Im8_cS, lh8I COIIcSQOu0S lO Wh8I IlcI8l0Ic S8yS, Ou lhc COuU8Iy, IIS COuCIc-
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Il IS SuSc0 WIlh lhc uOuScuSuOuS, Iu 8CCOI08uCc WIlh lhc OXymOIOu O uOu-
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OICcS WIlh lh8l QhIISlIuISm lh8l IS 8W8yS Ic80y lO 0uD Ihc muSIC Il Du0S COZy 8
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lhIOu_h mcmOIy OI cXQcCl8lIOu, COmQcXcS lh8l hO0 SuCh C8lc_OIIC8 0clcImIu8-
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8 mcIc COuIIuu8lIOu lhc 8l lImcS 0ISl8ul Ic8lIOuS DclWccu lhc 0cVcOQmcul O lhc
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0IIcClIOu O IhcII uuIly Iu 8Il lh8l lhc SIlu8lIOu IS uO 0IcIcul Iu lhc VISu8 8IlS. hc
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C8uuOl Dc Ic8IZc0 WIIhOul Ihc IuCuSIOu O lhc 0ISCuISIVc 0ImcuSIOu. lhc 8Il-
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COulIu_cuCy O Wh8l cXISlS ScuSuOuSy 8u0 Immc0I8lcy, lO WhICh lhc 8IlWOIX Iu
8Cl OQQOScS IlS OWu lyQc O O_ICIly . lS Qu8Ily IS 0clcImIuc0 Dy WhclhcI IlS COu-
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ScIVcS lhc 0IChOlOmy O I8lIOu8Ily 8u0 ScuSuOuSucSS lh8l SOCIcly QcIQclI8lcS 8u0
I0cOO_IC8y cu]OIuS. PIl WOu0 ucc0 I8lhcI lO WOIX Iu cD_y 8_8IuSl lhIS 0I-
ChOlOmy lhIOu_h lhc CIIlIQuc lh8l Il OD]cClIVcy cmDO0IcS, lhIOu_h 8IIS IcSlIIC-
lIOu lO ScuSuOuSucSS lhIS 0IChOlOmy IS Ouy COuDImc0. hc uuII0lh 8lI8CXc0 Dy 8Il
IS uOl I8lIOu8Ily Dul I8lIOu8Ily S II_I0 OQQOSIlIOu lO lhc Q81lICu8I, I 8Il ScQ8I8lcS
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lh8l II_I0IDC8lIOu, V8OIIZIu_ lhc 0clIIluS O SOIcl8 I8IIOu8Ily 8u0 lhcIcDy ScIV-
Iu_ lO 0ISlI8Cl IOm lhIS I8lIOu8Ily. hc mOIc _8QcSSy 8 WOIX SccXS lO Dc Iulu-
Il8Dc 8u0 lhuS HD 8cSlhclIC QIcCcQl, Ihc mOIc IlS SQIIIlu8 ccmcul IS IcIDc0,
p Hm Ihc 8QQc8I8uCc 8u0 ISO8lc0 IOm lhc OImIu_ O uppuriticn.chIu0
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Oul Ou Ihc SO8 WhIc lhc SOu SO8IS lO lhc hcI_hlS PcSlhclIC 8QQc8I8uCc IS lO Dc
cOIlcSS Ic8X8lIOu, lhc IcQIO0uCIIOu O 8DOI QOWcI, 8u0 SQIIIl IS Ic0uCc0 h8u0-
Iy lO Wh8l IS C8c0 lhc WOIXS `mcSS8_c. LOuSlIlulIVcy 8 QIOlcSl 8_8IuSl Ihc
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8u0 IucVIl8Dy SummOu OIlh COuCcQlS. WO WOIX h8S cVcI 8ChIcVc0 Ihc Iu0IcI-
cuCc O QuIc IuluIl8DIIly 8u0 DIu0Iu_ uuIVcIS8Ily Ih8l IS QIcSuQQOSc0 8 QIIOII Dy
U80IIIOu8 8cSIhclICS. hc 0OClIIuc O IuluIlIOu IS 8Sc DcC8uSc Il QhcuOmcuOO_I-
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AK1BLA\1Y | 99
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uOuIuluIlIVc clcmculS O 8IlWOIKS IS uOl WIlhOul ]uSlIDC8lIOu. h8l IS COuCcQlu8l
Iu 8IlWOIKS IuVOlVcS ]u0gmcul, 8u0 lO ]u0gc IS COulI8Ij lO lhc 8IlWOIK. PllhOugh
]u0gmculS m8j OCCuI Iu Il, lhc WOIK IlScl 0OcS uOl m8Kc ]u0gmculS, QcIh8QS Dc-
C8uSc cVcI SIuCc PllIC U8gc0j lhc WOIK h8S Dccu 8 hc8IIug. lhc 0ISCuISIVc clc-
mcul l8KcS QIIm8Cj, lhc Icl8lIOu O lhc 8IlWOIK lO Wh8l IS cXlcD8l lO Il DcCOmcS
8ll lOO uumc0I8lc0 8u0 Uc WOIK 8CCOmO08lcS IlScl cVcu 8l lhOSc QOIulS WhcIc,
Iu IcChl, Il l8KcS QII0c Iu Sl8u0Iug Iu OQQOSIlIOu lO Ic8lIlj hc WOIK 8Clu8lj
DcCOmcS QOSIlIVISlIC. hc 8IlWOIK muSl 8DSOID IulO IlS Imm8ucul ucXuS IlS 0ISCuI-
SIVc COmQOuculS Iu 8 mOVcmcul lh8l IS COuU8Ij lO lhc cXlcD8llj 0IIcClc0, 8QO-
Qh8ulIC mOVcmcul lh8l Iclc8ScS lhc 0ISCuISIVc. hc l8ugu8gc O 80V8uCc0 ljIIC8l
QOclIj 8ChIcVcS lhIS, 8u0 lh8l IS hOW Il IcVc8lS IlS SQcCIDC 0I8lcClIC. l IS cVI0cul
lh8l 8IlWOIKS C8u hc8 lhc WOuu0S U8l 8DSlI8ClIOu IuIClS Ou lhcm Oulj lhIOugh
lhc hcIghlcuIug O 8DSlI8ClIOu, WhICh ImQc0cS Uc COul8mIu8lIOu O lhc COuCcQ-
lu8l cImcul WIlh cmQIIIC8l Ic8lIlj. hc COuCcQl DcCOmcS 8 Q8I8mclcI. u0cc0,
DcC8uSc 8Il IS cSSculI8llj SQIIIlu8, Il C8uuOl Dc QuIclj IuluIlIVc. l muSl 8lSO D
lhOughl 8Il IlScl lhIuKS. hc QIcV8lcuCc O lhc 0OCUIuc O IuluIlIOu, WhICh COu-
lI80IClS 8ll cXQcIIcuCc O MWOIKS, IS 8 IccX lO SOCI8l IcIDC8lIOu. R 8mOuulS lO
lhc cSl8DlIShmcul O 8 SQcCI8l SQhcIc O Immc0I8Cj lh8l IS DlIu0 lO lhc lhIug-lIKc
0ImcuSIOuS O 8IlWOIKS, WhICh mc COuSlIlulIVc O Wh8l Iu 8Il gOS DcjOu0 lhc
lhIug 8S SuCh. POl Oulj 0O 8IlWOIKS, 8S McI0cggcI QOIulc0 Oul Iu OQQOSIlIOu lO I0c-
8lISm,' h8Vc lhIugS lh8l uuClIOu 8S lhcII Dc8IcIS lhcII OWu OD]cClIV8lIOu m8KcS
lhcm IulO lhIugS O 8 ScCOu0 OI0cI. h8l lhcj h8Vc DcCOmc Iu lhcmSclVcSlhcII
IuucI SlIuCluIc, WhICh OllOWS lhc WOIK S Imm8ucul lOgICC8uuOl Dc Ic8Chc0 Dj
QuIc IuluIlIOu, Iu lhc WOIK Wh8l IS 8V8Il8Dlc lO IuluIlIOu IS mc0I8lc0 Dj lhc SUuC-
luIc O lhc WOIk, Iu COulI8Sl lO WhICh lhc IuluIl8Dlc I8 8 m8llcI O Iu0IcIcuCc.
LVcIj cXQcIIcuCc O 8IlWOIKS muSl gO DcjOu0 Wh8l IS IuluIl8Dlc Iu lhcm. lhcj
WcIc uOlhIug Dul IuluIl8Dlc lhcj WOul0 Dc O SuD8llcD ImQOIl8uCc, Iu 8gucI S
WOI0S. 8u ccCl WIlhOul 8 C8uSc. bcIDC8lIOu IS cSSculI8l lO 8IlWOIKS 8u0 COulI8-
0IClS lhcII cSScuCc lh8l WhICh 8QQc8IS, lhcII Qu8lIlj O DcIug 8 lhIug IS uO lcSS
0I8lcClIC8l lh8u lhcII IuluIl8Dlc clcmcul. ul lhc OD]cClIV8lIOu O lhc 8IlWOIK IS
uOl8S W8S lhOughl Dj IIc0IICh hcO0OI NISChcI, WhO uO lOugcI culIIclj uu0cI-
SlOO0 McgcluuIl8Ij WIlh IlS m8lcII8l, I8lhcI, IlS OD]cClIV8lIOu IS lhc IcSull O lhc
Ql8j O OICcS Iu lhc WOIK 8u0 Icl8lc0 lO IlS lhIug-Ch8I8ClcI 8S 8u 8Cl O SjulhcSIS.
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l8W O IlS QhcuOmcu8. OI 8IlWOIKS 8Ic lhIugS Iu SQ8Cc 8u0 lImc, WhclhcI lhIS
hOl0S OI hjDII0 muSIC8l OImS SuCh 8S ImQIOVIS8lIOu, OuCc cXlIuCl 8u0 uOW
IcSuSCIl8lc0, IS h8I0 lO 0cCI0c, Iu MWOIKS lhc clcmcul lh8l QIcCc0cS lhcII DX8lIOu
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l
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DD]cClIHc0 Dj VIIluc D lhcII Q8IlICu8I 8W D DIm. h8l IB 0I8m8 BDl lhc lcXl Dul
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8Il, WhICh 0OS BDl, hDWcVcI, lhcIcDj Icc8Sc lhc 8IlWDIK IDm IlS Q8IlICIQ8lIDB IB
lhc WDI0 D lhIBgS. DI SCDIcS 8Ic BDl DBj 8mDSl 8W8jS DcllcI lh8B lhc QcIDI-
m8BCcS, lhcj 8Ic mDIc lh8B SImQj IBSlIuClIDBS DI lhcm, lhcj 8Ic IB0cc0 lhc lhIBg
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lIBCl. hc Ic8IZ8lIDB D muSIC W8S, 8l c8Sl uBlI IcCcBlj, lhc IBlcIIBc8I VcISIDB D
lhc SCDIc. hc hX8lIDB lhIDugh QIIBl DI SCDIcS IS BDl cXlcD8 lD lhc WDIK, DBj
lhIDugh lhcm 0DcS lhc WDIK DcCDmc 8ulDBDmDuS HDm IlS gcBcSIS. h8l cXQ8IBS
lhc QIIm8Cj D lhc lcXl DVcI IlS QIDIm8BCc. h8l IS BDl hX8lc0 IB 8Il IS DI lhc
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8DDVclhc hX8lc0, 8 VcSlIgc D 8B DDSDclc 8B0 uSu8j IcgIcSSIVc QI8ClICc. hc
mDSl IcCcBl IcDcIDB 8g8IBSl lhc HX8lIDB D 8IlWDIKS 8S IcIHC8lIDB, DI IBSl8BCc
lhc IcQ8CcmcBl D lhc mcBSuI8 SjSlcm WIlh BcumIC-gI8QhIC ImIl8lIDBS D muSI-
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cVc. L CDuISc lhIS IcDcIDB WDu0 BDl Dc cXlcBSIVc I lhc 8IlWDIK 0I0 BDl Su-
cI IDm IlS ImmMcBl CDB0IlIDB 8S 8 lhIBg. LBj 8 QhIISlIBc 8B0 SluDDDD 8Ilh IB
8IlISlS CDu0 DVcIDDK lhc CDmQICIlj D lhc 8IlWDIK S lhIBg-Ch8I8ClcI WIlh SDCI8
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8 Ic8lIDB DclWccB ccmcBlS. hc 8IlWDIK IS 8l DBCc QIDCcSS 8B0 IBSl8Bl. lS DD-
]cClIV8lIDB, 8 CDB0IlIDB D 8cSlhclIC 8ulDBDmj, IS 8SD IIgI0IHC8lIDB. hc mDIc lhc
SDCI8 8DDI Sc0ImcBlc0 IB lhc 8IlWDIK IS DD]cClIHc0 8B0 uj DImc0, lhc mDIc
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8VDI D Q8j, 8S cB]8mB SuQQDSc0, lhDugh lhcD IS BD mSl8KIBg lhc Q8jH
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mcBlS. hc CIISIS D ScmD8BCc m8j cBgu Q8j 8S Wc, DI lhc h8ImcSSBcSS D
Q8j 0cScIVcS lhc S8mc 8lc 8S 0OS h8ImDBj, WhCh DIgIB8lcS IB ScmD8BCc. P
lh8l SccKS lD Ic0ccm IlSc IDm ScmD8BCc lhIDugh Q8j DcCDmcS SQDIl. P mc8-
SuIc D lhc IBlcBSIlj D lhc CIISIS D ScmD8BCc IS lh8l Il h8S Dc8cB muSIC, WhICh
primuvistuIS IBImIC8 lD lhc Iu8DIj. B muSIC, HClVc ccmcBlS WIlhcI 8W8j cVcB
IB lhcI SuDIm8lc0 DIm, WhICh IBCu0cS BDl DBj lhc cXQIcSSIDB D BDBcXISlcBl
ccIBgS Dul cVcB SUuCluI8 ccmcBlS SuCh 8S lhc HClIDB D 8 lDl8Ilj lh8l IS IcCDg-
BIZc0 8S uBIc8IZ8Dc. 1B gIc8l muSIC SuCh 8S cclhDVcB S8B0 QIDD8Dj lhIS
hD0S Uuc 8I DjDB0 lhc I8Bgc D lhc lcmQDI8 8IlS ~lhc SD-C8c0 QIIm8 ccmcBlS
bL%bLANLL ANO LXKLbbLN c I I
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cmculS 8SmQlDlIC8 8QQIDXIm8lc uDlhIugucSS 0D lhc mc0~8S 8 QuIc QIDCcSS
D DcCDmIug IulD 8 WhDc. PS 0IHcIculI8lc0 Q8IlI8 ccmculS, hDWcVcI, lImc 8u0
8g8Iu lhc W8ul lD Dc SDmclhIug QIcVIDuS cXISlcul. 8 mDlI DI 8 lhcmc. hc Im-
m8ucul uDlhIugucSS D IlS ccmcul8I 0clcImIu8lIDuS 0I8WS IulcgI8 8Il 0DWu IulD
lhc 8mDIQhDuS, WhDSc gI8VIl8lIDu8 Qu IuCIc8ScS lhc mDIc lhDIDugh 81l IS DI-
g8uIZc0. l IS cXCuSIVc lhc 8mDIQhDuS lh8l m8KcS lhc IulcgI8lIDu D lhc 8IlWDIK
QDSSIDc. hIDugh lhc CDmQclIDu D lhc WDIK, D ScllIug uuDImc0 u8luIc 8l 8 0IS-
l8uCc, lhc u8luI8 ccmcul IcluDS 8S Wh8l h8S cl lD Dc DImc0, 8S lhc uDu81lICu-
8lc0. hcu 8IlWDIKS 8Ic VIcWc0 uu0cI lhc CDScSl SCIulIu, lhc mDSl DD]cClIV8lc0
Q8IulIugS mcl8mDIQhDSc IulD 8 SW8mIug m8SS 8u0 lcXlS SQIulcI IulD WDI0S. PS
SDDu 8S Duc Im8gIucS h8VIug 8 0Im gI8SQ Du lhc 0cl8IS D 8u 8IlWDIK, Il 0ISSDVcS
IulD lhc Iu0clcImIu8lc 8u0 uu0IcIculI8lc0, SD mc0I8lc0 IS Il. hIS IS lhc m8uI-
cSl8lIDu D 8cSlhclIC ScmD8uCc Iu lhc SlIuCluIc D 8IlWDIKS. 1u0cI mICIDDgIC8
Slu0, lhc Q81lICu8I~lhc 8IlWDIKS VIl8 ccmcul~IS VD8lIIZc0, IlS CDuCIclIDu
V8uIShcS. hc QIDCcSS, WhICh Iu c8Ch WDIK l3cS DD]cClIVc Sh8Qc, IS DQQDSc0 lD IlS
DX8lIDu 8S SDmclhIug lD QDIul lD, 8u0 0ISSDVcS D8CK IDm WhcuCc Il C8mc. P-
WDIKS lhcmScVcS 0cSlID lhc C8Im lD DD]cClIV8lIDu lh8l lhc I8ISc. hIS IS 8
mc8SuIc D lhc QIDHu0Il WIlh WhICh IuSIDu SuHScS 81lWDIKS, cVcu lhc uDu-
IcQIcScul8lIDu8 DucS. hc Uulh D 8IlWDIKS 0cQcu0S Du WhclhcI lhc SuCCcc0 8l
8DSDIDIug IulD UcII Imm8ucul ucCcSSIl Wh8l IS uDl I0culIC8 WIlh lhc CDuCcQl,
Wh8l IS 8CCDI0Iug lD lh8l CDuCcQl 8CCI0cul8. hc QuIQDScuucSS D 81lWDIKS Ic-
guIIcS lhc QuIQDSccSS, WIlh lhc IcSul lh8l UcII DWu CDuSISlcuC IS QIc0IC8lc0 Du
lhc IuSDI, ScmD8uCc IS Iu0cc0 lhcII DgIC. D cXISl, lhcII QuIQDScuucSS muSl
Dc SuSQcu0c0 lh1Dugh IlS DlhcI. WIclZSChc lDuChc0 Du lhIS WIlh lhc DDVIDuS
QIDDcm8lIC 0IClum lh8l Iu 8u 8lWDIK cVcIlhIug C8u ]uSl 8S Wc Dc 0IHcIcul
IDm lhc W8 Il IS, QIcSum8D lhIS hD0S Uuc, Du WIlhIu lhc CDu0ucS D 8u
cSl8DIShc0 I0IDm, WIlhIu 8 `Slc lh8l gu8I8ulccS SDmc DIc80U D V8II8lIDu.
lhc Imm8ucul CDSuIc D 8IlWDIKS IS uDl lD Dc l8Kcu SlIICl, hDWcVcI, ScmD8uCc
DVcIl8KcS lhcm QIcCISc 8l lhc QDIul lhc Im8gIuc lhcmScVcS DcSl QIDlcClc0 IDm
Il. hc gIVc lhc Ic lD lhc C8Im lD CDSuIc D 0IS8VDWIug lhc DD]cClIVIl lhc QID-
0uCc. hc lhcmScVcS, uDl ]uSl lhc IuSIDu lhc cVDKc, 8Ic lhc 8cSlhclIC Scm-
D8uCc. hc IuSDI gu8Il D 8IlWDIKS IS CDu0cuSc0 Iu lhcII C8Im lD WhDcucSS.
PcSlhclIC uDmIu8ISm CumIu8lcS Iu lhc CIISIS D ScmD8uCc IuSD8I 8S lhc 8IlWDIK
W8ulS lD Dc cmQh8lIC8 SuDSl8ulI8. hc IIIIl8lIDu WIlh ScmD8uCc h8S IlS DCuS Iu
lhc DD]cCl IlSc. D08 cVcI ccmcul D 8cSlhclIC ScmD8uCc IuCu0cS 8cSlhclIC
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8u0 Wh8l Il IS. hIDugh IlS 8QQc8I8uCc Il 8S C8Im lD SuDSl8ulI8Il, Il hDuDIS lhIS
C8Im ucg8lIVc cVcu lhDugh lhc QDSIlIVIl D IlS 8Clu8 8QQc8I8uCc 8SScIlS lhc
gcSluIc D SDmclhIug mDIc, 8 Q8lhDS lh8l cVcu lhc I80IC8 Q8lhDS-8Icu WDIK IS
uu8Dc lD SDugh D. hlhc gucSlIDu 8S lD lhc uluIc D 8Il WcIc uDl IuIlcSS 8u0
SuSQICIDuS lcChuDCI8lIC, Il WDu0 CDmc 0DWu lD WhclhcI 8Il C8u DulIVc Scm-
lZ . bL%ULANL1 ANO LXKLbb1LN
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CDSlumcS Iu lhc lhc8lcI. M8mcl Iu 8 SuIl, LDhcugIIu WIUDul 8 SW8u. hIS W8S QcI-
h8QS uDl SD muCh 8 IcVDl 8g8IuSl lhc IuIIugcmcul D 8IlWDIKS Du lhc QIcV8IIug
Ic8ISlIC mcul8Ilj 8S 8g8IuSl lhcII Imm8ucul imerie,WhICh lhcj WcIc uD DugcI
8Dc lD SuQQDIl. hc DcgIuuIug D tIDuSlS Recherche IS lD Dc IulcIQIclcC 8S lhc
cDIl lD DulWIl MlS IuSDIIucSS. lD Slc8 ImQcICcQlIVcj IulD lhc mDu8C D lhc
8IlWDIK WIlhDul DICIDy QDSIlIug IlS Imm8ucuCc D DDu 8uC WIlhDul cIguIug
8u DmuIQIcScul 8uC DmuISCIcul u8II8lDI. hc CDulcmQDI8Ij QIDDcm 8CcC Dj 8
8IlWDIKS, hDW lD DcgIu 8uC hDW lD CDSc, IuCIC8lcS lhc QDSSIDIIlj D 8 CDmQIc-
hcuSIVc 8uC m8lcII8 lhcDIj D 8cSlhclIC DDu lh8l WDuC 8SD uccC lD Uc8l lhc
C8lcgDIIcS D CDulIuuIlj, CDulI8Sl, U8uSIlIDu, CcVcDQmcul, 8uC lhc `KuDl, 8S Wc
8S, Du8j, WhclhcI lDC8j cVcIjUIug muSl Dc cQu8j uc8I lhc mICQDIul DI C8u
h8Vc CIcIcul CcuSIlIcS. LuIIug lhc uIuclcculh CculuQ 8cSlhclIC ScmD8uCc W8S
hcIghlcucC lD lhc QDIul D Qh8ul8Sm8gDII8. PIlWDIKS c8CcC lhc U8CcS D lhcII
QIDCuClIDu, QIDD8Dj DcC8uSc lhc VIClDIIDuS QDSIlIVISlIC SQIIIl QucU8lcC 8Il lD Uc
CcgIcc lh8l 8Il 8SQIIcC lD Dc 8 8Cl 8uC W8S 8Sh8mcC D Wh8lcVcI IcVc8cC IlS CDm-
Q8Cl ImmcCI8lcucSS 8S mcCI8lcC.' PIlWDIKS DDcjcC lhIS lcuCcuCj Wc IulD 8lc
mDCcDISm. PIlS IuSDIIucSS QIDgIcSSIVcj DcC8mc 8DSDulc, lhIS IS CDuCc8cC
DchIuC Mcgc S lcDu `8Il-IcIgIDu, WhICh W8S l8Kcu IlcI8j Dj lhc DcuVIc D lhc
bChDQcuh8ucII8u 8gucI. NDCcHISm SuDScQuculj IcDccC 8g8IuSl lhc Scm-
D8uCc D 8 ScmD8uCc lh8l CcuIcS Il IS SuCh. McIc lhc m8uj cDIlS CDuVcIgc lh8l
8Ic uuCISguIScCj CclcDuIucC lD QIcICc Uc 8IlWDIK S hcDclIC Imm8ucul ucXuS,
lD Icc8Sc lhc QIDCuClIDu Iu lhc QIDCuCl, 8uC, WIlhIu ImIlS, lD Qul lhc QIDCcSS D
QIDCuClIDu Iu lhc Q8Cc D IlS IcSulS8u IulculIDu, IuCICcul8j, lh8l W8S h8ICj
DIcIgu lD lhc gIc8l IcQIcScul8lIVcS D lhc ICc8ISl cQDCh. hc Qh8ul8Sm8gDIIC8
SICc D 8IlWDIKS, WhICh m8Cc lhcm IIHSISlIDc, DcC8mc SuSQICIDuS lD lhcm uDl
Duj Iu lhc SD-C8cC ucD-DD]cClIVc mDVcmculS, lh8l IS, Iu HuClIDu8ISm, Dul 8SD
Iu U8CIlIDu8 DDuS SuCh 8S lhc uDVc. u lhc uDVc lhc IuSIDu D QccQIug IulD 8
DDX 8uC 8 WDIC DcjDuC, WhICh IS CDuUDcC Dj lhc DClIVc DmuIQIcScuCc D lhc
u8II8lDI, ]DIuS DICcS WIlh lhc C8Im lD lhc Ic8Ilj D 8 8ClIlIDuS WDIC lh8l IS
8l lhc S8mc lImc, 8S DClIDu, uuIc8. hDSc 8ulIQDCcS, LcDIgc 8uC 8I I8uS,
Ic]cClcC lhc uDVc, Dul cVcu lhc uDVcISlS tIDuSl 8uC LICc, WhD CDmmculcC Du
lhc DD S QuIc Imm8ucuCc Dj DIc8KIug lhIDugh Il, 8Ic lcSlImDuj lD lhc S8mc
m88ISc 8uC uDl mcIcj lhc Dlcu 8CCuCcC 8ulIIDm8ulIC mDDC D lhc lImc. hc
Qh8ul8Sm8gDIIC8 CImcuSIDu, WhICh SlIcuglhcuS lhc IuSIDu D lhc DcIug-Iu-IlSc
D WDIKS lcChuDDgIC8j, CDuC Dc DcllcI uuCcISlDDC 8S lhc IIV8 D lhc IDm8ulIC
8IlWDIK, WhICh Dm lhc DcgIuuIug S8DDl8gcC lhc Qh8ul8Sm8gDIIC8 CImcuSIDu
lhIDugh IIDuj. th8ul8Sm8gDII8 DcC8mc 8u cmD8II8SSmcul DcC8uSc Uc g8QcSS
DcIug-Iu-IlSc, 8lcI WhICh lhc QuIc 8IlWDIK SUIVcS, IS IuCDmQ8lIDc WIlh IlS CclcI-
mIu8lIDu 8S SDmclhIug hum8uj m8Cc 8uC lhcIcDIc 8S 8 lhIug Iu WhICh lhc WDIC
D lhIugS IS cmDcCCcC 8 QIIDII. hc CI8cClIC D mDCcH 8Il IS 8Igcj lh8l Il W8ulS
lD Sh8Kc D IlS IuSDIIucSS IKc 8u 8uIm8 UjIug lD Sh8Kc D IlS 8ulcIS. hc 8QDI-
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Sl8lcS 8B0 8QQIOXIm8lc0 lhc QSyChO_I8Qh. B lhc 8lcIm8lh O lh8l IcDcIOB, hOW-
cVcI, 8IlWOIKS 8Ic 8l lhc QOIBl O Ic_IcSSIB_ lO lhc Sl8luS O 8 mcIc lhIB_ 8S I IB
QuBIShmcBl OI lhc huDIIS O DcIB_ mOIc lh8B 8Il. hc IcCcBl 8B0 OI lhc mOSl Q8Il
ChI0IShy I_BOI8Bl cmu8lIOB O SCIcBCc IS lhc mOSl l8B_IDc SymQlOm O lhIS Ic-
_IcSSIOB. N8By WOIKS O COBlcmQOI8Iy muSIC 8B0 Q8IBlIB_, IB SQIlc O lhc 8DScBCc
O IcQIcScBl8lIOB8 OD]cClIVIly 8B0 cXQIcSSIOB, WOu0 II_hly Dc SuDSumc0 Dy lhc
COBCcQl O 8 ScCOB0 B8luI8ISm. LIu0cy QhySIC8ISlIC QIOCc0uIcS IB lhc m8lcII8
8B0 C8Cu8Dc Ic8lIOBS DclWccB Q8I8mclcIS hcQcSSy IcQIcSS 8cSlhclIC Scm-
D8BCc 8B0 lhcIcDy IcVc8 lhc lIulh O lhcII QOSIlc0BcSS. hc 0IS8QQc8I8BCc O lhIS
QOSIlc0BcSS IBlO lhcII 8ulOBOmOuS BcXuS cH DchIB0 8uI8 8S 8 IchcX O hum8B
Sc-OD]cClIV8lIOB. hc 8cI_y lO 8uI8, IOm WhICh BO 8tl lO08y IS 8Dc lO cSC8Qc,
IS IBScQ8I8Dc Om lhc cIuQlIOB O IBhum8BIly. hIS IcBcWc0 IcIHC8lIOB, lhc Ic-
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8B0 Qh8Bl8Sm8_OIIC8 _uIl 8Ic IBcXlIIC8Dy IBlcIlWIBc0. PS SOOB 8S lhc 8tlWOIK
c8IS OI IlS QuIIly SO 8B8lIC8y lh8l Il OScS 8Ilh IB IlS QOSSIDIIly 8B0 Dc_IBS lO
0ISQ8y OulW8I0y Wh8l C8BBOl DcCOmc 8Il~C8BV8S 8B0 mcIc lOBcS~Il DcCOmcS
IlS OWB cBcmy, lhc 0IIcCl 8B0 8Sc COBlIBu8lIOB O QuIQOScH I8lIOB8Ily. hIS
lcB0cBCy CumIB8lcS IB lhc huppenin.hcIc IS BO ScQ8I8lIB_ Wh8l IS c_IlIm8lc IB
lhc IcDcIOB 8_8IBSl ScmD8BCc 8S IuSIOB HOm Wh8l IS IuSOIylhc hOQc lh8l
8cSlhclIC ScmD8BCc COu0 IcSCuc IlSc HOm lhc mOI8SS IB WhICh Il IS SuBK Dy
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Ic8Ily, hOWcVcI 8lcBl, 8B0 lhcIcOIc C8BBOl D cc0 IOm IuSIOB cIlhcI. tOI
cVcIylhIB_ lh8l 8IlWOIKS COBl8IB WIlh Ic_8I0 lO OIm 8B0 m8lcII8S, SQIIIl 8B0 SuD-
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IlSc O IlS Ic8Ily. huS lhc 8IlWOIK 8SO DcCOmcS IlS 8lcIIm8_c. LVcB lhc QuIcSl
8cSlhclIC 0clcImIB8lIOB, 8QQc8IMCc, IS mc0I8lc0 lO Ic8Ily 8S IlS 0clcImIB8lc
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lhc S8Kc O lhcII OWB COBCcQl 8IlWOIKS W8Blc0 8DSOulcy lO 0cSlIOy lhIS IccI-
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IB0cc0 IBDBIlcy 0ICul IB lh8l Il muSl lI8BSCcB0 IlS COBCcQl IB OI0cI lO uD Il,
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Omy O 8cSlhclIC ScmD8BCc Dy mc8BS O 8 COBCcQl O 8DSOulc 8QQcM8BCc. bcm-
D8BCc, WhICh hcI80S lhc IBc8Dc, 0OcS BOl IlcI8y m8Kc 8IlWOIKS cQIQh8BIcS,
hOWcVcI 0IDCul Il m8y Dc OI _cBuIBc 8cSlhclIC cXQcIIcBCc BOl lO lIuSl lh8l lhc
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ScmD8uCc IOm WIC lcIc IS uO cSC8Qc CVcu OI 8Il l8l 0cSUOjS lIS ScmD8uCc.
huO I0c8ISl mISuu0CISlM0Iu_ WcIc lO Dc cMc0, Ouc COu0 OImu8lc lC 8W O
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DS uQ DClIDBS IB IlS C8Im lD 8cSlclIC uBIlj, WclcI DB lc @DuB0S U8l IlS
Q8IlS 0D BDl SQDBl8BcDuSj CDcIc 8B0 l8l uBIlj IS SImQj ImQSc0 DB lcm, DI
U8l lc ccmcBIS Mc QIc8DIIC8lc0 lD Hl lIS uBIlj 8B0 8Ic BDl Uuj ccmcBlS. c
QuI8Ilj m MlWDIXS IS BDl W8l Il W8S cmQIIIC8j Dul I8lcI W8l Il DcCDmcS 8S
SDDB Il cBlcIS UcII 0Dm8IB, lIS CDB0cmBS 8cSlclIC IcCDBCII8lIDB 8S 8cSlclI-
C8j SQCIDuS. c 8IlWDIX IS ScmDMCc BDl DBj 8S lc 8BlIlcSIS lD cXISlcBCc
Dul 8SD IB IlS DWB lcImS. l IS Dcc8_ucIc0 WIl IBCDBSISlcBCIcS. j VIIluc D lcII
BcXuS D mc8BIB_, lc DI_8BDB D lcII ScmD8BCc, 8IlWDIXS Scl lcmScVcS uQ
lIB_S l8l cXISl IB lcmScVcS. j IBlc_I8lIB_ lcm, mc8BIB_ IlSc~l8l WIC
CIc8lcS uBIlj~IS 8SScIlc0 8S DcIB_ QIcScBl IB lc WDIX, cVcB lDu_ Il IS BDl 8C-
lu8. NcMIB_, WIC ccClS ScmD8BCc, QIc0DmIB8lcS IB lc ScmDMCc C8I8C-
lcI. 3cl lc ScmD8BCc D mc8BIB_ 0DS BDl cX8uSlIVcj 0cHBc mc8BIB_. 1DI lc
mc8BIB_ D 8B MlWDIX IS 8l lc S8mc lImc lc cSScBCc U8l CDBCc8S IlSc IB lc
8Clu8, mc8BIB_ SummDBS IBlD 8QQc8I8BCc W8l 8QQ8I8BCc DUcIWISc DDSUClS.
IS IS lc QuQDSc D lc DI_8BIZ8lIDB D 8B 8IlWDIX, D DIIB_IB_ IlS ccmcBlS lD-
_clcI IBlD 8B cDgucBl Ic8lIDB. 3cl Il IS 0ICul lIDu_ CIIlIC8 cX8mIB8lIDB lD
0ISlIB_uIS lIS 8Im HDm lc 8Im8lIVc ScmD8BCc D lc 8Clu8Ilj D mc8BIB_ IB
8 8SIDB l8l WDu0 Dc 0cHBIlIVc cBDu_ lD S8lIS] lc QIDSDQIC8 CDBSIIuClIDB
D CDBCcQlS. LVcB WIc 8Il IB0IClS lc CDBCc8c0 cSScBCc, WIC Il SummDBS IBlD
8QQ8I8BCc, mDBSUDuS, lIS Bc_8lIDB 8l lc S8mc lImc QDSIIS 8S IlS DWB mc8-
SuIc 8B cSScBCc l8l IS BDl QIcScBl, l8l D QDSSIDIIlj, mc8BIB_ IBcIcS cVcB IB lc
0IS8VDW8 D mc8BIB_. cC8uSc mc8BIB_, WcBcVcI Il IS m8BIcSl IB 8B 8IlWDIX,
Icm8JBS DDuB0 uQ WIl ScmD8BCc, 8 8Il IS cB0DWc0 WIl S80BcSS, 8Il _IIcVcS
8 lc mDIc, lc mDIc CDmQclcj IlS SuCCcSSu uBIDC8lIDB Su__cSlS mc8BIB_,
8B0 Ic S80BcSS IS cI_lcBc0 Dj lc ccIB_ D `L, WcIc Il DBj SD. Nc8BCDj
IS lc S80DW D W8l JB 8 DIm JS clcID_cBDuS, WIC DIm SlIIVcS lD D8B-
IS. mcIc cXISlcBCc. B 8QQj 8IlWDIXS, mc8BCDj 8BlICIQ8lcS Uc Bc_8lIDB D
mc8BIB_ IB lDSc l8l 8Ic uB0cImIBc0, lc IcVcISc Im8_c D DB_IB_. 8l I80I-
8lcS WDI0cSSj HDm 8IlWDIXS IS l8l l S, lIDWB IBlD IcIc Dj I~lc uBDC8l-
8Dc _I8mm8lIC8 SuD]cCl~S nOI, Il C8BBDl Dc IccHc0 0cmDBSU8lIVcj lD 8Bj
lIB_ IB lc WDI0 U8l QIcVIDuSj cXISlS. B Uc ulDQI8 D IlS DIm, 8Il DcB0S uB0cI
lc DuI0cBSDmc WcI_l D lc cmQIIIC8 WDI0 IDm WIC, 8S 8Il, Il SRQS 8W8j.
LlcIWISc, 8IlS CDBSumm8lcBcSS IS DDW. c ScmD8BCc D 8IlWDIXS IS DDuB0
uQ WIl lc QH_IcSS D lcII IBlc_I8lIDB, WIC Ucj 80 lD 0cm8B0 D lcmScVcS
I
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5LMBLANLLANDLXPKL55lON
8u0 lhIOu_h WhICh lhcII COulcul SccmS Immc0I8lcy QIcScul. hc lhcOO_IC8 hcII-
l8_c O 8Il IS lhc ScCu8IIZ8lIOu O IcVc8lIOu, WhICh 0cDucS lhc I0c8 8u0 ImIl O
cVcIy WOIX. hc COul8mIu8lIOu O 8Il WIlh IcVc8lIOu WOu0 8mOuul lO lhc uuIc-
DcClIVc IcQclIlIOu O IlS clISh Ch8I8ClcI Ou lhc cVc O lhcOIy. hc cI80IC8lIOu O
cVcIy lI8Cc O IcVc8lIOu IOm 8Il WOu0, hOWcVcI, 0c_I80c Il lO lhc uu0IcIculI-
8lc0 IcQclIlIOu O lhc Sl8luS QuO. P COhcIcuCc O mc8uIu_ uuIly IS COulII Vc0 Dy
8Il DcC8uSc Il 0OcS uOl cXISl 8u0 DcC8uSc 8S 8IlIDCI8 mc8uIu_ Il uc_8lcS lhc DcIu_-
Iu-IlSc OI lhc S8Xc O WhICh lhc OI_mIZ8lIOu O mc8uIu_ W8S uu0cIlmcu, ulI-
m8lcy uc_8lIu_ 8Il IlSc. tVcIy 8IlI8Cl WOIXS 8_8IuSl IlSc. hOSc lh8l 8Ic 8 lOuI
0c OICc, 8 D88uCIu_ 8Cl, 0cmOuSlI8lc SOmcUIu_ 8DOul 8Il 8S 8 WhOc. hcy
8ChIcVc lhc ImQOSSIDc. hc ImQOSSIDIIly O cVcIy 8IlWOIX Iu lIulh 0cDucS cVcu
lhc SImQcSl 8S 8 lOuI 0c OICc. hc 0cM8lIOu O lhc VIIluOSO ccmcul Dy Mc_c
[WhO W8S ucVcIlhccSS Ch8Imc0 Dy OSSIuI), WhICh IVcS Ou Iu lhc I8uCOI 8_8IuSl
IC8SSO, ScCIcly m8XcS COmmOu C8uSc WIlh 8u 8DIm8lIVc I0cOO_y lh8l 0IS-
_uIScS lhc 8ulIuOmIC8 Ch8I8ClcI O 8Il 8u0 8 IlS QIO0uClS. OIXS lh8l S8lISy lhIS
8HIm8lIVc I0cOO_y 8Ic 8mOSl cXCuSIVcy OIIculc0 lO lhc lOQOS Ch8cu_c0 Dy
lhc lOuI 0c OICc, lh8l _Ic8l WOIXS muSl Dc SImQc. l IS h8I0y lhc WOISl CIIlcIIOu OI
lhc HuIluucSS O 8cSlhclIC-lcChuIC8 8u8ySIS lh8l Il IcVc8S Why 8 WOIX IS 8 lOuI
0c OICc. c I0c8 O 8Il 8 8 lOuI 0c OICc Ouy 8QQc8IS uy u 8Ic8S O 8IlISlIC cXc-
CulIOu cXUIuSIC lO lhc CuluI8y IcCO_uIZc0 COuCcQl O 8Il, lhIS m8y h8Vc Ouu0c0
lhc SymQ8lhy lh8l OuCc cXISlc0 DclWccu 8V8ul-_8I0c 8u0 muSIC h8 OI V8IIcly
ShOWS, 8 COuVcI_cuCc O cXlIcmcS Iu OQQOSIlIOu lO 8 mI00Iu_ 0Om8Iu O 8Il lh8l
S8lISDcS 8u0IcuCcS WIlh IuW8I0ucSS 8u0 lh8l Dy IlS CuluIc0ucSS DclI8yS Wh8l 8Il
ShOu0 0O. PIl IS m80c Q8Iuuy 8W8Ic O 8cSlhclIC ScmD8uCc Dy lhc uu08mcul8
IuSOuDIIly O IlS lcChuIC8 QIODcmS, lhIS IS mOSl D8l8ul Iu QucSlIOuS O 8IlISlIC
QIcScul8lIOu. Iu lhc QcIOIm8uCc O muSIC OI 0I8m8. P0cQu8lc QcIOIm8uCc Ic-
QuIIcS lhc OImu8lIOu O lhc WOIX 8S 8 QIODcm, lhc IcCO_uIlIOu O lhc IIIcCOuCI-
8Dc 0cm8u0S, 8IISIu_ IOm lhc Ic8lIOu O lhc COulcul [Cehult] O lhc WOIX lO IlS
8QQc8I8uCc, lh8l COuIOul lhc QcIOImcI. u uuCOVcIIu_ lhc lOuI 0c OICc O 8u 8Il-
WOIX, lhc QcIOIm8uCc muSl Du0 lhc QOIul O Iu0IcIcuCc WhcIc lhc QOSSIDIIly
O lhc ImQOSSIDc IS hI00cu. bIuCc lhc WOIX IS 8ulIuOmIC, 8 uy 80cQu8lc QcI-
OIm8uCc IS 8Clu8y uOl QOSSIDc, OI cVcIy QcIOIm8uCc ucCcSS8IIy IcQIcSScS 8
COulI8Iy ccmcul. hc hI_hcSl CIIlcIIOu O QcHOIm8uCc IS I, WIlhOul IcQIcSSIOu, Il
m8XcS IlSc lhc 8Icu8 O lhOSc COuIClS lh8l h8Vc Dccu cmQh8lIC Iu lhc lOuI 0c
OICc. OIXS O 8Il lh8l 8Ic 0cIDcI8lcy COuCcIVc0 8S 8 lOuI 0c OICc 8Ic Scm-
D8uCc DcC8uSc lhcy muSl QuQOIl Iu cSScuCc lO Dc Wh8l lhcy Iu cSScuCc C8uuOl Dc,
lhcy COIIcCl lhcmScVcS Dy cmQh8SIZIu_ lhcII OWu ImQOSSIDIIly. hIS IS lhc c_IlI-
m8lIOu O lhc VIIluOSO ccmcul Iu 8Il lh8l IS 0IS08Iuc0 Dy 8 u8IIOW-mIu0c0 8cS-
lhclICS O IuW8I0ucSS. hc QIOO O lhc lOuI 0c OICc, lhc Ic8IZ8lIOu O lhc uuIc8-
IZ8Dc, COu0 Dc 800uCc0 HOm lhc mOSl 8ulhculIC WOIXS. 8Ch, WhOm 8 CIu0c
IuW8I0ucSS WOu0 IXc lO C8Im, W8S 8 VIIluOSO Iu lhc uuIHC8lIOu O lhc IIIcCOuCI-
8Dc. h8l hc COmQOSc0 IS lhc SyulhcSIS O h8ImOuIC lhOIOu_hD8SS 8u0 QOy-
bL%ULANLL ANO LXKLbbLN L !07
QhOuIC lhIuKIug. JhIS SjulhcSIS IS Sc8mcSSj IulcgI8lcd IulO lhc OgIC O ChOId8
QtOgIcSSIOu dIVcSlcd, hOWcVcI, O IlS hclcIOgcucOuS WcIghl DcC8uSc Il IS lhc QuIc
IcSul O VOICc c8dIug, lhIS cudOWS 8Ch S WOIK WIlh IlS SIugu8Ij O8lIug Qu8-
Ilj. Ilh uO cSS SUIugcuCj lhc Q8I8dOX O lhc lOuI dc OICc Iu cclhOVcuS WOIK
COud Dc QIcSculcd. lh8l Oul O uOlhIug SOmclhIug dcVcOQS, lhc 8cSlhclIC8j
IuCM8lc lcSl O lhc HISl SlcQS O Mcgc S OgIC.
hc ScmD8uCc ChM8ClcI O 8IlWOIKS IS Imm8uculj mcdI8lcd Dj lhcII OWu OD]cC-
lIVIlj. LuCc 8 lcXl, 8 Q8IulIug, 8 muSIC8 COmQOSIIIOu IS DXcd, lhc WOIK IS 8Clu8j
cXISlcul 8ud mcIcj cIguS lhc DcCOmIuglhc COulcul~lh8l I! cuCOmQ8SScS, cVcu
Ihc mOSl cXlIcmc dcVcOQmcul8 lcuSIOuS Iu 8cSlhclIC lImc 8Ic DClIVc IuSO8I 8S
lhcj 8Ic C8Sl Iu lhc WOIK Iu 8dV8uCc, 8Clu8j, 8cSlhclIC lImc IS lO 8 dcgIcc IudI-
cIcul lO cmQIIIC8 lImc, WhICh Il uculI8IZcS. LOuCc8cd Iu lhc Q8I8dOX O lhc lOuI
dc OICc, O m8KIug lhc ImQOSSIDc QOSSIDc, IS lhc Q8I8dOX O lhc 8cSlhclIC 8S 8
WhOc. MOW C8u m8KIug DIIug IulO 8QQcM8uCc Wh8l IS uOl lhc IcSul O m8KIug,
hOW C8u Wh8l 8CCOIdIug lO IlS OWu COuCcQl IS uOl Uuc ucVcIlhccSS D UucT hIS IS
COuCcIV8Dc Ouj I COulcul IS dISlIuCl HOm ScmD8uCc, jcl uO 8IlWOIK h8S COulcul
OIhcI lh8u lhIOugh ScmD8uCc, lhIOugh lhc OIm O Ih8l ScmD8uCc. LculI8 lO 8cS-
lhclICS lhcIcOIc IS lhc IcdcmQlIOu O ScmD8uCc, 8ud lDc cmQh8lIC IIghl O 8Il, lhc
cgIlIm8lIOu O IlS Uulh, dcQcudS Ou lhIS IcdcmQlIOu. PcSlhclIC ScmD8uCc SccKS
lO S8V8gc Wh8l lhc 8CIIVc SQIIIlWhICh QIOduCcd lhc MlI8Clu8 Dc8IcIS O Scm-
D8uCccImIu8lcd IOm Wh8l Il IcduCcd lO IlS m8lcII8, lO Wh8l IS OI-8u-OlhcI. u
lhc QIOCcSS, hOWcVcI, Wh8l IS lO Dc S8V8gcd IlSc DcCOmcS SOmclhIug dOmIu8lcd,
I uOl 8Clu8j QIDduCcd, Dj Il, IcdcmQlIOu lhIOugh ScmD8uCc IS IlSc IuSOIj,
8ud lhc 8IlWOIK 8CCcQlS lhIS QOWcIcSSucSS Iu lhc OIm O IlS OWu IuSOIIucSS.
bcmD8uCc IS uOl Ihc churucteristicu/crmu/isO 8IlWOIKS Dul I8lhcI muteriu/is,
lhc U8Cc O lhc d8m8gc 8IlWOIKS W80l lO IcVOKc. Luj lO lhc cXlcul lh8l IlS COulcul
IS uumcl8QhOIIC8j Uuc dOS 8Il, lhc 8IlI8Clu8, dISC8Id lhc ScmD8uCc QIOduCcd
Dj IlS 8IlI8Clu8Ilj. MOWcVcI, I Ou lhc D8SIS O IlS lcudcuCj lOW8Id IcQIC8lIOu, 8Il
8ClS 8S I Il IS Wh8l Il 8QQc8IS lO Dc, Il DcCOmcS lhc H8ud O trcmpe / 'cei/, 8 S8CII-
DCc QIcCIScj lO lh8l ccmcul Iu Il lh8l Il W8ulS lO COuCc8, Wh8l W8S OImcIj
C8cd Such/ichkeitIS D8Scd Ou lhIS. lS Idc8 W8S 8u 8IlWOIK lh8l, Dj IcuSIug Iu
8uj W8j lO 8QQcM 8S OUcI U8u Il IS, WOud DcCOmc OHcd Iu SuCh 8 W8j lh8l
Wh8l Il 8QQ8IS lO Dc 8ud Wh8l Il WmlS lO Dc WOud QOlculI8j COIuCIdc. lhc 8Il-
WOIK WcIc COmQclcj OImcd8ud uOl Dj IuSIOu OI DcC8uSc lhc WOIK W8S I8l-
lIug hOQcSSj 8l lhc DMS O IlS ScmD8uCc Ch8I8ClcI~U8l Ch8I8ClcI WOud QcI-
h8QS uOl h8Vc lhc 8Sl WOId. MOWcVcI, cVcu Such/ichkeit`sOD]cClIHC8lIOu O Ihc
8IlWOIK dId uOl SuCCccd Iu C8SlIug O lhc CO8K O ScmD8uCc. JO lhc cXlcul U8l
lhc 8IlWOIK S OIm IS uOl SImQj IdculIC8 WIlh IlS 8dcQu8Cj lO QI8ClIC8 QuIQOScS,
Il Icm8IuS ScmD8uCc VIS-8VIS lh8l Ic8IIj IDm WhICh HdIcIS lhIOugh IlS mcIc
dclcImIu8lIOu 8S 8u 8IlWOIK cVcu Whcu Il COmQclcj hIdcS IlS 8CluIc. j C8uCc-
Iug lhOSc ccmculS O ScmD8uCc lh8l 8dhcIc lO lhcm, 8IlWOIKS 8Clu8j SUuglhcu
lhc ScmD8uCc lh8l cm8u8lcS HOm lhcII cXISlcuCc, 8u cXISlcuCc lh8l, Dj DcIug Iulc-
l8
_
5LMBLANLLANDLXKL55ON
_8lc0, l8KcS Ou lhc 0cuSIlj O SOmclhIug Iu-IlScl cVcu lhOugh, 8S SOmclhIug
QOSIlc0, 8u 8IlWOIK C8uuOl Dc SOmclhIug Iu-IlScl. hc WOIK IS uO lOugcI lO Dc lhc
IcSull O 8uj QIcgIVcu OD, OuIIShcS, OD8mcul, 8u0 8ll IcSI0u8 clcmculS O 8u
OVcI8IChIug OIm8l Ch8I8ClcI 8Ic lO Dc IcuOuuCc0. hc 8IlWOIK IS lO Dc OIg8uIZc0
IOm DcOW. hcIc IS uOlhIug, hOWcVcI, lh8l gu8I8ulccS Iu 80V8uCc lh8l lhc 8Il-
WOIK, OuCc IlS Imm8Bcul mOVcmcul h8S D8Slc0 8W8j lhc OVcI8IChIug OIm, WI
Iu 8uj W8j COhcIc, lh8l IlS membmdis]ectuWIl SOmchOW uuIj. hIS uuCcIl8Iulj
h8S mOlIV8lc0 8IlISlIC QIOCc0uIcS lO QIcOImIug 8l Iu0IVI0u8l clcmculS D8CK-
Sl8gc8u0 lhc lhc8lIIC8l cXQIcSSIOu IS QcIlIucul~SO lh8l lhcj WIll Dc C8Q8Dlc O
m8KIug lhc U8uSIlIOu IulO 8 WhOc lh8l lhc 0cl8IlS, l8Xcu Iu lhcII 8DSOulc COulIu-
gcuCj 8HcI lhc lIQuI08lIOu O 8 QIc0clcImIuc0 OIm, WOu0 OlhcIWISc IcuSc.
bcmD8uCc lhuS QIcV8IlS OVcI IlS SWOD cucmIcS. hc IlluSIOu IS CIc8lc0 lh8l lhcIc
IS uO IlluSIOu, lh8l lhc 0IuSc 8u0 cgO-8lIcu h8ImOuIZc WIlh lhc QOSIlc0 lOl8Ilj,
WhcIc8S lhc h8ImOuj IlSc IS OIg8uIZc0, lh8l lhc QIOCcSS IS QIcSculc0 IOm DclOW
lO 8DOVc, cVcu lhOugh lhc lI80IlIOu8l 0clcImIu8lIOu Om 8DOVc lO DcOW, WIlhOul
WhICh lDc SQIIIlu8l 0clcImIu8lIOu O lDc 8IlWOIK C8uuOl Dc COuCcIVc0, QcISISlS.
LSu8llj lhc ScmDl8uCc Ch8I8ClcI O 8IlWOIKS h8S Dccu 8SSOCI8lc0 WIlh lhcII ScuSu-
OuS clcmcul, cSQcCI8lj Iu Mcgcl S OImul8lIOu O lhc ScuSuOuS ScmDl8uCc O lhc
I0c8. hIS VIcW O ScmDl8uCc Sl8u0S Iu lhc l8lOuIC-PIISlOlclI8u lI80IlIOu, WhICh
0ISlIuguIShc0 DclWccu lhc ScmD8uCc O lhc ScuSuOuS WOD0 Ou lhc Ouc h8u0 8u0
cSScuCc OI QuIc SQIIIl 8S 8ulhculIC DcIug Ou lhc OlhcI. hc ScmDl8uCc O 8IlWOIKS
OIIgIu8lcS, hOWcVcI, Iu lhcII SQIIIlu8 cSScuCc. bQIIIl 8S SOmclhIug ScQ8I8lc0 IOm
IlS OUcI, m8KIug IlScl Iu0cQcu0cul Iu OQQOSIlIOu lO Il 8u0 Iul8ugIDc Iu lhIS DcIug-
OI-IlScl, IS ucCcSS8IIly IlluSOIy, 8ll SQIIIl, pIOm lhc COIQOIc8!, h8S ID IlSc
lhc 8SQcCl O I8ISIug Wh8l 0OcS uOl cXISl, Wh8l IS 8DSlI8Cl, lO cXISlcuCc, lhIS IS lhc
lIulh clcmcul O uOmIu8lISm. P C8IIIcS Oul lhc lcSl O lhc IuSOIIucSS O SQIIIl 8S
lh8l O 8u cSScuCc SuI gcucIIS Dj l8KIug 8l IlS WOI0 SQIIIl S Cl8Im lO Dc 8u culIlj 8u0
Q8CIug Il 8S SuCh DcOIc Uc cjcS. 1l IS lhIS, muCh mOIc lh8D lhc ImIl8lIOu O lhc
ScuSu8l WOIl0 Dj 8cSlhclIC ScuSuOuSucSS, lh8l 8Il h8S lc8c0 lO IcuOuuCc 8u0 lh8l
COmQclS 8Il lO ScmDl8uCc. bQIIIl, hOWcVcI, IS uOl Oulj ScmDl8uCc Dul 8lSO lIulh, Il
IS uOl Ouj lhc ImQOSluIc O SOmclhIug cXISlIug Iu-IlSc, Dul cQu8llj lhc ucg8lIOu
O 8l 8lSc DcIug-Iu-IlScl. bQIIIlS ccmcul O uOucXISlcuCc 8u0 IlS ucg8lIVIlj culcI
8IlWOIKS, WhICh 0O uOl ScuSu8IZc SQIIIl 0IIcClj OI mmc Il 8 DXc0 lhIug Dul I8lhcI
DcCOmc SQIIIl cXCluSIVclj l0IOugh lhc Icl8lIOu O lhcII ScuSuOuS clcmculS lO c8Ch
OlhcI. hcIcOIc lhc ScmD8uCc Ch8I8ClcI O 8Il IS 8l lhc S8mc lImc IlS mclhcXIS Iu
Uulh. hc HIghl O m8uj COulcmQOI8Ij m8uIcSl8lIOuS O 8Il IulO 8lc8lOIj m8j Dc
IulcIQIclc0 8S 8 0cSQcI8lc 8uSWcI lO lhc uDIQuIlj O ScmD8uCc. hc COulIugcul IS
lO Q8SS IulO lhc WhOlc WIlhOul lhc pseadcsO 8 QIcSl8DIIZc0 h8ImOuj. hc IcSul,
hOWcVcI, IS lh8l Ou lhc Ouc h8u0 lhc 8IlWOIK IS SuD]cClc0 lO 8 DlIu0 l8WulucSS,
WhICh C8B uO lOugcI Dc 0ISlIuguIShc0 IOm lOl8l 0clcImIu8lIOu IOm 8DOVc lO
DcOW 8u0, Ou lhc OlhcI h8u0, lhc WhOlc IS SuIIcu0cIc0 lO 8CCI0cul 8u0 lhc 0I8lcClIC
O lhc Q8IlICu8I 8u0 lhc WhOlc IS Ic0uCc0 lO ScmDl8uCc Iu lh8l uO WhOlc IS 8Clu8lj
5LMBLANLLANDLXlKL55ION |

0
8ChICVC0. hC CDmQClC 8DSCuCC D IuSIDu ICgICSSCS lD Ch8DlIC ICgu8IIlj, Iu
WhICh 8CCI0Cul 8u0 uCCCSSIlj DuCW lhCII 8l8 Q8Cl. PIl g8IuS uD QDWCI DVCI SCm-
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KuDWu IuSDM 8S, CDu08Ij lD lhC QIDhIDIlIDu 8I0 0DWu Dj lhC Ch8QlCI Du 8mQhI-
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S0D]CCIIVCj CDuCCIVC0 lh8l 8u IulCIIDI D lhC 8CSIhClIC DD]CCl IS uDl CVCu mCu-
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DCCDmCS lhC C8uDu D 8CSlhClIC CXQCIICuCC. hC QIIm8Cj D lhC DD]CCl Iu 8Il 8D0
lhC KuDW C0gC D IlS WDIKS Dm WIlhIu 8IC lWD SI0CS D lhC S8C CDIu. u lCImS D
lhC lI80IlIDuM 0SluClIDu DClWCCu lhIug 8u0 QhCuDmCuDu, 8IlWDIKS Dj VIHuC D
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8uCC IlSC DDugS lD lhC SI0C D CSSCuCC. hCj Hj Ch8I8ClCII2C0 Dj lh8l
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8IlSl S SKuCSS. Yh8l IS 8ChICVC0 IS uCVCI 8CSlhClC h8DDuj D0l I8lhCI QD
ISh 8u0 D880CC, IulCD8 lD CVCIjlhIug Iu 8tl lh8l C8u ]0Slj DC C8C0 h8tmDuID0S
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IulCD8 CDuSlIl0DDu, 8IIWDIKS 8IC lD 0SSDVC CVCIjUIug lh8l IS hClCIDgCuCDuS lD
lhCII DIm CVCu lhD0gh lhCj 8IC DIm Duj Iu IC8lDu lD Wh8l lhCj WD00 IKC lD
l l L 5LMLANCLANULXPKL55ON
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8QtIDII. cj muSl CDBCc8l Il, 8 CDBCc8lmcBl lh8l lhcII I0c8 D lIulh DQQDScS uBlIl
lhcj Ic]cCl h8ImDBj. IlhDul lhc mcmcBlD D CDBlI80IClIDB 8D0 BDBI0cBlIlj, h8I-
mDBj WDul0 Dc 8cSlhclIC8llj IIIclcV8Bl, ]uSl 8S 8CCDI0IBg lD lhc IBSIghl D Mcgcl S
c8Ilj WDIK DB lhc 0IcIcBCc DclWccB bChcllIBg S 8B0 tIChlc S SjSlcmS I0cBlIlj
C8B DBlj Dc CDBCcIVc0 8S I0cBlIlj WIlh Wh8l IS BDBI0cBlIC8l. hc mDIc 0ccQlj 8Il-
WDIKS ImmcISc lhcmSclVcS IB lhc I0c8 D h8tmDBj, D lhc 8QQc8IIBg cSScBCc, lhc
lcSS lhcj C8B Dc S8lISDc0 WIlh lh8l I0c8. tIDm lhc QcISQcClIVc D lhc QhIlDSDQhj D
hISlDIj, Il IS h8t0lj 8B ImQIDQI gcBcI8lIZ8lIDB D Wh8l IS 8ll lDD 0IVcIgcBl I DBc
0ctIVcS lhc 8BlIh8ImDBIC gcSluIcS D NIChcl8BgclD, D lhc l8lc cmDI8B0l, 8B0 D
cclhDVcBS l8Sl WDIKS BDl HDm lhc SuD]cClIVc SucIIBg D lhcII 0cVclDQmcBl 8S
8IlISlS Dul IDm lhc 0jB8mIC D lhc CDBCcQl D h8DDBj IlScl 8B0 ullIm8lclj IDm
IlS IBSuCIcBCj. LISSDB8BCc IS lhc ulh 8DDul h8ImDBj. lhc I0c8 D h8tmDBj IS
l8KcB SIClj, Il QIDVcS lD Dc uBIc8Ch8Dlc 8CCDI0IBg lD IlS DWB CDBCcQl. lS 0cSI0-
cI8l8 8tc S8lISHc0 DBlj WhcB SuCh uBIc8Ch8DlcBcSS 8QQcMS 8S cSScBCc, WhICh IS
hDW Il 8QQc8IS IB lhc l8lc Sljlc D ImQDIl8Bl 8IlISlS. t8I DcjDB0 8Bj IB0IVI0u8l Dcu-
VIc, lhIS Sljlc h8S cXcmQl8Ij DICc. lh8l D lhc hISlDIIC8 SuSQcBSIDB D 8cSlhclIC
h8DDBj 8llDgclhcI. hc Ic]cClIDB D lhc I0c8l D Cl8SSICISm IS BDl lhc IcSull D lhc
8llcD8lIDB D SljlcS DI, IB0cc0, D 8B 8llcgc0 hISlDDC8 lcmQcI8mcBl, Il IS, I8lhcI,
lhc IcSull D lhc CDcCIcBl D IIClIDB IB h8ImDBj IlScl, WhICh IB CDIQDIc8l DIm
QIcScBlS Wh8l IS BDl IcCDBCIlc0 8S IcCDBCIlc0 8B0 UcIcDj lI8BSgIcSScS lhc VcIj
QDSlul8lc D lhc 8QQc8tIBg cSScBCc 8l WhICh lhc I0c8l D h8ImDBj 8ImS. hc cm8B-
CIQ8lIDB tDm lhIS I0c8l IS 8B 8SQcCl D lhc 0cVclDQIBg ulh CDBlcBl D 8Il.
hc IcDcllIDB 8g8In8l 8CmDl8nCC, ml8 dI888lI88CtIOn WIlh Il8cl, h88 DccB 8D IB-
lcImIllcBl clcmcBl D IlS Cl8Im lD Ulh HDm lImc ImmcmDII8l. P, Wh8lcVcI IlS
m8lcII8l, h8S 8lW8jS 0cSIIc0 0ISSDB8BCc, 8 0cSIIc SuQQIcSSc0 Dj lhc 8DIm8lIVc
QDWcI D SDCIclj WIlh WhICh 8cSlhclIC ScmDl8BCc h8S DccB DDuB0 uQ. ISSDB8DCc
IS ccClIVclj cXQHSSIDB, lhc CDBSDB8Bl 8B0 h8ImDBIDuS W8Bl lD SDHcB 8B0 clImI-
B8lc Il. tXQIcSSIDB 8B0 ScmDl8BCc 8tc HB08mcBl8llj 8BlIlhclIC8l. cXQIcSSIDB IS
SC8ICclj lD Dc CDBCcIVc0 cXCcQl 8S lhc cXQIcSSIDB D SucIIBg-]Dj h8S QtDVcB
IBImIC8l lD cXQIcSSIDB, QcIh8QS DcC8uSc Il h8S jcl lD cXISl, 8B0 DlISS WDul0 Dc
DcjDB0 cXQIcSSIDB~cXQIcSSIDB IS lhc clcmcBl Imm8BcBl lD 8Il lhtDugh WhICh, 8S
DBc D IlS CDBSlIlucBlS, 8Il 0ccB0S IlScl 8g8IBSl lhc Imm8BcBCc lh8l Il 0cVclDQS Dj
IlS l8W D Dtm. PISlIC cXQIcSSIDB CDmQDIlS IlScl mImclIC8llj, ]uSl 8S lhc cXQIcS-
SIDB D lIVIBg CIc8luIcS IS lh8l D Q8IB. hc lIBc8mcBlS D cXQIcSSIDB IBSCIIDc0 IB
8IlWDIKS, I lhcj BDl lD Dc mulc, 8tc 0cm8IC8lIDB lIBcS 8g8IBSl ScmDl8BCc. 3cl,
IB lh8l 8IlWDIKS 8S SuCh Icm8IB ScmDl8BCc, Uc CDBDICl DclWccB ScmDl8DCc
DIm IB lhc DID80cSl ScBSc~8B0 cXQIcSSIDB Icm8IBS uBIcSDlVc0 8B0 DuClu8lcS
hISlDIIC8llj. NImclIC CDmQDIlmcBl~8B 8llIlu0c lDW8I0 Ic8Ilj 0ISlIBCl HDm lhc
DX8lc0 8BlIlhcSIS D SuD]cCl 8B0 DD]cCl~IS ScIZc0 IB 8Il~lhc DIg8B D mImcSIS
SIBCc lhc mImclIC l8DDD~Dj ScmD8BCc 8B0, 8S lhc CDmQlcmcBl lD lhc 8ulDBDmj
DDIm, DcCDmcS IlS Dc8IcI. hc uBDl0IBg D Ml IS lh8l D 8 QuI0 QID QuD. LXQIcS-
bL%bLANLL ANO LXKLbblLN ' ! ! !
SIOB, lhIOu_h WhICh BOB8cSlhclIC cXQcIIcBCc Ic8ChcS mOSl 0ccQy IBlO lhc WOIK,
DcCOmcS lhc 8IChcQQc O cVcIylhIB_ DClIVc IB 8Il, 8S I 8l lhc ]uBCluIc WhcIc 8Il IS
mOSl QcImc8Dc lO Ic8 cXQcIIcBCc CuluIc mOSl II_OIOuSy SlOO0 _u8I0 lh8l lhc
DOI0cI BOl Dc VIO8lc0. hc cXQIcSSIVc V8ucS O 8IlWOIKS Cc8Sc lO Dc Immc0I8lcy
lhOSc O SOmclhIB_ 8IVc. cI8Clc0 8B0 lI8BSOImc0, lhcy DcCOmc lhc cXQIcSSIOB
O lhc WOIK IlSc. hc lcIm masicu ctuIS lhc c8IIcSl cVI0cBCc O lhIS. h8l QuI0
QIO QuO BOl OBy BcuU8IZcS mImcSIS, Il 8SO 0cIIVcS Om Il. mImclIC COmQOIl-
mcBl 0OcS BOl ImIl8lc SOmclhIB_ Dul I8lhcI m8KcS IlSc IKc IlSc, lhIS IS QIcCIScy
Wh8l 8IlWOIKS l8Kc Il uQOB lhcmScVcS lO uH. B lhcII cXQIcSSIOB, 8IlWOIKS 0O
BOl ImIl8lc lhc ImQuScS O IB0IVI0u8S, BOI IB 8By W8y lhOSc O lhcII 8ulhOIS, IB
C8ScS WhcIc lhIS IS lhcII cSScBlI8 0clcImIB8lIOB, lhcy 8 8S COQIcS QIcCIScy lO lhc
mcICy O lh8l IcIDC8lIOB lh8l lhc mImclIC ImQuSc OQQOScS. Pl lhc S8mc lImc 8I-
lISlIC cXQIcSSIOB cBOICcS OB IlSc hISlOIy S ]u0_mcBl lh8l mImcSIS IS 8B 8ICh8IC
COmQOI|mcBl, lh8l 8S 8B Immc0I8lc QI8ClICc mImcSIS IS BOl KBOWc0_c, lh8l Wh8l
m8KcS IlSc IKc IlSc 0DS BOl DcCOmc lIuy 8IKc, lh8l mImclIC IBlcIVcBlIOB
8Ic0. huS mImcSIS IS D8BIShc0 lO 8Il lh8l COmQOIlS IlSc mImclIC8y, ]uSl 8S 8Il
8DSOIDS lhc CIIlIQuc O mImcSIS IBlO IlSc Dy C8IIyIB_ Oul lhc OD]cClIV8lIOB O lhIS
ImQuSc.
PlhOu_h lhcIc h8S I8Icy DccB 0OuDl lh8l cXQIcSSIOB IS 8B cSScBlI8 ccmcBl O
8Il~cVcB lhc QIcScBl hcSIl8BCy lOW8I0 cXQIcSSIOB COBDImS IlS IccV8BCc 8B0
8Clu8y hO0S OI 8Il 8S 8 WhOcIlS COBCcQl, IKc mOSl Kcy 8cSlhclIC COBCcQlS, IS
IcC8CIlI8Bl lO lhc lhcOIy lh8l W8BlS lO B8mc Il. h8l IS Qu8Il8lIVcy COBlI8Iy lO
lhc COBCcQl QcI Sc C8B OBy WIlh 0IHCuly Dc DIOu_hl WIlhIB lhc DOuB0S O IlS COB-
CcQl, lhc OIm IB WhICh SOmclhIB_ m8y Dc lhOu_hl IS BOl IB0IHcIcBl lO Wh8l IS
lhOu_hl. tIOm lhc QcISQcClIVc O lhc QhIOSOQhy O hISlOIy, cXQIcSSIOB IB 8Il muSl
Dc IBlcIQIclc0 8S 8 COmQIOmISc. LXQIcSSIOB 8QQIO8ChcS lhc lI8BS SuD]cClIVc, Il IS
lhC Otm O knOWlCdgC lh8l-h8VIng QtCCCdCd lhC QO8IIly O SuD]cCl 8B0 OD]cCl
0OcS BOl IcCO_BIZc lhIS QO8IIly 8S 0cDBIlIVc. P IS ScCu8I, hOWcVcI, IB lh8l Il 8l-
lcmQlS lO 8ChIcVc SuCh KBOWc0_c WIlhIB lhc DOuB0S O Uc QO8IIly O SuD]cCl 8B0
OD]cCl, 8S 8B 8Cl O 8ulOBOmOuS SQIIIl. PcS|hclIC cXQIcSSIOB IS lhc OD]cClIDC8lIOB
O lhc BOBOD]cClIVc, 8B0 IB 8Cl IB SuCh 8 8ShIOB lh8l lhIOu_h IlS OD]cClIDC8lIOB Il
DcCOmcS 8 ScCOB0-OI0cI BOBOD]cClIVIly. l DcCOmcS Wh8l SQc8KS Oul O Uc 8IlI8Cl
BOl 8S 8B ImIl8lIOB O lhc SuD]cCl. Xcl QIcCIScy lhc OD]cClIV8lIOB O cXQIcSSIOB,
WhICh COIBCI0cS WIlh 8Il, IcQuIIcS lhc SuD]cCl WhO mmcS Il 8B0 IB DOuI_cOIS
lcImSm8KcS uSc O hIS OWB mImclIC ImQuScS. PIl IS cXQIcSSIVc WhcB Wh8l IS
OD]cClIVc, SuD]cClIVcy mc0I8lc0, SQc8KS, WhclhcI lhIS Dc S80BcSS, cBcI_y, OI OB_-
IB_. LXQIcSSIOB IS lhc SucIIB_ COuBlcB8BCc O 8IlWOIKS. hcy luH lhIS COuBlc-
B8BCc OBy lOW8I0 lhOSc WhO IcluD IlS _8Zc, cVcB WhcB lhcy 8Ic COmQOSc0 IB
h8QQy lOBcS OI _OIIy lhc viecppcrtaneO IOCOCO. cXQIcSSIOB WcIc mcIcy lhc
0OuDIB_ O lhc SuD]cClIVcy cl, Il WOu0 Dc Bu 8B0 VOI0, lhc 8IlISl WhO COB-
0cmBS 8 WOIK 8S DcIB_ 8B ImQIcSSIOB I8lhcI U8B 8B IBVcBlIOB KBOWS lhIS QcI-
cCly Wc. 8lhcI lh8B SuCh ccIB_S, lhc mO0c O cXQIcSSIOB IS lh8l O cXlI8
l l2 . 5LMBLANLLANDLXPKL55ION
8IlISlIC lhIB_S 8B0 SIlu8lIOBS. MISlOIIC8 QIOCcSScS 8B0 uBClIOBS 8Ic 8Ic80y
Sc0ImcBlc0 IB lhcm 8B0 SQc8K Oul O lhcm. 8K8 IS cXcmQ8Iy OI lhc _cSluIc O
8Il WhcB hc C8HcS Oul lhc IclI8BSOIm8lIOB O cXQIcSSIOB D8CK IBlO lhc 8Clu8
OCCuIIcBCcS cBCIQhcIc0 IB lh8l cXQIcSSIOB~8B0 IOm lh8l hc 0cIIVcS hIS IIIc-
SISlIDIIly. Xcl cXQIcSSIOB hcIc DcCOmcS 0OuDy QuZZIB_ DcC8uSc lhc Sc0ImcBlc0,
lhc cXQIcSSc0 mc8BIB_, IS OBCc mOIc mc8BIB_cSS, Il IS B8luI8 hISlOIy lh8l c80S
lO BOlhIB_ Dul Wh8l, ImQOlcBly cBOu_h, Il IS 8Dc lO cXQIcSS. PIl IS ImIl8lIOB
cXCuSIVcy 8S lhc ImIl8lIOB O 8B OD]cClIVc cXQIcSSIOB, IcmOlc IOm QSyChOO_y,
O WhICh lhc ScBSOIIum W8S QcIh8QS OBCc COBSCIOuS IB lhc WOI0 8B0 WhICh
BOW SuDSISlS OBy IB 8IlWOIKS. hIOu_h cXQIcSSIOB 8Il COScS IlSc OH lO DcIB_-
OI-8BOlhcI, WhICh 8W8yS lhIc8lcBS lO cB_u Il, 8B0 DcCOmcS cOQucBl IB IlSc.
hIS IS 8IlS mImclIC COBSumm8lIOB. lS cXQIcSSIOB IS lhc 8BlIlhcSIS O cXQIcSSIB_
SOmclhIB_.
buCh mImcSIS IS lhc I0c8 O 8Il, BOl IlS QI8ClIC8 QIOCc0uIc, BOI IS Il 8B 8llIlu0c 0I-
IcClc0 lOW8I0 cXQIcSSIVc V8ucS. hc COBlIIDulIOB m80c lO cXQIcSSIOB Dy lhc 8IlISl
IS lhc QOWcI O mImICIy, WhICh IB hIm Icc8ScS lhc cXQIcSSc0, I Wh8l IS cXQIcSSc0
DcCOmcS Uc l8B_IDc COBlcBl [Inhu/t]O Uc MlISl S SOu, 8B0 lhc 8IlWOIK 8 COQy
O lhIS COBlcBl, lhc WOIK 0c_cBcI8lcS IBlO 8 DuIIc0 QOlO_I8Qh. bChuDcIl S IcSI_-
B8lIOB h8S IlS OCuS BOl IB Uc QuIQOIlc0 mOO0 O hIS muSIC, BOI IB hOW hc W8S
ccIB_8S I lhc muSIC COu0 _IVc 8 Cuc lO lhISDul IB lhc Itisthaslh8l Il 8B-
BOuBCcS WIlh lhc _cSluIc O cllIB_ OBcSc 8. hIS IS IlS cXQIcSSIOB. lS QuIBlcS-
ScBCc IS 8Il S Ch8I8ClcI O cOQucBCc,` uB08mcBl8y 0ISlIBCl IOm 8B_u8_c 8S IlS
mc0Ium. l IS WOHh SQcCu8lIB_ WhclhcI lhc OImcI IS IBCOmQ8lIDc WIlh lhc 8l-
lCt, lh8l WOu0 IB Q8tI cXQ8IB lhc cOII O QIOSc SIBCc JOyCc lO Qul 0ISCuISIVc 8B-
_u8_c Oul O 8ClIOB, OI 8l c8Sl lO SuDOI0IB8lc Il lO OD8 C8lc_OIIcS lO lhc QOIBl
lh8l COBSUCIIOB DcCOmcS uBIcCO_BIZ8Dc. hc BcW 8Il lIIcS lO DIIB_ 8DOul lhc
lI8BSOIm8lIOB O COmmuBIC8lIVc IBlO mImclIC 8B_u8_c. y VIIluc O IlS 0OuDc
Ch8I8ClcI, 8B_u8_c IS 8 COBSlIlucBl O 8Il 8H0 IlS mOIl8 cBcmy. LlIuSC8B V8ScS IB
lhc NI8 LIuI8 Mc cOQucBl IB lhc hI_hcSl 0c_Icc 8B0 IBCOmmcBSuI8Dc WIlh 8
COmmuBIC8lIVc 8B_u8_c. hc lIuc 8B_u8_c O Ml IS mulc, 8B0 IlS mulcBcSS l8KcS
QIIOIIly OVcI QOclIy S SI_BIDC8lIVc ccmcBl, WhICh IB muSIC lOO IS BOl 8IO_cIhcI
8CKIB_. h8l 8SQCl O lhc LlIuSC8B V8ScS lh8l mOSl IcScmDcS SQccCh 0cQcB0S
mOSl IKcy OB lhcII HereIumOI 1hisiswhutIum,8 SchOO0 BOl DISl cXCISc0 Dy
I0cBlIHC8lOIy lhOu_hl IOm lhc IBlcI0cQcB0cBCc O cBlIlIcS. huS lhc IhIBOCcIOS,
lh8l mulc 8BIm8, SccmS lO S8y. 8m 8 IhIBOCcIDS. IKc S IBc OI lhcIc IS BO
Q8Cc lWIlhOul cycS lO Scc yOu," WhICh cB]8mIB hc0 IB hI_h cSlccm, CO0IHc0
lhc BOBSI_BIDC8lIVc 8B_u8_c O 8IIWOIKS IB 8B IBCOmQ8I8Dc 8ShIOB. LXQIcSSIOB
IS lhc _8Zc O 8IIWOIKS. LOmQ8Ic0 lO SI_BIDC8lIVc 8B_u8_c, lhc 8B_u8_c O cX-
QIcSSIOB IS O0cI lhOu_h uBHDc0. 8S I 8IlWOIKS, Dy mO0IB_ lhcmScVcS lO lhc
SuD]cCl lhIOu_h lhcII OI_8BIZ8lIOB, IcC8QIlu8lc0 lhc W8y lhc SuD]cCl OD_IB8lc0,
hOW Il WIcSlc0 IlSc Icc. PWOIKS Dc8I cXQIcSSIOB BOl WhcIc lhcy COmmuBIC8lc
lhc SuD]cCl, Dul I8lhcI WhcIc lhcy IcVcIDcI8lc WIlh lhc QIOlOhISlOIy O SuD]cClIVIly,
5LMBLANCLANULXPKL55ON | ! ! 3
OcuSOumcul,OI WhlCh lIcmOOO8uj SOIl lS8mlSCI8Dc SuIIOg8lc. hlSlSlhc
8ullj OlhC 8IlWOIK lO lhC SuD]CCl 8u0 ll cu0uIcS DCC8uSc lhlS QIOlOhlSlOIj SuI-
VlVCS lulhC SuD]CCl 8u0 ICCOmmCuCCS lucVCIj mOmCul O hlSlOIj. Luj lhC SuD-
]CCl lS 8u 80CQu8lC luSlIumcul O cXQICSSlOu hOWcVCI muCh, lhOugh ll lm8gluCS
llScuumc0l8lC0, ll lS llSc mC0l8lC0. MOWCVcI muCh lhC cXQICSSc0 ICSCmDCS
lhc SuD]CCl, hOWcVCI muCh lhc lmQuScS 8Ic lhOSc Olhc SuD]cCl, lhCj 8H 8l lhc
S8mc llmC 8QcISOu8, Q8IllClQ8llug lu lhc lulCgI8llVC QOWcI O lhc CgO WlUOul
CVcIDCCOm1ug l0CullC8 Wllh ll. hC CXQICSSlOu O 8IlWOIKS lS lhC uOuSuD]CCllVC
lu lhc SuD]CCl, uOl SO muCh lh8l SuD]cClSCXQICSSlOu 8S llS COQj, lhCIC lS uOlhlug
SOcXQICSSlVC8SlhcCjCSO8ulm8ScSQCCl8j8QCSWhlChSCCmOD]CCllVCjlO
mOuD lh8l lhCj 8Ic uOl hum8u. j lhc lI8uSQOSlUOu OlmQuScS lulO 8IlWOIKS,
WhlChm8Kc lhCm lhclIOWuDjVlIlucOlhclIlulcgI8llOu,lhCSC lmQuScS Hm8lu
lhc QCulQOlculI8Ij lulhC8cSlhCllCCOulluuumOCXU8-8CSlhCllCu8luHjcl8Ic uO
OugCI luCM8lC llS 8lCIlm8gC. hlS 8mDlV8CuCC lSICglSlCIC0Dj CVCIj gCu-
uluC8CSlhCllC CXQCICuCc,8u0 luCOmQ8I8Dj SO lu 8ulS0CSCIQlOuOlhC CC-
lugOlhc SuDlmc8S8UcmDlugDclWCcuu8luIC 8u0Icc0Om.buChmO0lDC8llOu
O mlmCSlS lS,WllhOul 8uj IcDCCllOu Ou lhc SQlIllu8,lhC COuSlllullVC 8Cl OSQlIl-
lu8lZ8llOulu88Il.L8lCI8IlOuj0CVCOQSlhS8Cl,DullllS8IC80jQOSllC0lulhc
mO0lDC8llOuOmmCSlSlhIOughlhCWOIK,QIOVl0C0lh8l ll0OcSuOlOCCuIlhIOugh
mlmCSlS llSC8S, SO lO SQc8K,lhc QhjSlOOglC8j QIlmOI0l8 OImOSQlIll. hc
mO0lDC8llOu Sh8IcSlhC gull Olhc 8DIm8llVcCh8I8ClcIO8l DcC8uSC llmOlDCS
lhcQ8lulhIOugh lm8glu8llOu]uSl8SlhCSQlIllu8lOl8lljluWhlChlhlS Q8lu0lS8Q-
QC8ISm8KCSllCOulIO8Dc8u0c8VCSlluuU8uSOImC0.
MOWCVCI muCh 8Il lS m8IKc0 8u0 QOlCull8lc0 Dj uulVCIS8 8lCu8llOu, ll lS C8Sl
8lCu8lC0luSO8I8SCVCIjlhluglullQ8SSCSlhIOughSQlIll~lShum8ulZC0~WllhOul
OICc.PIlOSCl8lCSDClWCCu l0COOgj 8u0Wh8lMCgC COuDImC08Slhcu8llVc0O-
m8In o 8QItIl, lhC hlh o8QItIl8 8C-CCtl8luly. POm8llCIhOW muCh SQlIllm8y
CXCIl0Omlu8llOu lu8Il,llS OD]cCllV8llOu ICCSllHOm lhC 8lmS O0Omu8llOu. u
lh8l8cSlhClCSUuCluIcSCIC8lC8COulluuumlh8l lSlOl8j SQlIl,lhCj DCCOmC lhC
ScmDCc O8DOCKc0 DClug-lu-llSClu WhOSCIC8lljlhC lulCullOuS OlhC SuD-
]cCl WOu0 DC HDC0 8u0 cXllugulShc0. PIl COIIcClS COuCCQlu8 KuOWC0gcD-
C8uSc,luCOmQClClSO8llOu,llCm ICSOulWh8lCOuCcQlu8KuOWc0gCluV81u8W8llS
IOm lhc uOuQlClOIl8 SuD]cClOD]cClIC8llOu. lh8llhIOugh 8SuD]CCllVc8ClWh8l lS
OD]cCllVC WOu0 DC uuVclC0. P 0OCS uOl QOSlQOuC lhlS 8Cl 80 luDullum Dul 0c-
m8u0SllOllSOWuDullu0C8llhcQDCCOllSluSODucSS.hIOughSQlDlu8lZ8lOu,
lhCI80lC80Omlu8llOu Ou8luIcllS OWu8Il COHcClSUc 0Omlu8llOuOu8luIc
8S lhC 0Omlu8llOu O 8u OlhcI. h8l CSl8DlShcS llSC lu lhC 8HWOIK 8u 8lCu
8u0 Iu0lmCul8j CllSh lh8l Cu0uICS lu OQQOSlllOu lO lhC SuD]CCl lS lhC QculQO-
lCull8IjOlhCuOu8lCu8lc0,DjCOuU8Sl,hOWCVcI,Wh8lCOmQOIlSllSClulhCWOI0
8S lhOugh llWcIc uul0cullC8 u8luIC lS Ic0uCc0 8 lhc mOIC SuIcj lO lhC m8lCI8
O lhc 0Omlu8llOu O u8luIC, lO 8 VChlCC O SOCl8 0Omlu8llOu, 8u0 lS lhuS lIuj
8lCu8lC0.LXQICSSlOu,Dj WhlCh u8luIc SCCQS mOSl 0ccQj lulO 8Il, lS 8l lhC S8mc
l l4 L 5LMBLANLLAD LXlKL55ON
lImc Wh8l IS uOl lIlcI8j u8luIc, 8 mcmculO O Wh8l cXQIcSSIOu IlScl IS uOl, O Wh8l
COul0 uOl h8Vc DCOmc COuCIclc cXCcQl lhIOugh lhc hcwO lh8l cXQIcSSIOu.
hc mc0I8lIOu O cXQIcSSIOu Iu 8IlWOIKS lhIOugh lhcII SQIIIlu8IZ8lIOu ~WhICh
Iu cXQIcSSIOuISm S c8Ilj QcIIO0 W8S cVI0cul lO IlS mOSl ImQOIl8ul cXQOuculS
ImQlIcS lhc CIIlIQuc O lh8l CumSj 0u8lISm O OIm 8u0 cXQIcSSIOu lh8l OIIculS
lI80IlIOu8l 8cSlhclICS 8S Wc 8S lhc COuSCIOuSucSS O m8uj gcuuIuc 8IlISlS.

Ol
lh8l lhIS 0IChOlOmj IS WIlhOul 8uj D8SIS. hc QIcQOu0cI8uCc O cXQIcSSIOu 8l Ouc
QOIul, 8u0 O lhc OIm8l 8SQcCl 8l 8uOlhcI, C8uuOl Dc 0cuIc0, cSQcCI8lj Iu Ol0cI 8Il,
WhICh OcIc0 ImQulScS 8 I8mcWOIK. bIuCc lhcu DOlh ccmculS h8Vc DcCOmc
IucXlIIC8Dlj mc0I8lc0 Dj c8Ch OlhcI. hcIc WOIKS 8Ic uOl Hlj IulcgI8lc0, uOl
ulj OImc0, lhcj S8CIIDCc QIcCIScj lhc cXQIcSSIVIlj OI lhc S8Kc O WhICh lhcj
0ISQcuSc WIlh lhc l8DOI 8u0 cOIl O OIm, 8u0 lhc SuQQOSc0lj QuIc OIm lh8l 0IS-
8VOWS cXQIcSSIOu I8lllcS mcCh8uIC8lj. LXQIcSSIOu IS 8 QhcuOmcuOu O IulcI-
cIcuCc, 8 uuClIOu O lcChuIC8 QIOCc0uIcS uO lcSS lh8u Il IS mImclIC. NImcSIS IS
IlScl SummOuc0 uQ Dj lhc 0cuSIlj O lhc lcChuIC8l QIOCc0uIc, WhOSc Imm8ucul
I8lIOu8Ilj Iu0cc0 SccmS lO WOIK Iu OQQOSIlIOu lO cXQIcSSIOu. hc COmQulSIOu
cXcIlc0 Dj IulcgI8l WOIKS IS cQuIV8cul lO lhcII cOQucuCc, lO Wh8l SQc8KS Iu
lhcm, 8u0 uO mcIcj SuggcSlIVc ccCl, SuggcSlIOu IS, HIlhcImOIc, IlScl Ic8lc0 lO
mImclIC QIDcSScS. hIS lc80S lO 8 SuD]cClIVc Q8I80OX O 8Il lO QIO0uCc Wh8l IS
DIu0, cXQIcSSIOu, Dj W8j O IccClIOu, lh8l IS, lhIOugh OIm, uOl lO I8lIOu8lIZc lhc
DIu0 Dul lO QIO0uCc Il 8cSlhclIC8lj, O m8Kc lhIugS O WhICh Wc 0O uOl KuOW
Wh8l lhcj 8Ic.

hIS SIlu8lIOu, WhICh h8S lO08j Dccu Sh8IQcuc0 lO 8u 8ulIlhcSIS,
h8S 8 Oug QIchISlOIj. u SQc8KIug O lhc QIcCIQIl8lc O lhc 8DSuI0, lhc IuCOmmcu-
8ut8DC, In CVCty 8tlWOtk, LOClhC nOl Ony Otmu8lCd lhc mO0cD COuSlc8lIOu O
lhc COuSCIOuS 8u0 uuCOuSCIOuS Dul 8SO cuVISIOuc0 lhc QIOSQcCl lh8l lhc SQhcIc O
8Il ShclcIc0 IOm COuSCIOuSucSS 8S 8 QIcScIVc O lhc uuCOuSCIOuS WOu0 DcCOmc
lh8l sp/een 8S WhICh 8Il uu0cISlOO0 IlScl lO D Iu lhc ScCOu0 IOm8ulICISm SIuCc
8u0c8IIc. 8 VIIIu8lj Sc-lI8uSCcu0Iug QIcScIVc DuIl IulO I8lIOu8Ilj. OIulIug
lhIS Oul, hOWcVcI, 0OcS uOl 0ISQ8lCh 8Il hOcVcI 8IgucS 8g8IuSl mO0cDISm Iu
lhIS 8ShIOu hOl0S mcCh8uIC8llj lO lhc 0u8lISm O OIm 8u0 cXQIcSSIOu. h8l lhc-
OIISlS l8Kc OI 8 SlIIClj OgIC8l COulI80IClIOu IS 8mIlI8I lO 8IlISlS 8u0 uuO0S Iu
lhcII WOIK 8S lh8l COulIOl OVcI lhc mImclIC clcmcul lh8l SummOuS uQ, 0cSUOjS,
8u0 Ic0ccmS IlS SQOul8ucIlj. bQOul8ucIlj MI0 Ihc IuVOuulMj IS lhc VIl8 ccmcul
O 8Il, 8u0 lhIS 8DIIlj IS 8 0cQcu08Dlc CIIlcIIOu O 8IlISlIC C8Q8CIlj, lhOugh Il 0OcS
uOl gOSS OVcI Uc 8l8Ilj O lhIS C8Q8CIlj. PIlISlS 8Ic 8mII8I WIlh IhIS C8Q8CIlj 8S
lhcII ScuSc O OIm. l QIOVI0cS lhc mc0I8lIug C8lcgOIj lO lhc 8ulI8u QIODlcm8lIC
O hOW 8Il, WhICh 8ul COuSI0cIc0 Dl8l8ullj uOuCOuCcQlu8, SuD]cClIVcj Dc8IS
lh8l clcmcul O lhc uuIVcIS8 8u0 lhc ucCcSS8Ij lh8l, 8CCOI0Iug lO lhc CIIIIQuc O
Ic8SOu, IS IcScIVc0 cXCluSIVcj OI 0ISCuISIVc KuOWc0gc. hc ScuSc O OIm IS lhc
IccCIIOu, 8l OuCc DlIu0 8u0 DIu0Iug, O lhc WOIK Iu IlSc Ou WhICh lh8l IccClIOu
muSl 0cQcu0, Il IS 8u OD]cClIVIlj ClOSc0 lO IlSc lh8l 0cVOlVcS uQOu lhc SuD]cClIVc
mImclIC C8Q8CIlj, WhICh OI IlS Q8Il g8IuS IlS OICc lhIOugh IlS 8ulIlhcSIS, I8lIOu8
5LMBLANLLANDLXPKL55ON | !
!

COBSUuClIOB. hc DIB0BcSS O lhc ScBSc O OIm COIIcSQOB0S lO lhc BcCcSSIlj IB
lhc OD]cCl. hc III8lIOB8Ilj O lhc cXQIcSSIVc ccmcBl IS OI 8Il lhc 8Im O 8 8cS-
lhclIC I8lIOB8Ilj . lS l8SK IS lO 0IVcSl IlSc, IB OQQOSIlIOB lO 8 ImQOSc0 OI0cI, DOlh
O hOQccSS B8luI8 BcCcSSIlj 8B0 Ch8OlIC COBlIB_cBCj. PcSlhclIC BcCcSSIlj Dc-
COmcS 8W8Ic O IlS DClIVc ccmcBl lhIOu_h lhc cXQcIIcBCc O COBlIB_cBCj. ul 8Il
0OcS BOl SOK lO 0O ]uSlICc lO COBlIB_cBCj Dj IlS IBlcBlIOB8, DClIVc IBCOQOI8lIOB
IB OI0cI lhuS lO 0cQOlcBlI8lc IlS SuD]cClIVc mc0I8lIOBS. 8lhcI, Ml 0OCS ]uSlICc lO
lhc COBlIB_cBl Dj QIODIB_ IB lhc 08IKBcSS O lhc lI8]cClOIj O IlS OWB BcCcSSIlj.
hc mOIc Uj 8Il OOWS lhIS U8]cClOIj, lhc cSS Sc-U8BSQ8IcBl 8Il IS. l m8KcS
IlSc 08IK. lS IHcBl QIOCcSS h8S lhc Qu8Ilj O OOWIB_ 8 0IVIBIB_ IO0. O
OOW WhcIc lhc h8B0 IS 0I8WB. hIS IS mImcSIS 8S lhc uDmcBl O OD]CClIVIlj,
cX8mQcS O 8ulOm8lIC WIIlIB_, IBCu0IB_ lhc bChOcBDcI_ WhO WIOlc Erwurtan,
WcIc IBSQIIc0 Dj lhIS ulOQI8, OBj lO Dc COmQcc0 lO 0ISCOVcI lh8l lhc lcBSIOB
DclWccB cXQIcSSIOB 8B0 OD]cClIV8lIOB 0OcS BOl ISSuc IB lhcII I0cBlIlj. hcIc IS
BO mI00c QOSIlIOB DclWCCB lhc Sc-CcBSOIShIQ O lhc Bcc0 OI cXQIcSSIOB 8B0
lhc COBCcSSIVcBcSS O COBSlIuClIOB. LD]cClIV8lIOB U8VcIScS lhc cXlIcmcS. hcB
uBl8mc0 Dj l8SlC OI MlISlIC uB0cISl8B0IB_ lhc Bcc0 OI cXQIcSSIOB COBVcI_cS WIlh
lhc DuBlBcSS O I8lIOB8 OD]cClIVIlj. LB lhc OlhcI h8B0, 8Il S lhIBKIB_ O IlSc,
IlS ncesis ncesecs,IS BOl lO Dc IcSlI8IBc0 Dj 8Bj QIcOI08IBc0 III8lIOB8Ilj. PcS-
lhclIC I8lIOB8Ilj muSl QuB_c DIB0O0c0 IBlO lhc m8KIB_ O lhc WOIK I8lhcI lh8B
0IIcClIB_ Il cXlcD8j 8S 8B 8Cl O IcDcClIOB OVcI Uc 8IlWOIK. PIlWOIKS 8Ic SmMl
OI OOISh 8CCOI0IB_ lO lhcII QIOCc0uIcS, BOl 8CCOI0IB_ lO lhc lhOu_hlS lhcII 8u-
lhOI h8S 8DOul lhcm. buCh Imm8BcBl uB0cISl8B0IB_ O lhc m8lcII8 8SSuIcS lh8l
cCKcll S WOIK IS 8l cVcIj QOIBl Sc8c0 lI_hlj 8_8IBSl SuQCIDCI8 I8lIOB8Ilj. hIS
IS Dj BO mc8BS lhc cXCuSIVc QIcIO_8lIVc O mO0cD 8Il Dul cQu8j cVI0cBl IB lhc
8DDIcVI8lIOBS IB 8lc cclhOVcB, IB lhc IcBuBCI8lIOB O SuQIuOuS 8B0 lO lhIS
cXlcBl III8lIOB8 OD8mcBl8lIOB. LOBVcIScj, cSScI 8IlWOIKS, 8CIc muSIC cSQc-
CI8j, 8Ic m8IKc0 Dj 8B Imm8BcBl SluQI0Ilj, lO WhICh mO0cDISmS I0c8 O m8lu-
IIlj W8S 8 QOcmIC8 Ic8ClIOB. hc 8QOII8 O mImcSIS 8B0 COBSlIuClIOB COmQcS
8IlWOIKS lO uBIlc I80IC8ISm WIlh 0cIDcI8lIOB, WIlhOul lhc 8I0 O 8Bj 8QOCIjQh8,
lIumQc0-uQ hjQOlhcScS.
cIDcI8lIOB, hOWcVcI, 0OcS BOl DSOVc lhc 8QOII8. MISlOIIC8j, OBc O lhc IOOlS O
lhc IcDcIOB 8_8IBSl ScmD8BCc IS lhc 8cI_j lO cXQIcSSIOB, hcIc, I 8BjWhcIc IB
8Il, lhc Ic8lIOB DclWccB lhc _cBcI8lIOBS Q8jS 8 Q8Il. LXQICSSIOBISm DcC8mc lhc
8lhcI Im8_c. LmQIIIC8j Il h8S DccB COBDImc0 lh8l IBhIDIlc0, COBVcBlIOB8, 8B0
8__IcSSIVc-Ic8ClIOB8Ij IB0IVI0u8S lCB0 lO Ic]cCl IBU8CcQlIOB Sc-8W8IcBcSS~
IB 8Bj OIm, 8B0 8OB_ WIlh Il cXQIcSSIOB 8S SuCh, 8S DcIB_ 8 lOO hum8B.
!
' hcj
8Ic lhc OBcS WhO, IB 8 COBlcXl O _cBcI8 cSlI8B_cmcBl IOm 8Il, 0cC8Ic lhcm-
ScVcS WIlh Q8IlICu8I IcScBlmcBl 8_8IBSl mO0cDISm. SjChOO_IC8j lhcj ODcj
0ccBSc mcCh8BISmS WIlh WhICh 8 Wc8Kj 0cVcOQc0 c_O IcQu0I8lcS Wh8lcVcI 0IS-
luIDS IlS IcSlIIClc0 uBClIOB8 C8Q8CIlj 8B0 m8j, 8DOVc 8, 08m8_c IlS B8ICISSISm.
hIS QSjChOO_IC8 QOSluIc IS lh8l O 8B intc/emnce tcumbiaip, " 8B ImQ8-
! !

. 5LMBLANLLANULXPKL55lON
lIcBCc WIlh Wh8l IS 8mDIV8cBl 8B0 BDl SlIIClj 0cDB8Dc, ulIm8lcj, Il IS lhc
IcuS8 D Wh8l IS DQcB, D Wh8l h8S BDl DccB QIc0clcImIBc0 Dj 8Bj ]uIIS0IClIDB,
ulIm8lcj D cXQcIIcBCc IlSc. mmc0I8lcj D8CK D lhc mImclIC l8DDD Sl8B0S 8
ScXu8 DBc. DlhIBg ShDu0 Dc mDISl, 8Il DcCDmcS hjgIcBIC. N8Bj 8IlISlIC 0IIcC-
lIDBS I0cBlIj WIlh lhIS l8DDD 8B0 WIlh lhc WIlCh huBl 8g8IBSl cXQIcSSIDB. hc 8BlI-
QSjChDDgISm D mD0cDISm h8S ShIlc0 IlS uBClIDB. LBCc 8 QIcIDg8lIVc D lhc
8V8Bl-g8I0c, WhICh IcDcc0 8g8IBSl 1aendsti/ 8S Wc 8S 8g8IBSl 8 Ic8ISm QID-
lI8Clc0 Dj 8 luD lDW8I0 IBW8I0BcSS, lhIS 8BlIQSjChDDgISm W8S mc8BWhIc
SDCI8IZc0 8B0 m80c ScIVICc8Dc lD lhc Sl8luS QuD. hc C8lcgDIj D IBW8I0BcSS, 8C-
CDI0IBg lD N8X cDcIS lhcSIS, IS lD Dc 08lc0 D8CK lD IDlcSl8BlISm, WhICh SuD-
DI0IB8lc0 WDIKS lD 8Ilh. PlhDugh IBW8I0BcSS, cVcB IB 8Bl, ImQIc0 8 QIDlcSl
8g8IBSl 8 SDCI8 DI0cI hclcIDBD0DuSj ImQDSc0 DB IlS SuD]cClS, Il W8S IDm lhc Dc-
gIBBIBg m8IKc0 Dj 8 IB0IcIcBCc lDW8I0 lhIS DI0cI, 8 Ic80IBcSS lD c8Vc lhIBgS 8S
lhcj 8Ic 8B0 lD DDcj. hIS 8CCDI0c0 WIlh lhc DIIgIB D IBW8I0BcSS IB lhc 8DDI
QIOcSS. BW8I0BcSS ScIVc0 lD CulIV8lc 8B 8BlhIDQDDgIC8 ljQc lh8l WDu0 0ulI-
uj, Qu8SI-VDuBl8IIj, QcIDIm lhc W8gc 8DDI IcQuIIc0 Dj lhc BcW mD0c D QID-
0uClIDB BcCcSSIl8lc0 Dj lhc Ic8lIDBS D QID0uClIDB. Ilh lhc gIDWIBg QDWcIcSS-
BcSS D lhc 8ulDBDmDuS SuD]cCl, IBW8I0BcSS CDBScQucBlj DcC8mc CDmQclcj
I0cDDgIC8, lhc mII8gc D 8B IBBcI KIBg0Dm WhcIc lhc SIcBl m8]DIIlj 8Ic IB0cm-
BIHc0 DI Wh8l IS 0cBIc0 lhcm SDCI8j, IBWM0BcSS lhuS DcCDmcS IBCIc8SIBgj
Sh80DWj 8B0 cmQlj, IB0cc0 CDBlcBlcSS IB IlSc. P BD DBgcI W8BlS lD 8CCDm-
mD08lc IlSc lD lhIS SIlu8lIDB. Xcl 8Il IS SC8ICcj Im8gIB8Dc WIlhDul lhc ccmcBl
D IBW8I0BcSS. cB]8mIB DBCc S8I0 lh8l IB hIS DQIBIDB IBW8I0BcSS CDu0 gD Dj 8
kIlc. hIS W8S 0IIcClc0 8g8IBSl IcIKcg88t0 8u0 lhc QhIOSOQhj O IuW8t0BcSS
lh8l C8Imc0 hIm 8S lhcII DuB0cI, cVcB lhDugh lh8l lcIm WDu0 h8Vc DccB 8S 8ulI-
Q8lhclIC lD lhc lhcDDgI8B 8S lhc WDI0 DBlDDgj. cB]8mIB h80 IB mIB0 8DSlI8Cl
SuD]cClIVIlj lh8l QDWcIcSSj SclS IlSc uQ 8S SuDSl8BCc. ul hIS CDmmcBl IS BD
mDIc lhc WhDc Uulh lh8B 8DSlI8Cl SuD]cClIVIlj IS. bQIIIl~CcIl8IBj cB]8mIB S
DWB~muSl cBlcI IlSc I Il IS lD Dc 8Dc lD Bcg8lc Wh8l IS DQ8Quc. IS CDu0 Dc
0cmDBSlI8lc0 Dj lhc 8BlIlhcSIS D ccUDVcB 8B0 ]8ZZ, 8 CDBlI8Sl lD WhICh m8Bj
muSICI8BS c8IS 8Ic 8Ic80j DcgIBBIBg lD Dc 0c8. cclhDVcB IS, IB mD0IDc0 jcl
0clcImIB8Dc 8ShIDB, lhc u cXQcIIcBCc D cXlcD8 Ic IcluDIBg IBW8I0j, ]uSl
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5LMLANLLANULXlKL55ON . ! !7
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lDID0gD IlS I0SDIj ImQIISDumcul.DIS ISuDlCDuCcIV8Dc 8 Dug 8S UcmImclIC
ccmculISIcQIcSSc0Dj 8IIgI08cSUclIC S0QcIcgDI8lDcIlDMlD8llDcmImclIC cc-
mcul0IS8QQC8ISIulD8u0ISm8Iul8Iuc0 IulDcDD]cClIV8lIDuDlDclcuSIDuDclWccu
IlSc 8u0 IlS 8ullDcSIS. P lDc S8mc, ScmDMCc IS mDSl SlDKugj DDVID0S Iu
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l8DDD8KcjSlDuc DDD0IgcDIS DulDDgjcuCID8CDc0 DulDc ZDuclD8lD80 Dccu
lDcI8ulj IcScIVc0DImmcSIS,WDcIcDj IlDcucHCI8j IcVc8c0 D0m8u Immc0-
8Cj lD Dc 8Ic. cjDu0 lDS, DDWcVcI, lDc 8cIgj lD cXQIcSSIDu S0QQDIlS lD8l D8-
lIc0DlDc S0D]cClWIlDD0lWDICDuDCIIlIQ0cDlDc CDmmD0Ilj WDI0WD00cVcu
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CDmQcuS8lDu IuH8lcS IlSc lDc mDIc QDWcIcSS 8u0 HuClIDu8 Il DcCDmcS~IS
8Sc CDuSCID0SucSS lDc mDmcul Il 8jS C8Im lD cXQIcSSIDu Dj cIguIug 8 Icc-
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S0QIcm8CjDIlSIc8lIDuS DQID00ClDuD8S8SIlS8mWD8llDcScIc8lIDuSD8VclD
08lc IHQc0C0~lDc Ic8 cSl8DISDmcul DlDc S0D]cCl~8u0 cXQIcSSIDu IS uDl Sm-
Qj lDc D0DIIS DlDc S0D]cCl D0llDc 8mcul DVcI IlS mISCM I8gc 8S 8CIQDcIDlS
QDSSIDIIQ. LcIl8Iuj,lDc 8cIgj lD cXQIcSSIDu m8j Dc mDSl QIDD0u0j cgIlI-
m8lc0Dj lDc 8Cl lD8l SDmcUIug Iu cXQIcSSIDu lcu0S lDW8I0 mcu08CIlj,Icg8I0-
cSS D8uj 8cSlDclIC m8uIQ08lIDu. XQIcSSIDu IS 8QIDD ImIl8lIDu. L8lculj Im-
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DcllcI. DS IS 8 Iu0Imcul D m8gC, 8lD Iu WD8l tIc00 QDcmC8j C8c0 lDc
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m8gIC SQc.D8lIlISSQDKcu,lD8l0ISl8uCcISlD0S WDu HDmlDcU8QQ0ImHc0-
8Cj D S0cIug, U8uSDDuS S0cIug ]0Sl 8 SCIc8mIug 0ImIuISDcS 0uD88Dc
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Dccu S80ucVcI80cS 8W8j CDmQclcj,ucIlDcIlDc cVI uDI lDc gDD0,ucIlDcIlDc
SDg8u D `lDc Hu8 SD0lIDu uDI lDc DDQc DIcCDuCII8lIDu. D8l 8CCc0cSlD 8u-
g08gcculcISlDcmDVcmculD8D0m8uucSSlD8l0DcSuDljclcXISl, IlISCDmQcc0
lDW8I08ug08gc 8u0 8IVc Duj DjVIIl0cDIlSDcQcSSucSS.bl0mDIugMDug Dc-
DIu0IlS IcIHC8lIDu,lDcS0D]cClImIlSlD8lIcIRC8lDuDj mc8uSDlDcmmclCVcS-
lIgc,UcQcuIQDlculImjD8u0u08m8gc0IcIulDcmI0SlDm0lI8lc0Ic,WDICD
S0DVcIlS lDc S0D]cCl lD I0cDDgj. Dc IucXUC8DIIlj D IcIHC8lDu 8u0 m1mcSIS
0cHucSlDc8QII8D8ISlC cXQIcSSIDu.DcIc IS uDgcucI8lcSlDI 0cCI0ugI8u
8IlISl WDD WIQS D0l cXQIcSSIDu 8lDgclDcI D8S DcCDHc lDc mD0lDQIcCc DIcIHc0
CDuSCID0SucSS DI DlDc SQccCDcSS,cXQIcSSIDucSS cXQIcSSIDu U8l 0cuD0uCcS Il.
P0lDculIC 8IlKuDWSlDccXQIcSSIDuDlDccXQIcSSIDucSS,8Ku0DWccQugWIU-
D0llc8IS.j CDulI8Sl,NeaeSuch/ichkeit'sQDISDc0cXlIIQ8lDuDcXQIcSSIDuCDu-
UD0lcSlD 0uIVcIS8CDuDDuISm8u0 S0DDI0u8lcS 8ulIHuClIDu88IllD 8QIIuCIQc
! !

. LNlMA1CALNL55, 1KU1HCON1LN1,ML1APHY5C5
lh8l OII_IB8lcS cBlIIcj IB uBClIOB8Ilj. hIS OIm O Ic8ClIOB 8IS lO IcCO_BIZc IB
cXQIcSSIOB Wh8l IS BOl mcl8QhOIIC8, BOl OH8mcBl8, lhc mOIc uBIcScIVc0j 8Il-
WOIKS OQcB lhcmScVcS lO lhIS, lhc mOIc lhcj DcCOmc 0cQOSIlIOBS O cXQIcSSIOB
8B0 ccClIVcj IBVcIl Such/ichkeit.Pl lhc VcIj c8Sl Il IS cVI0cBl lh8l 8BlIcXQIcSSIVc
8B0, IKc NOB0II8B S, 8Im8lIVcj m8lhcm8lIZc0 8IlWOIKS h8Vc Dj BO mc8BS
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0IIcClj, lhcB 8l c8Sl Il ShOu0IB 8CCOI0 WIlh 8 mO0cHISm lh8l h8S BOl Qc0_c0
IlSc lO 8DSOulc COBSlIuClIOB ~SQc8K lhIOu_h lhIB_S, lhIOu_h lhcII 8IcB8lc0 8B0
mulI8lc0 OIm.
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lhc OBlcmQOI8Ij SIlu8lIOB, Il IS lhcII IBCOmQIchcBSIDIIlj lh8l Bcc0S lO Dc COm-
QIchcB0c0. h8l IS SO IcSISlcSSj 8DSOIDc0 8S 8 CIChC Dj lhc W8lChWOI0lhc
0ShI0~COu0 OBj Dc IcCuQcI8lc0 Dj 8 lhcOIj lh8l lhIBKS IlS lIulh. l C8BOl SIm-
Qj Dc 0IVI0c0 O IOm lhc SQIIIlu8IZ8lIOB O 8IlWOIKS 8S COuBlcIQOIBl lO lh8l
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SQIIIl IlSc IB IlS OmBIQIcScBCc 8B0 BOl lhc IBlcBlIOB O lhc cBI_m8. OI IB lh8l Il
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SQIIIl. 1l I_BIlcS OB Wh8l IS OQQOSc0 lO Il, OB m8lcII8Ilj. B BO W8j IS SQIIIl mOSl
QIcScBl u lhc mOSl SQIIIlu8 8IlWOIKS. P IS Ic0cmQlIVc IB lhc 8Cl Dj WhICh lhc
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B8IZIB_ Il IB OD]cClS. huS 8Il Q8IlICIQ8lcS IB lhc 8Clu8 mOVcmcBl O hISlOIj IB 8C-
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lIOB IS lh8l O lhc CIIlIQuc O mjlh 8S Wc 8S lh8l lOW8I0 IlS Ic0cmQlIOB. hc Im8_-
IB8lIOB COBDImS lhc QOSSIDIIlIcS O Wh8l Il IcCOcClS. hIS 0OuDc mOVcmcBl O
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8ICh8IC.
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SQIIIl I_BIlcS. B 8IlWOIKS, SQIIIl h8S DcCOmc lhcII QIIBCIQc O COBSlIuClIOB, 8-
lhOu_h Il uDS IlS lcOS OBj WhcB Il cmcI_cS IOm Wh8l IS lO Dc COBSUClc0,
IOm lhc mImclIC ImQuScS, Dj Sh8QIB_ IlSc lO lhcm I8lhcI lh8B 8OWIB_ IlSc lO
Dc ImQOSc0 OB lhcm Dj SOVcIcI_B Iuc. tOIm OD]cClIV8lcS lhc Q8IlICu8I ImQuScS
OBj WhcB Il OOWS lhcm WhcIc lhcj W8Bl lO _O O lhcII OWB 8CCOI0. hIS 8OBc
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SlIuClIVc 8B0 lhc mImclIC, WhICh BO 8IlWOIK C8B IcSOVc 8B0 WhICh IS VIIlu8j Uc
LNIL%AILALNLbb, K\H LLNLN, %LAlHYbILb | !
I

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IBcXlIIC8Dc IOm lhcII SIgBIDC8BCc. hc IB80cQu8Cy O C8SSICISm O 8By QcISu8
SIOB OIIgIB8lcS IB IlS IcQIcSSIOB O lhIS ccmcBl, 8 IcQIcSSIOB lh8l 8Il muSl mISlIuSl.
hc QIOgIcSSIVc SQIIIlu8IZ8lIOB O 8II IB lhc B8mc O m8luIIly OBy 8CCcBlu8lcS
lhc II0ICuOuS 8 lhc mOIc g8IIBgy, lhc mOIc lhc 8IlWOIK S OWB OIg8BIZ8lIOB
8SSImI8lcS IlSc lO 8 OgIC8 OI0cI Dy VIIIuc O IlS IBBcI cX8ClIlu0c, lhc mOIc ODVI
OuSy lhc 0IcIcBCc DclWccB lhc 8IlWOIKS OgICIly 8B0 lhc OgICIly lh8l gOVcHS
cmQIIIC8y DcCOmcS lhc Q8IO0y O lhc 8llcI, lhc mOIc Ic8SOB8Dc lhc WOIK Dc-
COmcS IB lcImS O IlS OIm8 COBSlIlulIOB, lhc mOIc II0ICuOuS Il DcCOmcS 8CCOI0
IBg lO lhc Sl8B08I0 O cmQIIIC8 Ic8SOB. lS II0ICuOuSBcSS IS, hOWcVcI, 8SO Q8Il O
8 COB0cmB8lIOB O cmQIIIC8 I8lIOB8Ily, Il 8CCuScS lhc I8lIOB8Ily O SOCI8 QI8XIS
O h8VIBg DcCOmc 8B cB0 IB IlSc 8B0 8S SuCh lhc IH8lIOB8 8B0 m80 IcVcIS8 O
mc8BS IBlO cB0S. hc II0ICuOuS IB 8Il, WhICh QhIISlIBcS IcCOgBIZc DcIlcI lh8B 0O
lhOSc WhO 8Ic B81Vcy 8l hOmc IB 8Il, 8B0 lhc Oy O 8 I8lIOB8Ily m80c 8DSOulc
IB0ICl OBc OlhcI IcCIQIOC8y, IBCI0cBl8y, WhcB VIcWc0 IOm lhc QcISQcClIVc O
lhc QI8XIS O Sc-QIcScIV8lIOB, h8QQIBcSSScXIS cQu8y II0ICuOuS, 8S C8B Dc
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lhIS ccmcBl, lhc QhIISlIBc 8W8yS h8S 8B IgBOmIBIOuS mc8SuIc O ]uSlIHC8lIOB. hc
II0ICuOuS, 8S 8 D8ID8IIC IcSI0uum O SOmclhIBg 8IcB lO OIm, mISDIcS IB 8Il I 8Il
8IS lO IccCl 8B0 Sh8Qc Il. Il Icm8IBS OB lhc cVc O lhc ChI0ISh 8B0 IS l8KcB OI
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8Il ImQIcS KIlSCh, ]uSl 8S Dy lhc ODIg8lIOB Il ImQOScS O SuDIm8lIBg lhc II0ICuOuS
Il QIcSuQQOScS c0uC8lIOB8 QIIVIcgc 8B0 C8SS SUuCluIc, /an IS 8Il S QuBIShmcBl
OI lhIS. P lhc S8mc, lhc II0ICuOuS ccmcBlS IB 8IlWOIKS 8Ic mOSl 8KIB lO lhcII IB-
lcBlIOBcSS cVcS 8B0 lhcIcOIc, IB gIc8l WOIKS, 8SO COScSl lO lhcII ScCIcl. OOISh
SuD]cClS IKc lhOSc O IheMuicllate8B0 Derlreischtzh8Vc mOIc lI0lh COB
lcBl lhIOugh lhc mc0Ium O lhc muSIC lh8B 0OcS lhc Rin, WhICh gI8Vcy 8ImS 8l
lhc ulIm8lc. B IlS COWBIShBcSS, 8Il COBSOIBgy IcCOcClS QIchISlOIy IB lhc QII-
mOI0I8 WOI0 O mIm8S. PQcS IB lhc ZOO lOgclhcI QcIOIm Wh8l IcScmDcS COWB
IOulIBcS. hc COuSIOB O ChI0IcB WIlh COWBS IS 8 COuSIOB WIlh 8Il, WhICh
80ulS 0IIVc Oul O lhcm ]uSl 8S lhcy 0IIVc Oul lhcII COuSIOB WIlh 8BIm8S. Mum8B
DcIBgS h8Vc BOl SuCCcc0c0 IB SO lhOIOughy IcQIcSSIBg lhcII IKcBcSS lO 8BIm8S
lh8l lhcy 8Ic uB8Dc IB 8B IBSl8Bl lO IcC8QluIc Il 8B0 Dc DOO0c0 WIlh ]Oy, lhc 8B
gu8gc O Illc ChI0IcB 8D0 8BIm8S SccmS lO Dc lhc S8mc. B lhc SImI8IIly O
COWBS lO 8DIm8S lhc IKcBcSS O hum8BS lO 8QcS D8ShcS uQ, lhc COBSlc8lIOB
8BIm8uOOuCOWB IS 8 uB08mcBl8 8ycI O 8Il.
PS 8 lhIBg lh8l Bcg8lcS lhc WOI0 O lhIBgS, cVcIy 8IlWOIK IS 8 QIIOII hcQcSS WhcB
Il IS C8c0 OB lO cgIlIm8lc IlSc lO lhIS WOI0, SlI, 8Il C8BBOl SImQy IcuSc lhc
0cm8B0 OI cgIlIm8lIOB Dy QOIBlIBg lO lhIS 8QIIOIIly. l IS h8I0 lO Dc 8SlOBIShc0 Dy
8Il S cBIgm8lIC8BcSS I Il IS l8KcB BcIlhcI 8S 8 SOuICc O Qc8SuIc, 8S Il IS OI lhOSc
l2 L LNMA1lCAlNL55,1KU1HCON1LN1, ML1AlHY5C5
8lIcB lO 8Il, BOI 8S 8B cXCcQlIOB8l Ic8lm, 8S Il IS OI lhc COBBOISScuI, Dul 8S lhc SuD-
Sl8BCc O QcISOB8l cXQcIIcBCc, jcl lhIS SuDSl8BCc 0cm8B0S lh8l lhc clcmcBlS O 8Il
BOl Dc 8D8B0OBc0 Dul ScCuIc0 WhcB 8Il IS HB08mcBl8llj Ch8llcBgc0 Dj IlS cXQcII-
cBCc. PB IBKIBg O lhIS IS h80 WhcB 8IlWOIKS 8Ic cXQcIIcBCc0 IB SO-C8llc0 CulluI8l
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8Ic 0ISQl8jc0 B8Kc0 lO lhc lcSl O lhcII caibcnc, 8 lcSl HOm WhICh lhcj 8Ic QH-
lcClc0 OBlj Dj Uc lc8Kj IOO O lhcII OWB 8mIlI8I COBlcXl. 1B SuCh SIlu8lIOBS lhc
0ISIcSQcClHl QucSlIOB, WhICh IgBOIcS lhc l8DOO SuIIOuB0IBg lhc 8cSlhclIC ZOBc,
OlcB DcCOmcS 8lcul lO lhc Qu8Ilj O 8 WOIK, ODScIYc0 COmQlclclj cXlcD8llj lhc
8IlWOIKS 0uDIOuSBcSS IS uBCOVcIc0 8S IclcBllcSSlj 8S WhcB lhcj 8Ic ODScIVc0
COmQlclclj IBlcD8llj. hc cBIgm8lIC8lBcSS O 8IlWOIKS Icm8IBS DOuB0 uQ WIlh
hISlOIj. 1l W8S lhIOugh hISlOIj lh8l lhcj DcC8mc 8B cBIgm8, Il IS hISlOIj lh8l cVcI
8B0 8g8IB m8KcS lhcm SuCh, 8B0, COBVcISclj, Il IS hISlOIj 8OBc~WhICh g8Vc lhcm
lhcII 8ulhOIIlj ~lh8l hOl0S 8l 8 0ISl8BCc lhc cmD8II8SSIBg QucSlIOB O lhcII I8ISOB
0clIc. hc cBIgm8lIC8lBcSS O 8IlWOIKS IS lcSS lhcII III8lIOB8lIlj lh8B lhcII I8lIO-
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BcSS IS lDIOWB IBlO IclIc. hIOugh OIm, 8IlWOIKS g8IB lhcII IcScmDl8BCc lO l8B-
gu8gc, SccmIBg 8l cVcIj QOIBl lO S8j ]uSl lhIS 8B0 OBl] lhIS, 8B0 8l lhc S8mc lImc
Wh8lcVcI Il IS SlIQS 8W8j.
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COBCc8 Il cXQIcSScS lhIS cBIgm8lIC8lBcSS IOm lhc QcISQcClIVc O l8Bgu8gc. hIS
Ch8I8ClcIISlIC C8VOIlS ClOWBIShlj, I OBc IS WIlhIB lhc 8IlWOIK, I OBc Q8IlICIQ8lcS
In Il8 :mm8nCnl COmQlCl:On, lhI8 CnIgm8lIC8lnC88 m8kC8 Il8Cl InVI8IDlC, I OBc
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m8lIC8lBcSS IcluDS lIKc 8 SQIIIl. hIS gIVcS uIlhcI Ic8SOB OI lhc Slu0j O lhOSc
WhO 8Ic 8lIcB lO 8Il. 1B lhcII QIOXImIlj lhc cBIgm8lIC8lBcSS O 8Il DcCOmcS Oul-
I8gcOuS lO lhc QOIBl lh8l 8Il IS COmQlclclj Bcg8lc0, uBWIllIBglj lhc ullIm8lc CDlI-
CISm O 8Il 8B0, IB lh8l Il IS 8 0ccClIVc 8llIlu0c, 8 COBDIm8lIOB O 8IlS Uulh. 1l IS
ImQOSSIDlc lO cXQl8IB 8Il lO lhOSc WhO h8Vc BO cclIBg OI Il, lhcj 8Ic BOl 8Dlc lO
DIIBg 8B IBlcllcClu8l uB0cISl8B0IBg O Il IBlO lhcII IVIBg cXQcIIcBCc. OI lhcm lhc
Ic8Ilj QIIBCIQlc IS SuCh 8B ODScSSIOB lh8l Il Ql8CcS 8 l8DOO OB 8cSlhclIC COmQOIl-
mcBl 8S 8 WhOlc, IBCIlc0 Dj lhc CulluI8l 8QQIOD8lIOB O 8Il, 8lIcBBcSS lO 8Il OHcB
Ch8HgcS IBlO 8ggIcSSIOB, BOl lhc lc8Sl O lhc C8uScS O lhc COBlcmQOI8Ij 0c8cS-
lhclICIZ8lIOB O 8Il. 1lS cBIgm8lIC8lBcSS m8j IB 8B clcmcBl8Ij 8ShIOB COBDIm lhc
SO-C8lc0 uBmuSIC8l, WhO 0OcS BOl uB0cISl8H0 lhc l8Bgu8gc O muSIC, hc8IS BOlh-
IBg Dul BOBScBSc, 8B0 WOB0cIS Wh8l 8ll lhc BOISc IS 8DOul, lhc 0IcIcBCc DclWccB
Wh8l lhIS QcISOB hc8IS 8B0 Wh8l lhc IBIlI8lc0 hc8I 0cDBcS 8IlS cBIgm8lIC8lBcSS.
hIS IS O COuISc BOl IcSlIIClc0 lO muSIC, WhOSc 8COBCcQlu8lIlj m8KcS I l 8lmOSl lOO
ODVIOuS. hOcVcI IcHScS lO IccB8Cl lhc WOIK uB0cI lhc 0ISCIQlIBc Il ImQOScS 8llS
uB0cI lhc cmQlj g8Zc C8Sl Dj 8 Q8IBlIBg OI QOcm, lhc S8mc cmQlj g8Zc lh8l, IB 8
ScBSc, lhc 8Il-8lIcB cBCOuBlcI IB muSIC, 8B0 Il IS QIcCISclj lhc cmQlj QucSlIOBIBg
LNlMAJCALNL55, 1KU1HCON1LN1, ML1AlHY5lC5 | l 2l
_8Zc lB8l lBc cXQcIIcBCc 8BC IBlcIQIcl8lIOB O MlWOIKS muSl 8SSImI8lc I lBcy Mc
BOl lO _O 8SlI8y, 8IIB_ lO QcICcIVc lBc 8DySS IS BO QIOlcClIOB IOm Il, BOWcVcI
COBSCIOuSBcSS SccKS lO S8c_u8IC IlSc IOm OSIB_ IlS W8y IS 8lcu. BcIc IS BO
8BSWcI lB8l WOuC COBVIBCc SOmcOBc WBO WOuC 8SK SuCB QucSlIOBS 8S `By ImI-
l8lc SOmclDIB_1 OI `By lc 8 SlOIy 8S I Il WcIc lIuc WBcB ODVIOuSy lBc 8ClS
8Ic OlBcIWISc 8BC Il ]uSl CISlOIlS Ic8Ily7 PlWOIKS 8 BcQcSSy mulc DcOIc lBc
QucSlIOB `B8lS Il OI1 8BC DcOIc lBc IcQIO8CB lB8l lBcy 8Ic 8Clu8y QOIBlcSS.
, OI IBSl8BCc, OBc IcSQOBCcC lB8l DClIVc B8II8lIOB C8B lOuCB mOIc CccQy OB lBc
cSScBCc O BISlOIC8 Ic8Ily lB8B C8B 8Clu8 IcQOIl8_c, 8 QOSSIDc IcQy WOuC Dc
lB8l QIcCIScy lBIS IS 8 m8llcI O lBcOIy, 8BC lB8l lBcOIy B8S BO BccC O DClIOB. BIS
m8DIcSl8lIOB O lBc cBI_m8lIC8BcSS O 8Il 8S IBCOmQIcBcBSIOB IB lBc 8Cc O
QucSlIOBS O Qul8lIVcy _I8BC QIIBCIQc IS 8mII8I IB lBc DO8CcI COBlcXl O lBc
Du IBBcIcBl IB Uc QucSlIOB 8S lO lBc mc8BIB_ O Ic.
!
Bc 8WKW8ICBcSS QmQlcC
Dy SuCB QucSlIOBS C8B c8SIy Dc COBuScC WIlB lBcII IIIcul8DIIly, lBcII cVc O 8D-
SlI8ClIOB IS SO IcmOlc Om WB8l IS cOIlcSSy SuDSumcC, lB8l lBc 8Clu8 QucSlIOB
V8BISBcS. \BCcISl8BCIB_ 8IlS cBI_m8lIC8BcSS IS BOl cQuIV8cBl lO uBCcISl8BCIB_
SQcCIDC 8IlWOIKS, WBICB DQuIIcS 8B OD]cClIVc cXQcIIcBlI8 IccB8ClmcBl Om WIUIB
IB lBc S8mc ScBSc IB WBICB lBc IBlcQIcl8lIOB O 8 muSIC8 WOIK mc8BS IlS 8IlBu
QcIOIm8BCc. \BCcISl8BCIB_ IS IlSc 8 QIODcm8lIC C8lc_OIy IB lBc 8Cc O 8HS
cBI_m8lIC8BcSS. DOcVcI SccKS lO uBCcISl8DC 8IlWOIKS cXCuSIVcy lBIOu_B lBc
Imm8BcBCc O COBSCIOuSBcSS WIlBIB lBcm Dy lBIS VcIy mc8SuIc 8IS lO uBCcISl8DC
lDcm 8BC 8S SuCB uBCcISl8BCIB_ _IOWS, SO COcS lBc ccIB_ O IlS IBSuDCIcBCy
C8u_Bl DIBCy IB lBc SQc O 8Il, lO WBICB 8IlS OWB lIulB COBlcBl IS OQQOScC.
OBc WBO cXIlS Om lBIS ImH8DcBl COBlcXl OI W8S BcVcI IB Il Ic_ISlcIS lBc cBI_m8lI-
C8BcSS WIlB 8BImOSIly, lBc cBI_m8lIC8BcSS CIS8QQc8IS CcCcQlIVcy IBlO lBc 8IlIS-
lIC cXQcIIcBCc. Bc DcllcI 8B 8IlWOIK IS uBCcISlOOC, lBc mOIc Il IS uBQuZZcC OB
OBc cVc 8BC lBc mOIc ODSCuIc IlS COBSlIlulIVc cBIgm8lIC8BcSS DcCOmcS. l OBy
cmcI_cS CcmOBSU8lIVcy IB lBc QIOOuBCcSl cXQcIIcBCc O 8Il. 1 8 WOIK OQcBS
IlSc COmQclcy, Il IcVc8S IlSc 8S 8 QucSlIOB 8BC Ccm8BCS IcDcClIOB, UcB lBc
WOIK V8BISBcS IBlO lBc CISl8BCc, OBy lO IcluD lO lBOSc WBO lBOu_Bl lBcy uBCcI-
SlOOC Il, OVcIWBcmIB_ lBcm OI 8 ScCOBC lImc WIlB lBc QucSlIOB `B8l IS Il7
PIlS cBI_m8lIC8BcSS C8D, BOWcVcI, Dc IcCO_BIZcC 8S COBSlIlulIVc WBcIc Il IS 8D-
ScBl. PIlWOIKS lB8l uBOC lO COBlcmQ8lIOB 8BC lBOu_Bl WIlBOul 8By Icm8IBCcI
8Ic BOl 8IlWOIKS. LBI_m8 BcIc IS BOl 8 _ID SyBOBym OI `QIODcm, 8 COBCcQl lB8l
IS OBy 8cSlDclC8y SI_BIDC8Bl IB lBc SUICl ScBSc O 8 l8SK QOScC Dy lDc Imm8BcBl
COmQOSIlIOB O WOIKS. B BO cSS SlIICl lcImS, 8IlWOIKS 8Ic cBI_m8S. Bcy COBl8B
lBc QOlcBlI8 OI lBc SOulIOB, Uc SOulIOB IS BOl OD]cClIVcy _IVcB. LVcIy 8IlWOIK
IS 8 QICluIc QuZZc, 8 QuZZc lO Dc SOVcC, Dul lBIS QuZZc IS COBSlIlulcC IB SuCB 8
8SBIOB lB8l Il Icm8IBS 8 VcX8lIOB, lDc QIccSl8DISBcC IOulIB_ O IlS ODScIVcI. Bc
BcWSQ8QcI QICluIc QuZZc IcC8QIlu8lcS Q8yuy WB8l 8IlWOIKS C8IIy Oul IB cm-
cSl. bQcCIDC8y, MlWOIKS 8Ic IKc QICluIc QuZZcS IB lB8l WB8l lDcy BICcIKc
Oc S cllcI~IS VISIDc 8BC IS, Dy DcIB_ VISIDc, BICCcB. Dc LcIm8B 8B_u8_c, IB
! 22 . LN1L%AlLALNLbb, JKLH LONJLNJ, %LAlHYb1Lb
IlS QIOlOQhIOSOQhIC 0cSCIIQlIOB O 8cSlhclIC cXQcIIcBCc, II_hlj cXQIcSScS lh8l OBc
uB0cISl8B0S SOmclhIB_ O 8Il, BOl lh8l OBc uB0cISl8B0S 8Il. LOBBOISScuIShIQ O 8Il
IS lhc COmDIB8lIOB O 8B 80cQu8lc COmQIchcBSIOB O lhc m8lcII8 8B0 8 B8IIOW-
mIB0c0 IBCOmQDhcBSIOB O lhc cBI_m8, Il IS BcuU8 lO Wh8l IS COmc0. hOSc WhO
QcIuSc 8Il SOcj WIlh COmQIchcBSIOB m8Kc Il IBlO SOmclhIB_ SU8I_hlOIW8I0,
WhICh IS uIlhcSl IOm Wh8l Il IS. OBc SccKS lO _cl 8 COScI OOK 8l 8 I8IBDOW, Il
0IS8QQc8IS. L 8 lhc 8IlS, muSIC IS lhc QIOlOljQIC8 cX8mQc O lhIS l IS 8l OBCc
COmQclcj cBI_m8lIC 8B0 lOl8j cVI0cBl. l C8BBOl Dc SOVc0, OBj IlS OIm C8B Dc
0cCIQhcIc0, 8B0 QIcCIScj lhIS IS IcQuISIlc OI lhc QhIOSOQhj O 8Il. Mc 8OBc WOu0
uB0cISl8B0 muSIC WhO hc8IS WIlh 8 lhc 8IcBBcSS O lhc uBmuSIC8 8B0 WIlh 8 O
bIc_Hc0 S 8mII8IIlj WIlh lhc 8B_u8_c O lhc DII0S. \B0cISl8B0IB_, hOWcVcI, 0OcS
BOl cXlIB_uISh lhc cBI_m8lIC8BcSS O 8Il. LVcB lhc cICIlOuSj IBlcIQIclc0 WOIK
8SKS OI uIlhcI uB0cISl8B0IB_, 8S I W8IlIB_ OI lhc Ic0cmQlIVc WOI0 lh8l WOu0
0ISSOVc IlS COBSlIlulIVc 08IKcBIB_. OOWIB_ 8IlWOIKS lhIOu_h IB lhc Im8_IB8-
lIOB IS lhc mOSl COmQclc, mOSl 0cCcQlIVc SuIIO_8lc OI uB0cISl8B0IB_, lhOu_h OD-
VIOuSj 8SO 8 SlcQ lOWM0 Il. hOSc WhO C8B 80cQu8lcj Im8_IBc muSIC WIlhOul
hc8IIB_ Il QOSScSS lh8l COBBcClIOB WIlh Il IcQuIIc0 OI IlS uB0cISl8B0IB_. \B0cI-
Sl8B0IB_ IB lhc hI_hcSl ScBSc~8 SOulIOB O lhc cBI_m8 lh8l 8l lhc S8mc lImc
m8IBl8IBS lhc cBI_m80cQcB0S OB 8 SQIIIlu8IZ8lIOB O 8Il 8B0 8IlISlIC cXQcIIcBCc
WhOSc QIIm8Ij mc0Ium IS lhc Im8_IB8lIOB. hc SQIIIlu8IZ8lIOB O 8 8QQIO8ChcS
IlS cBI_m8lIC8BcSS BOl 0IIcClj lhIOu_h COBCcQlu8 cuCI08lIOB, Dul I8lhcI Dj COB-
CIclIZIB_ IlS cBI_m8lIC8BcSS. hc SOulIOB O lhc cBI_m8 8mOuBlS lO _IVIB_ lhc
Ic8SOB OI IlS IBSOuDIIlj, WhICh IS lhc _8Zc 8IlWOIKS 0IIcCl 8l lhc VIcWcI. hc 0c-
m8B0 O 8tlWOtKS lh8l lhCy bC undCt8lOOd, lh8l lhCIt COnlCnl bC gm8QCd, I8 bOund
lO lhcII SQcCIDC cXQcIIcBCc, Dul Il C8B OBj Dc uDc0 Dj W8j O lhc lhcOIj U8l
IcHcClS lhIS cXQcIIcBCc. h8l lhc cBI_m8lIC8BcSS O 8IlWOIKS IccIS lO C8B OBj
Dc lhOu_hl mc0I8lc0j. hc OD]cClIOB lO lhc QhcBOmcBOO_j O 8Il, 8S lO 8Bj Qhc-
BOmcBOO_j U8l Im8_IBcS Il C8B 8j IlS h8B0S 0IIcClj OB Uc cSScBCc, IS BOl lh8l Il
IS 8BlI cmQIIIC8 Dul, OB lhc COBU8Ij, lh8l Il DIIB_S lhIBKIB_ cXQcIIcBCc lO 8 h8l.
hc muCh 0cII0c0 IBCOmQIchcBSIDIIlj O hcImclIC 8IlWOIKS 8mOuBlS lO lhc 80-
mISSIOB O lhc cBI_m8lIC8BcSS O 8 8Il. 8Il O lhc I8_c 8_8IBSl hcImclIC WOIKS IS
lh8l lhcj 8SO Sh8llcI lhc COmQIchcBSIDIIlj O lI80IlIOB8 WOIKS. l hO0S lIuc IB
_cBcI8 lh8l lhc WOIKS S8BClIOBc0 Dj U80IlIOB 8B0 QuDIC OQIBIOB 8S DcIB_ Wc
uB0cISlOO0 WIlh0I8W DchIB0 lhcII _8V8BIZc0 SuI8Cc 8B0 DcCOmc COmQclcj
IBCOmQIchcBSIDc, lhOSc m8BIcSlj IBCOmQIchcBSIDc WOIKS lh8l cmQh8SIZc lhcII
cBI_m8lICmBcSS 8Ic QOlcBlI8j lhc mOSl COmQIchcBSIDc. P IB lhc mOSl cm-
Qh8lIC ScBSc 8CKS lhc COBCcQl cVcB WhcB Il cmQOjS COBCcQlS 8B0 808QlS IlS 8C80c
lO COmQIchcBSIOB. PO COBCcQl lh8l cBlcIS 8B 8IlWOIK Icm8IBS Wh8l Il IS, c8Ch 8B0
cVcIj COBCcQl IS SO lI8BSOImc0 lh8l IlS SCOQc C8B Dc 8cClc0 8B0 IlS mc8BIB_
Ic8ShIOBc0. B I8K S QOcmS lhc WOI0 `SOB8l8 8CQuIIcS 8 uBIQuc ImQOIl8BCc Dj
IlS SOuB0 80 Dj Uc 8SSOCI8lIOBS cSl8DIShc0 Dj lhc QOcm, I OBc W8lc0 lO cBVI-
SIOB 8 Q8IlICu8I SOB8l8 OB lhc D8SIS O lhc 0IuSc SOuB0S lh8l 8Ic Su__cSlc0, lhc
LNlMA1LALNL55,1KU1HLON1LN1,ML1APHY5L5 . !2J
ScBSc O lhc WOI0 IB lhc QOcm COu0 Dc mISSc0 ]uSl 8S lhc COB]uBCl Im8_c WOu0
Dc IBCOB_IuOuS WIlh SuCh 8 SOB8l8 8B0 lhc SOB8l8 OIm IlSc. Pl lhc S8mc lImc
lhIS WOu0 Dc c_IlIm8lc, DcC8uSc lhc WOI0 CO8cSCcS Oul O I8_mcBlS 8B0 SCI8QS
O SOB8l8S 8B0 IlS VcIj B8mc IS IcmIBISCcBl O lhc SOuB0 lh8l IS mc8Bl 8B0 8W8K-
cBc0 IB lhc WOIK. hc lcIm SOB8l8 0cSCIIDcS WOIKS lh8l 8Ic hI_hj 8IlICu8lc0, mO-
lIVIC8j 8B0 lhcm8lIC8j WIOu_hl, 8B0 IBlcD8j 0jB8mIC, lhcII uBIlj IS 8 Cc8Ij
0IcIcBlI8lc0 m8BIO0, WIlh 0cVcOQmcBl 8B0 IcQIISc. hc VcISc, hcIc 8Ic
IOOmS Hc0 WIlh ChOI0S 8B0 SOB8l8S Icl8IBS Illc O lhIS Dul h8S, I8lhcI, lhc cc-
IB_ O lhc ChI0ISh B8mIB_ O B8mcS, Il h8S mOIc lO 0O WIlh lhc SQuIIOuS lIlc
Mccn/ihtSOB8l8 lh8B WIlh lhc COmQOSIlIOB IlSc 8B0 jcl IS BO COIBCI0cBCc, WIlh-
Oul lhc SOB8l8S lh8l hIS SISlcI Q8jc0 lhcIc WOu0 BOl h8Vc DccB lhc ISO8lc0 SOuB0S
IB WhICh lhc mc8BChOj O lhc QOl SOu_hl ShclcI. bOmclhIB_ O lDIS mmKS cVcB
lhc QOcmS SImQcSl WOI0S, WhICh 8Ic 0I8WB IOm COmHuBIC8lIVc 8B_u8_c, U8l
IS Whj IcChl S CIIlIguc O 8ulOBOmOuS 8Il, lh8l Il SImQj DIlcI8lcS Wh8l SOmc-
lhIB_ IS, mISScS lhc m8IK. VcB I8KS OmBIQIcScBl IS IS 8IcB8lc0 IB lhc 8Il
WOIK IOm IlS COBCcQlu8 ScBSc. l cXQIcSScS BO cXISlcBlI8 ]u0_mcBl Dul I8lhcI IlS
Q8c 8lcIIm8_c gu8Il8lIVcj U8BSOImc0 lO lhc QOIBl O Bc_8lIOB, Uc 8SScIlIOB
lh8l SOmclhIB_ IS 8mOuBlS lO DOlh mOD 8B0 cSS 8B0 IBCu0cS lhc ImQIC8lIOB lh8l
SOmclhIB_ IS BOl. hcB IcChl OI II8m L8IOS II8mS S8DOl8_cS lhc QOlIC
8B0 8QQIOXIm8lcS 8B cmQIIIC8 IcQOIl, lhc 8Clu8 IcSul IS Dj BO mc8BS SuCh 8
IcQOIl. j lhc QOcmIC8 Ic]cClIOB O lhc cX8lC0 jIIC8 lOBc, lhc cmQIIIC8 ScB-
lcBCcS lI8BS8lc0 IBlO lhc 8cSlhclIC mOB80 8CguIIc 8B 8lO_clhcI 0IHcICBl gu8Ilj.
hc 8BlIjIIC8 lOBc 8B0 lDc cSlI8B_cmcBl O lhc 8QQIOQII8lc0 8ClS 8Ic lWO SI0cS
O lhc S8mc COIB. Ju0_mcBl IlSc uB0cI_OS mcl8mOIQhOSIS IB lhc 8IlWOIX. PIl-
WOIKS 8Ic, 8S SjBlhcSIS, 8B8O_OuS lO ]u0_mcBl, IB 8IlWOIXS, hOWcVcI, SjBlhcSIS
0OcS BOl IcSul IB ]u0_mcBl, O BO 8IlWOIK IS Il QOSSIDc lO 0clcImIBc IlS ]u0_mcBl
Ot Wh8l IlS SO-C8cd mcSS8gc IS. hIS lhcIcOIc QucSlIOB8Dc WhclhcI 8IlWOIXS C8B
QOSSIDj Dc enu, cVcB WhcB lhcj cmQh8SIZc lDcII enuement.h8l WOIXS
8mOuBl lO, lh8l IB WhICh lhcj mc uBIhcd, C8BBOl Dc OImu8lc0 8S 8 ]u0_mcBl, BOl
cVcB 8S OBc lh8l lhcj Sl8lc IB WOIdS 8B0 ScBlcBCcS. NIIXc h8S 8 Illc QOcm
cBlIlc0 NOuScU8Q hjmc. OBc IcSlIIClc0 IBlcIQICl8lIOB lO IlS 0ISCuISIVc
COBlcBl, lhc QOcm WOu0 8mOuBl lO BO mOIc lh8B S80ISlIC I0cBlIhC8lIOB WIlh Wh8l
CIVIIZc0 CuSlOm h8S 0OBc lO 8B 8BIm8 dIS08IBc0 8S 8 Q8I8SIlc.
NOuSclI8Q hjmc
1he chi/dcirc/esthemcasetmpthreetimesundchunts:
LIllc _ucSl, Illc hOuSc.
Lc8ICSl lIBj OI _IOWB-uQ mOuSc
DO0j Q8j uS 8 VISIl lOBI_hl
WhcB lhc mOOB ShIBcS DII_hl
ul COSc lhc 0OOI D8CX O jOu lI_hl,
jOu hc8IT
!24 . LNMA1lLALNL55,1KU1HLON1LN1, ML1APHY5L5
Pu0 C8Icu OI OuI Illc l8I l
PlcI 0IuucI Wc WI SIug
PlcI 0IuucI Wc WI SQIIug
Pu0 m8Xc 8 Illc 08uCc.
bWISh, bWISh
N O0 C8l WI QIOD8D Dc 08uCIug WIlh.
hc ChI0 S l8uul, N O0 C8l WI QIOD8D Dc 08uCIug WIlh I Il Ic8 IS 8
l8uul 8u0 uOl lhc IuVOuul8II IIcu0 Im8gc O ChI0, C8l, 8B0 mOuSc 08uCIug,
lhc lWO 8uIm8S Ou lhcII hIu0 cgSOuCc 8QQIOQII8lc0 D lhc QOcm, uO OugcI h8S
lhc 8Sl WOI0. O Ic0uCc lhc QOcm lO 8 l8uul IS lO IguOIc IlS SOCI8 COulcul [Inhlt]
8Oug WIlh IlS QOclIC COulcul. hc QOcm IS lhc uOu ]u0gmcul8 IccX O 8ugu8gc
Ou 8 mIScI8Dc, SOCI8 COu0IlIOuc0 IIlu8, 8u0 8S SuCh Il lI8BSCcu0S Il D SuDOI0I
u8lIug IlSc lO Il. hc QOcmS gcSluIc, WhICh QOIulS lO lhIS IIlu8 8S I uOlhIug cSc
WcIc QOSSIDc, hO0S COuIl OVcI lhc g8QcSS Imm8ucuCc O lhc IIlu8 D DIug lhc
OICc O Sc-cVI0cuCc IulO 8u Iu0IClmcul O lh8l IIlu8. PIl ]u0gcS cXCuSIVc D
8DSl8IuIug IOm ]u0gmcul, UIS IS lhc 0ccuSc O u8luI8ISm. FOIm, WhICh Sh8QcS
VcISc IulO lhc cChO O 8 mlhIC8 cQIgI8m, ucg8lcS IlS 8lcHucSS. ChO IcCOuCIcS.
hcSc QIOCcSScS, lI8BSQIIIug Iu lhc IulcIIOI O 8UWOIXS, m8Xc lhcm lId IuDuIlc
Iu lhcmScVcS. 1l IS uOl lh8l 8IlWOIXS 0IcI IOm SIguIDC8lIVc 8ugu8gc D lhc
8DScuCc O mc8uIugS, I8lhcI, lhcSc mc8uIugS lhIOugh lhcII 8DSOIQlIOu DcCOmc 8
m8llcI O 8CCI0cul. hc mOVcmculS D WhICh lhIS 8DSOIQlIOu O mc8uIug OCCuIS
8Ic COuCIclc QIcSCIIDc0 D cVcI 8cSlhclIC8 OImc0 OD]cCl.
PIlWOIXS Sh8Ic WIlh cuIgm8S lhc 0u8I! O DCIng dClCDIn8lC 8nd IndClCDIn8lC.
hc 8Ic QucSlIOu m8IXS, uOl uuIVOC8 cVcu !hIOugh SulhcSIS. DcVcIlhccSS !hcII
DguIc IS SO QIcCISc lh8l Il 0clcImIucS lhc QOIul WhcIc lhc WOIX DIc8XS OD. PS Iu
cuIgm8S, Uc 8uSWcI IS DOlh hI00cu 8u0 0cm8u0c0 D lhc SUuCluIc. hIS IS lhc
HuClIOu O lhc WOIXS Imm8ucul OgIC, O lhc 8WHucSS lh8l lI8uSQIIcS Iu Il, 8u0
lh8l IS lhc lhcOIC O lhc COuCcQl O QuIQOSc Iu 8Il. hc 8Im O 8IlWOIXS IS lhc
0clcImIu8lIOu O lhc Iu0clcImIu8lc. OIXS 8Ic QuIQOScH Iu !hcmScVcS, WI!hOul
h8VIug 8B QOSIlIVc QuIQOSc DcOu0 lhcII OWu 8 gcmcul, lhcII QuIQOScuucSS,
hOWcVcI, IS cgIlIm8lc0 8S lhc DguIc O lhc 8BSWcI lO lhc cuIgm8. hIOugh OIg8BI-
Z8lIOu 8IlWOIXS DcCOmc mOIc lh8u lhc 8Ic. 1u IcCcul 8cSlhclIC 0cD8lcS, cSQcCI8
Iu lhc Duc 8IlS, lhc COuCcQl O critareh8S DcCOmc IccV8ul, IuSQIIc0 QIOD8D D
cc S 0I8WIugS, WhICh 8QQIOXIm8lc SCI8Wc0 WIIlIug. LIXc 8 Sc8IChIghl, lhIS
C8lcgOI O mO0cD 8Il IumIucS lhc 8Il O lhc Q8Sl, 8 8IlWOIXS 8Ic WDlIug, uOl
]uSl lhOSc lh8l 8Ic ODVIOuS SuCh, lhc 8Ic hIcIOgQhS OI WhICh lhc CO0c h8S
Dccu OSl, 8 OSS lh8l Q8S IulO lhcII COulcul. PIlWOIXS 8Ic 8ugu8gc OB 8S WIIl-
Iug. uO 8IlWOIX IS cVcI 8 ]u0gmcul, c8Ch 8IlWOIX COul8IuS ccmculS 0cIIVc0
IOm ]u0gmcul 8u0 DcmS 8u 8SQcCl O DcIug COIIcCl 8u0 IuCOIIcCl, U0c 8u0 8Sc.
3cl lhc SIcul 8u0 0clcImIu8lc 8uSWcI O 8IlWOIXS 0OcS uOl IcVc8 IlSc lO IulcI-
QIcl8lIOu WIlh 8 SIugc SlIOXc, 8S 8 ucW Immc0I8C, Dul Ou D W8 O 8 mc0I8-
LNL%A1LALNLbb, 1KU1H LLN1LN1, %L1AHYbLb c lZ5
lIDuS, lhDSc D lhc WDIXS 0ISCIQIuc 8S Wc 8S lhDSc D lhDu_hl 8u0 QhIDSDQhj.
hc cuI_m8lIC8ucSS DuIIVcS lhc IulcIQIcl8lIDu Ih8l 8IIVcS 8l lhc 8uSWcI. hlhc
cuI_m8lIC8!ucSS D 8IlWDIXS IS uDl DC8IZc0 Iu Wh8l IS cXQcIIcuCc0 Iu lhcm, Iu
8cSUcIIC uu0cISl8u0Iu_I Uc cuI_m8lIC8!ucSS Duj DuISlS DQcu Iu lhc 0ISl8uCc~
lhc cXQIcuCc Ih8l ImmcIScS IlSc Iu Ihc 8IlWDIXS 8u0 IS IcW8J0c0 WIlh CDIIDDD-
I8lIDu IlSc DcCDmcS cuI_m8lC. lhc cuI_m8 lh8l Wh8l IS mulIVDC8j culWIuc0
C8u Dc uuIVDC8j 8u0 CDmQcIu_j uu0cISlDD0 8S SuCh. tDI lhc cXQIcuCc D 8Il-
WDIXS, Wh8lcVcI IlS Sl8IlIu_ QDIul, IS 8S 8ul hImSc 0cSCIDc0 Il, ucCcSS8Ij Im-
m8ucul 8u0 U8uSQ8Icul I_hl IulD IlS mDSl SuDImc uu8uCc. hc muSICI8u WhD
uu0cISI8u0S lhc SCDIc DDWS IlS mDSl muulc ImQuScS, 8u0 jcl Iu 8 CcIl8u ScuSc
hc 0DcS uDl XuDW Wh8l hc Q8jS, lhc SIlu8lIDu IS uD 0IcIcul DI lhc 8ClDI, 8u0 QIc-
CIScj Iu lhIS IS lhc mImclIC C8Q8CIlj m80c m8uIcSl mDSl 0I8SlC8j Iu lhc QI8XIS
D 8IlISlIC QIDIm8uCc 8S lhc ImIl8lIDu D lhc 0juC CuIYcS D Wh8l IS QcI-
DImc0, Il IS lhc guIulcSScuCc D uu0cISl8u0Iu_ IhIS SI0c D lhc cuI_m8. MDWcVcI,
8S SDDu 8S lhc cXQcIcuCc D 8JlWDIXS 8_S, lhcj QIcScul lhcII cuI_m8 8S 8 @-
m8Cc. 1uCcSS8Ij lhc cXQIcuCc D 8IIWDIXS IS lhIc8lcuc0 Dj lhcI cuI_m8lIC8-
ucSS. 1 cuI_m8IC8ucSS 0IS8QQc8JS CDmQclcj IDm lhc cXQcIIcuCc, I cXQcIcuCc
SuQQDScS lh8l Il h8S DcCDmc CDmQclcj Imm8ucul lD lhc DD]cCl, lhc cuI_m8S _8Zc
Su00cuj 8QQc8IS 8_8Iu, IhuS IS QIcScIVc0 lhc 8IlWDIXS ScIDuSucSS, WhICh Sl8IcS
Dul D 8ICh8C Im8_cS 80 IS m8SKc0 Iu U80IlIDu8 8Il Dj lhcII 8mI8I 8u_u8_c
uulI SUcu_lhcuc0 lD lhc QDIul D lDl8! Icu8IDu.
1 lhc QIDCcSS Imm8ucul lD 8IlWDIXS CDuSIIlulcS lhc cuI_m8, Ih8l IS, Wh8l SuIQ8SScS
lhc mc8uIu_ D 8 IlS Q8IlICu8I ccmculS, lhIS QIDCcSS 8l lhc S8mc Imc 8llcuu8lcS
lhc cuI_m8 8S SDDu 8S lhc 8IIWDIK IS uD Du_cI QICcIVc0 8S DXc0 8u0 lhcIcuQDu
V8Iuj IulcIQIclc0 Dul IuSlc80 DuCc 8_8u QID0uCc0 Iu IlS DD]cClIVc CDuSlIlulIDu. 1u
QIDIm8uCcS lh8l 0D uDl 0D lhIS, lh8l 0D uDl IulcIQIcl, lhc Iu-IlSc D lhc 8IlWDIXS,
WhCh SuCh 8SCclCISm C8ImS lD ScIVc, DcCDmcS lhc DDDlj D IlS mulcucSS, cVcIj
uDuIulcIQIclIVc QcIDIm8uCc IS mc8uIu_cSS. 1 SDmc ljQcS D 8Il, 0I8m8, 8u0 lD 8
CcII8u cXlcul muSIC, 0cm8u0 ID8l lhcj Dc Q8jc0 8u0 IulcIQIcIc0 SD lh8l lhcj C8u
DcCDmc Wh8l lhcj 8Ic8 uDIm IDm WhICh uD Duc IS cXcmQl WhD IS 8l hDmc Iu
Ihc Ihc8lcI DI Du lhc QD0Ium 8u0 XuDWS lhc gu8Il8lIVc 0IcIcuCc DclWccu Wh8l IS
IcguIIc0 lhcIc 8u0 lhc lcXlS 8u0 SCDIcSIhcSc ljQcS 8Clu8j 0D uD mDIc Ih8 Iu-
Du8lc Ihc CDmQDIImcul D 8u 8IlWDIX, cVcu IhDSc lD8l 0D uDl W8ul lD Dc QcI-
DImc0. hIS CDmQDIlmcul IS lh8l c8Ch 8IIWDIX IS lhc IcC8QIlu8lIDu D IlSc. PIl-
WDIKS 8Ic Sc-IXcucSS Hcc0 IDm lhc CDmQuSIDu D I0culIlj. hc PIISlDlcI8u
0IClum lh8l Duj IXc C8u XuDW IXc, WhICh QID_IcSSIVc I8lIDu8IIj h8S Ic0uCc0 lD
8 m8I_Iu8 V8uc, 0VI0cS lhc KuDWc0_c lh8l IS 8II IDm CDuCcQlu8 XuDWc0_c.
h8l IS cSSculI8j mImclIC 8W8IlS mImclC CDmQDIlmcul. 1 8IlWDIXS 0D uDl
m8Xc IhcmScVcS IXc SDmcIhIu_ cSc Dul Duj IXc lhcmScVcS, lhcu Duj IhDSc
WhD Iml8lc lhcm uu0cISl8u0 IDcm. I8m8lC DI muSIC8 lcXlS ShDu0 Dc Ic_M0c0
cXCuSIVcj Iu lhIS 8ShIDu 8u0 uDl 8S lDc guIulcSScuCc D IuSlIuClIDuS DI lDc QcI-
DImcIS. hcj 8Ic lDc CDu_c8c0 ImII8lDu D WDIXS, VIIu8j D IhcmScVcS, 8u0
!2 L LNMA1ILALNL55,TU LN1LN1,ML1APHY5IL5
lD lhIS cXlcBl CDBSlIlulIVc 8lhDugh 8W8jS QcImc8lc0 WIlh SIgBIDC8lIVc ccmcBlS.
hclhcI DI BDl Ucj 8Ic QcIDImc0 IS DI lhcm 8 m8llcI D IB0IcIcBCc, Wh8l IS
BDl, hDWcVcI, 8 m8llcI D IB0IcIcBCc IS lh8l lhcII cXQcIIcBCc WhICh IB lcImS D
IlS I0c8 IS IBW8I0 8B0 mulcImIl8lcS lhcm. buCh ImIl8lIDB Ic80S lhc BcXuS D
lhcII mc8BIBg Dul D lhc sinuD lhc 8IlWDIXS 8B0 DDWS lhIS BcXuS ]uSl 8S ImIl8-
lIDB DDWS lhc CuIVcS IB WhICh lhc 8IIWDIX 8QQc8IS. PS 8WS D lhcII ImIl8lIDB
lhc 0IVcIgcBl mc0I8 DB0 lhcII uBIlj, U8l D 8Il. IB 8Bl 0ISCuISIVc XBDWc0gc IS
lD IcBDuBCc lhc IBlcIIDI D lhIBgS, lhcB 8IlWDIXS 8Ic DD]cClS WhDSc lIulh C8BBDl
Dc lhDughl cXCcQl 8S lh8l D lhcII IBlcDDI. 1mIl8lIDB IS lhc Q8lh lh8l c80S lD lhIS
IBlcIIDI.
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Il, Dul jDu WI BDl IcCDgBIZc Il WhcB jDu Scc Il. hc lIulh D 0ISCuISIVc XBDW-
c0gc IS uBShIDu0c0, 8B0 lhuS 0ISCuISIVc XBDWc0gc 0DcS BDl h8Vc Il, lhc XBDW-
c0gc U8l IS 8Il, h8S lIulh, Dul 8S SDmclhIBg IBCDmmcBSuI8Dc WIlh 8Il. hIDugh
lhc Icc0Dm D lhc SuD]cCl IB lhcm, 8IlWDIXS 8Ic cSS SuD]cClIVc lh8B IS 0ISCuISIVc
XBDWc0gc. Ilh uBcHIBg CDmQ8SS, 8Bl SuDDI0IB8lc0 8Il lD 8 CDBCcQl D lcc-
DDgj WhDSc QDSIlIVc 8QQIC8lIDB hc 0I0 BDl CDBCc0c lD cmQIIIC8 uB0cISl8n0IBg.
MDWcVcI, lhc DDCX lh8l 8CCDI0IBg lD 8BlS 0DClIIBc DDSUuClS Ihc IB-IlSc lD
QcDQc, Sh8QcS lh8l IB-IlSc IB 8IIWDIXSIhc 0DCUIBcS QIDQcI 0Dm8IB, IB WhICh
lhcIc IS BD DBgcI lD Dc 8nj 0IcIcBCc DclWccB Wh8l IS IB-IlSc 8B0 Wh8l IS DI-
IlSc8S cBIgm8lIC DguIcS. 1IcCIScj DcC8uSc lhcj 8Ic DDCXc0, 8IlWDIXS 8Ic Im-
8gcS D DIBg-IB-IlSc. \lIm8lcj, Wh8l IVcS DB IB 8IlS cBIgm8lIC8BcSS, lhIDugh
WhICh 8Il mDSl 8DIuQlj DQQDScS lhc uBQucSlIDB8Dc cXISlcBCc D DD]cClS D 8ClIDB,
I8 lhC l8llCt 8 OWn CnIgm8. A bCCOmC8 CnIgm8 bCC8u8C Il 8QQCm8 lO h8VC
SDVc0 Wh8l IS cBIgm8lIC8 IB cXISlcBCc, WhIc lhc cBIgm8 IB lhc mcIcj cXISlIBg
IS DIgDllcB 8S 8 IcSul D IlS DWB DVcIWhcmIBg DSSIDC8lIDB. hc mDIc 0cBScj
QDQc h8Vc SQuB 8 C8lcgDII8 WcD 8IDuB0 Wh8l IS DlhcI lh8B SuD]cClIVc SQIIIl, lhc
mDIc uB08mcBl8j h8Vc lhcj 0IS8CCuSlDmc0 lhcmScVcS lD lhc WDB0cI D lh8l
DUcI 8B0 0cCcIVc0 lhcmScVcS WIlh 8 gIDWIBg 8II8IIlj WIlh Wh8l IS DIcIgB.
P hDQcS lD CDIIcCl lhIS, lhDugh ccDj 8B0 WIlh 8 QuICXj cXh8uSlc0 gcSluIc. P
QIIDII, 8Il C8uScS QcDQc lD WDB0cI, ]uSl 8S 18lD DBCc 0cm8n0c0 lh8l QhIDSDQhj
0D, WhICh, hDWcVcI, 0cCI0c0 DI lhc DQQDSIlc.
hc cBIgm8 D 8IlWDIXS IS lhcII H8CluIc0BcSS. 1 lI8BSCcB0cBCc WcIc QIcScBl IB
lhcm, lhcj WDu0 Dc mjSlcIIcS, BDl cBIgm8S, lhcj 8Ic cBIgm8S DcC8uSc, lhIDugh
lhcII I8CluIc0BcSS, lhcj 0cBj Wh8l lhcj WDu0 8Clu8j IXc lD Dc. LBj IB lhc
IcCcBl Q8Sl~IB 88S 08m8gc0 Q8I8DcSh8S lhc H8CluIc0BcSS D Ml DcCDmc
lhcm8lIC. clIDSQcClIVcj, 8 8IlWDIXS 8Ic SImI8I lD lhDSc QIlIu 8cgDIIcS IB
gI8Vcj8I0S, lhc DIDXcBD Slc8c. h8lcVcI QcIcClIDB lhcj m8j 8j C8Im lD, 8Il-
WDIXS 8Ic DQQc0 D, lh8l Wh8l lhcj mc8B IS BDl lhcII cSScBCc IS cVI0cBl IB lhc 8Cl
lh8l lhcII mc8nIBg 8QQc8IS 8S I Il WcIc DDCXc0. hc 8B8Dgj hcIc lD 8SUDDgIC8
SuQcISlIlIDB, WhICh SImI8Ij 0cQcB0S DB 8 QuIQDIlc0 Ic8lIDBShIQ 8S muCh 8S Il
c8VcS lhIS Ic8lIDBShIQ DDSCuIc, IS lDD IBSISlcBlj DDVIDuS lD Dc 0ISmISSc0 Ighlj.
LNlMA1lLALNL55,1KUHLON1LN1,ML1AlHY5L5 c !2T
PIlS DcmISh IS lh8l Il IS DDuB0 uQ WIlh SuQcISlIlIDB. PIl 8 lDD h8QQIy, M0 III8-
lIDB8y, IcV8ucS lhIS DcmISh 8S 8 mcIIl. hc muCh lDulc0 CDmQcXIly D 8Il IS lhc
8Scy QDSIlIVc B8mc DI IlS cBIgm8lIC8BcSS. hIS cBIgm8lIC8BcSS, hDWcVcI, h8S
8B 8BlI8cSlhclIC 8SQCl, WhICh 8K8 IIIcVDC8Dy uBVcIc0. y lhcII 8IuIc WIlh
IcgM0 lD lhcII DWB ccmcBl D I8lIDB8Ily, 8IlWDIKS lhIc8lcB lD Ic8QSc IBlD mylh,
IDm WhICh lhcy h8Vc DccB QIcCIIDuSy WIcSlc0. PIl IS mc0I8lc0 IB SQIOl~lhc
ccmcBl D I8lIDB8Ily IB U8l Il QID0uCcS IlS cBIgm8S mImclIC8y, ]uSl 8S SQIIIl
0cVIScS cBIgm8S, Dul WIlhDul DcIBg C8Q8Dc D QIDVI0IBg lhc SDulIDB, Il IS IB 8IlS
cBIgm8lIC8BcSS, BDl IB IlS mc8BIBgS, lh8l SQIIIl IS m8BIcSl. B 8Cl, lhc QI8XIS D
ImQDIl8Bl 8IlISlS h8S 8B 8BIly WIlh Uc m8KIBg D QuZZcS, 8S IS cVI0cBl IB lhc
0cIghl l8KcB Dy CDmQDScIS DVcI m8By CcBluIIcS IB cBIgm8lIC C8BDBS. PIlS cBIg-
m8lIC Im8gc IS lhc CDBHguI8lIDB D mImcSIS 8B0 I8lIDB8Ily. hIS cBIgm8lIC8-
BcSS cmcIgc0 Dul D 8 hISlDIIC8 QIDCcSS. PIl IS Wh8l Icm8IBS 8lcI lhc DSS D Wh8l
W8S SuQQDSc0 lD cXcICISc 8 m8gIC8, 8B0 8lcI 8 CulIC, BClIDB. PIlS Why-8B0-
WhcIcDIc~IlS 8ICh8IC I8lIDB8Ily, lD Qul Il Q8I80DXIC8y~W8S DIcIlc0 8B0
lI8BSDImc0 IBlD 8B ccmcBl D IlS DcIBg-IB-IlSc. PIl lhuS DcC8mc 8B cBIgm8, I Il
BD DBgcI cXISlS DI lhc QuIQDSc lh8l Il IBuSc0 WIlh mc8BIBg, lhcB Wh8l IS IlT 1lS
cBIgm8lIC8BcSS gD80S Il lD 8IlICu8lc IlSc Imm8BcBly IB SuCh 8 8ShIDB lh8l Il
8ChIcVcS mc8BIBg Dy DImIBg IlS cmQh8lIC 8DScBCc D mc8BIBg. D lhIS cXlcBl, Uc
cBIgm8lIC8BcSS D 8WDIKS IS BDl 8 lhcIc IS lD lhcm, I8lhcI, cVcIy 8ulhcBlIC
WDIK 8SD SuggcSlS lhc SDulIDB lD IlS uBSDV8Dc cBIgm8.
\lIm8lcy, MlWDIKS 8Ic cBIgm8lIC IB lcImS BDl D lhcII CDmQDSIlIDB Dul D lhcII
lIulh CDBlcBl. hc IB0c8lIg8Dy IcCuDIBg QucSlIDB lh8l cVcIy WDIK IBCIlcS IB WhD-
cVcI lI8VcIScS Il~lhc Yh8l IS Il 8 8DDulT~DcCDmcS S Il lIucT~lhc QucS-
lIDB D lhc 8DSDulc, lD WhICh cVcIy MlWDIK IcSQDB0S Dy WIcSlIBg IlSc Icc HDm
lhc 0ISCuISIVc DIm D 8BSWcI. P l8DDD DB 8By QDSSIDc 8BSWcI IS 8 lh8l 0ISCuI-
SIVc lhDughl C8B DcI. PIl IlSc, WhICh IS lhc mImclIC SUuggc 8g8IBSl lhIS l8DDD,
SccKS lD ImQ8Il |hc 8BSWcI 8B0 ycl, DcIBg BDB]u0gIBg, 0DS BDl ImQMl Il, lhuS 8Il
DcCDmcS 8S cBIgm8lIC 8S lhc lcDDI DDD D lhc QIImDI0I8 WDI0, WhICh, lhDugh Il
mcl8mDQhDScS, 0DcS BDl 0IS8QQc8I, 8 8Il Icm8IBS lhc ScISmDg8m D lh8l lcDDI.
hc Kcy lD 8IlS cBIgm8 IS UISSIBg, ]uSl 8S Il h8S DccB DSl DI lhc WIIlIBgS D m8By
QcDQcS WhD h8Vc QcIIShc0. hc mDSl cXUcmc DIm IB WhICh Uc QucSlIDB QDSc0
Dy lhc cBIgm8lIC8BcSS D 8I| C8B Dc DImu8lc0 IS WhclhcI DI BDl lhcIc IS mc8BIBg.
DI BD MlWDIK IS WIlhDul IlS DWB CDhcIcBCc, hDWcVcI muCh lhIS CDhcIcBCc m8y
Dc lI8BSDImc0 IBlD IlS DWB DQQDSIlc. hIDugh lhc DD]cClIVIly D lhc WDIK, lhIS
CDhcIcBCc QDSIlS lhc C8Im lD lhc DD]cClIVIly D mc8Bug IB-IlSc. hIS C8Im IS BDl
DBy BDBBcgDlI8Dc, Il IS CDBU8VcBc0 Dy cXQcIIcBCc. 1BIgm8lIC8BcSS QccIS Dul D
cVcIy 8WDIK WIlh 8 0IcIcBl 8Cc Dul 8S I Uc 8BSWcI lh8l Il IcQuIIcS IKc lh8l
D lhc SQhIBX ~WcIc 8W8yS lhc S8mc, 8lhDugh DBy Dy W8y D lhc 0IVcISIly, BDl
lhc uBIly lh8l lhc cBIgm8, lhDugh QcIh8QS 0cCcQlIVcy, QIDmIScS. YhcUcI lhc
QIDmISc IS 8 0cCcQlIDB ~lh8l IS lhc cBIgm8.
hc Uulh CDBlcBl D 8IlWDIKS IS lhc DD]cClIVc SDulIDB D lhc cBIgm8 QDSc0 Dy
IZ8
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c8Ch 8B0 cVcQ OBc. j 0cm8B0IB_ IlS SOulIOB, lhc cBI_m8 QOIBlS lO IlS lIulh COB-
lcBl. l C8B OBj Dc 8ChIcVc0 Dj QhIOSOQhIC8 IcHcClIOB. hIS 8OBc IS lhc ]uSlIDC8-
lIOB O 8cSlhclICS. PlhOu_h BO 8IlWOIK C8B Dc Ic0uCc0 lO I8lIOB8ISlIC 0clcImIB8-
lIOBS, 8S IS lhc C8Sc WIlh Wh8l 8Il ]u0_cS, c8Ch 8IlWOIK lmOu_h lhc Bcc0IBcSS
ImQICIl IB IlS cBI_m8lIC8BcSS BcVcIlhccSS luHS lOWM0 IBlcIQIclIVc Ic8SOB. PO
mcSS8_c IS lO Dc SQuccZc0 Oul O Hum/et;lhIS IB BO W8j ImQIB_cS OB IlS lIulh COB-
lcBl. h8l _Ic8l 8IlISlS, lhc LOclhc WhO WIOlc 8IIj l8cS BO cSS lh8B cCKcll, W8Bl
BOlhIB_ lO 0O WIlh IBlcIQIcl8lIOBS OBj uB0cISCOIcS lhc 0IcIcBCc O lhc lIulh COB-
lcBl HOm lhc COBSCIOuSBcSS 8B0 lhc IBlcBlIOB O lhc 8ulhOI 8B0 00S SO Dj lhc
SlIcB_lh O lhc 8ulhOI S OWB Sc-COBSCIOuSBcSS. PIlWOIKS, cSQcCI8j lhOSc O lhc
hI_hcSl 0I_BIlj, 8W8Il lhcII IBlcIQIcl8lIOB. hc C8Im lh8l lhcIc IS BOlhIB_ lO IBlcI-
QIcl IB lhcm, lh8l lhcj SImQj cXISl, WOu0 cI8Sc lhc 0cmMC8lIOB IBc DclWccB
8Il 8B0 BOB8Il. 1lIm8lcj, QcIh8QS, cVcB C8IQclS, OH8mcBlS, 8 BOBD_uI8 lhIB_S
OB_IB_j 8W8Il IBlcIQIcl8lIOB. LI8SQIB_ lIulh COBlcBl QOSlu8lcS CIIlIQuc. ^OlhIB_
IS _I8SQc0 WhOSc lIulh OI uBUulh IS BOl _I8SQc0, 8B0 lhIS IS lhc COBCcH O CIIlIQuc.
hc hISlOIIC8 0cVcOQmcBl O WOIKS lhIOu_h CIIlIQuc 8B0 lhc QhIOSOQhIC8 0c-
VcOQmcBl O lhcII lIulh COBlcBl h8Vc 8 IcCIQIOC8 Ic8lIOB. hc lhcOIj O 8Il muSl
BOl SIlu8lc IlSc DcjOB0 Ml Dul muSl I8lhcI cBUuSl IlSc lO IlS 8WS O mOVcmcBl
WhIc IcCO_BIZIB_ lh8l 8IlWOIKS hcImclIC8j Sc8 lhcmScVcS O 8_8IBSl lhc COB-
SCIOuSBcSS O lhcSc 8WS O mOVcmcBl. PIlWOIKS 8Ic cBI_m8lIC IB lh8l lhcj 8Ic lhc
QhjSIO_BOmj O 8B OD]cClIVc SQIIIl lh8l IS BcVcI U8BSQ8IcBl lO IlSc IB lhc mO-
mcBl IB WhICh Il 8QQc8IS. hc 8DSuI0, lhc C8lc_OIj mOSl IcI8ClOIj lO IBlcIQIcl8-
lIOB, IBhcIcS IB lh8l SQIIIl lh8l IS IcQuISIlc lO lhc IBlcIQIcl8lIOB O 8IlWOIKS. Pl lhc
88mC tImC, UC nCCd O 8ttWOtk8 Ot IntCtQtCt8tIOn, thCIt nCCd Ot thC QtOduCtIOn O
lhcII Uulh COBlcBl, IS lhc SlI_m8 O lhcII COBSlIlulIVc IBSuDCIcBCj. PIlWOIKS 0O
BOl 8ChIcVc Wh8l IS OD]cClIVcj SOu_hl IB Ucm. hc ZOBc O IB0clcImIB8Cj Dc-
lWccB lhc uBIc8Ch8Dc 8B0 Wh8l h8S DccB Ic8IZc0 COBSlIlulcS lhcII cBI_m8. hcj
h8Vc lIulh COBlcBl 8B0 lhcj 0O BOl h8Vc Il. OSIlIVc SCIcBCc 8B0 lhc QhIOSOQhj 0c-
IIVc0 IOm Il 0O BOl 8ll8IB Il. l IS BcIlhcI lhc WOIKS 8Clu8 COBlcBl BOI IlS H8_Ic
8B0 Sc-SuSQcB08Dc O_IC8Ilj. POI0cSQIlc lI80IlIOB8 QhIOSOQhjIS 8IlS
Uulh COBlcBl IlS I0c8, cVcB I lh8l I0c8 IS SO DIO80 8S lO IBCu0c lhc U8_IC OI lhc
COBICl DclWccB lhc DBIlc 8B0 lhc IBDBIlc. B0cc0, IB IlS QhIOSOQhIC8 COBSUC-
lIOB SuCh 8B I0c8 IIScS 8DOVc SuD]cClIVc IBlcBlIOB. 3cl, hOWcVcI 8QQIc0, Il Ic-
m8IBS cXlcH8 lO lhc 8IlWOIK 8B0 8DSU8Cl. LVcB I0c8ISm S cmQh8lIC COBCcQl O
lhc I0c8 Icc_8lcS 8IlWOIKS lO cX8mQcS O lhc I0c8 8S IBSl8BCcS O Wh8l IS cVcI-
lhc-S8mc. hIS Q8SScS ScBlcBCc OB lhc Iuc Olhc I0c8 IB 8Il, ]uSl 8S lhIS I0c8 C8B BO
OB_cI hO0 IlS _IOuB0 lO QhIOSOQhIC8 CIIlIQuc. hc COBlcBl [Cehu/t] O 8Il 0OcS
BOl Ic0uCc WIlhOul Icm8IB0cI IBlO lhc I0c8, I8lhcI, lhIS COBlcBl IS lhc cXU8QO8lIOB
O Wh8l IS IIIc0uCIDc, 8mOB_ 8C80cmIC 8cSlhclICI8BS OBj IIc0IICh hcO0OI
NISChcI h80 8B IBKIB_ O UIS. JuSl hOW Illc lhc lIulh COBlcBl COBVcI_cS WIlh lhc
SuD]cClIVc I0c8, WIlh lhc IBlcBlIOB O lhc 8IlISl, IS cVI0cBl lO lhc mOSl Iu0ImcBl8Ij
COBSI0cI8lIOB. hcIc 8Ic 8IlWOIKS IB WhICh lhc 8IlISl DIOu_hl Oul Cc8Ij 8B0 SIm-
LNMATlLALNL55,TKUTHLONTLNT,MLTAPHY5lL5 . l 29
Qj Wh8l hc W8ulc0, 8u0 lhc IcSul, uDlhIug mDIc lh8u 8u Iu0IC8lIDu D Wh8l lhc
8IlISl W8ulc0 lD S8j, IS lhcIcDj Ic0uCc0 lD 8u cuCIQhcIc0 8cgDIj. hc WDIK 0IcS
8S SDDu 8S QhIDDgISlS h8Vc QumQc0 Dul D Il Wh8l lhc 8IlISl QumQc0 Iu, 8 l8ulD-
DgIC8 g8mc WhDSc SChcm8 IS lIuc 8SD D m8uj muSIC8 m8jScS. hc 0IcIcuCc
DclWccu l1ulh 8u0 IulculIDu Iu MlWDIKS DcCDmcS cVI0cul lD CIIUC8 CDuSCIDuSucSS
Whcu lh0 DD]cCl D Uc 8DISlS IulculIDu IS IlSc 8Sc, lhDSc uSu8j clcH8 UuUS
Iu WhICh mjlh SImQj IcIlcI8lcS IlSc. NjlhIC8 IucVIl8DIIlj uSuIQS Uulh. 1uuu-
mcI8Dc 8IlWDIKS SucI IDm lhc 8Cl lh8l lhcj 8j C8Im lD DcIug 8 QIDCcSS D
CDuSl8ul Sc-U8uSDIm8lIDu 8u0 0cVcDQmcul 8u0 jcl SuDSISl 8S 8u 8lcmQDI8 Sc-
QucuCc D Wh8l IS cVcI-lhc-S8mc. 1l IS 8l SuCh QDIulS D I8CluIc lh8l lcChuDDgIC8
CIIlIQuc DCDmcS Uc CIIlIQuc D lhc uuUc 8u0 lhuS 8IcS IlSc WIlh lhc Dlh CDu-
lcul. hcIc 8Ic gDD0 Ic8SDuS lD hD0 lh8l Iu 8IlWDIKS lcChuIC8 8IuIc IS Iu0IC8R0
Dj lhc mcl8QhjSIC8j 8Sc. PIlWDIKS h8Vc uD Uulh WIlhDul 0clcImIu8lc ucg8-
lIDu, 0cVcDQIug lhIS IS lhc l8SK D 8cSlhclICS lD08j. hc Uulh CDulcul D 8IlWDIKS
C8uuDl Dc Immc0I8lcj I0culIDc0. JuSl Il IS KuDWu Duj mc0I8lcj, Il IS mc0I-
8lc0 Iu IlSc. h8l lI8uSCcu0S lhc 8Clu8 Iu lhc 8IlWDIK, IlS SQIDlu8 CDulcul, C8u-
uDl Dc QIuuc0 0DWu lD Wh8l IS Iu0IVI0u8j, ScuSu8j gIVcu Dul IS, I8lhcI, CDuSlI-
lulc0 Dj W8j D lhIS cmQIIIC8 gIVcuucSS. hIS 0cDucS lhc mc0I8lc0ucSS D lhc
Uulh CDulcul. hc SQIIIlu8 CDulcul 0DcS uDl hDVcI 8DDVc lhc WDIKS 8CluIc,
I8lhcI, 8IlWDIKS U8uSCcu0 lhcII 8Clu8Ilj lhIDugh lhcII 8CluIc, lhIDugh lhc CDu-
SISlcuCj D lhcII c8DDI8lIDu. hc DIc8lh lh8l SuIIDuu0S lhcm, lh8l WhICh IS mDSl
8KIu lD lhcII Uulh CDulcul 8u0 IS 8l DuCc 8Clu8 8u0 uDl 8Clu8, IS uu08mcul8j
0ISlIuCl HDm mDD0 Iu Wh8lcVcI W8j 8IlWDIKS DuCc cXQIcSSc0 mDD0, Du lhc CDu-
lI8Ij, Iu lhc IulcIcSl D lhc WDIK S DIc8lh, mDD0 IS CDuSumc0 Dj lhc DImIug
QIDCcSS. 1u 8IlWDIKS, DD]cClIVIlj 8u0 Uulh 8Ic IuScQ8I8Dc. hIDugh lhc DIc8lh D
DD]cClIVIlj 8u0 lIulh WIlhIu lhcmScVcSCDmQDScIS 8Ic 8mII8I WIlh lhc I0c8 D
8 COmQO8lOn 8 "DtC8lh 8tlWOtk8 8QQtO8Ch n8lutC, Dut nOt Dy ml8lOn, WhO8C
SQhcIc cuCDmQ8SScS mDD0. hc mDIc 0ccQj WDIKS 8Ic DImc0, lhc mDIc DDSlI-
u8lc lhcj DcCDmc 8g8IuSl 8uj CDuUIVc0 ScmD8uCc, 8u0 lhIS DDSlIu8Cj IS lhc ucg8-
lIVc 8QQc8I8uCc D lhcII Uulh. Iulh IS 8ulIlhclIC8 lD lhc Qh8ul8Sm8gDIIC8 cc-
mcul D 8IlWDIKS, lhDIDughj DImc0 8IlWDIKS lh8l 8Ic CIIlICIZc0 8S DIm8ISlIC
8Ic lhc mDSl Ic8ISlIC WDIKS IuSD8I 8S lhcj Ic8IZc0 Iu lhcmScVcS 8u0 SDcj
Dj mc8uS D lhIS Ic8IZ8lIDu 8ChIcVc lhcII Uulh CDulcul, Wh8l IS SQIIIlu8 Iu lhcm,
I8lhcI lh8u mcIcj SIguIQIug lhIS CDulcul. MDWcVcI, Il IS uD gu8I8ulcc D lhcII
lIulh lh8l 8IlWDIKS U8uSCcu0 lhcmScVcS lhIDugh lhcII Ic8IZ8lIDu. N8uj WDIKS D
lhc hIghcSl Qu8Ilj 8Ic Uc 8S lhc cXQIcSSIDu D 8 CDuSCIDuSucSS lh8l IS 8Sc Iu
IlSc. hIS IS IcCDguIZc0 Duj Dj lI8uSCcu0cul CIIlICISm, SuCh 8S PIclZSChc S
CIIlIQuc D 8gucI. hc 8IIug D lh8l KIu0 D CIIlIQuc, hDWcVcI, IS uDl Duj lh8l
Il ]u0gcS lhc m8llcI HDm Du hIgh I8lhcI lh8u mc8SuIIug IlSc Dj Il. hIS CIIlICISm
IS 8SD ImQc0c0 Dj 8 u8IIDW-mIu0c0 uDlIDu D lIulh CDulcul, uSu8j 8 CuluI8l
QhIDSDQhIC8 uDlIDu lh8l ucgcClS lhc Imm8uculj hISlDIIC8 ccmcul D 8cSlhclIC
lIulh. hc ScQ8I8lIDu D Wh8l IS Uc Iu IlSc IDm lhc mcIcj 80cQu8lc cXQIcSSIDu
lJ0 | LNMA1LALNL55, 1KU1HLON1LN1, ML1APHY5L5
O 8lSc COBSCIOuSBcSS IS BOl lO Dc m8IBl8IBc0, OI COIIcCl COBSCIOuSBcSS h8S BOl
cXISlc0 lO lhIS 08j, 8B0 BO COBSCIOuSBcSS h8S lhc OHj V8Bl8_c QOIBl IOm WhICh
lhIS ScQ8I8lIOB WOul0 Dc Scl-cVI0cBl. hc COmQlclc QIcScBl8lIOB O 8lSc COB-
SCIOuSBcSS IS Wh8l B8mcS Il 8B0 IS IlSc IIulh COBlcBl. l IS OI lhIS Ic8SOB lh8l
WOIKS uBO0 BOl OBlj lhIOu_h IBlcIQIcl8lIOB 8B0 CIIlIguc Dul 8lSO lDIOu_h lhcII
IcSCuc, WhICh 8ImS 8l lhc lIulh O 8lSc COBSCIOuSBcSS IB lhc 8cSlhclIC 8QQc8I8BCc.
LIc8l 8IlWOIKS 8Ic uB8Dlc lO Ic. VcB WhcB lhcII COBlcBl IS ScmDl8BCc, IBSO8I 8S
lhIS COBlcBl IS BcCcSS8Ij ScmD8BCc lhc COBlcBl h8S lIulh, lO WhICh lhc 8IlWOIKS
lcSlIj, OBlj 8Ilc0 WOIKS 8Ic uBlIuc. j IccB8ClIB_ lhc SQcl O Ic8Ilj, Dj SuDlI-
m8lIB_ Il 8S 8B Im8_c, 8Il 8l lhc S8mc lImc IDcI8lcS IlScl IOm Il, SuDlIm8lIOB 8B0
Hcc0Om mulu8llj 8CCOI0. hc SQcll WIlh WhICh 8Il lhIOu_h IlS uBIlj cBCOmQ8SScS
lhc membmdis]ectuO Ic8lIlj IS DOIIOWc0 IOm Ic8lIlj 8B0 lI8BSOImS 8Il IBlO lhc
Bc_8lIVc 8QQc8I8BCc O ulOQI8. h8l Dj VIIluc O lhcII OI_8BIZ8lIOB 8IlWOIKS 8Ic
mOIc BOl OBlj 8S Wh8l IS OI_8BIZc0 Dul 8SO 8S lhc QIIBCIQlc O OI_8BIZ8lIOB OI
8S Wh8l IS OI_8BIZc0 lhcj ODl8IB lhc ScmDl8BCc O DcIB_ BOB8IlI8Clu8l0clcImIBcS
lhcm 8S SQIIIlu8l. hIS 0clcImIB8lIOB, WhcB IcCO_BIZc0, DcCOmcS COBlcBl. l IS
cXQIcSSc0 Dj lhc MWOIK BOl OBlj lhIOu_h IlS OI_8BIZ8lIOB Dul cgu8llj lhIOu_h IlS
0ISIuQlIOB, WhICh OI_8BIZ8lIOB ImQlIcS. hIS lhIOWS lI_hl OB lhc COBlcmQOI8Ij
QIc0IlcClIOB OI lhc Sh8DDj 8B0 hllhj 8S Wcll 8S OB lhc 8lcI_j lO SQlcB0OI 8B0
Su8VcBcSS. 1B0cIljIB_ lhIS IS lhc COBSCIOuSBcSS O lhc SOI0I0 8SQcClS O CulluIc
hI00cB DcBc8lh IlS huSK O Scl-COBlcBlmcBl. P lh8l OISWc8IS lhc h8QQj DIIl-
I8BCc lh8l Ic8lIlj WIlhhOl0S IOm mcB 8B0 WOmcB 8B0 lhuS IcuScS cVcIj ScBSu8l
lI8Cc O mc8BIB_, IS SQIIIlu8lIZc0 ml, Il IS, IB IlS uBIclcBlIB_ IcBuBCI8lIOB O ChIl0-
ISh h8QQIBcSS, Uc 8c_OIj O lhc IlluSIOBlcSS 8Clu8lIlj O h8QQIBcSS WhIc Dc8IIB_
lhc 8l8 QIOVISO O lhc ChImcIIC8l lh8l lhIS h8QQIBcSS 0OcS BOl cXISl.
hIlOSOQhj 8B0 8Il COBVcI_c IB lhcII Ulh COBlcBl. hc QIO_IcSSIVc Scl-uBOl0IB_
lIulh O lhc 8IlWOIK IS BOBc OlhcI lh8B lhc lIulh O lhc QhIOSOQhIC8l COBCcQl. Ilh
_OO0 Ic8SOB, I0c8lISm hISlOIIC8lljIB bChcllIB_0cIIVc0 IlS OWB COBCcQl O Uulh
IOm 8Il. hc ClOSc0 jcl IBlcD8llj 0jB8mIC lOl8lIlj O I0c8lISl SjSlcmS W8S Ic80
Oul O 8IlWOIKS. MOWcVcI, DcC8uSc QhIlOSOQhj Dc8IS uQOB Ic8lIlj 8B0 IB IlS WOIKS
IS BOl 8ul8IChIC8llj OI_8BIZc0 lO Ihc S8mc 0c_Icc 8S 8D 8IlWOIKS, lhc ClO8Kc0 8cS-
lhclIC I0c8 O SjSlcmS BcCcSS8IIj Sh8llcIc0. hcSc SjSlcmS 8Ic Q8I0 D8CK IB lhcII
OWB COIB WIlh lhc I_BOmIBIOuS QI8ISc U8l lhcj 8Ic QhIlOSOQhIC8l 8IlWOIKS. hc
m8BIcSl uBUlh O I0c8lISm, hOWcVcI, h8S IcUOSQcClIVclj COmQIOmISc0 8IlWOIKS.
h8l IB SQIlc O lhcII 8ul8IChj 8B0 Dj mc8BS O Il lhcj SccK lhcII OlhcI, Wh8l IS
cXIcD8l lO lhcII SQcll, 0IIVcS lhc 8IlWOIK DcjOB0 lhc I0cBlIlj WIlh IlScl Dj WhICh
Il IS uB08mcBl8llj 0clcImIBc0. hc 0ISIuQlIOB O IlS 8ulOBOmj W8S BOl 8 8lcul
0cClIBc. 8lhcI, Il DcC8mc 8Il S ODlI_8lIOB IB lhc 8lcIm8lh O lhc VcI0ICl OVcI lh8l
IB WhICh QhIlOSOQhj W8S 8l lOO muCh lIKc 8Il. hc Uulh COBlcBl O 8IIWOIKS IS BOl
Wh8l lhcj mc8B Dul I8lhcI Wh8l 0cCI0cS WhclhcI lhc WOIK IB IlSc IS Uuc OI 8lSc,
8B0 OBlj lhIS lIulh O lhc WOIK IB-IlScl IS COmmcBSuI8Dlc lO QhIOSOQhIC8l IBlcI-
QIcl8lIOB 8B0 COIBCI0cS~WIlh Ic_8I0 lO lhc I0c8, IB 8Bj C8ScWIlh lhc I0c8 O
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uumcCI8lcC, lhc cSl8DlIShmcul O lhIS Ic8lIOu lO 8Il ODVIOuSj QOScS lhc gIc8lcSl
CIDCulIcS, jcl WIlhOul lhIS Ic8lIOu 8IlS lIulh COulcul Icm8IuS Iu8CCcSSIDc. PcS-
lhclIC cXQcIIcuCc IS uOl gcuuIuc cXQcIIcuCc uulcSS Il DcCOmcS QhIlOSOQhj. hc
COuCIlIOu OI lhc QOSSIDIlIlj lh8l QhIlOSOQhj 8uC 8Il COuVcIgc IS lO Dc SOughl Iu lhc
clcmcul O uuIVcIS8Ilj lh8l 8Il QOSScSScS lhIOugh IlS SQcCIDC8lIOu 8S l8ugu8gc SuI
gcucIIS. hIS uuIVcIS8lIlj IS COcClIVc ]uSl 8S QhIlOSOQhIC8l uuIVcIS8Ilj, OI WhICh
lhc lImSCcuCcul8l SuD]cCl W8S OuCc Uc SIguum, QOIulS D8CK lO lhc COllcClIVc SuD-
]cCl. MOWcVcI, Iu 8cSlhclIC Im8gcS QIcCISclj U8l IS COlcClIVc lh8l WIlhCI8WS HOm
lhc . bOCIclj IuhcIcS Iu lhc lIulh COulcul. hc 8QQc8IIug, WhcIcDj lhc 8IlWOIK 8I
SuIQ8SScS lhc mcIc SuD]cCl, IS lhc cIuQlIOu O lhc SuD]cCl S COcClIVc cSScuCc. hc
U8Cc O mcmOIj Iu mImcSIS, WhICh cVcIj 8IlWOIK SccKS, IS SImul8ucOuSlj 8W8jS
lhc 8ulICIQ8lIOu O 8 COuCIlIOu DcjOuC lhc CIIcmQlIOu O lhc IuCIVICu8 8uC lhc
COcClIVc. hIS COllcClIVc IcmcmDI8uCc Iu 8IlWOIKS IS, hOWcVcI, uOl p IOm
lhc SuD]cCl Dul I8lhcI lmcS Ql8Cc Dj W8j O Uc SuD]cCl, Iu lhc SuD]cCl S ICIOSju-
CI8lIC ImQulSc lhc COllcClIVc OIm O Ic8ClIOu DcCOmcS m8uIcSl. OI lhIS Ic8SOu,
lOO, lhc QhIOSOQhIC8l IulcIQIcl8lIOu O lhc Uulh CDulcul muSl uuSWcIVIugj COu-
SUc U8l lIulh COulcul Iu lhc Q8IlICul8I. j VIIluc O lhIS COulcul S SuD]cClIVclj
mImclIC cXQIcSSIVc clcmcul, 8IlWOIKS g8Iu lhcII OD]cClIVIlj, lhcj 8Ic ucIlhcI QuIc
ImQulSc uOI IlS OIm, Dul I8lhcI lhc COugc8lcC QIOCcSS U8l lI8uSQIIcS DclWccu
lhcm, 8uC lhIS QIOCcSS IS SOCI8.
OC8j lhc mcl8QhjSICS O 8Il IcVOlVcS 8IOuuC lhc QucSlIOu O hOW SOmclhIug SQIII-
lu8l lh8l IS m8Cc, Iu QhIOSOQhIC8l lcImS SOmclhIug mcIclj QOSIlcC, C8u Dc Uuc.
hc ISSuc IS uOl lhc ImmcCI8lclj cXISlIug 8IlWOIK Dul IlS COulcul [Ceh/t] . hc
QucSlIOu O lhc lIulh O SOmclhIug m8Cc IS IuCccC uOuc OlhcI lh8u lhc QucSlIOu O
ScmDl8uCc 8uC lhc IcSCuc O ScmDl8uCc lhc ScmDl8uCc O lhc lIuc. Iulh COulcul
C8uuOl Dc SOmclhIug m8Cc. LVcIy 8Cl O m8KIug Iu 8Il IS 8 SIugul8I cOIl lO S8y
Wh8l lhc 8IlI8Cl IlScl IS uOl 8uC Wh8l Il COcS uOl KuOW. QIcCIScj lhIS IS 8IlS
SQIIIl. hIS IS lhc lOCuS O lhc ICc8 O 8Il 8S lhc ICc8 O lhc IcSlOI8lIOu O u8luIc lh8l
h8S Dccu IcQIcSScC 8uC CI8Wu IulO lhc Cju8mIC O hISlOQ. 8luIc, lO WhOSc
Im8gO 8Il IS CcVOlcC, COcS uOl jcl Iu 8uj W8j cXISl, Wh8l IS lIuc Iu ml IS SOmclhIug
uOucXISlcul. h8l COcS uOl cXISl DcCOmcS IuCumDcul Ou 8Il Iu lh8l OlhcI OI WhICh
ICculIlj-QOSIlIug Ic8SOu, WhICh IcCuCcC Il lO m8lcII8, uScS lhc WOIC u8luIc. hIS
OlhcI IS uOl COuCcQl 8uC uuIlj, Dul I8lhcI 8 mulIQlICIlj. huS Uulh COulcul QIc-
SculS IlScl Iu 8Il 8S 8 mullIQlICIlj, uOl 8S lhc COuCcQl lh8l 8DSlI8Clj SuDOICIu8lcS
8IlWOIKS. hc DOuC O lhc lIulD COulcul O 8Il lO IlS WOIKS 8uC lhc mullIQICIlj O
Wh8l SuIQ8SScS ICculIDC8lIOu 8CCOIC. L 8l lhc Q8I8COXcS O 8H, uO COuDl lhc
IuucImOSl Ouc IS lh8l Oulj lhIOugh m8KIug, lhIOugh lhc QIOCuClIOu O Q8IlICulm
WOIKS SQcCIDC8llj 8uC COmQlclclj OImcC Iu lhcmSclVcS, 8uC ucVcI lhIOugh 8uj
ImmcCI8lc VISIOu, COcS 8Il 8ChIcVc Wh8l IS uOl m8Cc, lhc lIulh. PIlWOIKS Sl8uC Iu
lDc mOSl cXUcmc lcuSIOu lO lhcII lIulh COulcul. PllhOugh lhIS Uulh COulcul, COu-
CcQlcSS, 8QQc8IS uOWhcIc clSc lh8u Iu Wh8l IS m8Cc, Il ucg8lcS lhc m8Cc. L8Ch 8Il-
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IHccV8uCc, SOmclhIug lh8l IS gI8ulc0 cXCuSIVcj lO lhc gIc8lcSl 8IlWOIXS. hc
hISlOIIC8 QcISQcClIVc lh8l cuVISIOuS lhc cu0 O 8Il IS cVcIj WOIX S I0c8. hcIc IS
uO 8IlWOIX lh8l 0OcS uOl QIOmISc lh8l IlS lIulh COulcul, lO lhc cXlcul lh8l Il 8QQc8IS
Iu lhc 8IlWOIX 8S SOmclhIug cXISlIug, Ic8IZcS IlSc 8u0 c8VcS lhc 8IlWOIX DchIu0
SImQj 8S 8 huSX, 8S NIguOuS QIO0IgIOuS VcISc QIOQhcSIcS. hc Sc8 O 8ulhculIC
8tlWOIXS IS lh8l Wh8l lhcj 8QQc8I lO Dc 8QQc8IS 8S I Il COu0 uOl Dc QIcV8IIC8lc0,
cVcu lhOugh 0ISCuISIVc ]u0gmcul IS uu8Dc lO 0cDuc Il. 1 hOWcVcI Il IS Iu0cc0 lhc
lIulh, lhcu 8Oug WIlh lhc ScmD8uCc lIulh 8DOIShcS lhc 8IlWOIX. hc 0cDuIlIOu O
8Il IS uOl Hj cuCOmQ8SSc0 Dj 8cSlhclIC ScmD8uCc. P h8S lIulh 8S lhc Scm-
D8uCc O lhc IuSIOucSS. hc cXQcIIcuCc O 8IlWOIXS h8S 8S IlS V8uIShIug QOIul
lhc IcCOguIlIOu lh8l IlS Uulh COulcul IS uOl uu, cVcIj 8IlWOIX, 8u0 mOS! O
8 WOIXS O 8DSOulc ucg8lIVIlj, mulcj S8j. ncnccn]ndur.PIlWOIXS WOu0 Dc
QOWcIcSS I lhcj WcIc uO mOIc lh8u OugIug, lhOugh lhcIc IS uO V8I0 8tlWOIX
WIlhOul OugIug. h8l Dj WhICh lhcj lI8uSCcu0 OugIug, hOWcVcI, IS lhc ucc0IucSS
IuSCIIDc0 8S 8 DguIc Iu lhc hISlOIIC8j cXISlIug. j IclI8CIug lhIS DguIc, lhcj 8Ic
uOl Ouj mOIc lh8u Wh8l SImQj cXISlS Dul Q8IlICIQ8lc Iu OD]cClIVc Uulh lO lhc
cXlcul lh8l Wh8l IS Iu ucc0 SummOuS IlS uDmcul 8u0 Ch8ugc. Ol OI-IlSc, WIlh
Icgm0 lO COuSCIOuSucSS, Dul Iu-IlSc, Wh8l IS W8ulS lhc OUcI, lhc 8WOIX IS Uc
8ugu8gc O lhIS W8ulIug, 8u0 lhc 8IlWOIXS COulcul [Cehu/t] IS 8S SuDSl8ulI8 8S
lhIS W8ulIug. hc ccmculS O lhIS OlhcI 8Ic QIcScul Iu Ic8Ilj 8u0 lhcj IcQuIIc Ouj
lhc mOSl mIuulc 0ISQ8Ccmcul IulO 8 ucW COuSlc8lIOu lO Du0 lhcII IIghl QOSIlIOu.
8lhcI lh8u ImIl8lIug Ic8Ilj, 8IlWOIXS 0cmOuSlI8lc lhIS 0ISQ8Ccmcul lO Ic8Ilj.
LlIm8lcj, lhc 0OCUIuc O ImIl8lIOu ShOu0 Dc IcVcISc0, Iu 8 SuDIm8lc0 ScuSc, Ic-
8Ilj ShOu0 ImIl8lc Uc 8UWOIXS. MOWcVcI, lhc 8Cl lh8l 8IlWOIXS cXISl SIgu8S lhc
QOSSIDIIlj O lhc uOucXISlIug. hc Ic8Ilj O 8IlWOIXS lcSlIDcS lO lhc QOSSIDIIlj O
lhc QOSSIDc. hc OD]cCl O mlS OugIug, lhc Ic8Ilj O Wh8l IS uOl, IS mcl8mOI-
QhOSc0 Iu 8Il 8S IcmcmDI8uCc. u IcmcmDI8uCc Wh8l IS Qu8 Wh8l W8S COmDIucS
WIlh lhc uOucXISlIug DcC8uSc Wh8l W8S uO OugcI IS. VcI SIuCc 8lOS 0OClIIuc O
8u8mucSIS lhc uOl-jcl-cXISlIug h8S Dccu 0Ic8mc0 O Iu IcmcmDI8uCc, WhICh 8Ouc
COuCIclIZcS ulOQI8 WIlhOul DclI8jIug Il lO cXISlcuCc. cmcmDI8uCc Icm8IuS DOuu0
uQ WIlh ScmD8uCc. OI cVcu Iu lhc Q8Sl lhc 0Ic8m W8S uOl Ic8Ilj. 3cl 8IlS Im8gO
IS QIcCIScj Wh8l, 8CCOI0Iug lO cIgSOuS 8u0 IOuSl S lhcSIS, SccXS lO 8W8Xcu Iu-
VOuul8tj IcmcmDI8uCc Iu lhc cmQIIIC8, 8 lhcSIS U8l QIOVcS lhcm lO Dc gcuuIuc
I0c8ISlS. hcj 8llIIDulc lO Ic8Ilj Wh8l lhcj W8ul lO S8Vc M0 Wh8l IuhcIcS Iu 8Il
Ouj 8l lhc QIICc O IlS Ic8Ilj. hcj SccX lO cSC8Q lhc CuISc O 8cSlhclIC Scm-
D8uCc Dj 0ISQ8CIug IlS Qu8Ilj lO Ic8Ilj. hc ncn ccq[ndur O 8IlWOIXS
m8IXS lhc DOuu08Ij O lhcII ucg8lIVIlj, COmQ8I8Dc lO lhc DOuu08Ij m8IXc0 Oul Iu
lhc uOVcS O lhc N8IQuIS 0c b80c WhcIc hc h8S uO OlhcI IcCOuISc lh8u lO C8 lhc
mOSl Dc8ulIH itcnsdatub/eua"beuaxccmmedesunes. "Pl lhIS SummIl O 8Il,
WhcIc IlS Uulh lI8uSCcu0S ScmD8uCc, Il IS mOSl mOIl8j cXQOSc0. LuIXc 8uj-
lhIug hum8u, 8Il 8jS C8Im lO DcIug uu8Dc lO Ic, 8u0 lhuS Il IS COmQcc0 lO Ic.
LNLmA1LALNLbb, 1KLHLLN1LN1, mL1AHYbLb | !33
PIl 0DcS uDl h8Vc Il Iu IlS QDWcI lD 0cCI0c DVcI lhc QDSSIDIIly lh8l cVcIylhIu_ m8y
Iu0cc0 uDl CDmc lD 8uylhIu_ mDIc lh8u uDlhIu_, Il h8S IlS DClIVcucSS Iu lhc 8SScI-
lIDu ImQICIl Iu IlS cXISlcuCc lh8l Il h8S _Duc DcyDu0 lhc ImIl. hc U0lh CDulcul D
8IlWDIKS, 8S lhc uc_8lIDu D lhcII cXISlcuCc, IS mc0I8lc0 Dy IDcm lD0_h lhcy 0D
uDl Iu 8uy W8y CDmm0uIC8lc Il. h8l Dy WhICh U0lh CDulcul IS mDIc lh8u Wh8l IS
QDSIlc0 Dy 8IIWDIKS IS lhcII mcIhcXIS Iu hISlDIy 8u0 Uc 0clcIHIu8lc CIIlIQ0c Ih8l
Ihcy cXcICISc lhID0_h lhcII DIm. MISlDIy Iu 8IIWDIKS IS uDl SDmclhIu_ m80c, 8u0
hISlDIy 8Duc IccS lhc WDIK HDm DcIu_ mcIcy SDmclhIu_ QDSIlc0 DI m8u08C-
l0Ic0. Hlh CDulcul IS uDl cXlcD8 lD hISlDIy D0l I8lhcI IlS CIySl8IZ8lIDu Iu lhc
WDIKS. hcII 0uQDSIlc0 U0lh CDulcul IS lhcII u8mc.
u 8IlWDIKS Uc u8mc IS, hDWcVcI, SUICly uc_8lIVc. PIlWDIKS S8y Wh8l IS mDIc
lh8u lhc cXISlIu_, 8u0 lhcy 0D lhIS cXC0SIVcy Dy m8KIu_ 8 CDuSlc8lIDu D hDW Il
IS, LDmmcul CcSl.

hc mcl8QhySICS D 8Il IcQ0IIcS IlS CDmQclc ScQ8I8lIDu
IDm lDc HI_IDu Iu WhICh Ml DII_Iu8lc0. PIlWDIKS 8Ic uDl lhc 8DSD0lc, uDI IS lhc
8DSD0lc IHmc0I8lcy QIcScul Iu lhcm. tDI lDcII mclhcXIS Iu lhc 8DSD0lc lhcy Mc
Q0uIShc0 WIlh 8 DIu0ucSS Ih8l Iu lDc S8mc IuSlMl DDSC0IcS lhcII 8u_u8_c, WhICh
IS 8 8u_08_c D Dlh. PIlWDIKS h8Vc lhc 8DSD0lc M0 lcy 0D uDl h8Vc Il. u lhcII
mDVcmcul lDWM0 lHlh MlWDIKS 8Ic Iu ucc0 D lh8l CDuCcQl lh8l DI lhc SMc D
lDcII U0lh lhcy KccQ 8l 8 0ISl8uCc. l IS uDl 0Q lD 8Il lD 0cCI0c WhclhcI IlS uc_8lIV-
Ily IS IlS ImIl DI U0lh. PIlWDIKS 8 QIIDII uc_8lIVc Dy lhc 8W D lhcII DD]cCHV8-
lIDu hcy KI Wh8l l)cy DD]cClIy Dy lc8IIu_ Il 8W8y HDm lhc IHmc0I8Cy D IlS
Ic. hcII DWu Ic QIcyS Du 0c8lD. IS 0cDucS lhc Q08Il8lIVc lhIcShD0 lD mD0-
cD 8Il. ND0cD WDIKS IcIuQ0ISh lhcmScVcS HImclIC8y lD HIDC8lIDu, lhcII QIIu-
CIQc D 0c8lh. c cDIl lD cSC8Qc lhIS ccmcul IS 8IIS I0SDQ ccmcul WhICh,
SIuCc 800c8IIc, 8H h8S W80lc0 lD 0ISC8I0 WIlD0l IcSI_uIu_ IlSc lD lhc Sl8l0S D
8 lhIu_ 8mDu_ lhIu_S. hDSc hcI80S D mD0cDSm 800c8IIc 8u0 D WcIc 8S
8IlISlS lhc DISl lcChuDCI8lS D 8Il. IlhD0l lhc 80mIXl0Ic D QDISDu, VIII08y lhc
uc_8lIDu D Ic, lDc DQQDSIlIDu D Ml lD CIVIIZ8lDIy IcQIcSSIDu WD00 8mD0ul lD
uDlDIu_ mDIc lD8u ImQDlcul CDmDIl. SIuCc c8Iy mD0cDISm 8II h8S 8DSDIDc0
8II-8Icu DD]cClS lh8l h8Vc Dccu IcCcIVc0 WIlhD0l DcIu_ Hy U8uSDDc0 Dy IlS
8W D DIm, lhIS h8S c0 HImcSIS Iu 8Il lD C8QlIl08lc~8S Iu mDul8_c~lD IlS 80-
l8_DuISl. PIl W8S CDmQcc0 lD lhIS Dy SDCI8 Ic8Ily. cIc8S 8Il DQQDScS SDCIcly,
Il IS ucVcIlhccSS 0u8Dc lD l8Kc 0Q 8 QDSIlIDu DcyDu0 Il, Il 8CIcVcS DQQDSIlIDu
Duy lhID0_h I0culIDC8lIDu WIlh U8l 8_8IuSl WhICh Il IcmDuSU8lcS. DIS W8S 8-
Ic80y lhc CDulcul [Cehu/tJD 800c8IIcS S8l8uISm, m0Ch mDIc lh8u lhc Q0uCl08
CIIlIQ0c D DD0I_cDIS mDI8Ily WhICh, D0l0Duc Dy Ic8Ily, DC8mc ChI0IShy SIy.
8Il UIc0 0IIcCly lD Ic_ISlcI 8u DD]cClIDu lD lDc _8QcSS WcD, Il WD00 DcCDmc
CDmQclcy cul80_c0, lh0S, 8S DCCuIS Iu S0Ch cXcmQ8Iy 8ShIDu Iu cCKcll S
Emume, 8Il m0Sl cIlhcI cImIu8lc HDm IlSc lhc u8l0Ic WIlh WhICh Il IS CDu-
CcDc0, DI 8ll8CK Il. hc Duy purtipns cl lD Il, lh8l D 0c8lh, IS 8l DuCc CIIlIC8
8u0 mcl8QhySIC8 . PIlWDIKS 0cIIVc HDm lhc WDI0 D lhIu_S Iu lhcII QIDImc0
m8lcII8 8S Iu lDcII lcChuIQ0cS, lhcIc IS uDlhIu_ Iu lhcm lh8l 0I0 uDl 8SD DcDu_ lD

| LN1L%A11LALPLbb, 1KL1HLLP1LN1, %L1AHYbLb

UIS WOI0 8B0 BOlhIB_ lh8l COu0 Dc WIcBChc0 8W8j IOm lhIS WOI0 8l cSS lh8B
lhc QIICc O IlS 0c8lh. LBj Dj lhc SUcB_lh O IlS 0c80IBcSS 0O 8IlWOIKS Q8IlICIQ8lc
IB IcCOBCII8lIOB. ul IB lhIS lhcj 8l lhc S8mc lImc Icm8IB ODc0IcBl lO mjlh. hIS
IS Wh8l IS L_jQlI8B IB c8Ch. j W8BlIB_ lO _IVc QcD8BcBCc lO lhc lI8BSIlOIjlO
IcDj W8BlIB_ lO S8Vc Il IOm 0c8lh, lhc WOIKS KI Il. Ilh _OO0 Ic8SOB lhc
QOWcI O 8IlWOIKS lO IcCOBCIc IS SOu_hl IB lhcII uBIlj, IB lhc 8Cl lh8l, IB 8CCOI0
WIlh lhc 8BCIcBl lOQOS, lhcj hc8 lhc WOuB0 WIlh lhc SQc8I lh8l IBDIClc0 Il. Hc8SOB,
WhICh IB 8IlWOIKS ccClS uBIlj cVcB WhcIc Il IBlcB0S 0ISIBlc_I8lIOB, 8ChIcVcS 8
CcIl8IB _uIlcSSBcSS Dj IcBOuBCIB_ IBlcIVcBlIOB IB Ic8Ilj, Ic8 0OmIB8lIOB, jcl
cVcB IB lhc _Ic8lcSl WOIKS O 8cSlhclIC uBIlj lhc cChO O SOCI8 VIOcBCc IS lO Dc
hc8I0, IB0cc0, lhIOu_h lhc IcBuBCI8lIOB O 0OmIB8lIOB SQIIIl 8SO IBCuIS _uIl. hc
8Cl lh8l DIB0S 8B0 DX8lcS lhc mImclIC 8B0 0IuSc IB lhc 8IlWOIK BOl OBj 0OcS
h8Im lO 8mOIQhOuS B8luIc. hc 8cSlhclIC Im8_c IS 8 QIOlcSl 8_8IBSl B8luIc S c8I
lh8l Il WI 0ISSIQ8lc IBlO lhc Ch8OlIC. hc 8cSlhclIC uBIlj O lhc mulIQICIlOuS 8Q-
Qc8IS 8S lhOu_h Il h80 0OBc BO VIOcBCc Dul h80 DccB ChOScB Dj lhc mulIQICIlOuS
IlSc. l IS lhuS lh8l uBIljlO08j 8S Ic8 8S W8S cVcI lhc 0IIcmQlIOBCIOSScS OVcI
IBlO IcCOBCII8lIOB. B 8IlWOIKS lhc 0cSUClIVc QOWcI O mjlh IS mOIDc0 lhIOu_h
lhc QMlICu8IIZ8lIOB O lhc IcQclIlIOB lh8l mjlh cXcICIScS IB cmQIIIC8 Ic8Ilj, IcQc-
UlIOB lh8l lhc 8IlWOIK SummOBS IBlO Q8IlICu8IIZ8lIOB 8l lhc COScSl QIOXImIlj. B
8IlWOIKS, SQIIIl IS BO OB_cI lhc O0 cBcmj O B8luIc. PSSu8_c0, SQIIIl IcCOBCIcS.
P IS BOl IcCOBCII8lIOB IB lhc C8SSICISlIC ScBSc. HcCOBCII8lIOB IS lhc COmQOIl-
mcBl O MlWOIKS Dj WhICh lhcj DcCOmc COBSCIOuS O lhc BOBI0cBlIC8 . bQIIIl 0OcS
BOl I0cBlIj lhc BOBI0cBlIC8 l I0cBlIDcS WIlh Il. j QuISuIB_ IlS OWB I0cBlIlj
WIlh Il8Cl, 888ImIl8lC8 Il8C WIlh thC nOnIdCnlIC8. hI8 I8 lhC COnlCmQOt8ty
Sl8_c O 0cVcOQmcBl O 8Il S mImclIC cSScBCc. D8j, IcCOBCII8lIOB 8S lhc COm-
QOIlmcBl O lhc 8HWOIK IS cVIBCc0 QIcCIScj lhcIc WhcIc M COuBlcIm8B0S lhc
I0c8 O IcCOBCII8lIOB IB WOIKS WhOSc OD 0ICl8lcS IBlI8BSI_cBCc. Xcl cVcB SuCh
IIIcCOBCI8Dc IcCOBCII8lIOB lhIOu_h OD IS QIc0IC8lc0 OB lhc uBIc8Ilj O Ml.
hIS uBIc8Ilj lhIc8lcBS 8Il QcIm8BcBlj WIlh I0cOO_j. P, hOWcVcI, 0OcS BOl
SIBK lO Uc cVc O I0cOO_j, BOI IS I0cOO_j lhc VcI0ICl lh8l WOu0 D8B c8Ch 8B0
cVcIj MlWOIK HOm lIulh. LB lhc D8SIS O lhcII lIulh, O lhc IcCOBCII8lIOB lh8l cm-
QIIIC8 Ic8Ilj SQuDS, Ml IS COmQICIlOuS WIlh I0cOO_j IB lh8l Il cI_BS lhc 8Clu8
cXISlcBCc O IcCOBCII8lIOB. j lhcII OWB 8QIIOII, OI, I OBc WI, 8CCOI0IB_ lO lhcII
I0c8, 8IlWOIKS DcCOmc cBl8B_c0 IB Uc BcXuS O _uIl. hcIc8S c8Ch 8IlWOIK lh8l
SuCCcc0S lI8BSCcB0S lhIS BcXuS, c8Ch muSl 8lOBc OI lhIS lI8BSCcB0cBCc, 8B0 lhcIc-
OIc IlS 8B_u8_c SccKS lO WIlh0I8W IBlO SIcBCc. PB 8IlWOIK IS, 8S cCKcll WIOlc,
udesecmticnc/si/ence.
P 0cSIIcS Wh8l h8S BOl jcl DccB, lhOu_h cVcIjlhIB_ lh8l 8Il IS h8S 8Ic80j DccB. l
C8BBOl cSC8Qc lhc Sh80OW O lhc Q8Sl. ul Wh8l h8S BOl jcl DccB IS lhc COBCIclc.
OmIB8ISm IS QcIh8QS mOSl 0ccQj 8lIc0 WIlh I0cOO_j IB lh8l Il l8KcS COBCIclIOB
8S 8 _IVcB lh8l IS IBCOBlcSl8Dj 8V8I8Dc, Il lhuS 0cCcIVcS IlSc 8B0 hum8BIlj Dj
ImQjIB_ lh8l lhc COuISc O lhc WOI0 IBlcIcIcS WIlh lhc Qc8Ccu 0clcDIB8Cj O
LNMA1LALNL55,TKUTHLONTLNT,MLTAPHY5L5 . ! 35
lhc cXISlIug, 8 0clcDIu8Cj lh8l IS SImQj uSuIQc0 Dj lhc COuCcQl O lhc gIVcu 8u0
SmIllcu WIlh 8DSU8ClucSS. LVcu Dj 8IlWOIKS lhc COuCIclc IS SC8ICcj lO Dc u8mc0
OlhcI lh8u ucg8lIVcj. l IS Ouj lhIOugh lhc uOuHugIDIIlj O IlS OWu cXISlcuCc
8u0 uOl lhIOugh 8uj SQcCI8 COulcul [Inhu/tJ U8l lhc 8IlWOIK SuSQcu0S cmQIIIC8
Ic8Ilj 8S 8u 8DSlI8Cl m0 uuIVcIS8 uuClIOu8 ucXuS. L8Ch 8IlWOIK IS ulOQI8 IuSO
8I 8S lhIOugh IlS OIm Il 8ulICIQ8lcS Wh8l WOu0 Du8j Dc IlSc, 8u0 lhIS COu-
VcIgcS WIlh lhc 0cm8B0 OI lhc 8DIOg8lIOu O lhc SQc O Sc-I0culIlj C8Sl Dj lhc
SuD]cCl. O 8IlWOIK Cc0cS lO 8uOlhcI. hIS ]uSlI0cS lhc Iu0ISQcuS8Dc ScuSu8 cc-
mcul O 8IlWOIKS. l DcMS UcII hicetnancIu WhICh, Iu SQIlc O 8 mc0I8lIOu, 8
CcIl8Iu Iu0cQu0cuCc IS m8Iul8Iuc0, u8Vc COuSCIOuSucSS, WhICh 8W8jS CIugS lO
lhIS ccmcul, IS uOl 8lOgclhcI 8Sc COuSCIOuSucSS. hc uOuHugIDIIlj, O COuISc,
l8KcS OVcI lhc HuClIOu O SlIcuglhcuIug lhc DcIc lh8l mc0I8lIOu IS uOl uuIVcIS8.
ul lhc 8IlWOIK muSl 8DSOID cVcu IlS mOSl 8l8 cucmj ~uugIDIIlj, I8lhcI lh8u
HccIug IulO COuCIclIOu, lhc 8IlWOIK muSl QHScul lhIOugh IlS OWu COuCIclIOu Uc
lOl8 ucXuS O 8DSU8ClIOu 8u0 lhcIcDj IcSISl Il. HcQclIlIOu Iu 8ulhculIC ucW 8Il-
WOIKS IS uOl 8W8jS 8u 8CCOmmO08lIOu lO lhc 8ICh8IC COmQuSIOu lOW8I0 IcQclI-
lIOu. N8uj 8IlWOIKS Iu0Ilc lhIS COmQuSIOu 8u0 lhcIcDj l8Kc lhc Q8Il O Wh8l 8I
McIuZ M88g h8S C8c0 lhc uBIcQc8l8Dc, cCKcll S F/uy,WIlh lhc SQuIIOuS IBDuIlj
O IlS IcQIISc, QIcSculS Uc mOSl 8CCOmQIShc0 cX8mQc. hc D8CK 8u0 @cj O
IcCcul 8Il, IlS 8SCclICISm 8g8IuSl COOI, IS Uc ucg8lIVc 8QOlhcOSIS O COOI. Iu lhc
cXlI8OI0Iu8Ij DIOgI8QhIC8 Ch8QlcIS O bcm8 8gcDDS Mrbuck, 8 Sluc0
DII0 O Q8I80IScSOmcUIug ucVcI DcOIc Sccu~CuIcS 8 Q8I8jZc0 ChI0, lhc c~
cCl O lhIS VISIOu O ulOQI8 Icm8IuS VIDI8ul, Dul lO08j uOlhIug COmQ8I8Dc WOu0
Dc QOSSIDc. hc lcucDIOuS h8S DcCOmc lhc QcuIQOlculI8Ij O lh8l ulOQI8. ul Dc-
C8uSc OI 8Il, ulOQI8lhc jcl-lO-cXISl IS 0I8Qc0 Iu D8CK, Il Icm8IuS Iu 8 IlS mc-
0I8lIOuS IcCOcClIOu, IcCOcClIOu O lhc QOSSIDc Iu OQQOSIlIOu lO lhc 8Clu8 lh8l
SuQQIcSScS Il, Il IS lhc Im8gIuMj IcQ8I8lIOu O lhc C8l8SlIOQhc O WOI0 hISlOIj, Il
IS Icc0Om, WhICh uu0cI lhc SQc O ucCcSSIlj 0I0 uOl~8u0 m8j uOl cVcI~COmc
lO Q8SS. PIlS mclhcXIS Iu lhc lcucDIOuS, IlS ucg8lIVIlj, IS ImQICIl Iu IlS lcuSc Ic8-
lIOu lO QcIm8ucul C8l8SlIOQhc. O cXISlIug, 8QQ8IIug 8IlWOIK hO0S 8Bj QOSIlIVc
COulIO OVcI lhc uOucXISlIug. hIS 0ISlIuguIShcS MlWOIKS IOm IcIgIOuS SjmDOS,
WhICh Iu lhcII 8QQc8I8uCc 8j C8Im lO lhc U8uSCcu0cuCc O lhc Immc0I8lcj QH-
Scul. hc uOucXISlIug Iu 8IlWOIKS IS 8 COuSlc8lIOu O lhc cXISlIug. j lhcII ucg8-
lIVIlj, cVcu 8S lOl8 ucg8lIOu, 8IlWOIKS m8Kc 8 QIOmISc, ]uSl 8S lhc gcSluIc WIlh
WhICh u8II8lIVcS OuCc Dcg8u OI lhc IuIlI8 SOuu0 SlIuCK Ou 8 SIl8I QIOmISc0 Wh8l
W8S jcl lO Dc hc8I0, jcl lO Dc Sccu, cVcu I Il W8S lhc mOSl c8ISOmc, 8u0 lhc COVcI
O cVcIj DOOK DclWccu WhICh lhc cjc OScS IlSc Iu lhc lcXl IS H8lc0 lO lhc
QIOmISc O lhc C8mcI8 ODSCuI8. hc Q8I80OX O 8 mO0cD 8Il IS lh8l Il SccKS lO
8ChIcVc lhIS Dj C8SlIug Il 8W8j ]uSl 8S lhc OQcuIug O IOuSlS RechercheIugc-
uIOuSj SIQS IulO lhc DOOK WIlhOul lhc WhIIIIug O lhc C8mcI8 ODSCuI8, lhc QcQ-
ShOW QcISQcClIVc O lhc OmuISCIcul u8II8lOI, IcuOuuCIug lhc m8gIC O lhc 8Cl 8u0
lhcIcDj Ic8IZIug Il Iu lhc Ouj W8j QOSSIDc. PcSlhclIC cXQcIIcuCc IS lh8l O SOmc-
!3 L LOHLKLNLLANUMLANN
lDIug lD8l SQIIIl m8j DuC ucIlDcI Iu lDc WOIC uOI Iu IlSc, Il IS QOSSIDIIlj
QIOmIScC Dj IlS ImQOSSIDIIlj. P IS lDc cVcI DIOKcu QIOmISc O D8QQIucSS.
PlDOugD 8IlWOIKS 8Ic ucIlDcI COuCcQlu8 uOI ]uCgmcul8, lDcj 8Ic OgIC8. 1u
lDcm uOlDIug WOuC Dc cuIgm8lIC I lDcII Imm8ucul OgIC8Ilj CIC uOl 8CCOm-
mOC8lc CISCuISIVc lDOugDl, WDOSc CIIlcII8 lDcj ucVcIlDccSS Icgu8tj CIS8QQOIul.
Dcj mOSl IcScmDc Uc OIm O 8 SjOgISm 8uC IlS QIOlOljQc Iu cmQIIIC8
lDOugDl. D8l Iu lDc lcmQOI8 8IlS Ouc mOmcul IS S8IC lO OOW IOm 8uOlDcI IS
D8ICj mcl8QDOIIC8, lD8l Ouc cVcul IS S8IC lO Dc C8uScC Dj 8uOlDcI 8l lDc VcIj
c8Sl 8OWS lDc cmQIIIC8 C8uS8 Ic8lIOu lO SDImmcI UIOugD. 1l IS uOl Ouj Iu lDc
lcmQOI8 8IlS lD8l Ouc mOmcul IS lO ISSuc HOm 8uOlDcI, lDc VISu8 8IlS D8Vc uO cSS
8 uccC O OgIC8 COuSISlcuCj. Dc ODIg8lIOu O 8IlWOIKS lO DcCOmc Sc-8IKc, lDc
lcuSIOu IulO WDICD lDIS ODIg8lIOu DIIugS lDcm WIU lDc SuDSlI8lum O lDcII Imm8-
ucul COuU8Cl, 8uC ulIm8lcj lDc lI8CIlIOu8 CcSICcI8lum O DOmcOSl8SIS IcQuIIc
lDc QIIuCIQc O OgIC8 COuSISlcuCj. DIS IS lDc I8lIOu8 8SQcCl O 8IlWOIKS. IlD-
Oul IlS Imm8ucul ucCcSSIlj uO WOIK WOuC g8Iu OD]cClIV8lIOu, lDIS ucCcSSIlj IS
8Il S 8ulImImclIC ImQuSc, Ouc DOIIOWcC cXlcD8j, WDICD uuIlcS lDc WOIK 8S 8u
IulcIIOI. Dc OgIC O 8Il, 8 Q8I8COX OI cXU8-8cSlDclIC OgIC, IS 8 SjOgISm WIU-
Oul COuCcQl OI ]uCgmcul. 1l CI8WS COuScQucuCcS IOm QDcuOmcu8 lD8l D8Vc 8-
Ic8Cj Dccu SQIIIlu8j mcCI8lcC 8uC lO lDIS cXlcul m8Cc OgIC8. 1lS OgIC8 QIOCcSS
lI8uSQIIcS Iu 8 SQDcIc WDOSc QIcmIScS 8uC gIVcuS 8Ic cXlI8OgIC8. Dc uuIlj lD8l
8IlWOIKS lDcIcDj 8CDIcVc m8KcS lDcm 8u8OgOuS lO lDc OgIC O cXQcIIcuCc, DOW-
cVcI muCD lDcII lcCDnIC8 QIOCcCuIcS 8nC lDc:t ccmculS 8uC lDc Ic8lIOu clWccu
lDcm m8j CISl8uCc lDcm IOm lDOSc O QI8ClIC8 cmQIIIC8 Ic8Ilj. Dc 8DI8lIOu
WIU m8lDcm8lICS lD8l 8Il cSl8DISDcC Iu lDc 8gc O IlS C8WuIug cm8uCIQ8lIOu 8uC
lD8l lOC8j, Iu lDc 8gc O lDc CISSOulIOu O IlS ICIOmS, OuCc 8g8Iu cmcIgcS 8S QIc-
COmIu8ul, m8tKcC 8IlS cmcIgcul Sc-COuSCIOuSucSS HOm IlS CImcuSIOu OOgIC8
COuSISlcuCj. 1uCccC, Ou lDc D8SIS O IlS OIm8ISm, m8lDcm8lICS IS IlSc 8COuCcQ-
lu8, IlS SIguS Mc uOl SIguS O SOmclDIug, 8uC Il uO mOIc OImu8lcS cXISlculI8
]uCgmculS lD8u COcS 8tl, IlS 8cSlDclIC Qu8Ilj D8S Olcu Dccu uOlcC. L COuISc, 8Il
CcCcIVcS IlSc WDcu, cuCOuI8gcC OI IulImIC8lCC Dj SCIcuCc, Il DjQOSl8lIZcS IlS CI-
mcuSIOu O OgIC8 COuSISlcuCj 8uC CIIcClj cQu8lcS IlS OWu OImS WIlD lDOSc O
m8lDcm8lICS, uuCOuCcDcC lD8l IlS OImS 8Ic 8W8jS OQQOScC lO lDOSc O lDc 8llcI.
blI, Il IS 8IlS OgIC8Ilj lD8l 8mOug IlS QOWcIS COuSlIlulcS Il mOSl cmQD8lIC8j 8S
ScCOuC u8luIc, 8S 8 DcIug SuI gcucIIS. 1l lDW8IlS cVcIj cDOIl lO COmQIcDcuC 8Il-
WOIKS Ou lhc D8SIS O UcII ccCl. j W8j O lhcII OgIC8 CD8t8ClcI, 8tlWOIKS 8Ic
CclcImIucC OD]cClIVcj Iu lDcmScVcS WIlDOul Icg8tC lO lhcII IcCcQlIOu. 3cl lhcII
OgIC8Ilj IS uOl lO Dc l8Kcu /u/enre.DIS IS lDc QOIul O DIclZSCDc S COmcul~
lDOugD 8CmIllcCj Il 8m8lcuIISDj uuCcIcSlIm8lcS lhc OgIC8Ilj O 8Il~U8l Iu 8Il-
WOIKS cVcIjlDIug Ouj 8QQc8IS 8S I Il muSl Dc 8S Il IS 8uC COuC uOl Dc OlDcIWISc.
Dc OgIC O 8IlWOIKS CcmOuSlI8lcS lD8l Il C8uuOl Dc l8Kcu IlcI8j, Iu lD8l Il gI8ulS
LOHLKLNLLANDMLANL L l J7
cVcIy Q8IlICu8I cVcBl 8B0 IcSDulIDB M IBCDmQ8I8Dy gIc8lcI 0cgIcc D 8lIlu0c
U8B DgIC DlhcIWISc 0DcS, Il IS ImQDSSIDc lD IgBDIc lhc CDmQcIBg hIBl D 8 Ic8-
lIDB WIlh lhc DgIC D 0Ic8mS IB WhICh, CDmQ8I8Dy, 8 ccIBg D CDcICIVc DgIC8
CDBSISlcBCy IS DDuB0 uQ WIlh 8B ccmcBl D CDBlIBgcBCy. hIDugh IlS IcUc8l DDm
cmQIIIC8 gD8S, DgIC IB 8Il 8CQuIIcS 8 Sh80DWy Qu8Ily D DcIBg 8l DBCc DIB0IBg
8B0 S8CX. LDgIC IS 8 lhc cSS CDBSU8IBc0 lhc mDIc DDIQucy QIccSl8DIShc0
SlycS QIDVI0c lhc ScmD8BCc D DgIC8Ily 8B0 uBDuI0cB lhc Q8IlICu8I WDIX D lhc
Bcc0 DI IlS mMu8CmIc. hcIc8S DgIC8Ily IucS WIlhDul lhc SIghlcSl mISgIVIBg
IB WDIXS CDmmDBy C8c0 C8SSIC8, lhcy BcVcIIhccSS QIDVI0c ScVcI8, SDmclImcS
8 QclhDI8, D IBlcD8 QDSSIDIIIIcS, ]uSl 8S lhDIDughD8SS muSIC M0 CDmmc0I8
0c 8Ilc 8B0 DUcI QIccSl8DIShc0 DImS QcImIl ImQIDVIS8UDB mDIc ScCuIcy lh8B
0D 8lcI Hy DIg8BIZc0 8B0 IB0IVI0u8IZc0 WDIXS. PlhDugh SuQcIDCI8y lhcSc
IB0IVI0u8IZc0 WDIXS 8Ic cSS DgIC8 8B0 cSS lI8BSQ8IcBly mD0cc0 8CCDI0IBg lD
Qu8SI-CDBCcQlu8 SChcm8l8 8B0 DImu8S, IBlcD8y Ucy 8Ic 8I mDIc ScVcIcy
CDBCcDc0 WIlh DgIC8 CDBSISlcBCy. MDWcVcI, WhIc lhc DgIC8Ily D 8IlWDIXS IB-
lcBSIhcS, WhIc IlS C8ImS DcCDmc cVcI mDIc IlcI8 lD lhc QDIBl D Q8ID0y IB lD-
l8y 0clcImIBc0 WDIXS 0c0uCc0 DDm 8 mIBImum D D8SIC m8lcII8lhc `8S I1 D
IHIS DgIC8Ily IS 8I0 D8Ic. H8l lD08y SccmS 8DSuI0 IB 8Il IS lhc Bcg8lIVc uBClIDB
D uBDII0c0 DgIC8 CDBSISlcBCy. P IS lhuS m80c lD Q8y DI lhc 8Cl lh8l CDBCu-
SIDBS C8BBDl D 0I8WB WIlhDul CDBCcQl M0 ]u0gmcBl.
hIS DguI8lIVc I8lhcI lh8B Ic8 DgIC D 8Il IS 0IDCul lD 0ISlIBguISh Um C8uS8Ily
DcC8uSc IB 8D l0cIc IS BD 0IcIcBCc DclWccB QuIcy DgIC8 DImS 8B0 lhDSc lh8l
8QQy cmQIIIC8y, IB 8Il lhc 8Hh8IC uB0IcIcBlI8lc0BcSS D DgIC 8B0 C8uS8Ily hI-
DcD8lcS. bChDQcB8ucIS principiuindividauticnisspacc,lImc, 8B0 C8uS8Ily
m8Xc 8 ScCDB0, IcHClc0 8QQ8I8BCc IB 8Il, IB lhc SQhcIc D Wh8l IS mDSl IB0IVI0u-
8lc0. hcII 0cI8ClIDB, 8 BcCcSS8Iy ImQIC8lIDB D 8IlS IuSDIIBcSS, cB0DWS 8Il
WIlh IlS 8SQCl D Icc0Dm. l IS lhIDugh lhIS Dcc0Dm, lhIDugh lhc IBlcIVcBUDB D
SQIIIl, lh8l lhc ScQucBCc 8B0 BcXuS D cVcBlS IS cSl8DIShc0. 1B lhc uB0IcIcBlI8lc0-
BcSS D SQIIIl 8B0 DIB0 BcCcSSIly, 8IlS DgIC IS IcmIBISCcBl D lhc SlIICl 8WHBcSS
lh8l gDVcDS lhc SuCCcSSIDB D Ic8 cVcBlS IB hISlDIy. bChDcBDcIg W8S XBDWB lD
SQc D muSIC 8S Uc hISlDIy D lhcmcS. LIu0c uBmc0I8lc0 SQ8Cc, lImc, 8B0
C8uS8Ily BD mDH cXISl IB 8Il lh8B, IB XccQIBg WIlh lhc I0c8ISl QhIDSDQhcm, 8S 8
SQhcIc lDl8y 8Q8II, 8Il cXISlS DcyDB0 lhcII 0clcImIB8lIDBS, lhcy Q8y IBlD 8Il 8S
IDm 8 0ISl8BCc 8B0 IB Il 8Ic Immc0I8lcy U8BSDImc0 IBlD SDmclhIBg DlhcI. huS,
DI cX8mQc, IhcH IS BD mISl8KIBg lImc 8S SuCh m muSIC, ycl Il IS SD IcmDlc DDm
cmQIIIC8 lImc lh8l, WhcB ISlcBIBg IS CDBCcB08lc0, lcmQDI8 cVcBlS cXlcD8 lD
Ihc muSIC8 CDBlIBuum Icm8IB cXlcD8 lD Il 8B0 IB0cc0 SC8ICcy lDuCh Il, I 8 mu-
SICI8B IBlcIIuQlS 8 Q8SS8gc lD IcQc8l Il DI lD QICX Il uQ 8l 8B c8IIcI QDIBl, muSIC8
lImc Icm8IBS IB0IcIcBl, uB8cClc0, IB 8 CcIl8IB 8ShIDB Il Sl8B0S SlI 8B0 DBy
QIDCcc0S WhcB lhc CDuISc D lhc muSIC IS CDBlIBuc0. LmQIIIC8 lImc 0ISluIDS
muSIC8 lImc, u8l 8, DBy Dy 0IBl D IlS hclcIDgcBcIIy, BDl DcC8uSc lhcy HDW
lDgclhcI. P lhc S8mc, lhc DIm8lIVc C8lcgDIIcS D 8D 8Ic BDl SImQy Qu8Il8IIVcy
l J8 LLHLKLNLLANDMLANN
dISlIuCl IOm lhOSc cXlcH8 lO lhcm Dul, Iu SQIlc O lhc 8llcIS mOdIDC8lIOu, IuCOI-
QOI8lc lhcII Qu8Ilj Iu 8 Qu8Il8lIVcj OlhcI mcdIum. Iu cXlcH8 cXISlcuCc lhcSc
OImS Mc uud8mcul8 lO lhc COuUO O u8luIc, Iu 8Il lhcj 8Ic lhcmScVcS COu-
lIOcd 8ud Iccj dISQOScd OVcI. hIOugh lhc dOmIu8lIOu O lhc dOmIu8lIug, 8Il
IcVIScS lhc dOmIu8lIOu O u8luIc lO lhc COIc. u COuU8Sl lO lhc ScmD8uCc O Iu-
cVIl8DIIlj lh8l ChM8ClcIIZcS lhcSc OImS Iu cmQIIIC8 Ic8Ilj, MS COul1O OVcI
lhcm 8ud OVcI lhcII Ic8lIOu lO m8lcII8S m8KcS lhcII 8IDIlI8IIucSS Iu lhc cmQIIIC8
WOId cVIdcul. PS 8 muSIC8 COmQOSIlIOu COmQIcSScS lImc, 8ud 8S 8 Q8IulIug OdS
SQ8CcS IulO Ouc 8uOlhcI, SO Uc QOSSIDIIlj IS COuCIclIZcd lh8l lhc WOId COud D
OlhcI lh8u Il IS. bQ8Cc, lImc, 8ud C8uS8Ilj 8Ic m8Iul8Iucd, lhcII QOWcI IS uOl dc-
uIcd, Dul lhcj 8Ic dIVcSlcd O lhcII COmQuSIVcucSS. 8I8dOXIC8j, Il IS QIcCIScj
lO lhc cXlcul lh8l 8Il IS Icc8Scd IOm lhc cmQIIIC8 WOId Dj IlS OIm8 COuSlIluculS
lh8l Il IS cSS IuSOIj , cSS dcudcd Dj SuD]cClIVcj dICl8lcd 8WuucSS, lh8u IS cm-
QIIIC8 KuOWcdgc. h8l lhc OgIC O 8IlWOIKS IS 8 dcIIV8lIVc O dISCuISIVc OgIC
8ud uOl IdculIC8 WIlh Il, IS cVIdcul Iu lh8l 8IlS OgIC8ud hcIc 8Il COuVcIgcS WIlh
dI8cClIC8 lhOughlSuSQcudS IlS OWu IIgOI 8ud IS ulIm8lcj 8Dc lO m8Kc lhIS
SuSQcuSIOu IlS Idc8, lhIS IS lhc 8Im O lhc m8uj OImS O dISIuQlIOu Iu mOdcD 8Il.
PIlWOIKS lh8l m8uIcSl 8 lcudcuCj lOW8Id IulcgI8 COuSUuClIOu dIS8VOW lhcII
OgIC8 IIgOI WIlh Wh8l IS hclcIOgcucOuS lO Il. lhc IudcIDc U8Cc O mImcSIS, Ou
WhICh COuSlIuClIOu dcQcudS. hc 8ulOuOmOuS 8W O OIm O MWOIKS QIOlcSlS
8g8IuSl OgIC8Ilj cVcu lhOugh OgIC8Ilj IlSc dcDucS OIm 8S 8 QIIuCIQc. 8Il
h8d 8DSOulcj uOlhIug lO dO WIlh OgIC8Ilj 8ud C8uS8Ilj, Il WOud OIcIl 8uj Ic-
8lIOu lO IlS OlhcI md WOud Dc m 8 QIIOII cmQlj 8ClIVIlj, I 8Il lOOK lhcm IlcI8j,
Il WOud SuCCumD lO lhc SQc, Ouj Dj IlS dOuDc Ch8I8ClcI, WhICh QIOVOKcS QcI-
m8ucul COuDICl, dOS 8Il SuCCccd 8l cSC8QIug lhc SQc Dj cVcu lhc SIghlcSl
dcgIcc. LOuCuSIOuS dI8Wu WIlhOul COuCcQl 8ud ]udgmcul 8Ic IOm lhc OulScl dI-
VcSlcd O 8uj 8QOdICIlj 8ud IuSISl IuSlc8d Ou 8 COmmuuIC8lIOu DclWccu OD]cClS
lh8l IS c8SIj m8SKcd Dj COuCcQl 8ud ]udgmcul, WhcIc8S 8cSlhclIC COuSISlcuCj QIc-
ScIVcS lhIS COmmuuIC8lIOu 8S lhc 8DuIlj O ccmculS lh8l Icm8Iu uuIdculIDcd. hc
OucucSS O 8cSlhclIC COuSlIluculS WIlh lhOSc O COguIlIOu IS, hOWcVcI, lhc uuIlj O
SQIIIl 8ud lhuS lhc uuIlj O Ic8SOu, lhIS 8ul dcmOuSlI8lcd Iu hIS lhcOIj O 8cSlhclIC
QuIQOScuucSS. bChOQcuh8ucI S lhcSIS O 8Il 8S 8u Im8gc O lhc WOId OuCc OVcI
DcMS 8 KcHc O lIulh, lhcu Il dOS SO Ouj IuSO8I 8S lhIS ScCOud WOId IS COm-
QOScd Oul O ccmculS lh8l h8Vc Dccu lI8uSQOScd Oul O lhc cmQIIIC8 WOId Iu
8CCOId WIlh JcWISh dcSCIIQlIOuS O lhc mcSSI8uIC OIdcI 8S 8u OIdcI ]uSl IKc lhc
h8DIlu8 OIdcI Dul Ch8ugcd Iu lhc SIghlcSl dcgIcc. hIS ScCOud WOId, hOWcVcI, IS
dIIcClcd ucg8lIVcj 8g8IuSl lhc DISl, Il IS Uc dcSUuClIOu O Wh8l IS SImu8lcd Dj
8mII8I ScuScS I8lhcI lh8u lhc 8SScmD8gc O lhc membru dis]ectu O cXISlcuCc.
hcIc IS uOlhIug Iu 8Il, uOl cVcu Iu lhc mOSl SuDImc, lh8l dOcS uOl dcIIVc HOm lhc
WOId, uOlhIug lh8l Icm8IuS uulI8uSOImcd. P 8cSlhclIC C8lcgOIIcS muSl Dc dc-
Ducd DOlh Iu lcImS O lhcII Ic8lIOu lO lhc WOId 8ud Iu lcImS O 8Il S IcQudI8lIOu
O lh8l WOId. u DOlh, 8Il IS KuOWcdgc, uOl Ouj 8S 8 IcSul O lhc IcluH O lhc
LOHLKLNLLANDMLANN
_
! 3
muB08Bc WOI0 8B0 IlS C8lcgOIIcS, WhICh IS 8II S DOB0 lO Wh8l IS BOIm8y C8c0
8B OD]cCl O KBOWc0gc, Dul QcIh8QS cVcB mOIc ImQOII8Bly 8S 8 IcSul O lhc Im
QICIl CIIlIQuc O lhc B8luIc-0OmIB8lIBg mtic, WhOSc IIgI0 0clcImIB8lIOBS 8Il SclS
IB mOVcmcBl Dy mO0IQIBg lhcm. l IS BOl lhIOugh lhc 8DSU8Cl Bcg8lIOB O lhc
mtic, BOI lhIOugh 8 mySlcIIOuS, Immc0I8lc cI0clIC VISIOB O cSScBCcS, Ih8l 8H
SccKS ]uSlICc OI lhc IcQIcSSc0, Dul I8UcI Dy IcVOKIBg lhc VIOcBl 8Cl O I8lIOB8Ily
Dy cm8BCIQ8lIBg I8lIOB8Ily HOm Wh8l Il hO0S lO Dc IlS IB8IcB8Dc m8lcII8 IB lhc
cmQIIIC8 WOI0. P IS BOl SyBlhcSIS, 8S COBVcBlIOB hO0S, I8lhcI, Il ShIc0S SyBlhc-
SIS Dy lhc S8mc OICc lh8l 8cClS SyBlhcSIS. h8l IS U8BSCcB0cBl IB 8Il h8S lhc
S8mc lcB0cBCy 8S lhc ScCOB0 IcHcClIOB O B8IuIc-0OmIB8lIBg SQIIIl.
hc COmQOIlmcBl O 8IlWOIKS IccClS lhc VIOcBCc 8B0 0OmIB8lIOB O cmQIIIC8
Ic8Ily Dy mOIc U8B 8B8Ogy. hc COSuIc O 8IlWOIKS, 8S lhc uBIly O lhcII mulI-
QICIly, 0IIcCly lI8BScIS lhc B8Iu-0OmIB8lIBg COmQOIlmcBl lO SOmclhIBg IcmOlc
IOm IlS Ic8Ily, IhIS IS QcIh8QS DcC8uSc lhc QIIBCIQc O Sc-QIcScIV8lIOB QOIBlS
DcyOB0 Ihc QOSSIDIIly O IlS Ic8IZ8lIOB IB lhc cXlcD8 WOI0, lhcIc SccS IlSc COB-
0lc0 Dy 0c8lh, 8B0 IS uB8Dc lO IcCOBCIc IlSc lO lh8l, 8ulOBOmOuS 8Il IS 8 WOIK O
COBUIVc0 ImmOII8Ily, ulOQI8 8B0 huDIIS IB OBc, SCIulIBIZc0 HOm 8BOlhcI Q8Bcl
lhcy WOu0 8 Sccm LgyQlI8B. hc QuIQOSIVcBcSS O 8IlWOIKS, lhIOugh WhICh
lhcy 8SScIl lhcmScVcS, IS OBy 8 Sh80OW O lhc QuIQOSIVcBcSS cXlcD8 lO lhcm.
hIS lhcy IcScmDc OBy IB lhcII OIm, lhIOugh WhICh, HOm lhcII QISQcClIVc 8l
c8Sl, lhcy 8Ic QIOlcClc0 IOm 0cCOmQOSIlIOB. h8BlS Q8I80OXIC8 OImu8lIOB lh8l
lhc Dc8ulIu IS Wh8l IS QuIQOSIVc WIlhOul 8 QuIQOSc, cXQIcSScS~IB lhc 8Bgu8gc
O SuD]cClIVc lI8BSCcB0cBl8 QhIOSOQhy ~lhc hc8Il O lhc m8llcI WIlh 8 D0cIly
lh8l BcVcI Cc8ScS lO 0ISl8BCc lhc h8BlI8B lhcOIcmS IOm lhc mclhO0OOgIC8 BcXuS
IB WhICh lhcy 8QQM. OI h8Bl 8IlWOIKS WcIc QuIQOSIVc 8S 0yB8mIC lOl8IlIcS IB
WhICh 8 Q8IlICu8I ccmcBlS cXISl OI lhc S8Kc O lhcII QuIQOSc lhc WhOc ~]uSl
8S Ihc WhOc cXISlS OI Ihc S8Kc O IlS QuIQOSc, lhc uDmcBl OI Ic0cmQlIOB
lhIOugh lhc Bcg8lIOB O IlS ccmcBlS. Pl lhc S8mc lImc, 8IlWOIKS WcIc QuQOSccSS
DcC8uSc lhcy h80 SlcQQc0 Oul O lhc mc8BS-cB0S Ic8lIOB O cmQIIIC8 Ic8Ily. bc-
mOlc IOm Ic8Ily, Ihc QuIQOSIVcBcSS O 8IlWOIKS h8S SOmclhIBg ChImcIIC8 8DOul
Il. hc Ic8lIOB O 8cSlhclIC lO Ic8 QuIQOSIVcBcSS W8S hISlOIIC8 hc Imm8BcBl
QuIQOSIVcBcSS O 8HWOIKS W8S O cXlcD8 OIIgIB. B m8By IBSl8BCcS, COcClIVcy
8ShIOBc0 8cSlhclIC OImS 8Ic OBCc-QuIQOSIVc OImS lh8l h8Vc DcCOmc QuQOSccSS.
hIS IS BOl8Dy lhc C8Sc WIlh OD8mcBlS, WhICh 0IcW hc8VIy OB m8lhcm8lIC8-
8SlIOBOmIC8 SCIcBCc. hc COuISc O lhIS 0cVcOQmcBl W8S m8IKc0 Oul Dy lhc
OIIgIB O 8IlWOIKS IB m8gIC. hcy Sh8Ic0 IB 8 QI8XIS mc8Bl lO IBHucBCc B8luIc,
ScQ8I8lc0 IOm lhIS QI8XIS IB lhc c8Iy hISlOIy O I8lIOB8Ily, 8B0 IcBOuBCc0 lhc
0cCcQlIOB O 8By Ic8 IBucBCc. h8l IS SQcCIHC lO 8IlWOIKSlhcII OImC8B
BcVcI, 8S lhc Sc0ImcBl8lIOB O COBlcBl [Inhu/tJ uy 0ISOWB IlS OIIgIB. PcSlhclIC
SuCCcSS IS cSScBlI8y mc8SuIc0 Dy WhclhcI lhc OImc0 OD]cCl IS 8Dc lO 8W8KcB
lhc COBlcBl [Inhu/tJ Sc0ImcBlc0 IB lhc OIm. B gcBcI8, lhcB, lhc hcImcBculICS O
8IlWOIKS IS lhc U8BS8lIOB O lhcII OIm8 ccmcBlS IBlO COBlcBl [Inhu/t] .hIS COB-
!4 |LOHKLNLLANMLAN
lcul [Inhu/tJ0DS uDl, DDWcVcI, 8 0IIcClj lD 8Il, 8S I IDIS CDulcul Duj ucc0c0 lD
Dc gc8uc0 Dm Ic8Ilj. H8IDcI, Il IS CDuSlIl0lc0 Dj W8j D 8 CD0ulcImDVcmcul.
LDulcul [Inhu/tJ m8KcS IlS m8IK Iu lDDSc WDIKS lD8l 0ISl8uCc lhcmScVcS HDm Il.
PIlISlIC QIDgIcSS, lD IDc 0cgIcc lD8l Il C8u Dc CDgculj SQDKcu D, IS lDc cQIlDmc
D lDIS mDVcmcul. PIl g8IuS IlS CDulcul [Inhu/t] lDID0gD lDc 8llcI S 0clcImIu8lc
ucg8lIDu. Dc mDIc cucIgclIC IDc ucg8lIDu, lDc mDIc 8IlWDIKS DIg8uIZc cm-
ScVcS 8CCDI0Iug lD Imm8ucul Q0IQDSIVcucSS, 8u0 QIcCIScj lhcIcDj 0D lDcj
mD0 lDcmScVcS QIDgIcSSIVcj lD WD8l lDcj ucg8lc. hc 8ulI8u CDuCcQIIDu D 8
lccDDgj D 8Il mD0cc0 Du lh8l D DIg8uISmS W8S IDDlc0 Iu lDc 0uIlj D Ic8SDu,
0lIm8lcj Iu lhc 0uIlj D 0IVIuc Ic8SDu 8S Il IS m8uIcSl Iu lDIugS-Iu-lDcmScVcS.
DIS I0c8 D80 lD gD. P lDc S8mc, lDc lccDDgIC8 0clcImIu8lIDu D 8Il g08I0S IlS
lIulD DcjDu0 lD8l IIIVI8 uDlIDu Ic]cClc0 u lhc CD0ISc D 8IlISlIC 0cVcDQmcul lh8l
lDc 8IlISlS 8ul8Sj 8u0 CDuSCID0SucSS CDucI DIg8uIC 0uIlj Du DIS WDIKS. PIlS
Q0IQDSIVcucSS, Icc D 8uj QI8ClIC8 Q0IQDSc, IS IlS SImI8tIlj lD 8ug08gc, IlS DcIug
WIlDD0l 8 Q0IQDSc IS IlS uDuCDuCcQl08Ilj, lD8l WDICD 0ISlIug0ISDcS 8Il HDm
SIguIRC8lIVc 8ug08gc. PIlWDIKS mDVc lDW8I0 lDc I0c8 D 8 8ug08gc D lDIugS
Duj Dj W8j D lDcII DWu 8ug08gc, lDID0gD lDc DIg8uIZ8lIDu D IDcII 0ISQ8I8lc
ccmculS, lhc mDIc lDcj 8Ic Sjul8ClIC8j MIC08lc0 Iu lDcmScVcS, Ihc mDIc cD-
g0cul lhcj DcCDmc Iu 8 lDcII ccmculS. Dc 8cSlhclIC CDuCcQl D lccDDgj D8S IlS
DD]cClIVIlj Iu lDc 8ug08gc D 8Il. I80IlIDu8 8cSlDclICS mISScS lDc m8IK DcC80Sc,
Iu KccQIug WIlD 8 gcucI8 purtipris, Il QIc]00gcS lDc Ic8lIDu D lDc WDDc 8u0 c
Q8D Iu 8VDI D lDc WDDc. u CDu08Sl, 0I8cClICS 0DcS uDl gIVc 8uj IuSlIuClIDuS DI
IDc 0c8Ucul D 8Il, D0l IuDcIcS Iu Il. Dc IcBcClIVc QDWcI D ]00gmcul~WDICD
C8uuDl l8Kc lDc S0DDI0Iu8lIug CDuCcQl 8S IlS Sl8HIug QDIul uDI, CDuScQ0culj, lDc
8IlWDIK 8S 8 WDDc, DI Il IS ucVcI gIVcu, 8u0 WDICD DDWS lDc Iu0IVI00m
ccmculS 8u0 gDcS DjDu0 lDcm Dj VIImc D lDcII DWu ucc0-S0D]cClIVcj U8CcS
lhc mDVcmcul D 8IlWDIKS Iu IDcmScVcS. j lDc DICc D lDcII 0I8cClIC, 8IlWDIKS
cSC8Qc mjlh, lDc DIu0 8u0 8DSlI8Clj 0DmIu8lIug ucX0S D u8l0Ic.
uCDulcSl8Dj lDc Q0IulcSScuCc D 8 ccmculS D DgIC8Ilj, DI, mDIc DID80j,
CDDcIcuCc Iu 8DWDIKS, IS DIm. l IS 8SlDuISDIug, DDWcVcI, DDW Illc 8cSIDclICS Ic-
BcClc0 Du lDc C8lcgDIj D DIm, DDW m0CD Il, lDc 0ISlIug0ISDIug 8SQcCl D 8H, D8S
Dcu 8SS0mc0 lD Dc 0uQIDDcm8lIC8j gIVcu. hc 0IHC0lj Iu gcllIug 8 gI8SQ Du Il
IS Iu Q8tl 00c lD lDc culWIucmcul D 8 8cSlDcUC DIm WIID CDulcul [Inhult] ,DIm
IS uDl Duj lD Dc CDuCcIVc0 Iu DQQDSIlIDu lD CDulcul D0l lDID0gD Il I 8cSlhclICS IS
uDl lD 8 QIcj lD 8u 8DSlI8ClucSS lD8l D8DIl08j m8KcS Il lDc 8j D Ic8ClIDu8Ij
8Il. u0cc0, IDc CDuCcQl D DIm D8S Dccu lDc DIu0 SQDl D 8cSlhclICS IIgDl 0Q lD
N8cIj, DcC80Sc cVcQlDIug 8DD0l 8Il IS SD IucXlIIC8Dj lIc0 0Q WIlD Il lD8l lDc CDu-
CcQl 0cHcS ISD8lIDu. PS Illc 8S 8tl IS lD Dc 0cHuc0 Dj 8uj DlDcI ccmcul, Il IS SIm-
Qj I0culIC8 WIlD DIm. LVcIj DcI ccmcul C8u Dc ucg8lc0 u IDc CDuCcQl D
DIm, cVcu 8cSclIC 0uIlj, lhc I0c8 D DIm lD8l RISl m80c lhc WDDcucSS 8H0 80-
lDuDmj D lDc 8IlWDIK QSSIDc. u DIgDj 0cVcDQc0 mD0cU WDIKS, DIm lcu0S lD
0ISSDCI8lc 0uIlj, cIlDcI Iu lhc IulcIcSl D cXQIcSSIDu DI lD CIIlICIZc 8IlS 8HIm8lIVc
LOHKLNLLAMLANN . !4!
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uuIlj D lh WDIK W8S DCC8SIDu8j Q8jHj lSl0 Dj IlS I8X8lIDu. j ]uXl8QDS-
Iu_ H8lIVj 0IS]DIulc0 DI CDuU8SlIu_ mulS, ND28Il, lh CDmQDSI WhD IS
QI8IS0 8DDV 8 DlhIS DI lh II_DI D hIS DIm, m8SlIHj ]u__S lh CDuCQl
D DIm Il8. M IS SD SuI D IlS SUu_lh lh8l h ClIVj lS _D lh IIuS 8u0,
Du lh D8SIS D lh SCuIIlj D U CDuSDClIDu IlS, _IVS lh 80 lD CuUIH_8
DICS. tDI ND28Il, lh hII D 8B D0I lI80IlIDu, lh I08 D uuIlj 8S DD IS SlI
SD uuSh8Ku lh8l Il IS 8D lD D8I lh ulmDSl QISSuI, WhI8S DI lhDVu, Iu
WhDm uuIlj DSl IlS SuDSl8ulI8Ilj uu0I lh uDmIu8ISl 88S8ul, lhI IS 8 u0 lD
8SSIl uuIlj M mDI SlIIClj, uuIlj QIDImS lh mulIQICIlDuS CDululS 8 QIIDII
8u0 lhuS l8mS lhm 8 lh mDI UIumQh8ulj. D08j 8IlISlS WDu0 IK lD 0D
8W8j WIlh uuIlj 8lD_lhI, lhDu_h WIlh lh IIDuj lh8l lhDS WDIKS lh8l 8I SuQ-
QDS0j DQu 8u0 IuCDmQl uCSSMIj I_8Iu SDmlhIu_ CDmQ8I8D lD uuIlj
IuSD8I 8S lhIS DQuuSS IS Q8Bu0. tDI lh mDSl Q8Il, lhDIj Qu8lS DIm WIlh
SjmmU DI IQlIlIDu. hI IS uD I8SDu lD 0uj lh8l, I Du W8ul0 lD H0uC
lh CDuCQl D DIm lD IuV8II8ulS, Qu8Ilj 8u0 IQlIlIDu CDu0 D Iu0 uQ Iu
DQQDSIlIDu lD IuQu8Ilj, lh8l IS, lD CDuU8Sl 8u0 0VDQmul. ul Ill WDu0 D
_8Iu0 Dj SllIu_ uQ SuCh C8l_DIIS. NuSIC8 8u8jSS, DI X8mQ, ShDW lh8l
Vu Iu lhDS WDIKS mDSl 0IuS 8u0 hDSlI lD IQlIlIDu, SImIMlIS 8I Iu-
VDV0, lh8l m8uj Q8IlS CDIISQDu0 WIlh DlhIS Iu lImS D Sh8I0, 0ISlIu_uIShIu_
Ch8I8ClIISlICS, 8u0 lh8l Il IS Duj lhIDu_h lh I8lIDu lD lhS mulS D I0ulIlj
U8l lh SDu_hl-8lI uDuI0ulIlj IS 8ChIV0, WIlhDul S8muSS D 8uj SDIl, Ch8DS
IlS WDu0 QIV8I 8S SDmlhIu_ VI-S8m. 1u00, lh 0ISlIuClIDu DclWu IQ-
lIlIDu lh8l IS SuQOCI8, hlIDuDmDuSj 0CI0, 8u0 IuCDmQlj m0I8l0 Dj
SQCIHC 0l8IS m0, Du lh DlhI h800, U IuuCl8D 0lImIu8lIDu D lh uuIK
Dj 8 0_H D S8muSS, IS 8 0ISlIuClIDu lh8l 0CISIVj DulWI_hS 8 IuV8II8BC.
1 lhI8 0I8lInClIDu I8 I_uDIc0 Dj 8 CDuCQl D DIm SjmQ8lhlIC WIlh IuV8II8uC, lh
ISul IS 8u 8HuIlj DI lh8l DSlI8 QhI8SDD_j lh8l Iu0u_S Iu XQISSIDuS IK
CDuSumm8l DIm. C8uS DIm IS lh CuD8 CDuCQl D 8SlhlICS 8u0 IS 8-
W8jS QISuQQDS0 Dj Il Iu lh _IVuuSS D 8Il, 8SlhlICS muSl _8lhI 8 IlS DICS
lD lhIuK lh CDuCQl lhIDu_h. 1 8SlhlICS IS uDl lD D lI8QQ0 Iu l8ulDD_IS Il
muSl _8Iu 8CCSS lD Wh8l IS uDl SImQj Imm8uul Iu lh CDuCQl D DIm, jl lh
CDuCQl DDIm HuSS lD _I8ul 8 VDIC lD 8ujlhIu_ 8SlhlIC lh8l C8ImS Iu0Qu-
0uC HDm Il. A8SlhlICS D DIm IS QDSSID Duj I Il DI8KS lhIDu_h 8SlhlICS
8S lh 8SlhlICS D U lDl8Ilj D Wh8l Sl8u0S uu0I lh SQ D DIm. hlhI 8Il
IS Iu 8uj W8j SlI QDSSID 0Qu0S QICISj Du lhIS. h CDuCQl D DIm mMKS
Dul 8HS Sh8IQ 80lIUSIS lD 8u mQIIIC8 WDI0 Iu WhICh MlS II_hl lD XISl IS uu-
CH8Iu. P h8S QICISj lh S8m Ch8uC D SuIVIV8 8S 0DS DIm, uD DllI. h
Q8IlICIQ8lIDu D DIm Iu lh CIISIS D 8Il DCDmS VI0ul Iu Sl8lmulS IK lhDS
D LuK8CS, WhD S8I0 lh8l Iu mD0D 8Il lh ImQDIl8uC D DIm h8S Du _I8lj
DVISlIm8l0. LVI0ul Iu lhIS QhIISlIu C8 lD 8ImS IS 8 0ISCDulul WIlh 8Il D
WhICh LuK8CS lh CuluI8 CDuSIV8lIV IS uuCDuSCIDuS, 8S W 8S 8 CDuCQl D DIm
!4
~
. LOHLKLNLLADMLANlN
lh8l IS IB80cQu8lc lO 8. O hIl uQOB Uc I0c8 lh8l OD h8S DccB OVcIcSlIm8lc0 IB
8Il, OBc muSl 8I lO IcCO_BIZc lh8l ODB IS cSScBII8 lO Ml, lh8l Il mc0I8lcS COBlcBl
[Inhu/t] .tODB IS lhc 8IlI8ClS COhcIcBCc, hOWcVcI Sc-8Bl8_OBISlIC 8B0 IcH8Clc0,
lhIOu_h WhICh c8Ch 8B0 cVcIj SuCCcSSH WOIX ScQ8I8lcS IlSc IOm lhc mcIcj
cXISlIB_. |uX8CSS uBIcDcClc0 COBCcQl O OD, WIlh IlS huc 8B0 CIj OVcI ODB8-
ISm, SclS OD IB OQQOSIlIOB lO lhc COBlcBl O QOcmS, COmQOSIlIOBS, 8B0 Q8IBlIB_S
8S 8B OI_8BIZ8IIOB lh8l C8B SImQj Dc Ilc0 O lhc WOIX. OD IS lhcIcDj COB-
CcIVc0 8S SOmclhIB_ SuQcIImQOSc0, SuD]cClIVcj 0ICl8lc0, WhcIc8S Il IS SuDSl8BlI8
OBj WhcB Il 0OcS BO VIOcBCc lO Wh8l IS ODHc0 8B0 cmcI_cS HOm Il. B0cc0,
Wh8l IS ODHc0, lhc COBlcBl [Inhu/t]0OcS BOl 8mOuBl lO OD]cClS cXlcH8 lO ODB,
I8lhcI, lhc COBlcBl IS mImclIC ImQuScS lh8l Ic 0I8WB IBlO lhc WOI0 O Im8_cS
lh8l IS OD. hc IBBumcDDc 8B0 QcHICIOuS cQuIVOC8lIOBS O lhc COBCcQl O
OD C8B Dc lI8Cc0 lO IlS uDIQuIlj, WhICh QIO0uCcS lhc lcmQl8lIOB lO C8 cVcIj-
lhIB_ 8B0 8BjlhIB_ lh8l IS MlISlIC m 8 OD. B 8Bj C8Sc, lhc COBCcQl O ODB IS
IuIlcSS I BOlhIB_ mOIc IS mc8Bl lh8B lhc IIVI8 _cBcI8Ilj lh8l lhc 8IlWOIX S
m8lcII8 ~WhclhcI lhIS mc8BS IBlcBlIOB8 OD]cClS OI m8lcII8S SuCh 8S lOBcS OI
COOIS~mc0I8lcS IBSlc80 O SImQj DcIB_ QIcScBl. l IS ]uSl 8S IB8Ql lO 0cDBc OD
8S HIS lO 0cDBc Wh8l IS COBcIIc0 Dj lhc SuD]cCl 8B0 Dc8IS lhc Sl8mQ O lh8l SuD-
]cCl. h8l C8B II_hIj D C8c0 ODB IB 8IlWOIXS HDS lhc 0cSI0cI8l8 O lh8l OB
WhICh SuD]cClIVc 8ClIVIlj l8XcS Q8Cc ]uSl 8S muCh 8S Il IS lhc QIO0uCl O SuD]cClIVc
8ClIVIlj. B 8WOIXS, ODH IS 8cSlhclIC cSScBlI8j IBSO8I 8S Il IS 8B OD]cClIVc
0clcImB8IOB. lS OCuS IS QIcCIScj lhcIc WhcIc lhc WOIX IccS IlSc IOm DcIB_
SImQj 8 QIO0uCl O SuD]cClIVIlj. ODH IS lhuS BOl lO Dc SOu_hl IB lhc 8II8B_cmcBl
O QIC_IVCB CCmCBl8, 08 lhC lhCOty O QClOI8 COmQO8IlIOB hc0 Il !O Dc QIIOI lO
DcIB_ 0cDuBXc0 Dj ImQIcSSIOBISm, Ih8l BcVcIlhccSS SO m8Bj 8IlWOIXS, IBCu0IB_
QIcCIScj lhOSc lh8l Mc 8QQ8u0c0 8S C8SSIC8, QIOVc uB0cI C8Icu SCIulIBj lO Dc
]uSl SuCh 8B 8II8B_cmcBl IS 8 8l8 OD]cClIOB lO lI80IlIOB8 8Il. hcIc IS 8DSOulcj
BO Ic0uCIB_ lhc COBCcQl O OD lO m8lhcm8lIC8 Ic8lIOBS, 8S W8S cBVISIOBc0 Dj
8cSlhclICS O ZcISIB_S cI8.~ buCh Ic8lIOBSWhclhcI cXQICIlj IBVOXc0 8S QIIBCI-
QcS 0uIIB_ lhc cB8ISS8BCc OI 8lcBlj COuQc0 WIlh mjSlIC8 I0c8S, 8S QcIh8QS
OCC8SIOB8j IB 8Ch~Q8j 8 IOc 8S lcChBIC8 QDCc0uIcS, jcl lhcj 8Ic BOl OD
IlSc Dul I8lhcI IlS VchICc, lhc mc8BS Dj WhICh lhc BcWj IDcI8lc0 SuD]cCl, 0cQcB-
0cBl SUIClj OB IlS OWB IcSOuICcS, QIcODS OUcIWISc Ch8OlIC B0 uB0IcIcBlI8lc0
m8lcIIm. JuSl hOW IHc m8lhcm8lCm OI_8BIZ8lIOB B0 cVcIj!hB_ Ic8lc0 lO Il COIB-
CI0cS WIlh 8cSlhclIC OD IS 8u0IDc IB lhc IcCcBl hISlOIj O lWcVc-lOBc lcChBIQuc,
WhCh IB 8Cl QIcOImS lhc m8lcII8 Dj lhc cSl8DIShmcBl O BumcIIC8 Ic8lIOBS O
QcImul8lc0 IOWS IB WhICh BO lOBc m8j OCCuI DcOIc lhc OlhcI lOBc h8S QIcCc0c0
Il. mmc0I8lcj Il DcC8mc cVI0cBl lh8l lhIS QIcODH8lIOB 0I0 BOl COBSlIIulc OD IB
lhc 8ShIOB cXQcClc0 Dj LIWIB blcIBS QIO_I8m, WhICh BOl Dj 8CCI0cBl C8DIc0 Ihc
lIlc NewFrincip/esc/lcm`bCh0BDcI_ hImSc 0ISlIB_uIShc0 8mOSl mcCh8BI-
C8j DlWccB lhc QIcQ8I8lIOB O lWcVc-lOBc m8lcII8 8B0 COmQOSIlIOB, 8B0 OB
8CCOuBl O lhIS 0ISlIBClIOB hc h80 Ic8SOB lO Ic_Icl hIS IB_cBIOuS lcChBIQuc. hc
LOHLKLNLLANDMLANN . !43
hcI_hlcBc0 lO_IC8l COBSISlcBCj O lhc OllOWIB_ _cBcI8lIOB, hOWcVcI, WhICh ODIl-
cI8lc0 Uc 0ISlIBClIOB DclWccB lhc QIcQ8I8lIOB O lhc m8lcII8l 8B0 8Clu8l COmQOSI-
lIOB, BOl OBj cXCh8B_c0 IBlc_I8lIOB OI muSIC S Scl-8IcB8lIOB Dul IBCuIIc0 lhc
lOSS O mlICu8lIOB, WIlhOul WhICh OIm IS 8mOSl IBCOBCcIV8Dlc. l IS 8S I lhc Im-
m8BcBl BcXuS O lhc WOIK, WhcB 8D8B0OBc0 COmQclclj lO IlScl WIlhOul 8Bj IB-
lcIcIcBCc, WIlhOul lhc cOIl lO hc8I lhc lOl8lIlj O OIm Oul O lhc hclcIO_cBcOuS,
Ic8QScS IBlO lhc I8W 8B0 CIu0c. B 8Cl, lhc lOl8lj OI_8BIZc0 WOIKS O lhc ScII8l
Qh8Sc h8Vc 8mOSl COmQclcj SuIIcB0cIc0 lhc mc8BS O 0IcIcBlI8lIOB IB WhICh
lhcj OII_IB8lc0. N8lhcm8lIZ8lIOB 8S 8 mclhO0 OI lhc Imm8BcBl OD]cClIV8lIOB O
OIm IS ChImcIIC8l. lS IBSuCIcBCj C8B QcIh8QS Dc ClmIHc0 Dj lhc 8Cl lh8l 8IlISlS
IcSOIl lO Il 0uIIB_ hISlOIIC8 QcIIO0S WhcB lhc lI80IlIOB8l Scl-cVI0cBCc O OImS
0ISSOlVcS 8B0 BO OD]cClIVc C8BOB IS 8V8Il8Dlc. Pl lhcSc mOmcBlS Uc 8IlISl h8S
IcCOuISc lO m8lhcm8lICS, Il uBIHcS lhc lcVc O SuD]cClIVc Ic8SOB 8ll8IBc0 Dj lhc
8IlISl WIlh lhc ScmDl8BCc O 8B OD]cClIVIlj OuB0c0 OB C8lc_OIIcS SuCh 8S uBIVcI-
S8lIlj 8B0 BcCcSSIlj, lhIS IS ScmD8BCc DcC8uSc lhc OI_8BIZ8lIOB, lhc Icl8lIOB O
ccmcBlS lO c8Ch OlhcI lh8l COBSlIlulcS OIm, 0OcS BOl OII_IB8lc IB lhc SQcCIHC
SDCluIc 8B0 8IlS WhcB COBIOBlc0 WIlh lhc QmlICu8I. tOI lhIS Ic8SOB m8lhcm8-
lIZ8lIOB 8VOIS QIcCISclj lhOSc lI80IlIOB8 OImS lh8l Il 8l lhc S8mc lImc 0cBOuBCcS
8S III8lIOB8l. 8lhcI lh8B cmDO0jIB_ lhc 8DI0IB_ l8WulBcSS O DcIB_, IlS OWB
Cl8Im lO lc_IlIm8Cj, lhc m8lhcm8lIC8l 8SQcCl O 8Il 0cSQ8IIIB_lj SUIVcS lO _u8I8B-
lcc IlS QOSSIDIIlj IB 8 hISlOIIC8 SIlu8lIOB IB WhICh lhc OD]cClIVIlj O lhc COBCcQ-
lIOB O OIm IS 8S IcguISIlc 8S Il IS IBhIDIlc0 Dj lhc lcVc O COBSCIOuSBcSS.
tIcgucBlj lhc COBCcQl O OIm QIOVcS ImIlc0 IB lh8l, 0cQcB0IB_ OB lhc CIICum-
Sl8BCcS, Il lOC8lcS OIm IB OBc 0ImcBSIOB Ic_8I0cSS O OlhcIS, 8S, OI cX8mQlc,
WhcB muSIC8l OIm IS OC8lc0 IB lcmQOI8l SuCCcSSIOB, 8S I SImul8BcIlj 8B0
QOjQhOBj 0O BOl COBUIDulc lO OIm, OI WhcB IB Q8IBlIB_ OIm IS 8llIIDulc0 lO QIO-
QOIlIOBS O SQ8Cc 8u0 SuI8Cc 8l lhc COSl O lhc OIm-_IVIB_ uBClIOB O COlOI. B
COBlI8Sl lO lhIS, 8cSlhclIC OIm IS lhc OD]cClIVc OI_8BIZ8lIOB WIlhIB c8Ch 8IlWOIK O
Wh8l 8QQc8IS 8S DIB0IB_j clOgucBl. U IS lhc BOBVIOcBl SjBlhcSIS O lhc 0IHSc
lh8l BcVcIlhccSS QIcScIVcS Il 8S Wh8l Il IS IB IlS 0IVcI_cBCcS 8B0 COBlI80IClIOBS,
8B0 OI lhIS Ic8SOB OIm IS 8Clu8j 8B uBO0IB_ O Uulh. P QSIlc0 uBIlj, Il COB-
Sl8ulj SuSQB0S IlSc 8S SuCh, cSScBlI8 lO Il IS lh8l Il IBlcIIuQlS IlSc lhIOu_h IlS
OlhcI ]uSl 8S lhc cSScBCc O IlS COhcIcBCc IS lh8l Il 0OcS BOl COhcIc. B IlS Icl8lIOB lO
IlS OlhcIWhOSc OIcI_BBcSS Il mOIhcS 8B0 jcl m8IBl8IBSOIm IS Wh8l IS 8BlI-
D8ID8IIC IB 8Il, lhIOu_h OIm 81l Q8IlICIQ8lcS IB lhc CIVIlIZ8lIOB U8l Il CIIlICIZcS Dj
IlS VcIj cXISlcBCc. tOIm IS lhc 8W O lhc lI8BSH_uI8lIOB O lhc cXISlIB_, COuBlcI lO
WhICh Il IcQIcScBlS cc0Om. tOIm ScCul8IIZcS lhc lhcOlO_IC8 mO0cl O lhc WOIl0
8S 8B Im8_c m80c IB LOUS IKcBcSS, lhOu_h BOl 8S 8B 8Cl O CIc8lIOB Dul 8S lhc OD-
]cClIV8lIOB O lhc hum8B COmQOIlmcBl lh8l ImIl8lcS CIc8lIOB, BOl creuticexnihilc
Dul CIc8lIOB Oul O lhc CIc8lc0. hc mcl8QhOIIC8l cXQIcSSIOB IS IIIcSISHDc, lh8l
OIm IB MWOIKS IS cVcIjlhIB_ OB WhICh lhc h8B0 h8S cl IlS lI8Cc, cVcIjlhIB_
OVcI WhICh Il h8S Q8SSc0. tOD IS lhc Sc8l O SOCI8 8DOI, uB08mcBl8llj 0IcIcBl
!4 | LOHLKLNLLANUMLANN
IDm lhc cmQIIIC8 QIDCcSS D m8KIug. h8l 8IlISlS 0IIcClj QcICcIVc 8S DIm IS
DcSl cuCI08lc0 eccntruric8S 8u 8ulIQ8lhj lD lhc uuDlcIc0 Iu lhc MlWDIK, lD lhc
gIDuQIug D CDDI lh8l IS SImQj 8Cld8 WIlhDul DcIug 8IlICu8lc0 DI 8uIm8lc0 Iu
IlSc, 8u 8ulIQ8lhj lD lhc IDlc muSIC8 ScqucuCc, lhc lDQDS, lhc QIcCIIlIC8. tDIm
CDuVcIgcS WIlh CIIlIQuc. RIS lh8l lh1Dugh WhICh 8IlWDIKS QIDVc Sc-CIIlIC8, Wh8l
Iu lhc WDIK IcDcS 8g8IuSl 8uj uuU8uSDDc0 IcSI0uc IS Ic8j lhc DcMcI D DIm,
8u0 8Il IS 0IS8VDWc0 WhcIcVcI SuQQDIl IS gIVcu lD lhc lhcD0ICj D lhc uuDImc0,
WhclhcI uu0cI lhc u8mc D muSIC8Ilj DI h8m 8ClIug. j IlS CIIlIC8 ImQIC8lIDu,
DIm 8uuIhI8lcS QI8ClICcS 8u0 WDIKS D lhc Q8Sl. tDIm IcQu0I8lcS lhc VIcW lh8l
8IlWDIKS 8Ic Immc0I8lcj gIVcu. DIm IS lh8l Iu 8IlWDIKS Dj WhICh lhcj DcCDmc
8IlWDIKS, Il IS cQuIV8cul WIlh lhcII mc0I8lc0ucSS, lhcII DD]cClIVc IcDcClc0ucSS
IulD lhcmScVcS. tDIm IS mc0I8lIDu Iu lh8l Il IS lhc Ic8lIDu D Q8IlS lD c8Ch DlhcI
8u0 lD lhc WhDc 8u0 8S lhc c8DDI8lIDu D 0cl8IS. Ilh Icg8I0 lD DIm, lhcu, lhc
muCh QI8ISc0 u81Vclc D 8IlWDIKS luHS Dul lD Dc hDSlIc lD 8Il. h8l m8j 8QQc8I
IuluIlIVc 8u0 u81Vc Iu 8IlWDIKS, lhcII CDuSlIldlIDu 8S SDmclhIug lh8l QIcSculS IlSc
8S Sc-CDhcIcul, g8QcSS, 8u0 lhcIcDIc uumc0I8lc0, 0cDVcS IDm lhcII mc0I8lc0-
ucSS Iu lhcmScVcS. l IS Duj lhIDugh lhIS mc0I8lc0ucSS lh8l lhcj DcCDmc SIguI-
DC8lIVc 8u0 lhcII ccmculS DcCDmc SIguS. LVcIjlhIug Iu 8IlWDIKS lh8l IcScmDcS
8ugu8gc DIIgIu8lcS Iu DIm 8u0 IS lhuS lI8DSDImc0 IulD lhc 8ulIlhcSIS D DIm, lhc
mImclIC ImQuSc. tDIm SccKS lD DIIug lhc Q8IlICu8I lD SQccCh lhIDugh lhc WhDc.
MDWcVcI, lhIS IS lhc mc8uChDj D DIm, cSQcCI8j 8mDug 8IlISlS Iu WhDSc WDIK
DIm QIcV8IS. tDIm IucVIl8Dj ImIlS Wh8l IS DImc0, DI DlhcIWISc IlS CDuCcQl
WDu0 DSc IlS SQcCIDC 0IcIcuCc lD Wh8l IS DImc0. hIS IS CDuDImc0 Dj lhc MlIS-
lIC 8DDt D DtmIug, WhICh IS 8W8jS 8 QtDCcSS D SccClIug, lIImmIug, IcuDuuC-
Iug. IlhDul Ic]cClIDu lhcIc IS uD DIm, 8u0 lhIS QIDDugS guIlj 0DmIu8lIDu Iu
8IlWDIKS, D WhICh Ucj WDu0 IKc lD Dc cc, DIm IS lhcII 8mDI8Ilj. hcj 0D Iu-
]uSlICc lD Wh8l lhcj DIm Dj DDWIug Il. Pl c8Sl SDmclhIug D lhIS W8S ScuSc0 Dj
VIl8ISmS cu0cSSj IchcMSc0 8SSuI8uCc, cVcI SIuCc WIclZSChc, D lhc 8uUlhcSIS
DclWccu DIm 8u0 Ic. PU DcCDmcS cul8ugc0 Iu lhc guIl CDulcXl D lhc IVIug,
uDl Duj DcC8uSc IlS 0ISl8uCc 8DWS lhc guIl CDulcXl lD QIcV8I Dul cVcu mDIC Im-
QDIl8Dlj DcC8uSc Il m8KcS IuCISIDuS Iu lhc IVIug Iu DI0cI lD hcQ Il lD 8ugu8gc
8u0 lhuS mulI8lcS Il. hc mjlh D IDCIdSlcS IcCDuulS lhc QhIDSDQhIC8 QIDlD-
hISlDIj D m. 3cl lhc lDl8 CDu0cmu8lIDu D 8Il 0DS uDl DDW IDm lhIS 8uj
mDIc lh8u Il 0DcS cScWhcIc Dm Q8IlI8 gUIl Iu lhc CDulcXl D lDl8 guIl. hD-
cVcI I8IS 8g8IuSl 8IlS Qul8lIVc DIm8ISm, 8g8IuSl 8Il DcIug Ml, 80VDC8lcS lhc VcIj
Iuhum8uIlj WIlh WhICh hc ChMgcS DIm8ISm 8u0 0DcS SD Iu lhc u8mc D CIqucS
lh8l, Iu DI0cI lD Icl8Iu DcllcI CDuUD D lhc DQQIcSSc0, IuSISl Du 808Ql8lIDu lD lhcm.
hcucVcI lhc IDhum8uIlj D SQIIIl IS Iu0IClc0, Il IS 8 ]u0gmcul Q8SSc0 8g8IuSl hu-
m8uIlj, Duj lh8l SQIIIl 0DcS ]uSlICc lD hum8DIlj lh8l, I8lhcI lh8u ScIVIug Il 8CCDI0-
Iug lD Wh8l Il h8S DcCDmc, ImmcIScS IlSc Iu lh8l WhICh uuKuDWu lD hum8uIlj IS
IlS DWu. hc C8mQ8Igu 8g8IuSl DIm8ISm IguDICS lhc 8Cl lh8l DIm lh8l Dc8S
CDulcul [Inhu/tJ IS IlSc Sc0Imculc0 CDulcul, lhIS, 8u0 uDl IcgIcSSIDu lD 8uj QIc-
LOHLKLNLLAMLANN | 45
8IlISlIC cmQh8SIS Ou COulcul, ScCuIcS lhc QIIm8Cj O lhc OD]cCl Iu 8Il. PcSlhclIC
C8lc_OIIcS O ODu SuCh 8S Q8IlICu8IIlj, 0cVcOQmcul 8u0 DSOulIOu O COuICl,
cVcu lhc 8ulICIQ8lIOu O IcCOuCII8lIOu lhIOu_h hOmcOSl8SIS, U8uSQ8Icul WIlh
Ic_8I0 lO lhcII COulcul cVcu, 8u0 mOSl O 8, WhcIc lhcj h8Vc ScQ8I8lc0 lhcm-
ScVcS IOm lDc cmQIIIC8 OD]cClS. cCIScj Dj 0ISl8uCc HOm Il ml 80OQlS IlS
Sl8uCc lOW8I0 lDc cmQIIIC8 WOI0 Iu WhICh COuRIClS 8QQ8I Immc0I8lc 8u0 8S 8D-
SOulc Cc8V8_cS, lDcII mc0I8lIOu, ImQICIlj COul8Iuc0 Iu lhc cmQIIIC8, DcCOmcS
lhc OI-IlSc O COuSCIOuSucSS Ouj Dj lhc 8Cl O SlcQQIu_ D8CK IOm Il, WhICh IS
Wh8l ml 0OcS. hIS SlcQQIu_ D8CK IS, 8S SuCh, 8u 8Cl O KuOWc0_c. hOSc c8luIcS
O mO0cD !l Ou WhOSc 8CCOuul Il h8S Dccu OSlI8CIZc0 8S OD8ISlC 0cIIVc WIlh-
Oul cXCcQlIOu IOm lhc 8Cl lh8l Iu lhcm COulcul RICKcIS IuCM8lc, IuSlc80 O h8V-
Iu_ Dccu QcDmQlOIIj 80]uSlc0 Dj m c8SIj m8IKcl8Dc h8ImOuj. Lm8uCIQ8lc0
cXQIcSSIOu, Iu WhICh 8 O mO0cD 8IlS ODuS OII_Iu8lc0, W8S 8 QIOlcSl 8_8IuSl
IOm8ulIC cXQIcSSIOu Dj 8 0cQOSIlIOu8 Ch8I8ClcI lh8l IS 8ul8_OuISlIC lO lhc ODuS.
hIS W8S lhc SOuICc O lhcII SuDSl8ulI8Ilj, 8u0IuSKj COIuc0 lhc lcDu CcIcDI8
8ClS. hc hISlOICOQhIOSOQhIC8 SI_uIHC8uCc O lhc cm8uCIQ8lIOu O OD IS lh8l
Il IcuScS lO mOIj 8Icu8lIOu Iu lhc Im8_c, cXCuSIVcj lhcIcDj IuCOIQOI8lu_ lhc
8Icu8lc0, lh8l Il 0cHucS lhc 8Icu8lc0 8S SuCh. hc hcDHclIC WOIKS DIIu_ mOIc
CIIlICISm lO DcI Ou lhc cXISlIu_ lh8u 0O lhOSc lh8l, Iu lhc IulcIcSl O IulcI_IDc SO-
CI8 CIIlICISm, 0cVOlc lhcmScVcS lO COuCII8lOIj ODS 8u0 SIculj 8CKuOWc0_c
lhc ROuIIShIu_ CuluIc Iu0uSlIj. u lhc 0I8cClIC O OD 8u0 COulcul, lDc SC8c 8SO
lIQS lOW8I0 ODH~8_8IuSl Mc_c ~DcC8uSc COulcul, WhICh hIS 8cSlhclICS W8ulc0
lO S8V8_c, 0c_cucI8lc0 lO 8 QOSIlIVISlIC _IVcu, 8 mO0 OI lhc IcIDC8lIOu 8_8IuSl
WhICh, 8CCOI0Iu_ lO Mc_c S lhcOIj, 8!l QIOlcSlS. huS lhc mOIc 0ccQj lhc COulcul
[Inhu/tJ IS cXQcIcuCc0 8u0 l!8uSODc0 uuIcCO_uIZ8Dj IulO ODH8 C8lc_OIcS,
lhc cSS lhc uuSuDIm8lc0 m8lcII8S 8Ic COmmcuSuI8Dc WIlh lhc COulcul [Cehu/t]
O 8IlWOIKS. LVcIjlhIu_ 8QQc8IIu_ Iu lhc mlWOIK IS VIIlu8j COulcul [Inhu/t] 8S
muCh 8S Il IS OD, WhcIc8S OD Icm8IuS lh8l Dj WhICh lhc 8QQ8IIu_ 0clcImIucS
IlSc 8u0 COulcul Icm8IuS Wh8l IS Sc-0clcImIuIu_. O lhc cXlcul lh8l 8cSUclCS
8ChIcVc0 8u cucI_clIC COuCcQl O OD, Il c_IlIm8lcj OQQOSc0 lhc QIcIlISlIC VIcW
O 8Il Dj SccKIu_ Wh8l IS SQCIDC8j 8cSlhclIC cXCuSIVcj Iu OIm Dj SccKIu_
Oul OIm S U8uSODH8lIOuS 8S SuCh Iu lhc COmQOImcul O lhc 8cSlhclIC SuD]cCl,
UIS W8S 8XIOm8lIC OI lhc COuCcQlIOu O 8Il hISlOIj 8S CuluI8 hISlOIj. ul Wh8l
QIOmIScS lO cm8uCIQ8lc 8u0 lhuS SlIcu_lhcu lhc SuD]cCl Wc8KcuS Il 8l lhc S8mc
lImc lhIOu_h IlS ISO8lIOu. Mc_c IS II_hl lh8l 8 8cSlhclIC QIOCcSScS 8Ic DOuu0 uQ
WIlh COulcul [Inhu/tJ ,]uSl 8S Iu lhc hISlOIj O lhc Q8SlIC 8IlS 8u0 IlcI8luIc ucW
cVcS O lhc cXlcD8 WOI0 COuSl8ulj DcCOmc 8QQIcul 8u0 8Ic 0ISCOVcIc0 8u0
8SSImI8lc0, WhcIc8S OlhcIS QcIISh, OSc lhcII 8IlISlIC QOlculI8, 8u0 uO Ou_cI cX-
CIlc cVcu lhc WOISl COmmcICI8 Q8IulcI lO _I8ul lhcm 8 DIIc clcDIlj Ou C8uV8S. u
lhIS Ic_8I0 Il IS WOIlh mculIOuIu_ lhc Slu0IcS O lhc 8IDuI_ uSllulc, m8uj O
WhICh QcucU8lc0 lO lhc CculcI O mlISlIC COulcul [Cehu/t]lhIOu_h lhc 8u8jSIS O
mOlIS, Iu QcUCS cu]8mIuS Slu0j O lhc LcD8u D8IOguc ShOWS 8u 8u8O_OuS
I4
_
LOHLKLNLLANDMLANN
lcB0cBCy,mOlIV8lc0DylhcIc]cClIOBOlhc COBuSIOBOSuD]cClIVcIBlcBlIOBS WIlh
8cSlhclICCOBlcBl [Cehu/tJ 8B0,ullIm8lcly,Olhc8llI8BCcO8cSlhclICS8B0I0c8lISl
QhIlOSOQhy.hcclcmcBlSDOuB0uQ WIlhCOBlcBl[Inhult]uB0cI_II0lhc SuDSl8BCc
[Cehu/tJ IB OQQOSIlIOB lOlhcQIcSSuIcOSuD]cClIVcIBlcBlIOB.
hc8IlICul8lIOB,DyWhIChlhc8IlWOIK8ChIcVcSIlSOIm,8lSO8lW8ySCOIBCI0cSIB
8CcIl8IBScBScWIlhlhc0cc8lOOIm.18_8QlcSS8B0uBOICc0uBIlyOOIm8B0
lhc OImc0SuCCcc0c0,8SIS IBlcB0c0DylhcI0c8OOIm,lhIS WOul0 8mOuBl lOlhc
8ChIcVcmcBlOlhcI0cBlIlyOlhcI0cBlIC8l8B0BOBI0cBlIC8l. ul IlISVIS-8-VISlhc
8Cllh8l lhIS h8S BOlDccB 8ChIcVc0 lh8l lhc MlWOIK ISmOlIV8lc0lO W8ll IlScluQ
IBlhc Im8_IB8Iy COBHBcS O8B I0cBlIlylh8lISmcIclyOI-IlScl.hc 8II8B_cmcBl
O8WhOlcIB8CCOI08BCcWIUlhc SumOIlSCOmQlcXcS,WhIChISlhcI0c8O8IlICu-
l8lIOB,IS BcVcI COmQlclcly 80cQu8lc,WhclhcI8S Uc 0IVISIOBO8l8V8 m8SS IBlO8
mullIlu0c O Sm8ll _8I0cB QlOlS OI Whcl0cI Il IS DcC8uSc O 8B cXlcD8l IcSI0uc
Icm8IBIB_ 8cI lhc 0IVcI_cBl h8S DccB uBIDc0. P QIOlOlyQIC8l IBSl8BCc OlhIS IS
lhc SuIlclIKc,uBm8SlcIc0 I8B0OmBcSS Olhc SuCCcSSIOB OmOVcmcBlS IB8B IBlc-
_I8lc0 SymQhOBy.h8lm8y DcC8llc08WOIK SlcVcl OOIm,8lcImcmQlOyc0IB
_I8QhOlO_y cVcISIBCcLu0WI_l8_cS, 0cQcB0SOBIlS0c_IccO8IlICul8lIOB.hIS
COBCcQl C8llS 8h8ll lO lhc Icl8lIVISm OIc_lS8IlISlIC WIll.hcIc8IclyQcS O
8Il, 8S Wcl 8S Qh8ScS IB IlS hISlOIy, IB WhICh 8IlICul8lIOB W8S OlIlllc COBCcH OI
W8SImQc0c0DyCOBVcBlIOB8lQIOCc0uIcS.PIlICul8lIOB S80cQu8Cy lO 8IlISlICWIll,
lOlhcOD]cClIVc-hISlOIIC8 ScBScOOImlh8lIlDc8IS,0DSBOlm8KcIl8BylcSSIB-
cIIOI. \B0cIUcCOBSlI8IBlO8BcBCOmQ8SSIB_1lSh8llBOlDcSuChWOIKS8IllO
CM Oul Wh8l lhcy 8Ic ODlI_c0 lO ulDll 8CCOI0IB_ lO lhcII OWB lO_IC8lIly. LIKc
0c8k-DOuB0WhIlc-COHm WOtkct8 WhO8c 8nCc8lOt8 Wctc 8ttI8t8 O 8n In1ctIOt \cVc
OOIm,lhcI1uBCOBSCIOuSWhISQIS IBlhcI1c8ISlh8llhculmOSlIS BOlQOSSIDlcOI
lhc lIlllc mcB lh8l lhcy 8Ic, ycl lhc ulmOSl IS BcVcIlhclcSS lhc l8W OOIm OWh8l
lhcy uB0cIlOOK lO 0O.1l IS I8IclyBOlc0,cVcB IB 8Il CIIlICISm,lh8l BcIlhcI IB0IVI0-
u8l BOI COllcClIVc 8Il WIllS IlS OWB COBCcQl, WhICh 0cVclOQS HOm WIlhIB, I8lhcI
lIKc QOQlc WhO l8u_h cVcB WhcB lhcIc IS BOlhIB_ uBBy. N8By MlWOIKS 8Ic
uB0cIl8KcB WIlh l8CIlIcSI_B8lIOB,OIlhcII0ImIBIShc0Cl8Imlhcy 8IcIcW8I0c0Dy
m8KIB_ 8Il hISlOII8BS 8B0 lhc QuDlIC h8QQy. 1l WOul0 Dc WOIlhWhIlc lO 8B8lyZc lO
Wh8l0c@cc SuCh 8cSlhclICIcSI_B8lIOBh8S SIBCc 8BlIQuIly COBlIIDulc0lO lhc 0IVI-
SIOBOhI_h8B0lOW8Il,80IVISIOBWhOSc0cCISIVcIc8SOBISODVIOuSlylh8lCulluIc
QIOVc0uBSuCCcSSulOI QIcCISclylhOSc WhOQIO0uCc0 Il. 1B

8By C8Sc, cVcB SO8Q-

Q8IcBlly OIm8l 8 C8lc_OIy 8S lh8l O 8IlICul8lIOB h8S IlS m8lcII8l 8SQcCl. lh8l O
IBlcIVcBlIOB IB lhc radisindiestuqaem/esOWh8lIS Sc0ImcBlc0 IBlhc 8IlWOIK
lhIS SI0c OIlS 8ulOBOmy, cVcB 8cSlhclICOImS lcB0 hISlOIIC8lly lOW8I0 DcCOmIB_
m8lcII8l O 8 ScCOB0 OI0cI. hc mc8BS, WIlhOul WhICh lhcIc WOul0 Dc BO OIm,
uB0cImIBcOIm.hIS8QOII8IS0O0_c0,BOlSOlVc0,DyWOIKSlh8lIcBOuBCcQ8IlI8
WhOlcSO8By SI_BIDC8Bl0ImcBSIOBIBOI0cIlOQIOlcCl UcIIuBIly. hIS IS lhc Kcy
OD]cClIOB lO cDcH SIBlcBSIly WIlhOul cXlcBSIOB. Nc0IOCIc WOIKS,Dy COBlI8Sl,
lc8VclhcQ8IlI8l WhOlcSuBCh8llcB_c0uB0cIlhc lhIBhuSK OlhcIIOIm,C8mOu-
LOHLKLNLLANUMLANlN . I4J
R8_IB_ lhcm I8lhcI lh8B mc0IB_ lhcm. RCOu0 8mOSl Dc Sl8lc0 8S 8 Iuc, OBc lh8l
lcSlIDcS lO lhc 0cQlh 8l WhICh OIm 8B0 COBlcBl [InhultJ 8Ic mc0I8lc0 IB c8Ch
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SlIlulc0 Dy W8y O 0clOuIS. PIlWOIKS OSc lhcmScVcS IB OI0cI lO DB0 lhcmScVcS.
hc OIm C8lc_OIy OI lhIS IS lhc cQISO0c. B 8 COcClIOB O 8QhOIISmS IOm hIS cX-
QIcSSIOBISl Qh8Sc QuDIShc0 QIIOI lO OI0 8I , bChOcBDcI_ BOlc0 lh8l PD80Bc
QIOVI0cS BO lhIc80 lO OOW lhIOu_h lhc IBlcIIOI O 8IlWOIKS." hIS hOWcVcI 0DS
BOl ImQy 8cSlhclIC III8lIOB8ISm. hcII OIm, lhcII WhOc, 8B0 lhcII O_IC8Ily Mc
hI00cB IOm 8IlWOIKS lO lhc S8mc 0c_Icc 8S lhc ccmcBlS, lhc COBlcBl [InhultJ ,
0cSIIc lhc WhOc. PIl lh8l m8KcS lhc hI_hcSl C8Im COmQcS IlSc DcyOB0 OIm 8
lOl8Ily 8B0 IBlO lhc I8_mcBl8Iy. hc QI_hl O OIm IS mOSl cmQh8lIC8y m8BI-
cSl IB lhc 0IDCuly O DIIB_IB_ lcmQOI8 8Il OImS lO 8 COBCuSIOB, IB muSIC COm-
QOScIS OlcB SQc8K O lhc QIODcm O 8 DB8c, 8B0 IB IlcI8luIc lhc QIODcm O 8
0cBOucmcBl, WhICh C8mc lO 8 hc80 IB IcChl. LBCc h8VIB_ Sh8KcB IlSc cc O
COBVcBlIOB, BO 8IlWOIK W8S 8Dc lO cB0 COBVIBCIB_y, 8B0 lhc COBlIBuc0 uSc O
U80IlIOB8 cB0IB_S OBy SImu8lc lhc lcmQOI8 COBVcI_cBCc O lhc QMlICu8I cc-
mcBlS WIlh lhc COBCu0IB_ IBSl3Bl 8S 8 lOl8Ily O OIm. B m8By mO0cD WOIKS
lh8l h8Vc 8llI8Clc0 8 8I_c 8u0IcBCc, lhc OIm W8S 8Iluy hc0 OQcB DcC8uSc lhcy
W8Blc0 lO 0cmOBSU8lc lh8l lhc uBIly O OIm W8S BO OB_cI DcSlOWc0 OB lhcm.
bQuIIOuS IBDBIly, lhc IB8DIIly lO COSc, DcCOmcS 8 Iccy ChOScB QIIBCIQc O
mclhO0 8B0 cXQIcSSIOB. cCKcll S Q8y, WhICh, I8lhcI lh8B SlOQQIB_ IcQc8lS IlSc
WOI0 OI WOI0, IS 8 Ic8ClIOB lO lhIS, 8mOSl Dly yc8IS 8_O, bChDBDcI_ QIOCcc0c0
IB SImI8I 8ShIOB IB lhc N8ICh O hIS bcIcB80c. PlcI lhc IcQIISc h80 DccB 8DO-
IShc0, Il W8S IcSuIIcClc0 Oul O 0cSQcI8lIOB. h8l LuK8CS OBCc C8c0 lhc 0IS-
Ch8I_c O mc8BIB_ W8S lhc OICc lh8l 8OWc0 lhc 8IlWOIK, OBCc Il h8S COBDImc0
IlS Imm8BcBl 0clcImIB8lIOB, lO cB0 OB lhc mO0c O OBc WhO 0IcS O0, h8VIB_ !c0 8
u Ic . h8l lhIS IS 0cBIc0 8IlWOIKS, lh8l lhcy C8B BO mOIc 0Ic Ih8B C8B Ihc huBlcI
LI8CChuS, IS IBlcD8IZc0 Dy lhcm 0IIcCly 8S 8B cXQIcSSIOB O hOIIOI. hc uBIly O
8IlWOIKS C8BBOl Dc Wh8l Il muSl Dc. lhc uBIly O lhc mulIQICIlOuS, IB lh8l uBIly
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IS lhc QcIcCl I0cBlIly O lhc lWO ChImcIIC8, Il WOu0 BOl Ic0OuB0 lO lhc SuCCcSS O
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SuDCIcBl Q8y OI I8W cmQIII8. Ilh Ic_8I0 lO COBlcBl [Inhult] ,lhc COBCcQl O m8-
lcII8 DcSl 0OcS ]uSlICc lO lhc mc0I8lc0 0ISlIBClIOB. PCCOI0IB_ lO 8B 8mOSl uBIVcI-
S8y 8CCcQlc0 lcDIBOO_y IB 8 Ihc 8IlS, m8lcII8 IS Wh8l IS OImc0. RIS BOl Uc
S8mc COBlcBl [InhultJ ,cVcB I Mc_c 8lcuy COBOuB0c0 lhc lWO. hIS C8B Dc
cXQIC8lc0 WIlh Ic_8I0 lO muSIC. lS COBlcBl [InhultJIS IB 8By C8Sc Wh8l OCCuIS
Q8IlI8 cVcBlS, mOlIS, lhcmcS, 8B0 lhcII c8DOI8lIOB. Ch8B_IB_ SIIu8lIOBS. LOBlcBl
l48 | COHLKLNCLANDMLANN
IS uDl cXlcD8 lD muSIC8 lImc Dul cSSculI8 lD Il, 8S lImc IS cSSculI8 lD CDulcul,
CDulcul IS cVcIylDIu_ lD8l U8uSQIIcS Iu lImc. N8lcII8, Dy CDuU8Sl, IS WD8l 8IlISlS
WDIX WIID l IS lDc Sum D 8 lD8l IS 8V8I8Dc lD lDcm, IuCu0Iu_ WDI0S, CDDIS,
SDuu0S, 8SSDCI8lIDuS D cVcIy SDII 8u0 cVcIy lcCDuIQuc cVcI 0cVcDQc0. D IDIS cX-
lcul, DImS lDD C8u DcCDmc m8lcII8, Il IS cVcIylDIu_ lD8l 8IlISlS cuCDuulcI 8DDul
WDICD IDcy muSl m8Xc 8 0cCISIDu. Dc I0c8, WI0cSQIc80 8mDu_ uuIcHcClIVc
8IlISlS, D lDc DQcu cI_IDIIly D 8uy 8u0 8 m8lcII8 IS QIDDcm8lIC Iu lD8l Il I_-
uDIcS lDc CDuSU8Iul IuDcIcul Iu lcCDuIC8 QIDCc0uIcS 8u0 lDc QH_IcSS D m8lcII8,
WDICD IS ImQDSc0 Dy V8IIDuS m8lcII8S 8S Wc 8S Dy lDc ucCcSSIly lD cmQDy SQc-
CIDC m8lcII8S. Dc CDDICc D lDc m8lcII8, IlS uSc, 8u0 lDc ImIl8lIDuS D lD8l uSc,
8Ic 8u cSSculI8 ccmcul D QID0uClIDu. LVcu IuuDV8lIVc cXQ8uSIDu D lDc m8lcD8
IulD lDc uuXuDWu, _DIu_ DcyDu0 lDc m8lcII8 S _IVcu CDu0IlIDu, IS lD 8 8I_c cXlcul
8 uClIDu D lDc m8lcII8 8u0 IlS CIIlIQuc, WDICD IS 0cDuc0 Dy lDc m8lcII8 IlSc.
Dc CDuCcQl D m8lcII8 IS QIcSuQQDSc0 Dy 8lcD8IIVcS SuCD 8S WDclDcI 8 CDm-
QDScI WDHS WIU SDuu0S lD8l 8Ic u8lIVc lD lDu8Iy 80 IcCD_uIZ8Dc 8S IlS 0cIIV8-
lIVcS, DI WDclDcI Dc I80IC8y cImIu8lcS lDcm, 8u8D_DuS 8lcD8lIVcS Iu Q8IulIu_
8Ic lDDSc DclWccu lDc IcQIcScul8lIDu8 8u0 lDc uDuIcQIcScul8lIDu8, lDc QcISQcC-
lIV8 8u0 lDc uDuQcISQcClIV8. Dc CDuCcQl D m8lcII8 m8y DISl D8Vc l8Xcu CDu-
SCIDuS SD8Qc Iu lDc lWculIcS, I Duc c8VcS 8SI0c lDc Iu_D D SIu_cIS WDD, lDIluIc0
Dy 8 ScuSc D lDc 0uDIDuSucSS D lDcII muSIC8Iy, cXul DVcI lDcII `m8lcII8.
bIuCc Mc_c S lDcDIy D lDc IDm8ulIC 8IlWDIX, lDc cHDI D8S QcISISlc0 lD8l 8Du_
WIlD QIccSl8DISDc0 DVcIMCDIu_ DImS cVcu lDc DIu0Iu_ucSS D lDc m8IcII8S WIlD
WDICD lDc DImS WcIc CDuCcDc0 D8S 0ISIulc_I8lc0, lDc cXQ8uSIDu D 8V8I8Dc m8-
IcII8S, WDICh SCDDS IDc DC DDuu0MIcS DcIWccu Uc 8IIS, IS QIImMIj IDc IcSuI D!
lDc DISlDIIC8 cm8uCIQ8lIDu D IDc CDuCcQl D DIm Iu 8Il. DIS cXQ8uSIDu D8S Dccu
muCD DVcIcSlIm8lc0 Dy lDDSc cXlcD8 lD Il, Il IS DDScl Dy Uc IcuuuCI8lIDuS 0c-
m8u0c0 D IDc 8IlISl uDl Duy Dy l8Slc Dul Dy lDc CDu0IlIDu D IDc m8lcII8. L 8
lDc m8lcII8 ID8l IS 8DSUCly cmQDy8Dc, Duy lDc lIuIcSl Q8Il 0DcS uDl CDI0c
WIlD Uc CDu0IIIDu D SQIIIl 8u0 IS 8S SuCD CDuCIclcy uS8Dc. DuS m8lcD8 IS uDl
u8luI8 m8lcII8 cVcu I Il 8QQc8IS SD lD 8IlISlS, I8lDcI, Il IS lDDIDu_Dy DISlDIIC8 .
lS SuQQDSc0y SDVcIcI_u QDSIlIDu IS lDc IcSul D lDc CD8QSc D cVcIy DulDD_y D
8Il, WDICD D8S Iu luH 8cClc0 lDc m8lcII8S. Dcy 8Ic uD cSS 0cQcu0cul Du lDc
U8uSDIm8lIDu D lcCDuIQuc U8u IS lcCDuIQuc Du Uc m8lcII8S lD8l Il m8uIQu8lcS.
l IS DDVIDuS DDW muCD 8 CDmQDScI WDD, DI IuSl8uCc, WDIXS WIlD lDu8 m8lcII8
IcCcIVcS lDIS m8lcII8 Dm U80IlIDu. h,DDWcVcI, Dc uDS CIIIC8y 8_8IuSl U80I-
lIDu lDIDu_D lDc uSc D 8u 8ulDuDmDuS m8lcII8, Duc CDmQclcy QuI_c0 D CDu-
CcQlS SuCD 8S CDuSDu8uCc, 0ISSDu8uCc, UI80, 8u0 0I8lDuICISm, lDc uc_8lc0 IS ucVcI-
lDccSS Icl8Iuc0 Iu lDc uc_8lIDu. buCD WDIXS SQc8X Dy VIIluc D lDc l8DDDS lDcy
I80I8lc, IDc 8ScucSS DI, 8l lDc c8Sl, lDc SDDCX D cVcIy D80 lD8l lDcy QcImIl
m8XcS lDIS DDVIDuS cuDu_D, 8u0 lDIS IS lDc DD]cClIVc C8uSc D lDc CDmDIl8Dy QIc-
SCIIDc0 mDuDlDuDuSucSS D I80IC8y mD0cH 8Il. Dc II_DIDuSucSS D lDc mDSl
IcCcul 0cVcDQmculS Iu muSIC 8u0 Q8IulIu_, WDICD II_Dl IulD lDc Sm8cSl 0cl8I D
LOHLKLNLLANDMLANIN | !4
lhccm8uClQ8lc0m8lcIl8 IulhcSSjclmlu8lcS 8lI8CcSOlhc U80lllOu88u0lhc
ucg8lc0,ODcjS 8 lhc mOIc IcCKcSSjuu0cI lhc luSlOu O lhc QuIc glVcuucSS
O8m8lcIl8WllhOul8ujlulIluSlCQu8lljlhchlSlOIlC8 lcu0cuCj. blIlQQlug lhc
m8lcIl8 O8uj Qu8ll8llVc 0lmcuSlOu,WhlCh SuQcIDCl8j COuuOlcS llS 0chlSlOIl-
ClZ8llOu, lS llSclhc m8lcIl8 ShlSlOIlC8QIOQcuSllj,lhc QIOQcuSllj OSuD]cCllVc
Ic8SOu. h8l 0cDucS llS lmllS lh8l llc8VcS llS hlSlOIlC8 0clcImlu8llOuS Dc-
hlu0lulhc m8lcIl8.
h8l8CSlhcllC lcImuOOgj OuCcC8C0SuD]cCl m8llcI [Stc_800McgcUc SuD-
]cCl [Sa]etJ lS uOl lO DC 8QO0lCllC8j cXCu0c0HOm lhc COuCcQl O m8lcI8. P
lhcS8mc,Whclhc COuCcQl OSuD]CCl m8llCIIcm8luS 8COuCcH OM, lullS lm-
mc0l8Cj,8S8lhcmclh8lC8uDcllc0OVcIHOmcXlcH8Ic8llj8u0WOIKC0uQu,
llh8S,SluCc8u0luSKj, tOuSl,8u0JOjCc,luCOulIOVcIllDj 0cCluc0. 8I8c lO
Uc CIllQuc Olhc hclcIOgcucOuSj lmQOSc0,lhc 8cSlhcllC8j uu8SSlml8Dc,0lS-
COulculh8SDccugIOWlugWllhlhc SO-C8c0 gIc8l lhcmcSlOWhCh Mcgc 8S Wc
8S lcIKcg88I0, 8u0 mOIcIcCculj m8uj N8IXlSl lhcOIcllCl8uS 8u0 Q8jWIlghlS
8lDulc0SuChcmlucuCc.hc l0c8lh8lWOIKSlh8lOCCuQjlhcmScVcSWllh8uguSl
cVculSWhOSc SuDlmllj lS uSu8j Ouj lhc Iull Ol0cOOgj 8u0 O IcSQCCl OI
QOWcIM0m8gullu0c8IclhcIcDj8ugmculc0 lu lhcII0lguQ W8S uum8SKC0OuCc
V8u LOgh Q8lulC0 8 SlOO OI 8 cW SuuHOWcIS lu SuCh 8 8ShlOu lh8ll0c lm8gcS
I8gcWllhlhc SlOImO8lhOSccmOllOuS lulhc cXQCIcuCcOWhChlhclu0Vl0u8
O V8u LOgh ScQOhOI lhc DISl llmc IcglSlcIc0 lhc hlSlOIlC8 C8l8SlIOQhc. hlS
h8VlugDCCOmccVl0cul,llCOu0DCShOWuluc8IlcIm lOOhOWlllcllS8ulhcullC-
llj0cQcu0SOulhclIumQc0-uQOIcVcu8Clu8IccV8uCcOllSOD]cClS.h8llS l0c
lmQOIl8uCc OLC lu NcImccI1 LOS ll uOl hO0 lh8l8SI8uS WIOlC, 8gullcI
Wc Q8lulC0 lS O gIc8lcI V8uc lh8u 8 D80j Q8luR0 Q88Cc. Lul O 8 DSc
ScQucuCcOcVculS . . . 8WOI0OQISQcCllVcS,mD0S,8u0ShOCKSl8KcSSh8QCOI
lhc mOIc Q!uCld cjc, 8ud lI88hj QO DCOmcS lhc QOUj OlI8Sh, 08m08Dc
Ouj lO lh8l ODCl8 l0lOj lh8l hO0S 8D80j Q8lulc0 Q88Cc QIccI8Dc lO 8Wc-
Q8lulc0 gullcI.` McgcS 8cSlhcllCS O COulCul [Inhu/t] ,8u 8cSlhcllCS O SuD]cCl
m8llcI,luKccQlug Wllhlhc SQlIll Om8uj OhlS lulcullOuS, SuDSCIlDcS uu0l8CCll-
C8j lO lhc OD]cCllV8llOu OM Dj W8j O8I8WIc8llOulO OD]cClS.LSScull8!j hc
cXCu0c0 mlmcSlS HOm hlS 8cSlhcllCS. u LcIm8u l0c8lSm Uc U lO lhc OD]cCl
W8S 8W8jSCOuQc0WllhQhllSllulSm,8S lSmOSlCI8SSjODVlOuSlulhcCOmmculS
Ou hlSlOIlCM Q8lullug lulhc lhlI0DOOK Olhc wcrldus wi//undRepresentuticn.
u llS Ic8llOu lO M, l0c8lSmS clcHllj lS uum8SKC0 8S KllSCh,lO WhChhc WhO
ClugS lOl0c8lSmSu8cu8DcC8lcgOIlcSlSCOuSlguc0. IcChllguOIc0lhlS. uhlS
cSS8j Fdq}Schwienkeiten beimSchreibender wuhrheit" {DVc 0lDCullcS lu
WIlllug lhc Uulh) hc COuCu0cS. huS, ll lS OI cX8mQc uOl uuUuc h S8j lh8l
Ch8IS QIOVl0c 8Q8CclO Sll 8u0lh8lI8lu8SHOm8DOVc.N8ujQOlSWIllCUuUS
OlhlS Klu0.hcj 8Ic lKc QmulCIS WhO COVcI lhc W8SOSl0Klug ShlQS Wllh Sl
lcS. OI lhcm cVcu Wh8l Wc h8Vc C8C0 OuI DISl 0lHCulj lu WIlug lhc 0uU
0OCS uOl cXlSl 8H0 jcl lhcj h8Vc 8 Cc8 COuSClcuCc. hcj QIO0uCc lhclI 08uDS
`
0 L LOHLKLNLLANDMLANlN
uu0ISluHc0 Dj lhc mIghlj DI Dj !hc SCIc8mS D !hc I8V8gc0. hc 8DSuI0Ilj D
Wh8l lhcj 0D QID0uCcS Iu lhcm 8 `0ccQ QcSSImISm !h8l lhcj Sc 8! 8 gDD0 QIICc
8u0 !h8! WDul0 8Clu8j DcllcI SuI! lhDSc WhD W8lCh !hcSc m8SlcIS 8u0 lhcII S8cS.
Pl !hc S8mc lImc Il IS 8ujlhIug Dul c8Sj lD IcCDguIZc lh8l lhcII lIulhS 8Ic Uu!hS
8DDul Ch8IIS DI lhc I8Iu, SIuCc lDcj uSu8j SDuu0 CDmQc!cj 0IcIcu!, 8S I !Dcj
WcIc lIulhS 8DDul ImQDIl8u! !hIugS. tDI lhc QIDCcSS D 8IlISlIC QID0uClIDu IS QIc-
CIScj !h8! D 8CCDI0Iug ImQDIl8uCc lD SDmclhIug. Luj Dj l8KIug 8 CDSc DDK
0DcS Duc QcICcIVc !h8l lhcj 8Ic Duj S8jIug. `P Ch8II IS 8 Ch8II 8u0 `DDD0j C8u
Ch8ugc lhc 8Cl lh8l I8Iu 8S HDm 8DDVc.

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lhc DhCI8 CuluIc mcul8Ilj, WhICh h8S cVcu SuCCcc0c0 m Iu!cgI8lIug V8u LDgh S
Ch8II 8S 8 QIcCc D HIluIc. 3cl I Duc W8ulc0 !D cXlI8Cl 8 uDIm Dul D lhIS, Il
WDu0 Dc mcIcj IcgIcSSIVc. hcIc IS uD QDIul lD m8KIug !hIc8lS. P Q8Iu!c0 Ch8II
C8u 8Clu8j Dc cX!Icmclj SIguIDC8ul, lD Uc cX!cu! !h8! Duc 0OS uD! QIccI lD
8VDI0 lhIS DD8lc0 WDI0. 1uCDmQ8I8Dlj 0ccQI 8u0 SDCI8lj IccV8ul cXQcIIcuCcS
C8u Dc Sc0Imculc0 Iu lhc howD 8 Q8Iu!Iug !h8u Iu 8I!hu QDIU8IlS D gcucI8S DI
IcVDulIDu8Ij hcIDS. P Q8IulIugS D lhIS SDIl IcUDSQcC!IVcj lMc lhcII Q8Cc Iu
lhc Cu/erie des C/uces de \ersui//es D 1 J1 , Icg8I0cSS Whc!hcI !hc gcucI8lS,
clcD8lIZc0 I u hISlDIIC8 QDSluIcS, WcIc !D h8Vc c0 Ic0 8ImIcS !h8l DCCuQj CDuu-
lIIcS Iu WhICh lhc IcVDulIDu ucVcI lDDK Q8Cc. IS QIDDcm8lIC D lhcm8lIC m8lc-
II8 WhDSc IccV8uCc IS 0IIcClj DDIIDWc0 IDm Ic8Ilj 8SD Dc8S lhc IulculIDuS
!h8l 8Ic Iu]cClc0 IulD lhc WDIK. MDWcVcI SQIIIlu8 !hcSc I0c8S m8j Dc Iu !hcm-
ScVcS, DuCc IuUD0uCc0 IulD lhc 8I!WDIK lhcj DcCDmc uD cSS SuD]cCl m8l!cI lh8u I
lhcj WcIc WcIcI, lhc 8Sc m8jDI WhD QIDmIScS !D clCh lhc CD8 . PS Mcgc Wcl
KucW, Wh8l 8!ISlS C8u S8j lhcj S8j Duj lhDugh lhc !DD [Cestultan] ,uDl Dj cl-
!Iug lh8! DIm 0clIVcI 8 mcSS8gc. PmDug lhc SDuICcS D cIIDI Iu lhc CDulcmQDI8Ij
Iu!cIQIcl8lIDu 8u0 CIIlIguc D 8I!WDIKS lhc mDSl 0IS8SlIDuS IS lhc CDuuSIDu D lhc
IulculIDu, Wh8l lhc 8IlISl SuQQDSc0j W8ulS lD S8j, WIlh lhc CDulcul [Cehu/tJD lhc
WDIK. 1u Ic8ClIDu, lhc CDulcul D !hc 8IlWDIK IS IuCIc8SIugj D0gc0 Iu Wh8l h8S uDl
Dccu C8lDcClc0 Dj lhc 8lISlS SuD]cClIVc IulculIDuS, WhcIc8S CDulcul IS DDCKc0 Iu
WDIKS Iu WhICh IulculIDu, WhclhcI 8S /uba/udocetDI 8S QhIDSDQhIC8 !DcSIS, 0c-
m8u0S QIIm8Cj. hc DD]cClIDu lh8l 8u 8IlWDIK IS lDD IcHcC!c0 IS uDl Duj I0cDDgj
Du! h8S IlS ccmcul D lIu!h Iu lhc WDIKS DcIug lD lIllc IcDcClc0. uDl IcHcClc0
8g8IuS! lhc IuCuISIDu D IlS DWu IulculIDu. hc QhIDDgIC8 QIDCc0uIc, WhICh
Im8gIucS lh8l Il g8SQS ScCuIcj lhc CDulcul D !hc WDIK Whcu Il gI8SQS I!S Iulcu-
lIDu, Q8SScS ]u0gmcul Imm8uculj Du I!Sc Iu lh8l Il l8ulDDgIC8j cXlI8ClS IDm
8IlWDIKS Wh8l W8S Qul IulD lhcm c8IlIcI, !hc ScCDu08Ij I!cI8luIc Du hDm8S
W8uu IS lDc mDSl IcQccul cX8mQc D lhIS. LI8ulc0, lhIS QI8ClICc IS DSlcIc0 Dj 8
gcuuIuc lcu0cuCj lh8l h8S IlS SDuICc Iu IlcI8luIc. 81Vc Immc0I8Cj 8u0 IlS Ilu-
SDIIucSS h8S DcCDmc lhIc80D8Ic DI IlcI8luIc, WhICh uD lDugcI 0IS8VDWS IcHcC-
lIDu 8u0 IS lhuS CDmQclc0 lD SUcug!hcu lhc 0ImcuSIDu D Iu!cu!IDu. hIS SuQQIcS
8u IulcIQIc!IVc mc!hD0 8Icu lD SQIIIl WIU 8u c8Sj SuIIDg8lc DI SQIIIl. 1l IS Iu-
CumDcul Du 8IlWDIKS, ]uS! 8S DCCuIIc0 Iu mD0cDISmS gIc8lcSl 8ChIcVcmcu!S, lD
LOHLKLNLLANUMLANN c ! 5!
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BO IBlcBlIOB, hOWcVcI Bc8lj QIcScBlc0, IS 8SSuIc0 O DcIBg Ic8IZc0 Dj lhc WOIK
SlI OBj 8 SluDDOD IIgOIISm WOu0 0ISQu8Ij IBlcBlIOB 8S 8B ccmcBl O lhc
WOIK. BlcBlIOBS h8Vc lhcII OCuS IB lhc 0I8cClIC DclWccB lhc mImclIC QOc O 8Il-
WOIKS 8B0 lhcII mclhcXIS IB cBIghlcBmcBl, IBlcBlIOBS h8Vc lhcII OCuS BOl OBj IB
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SImQj IBcII, IBlcBlIOBS 8Ic cB0OWc0 WIlh 8B IB0cQB0cBCc 8S SQcCIDC 8S lh8l O
8Dj OlhcI ccmcBl O lhc 8IlWOIK, OBc WOu0 Bcc0 lO IgBOIc lhc COmQcXIOB O Im-
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8Dc hISlOIIC8j, lhcII ImQOIl8BCc Sl8B0S IB Ic8lIOB lO IBlcBlIOB. m8lcII8 IB lhc
8IlWOIK IS lIuj IcSISl8Bl lO lhc 8IlWOIK S OlhcIWISc QuIc I0cBlIlj, lhc IBBcI QIOC
cSS O I0cBlIlj IB 8IlWOIKS IS cSScBlI8j lh8l DclWccB lhc m8lcII8 8B0 IBlcBlIOB.
IlhOul IBlcBlIOB, WIlhOul lhc Imm8BcBl OIm O lhc QIIBCIQc O I0cBlIlj, OIm
WOu0 BOl cXISl 8Bj mOIc lh8B Il WOu0 WIlhOul Ihc mImclIC ImQuSc. hc SuIQuS
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mImcSIS. hc OD]cClIVc DcmcI O IBlcBlIOBS, WhICh SjBIhcSIZcS lhc IB0IVI0u8 IB-
lcBlIOBS O 8IlWOIKS IBlO 8 WhOc, IS lhcII mc8BIBg. l Icm8IBS IccV8Bl IB SQIlc O
cVcIjlhIBg QIODcm8lIC IBhcIcBl lO Il 8B0 IB SQIlc O 8 lhc cVI0cBCc lh8l lhIS IS BOl
8 lhcIc IS lO 8IlWOIKS. hc mc8BIBg O LOclhc S Iphienie IS hum8DIlj. hlhIS
I0c8 WcIc mcIcj IBlcB0c0 8DSlI8Clj Dj lhc QOclIC SuD]cCl, I Il WcIc IB McgcS
WOI0S SImQj 8 m8XIm ~8S IB0cc0 Il IS IB bChIcI ~Il WOu0 Dc IIIccV8Dl lO lhc
WOIK. B lh8l, hOWcVcI, Dj mc8BS O 8Bgu8gc, hum8BIlj IlSc DcCOmcS mImclIC
IS IlSc cXQIcSSc0 IB lhc BOBCOBCcQlu8 WIlhOul S8CIIDCIBg IlS COBCcQlu8 cc-
mcBl~mc8nIBg 8ChIcVcS 8 HuIlu lcBSIOn lO Ihc WOIK S COBlcBl [Cehu/t] ,lO Wh8l
h8S DccB COmQOSc0. hc mc8BIBg O 8 QOcm SuCh 8S NcI8IBc S L8II 0c uBc
C8BBOl Dc uBIVOC8j cSl8DIShc0, jcl lhIS IS BOl lO S8j lh8l IlS mc8BIBg 0DS BOl
Ic8Ch DcjOB0 lhc IBCOmQ8I8Dc IcSOB8BCc O lhc VcIScS. hc QOcm S ScBSu8Ilj IS
IlSc 8B ccmcBl O IBlcBlIOB. M8QQIBcSS 8B0 S80BcSS, WhICh 8CCOmQ8Bj ScXu8Ilj
8S SOOB 8S Il 0cSCcB0S IBlO IlSc 8B0 Bcg8lcS SQIIIl 8S 8SCclIC, 8Ic lhc QOcm S COB
lcBl [Cehu/t] ,lhc D8WcSSj QIcScBlc0 I0c8 O ScBSu8Ilj 0IVOICc0 HOm ScBSuOuS
BcSS IS lhc mc8BIBg. hIS II8Il, CcBlI8 lO lhc WhOc O 8lc BIBclccBlh- 8B0 c8Ij
lWcBlIclh-CcBluIj IcBCh 8Il, IBCu0IBg LcDuSSj, COBl8IBS lhc QOlcBlI8 O I80IC8
mO0cDISm, 8B0 lhcIc IS BO 8CK O 8Clu8 hISlOIIC8 lIcS. LOBVcIScj, Il IS lhc Sl8Il
IBg QOIBl, lhOugh BOl lhc lcOS O CIIlICISm, WhcIhcI lhc IBlcBlIOB IS OD]cClIV8lc0 IB
Wh8l IS COmQOSc0, lhc 8ul IBcS DclWccB IBlcBlIOB 8B0 IcSul, I8Icj mISSIBg
IOm IcCcBl 8Il, 8Ic BO cSS CIQhcIS O lhc WOIK S COBlcBl lh8B IS lhc IcSul. P
hIghcI cVc O CIIlIQuc, hOWcVcI, lh8l O lhc lIulh OI uBlIulh O lhc COBlcBl, OcB
DcCOmcS Imm8BcBl CIIlIQuc lhIOugh lhc KBOWc0gc O lhc Ic8lIOB DclWccB IBlcB-
lIOB 8B0 Wh8l h8S DccB WIIllcB, Q8IBlc0, OI COmQOSc0. BlcBlIOB 0OcS BOl 8W8jS
l 2 . LOHLKLNLLANDMLANN
mISC8IIy 8S lDc IcSul D lDc Iu80cQu8lc DIm-_IVIu_ QDWcIS D lDc SuD]cCl. Dc
uulIulD D IulculIDu IulcIIuQlS lDc DD]cClIVc lIulD CDulcul. WD8l IS SuQQDSc0 lD
Dc lIulD CDulcul IS Iu IlSc uulI0c, lD8l QIDDIDIlS IuucI CDuSISlcuCy. buCD uulIulD
lcu0S lD Dc mc0I8lc0 Dy lDc uuUulD D lDc IulculIDu, 8S IS 8QQ8Icul 8l lDc DI_DcSl
cVc D DIm Iu 8_ucIS muSIC. ~DI lI80IlIDu8 8cSlDclICS, 8u0 lD 8 8I_c cX-
lcul DI U80IlIDu8 8Il 8S Wc, lDc 0clcImIu8lIDu D lDc lDl8Ily D lDc 8WDIX IS IlS
0clcImIu8lIDu 8S 8 ucXuS D mc8uIu_. Dc IcCIQIO8 Ic8lIDu D WDDc 8u0 Q8IlS IS
SuQQDSc0 lD SD8Qc lDc WDIX 8S SDmclDIu_ mc8uIu_H lD SuCD 8u cXlcul lD8l lDc
QuIulcSScuCc D lDIS mc8uIu_ CDIuCI0cS WIlD lDc mcl8QDySIC8 CDulcul. cC8uSc
lDc ucXuS D mc8uIu_ IS CDuSlIlulc0 Dy lDc Ic8lIDu D ccmculS~8u0 uDl Iu 8lDm-
ISlIC 8SDIDu Iu SDmclDIu_ _IVcu lD8l IS ScuSu8~WD8l C8u ]uSly Dc C8c0 lDc
SQIIIl D 8IlWDIXS SDDu0 Dc CDmQIcDcuSIDc Iu lD8l ucXuS. D8l lDc SQIIIl D 8u 8Il
WDIX IS lDc CDuD_uI8lIDu D IlS ccmculS IS mDIc lD8u 8 Sc0uClIVc I0c8, Il 8ll8IuS IlS
lIuU Iu lDc 8Cc D 8 CIu0c IcIHC8lIDu DI m8lcII8IZ8lIDu D lDc SQIIIl 8u0 CDulcul
D 8IlWDIXS. LIIcCly DI Iu0IIcCly cVcIylDIu_ lD8l 8QQc8IS Iu lDc WDIX CDuUIDulcS
lD SuCD mc8uIu_, lDDu_D uDl 8 lD8l 8QQc8IS IS ucCcSS8IIy D cQu8 ImQDIl8uCc.
Dc cSl8DISDmcul D Ic8lIVc ImQDIl8uCc W8S Duc D lDc mDSl ccClIVc mc8uS DI
8cSlDclIC 8IlICu8lIDu, 8S IS DDVIDuS cuDu_D Iu lDc 0IcIculI8lIDu DclWccu lDclIC
m3u cVculS 8u0 lI8uSIlIDuS, 8u0 DclWccu lDc cSSculI8 8u0 8CCI0cul8 ycl IcQuI-
SIlc ccmculS. DcSc 0IcIculI8lIDuS Iu U80IlIDu8 Ml WcIc 8I_cy 0clcImIuc0
SCDcm8lIC8y. IlD lDc CIIlIQuc D SCDcm8lIC DI_8uIZ8lIDu, lhc 0IcIculI8lIDuS
DcCDmc 0uDIDuS. P lcu0S lDW8I0 QIDCcSScS Iu WDICD cVcIylDIu_ lD8l DCCuIS IS
cQuI0ISl8ul lD lDc mI0QDIul, WDcIc cVcIylDIu_ 8CCI0cul8 8IDuScS lDc SuSQICIDu D
DcIng 8uQcOuOu8y OD8mcnl8. hI8 I8 Onc O! lhc mO8t ImQDSIu_ dIDCutIc8 Iu
Uc 8IlICu!8lIDu D IcCcul 8Il. PIlS IucXDI8Dc Sc-CIIlICISm, lDc IcQuIIcmcul D
0IDSScSS CDmQDSIlIDu, uu0cISCDIcS lDIS 0ICuly 8u0 QIDmDlcS CD8DS, lDc cVcI
uIXIu_ QIcCDu0IlIDu D 8 8Il. LVcu Iu WDIXS WIlD lDc DI_DcSl cVc D DIm, lDc
CIISIS D 0IDcIculI8lIDu D8S IcQuculy IcSulc0 Iu 8 0ImcuSIDu D uDu0IcIculI8-
lIDu. LDIlS lD 0ccu0 8_8IuSl lDIS D8Vc 8mDSl WIlDDul cXCcQlIDu, lDDu_D Dlcu 8-
lculy, D80 IcCDuISc lD DDIIDWIu_S IDm lDc 8cSlDclIC IcSDuICcS lD8l lDcy DQQDSc
LVcu DcIc lDc lDl8 0DmIu8UDu D lDc m8lcII8 8u0 mDVcmcul lDW8I0 0IuScucSS
CDuVcI_c.
D8l 8IlWDIXS, Iu 8CCDI0 WIlD 8ulS m8_uIDCculy Q8I80DXIC8 DImu8, 8Ic QuI-
QDSccSS, lD8l lDcy 8Ic ScQ8I8lc0 IDm cmQIIIC8 Ic8Ily 8u0 ScIVc uD 8Im lD8l IS
uScu DI Sc-QIcScIV8lIDu 8u0 Ic, QIcCu0cS C8Iu_ 8IlS mc8uIu_ IlS QuIQDSc,
0cSQIlc mc8uIu_S 8D uIly lD Imm8ucul lccDD_y. 3cl Il DcCDmcS cVcI D8I0cI DI
8IlWDIXS lD CDDcIc 8 8 ucXuS D mc8uIu_. \lIm8lcy Ucy IcSQDu0 lD lDIS Dy
Ic]cClIu_ Uc VcIy CDuCcQl D mcMIu_. Dc mDIc lDc cm8uCIQ8lIDu D lDc SuD]cCl
0cmDISDc0 cVcIy I0c8 D 8 QIccSl8DISDc0 DI0cI CDucIIIu_ mc8uIu_, lDc mDIc 0u-
DIDuS lDc CDuCcQl D mc8uIu_ DcC8mc 8S lDc IcH_c D 8 80Iu_ lDcDD_y. LVcu
QIIDI lD PuSCDWIlZ Il W8S 8u 8DIm8lIVc Ic, _IVcu DISlDIIC8! cXQcIIcuCc, lD 8SCIIDc
8uy QDSIlIVc mc8uIu_ lD cXISlcuCc. DIS D8S CDuScQucuCcS lD8l Ic8CD 0ccQ IulD
LOHLKLNLLANUMLANIN ' !J
8cSlhclIC OD. hcu MlWOIKS h8Vc uOlhIug cXlcD8 lO lhcmScVcS lO WhICh lhcj
C8u CIug WIlhOul I0cOOgj, Wh8l lhcj h8Vc OSl C8uuOl Dc IcSlOIc0 Dj 8Bj SuD]cC-
lIVc 8Cl. l W8S WIQ0 Oul Dj lhcII lcu0cuCj lOW8I0 SuD]cClIVIZ8lIOu, WhICh W8S uO
CuluIM-hISlOIIC8 8CCI0cul Dul COuODHS I8lhcI WIlh lhc lIuc Sl8lc O lhIugS. LIIlI-
C8 SC-IcHclIOu, IuhcIcul Iu cVcIj 8IlWOIK, Sh8QcuS lhc WOIKS ScuSIlIVIlj uOl
Ouj lOW8I0 cVcIj ccmcul lh8l SUcuglhcuS U80IlIOu8 mc8uIug Dul 8SO 8g8IuSl
lhc WOIK S Imm8ucul mc8uIug 8u0 lhOSc O IlS C8lcgOOcS lh8l QIOVI0c mc8uIug.
OI lhc mc8uIug U8l IS lhc SjulhcSIS O lhc 8IlWOIK C8uuOl mcIcj D SOmclhIug
lh8l Il h8S m8uu8CluIc0, IlS guIulcSScuCc. Pl lhc S8mc lImc lhc lOl8Ilj O lhc
WOIK QIcSculS mc8uIug 8u0 QIO0uCcS Il 8cSUclIC8j, Il IcQIO0uCcS Il. Nc8uIug IS
Ouj cgIlIm8lc Iu Uc MWOIK IuSO8I 8S Il IS OD]cClIVcj mOIc lh8u lhc WOIK S
OWu mc8uIug. u lh8l 8IlWOIKS IcculcSSj ChIQ 8W8j 8l lhc ucXuS Iu WhICh mc8u-
Iug IS Ouu0c0, lhcj luH 8g8IuSl lhIS ucXuS 8u0 8g8IuSl mc8uIug 8lOgclhcI. hc
uuCOuSCIOuS 8DOI O lhc 8IlISlIC ineniamOu lhc mc8uIug O lhc WOIK 8S Ou SOmc-
lhIug SuDSl8ulI8 8u0 cu0uIIug lI8uSCcu0S lhIS mc8uIug. hc 80V8uCc0 QIO0uClIOu
O IcCcul 0cC80cS h8S DcCOmc Sc-COuSCIOuS O lhIS ISSuc, h8S m80c Il lhcm8HC
8u0 lI8uS8lc0 Il IulO lhc SuCluIc O 8IlWOIKS. l IS c8Sj lO COuVICl ucO0808ISm O
8 8CK O QOIlIC8 ImQOIl 8u0 0ISmISS Il 8S mc8uIugcSS M0 QuIQOSccSS Iu cVcIj
ScuSc O lhc WOI0. ul lO 0O SO IS lO OIgcl lh8l IlS QIO0uClS IulhcSSj 0cmOuSlI8lc
lhc 8lc O mc8uIug WIlhOul 8uj IcgM0 lO lhcmScVcS 8S 8IlWOIKS. cCKcll S
OcuVIc 8Ic80j QIcSuQQOScS lhIS cXQcIIcuCc O lhc 0cSlIuClIOu O mc8uIug 8S Sc-
cVI0cul, jcl 8SO QuShcS Il DcjOu0 mc8uIug S 8DSlI8Cl ucg8lIOu Iu lh8l hIS Q8jS
OICc lhc lI80IlIOu8 C8lcgOIIcS O 8Il lO uu0cIgO lhIS cXQcIIcuCc, COuCDlcj SuS-
Qcu0 lhcm, 8u0 cXlI8QO8lc OlhcIS Oul O lhc uOlhIugucSS. hc 0I8cClIC8 IcVcIS8
lh8l OCCuIS IS ODVIOuSj uOl 8 0cIIV8lIVc O lhcOOgj, WhICh 8W8jS hc8VcS 8 SIgh
O IcIc WhcucVcI IlS COuCcDS 8Ic lIc8lc0 Iu 8uj W8j, uO m8llcI Wh8l lhc VcI0ICl,
8s ! 8l UC Cud O lhC luuuc O mcl8hySIC8 mc8uIugcSSucSS~lhc IcScul8lIOu
O lhc WOI0 8S hc 8 Ighl gImmcIS, LuulhcI Pu0cIS W8S IIghl lO 0ccu0
cCKcll 8g8IuSl lhOSc WhO m8Kc hIS WOIKS Oul lO Dc 8Du8lIVc. cCKcll S Q8jS
8Ic 8DSuI0 uOl DcC8uSc O lhc 8DScuCc O 8uj mc8uIug, OI lhcu lhcj WOu0 Dc SIm-
Qj IDccV8ul, Dul DcC8uSc lhcj Qul mc8uIug Ou lII8, lhcj uuO0 IlS hISlOIj. MIS
WOIK IS Iucd 8S muCh Dj 8B ODScSSIOu WIlh QOSIlIVc uOlhIugucSS 8S Dj Uc ODScS-
SIOu WIlh 8 mcMIugcSSucSS lh8l h8S 0cVcOQc0 hISlOIIC8j 8u0 IS lhuS Iu 8 ScuSc
mcIIlc0, UOugh lhIS mcIIlc0ucSS Iu uO W8j 8OWS 8Bj QOSIlIVc mc8uIug lO Dc Ic-
C8Imc0. PcVcIlhccSS lhc cm8uCIQ8lIOu O 8IlWOIKS IOm lhcII mc8uIug DcCOmcS
8cSlhclIC8j mc8uIugu OuCc lhIS cm8uCIQ8lIOu IS Ic8IZc0 Iu lhc 8cSlhclIC m8lcI-
I8 QIcCIScj DC8uSc lhc 8cSlhclIC mc8uIug IS uOl Immc0I8lcj Ouc WIU lhcOOgI
C8 mc8uIug. PIlWOIKS lh8l 0IVcSl lhcmScVcS O 8uj ScmD8BCc O mc8BIug 0O
uOl lhcIcDj OIcIl lhcII SImIIlu0c lO 8ugu8gc. hcj cuuuCI8lc lhcII mc8uIugcSS-
ucSS WIlh lhc S8mc 0clcImIu8Cj 8S U80IlIOu8 8IlWOIKS cuuuCI8lc lhcII QOSIlIVc
mc8uIug. 1O08j lhIS IS lhc C8Q8CIlj O 8Il. hIOugh lhc COuSISlcul ucg8lIOu O
mc8BIug Il 0DS ]uSlICc lO lhc QOSlu8lcS lh8l OuCc COuSlIlulc0 lhc mcMIug O 8Il-
l54 c COHKLNCL AND MEANNG
WDIXS. DIXS D lhc hIghcSl cVc D DIm lh8l 8Ic mc8uIugcSS DI 8Icu lD mc8u-
Iug 8Ic lhcIcDH mDIc lh8u SImQj mc8uIugcSS DcC8uSc lhcj g8Iu lhcII CDulcul
[6hul| lhIDugh lhc ucg8UDu D mc8uIug. PIlWDIX lh8l IIgDIDuSj ucg8lcS mc8u-
Iug IS Dj lhIS VcIj IIgDI DDuu0 lD lhc S8mc 0cuSIlj 8u0 uuIlj lh8l W8S DuCc IcQ-
uISIlc lD lhc QIcScuCc D mc8uIug. PIlWDIXS DcCDmc ucXuScS D mc8uIug, cVcu
8g8IuSl lhcII WI, lD Ihc cXlcul U8l Ihcj ucg8lc mc8uIug. PlhDugh lhc CIISIS D
mc8uIug IS IOlc0 Iu 8 QIDDcm8lIC CDmmDu lD 8 8Il, lhc 8IuIc Iu lhc 8Cc D I8-
lIDu8Ilj, IcDcClIDu IS uu8Dc lD IcQIcSS lhc QucSUDu WhclhcI 8Il 0DS uDl QcIh8QS,
lhIDugh lhc 0cmDIlIDu D mc8uIug, lDIDW IlSc IulD lhc 8ImS D QIcCIScj lh8l
WhICh SDXcS DI0Iu8Ij CDuSCIDuSucSS 8S 8DSuI0, lhc QDSIlIVISlIC8j IcIDc0 CDu-
SCIDuSucSS. hc 0IVI0Iug Iuc DclWccu 8ulhculIC M lh8l l8XcS Du IlSc lhc CIISIS D
mc8RIug 8u0 8 IcSIguc0 8Il CDuSISlIug IlcI8j 8u0 DguI8lIVcj D QIDlDCD Scu-
lcuCcS IS lh8l Iu SIguIDC8ul WDIXS lhc ucg8lIDu D mc8uIug IlSc l8XcS Sh8Qc 8S 8
ucg8IIVc, WhcH8S Iu lhc DlhcIS Uc ucg8lIDu D mc8uIug IS SluDDDDj 8u0 QDSI-
lIVcj IcQIC8lc0. LVcIjlhIug 0cQcu0S Du UIS. WhcIhcI mc8uIug IuhcIcS Iu lhc
ucg8IIDu D mc8uIug Iu lhc 8IlWDIX DI I Ihc ucg8lIDu CDuDImS lD Ihc Sl8luS QuD,
WhcIhcI lhc CIISIS D mc8uIug IS IcHcClc0 Iu lhc WDIXS DI WhclhcI Il Icm8IuS Im-
mc0I8lc 8u0 lhcIcDH 8Icu lD lhc SuD]cCl. cj cVculS m8j IuCu0c CcIl8Iu muSIC8
WDIXS SuCh 8 L8gcS I8uD LDuCcIlD, WhICh ImQDSc Du lhcmScVcS 8 8W D Iu cX-
DI8Dc 8c8lDIIucSS 8u0 IhcIcDj 8ChIcVc 8 SDIl D mc8uIug. lhc cXQIcSSIDu D hDI-
IOI. h8l gDVcDS cCXcllS WDIX, CcH8Iuj, IS 8 Q8ID0IC uuIlj D lImc, Q8Cc, 8u0
8ClIDu, CDmDIuc0 WIlh 8Ilj Dllc0 8u0 D88uCc0 cQISD0cS 8u0 8 C8l8SUDQhc U8l
CDuSISlS SDcj Iu Ihc 8Cl Ih8l Il ucVcI l8XcS Q8Cc. Iuj, Duc D Ihc cuIgm8S D M,
8nd CVIdCnCC o lhC orCC o Il8 logIC8lIly, I8 lh8l 8ll t8dIC8 Con8I8lCnCy, CVCn lh8l
C8c0 8DSuI0, CumIu8lcS Iu SImIIld0c lD mc8uIug. hIS, hDWcVcI, IS uDl CDuDI-
m8lIDu D mcl8QhjSIC8 SuDSl8RlI8Ilj, lD WhICh cVcIj lhDIDughj DImc0 WDIX
WDu0 8j C8Im 8S CDuHIm8lIDu D IlS IuSDIIucSS. 1lIm8lcj, M IS ScmD8uCc Iu
lh8l, Iu lhc mI0Sl D mc8uIugcSSucSS, Il IS uu8Dc lD cSC8Qc Ihc SuggcSlIDu D mc8u-
Iug. PIlWDIXS, DDWcVcI, lh8l ucg8lc mc8uIug muSl 8SD ucCcSS8IIj Dc 0ISIdQlc0
Iu IhcII uuIlj, lhIS IS lhc uClIDu D mDul8gc, WhICh 0IS8VDWS uuIlj lDIDugh lhc
cmcIgIug 0ISQ8I8lcucSS D lhc Q8IlS 8l Uc S8mc lImc Ih8l, 8 8 QIIuCIQc D DIm, Il
Ic8HImS uRIlj. hc Ic8lIDu DclWccu lhc lcChuIQuc D mDul8gc 8u0 QhDlDgI8Qhj
IS 8mII8I. NDul8gc h8S IlS 8QQIDQII8lc Q8Cc Iu Hm. hc Su00cu, 0ISCDulIuuDuS
]uXl8QDSIlIDu D ScQucuCcS, c0IlIug cmQDjc0 8S 8u 8IlISlIC mc8uS, W8ulS lD ScIVc
IulculIDuS WIIhDul 08m8gIug lhc IulcuIIDucSSucSS D Ic 8 Il IS, WhICh IS lhc 8C-
lu8 IulcIcSl D Hm. Lu uD 8CCDuul IS Uc QIIuCIQc D mDul8gc 8 UICX lD IulcgI8lc
QhDlDgI8Qhj 8u0 IlS 0cIIV8lIVcS IulD 8H 0cSQIlc lhc ImIl8lIDuS 0cDuc0 Dj lhcII
0cQcu0cuCc Du cmQIIIC8 Ic8Ilj. 8lhcI, mDul8gc gDcS DcjDu0 QhDlDgI8Qhj Im-
m8Rculj WIlhDul IuDD8lIug Il WIlh 8 8CIc SDICcIj, Dul 8SD WIlhDul S8uClIDuIug
8 8 uDIm IlS SI8luS 8S 8 lhIug. hIS QhDlD@8Qhj S Sc-CDDcClIDu. NDuI8gc DIIgI-
u8lc0 Iu 8ulIlhcSIS lD mO0-80cu M, QIIm8IIj ImQIcSSIDuISm. mQIcSSIDuISm
0ISSDVc0 DD]cClS-0I8Wu QIImMIj Dm lhc SQhcIc D lcChuIC8 CIVIIZ8lIDu DI IlS
COHLKLNCLANDMLANNG c l
8m8l_8mS WIlh B8luIcIBlO lhcIISm8llcSl ccmcBlS IB OI0cI lO SyBlhcSIZc lhcm
_8QlcSSyIBlOlhc0yB8mICCOBlIBuum.1lW8Blc08cSlhclIC8lylOIc0ccmlhc 8IcB-
8lc0 8B0 hclcIO_cBOuS IB lhc IcQIC8. hc COBCcQlIOB QIOVc0 cVcI cSS 80cQu8lc
lhc mOIc IBlcBSc lhcSuQcIIOIIlyOlhcIcIDc0QIOS8ICWOIl0OVcIlhclIVIB_SuD]cCl
DcC8mc. hc SuD]cClIVIZ8lIOB O OD]cClIVc Ic8lIly Ic8QSc0 IBlO IOm8BlICISm, 8S
W8S SOOB D8l8Bly ODVIOuS BOl OBly IB 1aendsti/ Dul 8SO IB lhc 8lcI Sl8_cS O
8ulhcBlIC ImQIcSSIOBISm.1lW8S 8_8IBSllhISlh8lmOBl8_cQIOlcSlc0,WhICh0cVc-
OQc0OulOlhc Q8Slc0-IB BcWSQ8QcICIQQIB_S8B0lhc lIKc0uIIB_lhchcIOIC yc8IS
OCuDISm.hcScmD8BCcQIOVI0c0Dy8II,lh8llhIOu_hIhc8ShIOBIB_OlhchclcID
_cBcOuSy cmQIIIC8l Il W8S IcCOBCIc0 WIlh Il, W8S lO Dc DIOKcB Dy lhc WOIK 80-
mIllIB_ IBlO IlScl IlcI8l, IluSIOBlcSS IuIBS O cmQIIIC8l Ic8lIly,lhcIcDy 8CKBOWl-
c0_IB_lhcDSSuIc8B0lI8BSOImIB_IlOIQuIQOScSO8cSUclICccCl.P W8BlSlO
80mIl IlS QOWcIlcSSBcSS VIS-8-VIS 8lc-C8QIl8ISl lOl8lIly 8B0 lO IBIlI8lc IlS 8DIO-
_8lIOB. NOBl8_c IS lhc IBBcI-8cSlhclIC C8QIlu8lIOB O8II lO Wh8l Sl8B0S hclcD-
_cBcOuSly OQQOSc0 lO Il.hc Bc_8lIOB O SyBlhcSIS DcCOmcS 8QIIBCIQlc OOIm.
1B lhIS,mOBl8_c uBCOBSCIOuSy l8KcS IlS lc80 IOm 8BOmIB8lISlICulOQI8. OBc IB
WhIChlhcQuIc8ClS 8Ic mc0I8lc0 Dy BcIlhcI OIm BOICOBCcQl 8B0IIIcmc0I8Dy
0IVcSl lhcmSclVcS OlhcII 8ClICIly. hc 8ClS lhcmSclVcS 8Ic lO Dc 0cmOBSlI8lc0
IB 0cIClIC8l 8ShIOB,8ScQISlcmOlO_y C8S Il.hc8IlWOIKW8BlS lO m8Kclhc 8ClS
cOQucBlDylcllIB_ lhcm SQc8KOIlhcmSclVcS. PIllhcIcDy Dc_IBS lhc QIOCcSS O
0cSuOyIB_ lhc 8IlWOIK 8S 8BcXuS O mc8BIB_.OIlhc DISl lImc IB lhc 0cVcOQ-
mcBlO8II,8DXc00cDIIS Clc8VcS VISIDlcSC8IS IBlhc WOIK Smc8BIB_.hISDIIB_S
mOBl8_cIBlO8muChDIO80cICOBlcXl.PlmO0cD8Il8lcI ImQIcSSIOBISm,QIOD8-
Dy IBCu0IB_ cVcB lhc I80IC8l m8BIcSl8lIOBS O cXQIcSSIOBISm, h8S 8D]uIc0 lhc
ScmDl8BCc O 8 COBlIBuum _IOuB0c0 IB lhc uBIly O SuD]cClIVc cXQcIIcBCc, IB
lhc `SlIc8m OlIVc0 cXQcIIcBCc. hc IBlcIIWIBcmcBl,lhc OI_8BIC COmmIB_lIB_,
ISScVcIc0,Ihc8Ilh 0cSlIOyc0lh8lOBclhIB_mcI_cSWhO!!yWIlhlhcOlhcI,uBlcSS
lhc IBlcIlWIBcmcBl DcCOmcS SO 0cBSc 8B0 IBlIIC8lc 8S lO ODSCuIc mc8BIB_ COm-
Qlclcy.hIS ISCOmQlcmcBlc0Dylhc 8cSlhclIC QIIBCIQc OCOBSlIuClIOB,lhcDuBl
QDm8Cy O 8 Ql8BBc0 WhOc OVcI lhc 0cl8IS 8B0 lhcII IBlcICOBBcClIOB IB lhc
mICIOSlIuCluIc, IBlcImSOlhIS mICIOSuuCluIc 8lmO0cD8Il m8yDcC8lc0mOB-
l8_c. h8lcVcI IS uBIBlc_I8lc0 IS COmQIcSSc0 Dy lhc SuDOI0IB8lIB_ 8ulhOIIly O
lhc WhOc SO lh8l lhc lOl8IlyCOmQclS lhc 8IlIB_ COhcIcBCc Olhc Q8IlS 8B0 lhuS
hOWcVcI OBCc 8_8IB 8SScIlS lhc ScmD8BCc O mc8BIB_. hIS 0ICl8lc0 uBIly COI-
IcClS IlScIB8CCOI0WIlh lhc lcB0cBCIcS Olhc0cl8IlS IBmO0cD8Il,Uc`IBSlIBC-
lu8 Ic OSOuB0S OICOOIS, IB muSIC, OI cX8mQc,IB 8CCOI0 WIlh lhch8ImOBIC
8B0mclO0IC0cm8B0lh8lCOmQclc uSc Dc m80c Olhc 8V8Il8Dlc lOBcS OUcChIO-
m8lIC SC8c.LcIl8IBy,lhIS lcB0cBCy IB luD 0cIIVcSIOmlhclOl8lIlyOlhc m8lcI-
I8l,HOmlhc 8V8Il8Dlc SQcCUm,8B0 IS 0cDBc0 Dylhc SySlcm I8lhcIlh8B 8Clu8ly
DcIB_ SQOBl8BcOuS. hc I0c8 O mOBl8_c 8B0 lh8l OlcChBOO_IC8l COBSlIuClIOB,
WhIChIS IBScQ8I8Dlc IOm Il,DcCOmcS IIIcCOBCIl8Dlc WIlhlhcI0c8OlhcI80IC8,
uly OImc0 MlWOIK WIlh WhICh Il W8S OBCcIcCO_BIZc0 8S DcIB_ I0cBlIC8l. hc
lL LOHLKLNLLANMLANN
QIIuCIQlc D mDul8gc W8S CDuCcIVc0 8S 8u 8Cl 8g8IuSl 8 SuIIcQlIlIDuSlj 8ChIcVc0
DIg8uIC uuIlj, Il W8S mc8ul lD ShDCK. LuCc lhIS ShDCK IS uculI8IZc0, lht 8SScm-
Dl8gc DuCc mDIc DcCDmcS mcIclj Iu0IcIcul m8lcII8, lhc lcChuIguc uD lDugcI
SuCcS lD UIggcI CDmmuuIC8lIDu DclWccu lhc 8cSlhclIC 8u0 lhc cXlI8-8cSlhclIC,
8u0 IlS IulcHSl 0WIu0lcS lD 8 CulluI8l-hISlDIIC8l CuIIDSIlj. 1, hDWcVcI, 8S Iu lhc
CDmmcICI8l hlm, lhc IulculIDuS D mDul8gc 8Ic IuSISlc0 uQDu, lhcj 8Ic ]8IIIuglj
hc8Vj-h8u0c0. LIIlICISm D lhc QIIuCIQlc D mDul8gc h8S ImQlIC8lIDuS DI CDu-
SUuClIVISm, Iu WhICh mDul8gc h8S C8mDuD8gc0 IlScl, QIcCISclj DcC8uSc CDuSlIuC-
lIVISl DIm SuCCcc0S Dulj 8l lhc CDSl D lhc Iu0IVI0u8l ImQulSc, ullIm8lclj lhc
mImclIC clcmcul. PS 8 IcSull, CDuSUuClIVISm IS 8lW8jS Iu 08ugcI D I8llIug cmQ-
lIlj. Such/ichkeit IlScl, 8S Il IS IcQIcSculc0 Dj CDuSUuClIVISm WIlhIu lhc DDuu0S
D uDuuuClIDu8 8Il, IS SuD]cCl lD lhc CIIlIguc D ScmDl8uCc. h8l Cl8ImS lO Dc
SUIClj 80cgu8lc lD IlS QuIQDSc 8lS DcC8uSc lhc WDIK S DIm8lIVc QIDCcSS IulcI-
cIcS WIlh lhc ImQulScS D Wh8l IS lD Dc DImc0, 8u Imm8ucul QuIQDSculucSS IS
Cl8Imc0 lh8l IS Iu 8Cl uDuc 8l 8ll, Iu lh8l lhc WDIK lclS lhc lclcDlDgj D lhc Q8IlICu-
l8I clcmculS 8lIDQhj. Such/ichkeitluDS Dul lD Dc I0cDlDgj. hc 0IDSSlcSS uuIlj lD
WhICh Such/ichkeitDI lhc lcChuIC8l 8IlWDIK QIclcu0S IS ucVcI 8ChIcVc0. 1u lhDSc~
80mIllc0lj mIuIm8l ~hDllDWS lh8l cXISl DclWccu 8ll Q8lICul8 clcmculS Iu CDu-
SUuClIVISl WDIKS, Wh8l h8S Dccu Sl8u08I0IZc0 8u0 DDuu0 lDgclhcI DIc8KS 8Q8Il Iu
]uSl lhc S8mc W8j 8S 0D SuQQIcSSc0 Iu0IVI0u8l IulcIcSlS uu0cI lDl8l 80mIuISU8lIDu.
PlcI lhc 0c8ull D 8uj hIghcI, SuDOI0Iu8lIug ]uIIS0IClIDu, lhc QIDCcSS DclWccu
lhc WhDlc 8u0 lhc Q8IlICul8I h8S Dccu luDc0 D8CK lD 8 lDWcI CDuIl, lD lhc ImQulSc
D lhc 0cl8IlS lhcmSclVcS, Iu 8CCDI0 WIlh lhc uDmIu8ISlIC SIlu8lIDu. Pl UIS QDIul,
M IS COuCcIV8Dc ODlj Ou lhc COudIlIOu lh8l 8uj QD_IVcu SuDOI0Iu8lIug Sl8u08I0
Dc cXClu0c0. hc DlcmIShcS lh8l Iu0clIDlj mIK QuIclj cXQIcSSIVc, DIg8uIC WDIKS
DcI 8u M8lDgj lD lhc 8ulIDIg8uIC QI8XIS D mDul8gc. hIS DIIugS 8u 8ulIuDmj
IulD OCuS. PIlWDIKS lh8l 8Ic CDmmcuSuI8Dlc lD 8cSlhclIC cXQcIIcuCc 8Ic mc8uIug-
ul IuSD8I 8S lhcj HlDll 8u 8cSlhclIC ImQcI8lIVc. lhc IcguIIcmcul lh8l cVcIjlhIug
Dc IcguIIc0. hIS I0c8l, hDWcVcI, IS 0IIcCllj DQQDSc0 Dj lhc 0cVclDQmcul lh8l Il Il-
Scl Scl Iu mDlIDu. PDSDlulc 0clcImIu8lIDu WhICh SlIQul8lcS lh8l cVcIjlhIug IS
ImQDIl8ul lD 8u cgu8l 0cgIcc 8u0 lh8l uDlhIug m8j Icm8Iu cXlcD8l lO lhc IuucI
ucXuS D lhc WDIKCDuVcIgcS, 8S LjIgj LIgclI QcICcIVc0, WIlh 8DSDlulc 8IDI-
U8IucSS. hIS gu8WS 8W8j IcUDSQcClIVclj 8l 8cSlhclIC l8WulucSS. 1l 8lW8jS h8S
8u clcmcul D QDSIlc0ucSS, D g8mc IulcS 8u0 CDulIugcuCj. bIuCc lhc DcgIuuIug D
lhc mD0cD 8gc, mDSl uDl8Dlj Iu ScVculcculh-CculuIj LulCh Q8IulIug 8u0 lhc c8Ilj
uglISh uDVcl, 8D h8S 8DSDIDc0 CDulIugcul clcmculS D l8u0SC8Qc 8u0 8lc lh8l
WcIc uDl 8S SuCh CDuSUu8Dlc Dul D 8uj DVcI8IChIug crdcOI I0c8 D lIc Iu DI0cI lD
Dc 8Dlc lD gI8ul lhcm mc8uIug Icclj WIlhIu lhc 8cSlhclIC CDulIuuum. llIm8lclj,
hDWcVcI, lhc ImQDSSIDIlIlj D 8uj SuD]cClIVclj cSl8DlIShc0 DD]cClIVIlj D mc8uIug,
WhICh W8S hI00cu DVcI lhc lDug cQDChS D lhc IISc D lhc DDuIgcDISIc, 8D8u0Duc0
lhc ucXuS D mc8uIug IlScl lD lh8l VcIj CDulIugcuCj WhDSc m8SlcIj DuCc 0chuc0
DIm. hc 0cVclDQmcul lDW8I0 lhc ucg8lIDu D mc8uIug IS Wh8l mc8uIug 0c-
COHLKLNCLANUMLANN | I7
ScIVc0. MDWcVcI, lhD0_h lhIS 0cVcDQmcul IS IucVIl8Dc 8u0 h8S IlS DWu U0U, Il IS
8CCDmQ8uIc0 Dj 8 hDSlIIlj lD 8 lD8l IS, 8lhD0_h uDl lD lhc S8mc cXlcul, u8DDW
mIu0c0j mcCh8uISlIC 8u0, Iu lcImS D IlS QIDQcuSIlj, IcQIIV8lIZIu_, lhIS 0cVcDQ-
mcBl IS 8Ic0 WIlh lhc cI80IC8lIDu D 8cSlhclIC S0D]cClIVIlj Dj VIH0c D IlS DWu
D_IC. b0D]cClIVIlj IS m80c lD Q8j !hc QIICc DI lhc QID00ClIDu D lhc 0uU0lh D
8cSlhclIC ScmD8uCc. LVcu SD-C8c0 8DS0I0 IlcI8l0Ic Q8HICIQ8lcS Iu lhIS 0I8cClIC
Iu lhc WDIK D IlS mDSl ImQDI!8ul IcQIcScul8lIVcS, Iu lh8l 8S 8 ucX0S D mc8uIu_
DI_8uIZc0 lccDD_IC8j Iu IlSc Il cXQIcSScS lhc 8DScuCc D mc8uIu_ 80 !h0S
lhID0_h 0clcImIu8lc uc_8lIDB m8Iul8IuS Uc C8lc_DIj D mc8uIu_, !hIS IS Wh8l
m8KcS IlS IulcIQIcl8lIDu QDSSIDc, Iu0cc0, 0cm8u0S Il.
L8lc_DIIcS S0Ch 8S 0uIlj, DI cVcu h8ImDuj, h8Vc uDl lI8CccSSj V8uIShc0 8S 8 Ic-
S0l D lhc CIIlIg0c D mc8uIu_. hc 0clcImIu8lc 8ulIlhcSIS D Iu0IVI008 8IlWDIKS
lDW8I0 cmQIIIC8 Ic8Ilj HtlhcIS lhc CDhcIcBCc D lhDSc 8IlWDIKS. LlhcIWISc lDc
_8QS Iu !Dc WDIKS S!I0Cl0Ic WD00 Dc IuV80c0, 8S DCC0IS Iu mDul8_c, Dj lhc 0u-
WIc0j m8lcII8 8_8IuSl WhICh Il QIDlcClS IlSc. JIS IS Wh8l IS U0c Iu lhc U80I-
lIDu8 CDuCcQl D h8ImDuj. h8l S0IVIVcS D lhIS CDuCcQl 8lcI lhc uc_8lIDu D lhc
C0Iu8Ij h8S IclI8Clc0 lD lhc C8lc_DIj D lhc WhDc, cVcu !hD0_h !hc WhDc uD
Du_cI l8KcS QIcCc0cuCc DVcI lhc 0cl8IS. PlhD0_h 8Il IcVDlS 8_8IuSl I!8 uc0U8-
IZ8lIDu 8S 8u DD]cCl D CDulcmQ8lIDu, IuSISlIu_ Du lDc mDSl cXUcmc IuCDhcIcuCc
8u0 0ISSDu8uCc, lhcSc ccmcBlS 8Ic lhDSc D 0uIlj, WIlhD0l UIS 0uIlj lhcj WD00
uDl cVcu Dc 0ISSDu8uI. VcB Whcu 8t! 0uIcScIVc0j DDcjS !hc 0ICl8lcS D IuSQII8-
lIDu, lhc QDuCIQc D h8ImDuj, mcl8mDIQhDSc0 lD lhc QDIul D 00tcCD_uIZ8DIIlj,
IS 8l WDIK, DcC80Sc IBSQII8lIDB, I Il IS lD CD0ul, m0Sl _c, lh8l l8CI!j QIcS0QQDScS
8u ccmcul D DI_8uIZ8lIDu 8u0 CDhcIcuCc, 8l c8Sl 8S 8 V8uIShIu_ QDIul. PcSlhclIC
cXQcIIcuCc, uD cSS Iu 8Cl lh8u lhcDIclIC8 cXQcIIcuCc, IS CDuSl8ulj m80c 8W8Ic
lh8l IuSQII8lIDuS 8u0 I0c8S lh8l 0D uDl _c ImQDlcu!j 0ISSIQ8lc. PIlS Q8I8l8ClIC8
DgIC8Ily CDBSISlS IB lhc cq0IIDII0m D Wh8l Il CDDI0Iu8lcS, 8 hDmcDSl8SIS Iu
WhICh lhc CDuCcQl D 8cS!hclIC h8ImDuj IS S0DIm8lc0 8S 8 8Sl IcSDIl. Ilh Ic_8I0
lD IlS ccmculS, S0Ch 8cSlhclIC h8ImDuj IS uc_8lIVc 8u0 Sl8u0S Iu 8 0ISSDu8ul Ic-
8lIDu lD lhcm. hcj 0u0cI_D SDmclDIu_ SImI8I lD Wh8l Iu0IVI008 lDucS DuCc
0u0cIWcul Iu lhc Q0tc CDBSDu8uCc D 8 !II80. 10S 8cS!hc!IC h8tmDuj g08IHcS Iu
IlS DWB II_hl 8u ccmcul. hc mIS!8Kc D U80IlIDu8 8cSUclICS IS lh8l Il cX8lS
lhc Ic8lIDBShIQ D lDc WhDc lD lhc Q8IlS lD DBc D culIIc WhDcucSS, lD lDl8Ilj,
8u0 hDISlS Il Iu lII0mQh DVcI lhc hclcID_cucD0S 8S 8 D8uucI D I0SDIj QSIlIVIlj.
hc I0cDD_j D C0l0Ic, Iu WhICh 0uIlj, mc8uIu_, 8u0 QDSIlIVIlj 8Ic SjuDujmS, Iu-
cVIl8Dj DDIS 0DWu lD 8 /umutiotempcrisucti.PS lhc ScImDu _DS, SDCIclj DuCc
cu]Djc0 8 DcSSc0 CDS0Ic Whcu cVcIj 8IlWDIK h80 IlS Q8Cc, 0uClIDB, 8u0 c_I!I-
m8lIDu 8u0 UcIcDIc cu]Djc0 IlS DWu CDS0Ic, WhcIc8S lD08j cVcIjlhIu_ IS CDB-
SlI0Clc0 Iu cmQlIucSS 8u0 8IlWDIKS 8Ic IulcD8j CDu0cmuc0 lD 8I0Ic. MDWcVcI
lI8uSQ8Icul lDc lcuDI D S0Ch I0c8S, WhICh IuV8II8Dj m8Iul8Iu 8u 8 lDD ScC0Ic
0IS!8uCc Dm 8Il 8u0 8Scj Im8_Iuc !h8l lhcj 8Ic S0QIIDI lD IuucI-8cSlhclIC
ucCcSSIlIcS, Il IS Dcllct lD DDW 0Q Wh8l IS IBSI_hU IB lhcm DlhcI lh8u lD Dt0Sh
!8 ' LOHLKLNLLAMLANN
lhcm 8SI0c Du lhc D8SIS D lhc IDc lhcj Q8j, SIuCc 8IuIc lD IuVcSlIg8lc lhcm
mIghl CDulIIDulc lD lhcII QIcScIV8lIDu. Lu uD 8CCDuul 0DcS 8u 8IlWDIK IcguIIc 8u
8 QIIDII DI0cI Iu WhICh Il IS IcCcIVc0, QIDlcClc0, 8u0 8CCcQlc0. 1 lD08j uDlhIug IS
h8ImDuIDuS, lhIS IS DcC8uSc h8tmDuj W8S 81Sc HDm Uc DcgIuuIug. hc CDSuIc D
lhc 8cSlDclIC, ulIm8lcj D lhc cX08-8cSlhclIC, SjSlcm D IccIcuCc 0DcS uDl ucCcS-
S8IIj CDIIcSQDu0 lD lhc 0IguIlj D lDc 8IlWDIK. c 0uDIDuSucSS D lhc I0c8 D 8
CDSc0 SDCIclj 8QQIcS cQu8j lD lh8l D lhc CDSc0 8IlWDIK. 1l IS IuCDulcSl8Dc lh8l
8IlWDIKS h8Vc, 8S 0Ic-h8I0 Ic8ClIDu8IIcS ucVcI Cc8Sc lD IcQc8l, DSl lhcII SDCI8 cm-
D00c0ucSS. c lI8uSIlIDu HDm lhIS ScCuIIlj IulD lhc DQcu h8S DcCDmc, DI lDcm,
8 hcrrorvucai;lh8l lhcj 800IcSS 8u 8uDujmDuS 8u0 ulIm8lcj uDucXISlcul 8u0I-
cuCc h8S uDl Dccu ]uSl 8 DcSSIug, uDl cVcu Imm8uculj. uDl DI lhcII 8ulhculICIlj
8B0 uDl DI lhcII IccV8BCc. h8l I8BKS 8S QIDDcm8lIC Iu Uc 8cSlhclIC SQhcIc
h8S IlS DIIgIu hcIc, lhc Icm8Iu0cI DcC8mc lhc Quu0cI D DDIc0Dm. LVcIj ucW 8H-
WDIK, I Il IS lD Dc Duc, IS cXQDSc0 lD lhc 08BgcI D CDmQclc 8IuIc. 1 Iu hIS DWu
lImc McIm8uu LI8D QI8ISc0 lDc QIcDIm8lIDu D Slj c Iu lhc KcjDD8I0 muSIC D lhc
ScVculcculh 8B0 cMj cIghlcculh CculuIIcS DcC8uSc Il QIcCu0c0 8jlhIug DDVIDuSj
D80, Il CDu0 Dc Ic]DIuc0 lh8l lhIS Sljc ]uSl 8S CcIl8Iuj cXCu0c0 lhc QDSSIDIIlj D
Wh8l IS cmQh8lIC8j gDD0. 8Ch W8S SD IuCDmQ8I8Dj SuQcIIDI lD lDc muSIC lD8l
QIcCc0c0 hIm 8u0 U8l D hIS cQDCh DcC8uSc hc DIDKc lhIDugh lhIS QIcDIm8lIDu.
LVcu lhc LuK8CS D 1he 1hecjc/theNcve/h8C lD 80mIl lh8l lhc 8IlWDIKS lh8l
C8mc 8HcI lDc cu0 D lDc SuQQDSc0j mc8uIug-Dc0 8gc h80 g8Iuc0 IuDuIlcj Iu
IIChucSS 8B0 0cQlD. h8l SQc8KS DI lhc SuIVIV8 D lhc CDuCcQl D h8ImDuj 8S 8B
ccmcul IS lh8l 8tlWDIKS lh8l IcmDuS08lc 8g8IuSl lhc m8lhcm8lIC8 I0c8 D h8I-
mDuy 8uC !Dc tcQuIIcmcnt D! 8ymmcUIC8 tc8lIOn8, 8UIVIng t8lhct !Ot 8D8OulC
8SjmmclIj, 8I lD SDugh D 8 Sjmmc0j. 1u lcImS D IlS 8IlISlIC V8uc, 8Sjmmc-
U IS Duj lD Dc CDmQIchcu0c0 Iu IlS Ic8lIDu lD SjmmclIj, lhIS h8S IcCculj Dccu
CDuDImc0 Dj Wh8l 8huWcIcI h8S C8c0 lhc QhcuDmcu8 D 0ISlDIlIDu Iu IC8SSD.
bImI8Ij, ucW muSIC h8S ShDWu IcVctcuCc DI lhc lDu8Ilj lD8l Il 8DDIShc0
lDtDugh lDc cX0cmc ScuSIlIVIlj lh8l Il 0cVcDQc0 lDW8I0 IlS Iu0ImculS. 1hIS IS
0Oumculc0 Dj bChDcuDcIgS IIDuIC CDmmcul IDm lhc c8Ij jc8IS D 8lDu8Ilj
lD8l lhc Du0DcCK D Fierrct /anuire W8S CDmQDSc0 8CCDI0Iug lD lhc SlIICl
IucS D CDuulcIQDIul, WhICh Duj QcI0Illc0 QIcQ8Ic0 CDuSDu8BlS 8u0 lhcu Duj
Du uu8CCculc0 Dc8lS. hc uIlhcI Ic8 0DmIu8lIDu D u8luIc QIDgIcSScS, lhc mDIc
Q8IB Il DcCDmcS DI 8Il lD 80mIl lDc ucCcSSIlj D lh8l QIDgIcSS WIlhIu IlSc. 1u lhc
I0c8 D h8ImDuj, 8tl ScuScS 8CQuIcSCcuCc lD lhc 80mIuISlcIc0 WDI0, cVcu lhDugh
8IlS DQQDSIlIDu lD lhIS WDI0 CDulIuucS, WIlh Slc80Ij IuCIc8SIug 8ulDuDmj, lhc
0DmIu8lIDu D u8luIc. P CDuCcDS IlSc 8S muCh 8S Il IS CDu08tj lD IlSc. 1uSl
hDW muCh lDcSc IuucIV8lIDuS D 8Il 8Ic DDuu0 uQ WIlh IlS QDSIlIDu Iu Ic8Ilj CDu0
Dc VISCcI8j ScuSc0 Iu lDc DDmDc0 Lctm8u CIlIcS D lhc QDSlW8I jc8IS. 1u lDc 8Cc
D 8Clu8 Ch8DS lDc DQlIC8 DI0cI lD8l lhc 8cSlDclIC ScuSDIIum h80 Dug 8gD Ic]cClc0
DuCc 8g8Iu DcC8mc IulcuScj 8uIIug. MDWcVcI, I8QI0j 80V8uCIug u8luIc, lhc
Vcgcl8lIDu Iu lhc IuIuS, DIDughl 8 V8C8lIDu-mIu0c0 IDm8ulICIZ8lIDu D u8luIc lD 8
LOHLKLNLLANDMAG . !5
0cScIVc0 cB0. OI 8 DIIc hISlOIIC8 mOmcBl Wh8l lI80IlOB8 8cSlhclICS C8c0
S8lISjIB_ h8ImOBIC 8B0 SjmmclIIC8 Ic8lIOBS IcluHc0. hcB U80IlIOB8 8cS-
lhclICS, Mc_c S IBCu0c0, QI8ISc0 hMmOBj IB B8luI8 Dc8ulj, Il QIO]cClc0 lhc Sc-
S8lIS8ClIOB O 0ODIB8lIOB OBlO Uc 0ODIB8lc0. h8l IS Qu8Il8lIVcj BcW IB IcCcBl
8Il m8j Dc lh8l IB 8B 8cI_IC Ic8ClIOB Il W8BlS lO cIDIB8lc h8ImOBIZ8lIOBS cVcB IB
lhcII Bc_8lc0 OIm, Uuj lhc Bc_8HOB O Bc_8lIOB WIU IlS OWB 8l8Ilj. lhc Sc-
S8lISDc0 lI8BSIlIOB lO 8 BcW QOSIlIVIlj, lO lhc 8DScBCc O lcBSIOB B SO m8Bj Q8IBl-
IB_S 8B0 COmQOSIlIOBS O lhc QOSlW8I 0cC80cS. 8Sc QOSIlIVIlj IS lhc lcChBOO_I-
C8 OCuS O lhc OSS O mc8BIB_. h8l 0uIIB_ lhc hcIOIC jc8IS O mO0cH 8 W8S
QcICcIVc0 8S IlS mc8BIB_ m8IBl8Bc0 lhc OI0cIIB_ ccmcBlS O lI80HOB8 8D 8S 0c-
lcImIB8lcj Bc_8lc0, lhcII IQuI08lIOB IcSulS IB 8 SmOOlhj HBClIOBB_ Dul cmQlj
I0cBlIlj. LVcB 8IlWOIKS HC0 HOm h8ImOBISlIC-SjmDcUIC8 I0c8S OIm8j
Ch8I8ClcIIZc0 Dj SImIMIlj 80 COBlI8Sl, Sl8lIC 8B0 0jB8DC, cXQOSIlIOB, DSI-
lIOB, 0cVcOQmcBl, I0cBllj, 8B0 IcluH. OIKS 8Ic uB8Dc lO WIQc Oul lhc 0IcI-
cBCc DclWccB lhc DISl 8QQc8I8BCc O 8B ccmcBl 8B0 IlS IcQlIlIOB, BO m8llcI hOW
mO0IDc0 lh8l m8j Dc. hc C8Q8CIlj lO ScBSc 8B0 cmQOj h8ImOBC 8B0 Sj0cU-
Cm Ic8lIOBS IB lhcII mOSl 8DSU8Cl OIm h8S DcCOmc QIO_IcSSIVcj mOIc SuDlc.
hcIc8S IB muSIC 8 mOIc OI cSS l8B_IDc IcQIISc W8S OBCc IcQuIc0 lO cSl8DISh
SjmmclIj, BOW 8 V8_uc SImI8IIlj O lOBc COOI 8l V8IOuS QOIBlS m8j SuDCc.
jB8mIC Icc0 HOm cVcIj Sl8lIC IccIcBCc 8B0 BO OB_cI 0ISCcHIDc 8S SuCh Dj
IlS COBU8Sl lO SOmclhIB_ DXc0, IS U8BSOImc0 IBlO SOmclhIB_ lh8l hOVcIS 8B0 BO
OB_cI h8S 0IIcClIOB. 1B lhc m8BBcI O IlS 8QQc8I8BCc, blOCKh8uScB S ZlP]8
cVOKcS 8 lhIOu_h-COmQOSc0 C80cBCc, 8 uj QIcScBlc0 jcl Sl8HC 0OmIB8Bl. 3cl
lO08j SuCh IBV8II8BlS DcCOmc Wh8l lhcj Mc OBj IB lhc COBlcXl O Ch8B_c, WhO-
cVcI lIIcS lO 0ISlI lhcm HOm lhc 0jB8DIC COmQcXIOB O hISlOIj OI IOm lhc IB0I-
VI0u8 WOIK lhcIcDj mISIcQIcScBlS Ucm.
cC8uSc lhc COBCcQl O SQIIIlu8 OI0cI IS IlSc WOIUcSS, Il C8BBOl Dc U8BSQSc0
HOm CuluI8 CO_Il8lIOBS lO 8Il. LQQOSIlcS IBlcIDIXc0 IB lhc I0c8 O lhc CO-
SuIc O lhc MlWOIK. hc IDcVOC8Dc COmQuSIOB lOW8I0 COhcIcBCc, lhc cVcI H8_Ic
ulOQI8 O IcCOBCII8lIOB IB lhc Im8_c, 8B0 lhc OB_IB_ O lhc OD]cClVcj Wc8KcBc0
SuD]cCl OI 8 hclcIOBOmOuS OI0cI, 8 COBSl8Bl O LcIm8B I0cOO_j. cmQOIMIj
0cQIIVc0 O 8Bj 0IIcCl S8lIS8ClIOB, 8ulhOIl8D8B IBSlIBClS IcVc IB lhc Im8_O O 8B
8DSOulcj COSc0 CuluIc WhcD mc8BIB_ IS _u8I8Blcc0. LOSuIc OI IlS OWB S8Kc,
IB0cQcB0cBl O lIulh COBlcBl 8B0 Wh8l lhIS COSuIc IS QIc0IC8lc0 OB, IS 8 C8lc_OIj
lh8l IB 8Cl 0cScIVcS lhc OmBOuS Ch8I_c O OIm8ISm. LcIl8IBj UIS 00S BOl
mc8B lh8l QOSIlIVc 8B0 8DIm8lIVc 8IlWOIKS, VIIlu8j lhc WhOc SlOIc O U80I-
lIOB8 8Il, 8Ic lO Dc 0ISmISSc0 OI 0ccB0c0 OB lhc D8SIS O lhc 8 lOO 8DSU8Cl 8I_u-
mcBl lh8l, _IVcB lhcII 8DIuQl OQQOSIUOB lO cmQIIIC8 Ic, lhcj lOO 8Ic CIlIC8 8B0
Bc_8lIVc. hc QhIOSOQhIC8 CIlIQuc O uBIcHcClIVc BOmIB8ISm QIOhIDIlS 8Bj C8Im
lh8l lhc lI8]cClOIj O QIO_IcSSIVc Bc_8lIVIlj, lhc Bc_8lIOB O OD]cClIVcj DIB0IB_
mc8BIB_, IS lh8l O uBQu8IDc0 QIO_IcSS IB 8Il. MOWcVcI muCh 8 SOB_ Dj cDH
IS mOIc lhOIOu_hj COBSUClc0, lhc uBIVcIS8Ilj O lhc 8B_u8_c O bChuDIlS
! | LOHLKLNLLAN MANG
winterreiseScCuIcS DI Il 8u ccmcul D SuQcIIDIIly. hDugh Il IS uDmIu8ISm lD8l
hcQc0 Il 8ChIcVc IlS ugu8gc Iu lhc DISl Q8Cc, SlI lhcIc IS uD 8ugu8gc WIlhDul
lhc mc0Ium D 8 uuIVcIS8Ily DcyDu0 QuIc Q8IlICu8IIZ8lIDu, hDWcVcI IcQuISIlc lhc
8llcI. hIS DVcIIChIug uuIVcIS8Ily ucCcSS8IIy Dc8IS 8 0cgIcc D 8Im8lIDu.
hIS C8u Dc ScuSc0 Iu lhc WDI0 uu0cISl8u0Iug. PDIm8lIDu 8u0 8ulhculICIly 8Ic
8m8g8m8lc0 lD uD Sm8 0cgIcc. 3cl lhIS IS uD 8Igumcul 8g8IuSl 8uy Iu0IVI0u8
WDIK, 8l mDSl Il IS 8u 8Igumcul 8g8IuSl lhc 8ugu8gc D 8Il 8S SuCh. hcIc IS uD 8Il
lh8l IS culIIcy 0cVDI0 D 8Im8lIDu, SIuCc Dy IlS VcQ cXISlcuCc cVcIy WDIX IIScS
8DDVc lhc QIghl u0 0cgI808lIDu D 08Iy cXISlcuCc. hc mDIc DIu0Iug 8Il IS lD
IlSc, lhc IIChcI, 0cuScI, 8u0 mDIc uuIDc0 IlS WDIKS, lhc mDIc Il lcu0S lDW8I0 8I-
m8lIDuD Wh8lcVcI Sl8mQ~Dy SuggcSlIug U8l IlS DWu Qu8IlIcS 8Ic lhDSc D 8
WDI0 cXISlIug Iu IlSc DcyDu0 8Il. hIS 8QIIDIIly D lhc 8DIm8lIVc IS 8IlS I0cD-
DgIC8 08IK SI0c. l QID]cClS lhc Ic cClIDu D QDSSIDIIly DulD lhc cXISlIug cVcu 8S
lhc 8llcIS 0clcImIu8lc ucg8lIDu. hIS ccmcul D 8DIm8lIDu WIlh0I8WS HDm lhc
Immc0I8Cy D 8tlWDIKS 8u0 Wh8l lhcy S8y 8u0 DCDmcS lhc 8Cl lh8l lhcy CDulIuuc
lD SQc8K 8l 8` h8l lhc WDI0 SQIIIl ucVcI m80c gDD0 Du IlS QIDmISc h8S lhc
ccCl D cu0Iug lhc 8DIm8lIVc WDIKS D lhc Q8Sl 8 lDuChIug Qu8Ily I8lhcI lh8u
cuSuIIug lh8l lhcy Icm8Iu Duy I0cDDgIC8, lD08y, Iu0cc0, Wh8l 8QQcIS cVI Iu
CDuSumm8lc WDIKS IS lhcII DWu CDuSumm8lcucSS 8S 8 mDuumcul lD DICc I8lhcI
lh8u 8 lI8uSDguI8lIDu lh8l IS lDD U8uSQ8Icul lD SQuI 8uy DQQDSIlIDu. PCCDI0Iug
lD CIChC, gIc8l WDIKS Mc CDmQcIug. u DcIug SD, lhcy CulIV8lc CDcICIDu lD lhc
S8mc cXlcul lh8l lhcy ucuUIZc Il, lhcII guIl IS lDcII guIlcSSucSS. ND0cD 8D,
WIlh IlS VuucI8DIIly, DcmIShcS, 8u0 8IDIIly, IS lhc CIIlIQuc D U80IlIDu8 WDIKS,
WhCh Iu SD m8n W8yS 8tC 8ltOngCt 8nd mOtC 8uCCC88Dl. 1l I8 lhC CtIlIQuC O 8uC
CcSS. l IS QIc0IC8lc0 Du lhc IcCDguIlIDu D lhc Iu80cQu8Cy D Wh8l 8QQc8IS lD Dc
80cQu8lc, lhIS IS lIuc uDl Duy WIlh Icg8I0 lD IlS 8DIm8lIVc cSScuCc Dul 8SD Iu lD8l
Iu IlS DWu lcImS Il IS uDl Wh8l Il WulS lD Dc. uSluCcS 8Ic lhc ]IgS8W-QuZZc
8SQcClS D muSIC C8SSICISm~lhc mcCh8uIC8 mDmculS Iu 8ChS lcChuIQuc, lhc
lDQ-0DWu CDuSlIuClIDu Iu lhc Q8IulIugS D lhc mSlcIS~WhICh IcIguc0 DI Ccu-
luIIcS uu0cI lhc u8mc CDmQDSIlIDu DcDIc, 8S `8cIy uDlc0, Su00cuy DcCDmIug 8
m8llcI D Iu0IcIcuCc WIlh lhc IISc D ImQIcSSIDuISm.
PIlS 8HIm8lIVc ccmcul 8u0 lhc 8DIm8lIVc ccmcul D lhc 0DmIu8lIDu D u8luIc
8tc Duc Iu 8SScIlIug lh8l Wh8l W8S IuHIClc0 Du u8luIc W8S 8 DI lhc gDD0, Dy Ic-
cu8ClIug Il Iu lhc Ic8m D Im8gIu8lIDu, 8Il m8KcS Il IlS DWu 8u0 DcCDmcS 8 SDug D
UIumQh. u lhIS, uD cSS lh8u Iu IlS SIIucSS, 8tl SuDIm8lcS lhc CIICuS. u 0DIug SD,
Il Du0S IlSc Iu IucXlIIC8Dc CDuICl WIlh lhc I0c8 D lhc H0cmQlIDu D SuQ-
QIcSSc0 u8luIc. LVcu lhc mDSl Ic8Xc0 WDIK IS lhc IcSul D 8 IuIug lcuSIDu lh8l
luHS 8g8IuSl lhc 0DmIu8lIug SQIIIl lh8l IS l8mc0 Iu DcCDmIug Uc WDIX. IDlD-
lyQIC8 D lh8l IS lhc CDuCcQl D lhc C8SSIC8. hc cXQcIIcuCc D lhc mD0c D 8
C8SSICISm~LIccX SCuQluIc~m8y IclIDSQcClIVcy uu0cImIuc CDuD0cuCc Iu Il, 8S
Wc 8S Iu 8lcI cQDChS. L8SSIC8 8Il IcIuQuIShc0 lhc 0ISl8uCc lD cmQIIIC8 cXIS-
lcuCc lh8l h80 Dccu mIul8Iuc0 Dy 8ICh8IC Im8gcS 8u0 C8IVIugS. PCCDI0Iug lD lI8-
LOHLKLNLLANUMLANL
_
!!
0lllDu8 8cSUcllCS, C8SSlC8 SCuQluIc 8lHc0 8l lhc l0culllj D lhc uulVcIS8 8u0
lhc Q8IllCu8I~lhc l0c8 8u0 lhc lu0lVl0u8DcC8uSc 8Ic80j ll CDu0 uD DugcI
0cQu0 Du lhc ScuSu8 8QQc8I8uCc D lhc l0c8. Uc l0c8 W8S lD 8QQc8 lu ScuSu8
DIH, ll WDu0 h8Vc lD lulcgI8lc lhc cHQlIIC8j lu0lVl0u8lc0 WDI0 D 8QQc8I8uCc
Wllh llS QIluClQc D DIH. hlS SclS 8 lHll lD u lu0lVl0u8llDu, hDWcVcI, QIDD-
8Dj LIccX C8SSlClSH h80 uDl jcl cVcu cXQIlcuCc0 lu0lVl0u8llj, lhlS 0CuIIc0
HISl, lu CDuCDI08uCc Wllh lhc 0lIcCllDu D SDCl8 0cVcDQHcul, lu McculC SCuQ-
luIc. hc uullj D lhc uulVcIS8 8u0 lhc Q8llCu8I CDulIlVc0 Dj C8SSlClSH W8S 8-
Ic80j DcjDu0 lhc H8Ch D PlUC 8Il, cl 8Duc lhc 8Il D 8lcI CculuIIcS. hlS lS Whj
C8SSlC8 SCuQluIcS Sl8Ic Wllh lhDSc cHQlj cjcS lh8l 88IH8ICh8lC8jluSlc80
D I80l8llug lh8l uDDc SlHQlCllj 8u0 Qulcl gI8u0cuI'" QID]cClc0 DulD lhcH Dj
clghlcculh-CculuIj ScullHcul8lSH. D08j Wh8l lS CDHQclug lu 8ullQullj lS uu-
08Hcul8j 0lSlluCl HDH lhc CDcSQDu0cuCc lh8l 0cVcDQc0 Wllh LuIDQc8u C8SSl-
ClSH lu lhc cI8 D lhc tIcuCh cVDullDu 8u0 8QDcDu, cVcu lu lh8l D 8u0c8lH.
hDcVcI 0OS uDl, lu lhc gulSc D lhc 8ICh8cDDglSl DI QhlDDglSl, Slgu 8 CDVcu8ul
Wllh 8ullQulljWhlCh CcIl8luj SluCc lhc IlSc D huH8ulSH h8S cVcI 8u0 8g8lu
ShDWu llSc uDl lD Dc 0lS08luc0~Wl uDl Du0 lhc uDIH8llVc C8lH D 8ullQullj
CDHQclug. llhDul QIDU8Clc0 Slu0j, SC8ICcj 8uj D ll SQc8XS, 8u0 lhc Qu8llj D
lhc WDIXS lhcHScVcS lS CcIl8luj uDl DcjDu0 QucSllDu. h8l lS DVcIWhcHlug lS
lhc cVc D DIH. bC8ICcj 8ujlhlug Vug8I DI D8ID8IlC SccHS lD h8Vc Dccu Q8SSc0
0DWu, uDl cVcu DH lhc lHQcIl8 8gc, cVcu lhDugh lhcIc lhc DcgluulugS D H8SS
QID0uCllDu 8Ic uuHlSl8X8Dc. hc HDDI HDS8lCS D lhc Vl8S lu LSll8, WhlCh WcIc
QIcSuH8Dj Hc8ul lD Dc Iculc0, D8Sc0 Du 8 Slugc HD0c. LVcI SluCc PlllC C8S-
SlClSH, lhc Ic8 D8ID8lSH D 8ullQulljlhc S8VcIj, gcuDCl0c, 8u0 CDulcHQl DI
huH8u lccl cW U8CcS lu 8D, ]uSl hDW Ch8Slc ll XcQl llSc, cVcu lu D8D8lC
CuluIcS, 0DcS uDl Ic0Duu0 lD llS CIc0ll. hc DIH8 lHH8ucuCc D 8ullQuc 8Il lS
QIDD8Dj lD Dc cXQ8luc0 Dj lhc 8Cl lh8l lhc ScuSu8 WDI0 h80 uDl jcl Dccu
0cD8Sc0 Dj ScXu8 l8DDDS, WhlCh WDu0 CDHc lD cuCDHQ8SS 8 SQhcIc Ic8Chlug 8I
DcjDu0 llS DWu lHHc0l8lc 8Ic8, 8u0c8lIcS C8SSlClSl Duglug lS QIcClScj DI
lh8l. u C8Qll8lSH, Wh8l DICcS 8Il 8g8luSl 8Il lulD 8u 8l8uCc Wllh lhc Vug8I lS
uDl Duj 8 HuCllDu D CDHHcICl8lSH, WhlCh cXQDllS 8 Hull8lc0 ScXu8llj, Dul
cQu8j lhc 08IX Sl0c D LhIlSll8u luW8I0ucSS. hc CDuCHlc U8uSlcuCc D lhc C8S-
SlC8, hDWcVcI, WhlCh Mcgc 8u0 NM 0l0 uDl cXQcIIcuCc, cXQDScS lhc lI8uSlcuCc
D llS CDuCcQl 8u0 lhc uDIHS 0cIlVlug IDH ll. hc 0lcHH8 DclWccu SuQcIDCl8
C8SSlClSH 8u0 lhc 0cH8u0 lh8l 8 WDIX Dc CDhcIcul lS 8QQ8Iculj uDl Duc lh8l
8IlScS HDH CDuU8Sllug lIuc C8SSlClSH Wllh Q8SlcI H8u0S. ul lhlS CDulI8Sl lS uD
HDIc IullH lh8u lh8l DclWccu HD0cH 8u0 HD0cHlSllC. h8l lS cXCu0c0 lu lhc
u8Hc D 8 Qul8llVc 8ulhcullCllj 8S llS 0cgcucI8lc DIH lS uSu8j CDul8luc0 lu
lhc DIHcI 8S llS cIHcul, lhc cXClSlDu D WhlCh c8VcS ll SlcIlc 8u0 h8IHcSS. hc
CDuCcQl D C8SSlClSH Sl8u0S lu ucc0 D 0lcIcull8llDu. 1l lS WDIUcSS SD Dug
8S lu Qc8CcH ]uXl8QDSlllDu ll 8jS Dul lu Sl8lc LDclhc S Iphienie8u0 bChlcI S
wu//enstein.u QDQu8I uS8gc, lhc CDuCcQl D C8SSlClSH Hc8uS SDCl8 8ulhDIllj,
!2 L LOHLKLNLLAUMLANN
8CDIcVc0 DI lDc mDSl Q8Il lDIDu_D cCDuDmIC CDuUD mcCD8uISmS, Il IS DllIu_
lD8l IcCDl W8S uD SU8u_cI lD lDIS uS8_c. L8SSICISm D lDIS SDIl SDDu0 I8lDcI Dc
Dc0 8_8IuSl 8WDIXS, ycl Il IS SD cXlcD8 lD lDcm lD8l Dy W8y D 8 SDIlS D mc0I-
8lIDuS cVcu 8ulDculIC WDIXS m8y Dc DcSlDWc0 WIlD lDc 8CCD80c. Dc C8SSIC8
8SD IccIS lD 8 Sl8u08I0 D Slyc, WIlDDul IlS DcIu_ lDcIcDy QDSSIDc lD 0ISlIu_uISD
DclWccu lDc mD0c, IlS c_IlIm8lc 8QQIDQII8lIDu, M0 IuIlcSS ImIl8lIDu 8S CDu-
CuSIVcy 8S WDu0 SuIl lD8l ccmcnsenseU8l 8SSumcS Il C8u XuDWIu_y Q8y D
lDc C8SSIC8 8_8IuSl C8SSICISm. NDZ8Il WD00 Dc IuCDuCcIV8Dc 8Q8Il HDm lDc
C8SSICISm D Uc 8Sl yc8IS D Uc cI_DlccuU CculuIy, WIlD IlS SlyISlIC ImIl8lIDu D
lDc 8uCIculS, ycl lDc U8Cc D lDcSc QuDlc0 uDImS Iu DIS muSIC QIDVI0cS uD D8SIS
DI 8uy CDuVIuCIu_ DD]cClIDu lD lDc SQcCIHC Qu8Ily D lDc C8SSIC8 NDZ8Il. \lI-
m8lcy, lD C8 8 WDIX C8SSIC8 IccIS lD IlS Imm8ucul SuCCcSS, lDc uuCDcICc0 ycl
cVcI H8_Ic IcCDuCII8lIDu D lDc Duc 8u0 lDc mulIQICIlDuS. h D8S uDlDIu_ lD
0D WIlD Slyc 8u0 mcul8Ily, 8u0 cVcIylDIu_ lD 0D WIlD 8CCDmQISDmcul, DcIc
NmCIy S CDmmcul 8QQIcS lD8l cVcu 8 IDm8ulIC 8IlWDIX, SuCCcSSHy DIDu_Dl
D, IS Dy 0ul D IlS S0CCcSS C8SSIC8. ' ' DIS CDuCcQl D lDc C8SSIC8 IS SUuu_
l8ul lD lDc DI_DcSl 0c@cc, Il 8Duc IS WDIlDy D CIIlIQuc. Dc CIIlIQuc D lDc C8SSI-
C8, DDWcVcI, IS mDIc lD8u lDc CIlIQuc D lDDSc DIm8 QIIuCIQcS Dy WDICD lDc
C8SSIC8 D8S, DI lDc mDSl Q8Il, Dccu m8uIcSl. Dc I0c8 D DIm, WDICD IS I0culI-
Hc0 WIlD C8SSICISm, IS lD D U8uS8lc0 D8CX IulD CDulcul [Inhu/tJ .Dc QuIIly D
DIm IS mD0cc0 Du lDc QuIIly D lDc SuD]cCl, CDuSlIlulIu_ IlSc, DcCDmIu_ CDu-
SCIDuS D IlSc, 8u0 0IVcSlIu_ IlSc D lDc uDuI0culIC8. l IS 8 uc_8lIVc Ic8lIDu lD
Uc uDuI0culIC8. 3cl Il ImQIcS lDc 0ISlIuClIDu D DIm IDm CDulcul, 8 0ISlIuClIDu
CDuCc8c0 Dy lDc C8SSIC8 I0c8. DIm IS CDuSlIlulc0 Duy lDIDu_D 0ISSImI8IIly,
Duy Iu lD8l Il IS 0IDcIcul m lDc uDm0cuUC8, mDImS DWu mc8uIu_, lDc 0u8ISm
QcISISlS lD8l DIm c8CcS. Dc CDuulcImDVcmcul lD mylD ~8 CDuulcImDVcmcul
lD8l C8SSICISm SD8IcS WIU lDc 8Cmc D LIccX QDIDSDQDy ~W8S 0c0 0IIcCly
8_8IuSl lDc mImclIC ImQuSc. NImcSIS W8S 0ISQ8Cc0 Dy DD]cClIyIu_ ImIl8lIDu.
DIS CDuulcImDVcmcul UcIcDy c8SIy SuCCcc0c0 Iu SuDSumIu_ 8Il lD LIccX cu-
I_Dlcumcul 8u0 m8XIu_ l8DDD lD8l Dy WDICD Ml l8XcS lDc SI0c D Uc SuQQIcSSc0
8_8IuSl lDc 0DmIu8lIDu D lDc ImQDSc0 CDuCcQl DI D WD8l SIQS lDIDu_D 0DmIu8-
lIDu S u8IIDW mcSD. DD0_D Iu C8SSICISm lDc SuD]cCl Sl8u0S 8cSlDclIC8y 0QII_Dl,
VIDcuCc IS 0Duc lD Il, lD lD8l cDQ0cul QMlICu8I lD8l DQQDScS lDc mulc uuIVcIS8.
u lDc muCD 80mIIc0 0uIVcISmIly D lDc C8SSIC8 WDIX lDc QcDICIDuS uuIVcIS8Ily
D mylD ~lDc IucSC8Q8DIIly D lDc SQc~IS QcIQlu8lc0 8S lDc uDIm D lDc QIDC-
cSS D DIm8UDu. u C8SSICISm, WDcIc lDc 8ulDuDmy D 8 DII_Iu8lc0, 8Il IcuDuuCcS
IlSc DI lDc HISl lImc. l IS uD 8CCI0cul lD8l SIuCc lD8l mDmcul 8 C8SSICISmS D8Vc
m80c Ic80y 8IMCc WIU SCIcuCc. D lDIS 08y, Uc SCIculIHC mcul8Ily D8S D8I-
DDIc0 8u MlIQ8lDy lDW8I0 8Il lD8l IcuScS VDuul8Iy SuDScIVIcuCc lD C8lc_DII8
lDDu_Dl 8u0 lDc 0cSI0cI8l8 D Cc8I-Cul 0IVISDuS. D8lcVcI QIDCcc0S 8S I lDcIc IS
uD 8ulIuDmy IS MlIuDmIC 8u0 0c_cucI8lcS IulD WD8l DDuI_cDIS QDI8ScDD_y IS
8W8yS Ic80y lD 0uD DIm8 QIcClIDu, 8DDul WDICD uDUIu_ mDIc ucc0 Dc S8I0.
5UB!LL1-OB!LL1 . !3
l IS uOl DcC8uSc O 8u ID8lIOu8l mcul8Ilj lh8l Qu8Il8lIVclj mOCcH mOVcmculS
IcQucullj COIIcSQOuC, Iu 8uCc8IIc S ScuSc, WIlh 8ICh8IC, QIcCl8SSIC8 mOVc-
mculS. hcj 8Ic, 8CmIllcCj, uO cSS cXQOScC lO lhc Ic8ClIOu8Ij lh8u IS C8SSICISm
Dj lhc CcluSIOu lh8l lhc 8llIluCc lO Ic8lIlj m8uIcSl Iu 8ICh8IC WOIKS, HOm WhICh
lhc cm8uCIQ8lcC SuD]cCl WIcSlcC IlScl, IS lO Dc Ic8SScIlcC, Icg8IClcSS O Wh8l h8S
hISlOIIC8lj U8uSQIIcC. hc SjmQ8lhj O lhc mOCcH WIlh lhc 8ICh8IC IS uOl IcQIcS-
SIVcj ICcOlOgIC8l Oulj Whcu lh8l SjmQ8lhj luHS lOW8IC Wh8l Cl8SSICISm CIS-
C8ICcC 8lOug lhc COuISc O IlS CcVclOQmcul 8uC IcuScS lO cuCOISc lhc QcHICIOuS
QIcSSuIc IOm WhICh Cl8SSICISm IccC IlScl. ul lhc Ouc IS I8Icj lO Dc OuuC WIlh-
Oul lhc OlhcI. u Ql8Cc O lhc ICculIlj O lhc uuIVcIS8 8uC lhc Q8IlICu8I, C8SSIC8
WOIKS QIOVICc IlS 8DSU8Cl lOgIC8l I8CIuS, ccClIVclj 8 hOllOW OIm hOQclcSSj
8W8IlIug SQcCIDC8lIOu. hc I8gIIlj O lhc C8SSIC8 Qm8CIgm gIVcS lhc lIc lO IlS
Q8I8CIgm8lIC8 Sl8luS 8uC lhuS lO lhc Cl8SSIC8l ICc8 IlSc.
LOulcmQOI8Ij 8cSlhclICS IS COmIu8lcC Dj lhc COulIOVcISj OVcI WhclhcI Il IS SuD-
]cClIVc OI OD]cClIVc. hcSc lcImS, hOWcVcI, 8Ic cQuIVOC8l. N8IIOuSlj lhc COulIO-
VcISj m8j OCuS Ou lhc COuC\uSIOu CI8Wu IOm SuD]cClIVc Ic8ClIOuS lO 81lWOIKS,
Iu COulI8Sl lO lhc intentiorectu lOW8IC lhcm, lhc intentiorectuDcIug COuSICcIcC
QIcCIIlIC8 8CCOICIug lO lhc CuIIcul SChcm8 O cQISlcmOlOgj. LI lhc lWO COuCcQlS
COulC IccI lO lhc QIIm8Cj O OD]cClIVc OI SuD]cClIVc clcmculS Iu lhc 8IlWOIKS
lhcmSclVcS, Iu KccQIug, OI IuSl8uCc, WIlh lhc CISlIuClIOu m8Cc Iu lhc hISlOIj O
ICc8S DclWccu C8SSIC8 8uC IOm8ulIC. LI, l8Slj, lhc ISSuc m8j Dc lhc OD]cClIVIlj
O lhc 8cSlhclIC ]uCgmcul O l8Slc. hcSc V8IIOuS mc8uIugS uccC lO Dc CISUu-
guIShcC IOm c8Ch OlhcI. Ilh Icg8IC lO lhc DISl, lhc CIIcClIOu O Mcgcl S 8cSUcl-
ICS W8S OD]cClIVc, WhcIc8S WIlh Icg8IC lO lhc ScCOuC, hIS 8cSlhclICS QIOD8Dlj cm-
Qh8SIZcC SuD]cClIVIlj mOIc CcCISIVclj lh8u CIC lh8l O hIS QIcCcCcSSOIS, OI WhOm
lhc QmlICIQ8lIOu O lhc SuD]cCl Iu lhc ccCl Ou 8u ODScIVcI W8S ImIlcC cVcu Iu lhc
C8Sc O 8u ICc8 OI lI8uSCcuCcul8 ODScIVcI. OI Mcgc, lhc SuD]cCl -OD]cCl CI8cClIC
lI8uSQIIcS Iu lhc OD]cCl IlScl. hc Icl8lIOu O SuD]cCl 8uC OD]cCl Iu lhc 81lWOIK
lOO muSl uOl Dc OIgOllcu, IuSO8I 8S Il IS COuCcHcC WIlh OD]cClS. hIS Icl8lIOu
Ch8ugcS hISlOIIC8j jcl QcISISlS cVcu Iu uOuIcQIcScul8lIOu8l WOIKS, OI lhcj l8Kc
uQ 8u 8llIluCc lO lhc OD]cCl Dj Ql8CIug Il uuCcI 8 l8DOO. blIl, lhc Sl8IlIug QOIul O
lhc Critiqaeo/JadmentW8S uOl SImQlj IuImIC8l lO 8u OD]cClIVc 8cSlhclICS. lS
OICc W8S lh8l, 8S lhIOughOul 8ul S lhcOIIcS, Il W8S uOl COmOIl8Dlj IuSl8llcC Iu
8uj O lhc QOSIlIOuS m8IKcC Oul Dj lhc SjSlcm S SlI8lcgIcS. uSO8I 8S 8CCOICIug lO
hIS lhcOIj 8cSlhclICS IS COuSlIlulcC Dj lhc SuD]cClIVc ]uCgmcul O l8Slc, lhIS ]uCg-
mcul ucCcSS8Dlj DcCOmcS uOl Oulj 8 constitaensO lhc OD]cClIVc WOIK Dul I8lhcI
Dc8IS Iu IlScl 8u OD]cClIVc ucCcSSIlj, hOWcVcI Illlc lhIS ucCcSSIlj C8u Dc IcCuCcC
lO uuIVcIS8 COuCcQlS. 8ul cuVISIOucC 8 SuD]cClIVclj mcCI8lcC Dul OD]cClIVc 8cS-
lhclICS. hc 8ulI8u COuCcQl O lhc ]uCgmcul O l8Slc, Dj IlS SuD]cClIVclj CIIcClcC
QucIj, COuCcHS lhc COIc O OD]cClIVc 8cSlhclICS. lhc QucSlIOu O Qu8lIljgOOC
! 5UB!LL1-OB!LL1
8B0 D80, Uuc 8B0 8Sc~IB lhc 8IlWDIX. hc SuD]cClVc QucIj IS IlSc mDIc 8cS-
lhclIC lh8B IS lhc cQISlcmDDgIC8 intenticcb/iqauDcC8uSc lhc DD]cClIVIlj D lhc
8IlWDIX IS mc0I8lc0 Iu 8 m8BBcI lh8l IS Qu8Il8lIVcj 0IcIcBl IDm lhc DD]cClIVIlj
D XBDWc0gc, DcIBg mc0I8lc0 mDIc SQcCIDC8j UIDugh lhc SuD]cCl. l IS VIIlu8j
l8ulDDgIC8 lD C8Im lh8l lhc 0clcImIu8lIDu WhcUcI 8B 8IlWDIX IS 8B 8IlWDIX
0cQcB0S DB lhc ]u0gmcBl WhclhcI Il IS, 8B0 lh8l lhc mcCh8uISm D SuCh ]u0gmcBlS,
8I mDIc lh8B 8Bj IuVcSlIg8lIDu D lhc QDWcI D ]u0gmcBl 8S 8 QSjChIC `8DIIlj, IS
lhc lhcmc D lhc WDIX. `hc 0cDBIlIDB D l8Slc Du WhICh D8SIBg lhIS 8B8jSIS
IS lh8l Il IS lhc 8DIIlj lD ]u0gc lhc Dc8ulIu. ul Wc h8Vc lD 8B8jZc ]u0gmculS D
l8Slc IB DI0cI lD 0ISCDVcI Wh8l IS IcQuIIc0 DI C8IBg 8B DD]cCl Dc8ulIu.

hc
C8BDB D lhc WDIX IS lhc DD]cClIVc V8I0Ilj D lhc ]u0gmcBl D l8Slc lh8l, WhIc 8-
DI0Iug BD gu8I8Blcc. IS BcVcIlhccSS SlIIBgcBl. hc SI8lIDB D 8 uDmIB8IS! 8Il
IS lhuS QIcQ8Ic0. Pu8DgDuSj WIlh lhc CIIlIQuc D Ic8SDB, 8Bl WDu0 IXc lD
gIDuB0 8cSlhclIC DD]cClIVIlj IB lhc SuD]cCl I8lhcI lh8B lD 0ISQ8Cc lhc DImcI Dj lhc
8llcI. mQICIlj hc hD0S lh8l lhc ccmcul lh8l uBIDcS lhc DD]cClIVc 8B0 lhc SuD-
]cClIVc IS Ic8SDB, 8 SuD]cClIVc 8DIIlj 8l lhc S8mc lImc lh8l, Dj VIIluc D IlS 8lUID-
ulcS D ucCcSSIlj 8B0 uuIVcIS8Ilj, Il IS lhc cXcmQ8I D 8 DD]cClIVIlj. DI 8Bl,
cVcB lhc 8cSlhclIC IS SuDDI0IB8lc0 lD lhc QIIm8Cj D 0ISCuISIVc DgIC. `1 h8Vc uSc0
lhc DgIC8 HBClIDBS D ]u0gIBg lD hcQ mc DB0 lhc ccmculS lh8l ]u0gmcul l8XcS
IBlD CDBSI0cI8lIDB WhcB Il IccClS |SIBCc cVcB 8 ]u0gmcBl D l8Slc SlI h8S IccI-
cBCc lD lhc uB0cISl8u0IBg) . h8Vc cX8mIuc0 lhc ccmcBl D Qu8Ilj DISl, DcC8uSc
8B 8cSlhclIC ]u0gmcul 8DDul lhc Dc8ulIH IS CDBCcHc0 DISl WIlh Il.

hc SlIDBgcSl
DulDSS D SuD]cClIVc 8cSlhclICS, lhc CDBCcQl D 8cSlhclIC ccIug, 0cIIVcS IDm DD-
]cClIVIlj, BDl lhc IcVcISc. PcSlhclIC ccIBg S8jS lh8l SDDclhIBg IS lhuS, lh8l SDmc-
lhIug IS Dc8ulIu, 8Bl WDu0 h8Vc 8lUIDulc0 SuCh 8cSlhclIC ccIBg, 8S `l8Slc,
cXCuSIVcj lD Duc WhD W8S C8Q8Dc D 0ISCIIH1u8lBg IB lhc DD]cCl. 8Slc IS BDl
0cDBc0 IB PIISlDlcI8B 8ShIDB Dj SjmQ8lhj 8B0 c8I, lhc 8DcClS QIDVDXc0 Iu lhc
VIcWcI. hc CDBl8mIB8UDB D 8cSlhclIC ccIBg WIlh uBmc0I8lc0 QSjChDDgIC8
cmDlIDBS Dj lhc CDuCcQl D 8IDuS8 mISIBlcIQIclS lhc mD0IDC8lIDB D Ic8 cXQcII-
cBCc Dj 8IlISlIC cXQcIIcBCc. 1l WDu0 DlhcIWISc Dc IBcXQIC8Dc Whj QcDQc cXQDSc
lhcmScVcS lD 8cSlhclIC cXQcIIcBCc IB lhc DISl Q8Cc. PcSlhclIC ccIBg IS BDl lhc
ccIug lh8l IS 8IDuSc0. l IS 8SlDuIShmcul VIS-8-VIS Wh8l IS Dchc0 I8lhcI lh8u VIS-
8-VIS Wh8l Il IS 8DDul, Il IS 8 DcIBg DVcIWhcmc0 Dj Wh8l IS 8CDBCcQlu8 8B0 jcl
0clcImB8lc, uDl lhc SuD]cClIVc cCl Icc8Sc0, U8l IB Uc C8Sc D 8cSlhclIC cXQcII-
cuCc m8j Dc C8c0 ccIBg. hgDcS lD lhc hc8Il D lhc m8llcI, IS lhc ccIBg DI Il
8u0 BDl 8 IcDcX D lhc DDScIVcI. hc DDScIVIBg SuD]cClIVIlj IS lD Dc SUIClj 0ISlIB-
guIShc0 Dm lhc SuD]cClIVc ccmcBl IB lhc DD]cCl, lh8l IS, tDm lhc DD]cClS cX-
QIcSSIDB 8S Wc 8S Dm IlS SuD]cClIVcj mc0I8lc0 DIm. hc QucSlIDB, hDWcVcI,
D Wh8l IS 8u0 Wh8l IS BDl 8B 8IlWDIX C8uuDl IB 8Bj W8j Dc ScQ8I8lc0 IDm lhc 8C-
ulj D ]u0gIBg, lh8l IS, Dm lhc QucSlIDu D Qu8Ilj, D gDD0 8B0 D80. hc I0c8 D
8 D80 8IlWDIX h8S SDmclhIBg BDBScBSIC8 8DDul Il. Il mISC8IIIcS, I Il 8IS lD
8ChIcVc IlS Imm8ucBl CDuSlIlulIDu, Il 8IS IlS DWB CDBCcQl 8u0 SIBXS DcBc8lh lhc
5UBJLL1-OB!LL1 c !5
8QIIDII D 8Il. u 81l, ]u0gmculS D Ic8lIVc mcIIl, 8QQc8S lD 8cSS 8u0 lDcI8lIDu
D lhc h8-DuIShc0, 8 CDmmDuScuSc cXCuScS 8u0 cVcu lD8l D hum8uIlj, Mc 8Sc,
lhcII Iu0ugcuCc 08m8gcS lhc 81lWDIX Dj ImQICIlj IQuI08lIug IlS C8Im lD Uulh.
PS Dug 8S lhc DDuu08Q lh8l 8Il SclS uQ 8g8IuSl Ic8Ilj h8S uDl Dccu W8Shc0 8W8j,
lDcI8uCc DI D80 WDIXS ~DDIIDWc0 m Ic8Ilj ~IS 8 VID8lIDu D 8Il.
D Dc 8Dc lD S8j WIlh gDD0 Ic8SDu Whj 8u 8IlWDIX IS Dc80lIu, lI0c, CDhcIcul, DI
cgIlIm8lc 0DS uDl mc8u Ic0uCIug Il lD IlS uuIVcIS8 CDuCcQlS, cVcu I lhIS DQcI8-
lIDu~WhICh 8ul DDlD 0cSIIc0 8u0 CDulcSlc0~WcIc QDSSIDc. u cVcIj 8IlWDIX,
8u0 uDl Duj Iu lhc 8QDII8 D lhc 8Culj D HHcClIVc ]u0gmcul, lhc uuIVcIS8 8u0
lhc Q8IlICu8I 8Ic 0cuScj IulcIlWIuc0. 8ul lDuChcS Du lhIS Whcu hc 0cHucS lhc
Dc8ulIu 8S lh8l WhICh Qc8ScS uuIVcIS8j WIlhDul IcQuI1Iug 8 CDuCcQl.` hIS
uuIVcIS8Ilj, Iu SQIlc D 8ul S 0cSQcI8lc cDIl, C8uuDl Dc 0IVDICc0 IDm ucCcS-
SIlj, lh8l SDmclhIug Qc8ScS uuIVcIS8j IS cQ0IV8cul lD lhc ]u0gmcul lh8l Il
muSl Qc8Sc c8Ch 8u0 cVcIj QcISDu, DI DlhcIWISc Il WDu0 Dc mcIcj 8u cmQIIIC8
Sl8lcmcul. 3cl uuIVcIS8Ilj 8u0 ImQICIl ucCcSSIlj Hm8Iu Iuc0Cl8Dc CDuCcQlS,
8u0 lhcII uuIlj, 8S 8ul CDuCcIVc0 Il, Iu lhc 8Cl D Qc8SIug IS cXlcD8 lD lhc WDIX.
hc IcQuIIcmcul D lDc SuDSumQlIDu D Q81lICu8IS lD Uc uuIjIug CDuCcQl U8uS-
gIcSScS 8g8IuSl lhc I0c8 D CDuCcQld8IZ8lIDu Dm WIlhu lh8l, Dj mc8uS D lhc
CDuCcQl D Hu8Ilj, W8S lD CDDcCl Iu DDlh Q8IlS D lhc Critiqae c/Jadmentlhc
C8SSIDC8lDIj mclhD0 D lDcDIclIC8, u8luI8-SCIculIDC Ic8SDu lh8l cmQh8lC8j
Ic]cClS XuDWc0gc D lhc DD]cCl IDm WIlhIu. u lhIS Icg8I0, 8ul S 8cSlhclICS IS 8
hjDII0 0ccuSccSSj cXQDSc0 lD McgcS CIIUQuc. MIS 80V8uCc m0Sl Dc cm8uCI-
Q8lc0 Dm 8DSD0lc I0c8ISm, lhIS IS lhc l8SX lh8l lD08j CDuIDulS 8cSlhclICS. hc
8mDIV8cuCc D 8ul S lhcDIj, hDWcVcI, IS 0cHuc0 Dj hIS QhIDSDQhj 8S 8 WhDc,
Iu WhICh lhc CDuCcQl D QuIQDSc Duj cXlcu0S lhc C8lcgDIj IulD IlS Icgu8lVc 0Sc
8u0 lhuS lD lhIS cXlcul 8SD CIICumSCIDcS Il. Mc XuDWS Wh8l Il IS lh8l Ml Sh8IcS
WIlh 0ISCuISIVc XuDWc0gc, Dul uDl lh8l WhcIcDj 8Il 0IVcIgcS Qu8Il8lIVcj Dm Il,
lhc 0ISlIuClDu DCDmcS lhc Q08SI-m8lDcm8lIC8 Duc DlWccu lhc Hulc 8u0 lhc Iu-
DuIlc. D SIugc I0c Dj WhICh Uc ]u0gmcul D l8Slc muSl SuDS0mc IlS DD]cClS, uDl
cVcu lhc lDl8Ilj D lhcSc I0cS, h8S 8ujlhIug lD S8j 8DD0l lhc 0IguIlj D 8u MWDIX.
bD Dug 8S Uc CDuCcQl D ucCcSSIlj, 8S CDuSlIlulVc D 8cSlhclIC ]u0gmcul, IS uDl
Ic0cClc0 IulD IlSc, Il SImQj IcQID0uCcS lhc 0clcImuISlIC mcCh8uISm D cmQIII-
C8 Ic8Ilj, lh8l mcCh8uISm lh8l IlSc Duj IcDS Iu MWDIXS Iu 8 Sh80DWj 8u0
mD0IHc0 DIm, jcl lDc SlIQu8lIDu lD8l Dc8ulj Dc uuIVcIS8j Qc8SIug QIcSuQQDScS
8 CDuScul lh8l IS, lDDugh WIUDul 80mIllIug Il, SuDDI0Iu8lc lD SDCI8 CDuVculIDu. h,
hDWcVcI, lhcSc lWD ccmculS 8Ic hMcSSc0 lDgclhcI Iu lDc IulcIgIDc Ic8m lhcu
8ulS 0DClIuc DIcIlS IlS CDulcul [hhul| . l IS QDSSIDc CDuCIclcj lD CDuCcIVc D
8IlWDIXS lh8l H lhc 8ulI8u ]00gmcul D l8Slc 8u0 ucVcIlhccSS mISS lhc m8IX.
LlhcI WDIXS, Iu0cc0 ucW 81l 8S 8 WhDc, CDuU80ICl lh8l ]u0gmcul 8u0 Mc h8I0j
0uIVcIS8j Qc8SIug, 8u0 jcl lhcj C8uuDl UcIcDj Dc DD]cClIVcj 0ISQ08IHc0 8S 8Il.
8ul 8ChIcVcS hIS gD8 D lDc DD]cClIVIlj D 8cSlDclICS, ]uSl 8S hc 0DcS U8l D lhc
DD]cClIVIlj D clhICS, Dj W8j D 0uIVcIS8j CDuCcQl08 DImIZ8lIDu. hIS DIm8-
! L 5UB!LL1-OB!LL1
IZ8lIDu IS, DDW6V6I, CDuU8Ij lD 86SlD6lIC QD6uDm6u8 8S WD8l IS CDuSlIlulIV6j
Q8IlICu8I. D8l 68CD 8IlWDIK WDu0 u660 lD D6 8CCDI0Iu_ lD IlS QuI6 CDuC6Ql IS
6SS6ulI8 lD uDu6. DHu8IZ8lIDu, 8u 8Cl D SuD]6ClIV6 I68SDu, DIC6S 8Il D8CK IulD
QI6CIS6j lD8l m6I6j SuD]6ClIV6 SQD6I6~ulIm8l6j lD8l D CDulIu_6uCj~IDm
WDICD 8ul W8ul60 lD WI6Sl Il 8u0 WDICD 8Il IlS6 I6SISlS. PS CDuU8Ij QD6S, SuD-
]6ClIV6 8u0 DD]6ClIV6 86SlD6lICS 8I6 6gu8j 6XQDS60 lD lD6 CIIlIgu6 D 8 0I86ClIC8
86SlD6lICS. lD6 DHH6I D6C8uS6 Il IS 6IlD6I 8DSlI8Clj UmSC6u06ul8 DI 8IDIUIj Iu
IlS 06Q6u06uC6 Du Iu0IVI0u8 l8Sl6, lD6 8ll6I D6C8uS6 Il DV6IDDKS lD6 DD]6ClIV6
m60I8l60u6SS D 8Il Dj lD6 SuD]6Cl. u lD6 8IlWDIK lD6 SuD]6Cl IS u6IlD6I lD6 DD-
S6IV6I uDI lD6 CI68lDI uDI 8DSDul6 SQIIIl, Dul I8lD6I SQIIIl DDuu0 uQ WIlD, QI6DD60
8u0 m60I8l60 Dj lD6 DD]6Cl.
tDI lD6 8UWDIK 8u0 lDuS DI IlS lD6DIj, SuD]6Cl 8u0 DD]6Cl 8I6 IlS DWu QIDQ6I 66-
m6ulS 8u0 lD6j 8I6 0I86ClIC8 Iu SuCD 8 8SDIDu lD8l WD8l6V6I lD6 WDIK IS CDm-
QDS60 D~m8l6II8 , 6XQI6SSIDu, 8u0 DHu~IS 8W8jS DDlD. D6 m8l6II8S 8I6
SD8Q60 Dj lD6 D8u0 IDm WDICD lD6 8IlWDIK I6C6IV60 lD6m, 6XQI6SSIDu, DD]6ClI-
V8l60 Iu lD6 WDIK m0 DD]6ClIV6 Iu IlS6, 6ul6IS 8S 8 SuD]6ClIV6 ImQuS6, DHu, I Il
IS uDl lD D8V6 8 m6CD8uIC8 I68lIDuSDIQ lD WD8l IS DHH60, muSl D6 QID0uC60 SuD-
]6ClIV6j 8CCDI0Iu_ lD lD6 06m8u0S D lD6 DD]6Cl. D8l CDuDulS 8IlISlS WIU lD6
KIu0 D DD]6ClIV6 ImQ6u6lI8DIIlj WIlD WDICD lD6II m8l6II8 SD Dl6u CDuIDulS
lD6m, 8u ImQ6u6II8DIIlj m8D_DuS lD U6 CDuSlIuClIDu D U6 _IV6u Iu 6QISl6mD-
D_j, IS 8l lD6 S8m6 lIm6 S60Im6ul60 SuD]6Cl, Il IS 6XQI6SSIDu, lD8l WDICD 8QQ68IS
mDSl SuD]6ClIV6, Dul WDICD IS 8SD DD]6ClIV6 Iu U8l Il IS WD8l lD6 8IlWDIK 6XD8uSlS
IlS6 Du 8u0 WD8l Il IuCDIQDI8l6S, Du8j, Il IS 8 SuD]6ClIV6 CDmQDIlm6ul Iu WDICD
DD]6ClIVIIj 68V6S IlS ImQIIul. ul lD6 I6CIQIDIlj D SuD]6Cl 8u0 DD]6Cl Iu lD6 WDIK,
WDICD C8uuDl D6 lD8l D I06ulIlj, m8Iul8IuS 8 QI6CMIDuS D88uC6. D6 SuD]6ClIV6
QIDC6SS D lD6 WDIK S QID0uClIDu IS, WIlD I6_8I0 lD IlS QIIV8l6 0Im6uSIDu, 8 m8ll6I
D Iu0I6I6uC6. 36l lD6 QIDC6SS 8SD D8S 8u DD]6ClIV6 0Im6uSIDu lD8l IS 8 CDu0IlIDu
DI lD6 I68IZ8lIDu D IlS Imm8u6ul 8Wuu6SS. l IS 8S 8DDI, 8u0 uDl 8S CDmmuuI-
C8lIDu, lD8l lD6 SuD]6Cl Iu Ml CDm6S IulD IlS DWu. l muSl D6 lD6 8IlWDIK S Iu-
6uCl8D6 8mDIlIDu lD 8CDI6V6 D88uC6 WIlDDul 6V6I D6Iu_ QuIl6 8D6 lD 0D SD. DIS
IS m 8SQ6Cl D 86SlD6lIC S6mD8uC6. D6 Iu0IVI0u8 8IlISl 8SD HuClIDuS 8S lD6 6X-
6CulDI D lDIS D88uC6. l IS DM0 lD S8j WD6lD6I, Iu U6 QID0uClIDu QIDC6SS, D6 IS
8C60 WIlD 8 S6-ImQDS60 l8SK, lD6 m8ID6 DDK Iu WDICD 8 SCuQluI6 W8IlS, lD6
QI8uD K6jS Iu WDICD 8 CDmQDSIlIDu W8IlS lD D6 I668S60, 8I6 QIDD8Dj mDI6 lD8u
m6l8QDDIS DI lD6 l8SK. D6 l8SKS D68I lD6II DD]6ClIV6 SDulIDu Iu lD6mS6V6S, 8l
68Sl WIlDIu 8 C6Il8Iu V8II8lIDu8 I8u_6, lDDu_D lD6j 0D uDl D8V6 lD6 uuIVDCIlj D
6gu8lIDuS. D6 8Cl C8III60 Dul Dj lD6 8IUSl IS mIuIm8, lD8l D m60I8lIu_ D6lW66u
lD6 QIDD6m lD8l CDuDulS DIm 8u0 IS 8I680j 06l6ImIu60, 8u0 lD6 SDuUDu, WDICD
IS IlS6 SImI8Ij D0_60 Iu lD6 m8l6II8 8S 8 QDl6ulI8. lD6 lDD D8S D66u C860
lD6 6Xl6uSIDu D 8u , lD6 8IlISl CDu0 D6 C860 lD6 6Xl6uSIDu D 8 lDD, 8 lDD DI
lD6 lI8uSIlIDu Dm QDl6ulI8Ilj lD 8Clu8Ilj.
PIlS Iu_uISlIC gu8Ilj _IV6S IIS6 lD I6H6ClIDu DV6I WD8l SQ68KS Iu 8Il, lDIS IS IlS
5UBJLL1OBJLL1 L !7
VcIll8Dc SuD]cCl, uDl lhc Iu0lVl0u8 WhD m8XcS ll DI lhc Duc WhD IcCclVcS ll. hlS
IS m8SXc0 Dj lhc jIlC8 , WhlCh lu CDucSSIug h8S DVcI lhc CculuIlcS QID0uCc0
lhc ScmD8uCc D lhc Sc-cVl0cuCc D QDcllC SuD]cCllVIlj. ul lhlS SuD]cClIVIlj lS
Du uD 8CCDuul l0cullC8 Wllh lhc lh8l SQc8XS lu lhc QOm. hlS lS uDl Duj DcC8uSc
D lhc QOllC DClIDu8 Ch8I8ClcI D QDclIj 8u0 D muSlC, lu WhICh SuD]cClIVc cX-
QIcSSIDu SC8ICcj cVcI CDluCl0cS lmmc0l8lcj WIlh lhc CDu0lllDu D lhc CDmQDScI.
t8I mDIc ImQDIl8ul IS lh8l lhc gI8mm8lIC8 D lhc QDcm lS Duj QDSllc0 Dj lhc
U8l SQ8XS 8lculj lhIDugh lhc WDIX, lhc cmQC8 lS 8 HuCllDu D lhc SQIDlu8
, uDl lhc IcVcISc. hc Q8Il Q8jc0 Dj lhc cmQlIlC8 lS uDl, 8S lhc lDQDS D SIuCcI-
llj WDu0 h8Vc ll, Uc DCuS D 8ulhcullCllj. l Icm8luS uu0cCl0c0 WhclhcI lhc 8-
lcul , lhc SQc8Xlug , lS lhc S8mc lu lhc 0IcIcul gcuIcS D 8Il 8u0 WhclhcI DI uDl H
Ch8ugcS, ll m8j V8Ij Qu8ll8llVcj 8CCDI0lug lD lhc m8lcII8S D lhc 8IlS, lhclI SuD
SumQlIDu uu0cI lhc 0uDlDuS SuDDI0Iu8lIug CDuCcQl D 8Il DDSCuIcS lhlS. u 8uj
C8Sc, lhlS 8lcul IS lmm8uculj CDuSlllulc0 Iu lhc WDIX lhIDugh Uc 8CllDu D lhc
WDIXS 8ugu8gc, lu Ic8llDu lD Uc WDIX, lhc lu0lVl0u8 WhD QID0uCcS ll lS 8u cc-
mcul D Ic8llj IXc DlhcIS. hc QIlV8lc QISDu lS uDl cVcu 0cClSlVc lu lhc 8Clu8
QIOuCllDu D 8IlWDIXS. mQlCllj lhc 8IlWDIX 0cm8u0S lhc 0lVlSIDu D 8DDI, 8u0
lhc lu0IVI0u8 uuCllDuS 8CCDI0Iugj. j cuUuSllug llSc Hj lD IlS m8lcIl8, QID-
0uCllDu IcSulS lu SDmclhlug uulVcIS8 DDH Dul D lhc ulmDSl lu0IVI0u8llDu. hc
DICc Wllh WhlCh lhc QIlV8lc IS cXlcH8lZc0 Iu lhc WDIX lS lhc S CDcCllVc
cSScuCc, Il CDuSlllulcS lhc lugulSllC Qu8llj D WDIXS. hc 8DDI lu lhc 8DWDIX
DcCDmcS SDCI8 Dj W8j D lhc lu0lVl0u8, lhDugh lhc lu0IVI0u8 ucc0 uDl Dc
CDuSCIDuS D SDClclj, QIh8QS lhlS lS 8 Uc mDIc uc lhc cSS lhc lu0lVI0u8 IS
CDuSClDuS D SDClclj. hc lulcIVculug lu0lVl0u8 SuD]cCl lS SC8ICcj mDIc lh8u 8
ImIllug V8uc, SDmclhlug DluIm8 IcQulIc0 Dj lhc 8IlWDIX DI llS CIjSl8lZ8llDu.
hc cm8uCIQ8llDu D lhc 8IlWDIX IDm lhc 8IllSl lS uD / ' urtpcar / ' urt0cuSIDu D
gI8u0cuI Dul lhc SImQcSl cXQIcSSlDu D lhc WDIX S CDuSlllullDu lhc cXQIcSSIDu
D 8 SDCl8 Ic8llDu lh8l Dc8IS lu llSc lhc 8W D llS DWu IcIDC8llDu. Luj 8S lhIugS
0D 8IlWDIXS DcCDmc lhc 8ulllhcSlS D lhc IcIDc0 mDuSlIDSIlj. LDIIcSQDu0lugj,
8u0 lhIS lS Xcj lD 8Il, cVcu Dul D SD-C8c0 lu0IVI0u8 WDIXS ll lS 8 c lh8l SQc8XS
8u0 uDl 8u ~Iu0cc0 8 lhc mDIc SD lhc cSS lhc 8IlWDIX 808QlS cXlcH8j lD 8 c
8u0 IlS I0lDm. McIc 8g8lu muSlC gIVcS lhc mDSl cXUcmc cXQIcSSIDu lD CcIl8lu Ch8I-
8ClcIISlICS D lhc 8IlISllC, lhDugh lhlS lDD Dj uD mc8uS DcSlDWS 8uj QIlm8Cj Du
muSIC. NuSlC S8jS c 0lIcClj, Icg8I0cSS D llS lulculIDuS. LVcu lhc 0cQDSIllDu8
WDIXS D IlS cXQIcSSlDuISl Qh8Sc HgISlcI Dlu0lug cXQcIlcuCcS, 8u0 lhc WDIXS
DIu0lugucSS, lhcII DIm8llVc DICc, 0cQcu0S Du WhclhcI lhcSc cXQcIlcuCcS 8Clu8j
SQc8X lhIDugh Uc WDIXS. u cSlcH muSlC ll WDu0 Dc QDSSlDc lD 0cmDuSU8lc
hDW muCh llS mDSl ImQDIl8ul 0ISCDVcIj, lhc h8ImDulC 0cQlh 0lmcuSlDu, 8S Wc 8S
8 CDuulcIQDlul 8u0 QDjQhDuj, lS lhc c D lhc ChDIIC Illu8 lh8l h8S QcucU8lc0
IulD lhc m8lcIl8. hc c lulID0uCcS IlS llcI8ucSS lI8uSDImc0 8u lmm8uculj
8ClIug DICc 8u0 jcl m8lul8luS lhc Qu8llj D SQccCh. IlcI8Ij DIDS, Dj lhclI 0IIcCl
8u0 ulIm8lcj IucSC8Q8Dc QMICIQ8lIDu Iu CDDmuuIC8lIVc 8ugu8gc, 8Ic Ic8lc0
l8 c 5UB!LL1-OB!LL1
h8C,Ct lhC88kCClhCttCWBClCQuCBCClhCymu8l8utVClCHCClhCm8ClVC8C
8ll CXlCm8l CCmmuBtC8ltVCBC88. ul lht8 QtCCC88 t8 BCl88 tl 8QQC8t8 lC bC Ct
8CCm8 lCtl8CllC bCCBCCQutC 8ub]CCltVtZ8ltCB.htCughlht8QtCCC88lhC 8ub-
]CClCtm8 tl8CllCCCllCCltVCCXQCttCBCC 8lllhCmCtC tBltm8lClylhCmCtCtlh8td-
CB8 tl8Cl8g8tB8l ltBgut8ltC8lly tCtbCd CXQtC88tCB.hC Ql88ltC 8tl8 8QC8k lhtCugh
lhC HCW C 8QQCtCCQltCB.hCttC t8 8tmQly lhC 8CB8Cttum 8CCCtdtBg lC tl8ht8-
lCttC8lCCBdtltCBQut8uCdlClhCQCtBllh8ltlbu8k8lhCtCl8ltCBlCtCQtC8CBl8ltCB8l
Cb]CCltVtly lh8l W88 mCdtbCd by VttluC C lhC dCVClCQmCBl C tl8 l8Bgu8gC C
Ctm.m8gC8 88y. ChCld| ,lhCyh8VClhCtt CCllCCltVC 8ub]CCltBWh8llhCyQCtBl
lC,WhtCht8CulW8td,BCltBW8td88Wtlhmu8tC.mlhCQClCBlt8ltCBCtl8ltBgut8ltC
Qu8\tQ lhCht8lCty C 8tl~WhtCh t8 CQutV8\CBllC lh8l C QtCgtC88tVC tBdtVtdu8l-
tZ8ltCB~t8 8llhC 88mCltmC tl8 CQQC8tlC. h8llht8 C t8,hCWCVCt, BCl 8CCt8lly
uBtVCC8l,lh8ltlt8h8tdlylh8lC8dClCImtB8lCCl888Ct8CCt8lQC8tltCB8,h88tl8Ctt-
gtBQCth8Q8tBlhC8Cllh8llClht8d8y8tltBlhCCmQh8ltC 8CB8Ch88CBlyCXt8lCd88
bCuIgCCt8 8tl, 8CCCtdtBg lC tCl8ky 8 lhC8t8, BC QtClCl8t8B 0 t8 CCBCCtV8blC,
CBly 8CCt8lt8l 0. hC 8C8lhCltC C t8 8 8CCt8lWhClC CB ChCItZCBC8CCtl8tB
tBdClCtmtB8lCBC88,lhCugh,gt8BlCd,88dClCImtB8lC88lhC tultBgQtCduCltVCCtCC8
8BdtCl8ltCB8 C8BCQCCh. PllhCugh 8tl t8lCmQlCdlC 8BltCtQ8lC 8BCBCXt8lCBl 8C-
Ct8l WhClC,tl8 BCB-CXt8lCBl8ub]CCl,8Bd t8lhCuby mCtClh8B tdCClCgy,tlbC8t8 8l
lhC 88mC ltmC lhC m8tkClht8 8ub]CCl8BCB-CXt8lCBCC.hC 8Bl8gCBt8m8C8CCt-
Cly8tCBCVCIlhClC88 QtC8CtVCd tB tl.Ptlt8UC tB8C8t 88Wh8l8QC8k8CulCtl-
tBdCCd,tltl8Clt8CCBtCltBgmduBtCCCBCtlCd,bullht8UlhCBlybCCCmC808
CWBWhCBtl8yBlhC8tZC8Wh8lt8t8ClutCd8Bdlhu8m8C8Il8tttCCCBCtl8btltlydC-
tCtmB8tC.0t8dCXC8y,mmu8tlC8tytCthCuntCCCBClCd0nd8tthC88mCtmC
CBVt8tCBtl8tCCCBCtlt8ltCB,lht8t88g88tbtltlyCBlyCttl8BCBdt8Cut8tVCl8Bgu8gC.
LBlytBlht8QtCCC88t8tl8C CCBCtCltZCd. h8l8QC8k8CulCtl,hCWCVCt,t8uly
tl8 8ub]CCl tB8C8t 88 tl tBdCCd 8QC8k8 Cul C tl t8lhCt lh8B bCtBg 8CmClhtBg dC-
QtClCdby tl.hCltl\CClhCtBCCmQm8blC BB8\QtCCCCbChummB 8 Scenes/rom
ChJdhood, hColbQC8k8, CBCClhCC8tltC8lmCdCl8 CCXQtC88tCBt8lmu8tC,
l8kC8 CCgBtZ8BCC C lht8. ul lhC 8C8lhCltC 8ub]CCl t8 QtCb8bly untCQtC8CBl8blC
bCC8u8C,bCtBg 8Ot8lly mCdt8lCd,tlt8BCmCtC CmQtItC8l lh8BlhClI8B8CCBdCBl8l
8ub]CClCQhtlC8CQhy.hCCb]CCltV8ltCBClhC8tlWCtkl8kC8Ql8CC8llhCCC8lC
lhC tCQltC8ltCB ClhC ltVtBg.PtlWCtk8 WtBltC CBlyWhCB lhCytCBCuBCC ltkCRC88
lC lhC hum8B. `hC CXQtC88tCB C8B uB8dullCt8lCd CCltBg t8 8W8y8 b8B8l. hC
mCtCuB8dullCt8lCd,lhCmCtCb8B8l.PCllCbCb8B8l tCQuttC8 CHCIl."
hC 8tlWCtk bCCCmC8 Cb]CCltVC 8CmClhtBg m8dC lhtCugh 8Bd lhtCugh,lh8l t8,
byVtluCClhC 8ub]CCltVC mCdt8ltCBC8llCtl8 ClCmCBl8.hC tB8tghlClhC Ctt-
ltQuCCkBCWlCdgClh8l8ub]CCltVtly8BdtCtbC8ltCB8tCCCttCl8ltVCtCCCtVC8uBQ8t-
8llClCd CCBBIm8ltCB tB 8C8lhCltC8. hC 8CmblmCC Ch8t8ClCtC8tlWCtk8,lhC tllu-
8tCB C lhCIt bCtBg-tB-tl8Cl, tCCt8 b8Ck lC lhC 8Cl 8l tB lhC lCl8ltly C CtI
8ub]CCltVCmCdt8lCdBC88lhCyl8CQ8tltBlhCuBtVCt88ldClu8tCB8lCCBlCXlCtCtb-
C8ltCB,8Bd,lh8l,tBmmXt8BlCtm8,lhCyBCCdlCtCCCl8tCl8ltCBCltVtBgl8bCt88
5UBJLC1-B!LC1 c !
I Il WcIc 8 lhIu_. hc IuucI COuSISlcuCy lhIOu_h WhICh MlWOIKS Q8IlICIQ8lc Iu
Uulh 8SO IuVOVcS lhcII uuUulh, Iu IlS mOSl uu_u8I0c0 m8uIcSl8lIOuS 8Il h8S
8W8yS IcVOlc0 8_8IuSI lh1S, 8u0 IO08y lhIS IcVOl h8S DcCOmc 8IlS OWu 8W O
mOVcmcul. hc 8ulIuOmy O Uc Uulh 8u0 uulIuIh O 8Il m8y h8Vc mOVc0 Mc_c lO
OIcR IlS cu0. I80IlIOu8 8cSlhclICS QOSScSSc0 lhc IuSI_hl lh8l lhc QIIm8Cy O Ihc
WhOc OVcI lhc Q8IlS h8S COuSlIlulIVc ucc0 O lhc 0IVcISc 8u0 lh8l lhIS QIIm8Cy
mISDIcS Whcu II IS SImQy ImQOSc0 IOm 8DOVc. O cSS COuSIIlulIVc, hOWcVcI, IS
lh8l uO MlWOIK h8S cVcI DOu Hy 80cQu8lc Iu lhIS Ic_M0. LI8ulc0, Ihc mulIQICI-
lOuS Iu lhc 8cSlclIC COulIuuum W8ulS SyulhcSIS, ycI 8l lhc S8mc lImc, DcIu_ 0clcI-
mIuc0 cXlI8-8cSlhcIIC8y, Il WIlh0I8WS IOm SyulhcSIS. hc SyulhcSIS lh8l IS cX-
lI8QO8lc0 Oul O mulIQICIly, WhICh Il h8S 8S 8 QOlculI8 Iu IlSc, IS uu8VOI08Dy
8SO lhc uc_8l1Ou O lhIS mulIQICIly. hc cQuIIDIIum SOu_hI Dy OIm muSl mIS-
DIc IuIcDmy DcC8uSc cXlcD8y, mcl8-8cSlhclIC8y, Il 0OcS uOI cXISl. Pul8_O-
uISmS lh8l 8Ic uuSOVc0 Iu Ic8IIy C8uuOl Dc SOVc0 Im8_Iu8lIVcy cIlhcI, Ihcy
WOIK IhcII W8y IulO Ihc Im8_Iu8lIOu 8u0 8Ic IcQIO0uCc0 Iu Im8_Iu8lIOuS OWu Iu-
COuSISlcuCy, Iu 8Cl, UIS h8QQcuS Iu QIOQOIlIOu lO lhc IuIcuSIly WIlh WhICh Ucy
QuISuc IhcII COhcIcuCc. PIlWOIKS muSl 8Cl 8S I lhc ImQOSSIDc WcIc OI Ihcm QOS-
SIDc, lhc I0c8 O lhc QcIcClIOu O WOIKS, WIlh WhICh uOuc C8u 0ISQcuSc cXCcQl
8I lhc COSl O IlS OWu UIVI8Ily, W8S 0uDIOuS. PIlISlS h8Vc 8 h8I0 8lc uOl Ouy
DcC8uSc O lhcII 8W8yS uuCcIl8Iu 8lc Iu Ihc WO0 Dul DcC8uSc l0IOu_h lcII OWu
cOIlS lhcy ucCcSSMIy WOIK 8_8IuSl lc 8cSlhclIC Uulh lO WhICh lcy 0cVOlc
lhcmScVcS. u8SmuCh 8S SuD]cCl 8u0 OD]cCl h8Vc DcCOmc 0IS]OIul Iu hISIOIIC8 Ic-
8Ily, 8II IS QOSSIDc Ouy Iu lh8l Il Q8SSc0 IhIOu_h lhc SuD]cCl. OI mImcSIS O Wh8l
IS uOI 80mIuISlcD0 Dy lhc SuD]cCl h8S uO OlhcI OCuS lh8u Iu Ihc IVIu_ SuD]cCl. hc
OD]cClIV8lIOu O 8Il IhIOu_h IlS Imm8ucul cXcCulIOu IcQuIIcS lhc hISlOIIC8 SuD]cCl.
lhc 8IIWOIK hOQcS IhIOu_h IlS OD]cClIV8lIOu lO 8ChIcVc lh8l UuIh lh8l IS hI00cu
IOm lhc SuD]cCI, lhcu lhIS IS SO DcC8uSc lhc SuD]cCl IS IlSc uOl uIIm8lc. hc Ic8-
lIOu O lhc OD]cClIVIly Olhc MlWOIK lO lhc QIIm8Cy O lhc OD]cCI IS I8CluIc0. hIS
OD]cClIVIly Dc8IS WIIucSS lO lhc QIIm8Cy O Uc OD]cCl Iu 8 COu0IlIOu O uuIVcIS8
I0I80Om Ih8l Ouy Iu lhc SuD]cCl QIOVI0cS 8 Q8Cc O Icu_c OI Wh8l IS Iu-IlSc,
WhIc 8l lhc S8mc IImc Ihc OIm O lhc OD]cClIVIIy O lhIS Iu-IlSc, WhICh IS 8 Scm-
D8uCc ccClc0 Dy lhc SuD]cCl, IS 8 CIIlIQuc O OD]cCIIVIly. hIS OD]cClIVIIy _I8ulS
cu cXCuSIVcy lO lhc membrudis]ectuO lhc WOI0 O OD]cClS, WhICh Ouy Iu 8
Sl8lc O 0cCOmQOSIlIOu DcCOmcS COmmcuSuI8Dc lO Uc 8W O OIm.
buD]cClIVIly, hOWcVcI, lOu_h 8 ucCcSS8Iy COu0IlIOu O lhc 8IlWOIK, IS uOl lhc 8cS-
IhcIIC Qu8Ily 8S SuCh DuI DcCOmcS Il Ouy lhIOu_h OD]cCIIV8IIOu, lO IhIS cXIcuI SuD-
]cClIVIIy Iu lhc 8IlWOIK IS Sc-8Icu8lc0 8u0 COuCc8c0. hIS IS uOl COmQIchcu0c0
Dy HIc_ S COuCcQl O `8IlISlIC VOIIIOu. cl lhIS COuCcQl 0ISCcDS 8u ccmcul cS-
SculI8 IO Imm8ucul CIIlIQuc. lh8l uOlIu_ cXlcD8 80]u0IC8IcS OVcI lhc uIVc8u O
8IlWOIKS. cy, uOl lhcII 8ulhOIS, 8Ic lhcII OWu mc8SuIc, Iu 8_ucIS WOI0S, lhcII
Sc-QOSIlc0 8W. hc QucSlIOu O lhcII OWu c_IlIm8lIOu IS uOl O0_c0 DcyOu0 lhcII
uDmcuI. O 8IlWOIK IS Ouy Wh8l Il 8SQIIcS IO Dc, DuI lhcIc IS uOuc lh8l IS mOIc
!70 | 5UB1LLT-OB1LLT
lh8u lhIS WIlhDul 8SQIIIug lD Dc SDmclhIug. hIS Dc8IS CDScy Du SQDul8ucIly, 8-
lhDugh QIcCIScy Il 8SD IuVDVcS lhc uDuVDIlIDu8. bQDul8ucIly mmIcSlS IlSc
QIIm8IIy Iu lhc CDuCcQlIDu D lhc WDIK, lhIDugh lhc 0cSIgu cVI0cul Iu Il. ul CDu-
CcQlIDu lDD IS uD ulIm8lc C8lcgDIy. l DHcu U8uSDImS lhc Sc-Ic8IZ8lIDu D
lhc mlWDIKS. hIS VIIlu8y lhc Sc8 D DD]cClIV8lIDu lh8l uu0cI lhc QIcSSuIc D IlS
Imm8ucul DgIC lhc CDuCcQlIDu IS 0ISQ8Cc0. hIS Sc-8Icu ccmcul lh8l WDIKS
CDuU8Iy lD lhc QuIQDIlc0 8IlISlIC VDIlIDu IS 8mII8I, SDmclImcS lcDIyIugy SD, lD
8IlISlS 8S lD CIIlICS, IclZSChc DID8Chc0 lhIS ISSuc 8l lhc cu0 D eycndCccdund
Evi/.hc ccmcul D Sc-8IcuucSS lh8l DCCuIS uu0cI lhc CDuSU8Iul D lhc m8lcII8
IS Iu0cc0 lhc Sc8 D Wh8l W8S mc8ul Dy gcuIuS. 8uylhIug IS lD Dc S8V8gc0 D
lhIS CDuCcQl Il muSl Dc SlIIQQc0 8W8y IDm IlS CIu0c cQu8lIDu WIlh lhc CIc8lIVc
SuD]cCl, WhD lhIDugh V8Iu cXuDcI8uCc DcWIlChcS lhc 8IlWDIK IulD 8 0DCumcul D IlS
m8KcI 8u0 lhuS 0ImIuIShcS Il. hc DD]cClIVIly D 8IlWDIKS-8 lhDH Iu lhc SI0c D
lhc Iuh8DIl8ulS D 8 SDCIcly D8Sc0 Du D8IlcI DcC8uSc lhcy mISl8Kcuy cXQcCl lh8l 8Il
WI mDIy lhc 8Icu8lIDu IS U8uS8lc0 D8CK IulD lhc QcISDu WhD Sl8u0S DchIu0
lhc WDIK, cVcu lhDugh hc IS uSu8y Duy lhc Ch8I8ClcI m8SK D lhDSc WhD W8ul
lD QIDmDlc lhc WDIK 8S 8u 8IlICc D CDuSumQlIDu. Duc 0DcS uDl SImQy W8ul lD
8DDISh lhc CDuCcQl D gcuIuS 8S 8 IDm8ulIC IcSI0uc, Il muSl Dc uu0cISlDD0 Iu lcImS
D IlS hISlDIICDQhIDSDQhIC8 DD]cClIVIly. hc 0IVcIgcuCc D SuD]cCl 8u0 Iu0IVI0u8,
80umDI8lc0 Iu 8ul S 8ulIQSyChDDgISm 8u0 I8ISc0 lD lhc cVc D 8 QIIuCIQc Iu
IChlc, l8KcS IlS lD Du 8Il, lDD. PIlS 8ulhcuHCIlyWh8l IS DIu0Iug Iu Il8u0 lhc
Hcc0Dm D lhc cm8uCIQ8lc0 Iu0IVI0u8 DcCDmc IcmDlc IDm c8Ch DlhcI. hc CDu-
CcQl D gcuIuS IcQIcSculS lhc 8llcmQl lD uuIlc lhc lWD WIlh 8 W8Vc D lhc Wu0, lD
DcSlDW lhc Iu0IVI0u WIlhIu lhc ImIlc0 SQhcIc D ml WIlD lhc Immc0I8lc QDWcI D
DVcI8IChIug 8ulhculICIly. hc cXQcIIculI8 CDulcul D SuCh mySlIDC8lIDu IS lh8l Iu
8Il 8ulhculICIly, lhc uuIVcIS8 ccmcul, IS uD DugcI QDSSIDc cXCcQl Dy W8y D lhc
pnncipiam individauticnis,]uSl 8S, CDuVcIScy, uuIVcIS8 DDuIgcDIS Hcc0Dm IS
cXCuSIVcy lh8l D Q8IlICu8IIZ8lIDu 8u0 Iu0IVI0u8lIDu. hIS Ic8lIDu, hDWcVcI, IS
Uc8lc0 DIu0y Dy lhc 8cSlhclICS D gcuIuS 8u0 0ISQ8Cc0 uu0I8cClIC8y IulD 8u
Iu0IVI0u8 WhD IS SuQQDSc0y 8l lhc S8mc lImc SuD]cCl, lhc inte//ectasurcheppas,
WhICh Iu lhc lhcDIy D KuDWc0gc IS cXQIcSSy lhc I0c8, IS lIc8lc0 Dy lhc CDuCcQl D
gcuIuS 8S 8 8Cl D 8Il. LcuIuS IS QuIQDIlc0 lD Dc lhc Iu0IVI0u8 WhDSc SQDul8ucIly
CDIuCI0cS WIlh lhc 8ClIDu D lhc 8DSDulc SuD]cCl. hIS IS CDIIcCl IuSD8I 8S lhc Iu-
0IVI0u8lIDu D 8IlWDIKS, mc0I8lc0 Dy SQDul8ucIly, IS lh8l Iu lhcm Dy WhICh lhcy
8Ic DD]cClIV8lc0. 3cl lhc CDuCcQl D gcuIuS IS 8Sc DcC8uSc WDIKS 8Ic uDl CIc8lIDuS
8u0 hum8uS 8Ic uDl CIc8lDIS. hIS 0cDucS lhc uulIulh D 8uy gcuIuS 8cSlhclICS U8l
SuQQIcSScS lhc ccmcul D HuIlc m8KIug, lhc 1vq Iu 8DWDIKS, Iu 8VDI D lhcII
8DSDulc DIIgIu8Ily, VIIlu8y lhcII nutamnutamns,Il lhuS SQ8WuS lhc I0cDDgy D
lhc DIg8uIC 8u0 uuCDuSCIDuS 8IlWDIK, WhICh HDWS IulD lhc muIKy CuIIcul D III8-
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5UB!LL1-OB!LL1 . !7!
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IS QuIQOIlc0 lO Dc mOIc cSScBlI8 lhM lhc 8IlWOIXS lhcmScVcS. B lhc COBCcQl O
gcBIuS Uc I0c8 O CIc8lIOB IS lI8BScDc0 WIlh I0c8ISUC huDIIS Om lhc lI8BSCcB-
0cBl8 lO lhc cmQIIIC8 SuD]cCl, lO lhc QIO0uClIVc 8IlISl. hIS SuIlS CIu0c DOuIgcOIS
COBSCIOuSBcSS 8S muCh DcC8uSc Il ImQIcS 8 WOIX clhIC lh8l gOIIDcS QuIc hum8B
CIc8lIVIly Icg8I0cSS O IlS 8Im 8S DcC8uSc lhc VIcWcI IS IcIcVc0 O l8XIBg 8By
UOuDc WIlh lhc OD]cCl IlSc. hc VIcWcI IS SuQQOSc0 lO Dc S8lISDc0 WIlh lhc
QcISOB8IlycSScBlI8y 8 XIlSCh DIOgI8QhyO lhc 8IlISl. hOSc WhO QIO0uCc
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IB0IVI0u8S. A 8cSlhclIC mcBl8Ily, hOWcVcI, lh8l WhOy SWcQl 8W8y lhc I0c8
O gcBIuS WOu0 0cgcBcI8lc IBlO 8 0cSO8lc, Qc08BlIC 8IlS-8B0-CIMlS mcBl8Ily
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Dc SOughl IB lhc OD]cCl, IB Wh8l IS OQcB, BOl IB lhc IcQclIlIOB O lhc ImQIISOBc0. B-
CI0cBl8y, lhc COBCcQl O gcBIuS 8S Il C8mc IB VOguc IB lhc 8lc cIghlccBlh CcBluIy
W8S IB BO W8y Ch8IISm8lIC, IB lh8l cQOCh, 8By IB0IVI0u8 COu0 DcCOmc 8 gcBIuS lO
lhc cXlcBl lh8l hc cXQIcSSc0 hImSc uBCOBVcBlIOB8y 8S B8luIc. LcBIuS W8S 8B 8l-
lIlu0c lO Ic8Ily, `IBgcBIOuS 0OIBgS, IB0cc0 8mOSl 8 COBVIClIOB OI I8mc O mIB0,
OBy 8lcI, QcIh8Q8 gIVcB lhc IBSuDCIcBCy O mcIc COBVIClIOB IB 8IlWOIXS, 0I0
gcBIuS DcCOmc 8 0IVIBc DcSSIBg. hc cXQcIIcBCc O Ic8 uBIcc0Om 0cSUOyc0 lhc
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Il IS Icc, ycl 8l lhc S8mc lImc Dc8IS lhc ccIBg O BcCcSSIly, Il IS 8IlS Q8I80OXIC8
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IlS BcWBcSS 8S I Il h80 8W8yS DccB lhcIc, IOm8BlICISm lOOX BOlc O lhIS. hc WOIX
!72 c 5UBHL-BHL
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CWCtKS.LXQCtICBCCd8tIISlSm8ybCCVCthC8tdtCCttIBg dCtISIVClylC8Q8SS8gC.
HCtC hCS 8 gCBIuS.hCy Ch8SlISC lhC IBuuSICB C8Bl8Sy IBlClhC lCgIC C lhC
WCtK, 8B IBltuSICB BCl SubSCQuCBly IBlCgt8lCd, IBSl8BCCS C lhIS 8tC CuBd BCl
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SIbIlIlyC8IutClhCtCISBClhIBggCBI8lIB8tlWCtKS.
CC8uSC CIlSCCmCBlCSCmClhIBg lh8lh8dBClCXISlCdbCCtC,lhC gCBI8l W8S
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h8lIBlhCItBCW WCtKS CCmQCSCtS ClhCSCVCBlCCBlh 8BdC8tlyCIghlCCBlh CCB-
lutICSm8dCuSCCWhClCSCClICBSClhCItCWBC8tICtWCtKS 8HdlhCSC CClhCtS,
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C8SIlymISuSCdlC]uSlI]C SlCtCClyQIC8l8BdtCulIBC8BdlCdCBCuBCC Sub]CCDVC
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C Cb]CCl CCtIlIC8l tCBCClICB,by BC mC8BS 8l CtC W8S BC CtIgIHmIQ IB 8tl-
WCtKS,CBCgl8BCC8lIhCdICtCBCCbClWCCB8Ch 8BdhISCCBlCmQCt8tICSSuBCCS
lCm8KClhCQCIBl.LtIgIB8lIly,lhC SQCCIhCIly C8dClCtmIB8lC8tlWCtK,ISBCl8BlI-
lhClIC8l lC lhC lCgIC8lIly C8tlWCtKS,WhICh ImQICS 8uBIVCtS8. LHCB CtIgIB8Ily
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WCtkSISmCmIBglCSS bCC8uSC lhC CotCICB CXCtCSCd byColCClIVCCCBSCICuSBCSS,
IB WhICh dCmIB8lICB CBltCBChCS IlSCl, W8S SC CXlCBSIVC lh8l CtIgIB8lIly, WhICh
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dCCS BClSCmuChSummCBuQlhCQtImCtdI8l8SlhCyettcbeIBWCtKS,lhCItulCQIC
u8CC. hC CtIgIB8 IS lhC Cb]CClIVC B8mC C C8Ch WCtK. h, hCWCVCt, CIIgIB8lIly
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mCd 8g8IBSllhC m8tKCl WhCtC Il W8S BCVCt QCtmIllCd lC gC byCBd 8 CCtl8IB
lImIl.lWIlhdtCW IBlClhCmlWCtKSlhCmSCVCS,IBlClhCuCBllCSSBCSSClhCItIB-
Rg8l Ctg8BIZ8lICB.LtIgIB8lIlytCm8IBS lCuChCdbylhC hISlCtIC8l8lCClhC C8lC-
gCty C IBdIVIdu8lBCSS HCm WhICh Il W8S dCtIVCd. LtIgIB8lIly BC lCBgCt CbCyS
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mC8BWhIC CCmC lC bC dCCtICd by lt8dIlICB8lISlS,WhC 8tC IB8CldCCBdIBgCCB-
VCBlICB8gCCdS,IBlhCmCSlQtCgtCSSIVCWCtKSIBdIVIdu8SlylC,CuBBIBglyItICKCd
CulClhC tCQuItCmCBlS CCCBSltuClICB,l8KCS CBC Qu8lIly C8blCmISh,8 dCh-
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8l lhc QIO0uCllOu O 8 ucW lyQc. LIlglu8lly lS lu lhc QIOCcSS O Dlug D8uSOImc0
lulO lhc 8Cl O luVcullug lyQcS, 8 lI8uSOIm8llOu lu WhlCh OIlglu8lly lS Ch8ugc0
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1hlS lI8uSOD8lIOu, WhlCh 8lOgclhcI ScVcIS OIIglu8lly HOm mcIc luSQII8llOu,
lhc uulguc 0clm U8l OuCc Sccmc0 lO Dc lhc SuDSl8uCc O OIIglu8lly, lhIOWS lghl
Ou 8Dl88y, llS OIg8uOu. 1u0cI lhc SQc O lhc Dclc lu lhc SuD]cCl 8S lhc CIc8lOIS
SuCCcSSOI, 8ul8Sy ccCllVcy mc8ul lhc C8Q8Clly lO DIIug OIlh SOmclhlug 0clcI-
mlu8lcy 8IlISllC Oul O uOUIug. lS CIu0c COuCcQl, lh8l O 8DSOulc luVcullOu, lS lhc
cX8Cl COID8lc O lhc mO0cD SClcullDC l0c8 O lhc SlIICl IcQIO0uCllOu O Wh8l
8Ic80y cXlSlS, hcIc lhc DOuIgcOlS 0lVlSlOu O 8DOI h8S IIOWc0 8 DcuCh lh8l
0lVl0cS 8l HOm 8uy mc0l8llOu Wllh Ic8lly, ]uSl 8S H 0lVl0cS KuOWc0gc HOm
cVcIylhlug lh8l lu 8uy W8y lI8uSCcu0S Ic8lly. 1hlS COuCcQl O 8ul8Sy W8S ucVcI
cSScull8 lO lmQOIl8ul MWOIKS, lhc luVcullOu, OI luSl8uCc, O 8ul8SlIC DlugS lu
COulcmQOI8Iy Q8SllC 8IlS lS O mluOI SlgulDC8uCc, ]uSl 8S lhc Su00cu lulcIVcullOu
O 8 muSlC8 mOll, UOugh h80y lO Dc 0lSCOuulc0, Icm8IuS QOWcIcSS SO Oug 8S
ll 0OcS uOl SuIQ8SS llS OWu 8Clu8lly lhIOugh Wh8l 0cVcOQS Oul O ll. cVcIylhlug
lu 8IlWOIKS, IuCu0lug Wh8l lS mOSl SuDlmc, lS DOuu0 uQ Wllh Wh8l cXlSlS, WhlCh
lhcy OQQOSc, 8ul8Sy C8uuOl Dc lhc mcIc C8Q8ClQ lO cSC8Qc lhc cXlSllug Dy QOSll-
lug lhc uOucXlSllug 8S l ll cXlSlc0. Lu lhc COulI8Iy, 8ul8Sy ShllS Wh8lcVcI 8Il-
WOIKS 8DSOID O lhc cXlSllug lulO COuSlc8llOuS lhIOugh WhlCh lhcy DcCOmc lhc
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lO cuVlSlOu 8 SUCly uOucXlSllug OD]cCl lhIOugh Wh8l cQlSlcmOOglSlS 0uDDc0 8u
l8SlZlug DCllOu, uOlhIug lS 8ChlcVc0 U8l C8uuOl Dc Ic0uCc0~lu llS Q8IlS 8u0 cVcu
lu lhc ccmculS lh8l COuSlIIulc llS COhcIcuCc~lO Wh8l 8Ic80y cXlSlS. Luy uu0cI
lhc SQc O lhc lOl8y cmQlIIC8 0OcS Wh8l lS gu8ll8lIVcy OQQOSc0 lO ll 8QQc8I,
lhOugh ll 0OcS SO cXCuSlVcy 8S SOmclhlug Ou 8 ScCOu0 OI0cI O cXlSlcuCc mO0-
cc0 Ou Uc DISl. P lI8uSCcu0S lhc uOucXlSlIug Ouy Dy W8y O lhc cXlSllug, OUcI-
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COI0lugy, 8ul8Sy lu 8lWOIKS C8uuOl D IcSlDClc0 lO lhc Su00cu VlSlOu. PlhOugh
lhcIc lS uO COuCclVlug O 8ul8Sy 0cVOl0 O SQOul8uclly, 8ul8Sy, 0cSQllc Dclug
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Scl lu mOllOu QIIm8Ily Dy SOmclhlug COuCIclc lu lhc 8IlWOIK, cSQcCl8y 8mOug
UOSc 8IllSlS WhOSc QIOCcSS O QIO0uClIOu WOIKS uQW8I0 IOm DcOW. Lgu8y,
hOWcVcI, 8ul8Sy lS 8CllVc lu 8 0lmcuSlOu lh8l 8 COmmOu QIc]u0lCc hO0S lO Dc 8D-
SlI8Cl, u8mcy lu lhc 0lmcuSlOu O lhc gu88l-cmQly Oulluc, WhlCh lS Ucu DcShc0
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8DOI. LVcu SQcClDC8y lcChuOOglC8 8ul8Sy lS uOl 8 IcCcul 0cVcOQmcul, 8S lS
cVl0cul lu lhc COmQOSlllOu8 Slyc O lhc P08glO O bChuDcIlS SDIug gululcl 8S
Wc 8S lu lhc c00lcS O lghl lu 1uDcI S Sc8SC8QcS. t8Dl8Sy lS 8SO, 8u0 cSScull8y
SO, lhc uuIcSDlClc0 8V8I8Dllly O QOlcull8 SOullOuS lh8l CIySl8lZc Wllhlu lhc
8IlWOIK. l lS O0gc0 uOl Ouy lu Wh8l SDKcS Ouc DOlh 8S cXlSllug 8u0 8S lhc
l74 . bUb!LL1-Lb!LL1
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mcBl O lhc Appussicnutu, WIlh lhc C8l8SUOQhIC cHcCl O lhc 0ImIBIShc0 ScVcBlh
ChOI0, IS BO cSS 8 QIO0uCl O 8Bl8Sj lh8B IS lhc UI80IC Ihcmc O lhc DIOO0IBg I0c8
lh8l OQcBS lhc mOVcmcBl, WIlh Icg8I0 lO gcBcSIS Il C8BBOl Dc cXCu0c0 lh8l lhc
V3I8Bl lh8l IS 0cCISIVc OI lhc WhOc mIghl IB 8Cl h8Vc DccB cclhOVcBS IBIlI8
I0c8, IOm WhICh, IcUO8ClIVcj 8S Il WcIc, lhc lhcmc IB IlS QIIm8Ij OIm W8S
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08Ij h8ImOBIC QcIIO0S, 8S I Su00cBj lhcIc W8S BO lImc OI 0IcIcBlI8lIOB. hc
gIOWIBg QIIm8Cj O COBSlIuClIOB BcCcSS8IIj Ic0uCc0 lhc SuDSl8ulI8Ilj O lhc
Q8IlICu8I IBSQII8lIOB. JuSl hOW muCh 8DOI 8B0 8Bl8Sj 8Ic ImQIC8lc0 IB c8Ch
OlhcIlhcII 0IVcIgcBCc IS IBV8II8Dj 8u IB0cX O 8IuIcIS SuQQOIlc0 Dj lhc cX-
QcIIcBCc O 8IlISlS lh8l 8Bl8Sj IS SuD]cCl lO COmm8u0. hcj ScBSc lh8l lhc Icc0Om
lO lhc IBVOuBl8Ij IS Wh8l 0ISlIBguIShcS lhcm IOm 0Icll8BlcS. LVcB SuD]cClIVcj,
lhc mc0I8lc 8u0 lhc Immc0I8lc 8Ic IB 0 mc0I8lc0 IB c8Ch OlhcI 8cSlhclIC8j
8B0 IB KBOWc0gc. POl gcBclIC8j, Dul IB lcImS O IlS COBSlIlulIOB, 8Il IS lhc mOSl
COmQcIBg 8IgumcBl 8g8IBSl lhc cQISlcmOOgIC8 0IVISIOB O ScBSu8Ilj 8B0 IBlc-
cCl. cDcClIOB IS Hj C8Q8Dc O lhc 8Cl O 8Bl8Sj IB lhc OIm O lhc 0clcImIB8lc
COBSCIOuSBcSS O Wh8l 8B 8IlWOIK 8l 8 CcIl8IB QOIBl Bcc0S. hc I0c8 Ih8l COB-
SCIOuSBcSS KIS, OI WhICh 8Il SuQQOSc0j QIOVI0cS uBImQc8Ch8Dc lcSlImOBj, IS 8
OOISh CIChc IB lhIS COBlcXl 8S 8ujWhcIc cSc. LVcB IlS QOWcI lO IcSOVc OD]cClS
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8IlWOIK. 1l cXtu0cS 8u0 mO0IDcS Uc IB80cQu8lc, lhc uBOImc0, 8B0 lhc IBCOhcI-
cBl. LB lhc OlhcI h8B0, Ihc C8lcgOIj O 8cSlhclIC 0umDBcSS h8S its]ndumentamin
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lhc SluQOI O mcCh8uIC8 IcQclIlIOB. h8l IS D80 IB 8IlWOIKS IS 8 IccClIOB lh8l
0IIcClS lhcm cXlcH8j, lh8l OICcS lhcm, WhcIc, hOWcVcI, lhcj Imm8ucBlj W8Bl
lO gO C8B OBj Dc OOWc0 Dj IccClIOB, 8B0 lhc 8DIIlj lO 0O lhIS IS SQOBl8BcOuS.
hc8Ch 8B0 cVcIj 8IlWOIK IBVOVcS 8 QIOD8Dj 8QOIclIC BcXuS O QIODcmS, lhIS IS
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0ISCOVcI 8QQIO8ChcS 8B0 SOulIOBS IB lhc 8IlWOIK, 8Bl8Sj m8j Dc 0cHBc0 8S lhc
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hc OD]cClIVIlj O 8IlWOIKS IS BO mOIc 8 IcSI0u8 0clcImIB8lIOB lh8B IS 8Bj lIulh.
PcOC8SSICISm 8lcIc0 DcC8uSc Il 0cu0c0 IlSc WIlh lhc gO8 O 8ChIcVIBg 8B
I0c8 O OD]cClIVIlj, WhICh 8QQc8Ic0 lO Il IB 8QQ8IcBlj DIB0IBg SljcS O lhc Q8Sl,
Dj W8j O 8 SuD]cClIVcj IBSlIlulc0 QIOCc0uIc. l 8DSlI8Clj Bcg8lc0 lhc SuD]cCl IB
lhc WOIK 8B0 ODu8lc0 lhc Im8gO O 8 SuD]cClcSS IB-IlSc, WhICh lhc SuD]cCl-
IlSc BO OBgcI cImIB8Dc Dj 8Bj 8Cl O WI ~COu0 lhIOW IBlO IcIc SOcj Dj
mc8BS O IQuIj lO IlSc. P IIgOI lh8l cSl8DIShcS IcSlIIClIOBS Dj ImIl8lIBg OBg-
Q8Sl hclcIOBOmOuS OImS ODcjS BOlhIBg OlhcI lh8B lh8l VcIj SuD]cClIVc VOIlIOB
lh8l IS lO Dc lmc0. N8cIj OulIBc0 lhc QIODcm Dul 0I0 BOl SOVc Il. OIm lh8l IS
bLbJLL1-LbJLL | I 1
mcIcy ChOScu 8u0 QOSIlc0, WhICh N8cIy hImSc SOmclImcS 0ccu0S, IS 8S 8CCI-
0cul8 8S lhc Ch8OlIC `VIl8Ily hc 0cSQISc0. hc 8QOII8 O 8Il lO08y IS uOl lO Dc
CuIc0 lhIOu_h 8uy WIIu_ SuDOI0Iu8lIOu lO 8ulhOIIly. l Icm8IuS 8u OQcu QucSlIOu
]uSl hOW, WIlhOul COcICIOu, Il WOu0 Dc QOSSIDc, _IVcu 8u uumIlI_8lc0 uOmIu8-
ISm, lO 8ChIcVc 8uylhIu_ Ou lhc OI0cI O 8u OD]cClIVIly O OIm, lhIS IS ImQc0c0 Dy
IuSlIlulc0 COSuIc. hc lcu0cuCy lOW8I0 lhIS IuSlIlulc0 COSuIc W8S SyuChIOuOuS
WIlh lhc IISc O QOIlIC8 8SCISm, WhOSc I0cOO_y SImI8Iy cI_uc0 lh8l 8 Sl8lc
Icc0 HOm lhc 0cSQcI8lIOu 8u0 IuScCuIIly O IlS SuD]cClS 0uIIu_ lhc QcIIO0 O 8lc
IDcI8ISm COu0 Dc hOQc0 OI Ouy Ou lhc D8SIS O lhc 8D0IC8lIOu O Uc SuD]cCl. L
COuISc, lhIS 8D0IC8lIOu W8S QIOmQlc0 Dy mOIc QOWcIu SuD]cClS. LVcu Iu IlS 8I-
DIIly 8u0 Wc8XucSS, lhc SuD]cCl WhO COulcmQ8lcS 8Il IS uOl cXQcClc0 SImQy lO
IcUc8l HOm lhc C8Im lO OD]cClIVIly. LlhcIWISc Il WOu0 hO0 lh8l lhOSc 8Icu lO
0Il lhc QhIISlIucS 0cVOI0 O 8uy Ic8IIOu lO 0Il, WhO cl Il 8cCl lhcm 8S I lhcy
WcIc 8 tuba/urusuWOu0 Dc lhc mOSl Qu8IHc0 lO uu0cISl8u0 8u0 ]u0_c Il, 8u0
lhc uumuSIC8 WOu0 Dc lhc DcSl muSIC CIIlICS. IXc 8Il IlSc, KuOWc0_c O Il IS
COuSumm8lc0 0I8cClIC8y. hc mOIc lhc ODScIVcI 800S lO lhc QIOCcSS, lhc _Ic8lcI
lhc cucI_y WIlh WhICh hc QcuclI8lcS lhc 8IlWOIX, lhc mOIc hc lhcu DcCOmcS 8W8Ic
O OD]cClIVIly HOm WIlhIu. Mc l8XcS Q8Il Iu OD]cClIVIly Whcu hIS cucI_y, cVcu lh8l
O hIS mIS_uI0c0 SuD]cClIVc `QIO]cClIOu, cXlIu_uIShcS IlSc Iu Uc 8IlWOIX. hc
SuD]cClIVc 0clOuI m8y lOl8y mISS lhc m8IX, Dul WIlhOul lhc 0clOuI uO OD]cClIVIly
DcCOmcS cVI0cul. ~LVcIy SlcQ lOW8I0 lhc QcIcClIOu O 0IlWOIXS IS 8 SlcQ lO-
W8I0 lhcII Sc-8Icu8lIOu, 8u0 lhIS 0I8cClIC8y QIO0uCcS cVcI 8ucW lhOSc IcVOlS
lh8l 8Ic lOO SuQcIhCI8y Ch8I0ClcIIZc0 8S SuD]cClIVIly S IcDcIOu 8_8IuSl OIm8ISm
O Wh8lcVcI SOIl. hc _IOWIu_ Iulc_I8lIOu O 0IlWOIXS, lhcII Imm8ucul cXI_cuCy,
IS 8SO lhcII Imm8ucul COulI80IClIOu. hc 8IlWOIX lh8l C8IIIcS lhIOu_h IlS Imm8-
ucul 0I8cClIC IccClS Il 8S IcSOVc0. hIS IS Wh8l IS 8cSlhclIC8y 8Sc Iu lhc 8cS-
lhclIC QDnCIQc. hc 8nlInOmy O 8cSlhclIC IcIhC8lIOu IS 8SO Onc DclWccu lhc cVcI
I8CluIc0 mcl8QhySIC8 C8Im O WOIXS lO DcIu_ cXcmQlc0 HOm lImc, 8u0 lhc U8u-
SIcuCc O cVcIylhIu_ lh8l cSl0DIShcS IlSc Iu lImc 8S cu0uIIu_. PIlWOIXS DcCOmc
Ic8lIVc DcC8uSc lhcy muSl 8SScIl lhcmScVcS 8S 8DSOulc. cu]8mIu lOuChc0 Ou
lhIS OuCc Iu COmmculIu_ lh8l `lhcIc IS nO Ic0cmQlIOu OI 0IlWOIXS. hc QcIcuuI8
IcVOl O 8Il 8_8InSl 8Il h8S IlS ]ndumentamin re. Il IS cSScuD8 lO 0IlWOIXS lh8l
lhcy Dc lhIu_S, Il IS uO cSS cSSculI8 lh8l lhcy nc_8lc lhcII OWu Sl8luS 8S lhIu_S, 8u0
lhuS 8Il luDS 8_8IuSl 8Il. 1hc lOl8y OD]cClIV8lc0 8IlWOIX WOu0 COu_c8 IulO 8
mcIc lhIu_, WhcIc8S I Il 8lO_clhcI cV80c0 OD]cClIV8lIOu Il WOu0 Ic_IcSS lO 8u Im-
QOlculy QOWcIcSS SuD]cClIVc ImQuSc 8u0 Ouu0cI Iu lhc cmQIIIC8 WOI0.
h8l lhc cXQcIIcuCc O 8IlWOIXS IS 80cQu8lc Ouy 8S IVIu_ cXQcIIcuCc IS mOIc lh8u
8 Sl8lcmcul 8DOul lhc Ic8lIOu O Uc ODScIVcI lO lhc ODScIVc0, mOIc lh0u 8 Sl8lc-
mcul 8DOul QSyChOO_IC8 C8lhcXIS 8S 8 COu0IlIOu O 8cSlhclIC QcICcQlIOu. PcS-
lhclIC cXQcIIcuCc DcCOmcS IVIu_ cXQcIIcuCc Ony Dy W8y O IlS OD]cCl, Iu lh8l
l 7
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1OWAKDA1HOKYOI1HAK1WOKK
IuSl8ul Iu WhICh 8IlWDIXS IhcHScVcS DcCDHc 8uIH8lc uu0cI IlS g8Zc. hIS IS
LcDIgc S SjHDDISl lc8ChIug Iu lhc QDcH hc 8QSlIj ,

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8u urtpceiqae lh8l
uHIShcS lhc lIlc D 8 VDuHc. hIDugh CDulcHQ8lIVc IHHcISIDu lhc IHH8ucul
QIDCcSSu8 Qu8Ilj D lhc WDIX IS Scl Icc. j SQcmIug, Il DcCDHcS SDHclhIug lh8l
HDVcS Iu IlSc. h8lcVcI Iu lhc 8IlI8Cl H8j Dc C8c0 lhc uuIlj D IlS Hc8uIug IS
uDl SI8lIC Dul QIDCcSSu8, lhc cu8ClHcul D 8uI8gDuISHS lh8l c8Ch WDIX ucCcSS8IIj
h8S Iu IlSc. Pu8jSIS IS lhcIcDIc 80cQu8lc lD lhc WDIX Duj I Il gI8SQS lhc Ic8-
IIDu D IlS ccHculS lD c8Ch DlhcI QIDCcSSu8j I8lhcI lh8u Ic0uCIug lhcH 8u8-
jIIC8j lD QuIQDIlc0 uu08Hcul8 ccHculS. 8l 8IlWDIXS 8Ic uDl DcIug Dul 8
QIDCcSS D DcCDHIug C8u Dc gI8SQc0 lcChuDDgIC8j. hcII CDulIuuIlj IS 0c-
H8u0c0 lccDDgIC8j Dj Ihc Q8IlICu8I ccHculS. cj 8Ic Iu ucc0 D CDulIuuIlj
8u0 C8Q8Dc D Il Dj VIHuc D lhcII IuCDHQclcucSS 8u0, Dlcu, Dj IhcII IuSIguID-
C8uCc. 1l IS 8S 8 IcSuI D IhcII DWu CDuSlIlulIDu lh8l lhcj gD DVcI IulD lhcII DIhcI,
Hu0 CDulIuu8uCc Iu Il, W8ul lD Dc cXIIuguIShc0 Iu Il, 8u0 Iu lhcII 0cHISc 0clcIHIuc
Wh8l DDWS lhcH. hIS IHH8ucul 0ju8HIC IS, Iu 8 ScuSc, 8 hIghcI-DI0cI ccHcul
D Wh8l 8IlWDIXS 8Ic. 8ujWhcIc, lhcu Il IS hcIc lh8l 8cSlhclIC cXQcIIcuCc IcScH-
DcS ScXu8 cXQIIcuCc, Iu0cc0 IlS CumIu8lIDu. hc W8j lhc DcDVc0 IH8gc IS U8uS-
DIHc0 Iu IhIS cXQIIcuCc, lhc W8j IIgI0IDC8lIDu IS uuIDc0 WIIh Wh8l IS HDSl
IulcuScj 8IVc, ccClIVcj H8XcS Ihc cXQcIIcuCc Ihc IuCM8lc QIDlDljQc D 8cS-
lhcDC cXQIIcuCc. Xcl Il IS uDl Duj lhc Iu0IVI0u8 WDIXS U8l 8Ic ImH8ucuIj
0ju8HIC, SD lDD IS lhcII Ic8lIDu lD c8Ch DlhcI. PIl IS hISlDtIC8 cXCuSIVcj Dj W8j
D Iu0IVI0u8 WDIXS lh8l h8Vc l8Xcu Sh8Qc Iu lhcHScVcS, uDl Dj IhcII cXlcH8
8SSDCI8lIDu, uDl cVcu lhIDugh lhc IuHucuCc lh8l Ihcj QuIQDIlc0j cXcIl DVcI c8Ch
Clhct. hIS IS Whj mCCXS VcID8 0chuIlIDu. 8l WhcIcDj MlS cXISlcuCc IS
CDuSlIlulc0 IS IlSc 0ju8HIC 8S 8u 8llIIu0c lDW8I0 DD]cClIVIIj lh8l DDU WIlh0I8WS
DH M0 l8XcS uQ 8 Sl8uCc lDWM0 Il 8u0 Iu IhIS SI8uCc HmuImuS DD]cClIVIlj ltMS-
DImc0. PIlWDIXS SjuIhcSIZc uuuuID8Dc, uDuI0cuDC8 ccHculS Ih8l gIIu0 8W8j
8l c8Ch DlhcI, lhcj Uuj SccX lhc I0culIlj D lhc I0culIC8 8u0 lhc uDuI0culIC8
QIDCcSSu8j DcC8uSc cVcu lhcII uuIlj IS Duj 8u ccHcul 8u0 uDl lhc H8gIC8
DHu8 D lhc WhDc. hc QIDCcSSu8 Qu8Ilj D 8IlWDIXS IS CDuSlIlulc0 Iu SuCh 8
8ShIDu lh8l 8S 8IlI8ClS, 8S SDHclhIug huH8uj H80c, lhcj h8Vc IhcII Q8Cc 8 QII-
DII Iu lhc u8lIVc Ic8H D SQIIIl Dul 8Ic, Iu DI0cI lD DcCDHc Sc-I0culIC8, Iu ucc0
D Wh8l IS uDuI0culIC8, hclcDgcucDuS, 8u0 uDl 8Ic80j DIHc0. hc IcSISl8uCc lD
lhcH D DlhcHcSS, Du WhICh Ucj 8Ic ucVcIlhccSS 0cQcu0cul, CDHQS lhcH lD 8I-
lICu8Ic lhcII DWu DIH8 Mgu8gc, lD c8Vc uDl lhc SH8cSl uuDIHc0 Q8HICc 8S
IcHu8ul. IS IcCIQIDCIlj CDuSlIlulcS 8IlS 0ju8HIC, Il IS 8u IIIcSDV8Dc 8ulIlhcSIS
Ih8l IS ucVcI DIDughl lD IcSl Iu lhc Sl8lc D DcIug. PIlWDIXS 8Ic SuCh Duj in ucta
DcC8uSc lhcII lcuSIDu 0DcS uDl lcIHIu8lc Iu QuIc I0culIlj WIlh cIlhcI cXUcHc. Lu
Uc DlhcI h8u0, Il IS Duj 8S HuIShc0, HD0c0 DD]cClS U8l lhcj DcCDHc DICc Hc0S
D IhcII 8uI8gDuISHS, DlhcIWISc lhc cuC8QSuc0 DICcS WDu0 SIHQj Iuu Q8I8c
lD c8Ch DlhcI DI 0ISSIQ8lc. PIlWDIXS QM80DXIC8 u8luIc, Sl8SIS, ucg8lcS IlSc. hc
HDVcHcul D 8IlWDtXS HuSl Dc 8l 8 Sl8u0SlI 8u0 lhcIcDj DcCDHc VISIDc. hcII
1OWAKUATHLOKYOTHLAK1WOKK
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I77
Imm8ucul QIOCcSSu8 Ch8I8ClcIlhc cg8 QIOCcSS lh8l Ucj uu0cIl8Kc 8g8IuSl lhc
mcIcj cXISlIug WOI0 lh8l IS cXlcD8 lO lhcm~IS OD]cClIVc QIIOI lO lhcII 8I8uCc
WIlh mj Q8Ilj. P MWOIKS, cVcu lhc 8DD8lIVc, 8Ic 8 QIIOII QOcmIC8. hc I0c8
O 8 COuScIV8lIVc 8IlWOIK IS IuhcIculj 8DS0I0. j cmQh8lIC8j ScQ8I8lIug lhcm-
ScVcS IOm lhc cmQIIIC8 WOI0, lhcII OlhcI, lhcj Dc8I WIlucSS U8l lh8l WOI0
IlSc ShOu0 Dc OlhcI lh8u Il IS, lhcj Mc lhc uuCOuSCIOuS SChcm8l8 O lh8l WOI0 S
lI8uSOIm8lIOu. LVcu OI 8u 8IlISl IKc NOZ8Il, WhO SccmS SO uuQOcmIC8 u0
WhO 8CCOI0Iug lO gcucI8 8gIccmcul mOVcS SOcj WIlhIu lhc QuIc SQhcIc O SQIIIl,
cXCcQlIug lhc IlcIMj lhcmcS lh8l hc ChOSc OI hIS gIc8lcSl OQcI8S, lhc QOcmIC8
ccmcul IS CcuU8 Iu lhc QOWcI Dj WhICh lhc muSIC SclS IlSc 8l 8 0ISl8uCc lh8l
mulcj COu0cmuS lhc ImQOVcIIShmcul 8u0 8SIlj O U8l IOm WhICh Il 0ISl8uCcS
IlSc. 1u NOZ8Il OIm 8CQuIIcS lhc QOWcI O lh8l 0ISl8uCIug 8S 0clcImIu8lc ucg8-
lIOu, lhc IcCOuCII8lIOu lh8l Il Ic8IZcS IS Q8IuHj SWccl DC8uSc D8IQ lO 08lc h8S
IcHSc0 Il. hc IcSOulcucSS O 0ISl8uCc8S QIcSum8Dj lh8l O 8 CSSICISm lh8l
IS OICcu I8UcI lh8u V8C8ulj Q8jIug WIlh IlSc COuCIclIZcS lhc CIIlIQuc O
Wh8l h8S Dccu IcQuSc0. h8l CI8CKcS Iu 8IlWOIKS IS lhc SOuu0 O lhc IIClIOu
O lhc 8ul8gOuISlIC ccmculS lh8l lhc 8IlWOIK SccKS lO uuIj, Il IS SCIIQl uOl c8Sl
DcC8uSc, 8S Iu IuguISlIC SIguS, IlS QIOCcSSu8 ccmcul IS cuCIQhcIc0 Iu IlS OD]cClI-
V8lIOu. hc QIOCcSSu8 Ch8I8ClcI O 8IlWOIKS IS uOlhIug OlhcI lh8u lhcII lcmQOI8
uuCcuS. 1 0uI8lIOu DcCOmcS lhcII IulculIOu Iu SuCh 8 8ShIOu lh8l lhcj cXQc Wh8l
lhcj 0ccm cQhcmcI8 8u0 Dj lhcII OWu h8u0 clcD8IZc lhcmScVcS Iu QuIc Im-
QIcgu8Dc ODS OI, WOISc, Dj lhc OmIuOuS C8Im lO lhc uuIVcIS8j hum8u, lhcj
Cul ShOIl lhcII IVcS 8u0 8SSImI8lc lhcmScVcS IulO lhc COuCcQl lh8l~8S lhc DXc0
CIICumcIcuCc O ShIlIug COulculSDj IlS OD QuISucS QIcCIScj lh8l lcmQOI8
Sl8SIS 8g8IuSl WhICh lhc 0I8Wu lcuSIOu O lhc 8IlWOIK 0ccu0S IlSc. PIlWOIKS,
mOIl8 hum8u OD]clS, Q8SS 8W8j 8 lhc mOIc I8QI0j lhc mOIc 0Oggc0j lhcj
8l8VC Il OH. PlhOugh QcImucuCc C8uuOl Dc cXCu0c0 IOm lhc COuCcQl O lhcII
OIm, Il IS uOl lhcII cSScuCc. 8IIugj cXQOSc0 WOIKS lh8l Sccm lO Dc I0ShIug
lOW8I0 lhcII QcI0IlIOu h8Vc Iu gcucI8 8 DcllcI Ch8uCc O SuIVIV8 lh8u lhOSc lh8l,
SuDScIVIcul lO lhc I0O O ScCuIIlj, hOOW Oul lhcII lcmQOI8 uuCcuS 8u0, Iu-
W8I0j V8CuOuS, 8 VIClIm lO lImc. lhc CuISc O ucOC8SSICISm. bQcCu8lIug Ou
SuIVIV8 Dj 800Iug SOmcUIug QcIISh8Dc IS h8I0j hcQu. O08j Il IS COuCcIV8Dc
u0 QcIh8QS IcQuISIlc lh8l IlWOIKS ImmO8lc lhcmScVcS lhIOugh lhcII lcmQOI8
uuCcuS, 0cVOlc lhcII OWu Ic lO lhc IuSl8ul O lhc 8QQcMuCc O Ulh, 8u0 U8Cc-
cSSj V8uISh WIlhOul lhcIcDj 0ImIuIShIug lhcmScVcS Iu lhc SIghlcSl. hc uODI-
Ilj O SuCh COmQOIlmcul WOu0 uOl Dc uuWOIlhj O Il uOW lh8l IlS OHIucSS h8S
0cC8jc0 lO 8llIlu0c 8u0 I0cOOgj. hc I0c8 O lhc QcIm8ucuCc O WOIKS IS mO0cc0
Ou lhc C8lcgOIj O QIOQcIlj 8u0 IS lhuS cQhcmcI8 Iu lhc DOuIgcOIS ScuSc, Il W8S
8Icu lO m8uj QcIIO0S u0 ImQOIl8ul QIO0uClIOuS. 1l IS S8I0 lh8l Whcu cclhOVcu
DuIShc0 lhc Appussicnutu hc COmmculc0 lh8l Il WOu0 SlI Dc Q8jc0 lcu jc8IS
8lcI. blOCKh8uScuS COuCcQl O ccCUOuIC WOIKSWhICh, SIuCc lhcj 8Ic uOl uO-
l8lc0 Iu lhc lI80IlIOu8 ScuSc Dul Immc0I8lcj Ic8IZc0 Iu lhcII m8lcII8, COu0 Dc
l78 | 1LYAKO A 1HLLKY L 1HL AK1YLKK
cXllug0ISDc0 8Dug WIlD lDlS m8lcIl8~lS 8 SQcu0l0 Duc D 8u 8H lD8l m8KcS cm-
QD8llC C8Im jcl lS QIcQ8Ic0 lD lDIDW llSc 8W8j. LIKc DlDcI CDuSlIl0culS lDID0gD
WDlCD 8Il DuCc DcC8mc WD8l Il lS, cVcu 1lS lcmQDI8 u0Cc0S D8S Dccu cXlcIIDIlZc0
8u0 cXQD0cS IlS CDuCcQl. Dc CDmmDu 0cC8I8lIDuS 8g8luSl 8SDIDu lD8l cQ08lc
lDc 08uSlcul WllD lDc u0g8lDIj 8Ic uDl Duj 8Ic0 WIlD lDc CD0ulcIIm8gc D 8u
luW8I0ucSS lD8l D8S Dcu CDmQIDmlSc0 QDllIC8j 8S Wc 8S 8cSlDcllC8j Dj llS
luC8Q8Cllj DI cXlcDDIlZ8llDu 8u0 8 Sl0DDDD lmll8llDu lD Iu0IVl008 Q0l00Ilj. u
SQIlc D llS CDmmcICl8 m8ulQ08l8Dlllj, 8SDlDu Ic8CDcS 0ccQ lulD 8IlWDIKS, ll 0DcS
uDl SImQj cXQDll lDcm. b0CD luVcullDuS 8S tlC8SSD S I8jDuISm Mc lKc lI8uSQDSl-
llDuS IDm D80lc CD0l0Ic cXQcIlmculS, Qluulug 0IcSScS lDgclDcI 8ID0u0 lDc DD0j
DI 8u cVculug I8lDcI lD8u l8IDIlug lDcm Iu 8 lI80lllDu8 m8uucI. t8SDlDu lS Duc D
lDc W8jS lu WDICD DlSlDIlC8 mDVcmcul 8cClS Uc ScuSDIl0m 8u0, lDID0gD ll, 8Il-
WDIKS, 8u0 lDlS lS SD 0S08j Dj W8j D mlulm8 Sc-DDl0Sc ImQ0ScS.
Dc 8IlWDIK lS 8 QIDCcSS cSScull8j lu lDc Ic8llDu D llS WDDc 8u0 Q8IlS. IlDD0l
DcIug Ic00ClDc lD Duc Sl0c DI lDc DlDcI, ll lS lDc Ic8lIDu llSc lD8l IS 8 QIDCcSS D
DcCDmlug. D8lcVcI m8j lu lDc 8IlWDIK Dc C8c0 lDl8Ilj IS uDl 8 SlI0Cl0Ic lD8l
IulcgI8lcS lDc S0m D IlS Q8IlS. LVcu DD]cClIRc0 lDc WDIK Icm8IuS 8 0cVcDQlug
QIDCcSS Dj VIIl0c D lDc QIDQcuSlllcS 8CllVc lu Il. LDuVcIScj, lDc Q8IlS 8Ic uDl
SDmclDlug glVcu, 8S WDlCD 8u8jSlS 8mDSl IucVIl8Dj mlSl8cS lDcm. H8lDcI, lDcj
8tc CculcIS D cucIgj lD8l S08lu lDW8t0 lDc WDDc Du lDc D8SIS D 8 ucCcSSllj lD8l
lDcj cQ08j QIcDIm. Dc VDIlcX D lDIS 0l8cCllC 0lIm8lcj CDuS0mcS lDc CDu-
CcQl D mc8ulug. Dcu 8CCDI0lug lD DlSlDIj 8 VcI0ICl lDc 0ullj D QIDCcSS 8u0
IcS0l uD DugcI S0CCcc0S, WDcu, 8DDVc 8, lDc lu0IVl008 ccmculS IcHSc lD mD0
lDcmScVcS lO lhC CVCt 8lCnl QtCCOnCCIVCd lOl8l, lhC g8QIng dVctgcnCc lc8t8
mc8ulug 8Q8Il. lDc 8IlWDIK IS uDlDlug DXc0 8u0 0cHuIllVc Iu llSc, D0l SDmc-
lDIug lu mDlIDu, lDcu llS lmmMcul lcmQDI8Ilj IS CDmm0uIC8lc0 lD llS Q8IlS 8u0
WDDc Iu S0CD 8 8SDIDu lD8l lDcII Ic8lIDu 0cVcDQS lu llmc 8u0 lD8l lDcj 8Ic C8Q8-
Dc D C8uCclug lDlS Ic8llDu. 8IlWDIKS 8Ic 8lVc lu DlSlDIj Dj Vu0c D lDclI DWu
QIDcSS08 CD8I8ClcI, lDcj 8Ic 8SD 8Dc lD QcIlSD Iu ll. Dc Iu0cc8SIDlIlj D WD8l
lS SKclCDc0 Du Q8QI, Q8lulc0 Du C8uV8S, DI C8IVc0 lu SlDuc IS uD g08I8Blcc D lDc
lu0cc8SlDlIlj D WD8l lS cSSculI8 lD lDc 8IlWDIK, llS SQlIll, WDlCD lS 0ju8mIC lu
IlSc. PIlWDIKS Mc Du uD 8CCD0ul lI8uSDImc0 cXC0SIVcj Dj WD8l IclHc0 CDu-
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SDllS 8CCDI0lug lD lDc mSlDIlC8 Sll08llDu. b0CD CD8ugc IS cXlcH8 WIlD Icg8I0 lD
WD8l 08uSQlIcS lu lDc WDIKS lDcmScVcS. lDc 0ISSD0llDu D lDcII 8jcIS, Duc 8lcI
lDc DlDcI, WDlCD W8S 0uDIcScc8Dc Iu lDc mDmcul D lDc WDIKS 8QQc8I8uCc, lDc
0clcImlu8llDu D lDlS lI8uSDIm8llDu Dj lDcII cmcIglug 8u0 luCIc8SIugj 0lSlIuCl
8W D DIm, lDc QclIlHC8llDu D WDIKS lD8l D8Vc DcCDmc lI8uSQ8tcul, lDcII 0c-
CIcQll00c, 8u0 lDclI 8lug Slcul. 1lIm8lcj lDcII 0cVcDQmcul lS lDc S8mc 8S
lDclI QIDcSS D CD8QSc.
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uDl 0j CDmQIlSc WD8l 8u 8IlWDIK lS. uDWIug lD8l 8u 8tlWDIK IS SDmclDIug
TOWAKDATHLOKYOlTHLAKTWOKK ' !79
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IlS 8DIIC8lIOB, WDclDcI lO 8mD8Sl 8Il 8S Dum8B 0cCcQlIOB OI lO 0cBOuBCc IlS 8IlID-
CI8Ilj OI QIcCIOuSBcSS IB OQQOSIlIOB lO lDc 0cuSIOB O 8Il 8S uBmc0I8lc0 B8luIc,
Sl8B0S IB SjmQ8lDclIC 8CCOI0 WIlD QDIISlIBISm. Dc I0c8 O QIOVI0IBg 8 SImQc
0cDBIlIOB O 8Il W8S 08Ic0 OBj Dj lDOSc 8-0ISQOSIBg QDIOSOQDIC8 SjSlcmS lD8l
IcScIVc0 8 BICDc OI cVcIj QDcBOmcBOB. Mcgc 0I0 IB0cc0 0cDBc Dc8ulj, Dul BOl
8Il, QIcSum8Dj DcC8uSc Dc IcCOgBIZc0 IlS uBIlj WIlD, 8B0 0IcIcBCc IOm, B8luIc.
B 8Il IDc 0IcIcBCc DclWccB lDc lDIBg m80c 8B0 IlS gcBcSISUc m8KIBg-IS cm-
QD8lIC. PIlWOIKS 8Ic SOmclDIBg m80c lD8l D8S DcCOmc mOIc lD8B SOmclDIBg SIm-
Qj m80c. DIS W8S BOl COBlcSlc0 uBlI 8Il Dcg8B lO cXQcDcBCc IlSc 8S lI8BSIcBl.
Dc COBOuB0IBg O 8IlWOIKS WIlD lDcII gcBcSIS, 8S I gcBcSIS QIOVI0c0 lDc uBIVcI-
S8 CO0c OI WD8l D8S DcCOmc, IS lDc SOuICc O lDc 8IcBBcSS O 8Il SCDO8ISDIQ lO
8Il. OI 8IlWOIKS ODcj lDcII 8W O OIm Dj COBSumIBg lDcII gcBcSIS. bQcCIDC8j
8cSlDclIC cXQcIIcBCc, Sc-8D8B0OBmcBl lO 8IlWOIKS, IS IB0IcIcBl lO lDcII gcBcSIS.
BOWc0gc O lDc gcBcSIS IS 8S cXlcH8 lO 8cSlDclIC cXQcIIcBCc 8S IS lDc DISlOIj O
lDc 0c0IC8lIOB O lDc Emicu lO WD8l muSIC8j lI8BSQIIcS IB lD8l SjmQDOBj. Dc
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IBg 8W8j IOm Il. LcIm8Bc DcIc IS 8Bl S 0ISCuSSIOB O lDc Ic8 8B0 IDc ImIl8lc0
BIgDlIBg8c IB Crmqaec/1adment, lDc lDcmc O PB0cIScB S 8mOuS 8IIj l8c
ID8l D8S SO OlcB DccB luDc0 IBlO OQcI8. 8Bl S IcDcClIOB OB Il SuDSlIlulcS lDc
KBOWc0gc O lDc OIIgIB O IDc QDcBOmcBOB OI lDc cXQcIIcBCc O lD8l QDcBOmc-
BOB. IDc DClIlIOuS jOuID W8S IB0cc0 8Dc lO SO QcIcClj ImIl8lc lDc BIgDlIBg8c
lD8l BO 0IcIcBCc COu0 Dc 0ISCcHc0, lDIS WOu0 C8BCc 8Bj IBlcIcSl IB lDc gucS-
lIOB O lDc 8ulDcBlICIlj OI BOB8ulDcBlICIlj O lDc QDcBOmcBOB, lDOugD Il WOu0 Dc
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LBc SccS 8 Q8IBlIBg 0IcIcBlj I OBc KBOWS lDc B8mc O lDc Q8IBlcI. PO 8Il IS QIc-
SuQQOSIlIOBcSS, 8B0 IlS QIcSuQQOSIlIOBS C8B BO mOIc Dc cImIB8lc0 lD8B 8Il COu0
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IBSlIBCl 0c8l WIlD 8 lOj, bD8VIBSKj S OQcI8 CD8I8ClcIIZcS lDc SOuB0 O ID8l lOj 8S
8 mcCD8BIC8 QIQIBg. Dc 0IcIcBCc IOm 8 B8IuI8 SOBg IS QcICcQlIDc IB lDc
QDcBOmcBOB. PS SOOB 8S lDc 8IlI8Cl W8BlS lO QIOmQl lDc IuSIOB O IDc B8luI8, Il
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IS WD8l 8l IlS 8QOgcc I8lIOB8ISl mcl8QDjSICS QIOC8Imc0 8S lDc QIIBCIQc O lDc
uBIVcISc, 8 mOB80 8l OBCc 8 OICc Dc0 8B0 8 lDIBg. PIlWOIKS 8Ic COSc0 lO OBc
8BOlDcI, DIB0, 8B0 jcl IB IDcII DcImclICISm lDcj IcQIcScBl WD8l IS cXlcD8. DuS Il
IS, IB 8Bj C8Sc, lD8l IDcj QIcScBl lDcmScVcS lO U80IlIOB 8S lD8l IVIBg 8ul8ICDj lD8l
LOclDc W8S OB0 O C8IBg cBlccCDj, lDc SjBOBjm OI mOB80. 1l IS QOSSIDc lD8l
lDc mOIc QIODcm8lIC lDc COBCcQl O lccOOgj DcCOmcS IB OIg8BIC B8IuIc lDc mOIc
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lcXl D lhc SQIIII D 8u cQDCh, culWIuc0 WIlh hISlDIj 8u0 SDCIclj, 8IIWDIKS gD Dc-
jDu0 lhcII HDu80IC IHII cVcu lhDugh Ihcj 8CK WIu0DWS. Jhc IulcIQIcl8IIDu D 8u
8IIWDIK 8S 8u IHH8ucul, CIjSl8IZc0 QIOcSS 8I 8 Sl8u0Sl 8QQIDXIH8RS lhc CDu-
CcQl D lhc HDu80. hc IhcSIS D Ihc HDu80DDgIC8 Ch8I8ClcI D 8IlWDIKS IS 8S lI0c
8S Il IS QIDDcH8lIC. hcII SlIugcuCj 8u0 IulcD8 SHCluI8lIDu 8Ic DDIIDWc0 DH
lhcII IulccClu8 0DHIu8lIDu D Ic8IIj. D lhIS cXlcul Wh8I IS II8uSCcu0cul lD IhcH
IS IHQDIlc0 IulD lhcH 8S lh8l Dj WhICh lhcj Iu Ihc HISl Q8Cc DcCDHc 8u Imm8ucul
ucX0S. hcSc C8lcgDIIcS 8Ic, hDWcVcI, SD CDHQclcj HD0IDc0 lh8l Duj lhc Sh80DW
D DIu0IugucSS IcH8IuS. 1IIcVDC8Dj, 8cSlhclICS QIcS0QQDScS IHHcISIDu Iu lhc Q8I-
lIC08I WDIK. hcIc IS uD 0cujIug lhc QIDgIcSS H80c cVcu Iu 8C80cHIC 8II SChD8I-
ShIQ lhID0gh lhc 0cH8u0 DI IHH8ucul 8u8jSIS 8u0 lhc IcuuuCI8lIDu D HclhD0S
CDuCcDc0 WIlh cVcIjUIug Dul Ihc 8IlWDIK. Pl lhc S8Hc lIHc, hDWcVcI, IHH8ucuI
8u8jSIS Dc8IS 8u 8SQcCl D Sc-0cCcQlIDu. hcIc IS uD 0clcIHIu8lIDu D Ihc Q8IlIC0-
8IIlj D 8u 8IIWDIK lh8l 0DcS uDl, 8 uuIVcIS8, 8CCDI0Iug lD IlS DIH, gD DcjDu0
lhc HDu80. 1l IS 0cuSIVc lD C8IH lhc CDuCcQl, WhICh H0Sl Dc IuDD00Cc0 cXlcI-
u8j ID lhc HDu80 Iu DI0cI lD DQcu Il 0Q DH WIlhIu 8u0 lhuS lD Sh8IIcI II, h8S IlS
SDuICc cXCuSIVcj Iu lhc DD]cCI. hc HDu80DDgIC8 CDuSIIlulIDu D MlWDIKS Iu
lhcHScVcS QDIulS DcjDu0 IlSc. hH IS H80c 8DSD0lc, IHH8ucul 8u8jSIS 8S
QIcj ID I0cDDgj, 8g8IuSI WhICh Il SDuggc0 Whcu Il W8ulc0 lD 0cVDlc IISc lD lhc
8IlWDIKS IuIcD8j I8IhcI Ih8u 0c00CIug lhcII WDD0VIcWS. D08j II IS 8Ic80j
cVI0cuI lh8I IHH8ucul 8u8jSIS, WhICh W8S DuCc 8 Wc8QDu D 8IlISlIC cXQcIIcuCc
8g8IuSl QhIISlIuISH, IS DcIug HISuSc0 8S 8 SDg8u lD hD0 SOI8 IcDcClIDu 8l 8 0IS-
l8uCc DH 8u 8DSDulIZc0 8Il. IIhDul SDCI8 IcDcClIDu, hDWcVcI, lhc 8IlWDIK IS
uDl lD Dc 0udcISlDDd Iu Ic8!IDu lD lh8l Dt WhICh Il CDuSlIlulcS Duc ccHcul, uDI IS H
ID Dc 0cCIQhcIc0 Iu lcDS D IlS DWu CDuIcuI. Jhc DIu0ucSS D lhc 8IlWDIK IS uDI
Duj 8 CDIIcClIVc D lhc u8IuIc-0DHIu8lug uuIVcIS8, Il IS 8SD IlS CDIIc8lIVc, 8S
8W8jS lhc DIu0 8u0 Ihc cHQlj DcDug lDgclhcI Iu UcII 8DSD8ClucSS. D Q8IlICuM
Iu Ihc 8HWDIK IS cgIlIH8lc WIlhDul 8SD DcCDHIug uuIVcIS8 IhIDugh IlS Q8IlICu-
8IIZ8lIDu. I0c, 8S 8u IuVcSlIg8lIVc QIDCc0uIc 8uDSuHQIIDu ucVcI IcVc8S 8cS-
lhcIIC CDuIcuI, DuI I S0DS0HQlIDu IS Ic]cClc0 8IDgcIhcI, uD CDulcul WDu0 Dc
IhIuK8Dc, 8cSlhclICS WDu0 h8Vc lD C8QIlu8lc Iu Dul D lhc 8IlWDIK 8S DcDIc 8
/uctambratam.hc 8cSlhclIC8j 0clcIHIuc0 Q8DICu8I IS lD Dc IccIIc0 lD lhc cc-
HcuI D IlS 0uIVcIS8Ilj cXC0SIVcj Dj W8j D IlS HDu80DDgIC8 CDSuIc. IIh 8
Icgu8IIlj lh8l IS Iu0IC8lIVc D SDHclhIug SlIuCluO, IHHMcul 8u8jScS~I lhcII
CDul8Cl WIlh Wh8l h8S Dccu DIHc0 IS CDSc cuDugh~c80 lD uuIVcIS8 0cIcImIu8-
IIDuS lh8l cHcIgc 0IIcClj DH lhc HDSI cXHcHc SQcCIDC8UDu. LcII8Iuj lhIS IS
8SD 0uc lD lhc M8jUC8 HcIhD0 LXQ8u8lIDu 8HD0ulS lD lhc H0uClIDu ID Wh8I IS
8H80j KuDWu, WhDSc SjuUcSIS WIlh Wh8l IS lD Dc cXQ8Iuc0 IucSC8Q8Dj IuVDVcS
8 0uIVcIS8. uI lhc IcVcIS8 D lhc Q8IlICu8I IulD lhc uuIVcIS8 IS uD cSS 0clcI-
HIuc0 Dj Ihc Iu0IVI0u8 DD]cCl. hcIc II IS CDuCcuD8lc0 Iu IlSc lD 8u cXUcHc, Il
cXcC0lcS lcuSIDuS lh8l DIIgIu8R Iu lhc gcuIc. LXcHQ8Ij hcIc Mc PulDu cDcDS
WDIKS, Iu WhICh SDu8l8 HDVcHculS ShIIuK lD 8QhDIISHS. PcSlhclICS IS uDI DDIgc0,
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8S uu0cI lhc SQ D IlS DD]cCl, lD cXDICISc CDuCcQlS. H8lhcI, IlS IcSQDuSIDIIly IS
lD Icc CDuCcQlS IDm lhcII cXlcD8Ily lD lhc Q8IlICu8I DD]cCl 8u0 lD DDu_ lhcm
WIlhIu lhc WDIK. 1 8uyWhcIc, lhcu Il IS Iu 8cSlhclICS U8l Mc_c S DImu8lIDu D
lhc mDVcmcul D lhc CDuCcQl h8S IlS DCuS. hc IcCIQIDC8 Ic8lIDu D lhc uuIVcIS8
8u0 lhc Q8IlICu8I, WhICh l8KcS Q8Cc uuCDuSCIDuSy Iu mWDIKS 8u0 WhICh 8cS-
lhclICS muSl DIIu_ lD CDuSCIDuSucSS, IS Wh8l Uuy ucCcSSIl8lcS 8 0I8cClIC8 8Q-
QID8Ch. 1l CDu0 Dc DD]cClc0 lh8l 8 IcSI0u8 0D_m8lIC UuSl IS DQcI8IIVc hcIc, cXlcI-
u8 lD !hc Mc_cI8u SySlcm, Il CDu0 Dc C8Imc0, lhc mDVcmcul D lhc CDuCcQl h8S
uD SQhcIc D c_IlIm8Cy, lhc DD]cCl C8u Duy Dc _I8SQc0 8S lhc Ic D !hc CDuCcQl I
lhc lDl8Ily D Wh8l IS DD]cClIVc CDIuCI0cS WIlh SQIIIl. D lh8l lhc IcQy IS lh8l lhc
mDu80S, WhICh 8HWDIKS 8Ic, c80 Dy W8y D UcII DWu QIIuCIQc D Q8IlICu8IIZ8-
IIDu lD lhc uuIVcIS8. hc uuIVcIS8 0clcDIu8lIDuS D 8II Mc uDl SImQy 8u cXI-
_cuCy D lhcII CDuCcQlu8 IcHcClIDu. hcy lcSlIy lD lhc DDuu08IIcS D lhc QIIuCIQc
D Iu0IVI0u8lIDu, WhICh IS uD mDIc lD Dc DulDD_IZc0 lh8u IS IlS DQQDSIlc. PIlWDIKS
_cl cVcI CDScI lD lhcSc DDuu08IIcS lhc mDIc uuCDmQIDmISIu_y lhcy QuISuc Uc
principiamindividauticnis,lhc 8IlWDIK lh8l 8QQc8IS 8S SDmclhIu_ uDIVcIS8 Dc8IS
lhc 8CCI0cul8 Qu8Ily D DcIu_ 8u cX8mQc D IlS _cuIc. 1l IS SQuIIDuSy Iu0IVI0u8.
LVcu 0808, Uc QuIcy 0cIClIC _cSluIc, W8S 8S uuIVcIS8 8S lhc 0cmDuSU8lIVc QID-
uDuu, lh8l cXQIcSSIDuISm W8S mDIc QDWcIH 8S 8u I0c8 lh8u Iu IlS WDIKS QcIh8QS
h8S IlS DII_IuS Iu lhc 8Cl lh8l IlS ulDQI8 D lhc QuIc 1T IS IlSc 8 8_mcul
D 8Sc CDuSCIDuSucS8. 3cl lhc uuIVcIS8 DcCDmcS SuDSl8ulI8 Iu 8IlWDIKS Duy Dy
IlS Sc-U8uSDIm8lIDu. huS Iu cDcD lhc uuIVcIS8 muSIC8 DIm D lhc 0cVc-
DQmcul DcCDmcS 8 KuDl 8u0 IcuDuuCcS IlS 0cVcDQmcul8 HuC!IDu. u Q8Cc
IS l8Kcu Dy 8 SuCCcSSIDu D Sc_mculS D 0IcIIu_ cVcS D IulcuSIly. PS 8 HSul
lhc XuDl, IKc Q8SS8_cS, DcCDmc SDmclhIu_ WhDy DlhcI, SDmclhIu_ mDIc QIcScul
8u0 cSS Ic8lIDu8 lh8u 8uy 0cVcDQmcul ScClIDu cVcI W8S. Dl Duy 0DcS lhc
0I8cClIC D lhc uuIVcIS8 8u0 Q8IlICu8I 0cSCcu0 IulD !hc 0cQlhS D !hc uDIVcIS8
Iu lhc mI0Sl D Uc Q8IlICu8I. Pl Uc S8mc lImc Il 0cSlIDyS lhc IuV8II8uCc D Uc
uuIVcIS8 C8lc_DIIcS.
JuSl hDW Il!c 8 uuIVcIS8 CDuCcQl D m SuDCcS DI 8IlWDIKS IS 0cmDuSU8lc0 Dy
lhc 8IlWDIKS lhcmScVcS Iu lh8l, 8S N8cIy uDlc0, cW HD lhc SlIICl CDuCcQl.
LuIl DI lhIS IS DDDc uDl Duy Dy lhc Wc8KucSS D 8IlISlS Iu !hc 8Cc D lhc DImI-
08Dc CDuCcQl D lhcII DD]cCl, Dul 8SD Dy lhc CDuCcQl IlSc. hc mDIc SIu_c-
mIu0c0y 8IlWDIKS 0cVDlc lhcmScVcS lD lhc cmcI_Iu_ I0c8 D 8Il, lhc mDIc QIc-
C8IIDuS DcCDmcS lhc Ic8!IDu D 8IlWDIKS lD lhcII DlhcI, 8 Ic8lIDu lh8l IS IlSc
0cm8u0c0 Dy lhc CDuCcQl. ul lhIS Ic8lIDu C8u Dc CDuScIVc0 Duy 8l lhc QIICc D
QIcCIIlIC8 CDuSCIDuSucSS, 0cSQcI8lc u8Vclc. D08y lhIS IS Duc D MlS 8QDII8. l IS
cVI0cul lh8l SuQIcmc WDIKS 8Ic uDl lhc mDSl QuIc, Dul lcu0 lD CDulMu 8u cXlI8-
8IlISlIC SuIQuS, cSQcCI8y 8u uulI8uSDImc0 m8lcII8 ccmcul lh8l DuI0cuS lhcII
Imm8ucul CDmQDSIlIDu, hDWcVcI, Il IS uD cSS cVI0cul lh8l DuCc lhc CDmQclc Im-
m8ucul c8DDI8lIDu D 8IlWDIKS, uuSuQQDIIc0 Dy 8uylhIu_ uuIcHcClc0 U8l IS DlhcI
lh8u 8Il, h8S lmcu Sh8Qc 8S 8u 8cSlhclIC uDIm, Il IS uDl QDSSIDc WIHy lD
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IcIBlIO0uCc ImQuIc ccmcBlS. hc CIISIS O lhc QuIc 8IIWOIK IB lhc W8Kc O lhc
LuIOQc8B C8l8SUOQhcS C8BBOl Dc SOVc0 Dy DIc8KIB_ Oul O lhc QuIc WOIK IBlO 8B
cXlI8-8cSlhclIC m8lcII8Ily WhOSc mOI8ISlIC Q8lhOS IS QIlChc0 lO ODSCuIc lhc 8Cl
lh8l Il IS lhc c8Sy W8y Oul, lhc IBc O c8Sl IcSISl8BCc IS h8I0y SuIlc0 lO DcIB_
cSl8DIShc0 8S lhc BOIm. hc 8BlIBOmy O QuIc VcISuS ImQuIc 8Il IS SuDOI0IB8lc lO
lhc mOIc _cBcI8 8BlIBOmy lh8l 8II IS BOl lhc SuDOI0IB8lIB_ COBCcQl O IlS _cBIcS.
hcSc 0IcI 8S muCh SQcCIDC8y 8S lhcy 0IVcI_c HOm OBc 8BOlhcI." hc QucSlIOB
DcOVc0 O U80IlIOB8ISl 8QOO_ISlS O cVcIy SlIIQcul IS lh8l SlI muSIC7 IS
HuIlcSS, Il IS COBCIclc, hOWcVcI, lO 8B8yZc lhc 0c8cSlhclIZ8lIOB O 8Il 8S 8 QI8XIS
lh8l, 0cVOI0 O IcDcClIOB 8B0 lhIS SI0c O 8Il S OWB 0I8cClIC, QIO_IcSSIVcy 0cIV-
cIS 8Il OVcI lO lhc cXlI8-8cSlhclIC 0I8cClIC. y COBlI8Sl, lh8l SlcIcOlyQIC8 QucSlIOB
W8DlS lO uSc 8Il S 8DSII8Cl SuDOI0IB8lIB_ COBCcQl lO COBSlI8IB lhc mOVcmcBl O
lhOSc 0ISCIclc, mulu8y 0ISlIB_uIShIB_ ccmcBlS IB WhICh MI COBSISlS. LuIIcBly,
hOWcVcI, 8II SlIIS mOSl cBcI_cHC8y WhcIc Il 0cCOmQOScS IlS SuDOI0IB8lIB_ COB-
CcQl. B lhIS 0cCOmQOSIlIOB, 8II IS lIuc lO IlSc. l DIc8KS lhc mImclIC l8DOO OB lhc
ImQuIc 8S 8 hyDII0. ~hc IB80cQu8Cy O lhc COBCcQl O 8Il IS Ic_ISlcIc0 Dy lhc
IB_uISlIC ScBSOIIum IB lhc cXQIcSSIOB 8 Spmchkansnerk, 8 IlcI8Iy 8IlWOIK. Ol
WIlhOul 8 CcII8IB c_IlIm8Cy, 8 IlcI8Iy hISlOII8B COIBc0 Il 8S 8 SyBOBym OI QOcUy
IB lhc 8I_cSl ScBSc. ul lhc COBCcQl 8SO 0OcS 08m8_c lO QOclIC WOIKS lh8l 8Ic 8Il-
WOIKS 8B0 ycl, DcC8uSc O IhcII Ic8lIVcy 8ulOBOmOuS 0ISCuISIVc ccmcBl, BOl
OBy 8HWOIKS OI BOl 8IlWOIKS lhIOu_hOul. P IKcWISc IS IB BO W8y SImQy cQuIV8-
cBl WIlh 8IlWOIKS, OI 8HISlS 8Ic 8W8yS 8SO 8l WOIK OB 8Il 8B0 BOl OBy OB 8Il-
WOIKS. PIl 8S SuCh IS IB0cQcB0cBl cVcB O Ihc 8IlWOIKS COBSCIOuSBcSS. tuBC-
lIOB8 OImS 8B0 Cul OD]cClS m8y 0cVcOQ hISlOIIC8y IBlO 8IlWOIKS, lO 0cBy lhIS
ImQIcS m8KIB_ OBcSc 0cQcB0cBl OB 8H S Sc-uB0cISl8B0IB_, WhOSc 0yB8mIC
0cVcOQmcBl IS O0_c0 IB IlS OWB COBCcQl. hc 0ISlIBClIOB uI_c0 Dy cB]8mIB
DclWccB lhc 8IlWOIK 8B0 lhc 0OCumcBl` hO0S _OO0 IBSO8I 8S Il Ic]cClS WOIKS lh8l
8Ic BOl IB lhcmScVcS 0clcImIBc0 Dy Uc 8W O OIm, m8By WOIKS, hOWcVcI, 8Ic
OD]cClIVcy 8IIWOIKS cVcB WhcB lhcy 0O BOl QIcScBl lhcmScVcS 8S 8Il. hc B8mc
O cXhIDIlIOBS cBlIlc0 LOCumcBl8, WhICh QIOVI0c 8B cBOImOuS ScIVICc, _OSScS
OVcI lhIS QIODcm 8B0 lhuS 8DclS 8 hISlOIICISl 8cSlhclIC COBSCIOuSBcSS lh8l lhcy,
DcIB_ muScumS O lhc COBlcmQOI8Iy, W8Bl lO OQQOSc. LOBCcQlS O lhIS SOII, 8B0
cSQcCI8y lhOSc O lhc SO-C8c0 C8SSICS O mO0cDISm, COBlIIDulc 8 lOO Wc lO
lhc OSS OlcBSIOB IB QOSl-OI0 8I M, muCh O WhICh _OcS S8CK lhc mOmcBl
Il 8QQc8IS. hcy COmOIl8Dy 808Ql lO lhc mO0c O 8D cQOCh lh8l IKcS lO C8 IlSc
lhc 8lOmIC 8_c.
hc hISlOIIC8 mOmcBl IS COBSlIlulIVc O MWOIKS, 8uUcBlIC WOIKS 8Ic lhOSc lh8l
SUDcB0cI lhcmScVcS lO lhc hISlOIIC8 SuDSl8BCc O lhcII 8_c WIlhOul IcScIV8lIOB
8B0 WIlhOul lhc QIcSumQlIOB O DcIB_ SuQctIOI lO Il. hcy Mc lhc Sc-uBCOBSCIOuS
hISlOtIO_I8Qhy O UcII cQOCh, lhIS, BOl c8Sl O 8, cSl8DIShcS lhcII Ic8lIOB lO
KDOWc0_c. IcCIScy lhIS m8KcS lhcm IBCOmmcBSuI8Dc WIlh hISlOIICISm, WhICh,
IBSlc80 O OOWIB_ lhcII OWB hISlOIIC8 COBlcBl, Ic0uCcS lhcm lO lhcII cXlcD8
TOWAKDATHLOKYOlTHLAKTWOKK !B3
hISlDIy. PIlWDIKS m8y Dc 8 lhc mDIc IIuy cXQcIIcuCc0 lhc mDIc IhcII hISlDIIC8
SuDSl8uCc IS lh8l D lhc Duc WhD cXQIIcuCcS Il. hc DDuI_cDIS WDI0 D 8II IS I0cD-
D_IC8y DIu0 cVcu Iu lhc SuQQDSIlIDu Ih8l 8IlWDIKS lh8l Ic 8I cuDu_h Iu lhc Q8Sl
C8u Dc DcllcI uu0cISlDD0 lh8u IhDSc D lhcII DWu lImc. hc 8ycIS D cXQcIIcuCc
DDDc Dy ImQDII8ul CDulcmQDI8Iy 8IlWDIKS, lh8l WhICh W8ulS lD SQc8K Iu lhcm,
8Ic~8S DD]cClIVc SQIIIl~IuCDmQM8Dy mDIc CDmmcuSuI8Dc lD CDulcmQDI8IIcS
Ih8u 8Ic WDIKS WhDSc hISlDIICD-QhIDSDQhIC8 QIcSuQQDSIlIDuS 8Ic 8Icu8lc0 IDm
8Clu8 CDuSCIDuSucSS. hc mDIc IulcuSIVcy Duc SccKS lD CDmQIchcu0 8Ch, lhc
mDIc QuZZIu_ IS lhc _8Zc hc IcluDS, Ch8I_c0 8S Il IS WIlh 8 lhc QDWcI lh8l IS hIS.
\ucSS CDIIuQlc0 Dy WIu SlyIZ8IIDu, 8 IVIu_ CDmQDScI WDu0 h8I0y Dc 8Dc lD
WIIlc 8 H_uc lh8l IS DcIIcI lh8u 8 CDuScIV8lDQ cXcICISc DI 8 Q8ID0y DI 8 ccDc
ImIl8lIDu D lhc we//-IemperedC/uvier.hc mDSl cXUcmc ShDCKS 8u0 _cSIuIcS D
8Icu8lIDu D CDulcmQDI8Iy 8IlScISmD_I8mS D 8 uuIVcIS8 8u0 IucSC8Q8Dc OIm
D Ic8ClIDu8Ic ucMI lh8u Ihcy 8QQc8I lD Dc Dy VIIluc D hISlDIIC8 IcIDC8lIDu.
h8l IS CDuSI0cIc0 lD Dc IulcI_IDc lD 8 IS Wh8l h8S DcCDmc uuIulcI_IDc,
Wh8l lhc m8IQu8lc0 IcQc 8S 8 lDD SU8u_c IS Wh8l IS ScCIcly 8 lDD CDmQIchcu-
SIDc, CDuDImIu_ tIcu0 S 0IClum Ih8l lhc uuC8uuy IS IcQuSc0 Duy DcC8uSc Il IS 8
lDD 8mII8I. h8l IS DcSSc0 Du lhc DlhcI SI0c D lhc 1IDu LuIl8Iu 8S CuluI8 hcII-
l8_c 80 8CCcQlc0 Du lhIS SI0c 8S WcSlcH lI80IlIDu IS cXCuSIVcy m8uIQu8Dc
cXQcIIcuCcS lh8l C8u Dc luHc0 Du 8u0 D 8l WI. hcy 8Ic mDIc Ih8u 8mII8I lD
CDuVculIDu, WhcIc8S lhc 8mII8I C8u SC8ICcy Dc 8Clu8IZc0 8uy Du_cI. hcSc
cXQcIIcuCcS 0Ic D m lhc S8mc IuSl8ul lh8l lhcy DcCDmc Immc0I8lcy 8CCcSSIDc,
lhcII lcuSIDucSS 8CCcSSIDIIly Sc8S lhcII 8lc. hIS IS lD Dc 0cmDuSII8lc0 cQu8y
Dy lhc 8Cl lh8l DDSCuIc 8u0 0DuDIcSSy uuCDmQIchcu0c0 WDIKS Mc 8I0 Dul Iu
Sl8lc Iu lhc Q8ulhcDu D lhc C8SSICS 8u0 SluDDDDy IcQc8lc0," 8S Dy lhc 8Cl lh8l
cXCcQl DI 8 V8uIShIu_ cW lh8l 8Ic IcScIVc0 8S cXCcQlIDuS DI Ihc mDSl cXlIcmc
8V8ul-_8I0clhc QcIDIm8uCcS D lI80IlIDu8 WDIKS luD Dul 8Sc 8u0 uDuScuSI-
C8. DD]cClIVcy IuCDmQIchcuSIDc. D m8Kc lhIS cVI0cul, DQQDSIlIDu IS ucc0c0 lD
lhc ScmD8Cc D CDmQIchcuSIDIIly lh8l h8S _IDWu IKc 8 Q8lIu8 DVcI c8Ch D lhcSc
WDIKS 8u0 lhcII QIDD8uCcS. hc 8cSlhclIC CDuSumcI IS 8cI_IC lD h8VIu_ lhIS
0cmDuSII8lc0. Ilh SDmc ]uSlIDC8lIDu hc ccS lh8l hc IS DcIu_ IDDDc0 D Wh8l hc
QIDlcClS 8S hIS QDSScSSIDu, IhDu_h hc 0DcS uDl KuDW lh8l hc IS 8!Ic80y IDDDc0 D Il
8S SDDu 8S hc C8ImS Il 8S hIS DWu. tDIcI_uucSS lD lhc WDI0 IS 8u ccmcul D 8Il.
hDcVcI QcICcIVcS Il DlhcI lh8u 8S DIcI_u 8IS lD QcICcIVc Il 8l 8 .
bQIDl Iu 8IlWDIKS IS QDSIlc0 Dy lhcII SUuCluIc, Il IS uDl SDmclhIu_ 800c0 IDm
DulSI0c. hIS IS IcSQDuSIDc Iu uD Sm8 W8y DI lhc clISh ChM8CIcI D 8IIWDIKS.
cC8uSc lhcII SQIIIl cmcI_cS HDm lhcII CDuSlIlulIDu, SQIIIl ucCcSS8IIy 8QQc8IS
8S SDmcIhIu_-Iu-IlSc, 8u0 lhcy 8Ic 8lWDIKS Duy IuSD8I 8S SQIIIl 8QQc8IS lD Dc
SuCh. cVcIIhccSS 8IlWDIKS 8Ic, 8Du_ WIlh lhc DD]cClIVIly D lhcII SQIIIl, SDmc-
lhIu_ m80c. HcDcClIDu muSl cQu8y CDmQIchcu0 lhc clISh Ch8I8ClcI, ccClIVcy
S8uClIDu Il 8 8u cXQIcSSIDu D IlS DD]cClIVIly, 8u0 CIIlIC8y 0ISSDVc Il. D lhIS
cXlcul 8u 8II-8Icu ccmcul, WhICh 8II ScuScS, IS 80mIXc0 lD 8cSlhclICS. PIlWDIKS
l8 L 1WAKDA1HKYI1HLAK1WKK
DIg8uIZc Wh8l IS uDl DIg8uIZc0. hcj SQc8X Du IlS Dch8 8u0 VID8lc Il, Ucj CD-
I0c WIlh Il Dj DDWIug lhcII CDuSlIlulIDu 8S 8u 8IlI8Cl. hc 0ju8mIC lh8l c8Ch
8IlWDIX cuC8QSul8lcS IS Wh8l IS clDQucul Iu Il. Luc D lhc Q8I80DXcS D MWDIXS IS
lh8l, lhDugh lhcj 8Ic 0ju8mIC Iu lhcmScVcS, lhcj 8Ic DX8lc0, WhcIc8S Il IS Duj Dj
DcIug DX8lc0 lh8l lhcj 8Ic DD]cClIV8lc0. huS Il IS lh8l lhc mDIc IuSISlculj lhcj 8Ic
DDScIVc0 lhc mDIc Q8I80DXIC8 lhcj DcCDmc. L8Ch 8IlWDIX IS 8 SjSlcm D IIIcCDu-
CI8DcS. hcII QIDCcSS IlSc CDu0 uDl Dc QIcSculc0 WIlhDul DX8lIDu, ImQIDVIS8-
lIDuS uSu8llj uD mDIc lh8u ]uXl8QDSIlIDuS, SD lD SQc, m8IChIug Iu Q8Cc. hc
WIIllcu WDI0 8u0 muSIC8 uDl8lIDu, I gImQSc0 DI DuCc SlIIClj cXlcD8llj, 8Ic 8
0ISCDuCcIlIug Q8I80DX D SDmclhIug cXISlcul lh8l IS Iu IlS DWu lcDS 8 QHCcSS D
DcCDmIug. hc mImclIC ImQuScS lh8l mDlIV8lc lhc MWDIX, lh8l IulcgI8lc lhcm-
ScVcS Iu Il 8u0 DuCc 8g8Iu 0ISIulcgI8lc Il, 8c I8gIc, SQccChcSS cXQIcSSIDu. hcj
Duj DcCDmc l8ugu8gc lhIDugh lhcII DD]cClIV8lIDu 8S 8l. PIl, lhc IcSCuc D u8luIc,
IcVDlS 8g8IuSl u8Ic S U8uSIlDIIucSS. PIlWDIXS DcCDmc IXc l8ugu8gc Iu lhc 0c-
VclDQmcul D lhc DIu0IugucSS D lhcII ccmculS, 8 WDI0cSS Sjul8X cVcu Iu lIuguIS-
lIC WDIXS. h8l lhcSc WDIXS S8j IS uDl Wh8l lhcII WDI0S S8j. u 8IlS IulculIDucSS
8ugu8gc lhc mImclIC ImQuScS 8Ic DQuc8lhc0 lD lhc WhDc, WhICh SjulhcSIZcS
lhcm. mmuSIC 8u cVcul DI SIlu8lIDu IS 8Dc IcUD8ClIVcj lD Sh8Qc 8 QIcCc0Iug 0c-
VcDQmcul IulD SDmclhIug 8WcSDmc cVcu Whcu Il W8S uDl lh8l Iu lhc DISl Ql8Cc.
buCh IcUD8ClIVc mcl8mDIQhDSIS IS cXcmQ8Ij 8S 8 mcl8mDIQhDSIS Dj W8j D lhc
SQIIIl D lhc WDIXS. PIlWDIXS 8Ic 0ISlIuguIShc0 DDm lhc gcSl8lS Du WhICh QSjChD-
DgIC8 lhcDIj IS D8Sc0 Iu lh8l Iu 8IlWDIXS lhc clcmculS 8c uDl mcIclj m8Iul8Iuc0
Iu 8 SDIl D Iu0cQcu0cuCc, 8S IS Iu0cc0 DSSIDc Iu gcSl8lS. uSD8I 8S 8IlWDIXS 8Q-
Qc8I, lhcj 8Ic uDl8S QSjChIC8 gCSl8lS QuIQDHcd lD DCImmcdI8lcj gIVcu.
j lhcII SQIIIlu8 mc0I8lIDu lhcj culcI IulD 8 CDulI80IClDIj Ic8lIDu WIlh c8Ch
DlhcI lh8l 8QQc8S Iu lhcm 8l Uc S8mc lImc lh8l lhcj SUIVc lD SDlVc Il. hc cc-
mculS 8Ic uDl 8II8ugc0 Iu ]uXl8QDSIlIDu Dul DlhcI gIIu0 8W8j 8l c8Ch DlhcI DI
0I8W c8Ch DlhcI Iu, lhc Duc SccXS DI IcQuScS lhc DlhcI. hIS 8Duc CDuSDlulcS lhc
ucXuS D lhc mDSl 0cm8u0Iug WDIXS. hc 0ju8mIC D 8HWDIXS IS Wh8l SQc8KS Iu
lhcm, lhIDugh SQIIIlu8IZ8lIDu lhc WDIXS 8ll8IB lhc mImclIC ImQuScS lh8l QIIm8I-
Ij lhcII SQIIIl SuD]ug8lcS. bDm8ulIC 8Il hDQcS lD CDuScIVc lhc mImclIC ccmcul Dj
IcI8IuIug IDm mc0I8lIug Il lhIDugh DD, lhc WhDc IS lD S8j Wh8l lhc Q8IlICu8I
SC8ICcj SlI h8S lhc C8Q8CIlj lD S8j. cVcIlhccSS, IDm8ulIC 8Il C8uuDl SImQj
IguDIc lhc CDmQuSIDu lDW8I0 DD]cClIV8lIDu. l 0cgI80cS Wh8l DD]cClIVcj IcHScS
SjuUcSIS lD SDmclhIug lh8l IS 0ISCDuucClc0. Il 0ISSDCI8lcS IlSc Iu 0cl8IS, Il
IuCIucS uDuclhccSS, CDuU8Ij lD IlS SuQcOCI8 Qu8IlIcS, lD lhc 8DSlI8CUj DDuM.
mDuc D lhc gIc8lcSl CDmQDScIS, bDDcIl bChum8uu, lhIS Qu8Ily IS DDuu0 uQ cS-
SculI8j WIlh lhc lcu0cuCj lDW8I0 0ISIulcgI8lIDu. hc QuIIlj WIlh WhICh hIS WDIX
Sh8QcS M uuHCDuCIc0 8ul8gDuISm IS Wh8l gIVcS Il IlS QDWcI 8u0 I8BK. 1IcCIScj
DcC8uSc D lhc 8DSU8Cl DcIug-DI-IlSc D DD, lhc IDm8ulIC 8IlWDIK IcgIcSScS
D8CX D lhc C8SSICISl I0c8, WhICh Il Ic]cClS 8S DD8ISlIC. u Cl8SSICISm lhc mc0I8-
lIDu D lhc WhDc 8u0 Q8Il W8S 8I mDIc cmQh8lIC8lj SDughl, lhDugh 80mIllc0j
1OWAKDA1HLOKYOIAK1WOKK . !B5
BOl WIlhOul lI8CcS O IcSIgB8lIOB IB lhc WhOc, WhICh OIIcBlc0 IlSc lO ljQcS, Dul IB
lhc Q8IlICu8I 8S Wc, WhICh W8S l8IOIc0 lO lhc WhOc. Pl cVcIj QOIBl lhc 0cCIB-
IBg ODS O IOm8BlICISm lcB0 lOW8I0 lhc 8C80cmIC. LB0cI lhIS 8SQcCl, 8 SluI0j
ljQOOgj O 8IlWOIKS cmcIgcS uB8VOI08Dj. LBc ljQc mOVcS IOm 8DOVc, IOm lhc
WhOc 0OWB, lhc OlhcI mOVcS IB lhc OQQOSIlc 0IIcClIOB. h8l DOU ljQcS h8Vc cB-
0uIc0 8IIj 0ISlIBClj IS 0cmOBSlI8lc0 Dj lhc 8BlIBOmj lh8l QIO0uCcS lhcm 8B0
lh8l IS BOl lO Dc IcSOVc0 Dj 8Bj ljQc. lhc IDcCOBCI8DIIlj O lhc uBIVcIS8 8B0 lhc
Q8IlICu8I. 8lhcI lh8B SChcm8lIC8j cXlIBguIShIBg lhc Q8IIICu8I, 8S W8S lhc QIc-
0OmIB8Bl QI8XIS O lhc 8gc QIcCc0IBg hIm, cclhOVcB, ShOWIBg 8B ccCUVc 8hB-
Ilj OI lhc SQIIIl O lhc m8luIc DOuIgcOIS SQIIIl O lhc B8luI8 SCIcBCcS, 8Cc0 lhc
8BlIBOmj O lhc uBIVcIS8 8B0 lhc Q8IlICu8I Dj Qu8Il8lIVcj BculI8IZIBg lhc Q8I-
lICu8I. Mc lhuS 0I0 mOIc lh8B mcIcj IBlcgI8lc muSIC 8S 8 COBlIBuum O Wh8l IS
IB lhc QIOCcSS O DcCOmIBg, mOIc lh8n mcIcj ShIc0 lhc OIm IOm lhc cmcIgIBg
l0Ic8l O cmQlj 8DSU8ClIOB. B OuB0cIIBg, lhc Q8IlICu8I ccmcBlS 0ISSOVc IBlO
c8Ch OlhcI 8B0 0clcImIBc lhc OIm lhIOugh lhc QIOCcSS O lhcII OuB0cIIBg. B
cclhOVcB lhc Q8IlICu8I IS 8B0 IS BOl 8B ImQuSc lOW8I0 lhc WhOc, SOmclhIBg
lh8l OBj IB lhc WhOc DcCOmcS Wh8l Il IS, jcl IB IlSc lcB0S lOWM0 lhc Ic8lIVc IB-
0clcImIB8lcBcSS O D8SIC lOB8 Ic8lIOBS 8B0 lOW8I0 8mOIQhOuSBcSS. OBc hc8IS
OI Ic80S hIS cXlIcmcj 3IlICu8lc0 muSIC COScj cBOugh, Il IcScmDcS 8 COBlIB-
uum O BOlhIBg. hc lOuI 0c OICc O c8Ch O hIS gIc8l WOIKS IS IlcI8j McgcI8B,
IB lh8l lhc lOl8Ilj O BOlhIBg 0clcImIBcS IlSc 8S 8 lOl8Ilj O DcIBg, lDOugh Il 0OcS
SO OBj 8S ScmD8BCc 8B0 BOl WIlh lhc C8Im O 8DSOulc Uulh. 3cl lhIS C8Im lO
8DSOulc lIulh IS 8l lhc VcIj c8Sl SuggcSlc0 8S lhc WOIKS ulIm8lc COBlcBl Dj lhc
COmQOSIlIOBS Imm8BcBl SlIIBgcBCj. hc ccmcBl O B8luIc IS IcQIcScBlc0 Dj 8
QO8I OQQOSIlIOB DclWccB lhc 8lcBlj 0IuSc 8B0 uBgI8SQ8Dc OB lhc OBc h8B0,
8B0 lhc COmQcIBg OICc lh8l COBSlI8IBS 8B0 Sh8QcS Il OB lhc OlhcI. hc 0cmOB,
lhc COmQOSIIIOB8 SuD]cCl Ih8I OIgcS 3nd huIS WhO!c D!OCKS, 8CcS lhc uB0IDcI-
cBlI8lc0 Sm8cSl uBIlIcS IBlO WhICh c8Ch 8B0 cVcIj mOVcmcBl IS 0ISSOCI8lc0,
ulIm8lcj lhcIc IS BO m8lcII8 8l 8 Dul OBj lhc uB80ODc0 SjSlcm O D8SIC lOB8
Ic8lIOBS. PIlWOIKS 8Ic, hOWcVcI, 8g8IB Q8I80OXIC8 IB lh8l BOl cVcB lhcII
0I8cClIC IS IlcI8, Il 0OcS BOl lI8BSQIIc 8S 0OcS hISlOIj, lhcII ScCIcl mO0c. B
8CCOI0 WIlh lhc COBCcQl O lhc 3IlI8Cl, lhcII 0I8cClIC IS IcQIO0uCc0 IB cXISlIBg
WOIKS, WhICh IS lhc OQQOSIlc O lhc QIOCcSS lh8l lhcj 8l lhc S8mc lImc 8Ic. hIS IS
Q8I80Igm8lIC O 8IlS IuSOIj ccmcBl. l Icm8IBS lO Dc ShOWB, cXU8QO8lIBg IOm
cclhOVcB, lh8l IB lcImS O lhcII lcChBIC8 QI8XIS 8 8ulhcBlIC WOIKS 8Ic lOuIS 0c
OICc. N8Bj 8IlISlS O lhc 8lc DOuIgcOIS cI8~8Vc, N8cIj~IcCOgBIZc0 lhIS 8S
lhcII OWB l8SK. huS lhc OBCc 0IS08IBc0 COBCcQl O lhc `8IlISlc IcCOVcIS IlS 0Ig-
BIlj. h8l UICK IS BO QIImIlIVc OIm O 8Il 8B0 BO 8DcII8lIOB OI 0cgcBcI8lIOB Dul
8II S ScCIcl, 8 ScCIcl lh8l Il KccQS OBj lO gIVc Il 8W8j 8l lhc cB0. hOm8S N8BB
8u0cS lO lhIS WIlh hIS QIOVOC8lIVc COmmcBl lh8l 8Il IS 8 hIghcI OIm O QI8BK.
cChBOOgIC8 8S Wc 8S 8cSlhclIC 8B8jScS DcCOmc IuIlu WhcB lhcj COmQIc-
hcB0 lhc lOuI 0c OICc IB WOIKS. Pl lhc hIghcSl cVc O OIm lhc 0cIcSlc0 CIICuS 8Cl
I8
_
TOWAKUATHLOKYOTHLAKTWOKK
IS Iccu8Clc0. lhc 0cc8l D _I8VIly, lhc m8uIcSl 8DS0I0Ily D Uc CIIC0Shy 8
lhc cDH1~IS in nuce lhc 8cSlhclIC cuI_m8. hIS CDmcS lD Dc8I Du Q0cSlIDuS D
8IlISlIC QcIDIm8uCc. D QIDIm 8 Q8y DI 8 CDmQDSIlIDu CDIIcCly mc8uS lD DI-
m08lc Il CDIIcCly 8S 8 QIDDcm Iu S0Ch 8 8ShIDu lh8l lhc IuCDmQ8lIDc 0cm8u0S Il
m8KcS Du lhc QcIDImcI 8Ic IcCD_uIZc0. hc l8SK D 8 Icu0cIIu_ lh8l WI 0D ]0SlICc
lD 8 WDIK IS Iu QIIuCIQc IuDuIlc.
y IlS DQQDSIlIDu lD lhc cmQIIIC8 WDI0 c8Ch 8IlWDIK QID_I8mm8lIC8y, 8S Il
WcIc, cSl8DIShcS IlS 0uIly. h8l h8S Q8SSc0 Dy W8y D SQIIIl 0clcImIucS IlSc Iu
IlS DucucSS 8_8IuSl lhc 8CCI0cul8 8u0 Ch8DlIC lh8l cmDc00c0 Iu u8l0Ic. \uIly
IS mDIc lhM mcIcy DIm8. y IlS DICc 8IlWDIKS WHSl lhcmScVcS Icc HDm 8l8
0ISIulc_I8HDu. hc 0uIly D 8IlWDIKS IS lhcII C8cS0I8 IDm mylh. u lhcmScVcS,
8u0 Iu 8CCDI0 WIlh lhcII Imm8ucul 0clcImIu8lIDu, lhcy 8ChIcVc 8 0uIly lh8l IS
ImQIcSSc0 0QDu lhc cmQIIIC8 DD]cClS D I8lIDu8 KuDWc0_c. \uIly cmcI_cS HDm
lhcII DWu ccmculS, IDm lhc m0lIQICIly, lh0S lhcy 0D uDl cXlIIQ8lc mylh D0l
mDIy Il. 0DS D QhI8Sc S0Ch 8 lh8l 8 CcIl8Iu Q8IulcI Wc 0u0cISlDD0 hDW lD
CDmQDSc D_0IcS Iu 8 h8ImDuID0S SCcuc, DI lh8l lhc lImIu_ 8u0 Q8CIu_ D 8 Q08
QDIul Iu 8 8Ch QIc00c h8Vc 8u cSQcCI8y cICIlD0S ccClLDclhc hImSc W8S
Du DCC8SIDu uDl 8VcISc lD DIm08lIDuS D lhIS lyQc~uDW h8Vc 8u 8ICh8IC 8u0
QIDVIuCI8 Q08Ily DcC80Sc lhcy 8_ DchIu0 Uc CDuCcQl D ImmMcul 0uIly 8u0, 80-
mIllc0y, 8l lhc S8mc lImc 8VDW lhc S0Q0S D 8IDIlI8Iy WI Iu cVcIy WDIK. b0Ch
CDmmculS QISc Wh8l IS 0ccClIVc Iu Iuu0mcI8Dc WDIKS, cVcu I Il IS 8 0ccCl lh8l
IS CDuSlIl0lIVc D 8Il. hc m8lcII8 0uIly D 8IlWDIKS IS 8 lhc mDIc I0SDIy lhc
mDIc IlS TDImS 8u0 ccmculS 8Ic lDQDI 8u0 0D uDl cmcI_c Immc0I8lcy HDm lhc
COmQcXIOn D lhc IndIVIdu8 WOtk. Lnc 88QcCl O lhc OQQO8IlIOn O mD0cD 8H lO
Imm8ucul ScmD8uCc, IlS IuSISlcuCc Du lhc Ic8 0uIly D lhc 0uIc8, IS lh8l Il uD
Du_cI lDcI8lcS 8uylhIu_ 0uIVcIS8 Iu lhc DIm D 8u 0uIcHcClc0 Immc0I8Cy Iu
IlSc. h8l lhc 0uIly D lhc WDIK 0DcS uDl, hDWcVcI, CDmQclcy DII_Iu8lc Iu lhc
WDIKS Iu0IVI008 ImQ0ScS IS uDl 00c SImQy lD hDW lhcSc ImQ0ScS 8Ic m8uIQ0-
8lc0. bcmD8uCc IS 0cDuc0 Dy lhcSc ImQ0ScS 8S Wc. hIc _8ZIu_ Du_Iu_y 8u0
ucc0Iu_y lDW8I0 lhc 0uIly lhcy CD00 HD 8u0 IcCDuCIc, lhcy 8W8yS 8l lhc
S8mc lImc cc IDm Il. hc QIc]00ICc D lhc I0c8ISl lI80IlIDu Iu 8VDI D 0uIly 8u0
SyulhcSIS h8S uc_cClc0 lhIS. \uIly IS mDlIV8lc0 uDl c8Sl D 8 Dy lhc 8Cl lh8l
8CCDI0Iu_ lD lhcII DWu QIDQcuSIly lhc Iu0IVI008 ccmculS SccK lD cSC8Qc Il. LIS-
QcISc0 m0lIQICIly 0DcS uDl DcI IlSc uc0U8y lD 8cSlhclIC SyulhcSIS 8S 0DcS
cQISlcmDD_yS Ch8DlIC m8lcII8, WhICh, 0cVDI0 D Q08Ily, ucIlhcI MlICIQ8lcS uDI
c00cS IlS DImIu_. lhc 0uIIy D 8IlWDIKS IS 8SD IucSC8Q8Dy lhc VIDcuCc 0Duc lD
m0HQICIly SymQlDm8lIC D WhICh IS lhc 0Sc Iu 8cSlhclIC CIIlICISm D cXQIcSSIDuS
S0Ch 8S m8SlcIy DVcI lhc m8lcII8 ~m0lIQICIly m0Sl, IKc lhc cQhcmcI8 8u0
80IIu_ Im8_cS D u8l0Ic Iu 8ulIQ0IlyS mylhS, c8I 0uIly. hc 0uIly D D_DS, Dc-
C80Sc Il m0lI8lcS, IS cumcShc0 Iu lhc ucX0S D IlS _0Il. MDmcIS l8c D cucDQc,
WhD Iu lhc cVcuIu_ 0uI8Vcc0 Wh8l Shc h80 8CCDmQIShc0 00IIu_ lhc 08y, IS 8 Sc-
0uCDuSCID0S 8c_DIy D 8Il h8l C0uuIu_ cucDQc IuDIClS Du hcI 8IlI8ClS, Shc
TOWAKOATHLOKYOlTHLAK1WOKK '
B7
8Clu8j IuIClS Ou hcISc. VcI SIuCc MOmcIS VcIScS lhIS cQISO0c IS uOl lhc 80-
0IlIOu OI Iu0Imcul OI WhICh Il IS c8SIj mISl8Kcu, Dul 8 COuSlIlulIVc C8lcgOIj O
8Il' hIOugh lhIS SlOIj, 8Il l8
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cS IulO IlSc lhc ImQOSSIDIIlj O lhc I0culIlj O lhc
Ouc 8u0 lhc m8uj 8S 8u ccmcul O IlS uuIlj. PIlWOIKS, uO cSS lh8u Ic8SOu, h8Vc
lhcII CuuuIug. 1 lhc 0IScucSS 8u0 Iu0IVI0u8 ImQuScS O 8IlWOIKS WcIc cl lO
lhcII OWu Immc0I8Cj, lO lhcmScVcS, lhcj WOu0 DOW 8W8j WIlhOul 8 lI8Cc. PIl-
WOIKS IcgISlcI Wh8l WOu0 OlhcIWISc V8uISh. hIOugh uuIlj lhc ImQuScS OIcIl
lhcII Iu0cQcu0cuCc, Il IS Ouj mcl8QhOIIC8j lh8l lhcj 8uj OugcI SQOul8-
ucOuS. hIS COmQcS CIIlICISm cVcu O VcIj gIc8l 8IlWOIKS. hc I0c8 O gIc8lucSS
8 Iuc IS DOuu0 uQ WIlh lhc ccmcul O uuIlj, SOmclImcS 8l lhc COSl O IlS Ic8lIOu
lO lhc uOuI0culIC8, OI lhIS Ic8SOu lhc COuCcQl O gIc8lucSS IlSc IS 0uDIOuS Iu 8Il.
hc 8ulhOIIl8II8u ccCl O gIc8l 8IlWOIKS, cSQcCI8j Iu 8IChIlcCluD, DOlh cgIlI-
m8lcS 8u0 Iu0IClS lhcm. 1ulcgI8 OIm IS IuScQ8I8Dc HOm 0OmIu8lIOu, lhOugh Il
SuDIm8lcS Il, lhc IuSlIuCl 8g8IuSl Il IS SQcCIDC8j 1IcuCh. LIc8lucSS IS lhc guIl
lh8l WOIKS D8I, Dul WIlhOul lhIS guIl lhcj WOu0 Icm8Iu IuSuCIcul. hIS IS QcI-
h8QS lhc Ic8SOu OI lhc SuQcIIOIIlj O m8]OI H8gmculS, 8u0 lhc I8gmculMj Ch8I-
8ClcI O OlhcIS lh8l mOD HuIShc0, OVcI uj COmQclc WOIKS. hIS h8S 8W8jS
Dccu IcgISlcIc0 Dj V8IIOuS ljQcS O OIm lh8l 8Ic uOl 8mOug lhc mOSl hIghj Ic-
gM0c0. hc QuO0IDcl 8u0 mc0cj Iu muSIC, m0 Iu IlcI8luIc lhc 8QQ8Iculj COm-
OIl8Dc cQIC SuSQcuSIOu O lhc I0c8 O 0ju8mIC uuIlj, lcSlIj lO lhIS ucc0. 1u
cVcIj IuSl8uCc lhc DuuuCI8lIOu O uuIlj 8S 8 QIIuCIQc O OIm IlSc Icm8IuS uuIlj
SuI gcucIIS, hOWcVcI mc0IOCIc lhc Qu8Ilj. 3cl lhIS uuIlj IS uOl DIu0Iug, 8u0 8u
ccmcul O lhIS 8DScuCc O DIu0IugucSS IS QIOD8Dj DIu0Iug Iu 8 8IlWOIKS. PS
SOOu 8S uuIlj DcCOmcS Sl8Dc, Il IS 8Ic80j OSl.
hc 0cgIcc lO WhICh uuIlj 8u0 mulIQICIlj 8Ic IulcD8 lO c8Ch OlhcI Iu 8IlWOIKS
C8u Dc gI8SQc0 Iu lcImS O lhc QucSlIOu O lhcII IulcuSIlj. 1ulcuSIlj IS lhc mImcSIS
8ChIcVc0 lhIOugh uuIlj 8u0 Cc0c0 Dj lhc mulIQICIlj lO lhc lOl8Ilj, 8lhOugh lhIS
lOl8Ilj IS uOl Immc0I8lcj QIcScul Iu SuCh 8 8ShIOu lh8l Il COu0 Dc QcICcIVc0 8S
8u IulcuSIVc OICc, lhc QOWcI 8CCumu8lc0 Iu lhc lOl8Ilj IS, SO lO SQc8K, IcSlOIc0 lO
lhc 0cl8I. h8l Iu m8uj O IlS ccmculS lhc 8IlWOIK DcCOmcS mOIc IulcuSc, lhICK-
cuS, 8u0 cXQO0cS, gIVcS lhc ImQIcSSIOu O DcIug 8u cu0 Iu IlSc, lhc gIc8l uuIlIcS
O COmQOSIlIOu 8u0 COuSlIuClIOu Sccm lO cXISl Ouj OI lhc QuQOSc O SuCh Iulcu-
SIlj. PCCOI0Iugj, COuU8Ij lO CuIIcul 8cSlhclIC VIcWS, lhc WhOc Iu lIulh cXISlS
Ouj OI lhc S8Kc O IlS Q8IlSlh8l IS, IlS xtp,lhc IuSl8ul8u0 uOl lhc IcVcISc,
Wh8l WOIKS Iu OQQOSIlIOu lO mImcSIS ulIm8lcj SccKS lO ScIVc Il. Luc WhO Ic8ClS
QIc8IlISlIC8j, WhO OVcS V8IIOuS Q8SS8gcS O 8 COmQOSIlIOu OI Q8IulIug WIlhOul
COuSI0cIIug lhc OIm, QcIh8QS WIlhOul uOlICIug Il, QcICcIVcS SOmclhIug lh8l IS
IIghluj 0IIVcu Oul Dj 8cSlhclIC CulIV8lIOu jcl Icm8IuS cSSculI8 lO Il. hOcVcI
8CKS 8u 8QQIcCI8lIOu OI Dc8ulIu Q8SS8gcSIu Q8IulIug, lOO, 8S WIlh IOuSlS
cIgOllc, WhO, ScCOu0S DcOIc hIS 0c8lh, IS C8QlIV8lc0 Dj 8 Sm8 ScClIOu O 8 jc-
OW W8 Iu 8 NcImccI Q8IulIug IS 8S 8Icu lO lhc 8IlWOIK 8S Ouc WhO IS IuC8Q8Dc
O cXQcIIcuCIug IlS uuIlj. P lhc S8mc, SuCh 0cl8IS g8Iu lhcII umIuOSIlj Ouj Dj
l88
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TOWAUA TOKY Ol TLAKTOKK
VIIlu6 D lD6 WDD6. W8uj m68SuI6S Iu 66lDDV6u SDuu0 IK6 U6 S6ul6uC6 Iu E/ec-
tiveA]nities. IK6 8 Sl8I DDQ6 6 IDm lD6 D68V6uS D6DW, lDIS IS lIu6 D lD6
P08_ID D lD6 bDu8l8 Iu L WIuDI, DQ. J1 , uD. . l Duj I6QuII6S Q8jIu_ lD6 Q8S-
S8_6 DISl Iu CDul6Xl 8u0 lD6u 8Du6 lD D6 8D6 lD I6CD_uIZ6 DDW muCD IlS IuCDm-
m6uSuI8D6u6SS, I80I8lIu_ DV6I lD6 Q8SS8_6, DW6S lD lD6 WDIK 8S 8 WDD6. D6 Q8S-
S8_6 D6CDm6S 6XlI8DI0Iu8Ij D6C8uS6 IlS 6XQI6SSIDu IS I8IS60 8DDV6 WD8l QI6C606S
Il Dj lD6 CDuC6ulI8lIDu D 8 jIC8, Dum8uIZ60 m6D0j. l IS Iu0IVI0u8l60 Iu I68-
lIDu lD, 8u0 Dj W8j D, lD6 lDl8Ilj, Il IS IlS QID0uCl 8S W6 8S IlS SuSQ6uSIDu. V6u
lDl8Ilj, lD6 _8Q6SS Dll60u6SS D 8IlWDIKS, IS uD ulIm8l6 C8l6_DIj. PlDDu_D Il IS
IuU8uSI_6ul Iu lD6 8C6 D I6_I6SSIV6-8lDmISlC QIC6QlDu, Il IS I68lIVIZ60 D6C8uS6
IlS DIC6 IS QIDV60 6XCuSIV6j Iu lD6 Q8UICu8I IulD WDICD Il I80I8l6S.
D6 CDuC6Ql D 8u 8IlWDIK ImQI6S lD8l D IlS SuCC6SS. 8I60 8IlWDIKS 8I6 uDl 8Il.
68lIV6 SuCC6SS IS 8I6u lD 8Il, lD6 8V6I8_6 IS 8I680j lD6 D80. D6 8V6I8_6 IS Iu-
CDmQ8lID6 WIlD lD6 m60Ium D Q8IlICu8IIZ8lIDu. WI00Iu_ MlWDIKS, lD6 D68lDj
SDI D mIuDI m8Sl6IS SD 8QQI6CI8l60 Dj DISlDI8uS D 8 SImI8I Sl8mQ, QI6SuQQDS6
8u I068 SImI8I lD WD8l LuK8CS D80 lD6 8u08CIlj lD 066u0 8S 8 uDIm8 8IlWDIK.
MDW6V6I, D6Iu_ lD6 u6_8lIDu D lD6 SQuIIDuS uuV6IS8 D lD6 uDIm, 8Il lD6I8l6S
u6IlD6I uDIm8 WDIKS uDI mI00Iu_ Du6S lD8l CDD6SQDu0 lD 8 uDIm DI 6Sl8DISD
lD6II m68uIu_ Iu l6ImS D lD6II 0ISl8uC6 lD Il. D6I6 IS uD SC86 DI lD6 I8uKIu_ D
8IlWDIKS, lD6II S6-I06ulIlj mDCKS lD6 0Im6uSIDu D mDI6 DI 6SS. DI SuCC6SS,
Iuu6I CDuSISl6uCj IS 8u 6SS6ulI8 66m6ul, Dul Iu uD W8j lD6 Duj Du6. D8l lD6 8Il-
WDIK lDuCD Du SDm6lDIu_, lD6 ICDu6SS D lD6 06l8 Iu lD6 WDD6, lD6 _6SluI6 D
_6u6IDSIlj 6V6u Iu lD6 mDSl DIIll6 WDIKS D6S6 M6 mD06S D lD6 06m8u0S lD8l
8I6 QI6S6ul lD 8Il WIlDDul lD6II D6Iu_ I60uCID6 lD lD6 CDDI0Iu8l6S D Iuu6I CDu-
SISl6uCj, lD6II Q6uIlu06 WDu0 QIDD8Dj 6u06 _6u6I8 lD6DI6lIC8 I6H6ClIDu. 36l
lD6j SuDC6 DI C8SlIu_ 0DuDl uDl Duj Du lD6 CDuC6Ql D CDuSISl6uCj Dul Du lD8l D
SuCC6SS, WDICD IS Iu 8uj C8S6 0ISlDIl60 Dj IlS 8SSDI8lIDu WIlD lD6 Im8_6 D lD6
SUuIu_ mD06 Slu06ul. 36l lD6 I068 D SuCC6SS IS 8 lD6 S8m6 I6QuISIl6 I 8Il
IS uDl lD D6 8D8u0Du60 lD CIu06 I68lIVISm, 8u0 lD6 I068 D SuCC6SS IS 8ClIV6 Iu
lD6 S6-CIlICISm lD8l I6SI06S Iu 68CD 8IlWDIK 8u0 m8K6S Il Du6 Iu lD6 DISl Q8C6.
mm8u6ul lD CDuSISl6uCj IS lD8l H IS uDl 8 lD6I6 IS lD Il, lDIS 0ISlIu_uISD6S IlS
6mQD8lIC CDuC6Ql IDm IlS 8C806mIC CDII68lIV6. D8l IS Duj 8u0 lDDIDu_Dj
CDuSISl6ul, IS uDl CDuSISl6ul. D8l IS uDlDu_ Dul CDuSISl6ul, I6_8I06SS D WD8l IS
lD D6 DIm60, C68S6S lD D6 SDm6lDIu_ Iu-IlS6 8D0 06_6u6I8l6S IulD SDm6lDu_
CDmQ6l6j DI-8u-DlD6I. DIS 06Du6S 8C806mC QDISD. PC806mIC WDIKS 8I6 D80
D6C8uS6 U6 66m6ulS lD6I D_IC8Ilj SDDu0 SjuU6SIZ6 6u_6u06I uD CDuul6I-
ImQuS6S 8u0 Iu 8Cl 0D uDl 6XISl. D6 WDIK uu06Il8K6u Dj lD6II uuIlj IS SuQ6Iu-
DuS, l8ulDD_IC8, 8u0, IuSD8I 8S Il 8QQ68IS 8S lD6 uuIlj D SDm6lDIu_, IuCDuSISl6ul.
D6S6 WDIKS 8I6 0Ij, WDCD IS Iu _6u6I8 WD8l I6SulS WD6u mIm6SIS WIlD6IS,
8CCDI0Iu_ lD lD6 0DClIIu6 D l6mQ6I8m6ul, bCDuD6Il ~lD6 mmC Q8I 6XC66uC6
WDu0 D6 S8u_uIu6, mDISl. D6 mIm6lC8j 0IHS6 C8u D6 8Il D6C8uS6 8 IS Iu
SjmQ8lDj WIlD 0IuS6u6SS, lDIS IS uDl lD6 C8S6 DI uuIlj, WDICD SU8D_6S lD6 0I-
1LYAKO A 1HLKY L TLAK1YLKK | !B
uSc ccmcBl O 8Il lO hOBOI 8Il. PB 8IlWOIK WhOSc OIm SQIIBgS IOm IlS Uulh
COBRBl, hOWcVcI, IS cmQh8lIC8j SuCCcSSu. l IS BOl ODIgc0 lO cI8Sc Ihc II8CcS
O lhc QIOCcSS Dj WhICh Il h8S COmc lO Dc Wh8l Il IS, IlS 8IlIhCI8Ilj, lhc Qh8B-
l8Sm8gOIIC8 IS IlS OQQOSIlc IB U8l lhIOugh IlS 8QQc8I8BCc Il QOIlI8jS IlSc 8S
8ChIcVc0 IBSlc80 O C8IIjIBg lhIOugh Ihc QIOCcSS WhcIcDj Il mIghl 8Clu8j SuC-
Ccc0, IhIS IS Ihc OBj mOI8 O 8IlWOIKS. j QuISuIBg Il, 8IlWOIKS 8QQIOXIm8lc
lhcmScVcS lO 8 B8luI8BcSS Ih8l IS BOl uB]uSlj 0cm8B0c0 O 8Il, lhcj 0ISl8BCc
lhcmScVcS IOm Il 8S SOOB 8S lhcj l8Kc lhc Im8gc O B8luI8BcSS uB0cI UcII OWB
Ch8Igc. hc I0c8 O SuCCcSS IS IBlOcI8Bl O 80mIBISU8lIOB, OI Il QOSR8lcS OD]cC-
lIVc 8cSlhclIC lI0lh. P0mIllc0j lhcIc IS BO 8cSIhclIC Udlh WIlhOul lhc OgIC8Ilj O
lhc WOIK. ul lO DCOmc 8W8Ic O Il IcQuIIcS COBSCIOuSBcSS O lhc WhOc QIOCcSS,
WhICh IS Sh8IQcBc0 8S lhc CIIlIC8 QIODcm QOSc0 Dj lhc WOIK. hc OD]cClIVc Qu8-
Ilj O lhc WOIK IS mc0I8lc0 lhIOugh lhIS QIOCcSS. PIlWOIKS h8Vc mISlMcS 8B0 C8B
Dc VIlI8lc0 Dj lhcm, Dul lhcIc IS BO SIBgc mISl8Kc lh8l lhc U0c COBSCIOuSBcSS O
lhc QIOCcSS WOu0 BOl D 8Dc lO cgIlIm8lc 8S COIIcCl, lhcIcDj 8BBuIBg lhc ]u0g-
mcBl. LBc IS BOl BcCcSS8IIj 8 Qc08Bl lO I8ISc OD]cClIOBS OB lhc D8SIS O COmQOSI-
lIOB8 cXQcIIcBCc lO lhc hISl mOVcmcBl O bChOcBDcIgS blIIBg _u8Ilcl IB t-Sh8IQ
NIBOI. hc Immc0I8lc COBlIBu8lIOB O lhc DISl m8IB lhcmc IB lhc VIO8 8BlICIQ8lcS
QIcCIScj lhc mOlIVc O lhc ScCOB0 lhcmc 8B0 8S 8 IcSul 08m8gcS lhc cCOBOmj
lh8l 0cm8B0S Ihc DIB0IBg COBlI8Sl O 8 QIOOBgc0 lhcm8lIC 0u8ISm. , hOWcVcI,
OBc lhIBKS lhIOugh lhc mOVcmcBl 8S 8 WhOc, 8S 8 SIBgc IBSl8Bl, lhcB Ihc SImI8I-
Ilj IS mc8BIBg0 8S 8B 8BlICIQ8lIOB. LI. Olhc gIOuB0S O OIChcSU8lIOB8 OgIC Il
COu0 Dc OD]cClc0 lh8l IB lhc 8Sl mOVcmcBl O N8hcI S PIBlh bjmQhOBj, 8l lhc
IcIBUO0uClIOB O Uc m8IB SUOQhc, IlS mcO0j lWICc 8QQ8IS IB lhc S8mc Ch8I8C-
lcIISlIC COOI~lh8l O lhc SOO hOD~I8lhcI lh8B DcIBg SuD]cClc0 lO lhc QIIBCIQc
O COOIISlIC V8II8lIOB. LB Ihc DISl OCC8SIOB, hOWcVcI, IhIS SOuB0 IS SO QcBcU8lIBg,
IBdccd cXcmQ8Ij, lh8l lhc muSIC dOcS BOl dIScBg8gc IlSc DOm Il 8B0 jIc0S lO Il.
huS Ihc IcQclIlIOB luDS Oul lO Dc COIIcCl. hc 8BSWcI lO lhc COBCIclc 8cSIhclIC
QucSlIOB O Whj 8 WOIK C8B ]uSlj Dc S8I0 lO Dc Dc8ulI0, COBSISlS IB lhc C8SuISlIC
QuISuIl O ]uSl SuCh Sc-IcHcClIBg OgIC. hc cmQIIIC8 IBIcImIB8DIIlj O lhcSc
IcDcClIOBS Ch8BgcS BOlhIBg IB lhc OD]cClIVIlj O Wh8l lhcj gI8SQ. hc OD]cClIOB
O0gc0 Dj hc8lhj COmmOB ScBSc~lh8l lhc mOB80OOgIC8 IIgOI O Imm8BcBl
CIIlIQuc 8B0 lhc C8lcgODC8 C8Im O 8cSlhclIC ]u0gmcBl 8Ic IBCOmQ8lIDc DcC8uSc
cVcIj BOIm UcSQ8SScS OB Uc Imm8BcBCc O lhc WOIK, WhcIc8S WIlhOul 8Bj BOIm
lhc WOIK IS BO mOIc lh8B 8CCI0cBl8 ~QcIQclu8lcS lh8l 8DSU8Cl 0IVISIOB O lhc uBI-
VcIS8 8B0 Q8IlICu8I lh8l m8KcS 8IlWOIKS Bu 8B0 VOI0. h8l WhcIcDj Il IS QOSSI-
Dc lO 0ISlIBguISh Wh8l IS CODcCl 8B0 Wh8l IS 8Sc IB 8B 8DWOIK 8CCOI0IBg lO
IlS OWB mc8SuIc IS lhc ccmcBlS IB WhICh uBIVcIS8Ilj ImQOScS IlSc COBCIclcj
IB lhc mOB80. B Wh8l IS OImc0 IB IlSc OI IBCOmQ8lIDc WIlh IlSc 8 uBIVcIS8
IS O0gc0, cVcB IhOugh Il IS ImQOSSIDc lO Qu Il 8W8j IOm lhc SQcCIhC OIm 8B0
hjQOSl8lIZc Il.
hc I0cOOgIC8, 8Im8lIVc 8SQcCl O Ihc COBCcQl O Ihc SuCCcSSu 8IlWOIK h8S IlS
lV | 1OWAKDA1HLOKYOl1HLAK1WOKK
CDIIcC!IVc Iu lhc 8Cl !h8l lhcIc 8Ic uD QcIcCl WDIKS. 1 lhcj 0I0 cXISl, IcCDuCII8-
lIDu WDu0 Dc QDSSIDc Iu lhc mI0Sl D lhc uuIcCDuCIc0, lD WhICh Ic8m 8I! D-
Du_S. 1u QcIcCl WDIKS 8Il WDu0 lI8uSCcu0 IlS DWu CDuCcQl, lhc !uD lD lhc II8Dc
8u0 !hc I8_mcul8Ij IS Iu lIulh 8u cDI! lD S8Vc 8Il Dj 0ISm8ulIu_ lhc C8Im lh8l
8IlWDIKS 8Ic Wh8l lhcj C8uuDl D 8u0 Wh8l lhcj ucVcI!hccSS muSl W8ul lD Dc, lhc
I8_mcul CDul8IuS DDlh lhDSc ccmculS. hc I8K D 8u 8IlWDIK IS 0cDuc0 cSScu-
lI8j Dj WhclhcI Il cXQDScS IlSc lD, DI WIlh0I8WS IDm, lhc IIIcCDuCI8Dc. LVcu
Iu SD-C8c0 DIm8 ccmculS lhcIc IS Dj VIIluc D lhcII Ic8lIDu lD !hc uuIcCDuCI-
8Dc 8 IcluD D CDulcul [Inhu/t]lh8l IS IcH8Clc0 Dj lhcII 8W. hIS 0I8cClIC Iu lhc
DIm CDuSlIlulcS IlS 0cQlh, WIlhDul Il DIm WDu0 Dc Wh8l QhIISlIucS l8Kc Il lD D.
cmQlj Q8j. 3cl 0cQlh IS uDl lD Dc cQu8lc0 WIlh lhc 8DjSS D SuD]cClIVc IuWM0-
ucSS, WhICh IS S8I0 lD j8Wu WI0c Iu 8I!WDIKS, I8lhcI, Il IS 8u DD]cClIVc C8lc_DIj D
WDIKS, lhc CcVcI Ch8llcI 8DDul lhc SuQcIDCI8Ilj D 0cQlh IS 8S SDQhISlIC 8S IS IlS
SDcmu QI8ISc. u SuQIDCI8 WDIKS, SjulhcSIS 0DcS uDl IulcIVcuc Iu Uc hclcID-
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0ccQ lh8l ucIlhcI m8SK lhc 0IVcI_cul DI 8ul8_DuISlIC uDI c8Vc Il uuIcCDuCIc0. j
DICIu_ Il IulD 8QQc8I8uCc lh8l ISSucS HDm lhc uuIcCDuCIc0, lhcj IuCDIQDI8lc lhc
QDSSIDIIlj D CDuCII8lIDu. LIVIu_ DIm lD 8u!8_DuISmS 0DcS uDl IcCDuCIc DI cIH-
u8lc lhcm. j 8QQc8IIu_ 8u0 0clcImIuIu_ 8 8DDI Iu lhc 8IlWDIK, lhcj DcCDmc
SDmclhIu_ cSSculI8, Dj DcCDmIu_ !hcm8lIC Iu lhc 8cSlhclIC Im8_c, lhcII SuDS!8u-
lI8Ilj cmcI_cS WIlh 8 lhc mDIc Q8SlICIlj. LcIl8Iuj m8uj hISlDIIC8 Qh8ScS QID-
VI0c0 _Ic8lcI QDSSIDIIlIcS D IcCDuCII8lIDu lh8u 0DcS lhc CDulcmQDI8Ij hISlDIIC8
SIlu8lIDu, WhICh I80IC8j IcuScS Il. PS Uc uDuVIDcul Iulc_I8lIDu D Wh8l 0IVcI_cS,
hOWcVcr, lhc 8rlWOtk 8l lhc 88mc lImc lImSCcu0S lhc 8ul8gDuISmS D cXISlcuCc
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Dmj D 8IlWDIKS, lhc mDSl lhIc8lcuIu_ 8u0 I0Ilu, IS !h8l lhcj 8Ic IIIcCDuCI8Dc
Dj W8j D IcCDuCII8lIDu, WhcIc8S 8Clu8j lhcII CDuSlIlulIVc IIIcCDuCI8DII!j 8l
!hc S8mc lImc 0cQIIVcS !hcm lDD D IcCDuCII8lIDu. 3cl Ucj CDuVcI_c WIlh KuDW-
c0_c lhIDu_h lhcII SjulhclIC uuClIDu, lhc ]DIuIu_ D lhc 0IS]DIul.
1l IS uDl QDSSIDc lD CDuCcIVc lhc I8uK DI Qu8Ilj D 8u MlWDIK 8Q8Il IDm IlS
0c_Icc D 8IlICu8lIDu. u _cucI8, 8IlWDIKS 8Ic mDIc V8u8Dc Iu 0IIcCl Ic8lIDu lD
hDW 8I!ICu8lc0 lhcj 8Ic, Whcu uDlhIu_ 0c80, uDlhIu_ uuDImc0, Icm8IuS, Whcu
!hcIc IS uD Q8Il U8l h8S uDl Dccu Q8SSc0 lhIDu_h Iu lhc DImIu_ QIDCcSS. hc mDIc
0ccQj !hIS QIDCcSS h8S Qcuc!I8lc0, lhc mDIc SuCCcSSu lhc WDIK. PIlICu8lIDu IS
lhc Ic0cmQlIDu D lhc m8uj Iu lhc Duc. tDI 8IlISlIC QI8XIS lhc 0cm8u0 DI 8IlICu8-
lIDu mc8uS lh8l cVcIj SQcCIHC DIm I0c8 muSl Dc 0IIVcu lD IlS cXlIcmc. tDI IlS Ic8-
IZ8lIDu Iu lhc 8IlWDIK, cVcu lhc DIm I0c8 lh8l IS lhc DQQDSIlc D 0ISlIuClucSS~lhc
V8_ucIcQuIIcS lhc ulmDSl 0ISlIuClucSS D DIm, 8S Iu LcDuSSj. LISlIuClucSS IS
uDl lD D CDuuSc0 WIlh DDmD8SlIC, cX8lc0 _cSluIIu_, cVcu lhDu_h IDIl8lIDu WIlh
!hc 8l!cI DII_Iu8lcS mDIc Iu 8uXIclj lh8 Iu CIIlIC8 CDuSCIDuSucSS. h8l sq/e]um-
bcyunt, WhICh SlI Sl8u0S Iu QDDI IcQulc, m8j Dc QcIcClj 8QQIDQII8lc 8u0 DD]cC-
!IVc 8CCDI0Iu_ lD lhc IcQuIIcmculS D SDmclhIu_ lh8l IS lD Dc QIcSculc0. LVcu
1OWAKDA1HLOKYOIAK1WOKK | !!
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8IlICu8lIOB, COIIc8lIVc WIlB lBc QIIBCIQc O IB0IVI0u8lIOB, W8S BOl IcDcClc0 uBlI
lDc mO0cD 8_c, Il D8S OD]cClIVcj IclIO8ClIVc OICc cVcB OVcI WOIKS O lDc Q8Sl
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8CIc lDc QIIBCIQc O 8IlICu8lIOB, 8S 8 QIIBCIQc O 8IlISlIC QIOc0uIc, Dc8IS 8B8-
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O 8IlICu8lIOB, DOWcVcI, WOu0 Dc lOO CDc8Q. tOI 8IlICu8lIOB 0OS BOl COBSISl O
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Uc8SuIc lB8l lDc WOIK DO0S IB IlS B8B0S Ic80j OI lDc l8KIB_. Dc 0c_Icc lO WDICD
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8DSlI8Cl cBmIlj lO uBIlj SccK lO 0ISSOVc lDcmScVcS IBlO lDc mulIQICIlOuS, lO
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hISl Q8Cc. OIKS lD8l 8DSOulcj IB DuX, WDOSc QuI8Ilj IS WIlDOul IccIcBCc
lO uBIlj, lBcIcDj DcCOmc uB0IDcIcBlI8lc0, mOBOlOBOuS, 8B0 IB0IcIcBl.
Bc lIulB COBlcBl O mlWOIKS, OB WBICB lDcII I8BK ulIm8lcj 0cQcB0S, IS DISlOIIC8
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lZ . 1OWAKDA1HLOKYOl1HLAK1WOKK
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8Il h8S 8 Qu8Ilj O D!Iu0 m8KIu_. hIS ccmcul O lhc SQIDl O lhc lImcS IS QcIm8-
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culc0 lO lhc Q8Sl, IS 8Dc lO 8VOI0 lhIS. Hc_8I0cSS O hOW muCh PulOu IuCKucI
SOu_hl OI lhcOO_IC8! IcSlOI8lIOu lhIOu_h hIS WOIKS, lhcj 8Ic mOIc lh8u lhIS OS-
lcuSIDc IulculIOu. hcj Q8IlICIQ8lc Iu Uulh COulcul QIcCIScj DcC8uSc, Iu SQIlc O
cVcIjlhIu_, lhcj 8QQIOQII8lc0 lhc h8ImOuIC 8u0 IuSUmcul8 0ISCOVcIIcS O lhcII
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Iu OQQOSIlIOu lO lhc mO0cH. HImD8u0 S i//uattre ubsc/ament mcdemeg IlSc
mO0cH, Icm8IuS uOIm8lIVc. MOWcVcI, DcC8uSc 8IlS 1cmQOI8 uuCcuS IS uOl IlS
lhcm8lIC 8Clu8!Ilj Dul IlS Imm8ucul OI_8uIZ8lIOu, HImD8u0 S uOImWh8lcVcI Il
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IS DOuu0 uQ WIlh Wh8l IS 8u8lhcm8 lO CuluI8 COuScIV8lISm. 8ShIOu. l h8S IlS
lIulh 8S lhc uuCOuSCIOuS COuSCIOuSucSS O lhc lcmQOI8 uuCcuS O 8Il 8u0 IS uOI-
m8lIVcj !c_IlIm8lc Iu8O8I 88 Il I8 uOl m8uIQu8lc0 Dj lhc CuluIc Iu0u8Uj 8u0
lOH 8W8j HOm OD]cClIVc SQIIIl. LIc8l 8IlISlS SIHCc 8u0c8IIc h8Vc COuSQIIc0 WIlh
8ShIOu, I lhcj 0cuOuuCc0 Il, lhcSc 0cuuuCI8lIOuS WcIc _IVcu lhc Ic Dj lhc Im-
QuScS O lhcII OWu WOIK. PlhOu_h 8Il IcSISlS 8ShIOu Whcu Il SccKS lO cVc! 8Il
hclcIOuOmOuSj, Il IS 8!Ic0 WIlh Il Iu IlS IuSlIuCl OI lhc hISlOIIC8 mOmcul 8u0 Iu
IlS 8VcISIOu lO QIOVIuCI8!ISm 8u0 lhc SuD8!lcD, lhc IcuS8 O WhICh 0cIuc8lcS
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blI8uSS, QcIh8QS cVcu NOucl, 0ImIuIShc0 Iu Qu8Ilj Whcu, SccmIu_j h8QQj WIlh
lhcmSc!VcS 8u0 WIlh Wh8l lhcj h80 8ChIcVc0, lhcj OIcIlc0 Uc QOWcI OI hISlOII-
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OICcS, WhICh 8Il Iu IlS IuucImOSl h8S Iu CO Ou WIlh SOCIclj 8u0 8l lhc S8mc lImc
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SOQlIOu O lcChuIQucS lh8l OII_Iu8lc SOCI8j, cXlcD8 lO 8Il, 8u0 U8l, DcC8uSc
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hum8u QIO0uClIVc OICcS 8!SO 0cVcOQ Iu Ml, Iu lhc OIm O SuD]cClIVc 0IcIculI8-
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1OWAKUA1HLOKYOI1HLAK1WOKK . lJ
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lIDu D lhC m8lCII8 Iu WhICh hISlDIj IS SC0ImCulC0 IIgDl uQ lD lhC mDmCul Iu
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8SD lDC lI8uSDIDIug CIIlIguC D lCChuIguC, Iu lhIS mDmCul, CDuSCIDuSuCSS IC8ChCS
Dul IRlD UC DQu, DCjDu0 lhC Sl8luS guD. l IS uDl QDSSIDC lD CIDIu8lC Dm lDIS
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DcCDmc uuIulcIQIcl8Dc 8u0 8 mulc, Dcu lDc Qu8Ilj SucIS, Iu _cucI8, lDc
IuucI lI8uSDIm8lDu D WDIKS mDSl Dlcu IuVDVcS 8 0cCIuc, 8 CD8QSc IulD I0cD-
D_j. Dc Q8Sl DcIS uQ cVcI cWcI WDIKS D V8uc. Dc SD-C8c0 CuluI8 IcScIVc
SDIuKS. Dc ucuH8IZ8lIDu D CuluIc 8 8 IcScIVc IS lDc cXlcH8 8SQcCl D lhc
IulcH8 CD8QSc D WDIKS. Dc DISlDIIC8 lI8uSDIm8lIDu D 8IlWDIKS cXlcu0S lD
lDcI cVc D DIm. PlDDu_D lD08j uD cmQD8lIC 8Il C8u Dc Im8_Iuc0 lD8l 0DcS uDl
8j C8Im lD lDc DI_DcSl cVc D DIm, lDIS IS uD _u8I8ulcc D SuIVIV8. LDuVcIScj,
WDIKS lD8l m8j D8Vc Dc0 uD _Ic8l 8mDIlIDu DI lDcmScVcS SDmclImcS 0ISQ8j
Qu8IlIcS lDcj D8I0j D80 IuIlI8j. N8lDI8S L8u0IuS 8u0 JDD8uu clcI McDc SDDW
_Ic8lcI QDWcIS D cu0uIIu_ lD8u 0D mDIc 8mDIlIDuS 8ulDDIS IKc 1IIc0IICD McDDc
DI lDc t8uDIl D Su/ummb;Q8ID0j, WDICD lDIIVcS DcllcI 8l lDc DWcI lD8u 8l lDc
DI_DcI cVc D DIm, CD0IDcS lDc Ic8lIDuSDIQ. cVcS D DIm SDDu0 Dc m8Iu-
l8Iuc0 8u0 Ic8lIVIZc0.
MDWcVcI, I DuISDc0 WDIKS Duj DcCDmc WD8l lDcj 8Ic DcC8uSc lDcII DcIu_ IS 8
QIOcSS D DcCDmIu_, lDcj Mc Iu luD 0cQcu0cul Du DImS Iu WDICD lDcII QIDCcSS
CIjSl8IZcS. IulcIQHl8lIDu, CDmmcul8Ij, 8u0 CIlIQuc. DcSc uDl SImQj DIDu_Dl
lD Dc8 Du WDIKS Dj lDDSc WDD CDuCcH lDcmScVcS WIlD lDcm, I8lDcI lDcj 8Ic lDc
8cu8 D lDc DISlDIC8 0cVcDQmcul D 8IlWDIKS Iu lDcmScVcS, 8u0 lDuS lDcj 8Ic
DmS Iu lDcII DWu II_Dl. Dcj ScIVc lDc HulD CDulcul D WDIKS 8S SDmclDIu_ lD8l
_DcS DcjDu0 lDcm, WDICD ScQ8I8lcS lDIS lulD CDulcul~lDc l8SK D CIIlIQucIDm
ccmculS D IlS uuHulD. 1 lhc uuD0Iu_ D lDc WDIK Iu lDcSc DmS IS uDl lD mIS-
C8Ij, lDcj muSl Dc DDuc0 lD lDc QDIul WDcIc lDcj DcCDmc QDIDSDQDIC8. l IS IDm
WIlDIu, Iu lDc mDVcmcul D Uc Imm8ucul DIm D 8HWDIKS 8u0 lDc 0ju8mIC D
UcII Ic8lIDu lD lDc CDuCcQl D 8Il, lD8l Il ulIm8lcj DcCDmcS m8uIcSl DDW muCD
8IlIu SQIlc D, 8u0 DcC8uSc D, IlS mDu80DD_IC8 cSScuCcIS 8u ccmcul Iu lDc
mDVcmcul D SQIIIl M0 D SDCI8 Ic8Ilj. Dc Ic8lIDu lD lDc 8Il D lDc Q8Sl, 8 Wc
8S lDc D8IIIcIS lD IlS 8QQcICcQlDu, D8Vc lDcII DCuS Iu lDc CDulcmQDI8Ij CDu0IlIDu
D CDuSCIDuSucSS 8S QDSIlIVcj DI uc_8lIVcj lI8uSCcu0c0, lDc IcSl IS uDlDIu_ mDIc
lD8u cmQlj cIu0IlIDu. P IuVculDIjIu_ CDuSCIDuSucSS D lDc MlISlIC Q8Sl IS 8Sc.
Luj 8 IDcI8lc0, IcCDuCIc0 Dum8uIlj WI SDmc08j QcID8QS Dc 8Dc lD 0cVDlc Il-
Sc lD lDc 8H D lDc Q8Sl WIUDul I_uD0Iuj, WIUDul lD8l Iu8mDuS I8uCDI 8l CDu-
lcmQDI8Ij 8l, 8u0 lDuS m8Kc 8mcu0S lD lDc 0c80. Dc DQQDSIlc D 8 _cuuIuc Ic8-
lIDu lD lDc DISlDIIC8 SuDSl8uCc D 8IlWDIKS~lDcII cSSculI8 CDulcul~IS lDcII I8SD
SuDSumQlIDu lD DISlDQ, lDcII 8SSI_umcul lD 8 DISlDIIC8 mDmcul. 1u ZcIm8ll lDc
N8llcIDDH, lDc CDI0S Im8_c D lDc 8DSDulc mDuul8Iu, _IVcS Uc 8QQc8I8uCc D1
DIu_ lDc Duj mDuul8Iu Du c8lD, Dm lDc LDH I0_c Il 8QQc8IS 8S Duc IuK Iu 8
CDDSS8 CD8Iu. ul LDH I0_c C8u Duj Dc 8QQID8CDc0 IDm ZcIm8ll. Dc SIlu8-
lIDu IS uD 0IcIcul WIlD H_8I0 lD QcISQcClIVcS Du 8IlWDIKS.
Dc IulcI0cQcu0cuCc D Qu8Ilj 8u0 DISlDIj SDDu0 uDl Dc CDuCcIVc0 8CCDI0Iu_ lD
lDc SluDDDH CICDc D 8 CIu0c DISlDIj D I0c8S lh8l IuSISlS lh8l DISlDIj IS lDc CDuIl
TWAKDATHLKYITHLAKTWKK . !9
lh8l 0clcImIucS Qu8Ily. hIS WIS0Dm IS 8 hISlDIICDQhIDSDQhIC8 I8lIDu8IZ8lIDu
D IlS DWu Iu80cQu8Cy, 8S I uD ]u0gmcul WcIc QDSSIDc Iu lhc hcIc 8u0 uDW. buCh
humIIly IS Iu uD W8y SuQcIIDI lD 8 QDulIDC8lIug ]u0gc D 8Il. L8ulIDuS, QDSluIc0
ucuU8Ily IS 8W8yS Ic80y lD DDW lD IuIug DQIuIDuS. lS CDuDImISm cXlcu0S cVcu
IulD lhc uluIc. tDI lhIS uculI8Ily QulS IlS lIuSl Iu lhc CDuISc D WDI0 SQIDl, Iu
8u 8lcIWDI0 Iu WhICh lhc 8ulhculIC WDu0 Dc cVcI ScCuIc, WhcIc8S uu0cI IlS uu-
Cc8SIug SQc lhc WDI0 SQIIIl CDuDImS 8u0 DcQuc8lhS lhc D0 uulIulh. LCC8SIDu8
gIc8l 0ISCDVcIIcS DI cXhum8lIDuS, SuCh 8S lhDSc D L LIcCD, uChucI, 8u0
L8uU08mDul, h8Vc Dccu QDWcIH ]uSl DcC8uSc lhcy m8Xc cVI0cul lh8l Uc CDuISc
D hISlDIy 8S SuCh Iu uD W8y m8XcS CDHHDu C8uSc WIlh Wh8l IS gDD0. Vcu WIlh
Icg8I0 lD ImQDIl8ul 8IlWDIXS lhc CDuISc D hISlDIy muSl~8S cu]8mIu Qul Il~Dc
DIuShc0 8g8IuSl lhc gI8Iu,'" 8u0 uD Duc IS 8Dc lD S8y Wh8l ImQDIl8ul WDIXS h8Vc
Dccu 0cSIIDyc0 Iu lhc hISlDQ D 8Il, SD 0ccQy DIgDllcu 8Ic lhcy lh8l lhcy 8Ic uDl
lD Dc IclIIcVc0, DI SD S8u0cIc0 lh8l Ucy 8Ic DcyDu0 C8. 8Icy h8S lhc VIDcuCc
D hISlDIIC8 Ic8Ily lDcI8lc0 cVcu IulccClu8 IcVISIDuS. P lhc S8mc, lhc I0c8 D
lhc ]u0gmcul D hISlDIy IS uDl SImQy uug8lDIy. tDI CculuIIcS, cX8HQcS D Uc
IuCDmQIchcuSIDu D CDulcmQDI8IIcS h8Vc 8DDuu0c0, cVcI SIuCc lhc cu0 D cu08
lI80IlIDu8ISm lhc 0cm8u0 DI lhc ucW 8u0 DIIgIu8 h8S ucCcSS8IIy CDI0c0 WIlh
Wh8lcVcI VIcWS 8Ic QIcV8IIug, SIHul8ucDuS IcCcQlIDu DcCDmcS cVcI mDIc 0I-
Cul. l IS ucVcIlhccSS SlIIXIug hDW cW 8IlWDIXS D lhc hIghcSl I8uX WcIc DIDughl
lD Ighl cVcu Iu lhc cQDCh D hISlDIICISm, WhICh I8uS8CXc0 cVcIylhIug Il CDu0 8y
h8u0S Du. l muSl Dc IcuCl8uUy 80mIllc0, mDIcDVcI, lh8l lhc mDSl 8mDuS WDIXS
D lhc mDSl 8mDuS m8SlcIS~lhcmScVcS clIShcS Iu CDmmD0Ily CuluIc~8H
Iu0cc0 DHcu, lhDugh uDl 8W8yS, SuQcIIDI Iu Qu8Ily lD lhDSc lh8l h8Vc Dccu uc-
gcClc0. blhc ]u0gmcul D hISlDIy, 0DmIu8lIDu Iu lhc DIH D QIcV8IIug DQIuIDu
culWIucS WIlh lhc uuD0Iug Uulh D 8IWDIXS. PS lhc 8ulIlhcSIS lD cXISUug SI-
cly, Uulh IS uDl cXh8uSlc0 8CCDI0Iug lD SDCIcly S 8WS. 8lhcI, Uulh h8S IlS DWu
8WS, WhICh 8Ic CDulI8Iy lD lhDSc D SDCIcly, 8u0 Iu Ic8 hISlDIy Il IS uDl Duy Ic-
QIcSSIDu lh8l gIDWS Dul 8SD Ihc QDlculI8 DI Hcc0Dm, WhICh IS uu8uImDuS WIlh
lhc lIulh CDulcul D 8II. hc mcIIlS D 8 WDIX, IlS cVc D DIm, IlS IulcH8 CDu-
SlIuClIDu, lcu0 lD DcCDmc IcCDguIZ8Dc Duy 8S lhc m8lcII8 8gcS DI Whcu lhc Scu~
SDIIum DcCDmcS 0uc0 lD lhc mDSl SUIXIug c8luIcS D lhc WDIX. cclhDVcu CDu0
QIDD8Dy Dc hc8I0 8S 8 CDmQDScI Duy 8lcI lhc gcSluIc D Uc lIl8uIC ~hIS QIIm8Iy
ccCl W8S DulSUQQc0 Dy lhc CI8SScI ccClS D yDuugcI CDmQDScIS IXc cIIDZ.
hc SuQcIIDIIly D lhc gIc8l ImQIcSSIDuISlS DVcI L8uguIu DcC8mc cVI0cul Duy
8lcI hIS IuuDV8lIDuS h80 Q8c0 Iu lhc 8Cc D 8lcI 0cVcDQmculS. tDI Qu8Ily lD
uuD0 hISlDIIC8y, hDWcVcI, 0cQcu0S uDl ]uSl Du Il Dul Du Wh8l C8mc 8lcIW80,
8u0 Il SclS Iu IcIc Wh8l QIcCc0c0 Il, QcIh8QS SDmc Ic8lIDu IucS DlWccu Qu8Ily
8u0 lhc QIDCcSS D QcIIShIug. uhcIcul Iu m8uy 8IlWDIXS IS lhc DICc lD DIc8X
lhIDugh lhc SDCI8 D8IDcI lh8l lhcy cSl8DISh. hcIc8S 81X8S WIIlIugS VID8lc lhc
CDuSIDu D lhc uDVc Ic80cI Dy lhc cXQDSIVc cmQI1IC8 ImQDSSIDIIly D Wh8l IS
u8II8lc0, Il IS QIcCIScy Dy VIIluc D lhIS VID8lIDu lh8l lhcy DcCDmc uu0cISl8u08Dc
l TOWAKUATHLOKYOlTHLAKTWOKK
lD 8. h6 VI6W HmQ6l60 IB uBISDB Dj 6Sl6D6IS M0 bl8IBISlS D lh6 IBCDmQI6-
h6BSIDIIlj D mD06D 8Il DI Ih6 mDSl Q8 hD0S lIu6 06SCIIQlIV6j, Wh8l IS 8S6 IB
IhIS VI6W, hDW6V6I, IS lh8l lh6j II68l lhIS I6C6QlIDB 8S 8 DX60 6BlIlj 8B0 I_BDI6 lh6
IBl6IV6BlIDBS IB CDBSCIDuSB6SS D WhICh IBCDmQ8lID6 WDIKS 8I6 C8Q8D6. 1B
Ih6 80mIBISl6I60 WDI0, 8IlWDIKS 8I6 DBj 806Qu8l6j 8SSImI8l60 IB Ih6 DIH D
Ih6 CDHmuBIC8lIDB D U6 uBCDmmuBIC8D6, U6 DI6MIB_ UIDu_h D HIH60 CDB-
SCIDuSB6SS. DIKS IB WhICh lh6 86Slh6lIC DIm, uB06I QI6SSuI6 D Ih6 lIulh CDB-
l6Bl, H8BSC6B0S IlS6 DCCuQj lh6 QDSIlIDB Ih8l W8S DBC6 h60 Dj Ih6 CDBC6Ql D lh6
SuDIm6. B lh6m, SQIIIl 8B0 m8l6II8 QD8IIZ6 IB lh6 6DII lD uBIl6. h6II SQIIIl 6X-
Q6II6BC6S IlS6 8S S6BSu8j uBI6QI6S6Bl8D6, WhI6 DB Ih6 Dlh6I h8B0 Ih6II m8l6I-
I8, U8l lD WhICh Ih6j 8I6 DDuB0 6Xl6D8 lD U6II DDuB08Ij, 6XQ6II6BC6S IlS6 8S
III6CDBCI8D6 WIlh lh6 uBIIj D lh6 WDIK. 88S WIIlIB_S 8I6 BD mDI6 8IlWDIKS
Ih8B lh6j CDu0 6V6I h8V6 D66B I6I_IDuS 0DCum6BlS. h6 m8l6II8~8CCDI0IB_
lD 6B]8mIB, lh6 8B_u8_6 IB Q8IlICu8I~D6CDm6S 06SD8l6, Sl8IKj CDBSQICuDuS,
SQIIIl IS ImDu60 WIIh lh6 Qu8Ilj D 8 S6CDB0-DI06I 8DSH8ClB6SS. 8Bl S 0DCIIIB6
D lh6 66IB_ D lh6 SuDIm6 8 lh6 mDI6 06SCIID6S 8B 8II Ih8l Shu006IS IBW8I0j
Dj SuSQ6B0IB_ IlS6 IB lh6 B8m6 D 8B IuSIDB6SS HIh CDBl6Bl, lhDu_h WIlhDul,
8S 8, 0IV6SlIB_ IlS6 D IlS S6mD8BC6 Ch8I8Cl6I. h6 6BI_hl6Bm6Bl CDBC6Ql D
B8luH CDBHIDul60 lD lh6 IBV8SIDB D U6 SuDIm6 IBlD 8. PDB_ WIIh lh6 CIIlIQu6
D lh6 8DSDulISl WDI0 D DImS lh8l m806 B8luI6 l8DDD 8S mDBSIIDuS, DDDIISh, 8B0
Q6D6I8B~8 CIIlIQu6 lh8l W8S IlS6 Q8D D lD6 _6B6I8 CuluI8-hISlDIIC8 mDV6-
m6Bl D lD6 8l6 6I_hl66Blh C6BluIj~8DISlIC QI8ClIC6 W8S Q6B6lI8l60 Dj lh8l WhICh
8Bl h80 I6S6IV60 DI B8luI6 8S SuDIm6 8B0 WhICh C8m6 IBCI68SIB_j IBlD CDBHICl
WIU lu8l6. h6 uB!688hIB_ D lh6 6!6m6Blu W8S DB6 WU lh6 6m8BCIQ8lIDB D lh6
SuD]6Cl 8B0 lhuS WIlh lh6 S6-CDBSCIDuSB6SS D SQIIIl. hIS S6-CDBSCIDuSB6SS
SQIIIlu8IZ60 8II 8S B8luI6. PIIS SQIIIl IS lh6 S6-I6CD_BIlIDB D SQIIIl IlS6 8S B8l-
uI8. h6 mDI6 8Il IBl6_I8l6S IBlD IlS6 Wh8l IS BDBI06BlIC8, Wh8l IS ImH60I8l6j
DQQDS60 lD SQIIIl, lh6 mDI6 Il muSl SQIIIIu8IZ6 IlS6. LDBV6IS6j, SQIIIlu8IZ8lIDB
DI IlS Q8Il IBHD0uC60 IBlD 8D Wh8l IS S6BSu8j 0ISQ68SIB_ 8B0 I6Qu_B8Bl 8B0
Wh8l h80 QI6VIDuSj D66B l8DDD DI 8II, U6 S6BSu8j uBQ68S8Bl h8S 8B 8DBIlj
WIlh SQIIIl. h6 6m8BCIQ8lIDB D lh6 SuD]6Cl IB 8Il IS Ih6 6m8BCIQ8lIDB D 8IIS DWB
8ulDBDmj, I 8Il IS 660 IDm CDBSI06I8UDB D IlS I6CIQI6Bl, IlS S6BSu8 8C806
D6CDm6S IBCI68SIB_j 8 m8ll6I D IB0I6I6BC6. h6 8C806 IS II8BSDIm60 IBlD 8
uBClIDB D lh6 CDBl6Bl, WhICh 06DV6S IlS DIC6 Dm Wh8l IS BDl SDCI8j 8QQIDV60
M0 QI6mI8B_60. PII IS SQIIIlu8IZ60 BDl Dj lh6 I068S Il 8DImS Dul lhIDu_h Ih6 66-
m6Bl8 ~Ih6 IBl6BlIDB6SS~lh8l IS 8D6 lD I6C6IV6 lh6 SQIIIl IB IlS6, Ih6 0I86ClIC
D lh6 66m6Bl8 8B0 SQIIIl IS lh6 lIulh CDBl6Bl. P6Slh6lIC SQIIIlu8IIj h8S 8W8jS
D66B mDI6 CDmQ8lID6 WIlh lh6]0Rvc, lh6 S8V8_6, lD8B WIlh Wh8l h8S 8I680j D66B
8QQIDQII8l60 Dj CuluI6. bQIIIlu8IZ60, lh6 8IlWDIK D6CDm6S IB IlS6 Wh8l W8S QI6-
VIDuSj 8lHIDul60 lD Il 8S IlS C8lhMIIC 66Cl DB 8BDU6I SQIIIl. Ih6 SuDIm8lIDB D
B8luI6. h6 SuDIm6, WhICh 8Bl I6S6IV60 6XCuSIV6j DI B8luI6, 8l6I D6C8m6 Ih6
hISlDIIC8 CDBSIIlu6Bl D 8Il IlS6. h6 SuDIm6 0I8WS lh6 06m8IC8lIDB IB6 D6-
1OWAKDA1HLOKYOIAK1WOKK . lT
lWccu 8Il 8u0 Wh8l W8S 8lcI C8c0 8IlS 8u0 CI8S. 8ul CDVcIlj CDuSI0cIc0 8Il lD
Dc 8 ScIV8ul. P DcCDmcS hum8u Iu lhc IuSl8ul Iu WhICh Il lcImIu8lcS lhIS ScIVICc.
lS hum8uIlj IS IuCDmQ8lIDc WIlh 8uj I0cDDgj D ScIVICc lD hum8uXIu0. 1l IS
Dj8 lD hum8uIlj Duj lhIDugh Iuhum8uIlj lDW8I0 Il.
j IlS lI8uSQ8ul8lIDu IulD 8Il lhc 8ulI8u 0cDuIlIDu D lhc SuDImc IS 0IIVcu Dc-
jDu0 IlS DDuu08IIcS. PCCDI0Iug lD lhIS 0cDuIlIDu, SQIIIl, Iu IlS cmQIIIC8 QDWcI-
cSSucSS VIS-8-VIS u8luIc, cXQcIIcuCcS IlS IulcIgIDc cSScuCc 8S Duc lh8l IS SuQcIIDI
lD u8luH. MDWcVcI, gIVcu U8l lhc SuDImc IS SuQQDSc0 lD Dc cl Iu lhc 8Cc D
u8luIc, Uc lcDIj D SuD]cClIVc CDuSlIlulIDu ImQIcS lh8l u8luIc IlSc IS SuDImc,
ScIcDcClIDu Iu lhc 8Cc D IlS SuDImIlj 8ulICIQ8lcS SDmclhIug D 8 IcCDuCII8lIDu
WIlh u8luIc. 8luIc, uD DugcI DQQIcSSc0 Dj SQIIIl, IccS IlSc IDm lhc mIScI8Dc
ucXuS D I8uX ScCDu0 u8luIc 8u0 SuD]cClIVc SDVcHIgulj. buCh cm8uCIQ8lIDu
WDu0 Dc lhc Ic0 D u8luIc, 8u0 Il lhc CDuulcIIm8gc D mcIc cXISlcuCc ~IS lhc
SuDImc. hDugh lhc lI8IlS D 0DmIu8lIDu cVI0cul Iu IlS 0ImcuSIDuS D QDWcI 8u0
m8guIlu0c, lhc SuDImc SQc8XS 8g8IuSl 0DmIu8lIDu. hIS IS lDuChc0 Du Dj bChIcIS
0IClum lh8l lhc hum8u DcIug IS Duj Hj hum8u Whcu 8l Q8j, WIlh lhc CDuSum-
m8lIDu D hIS SDVcIcIgulj hc c8VcS DchIu0 lhc SQc D SDVcIcIguljS 8Im. Jhc mDIc
cmQIIIC8 Ic8Ilj hcImclIC8j cXCu0cS lhIS cVcul, lhc mDIc 8Il CDuU8ClS IulD lc
ccHcul D lhc SuDImc, Iu 8 SuDlc W8j, 8lcI lhc 8 D DIm8 Dc8ulj, lhc SuDImc
W8S lhc Duj 8cSlclIC I0c8 c lD mD0cDISm. LVcu lc huDIIS D 8Il 8S 8 IcIgIDu,
Uc Sc-cX8l8lIDu D 8Il 8S lhc 8DSDulc, h8S IlS lIulh CDulcul Iu lhc 8cIgj 8g8IuSl
Wh8l IS uDl SuDImc Iu M, 8g8IuSl lh8l Q8j l8l IS S8lISDc0 WIlh lc SDVcIcIgulj D
SQIIIl. h8l IcIXcg88I0 SuD]cCHVISlIC8j lcImS 8cSlclIC ScIIDuSucSS, lc hcII-
l8gc D lhc SuDImc, IS lhc IcVcIS8 D WDIXS IulD Wh8l IS lIuc Dj VIIluc D lhcII CDu-
lcul. c 8SCcu08uCj D lhc SuDImc IS Duc WIl 8IlS CDmQuSIDu lh8l Hu08mcul8
CDulI80IClIDuS uDl Dc CDVcIc0 uQ Dul Dughl lhIDugh Iu lhcmScVcS, IcCDuCII8lIDu
DI lhcm IS uDl lc IcSul D lc CDuDICl Dul cXCuSIVcj lh8l Uc CDuDICl DcCDmcS
cDQucul. JhuS, hDWcVcI, lhc SuDImc DcCDmcS 8lcul. P lh8l IS CDmQcc0 lD-
W8I0 8 Uul CDulcul lh8l IS lhc DCuS D uu8IDIlI8lc0 CDulI80IClIDuS IS uDl C8Q8Dc
D lhc QDSIlIVIlj D ucg8lIDu lh8l 8uIm8lc0 lhc U80IlIDu8 CDuCcQl D lhc SuDImc 8S
lhc QIcScuCc D lhc IuDuIlc. hIS CDDcSQDu0S lD lhc 0cCIuc D lhc C8lcgDIIcS D
Q8j. LVcu Iu lhc uIuclcculh CculuIj 8 8mDuS C8SSICISl lhcDIj 0cDuc0 muSIC, Iu
DQQDSIlIDu lD 8gucI, 8S lhc Q8j D SDuu0Iug, mDVIug DImS, lhc SImI8IIlj D lc
QIDCcSS D muSIC8 cVculS WIlh lhc DQlIC8 Q8llcDS D lhc K8cI0DSCDQc, 8 DIDD0Iug
Ic0cImcIcI IuVculIDu, W8S IcQuculj uu0cISCDIc0. hIS SImI8IIlj ucc0 uDl Dc
0cuIc0 Dul D lc 0cSIIc lD hD0 CuluIc QuIc. hc CD8QSIug CDuSlc8lIDuS D Sjm-
QhDuIC muSIC, 8S Iu N8hcIS WDIXS, h8Vc lhcII lIuc 8u8Dguc Iu lhc X8cI0DSCDQIC
Q8llcDS Iu WhICh 8 ScIIcS D SIghlj V8IjIug Im8gcS CD8QScS 8u0 8 Qu8Il8lIVcj
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lhc l8I_clc0 8uX Q8S 8Clu8y 08uSQIIcS WIlhIu lhc COuCcQl O lhc SuDImc IlSc.
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Iu DVCIQDWCIIug gIM0CuI 8u0 SCllIug uQ lhC MlIlhCSIS D QDWCI 8u0 QDWCICSS-
uCSS, 8ul 0IHClj 8DIHC0 hIS uuQuCSlIDuIug CDHQICIlj WIlh 0DHIu8lIDu. P
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hC 0CDuC0 lhC CDuCCQl D lhC SuDIHC Dj lhC ICSISl8uCC D SQIIl lD lDC DVCIQDWCI-
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lh8l Il W8S hIS SuD]cClIVc QIO0uCl M0 Iu 8 ScuSc c mulc 8lcI hIm, Uc QIOCcSS Iu
WhICh hc QIOuCc0 Il W8S OD]cCUVcj 0clcImIuc0. lhc ]cllISOuIug O Wh8l W8S Iu0I-
mcul8Ij 8u0 IuSuBCIculj QcIcClc0. h8l hc 8ChIcVc0 0IcW lhc COuScQucuCcS
HOm Wh8l 8W8Ilc0 8u0 W8S ucc0c0 jcl SlI IuCOhcIcul Iu lhc O0cI cunzcnu8u0
ricercure. hc gcuIcS 8Ic uO cSS 0I8cClIC8 lh8u lhc Q8IlICu8I. PlhOugh lhcj
OIIgIu8lc0 hISlOIIC8j 8u0 8Ic lI8uSIcul, lhcj 0O 8 lhc S8mc h8Vc SOmclhIug Iu
COmmOu WIlh t8lOuIC I0c8S. hc mOIc 8ulhculIC lhc WOIKS, lhc mOIc lhcj OOW
Wh8l IS OD]cClIVcj IcQuIIc0, lhc OD]cClS COuSISlcuCj, 8u0 lhIS IS 8W8jS uuIVcIS8.

0
. UNVLK5ALANDPAK1ILULAK
hc QOWcI O lhc SuD]cCl IcSI0cS Iu IlS mclhcXIS Iu lhc uuIVcIS8 , uOl Iu lhc SuD-
]cClS SImQlc Scl-8uuOuuCcmcul. hc OImS hOl0 SW8j OVcI lhc SuD]cCl uQ lO lh8l
mOmcul Whcu lhc COhcIcuCc O lhc WOIKS uO lOugcI COIuCI0cS WIlh lhc ODS.
hcj 8Ic cXQO0c0 Dj lhc SuD]cCl OI lhc S8Kc O COhcIcuCc, WhICh IS 8 m8llcI O
OD]cClIVIlj. hc Iu0IVI0u8l WOIK 0OcS uOl 0O ]uSlICc lO lhc gcuIcS Dj SuDSumIug
IlScl lO lhcm Dul I8lhcI lhIOugh lhc COuDICl Iu WhICh Il lOug cgIlIm8lc0 lhcm,
lhcu cugcu0cIc0 lhcm, 8u0 ulIm8lclj C8uCcc0 lhcm. hc mOIc SQcCIDC lhc WOIK,
lhc mOIc lIulj Il ulDS IlS ljQc. hc 0I8lcClIC8l QOSlul8lc lD8l lhc QuIlICu8I IS lhc
uuIVcIS8 h8S IlS mO0cl Iu uIl. hIS W8S DISl IcCOguIZc0 8u0 8Ic80j 0cHSc0 Iu
h8ul. IOm lhc QcISQcClIVc O lclcOlOgj, Ic8SOu uuClIOuS Iu 8cSlhclICS 8S lOl8,
I0culIlj-QOSIlIug Ic8SOu. lScl QuIclj 8 QIO0uCl, Iu h8ulS lcImS lhc 8IlWOIK ullI-
m8lcj KuOWS uOlhIug O lhc uOuI0culIC8l . 1lS QuIQOSculucSS, WhICh lI8uSCcu0cu-
l8l QhIlOSOQhj Icu0cIS l8DOO Iu 0ISCuISIVc KuOWc0gc Dj m8KIug Il Iu8CCcSSIDc
lO lhc SuD]cCl, DcCOmcS m8uIQu8Dc Iu 8Il. hc uuIVcIS8Ilj Iu lhc QmlICu8I IS
0cSCIIDc0 VIIlu8lj 8S QIccSl8DIShc0, lhc COuCcQl O gcuIuS muSl uuClIOu lO gu8I-
8ulcc Il, lDOugh lhIS IS ucVcI m80c cXQlICIl. u lhc SImQcSl ScuSc O lhc WOI0, Iu-
0IVI0u8lIOu 0ISl8uCcS 8Il IOm lhc uuIVcIS8. h8l 8Il muSl /cndperda DcCOmc
Iu0IVI0u8lc0 m8KcS IlS uuIVcIS8Ilj QIODcm8lIC, h8ul W8S 8W8Ic O lDIS. 8Il IS
SuQQOSc0 WhOc 8u0 uuH8gmculc0, Il IS DOuu0 IOm lhc OulScl lO 8I, I Il IS ]cllI-
SOuc0 Iu OI0cI lO Dc WOu, lhcIc IS uO gu8I8ulcc lh8l Il WI IcluH, Il IS OSl IuSO8I
8S lhc Iu0IVI0u8lc0 0OcS uOl Ou IlS OWu, WIlhOul 8uj 0cuS cX m8ChIu8, gO OVcI IulO
lDc uuIVcIS8. hc SOlc Q8lh O SuCCcSS lh8l Icm8IuS OQcu lO 8IlWOIKS IS 8lSO lh8l O
lhcII QIOgIcSSIVc ImQOSSIDIlIlj. IcCOuISc lO lhc QIcgIVcu uuIVcIS8Ilj O gcuIcS
h8S Oug Dccu O uO 8V8Il, lhc I80IC8lj QMICuuI WOIK VcI_cS Ou COulIu_cuCj 8u0
8DSOulc Iu0IcIcuCc, 8u0 uO IulcImc0I8Ij QIOVI0cS OI COmQIOmISc.
u 8ulIQuIlj, lhc OulOlOgIC8l VIcW O 8Il, Ou WhICh gcuIc 8cSlDclICS IS D8Sc0, W8S
QuIl O 8cSlDclIC QI8gm8lISm Iu 8 8ShIOu lh8l IS uOW SC8ICcj Im8gIu8D!c. PS IS
Wcl KuOWu, 8lO S 8SScSSmcul O 8Il ShIHc0 8CCOI0Iug lO hIS cSlIm8lIOu O IlS
QIcSumQlIVc QOIlIC8 uScuucSS. PIISlOlcS 8cSlhclICS ICm8Iuc0 8u 8cSlhclICS O
ccCl, lhOugh CcIl8Iulj mOIc cuIghlcuc0 Iu lhc DOuIgcOIS ScuSc 8u0 hum8uIZc0
IuSO8I 8S Il SOughl lhc cDcCl O 8Il Iu lhc 8cClS O Iu0IVI0u8lS, Iu 8CCOI0 WIlh
MclcuISlIC lcu0cuCIcS lOW8I0 QIIV8lIZ8lIOu. hc cDcClS QOSlu8lc0 Dj DOlh QhI-
lOSOQhcIS m8j 8lIc80j Iu lhcII OWu lImc h8Vc DcCOmc DClIVc. blIl, lhc 8lI8uCc O
gcuIc 8cSlhclICS 8u0 QI8gm8lISm IS uOl SO 8DSuI0 8S Il m8j 8l DISl Sccm. L8Ij Ou,
lhc COuVculIOu8lISm 8lcul Iu 8l OulOOgj 8CCOmmO08lc0 IlSc lO QI8gm8lISm 8S
lhc uuIVcIS8l 0clcImIu8lIOu O cu0S, lhc principiamindividauticnisIS OQQOSc0 uOl
Oulj lO gcuIcS Dul lO 8uj SuDSumQlIOu Dj lhc QIcV8IlIug QI8XIS. mmcISIOu Iu lDc
Iu0IVI0u8l WOIK, WhICh IS COulI8Ij lO gcuIcS, lc80S lO 8u 8W8IcucSS O lh8l WOIK S
Imm8ucul 8WulucSS. hc WOIKS DcCOmc mOu80S 8u0 8Ic lhuS WIlh0I8Wu IOm
8uj 0ISCIQIu8Ij ccCl lhcj COul0 cXcICISc cXlcH8lj. lhc 0ISCIQlIuc cXcIlc0 OI
DullIcSSc0 Dj mlWOIKS DcCOmcS lhcII OWu 8WuucSS, lhcj OIcIl lhcII CIu0cj
8ulhOIIluII8u Ch8I8ClcI VIS-3-VIS hum8u DcIugS. PulhOIIl8II8u 8llIlu0cS 8u0 IuSIS-
UNIVLK5AlANDPAK1ILUlAK . 203
lcuCc Ou OQlIm8lj QuIc 8ud uu8dulcIcd gcuIcS 8Ic COmQ8lIDc, lO 8ulDOIIl8II8u
lDIBKIug, uuIcgImculcd COuCIclIOu 8QQc8IS dcDcd 8ud ImQuIc, lDc lDcOIj O Dc
Aathcrituriun Ferscnu/iq uOlcd lDIS 8S intc/emncec/umbiaiq, 8ud Il IS uumIS
l8K8Dlc Iu 8l DIcI8ICDIC8l 8Il 8ud SOCIclj. O Dc SuIc, WDclDcI lDc COuCcQl O
QI8gm8lISm C8B WIUOul dISlOIlIOu Dc 8QQIcd lO 8ulIQuIlj IS 8u OQcu QucSlIOu. PS
8 dOClIIuc O lDc mc8SuI8DIIlj O IulcllcClu8 WOIKS Iu lcImS O lDcII Ic8 ccCl,
QI8gm8lISm QIcSuQQOScS 8 DIc8K DclWccu IuucI 8ud OulcI, DclWccu lDc IudIVIdu8l
8ud COcClIVIlj, lD8l W8S Ouj DcgIuuIug lO l8Kc SD8Qc Iu 8ulIQuIlj, WDcIc Il ucVcI
8ll8Iucd lDc COmQclcucSS Il 8CDIcVcd Iu lDc DOuIgcOIS WOIld, COcClIVc uOImS dId
uOl D8Vc 8ujlDIug 8QQIO8CDIug lDc S8mc Sl8luS lDcj D8Vc Iu mOdcD SOCIclj. 3cl
lOd8j lDc lcmQl8lIOu lO OVcIcmQD8SIZc lDc dIVcIgcuCcS DclWccu CDIOuOlOgIC8lj
IcmOlc lDcOIcmS, WIlDOul DcIug COuCcDcd WIlD lDc IuV8D8uCc O lDcII IcQIcSSIVc
lI8IlS, SccmS 8g8Iu lO D8Vc IuCIc8Scd. Dc COmQlICIlj O l8lO S ]udgmculS Ou 8Il
WIlD lDcSc IcQIcSSIVc clcmculS IS SO ODVIOuS lD8l OulOlOgIC8l enttementIS uccdcd
lO cXQ8Iu Il 8W8j WIlD lDc QIOlcSl8lIOu lD8l D8CK lDcu Il 8ll mc8ul SOmclDIug COm
Qclclj dIcIcul.
PdV8BCIug QDIOSOQDIC8l uOmIu8ISm lIQuId8lcd lDc uuIVcIS8S Oug DcOIc lDc
gcuIcS 8Bd lDc Cl8ImS lDcj m8dc IcVc8cd lDcmScVcS lO Il 8S QOSIlcd 8ud I8gIc
COuVculIOuS, 8S dc8d 8Bd OImu8IC. LcBIc 8cSlDclICS 8SScIlcd IlScl cVcu Iu lDc
8gc O uOmIu8lISm, IIgDl lDIOugD LcIm8u Idc8lISm, 8ud lDIS W8S QIOD8Dj uOl
Oulj lD8BKS lO PIISlOllcS 8ulDOIIlj. Dc Idc8 O 8Il 8S 8B III8lIOu8l IcScIVc, lO
WDICD cVcIjlDIug IS Iclcg8lcd lD8l dOcS uOl Dl IulO SCIculISm, m8j 8lSO D8Vc D8d 8
Q8Il Iu lDIS 8u8CDIOuISm, lDcIc IS cVcu DcUcI H8SOu lO SuQQOSc lD8l Il W8S Ouj
WIlD lDc DcQ O gcuIc COuCcQlS lD8l lDcOIclIC8l IccClIOu DcIcVcd Il COud 8VOId
8cSlDclIC Icl8lIVISm, WDICD lO uudI8cClIC8 OQIuIOu IS DOuud uQ WIlD I8dIC8l Iu-
dIVIdu8lIOu. Dc COuVculIOuS lDcmScVcS DcCOmc culICIugQrD daQmrslO
lDc cXlcul lD8l lDcj WcIc IcudcIcd QOWcIcSS. Dcj 8QQcI 8S 8HcIIm8gcS O 8u
8ulDculICIlj O WDICD Ml dcSQ8IIS WIlDOul m8KIug lDcm ODIg8lOIj, lD8l lDcj C8u-
uOl Dc l8Kcu ScIIOuSlj DcCOmcS 8 SuDOg8lc OI 8u uu8CDIcV8Dlc mcIIImcul, Iu lD8l
mcIIImcul, SO WIlIugj CIlcd, lDc V8uISDIug clcmcul O 8cSlDclIC Q8j SccKS Icugc.
M8VIug DcCOmc uuClIOucSS, lDc COuVculIOuS ScIVc 8S m8SKS. 3cl lDcSc COuul
8mOug IlS 8uCcSlOIS, Iu Uc IIgIdIDC8lIOu lD8l m8KcS Il 8 WOIK Iu lDc DISl Ql8Cc,
8l 8Il IS IcmIuISCcul O m8SKS. _uOlcd 8ud dISlOIlcd COuVculIOuS 8Ic Q8Il O cu-
IgDlcumcul Iu lD8l lDcj 8DSOlVc lDc m8gIC m8SKS Dj IcC8QID8lIug lDcm Iu Ql8j,
lDOugD lDcj 8Ic 8lmOSl 8lW8jS IuCIucd lO cSl8DISD lDcmScVcS QOSIlIVcj 8ud lO
DcCOmc IulcgI8lcd IulO 8Il 8S 8 OICc O IcQIcSSIOu. u 8uj C8Sc, COuVculIOuS 8ud
gcuIcS dId uOl ]uSl Sl8ud Iu lDc ScIVIQ O SOCIclj, m8Bj, DOWcVcI, SuCD 8S lDc
lOQOS O lDc m8Id-luDcd-m8SlcI, WcIc 8lIc8dj 8 DluBlcd OIm O IcDcIOu. PS 8
WDOlc, lDc dISl8uCc O Il HOm lDc CIudclj cmQIIIC8l Iu WDICD IlS 8ulOuOmj dcVcl-
OQcd WOud ucVcI D8Vc Dccu 8CDIcVcd D8d Il uOl Dccu OI COuVculIOuS, QIOD8Dlj
uO Ouc cVcI mISlOOK lDc COmmcdI8 dcl 8Ilc u8luI8ISlIC8lj. lDIS OIm O lDc8lcI
W8S Oulj 8Dlc lO lDIIVc Iu WD8l W8S SlIl 8 COScd SOCIclj, lDIS SOCIclj QIOVIdcd lDc
20

| UNlVLK5ALANDPAK1ILULAK
QIcCDu0IlIDuS DI 8II lD CDmc IulD cXISlcuCc lhIDugh 8u DQQDSIlIDu Iu WhICh IlS
SDCI8 DQQDSIlIDu W8S CD8Kc0. IclZSChc S 0ccuSc D CDuVculIDuS, WhICh DIIgI-
u8lc0 Iu uuIcculIug DQQDSIlIDu lD lhc 0cVcDQmcul D uDmIu8ISm 8S Wc 8S Iu
IcScuUcul lDW8I0 QIDgIcSS Iu lhc 8cSlhclIC 0DmIu8lIDu D m8lcII8, IIugS 8Sc
DcC8uSc hc mISIulcIQIclc0 CDuVculIDuS IlcI8, 8S 8gIccmculS 8IDIlI8II cSl8D-
IShc0 8u0 cXISlIug 8l lhc mcIC D VDIlIDu. cC8uSc hc DVcIDDKc0 lhc Sc0I-
mculc0 SDCI8 CDmQuSIDu Iu CDuVculIDuS 8u0 8llIIDulc0 lhcm lD QuIc Q8, hc W8S
cgu8 8Dc lD UIVI8IZc DI 0ccu0 lhcm WIlh lhc gcSluIc D cCISc hIS IS
Wh8l DIDughl hIS gcuIuS, WhICh W8S SuQcIIDI Iu IlS 0IHcIculI8lIDu lD lh8l D 8 hIS
CDulcmQDI8IIcS, uu0cI lhc IuDucuCc D 8cSlhclIC Ic8ClIDu, ulIm8lc hc W8S uD
DugcI 8Dc lD 0ISlIuguISh cVcS D DIm. hc QDSlu8lc D lhc Q8IlICu8I h8S lhc
ucg8lIVc 8SQcCl D ScIVIug lhc Ic0uClIDu D 8cSUcDC 0ISl8uCc 8u0 lhcIcD ]DIuIug
DICcS WIlh Ihc Sl8IuS guD, Wh8l IS IcQuSIVc Iu IlS Vug8IIl 0DcS uDl SImQ 08m-
8gc lhc SDCI8 hIcI8ICh Dul ScIVcS lD CDmQIDmISc 8Il WIlh 8Il-8Icu D8ID8IISm.
DcCDmIug lhc DIm8 8WS D 8IIWDIKS, CDuVculIDuS IuW8I0 ShDIc0 uQ WDIKS 8u0
m80c lhcm IcSISl8ul lD !hc ImIl8lIDu D cXlcD8 Ic. LDuVculIDuS CDul8Iu 8u
ccmcul lh8l IS cXlcD8 8u0 hclcIDgcuDuS lD lhc SuD]cCl, IcmIu0Iug Il D IlS DWu
DDuu08IIcS 8u0 lhc IucH8DIIl D IlS DWu 8CCI0cul8ucSS. Jhc SUDugcI !hc SuD]cCl
DcCDmcS 8u0, CDmQcmcul8II, lhc mDIc lhc SDCI8 C8lcgDIIcS D DI0cI 8u0 lhc
SQIIIlu8 C8lcgDIIcS 0cIIVc0 HDm lhcSc SDCI8 C8lcgDIIcS Wc8Kcu, lhc cSS Il IS QDS-
SIDc lD IcCDuCIc lhc SuD]cCl 8u0 CDuVculIDuS. hc IuCIc8SIug DSSuIc DclWccu
IuucI 8u0 DulcI c80S lD lhc CD8QSc D CDuVculIDuS. lhc H8gmculc0 SuD]cCl lhcu
cc QDSIlS CDuVcu!IDuS, lhc CDulI80IClIDu 0cgI80cS lhcm lD DcIug mcIc 80mIuIS-
lCtCd CVCnl8: PS lhC tC8ul O ChOCC OI dCCICC lhc m lO QICVI0c Wh8l lhc SuD]cC!
cXQcClc0 IDm lhcm. h8l 8lcI 8QQc8Ic0 Iu 8IlWDIKS 8S lhc SQcCIDC, uuIguc, 8u0
uDuSuDSlIlul8Dc gu8Il D c8Ch Iu0IVI0u8 WDIK 8u0 DcC8mc ImQDIl8ul 8S SuCh
W8S 8 0cVI8lIDu IDm lhc gcuIc lh8l h80 Ic8Chc0 8 QDIul WhcIc Il luDc0 IulD 8 ucW
gu8Il, Duc mc0I8lc0 D lhc gcuIc. h8l uuIVcIS8 ccmculS 8Ic IIIcVDC8D Q8II
D 8II 8l lhc S8mc lImc lh8l 8I! DQQDScS lhcm, IS lD Dc uu0cISlDD0 Iu lcImS D 8IlS
IKcucSS lD 8ugu8gc. DI 8ugu8gc IS hDSlIc lD lhc Q8!lICu8! M0 ucVcIlhccSS
SccKS IlS IcSCuc. L8ugu8gc mc0I8lcS lhc Q8IlICu8I lhIDugh uuIVcIS8Il 8u0 Iu
lhc CDuSlc8lIDu D lhc uuIVcIS8, Dul Il 0DcS ]uSlICc lD IlS DWu uuIVcIS8S Du
Whcu lhc 8Ic uDl uSc0 IIgI0 Iu 8CCDI0 WIlh lhc ScmD8uCc D lhcII 8ulDuDm Dul
I8lhcI CDuCcuU8lc0 lD lhc cXlIcmc Du Wh8l IS SQcCIDC8 lD Dc cXQIcSSc0.
hc uuIVcIS8S D 8ugu8gc IcCcIVc lhcII Uulh CDulcul D W8 D 8 QIDCcSS lh8l
CDuulcIV8IS lhcm. LVcI S8ul8I ccCl D Mgu8gc, Iu0cc0 c8Ch lh8l IS uDl
cSSculI8 0cSlIuClIVc, 0cQcu0S Du IlS |lhc WDI0S, 8ugu8gcS) ScCIcl. u hDWcVcI
m8u DImS 8ugu8gc m8 QIDVc lD Dc ccClIVc, Il IS uDl lhIDugh lhc mc0I8lIDu D
CDulculS [Inhu/ten] Dul UIDugh Uc QuIcSl 0ISCDSuIc D IlS 0IguIl 8u0 cSScuCc.
Pu0 I QIcSCIu0 IDm DlhcI DImS D cD C8C SuCh 8S QDclI 8u0 QIDQhcC Il
8QQc8IS lD mc lh8l lhc CISl8-QuIc cImIu8lIDu D lhc uuullcI8Dc Dm 8ugu8gc IS
lhc gIVcu 8u0 mDSl 8CCcSSIDc DIm DI uS lD 8Cl WIlhIu, 8u0 lD lhIS cXlcul lhIDugh,
UNVLK5ALAUPAKTLULAK . 205
8u_u8_c. hIS cImIu8lIOu O Ihc uuuUcI8Dc SccmS lO mc lO COuVcI_c QIcCIScj
WIIh 8 QIOQcIj OD]cClIVc, uuClIOu8 Sljc 8u0 lO Iu0IC8lc Uc Ic8lIOu DclWccu
KuOWc0_c 8u0 8ClIOu WIlhIu lhc Iu_uISlIC m8_IC. Nj COuCcQl O OD]cClIVc 8u0 8l
lhc S8mc IImc hI_hj QOIIIC8 Sljc 8u0 WIIlIu_ IS lhIS. lO OCuS Ou Wh8l IS 0cuIc0
lO lhc WOI0, Ouj WhcIc lhIS SQhcIc O Ihc WOI0cSS 0ISCOScS IlSc WIlh uuulIcI-
8Dj QuIc OICc C8u 8 m8_IC8 SQ8IK SQIIu_ DclWccu WOI0 8u0 0ju8mIC 8Cl, uuIj-
Iu_ lhcm. Luj Ihc IulcuSIVc 8ImIu_ O WOI0S lOW8I0 lhc uuCcuS O lhc IuucImOSl
mulcucSS C8u Dc ccClIVc. 1 0O uOl DcIcVc lh8l lhc WOI0 8l 8uj QOIul SI8u0S 8l 8
_Ic8lcI IcmOVc HOm Ihc 0IVIuc lh8u 0OcS `_cuuIuc 8ClIOu, lD8l IS, I Il IS OUcI-
WISc uu8Dc lO c80 lO lhc 0IVIuc cXCcQl Dj IlS OWu Sc m0 IlS OWu QuIIlj. 8Kcu
8S 8 mc8uS Il DcCOmcS 8 ImK u8luI8 _IOWlD. h8l cu]8mIu C8S lhc cImIu8-
lIOu O Ihc uuullcI8Dc IS uO mO U8u Uc COuCcuU8lIOu O 8u_u8_c Ou lDc Q8IlIC-
u8I, lhc IcHS8 lO cSI8DISh IlS uuIVcIS8S 8S mcl8QhjSIC8 IIulh. hc 0I8cClIC8
lcuSIOu DlWccu cu]8mIu S cXUcmcj OD]cClIVISlIC 8u0 8CCOI0Iu_j uuIVcIS8-
ISlIC mcl8QhjSICS O 8u_u8_c 8u0 8 OImu8lIOu lh8l 8_IccS 8mOSl IlcI8j WIlh
Ill_cuSlcIu S 8mOuS m8XIm ~WDICh W8S, IuCI0cul8j, QuDIShc0 DVc jc8IS 8lcI
cu]8mIuS cllcI 8u0 lhuS uuKuOWu lO hIm~m8j D lI8uSQOSc0 lO 8Il, WIlh lhc
80mIIlc0j 0cCISIVc QIOVISO U8l Uc OulOO_IC8 8SCclICISm O 8u_u8_c IS lhc Ouj
W8j lO S8j lhc uuuIlcI8Dc. 1u 8Il, uuIVcIS8S 8Ic SUOu_cSl WhcIc 8II mOSl COScj
8QQIO8ChcS 8u_u8_c. lh8l IS, Whcu SOmclhIu_ SQc8KS, lh8l, Dj SQc8KIu_, _OcS Dc-
jOu0 lhc hcIc 8u0 uOW. P SuCCcc0S 8l SuCh lI8uSCcu0cuCc, hOWcVcI, Ouj Dj
VIIluc O IlS lcu0cuCj lOW8I0 I80IC8 Q8IlICu8IIZ8lIOu, lh8l IS, Ouj Iu lh8l Il S8jS
uOlhIu_ Dul Wh8l Il S8jS Dj VIIluc O IlS OWu c8DOI8lIOu, lhIOu_h IlS Imm8ucul
QIOCcSS. hc ccmcul lh8l Iu 8II IcScmDcS 8u_u8_c IS 1lS mImclIC ccmcul, Il Ouj
DcCOmcS uuIVcIS8j cOQucul Iu lhc SQcCIDC ImQuSc, Dj IlS OQQOSIlIOu lO lhc uuI-
VcIS8. hc Q8I80OX lh8l 8II S8jS Il 8u0 8l lhc S8mc lIHc 0OcS uOl S8j Il, IS DcC8uSc
lhc mImclIC ccmcul Dy WhICh Il S8yS Il, lhc OQ8Quc 8u0 Q8IlICuM, 8l lhc S8mc
lImc IcSISlS SQc8KIu_.
hcu COuVculIOuS 8Ic Iu 8u cVcI uuSl8Dc cQuIIDIIum WIlh lhc SuD]cCl lhcj 8Ic
C8c0 SljcS. hc COuCcQl O Sljc IccIS 8S muCh lO Ihc IuCuSIVc ccmcul lhIOu_h
WhICh 8Il DcCOmcS 8u_u8_cOI Sljc IS lDc QuIulcSScuCc O 8 8u_u8_c Iu 8Il-
8S lO 8 COuSUmuIu_ ccmcul lD8l W8S SOmchOW COmQ8lIDc WIlh Q8IlICuMIZ8lIOu.
hc SIjcS 0cScIVc0 lhcII muCh DcmO8uc0 CO8QSc 8S SOOu lDIS Qc8Cc DcC8mc
IcCO_uIZc0 8S 8u IuSIOu. h8l IS lO Dc 8mculc0 IS uOl lh8l 8Il IcuOuuCc0 SljcS
Dul I8lhcI lh8l 8Il, uu0cI lhc SQc O IlS 8ulhOIIlj, cI_uc0 SljcS, UIS IS lhc OII_Iu
O 8 8CK O Sljc Iu lhc uIuclcculh CculuIj. LD]cClIVcj, mOuDIu_ OVcI lhc OSS
O Sljc, WhICh IS uSu8j uOlhIu_ Dul 8u IuC8Q8CIlj OI Iu0IVI0u8lIOu, SlcmS IOm
lhc 8Cl lh8l 8cI lhc CO8QSc O lhc COcClIVc DIu0Iu_ucSS O Ml, OI Uc Scm-
D8uCc O SuCh DIu0Iu_ucSS OI lDc uuIVcIS8Ilj O 8Il 8W8jS DOIc 8 C8SS Ch8I8C
lcI 8u0 W8S lO lhIS cXlcul Q8IlICu8I8DWOIKS WcIc uO Ou_cI I80IC8j c8DO-
I8lc0, 8uj mOIc SO Ih8u lhc c8Ij 8ulOmODIc SuCCcc0c0 8l HccIu_ IlSc HOm Ihc
mO0c O lhc Du__j, OI c8Ij QhOlO_I8QhS HOm lhc mO0c O QOIU8IIuIc. hc Iu-
20 UNVLK5ALANDPAK1ILULAK
hcDlcC C8uOu h8S Dccu CISm8ullcC, 8IlWOIKS QIOCuCcC Iu HccCOm C8uuOl lhIIVc
uuCcI 8u cuCuIIug SOCIcl8l uuIccCOm WhOSc m8IKS lhcy Dc8I cVcu Whcu lhcy 8Ic
C8IIug. uCccC, Iu lhc COQy O Slylc-Ouc Olhc QIIm8l 8cSlhclIC QhcuOmcu8 O lhc
uIuclcculh CculuIy lh8l SQcCIDC8y DOuIgcOIS lI8Il O QIOmISIug IccCOm WhIc
QIOhIDIlIug Il C8u Dc SOughl. LVcIjlhIug IS lO Dc 8l lhc ScIVICc O lhc h8uC lh8l
gI8SQS Il, Dul lhc gI8SQIug h8uC IcgIcSScS lO lhc IcQclIlIOu O Wh8l IS 8V8Il8Dlc,
WhICh IS uOl 8CIu8lly lh8l 8l 8 . u lIulh, DOuIgcOIS 8Il, DcC8uSc Il IS I8CIC8ly
8ulOuOmOuS, C8uuOl lO Dc COuH8lcC WIlh lhc QIcDOuIgcOIS ICc8 O Slylc, Dy SIuD-
DOHly IguOIIug lhIS COuScQucuCc, DOuIgcOIS 8Il cXQIcSScS lhc 8ulIuOmy O DOuI-
gcOIS IccCOm IlSc. hIS 8uIIuOmy IcSullS Iu lhc 8DScuCc O Slylc. hcIc IS uOlh-
Iug cl8S IcChl S8IClO hOlC Ou lO uuCcI lhc COmQuSIOu O lhc m8IKcl 8uC
lhc ucCcSSIly O 8C8Ql8lIOu, uOl cVcu lhc QOSSIDIlIly O Hccly QIOCuCIug 8ulhculIC
8Il, OI lhIS Ic8SOu Wh8l h8S 8Ic8Cy Dccu COuCcmucC lO ODlIVIOu IS IcSuIIcClcC.
hc NIClOII8u lcII8Cc hOuScS lh8l Cc8Cc 8Ccu Q8IOCy VIl8S 8 lhc W8y IulO lhc
slams. MOWcVcI, lhc CcV8Sl8lIOuS lh8l 8Ic Ch8lKcC uQ lO 8u 8gc WIlhOul Slyc 8uC
CIIlICIZcC Ou 8cSlhclIC gIOuuCS 8Ic Iu uO W8y lhc cXQIcSSIOu O lhc SQIIIl O 8u 8gc
O KIlSCh Dul, I8lhcI, QIOCuClS O SOmclhIug cXU8-8cSlhclIC, lh8l IS, O lhc 8Sc
I8lIOu8Ily O 8u IuCuSlIj OIIculcC lO QIODl. cC8uSc C8QIl8 mODIIZcS OI IlS OWu
QuIQOScS Wh8l SlIIKcS Il 8S DcIug lhc III8lIOu8l ccmculS O 8Il, Il CcSIIOyS lhcSc
ccmculS. PcSlhclIC I8lIOu8Ily 8uC III8lIOu8lIly mc cQu8y mulI8lcC Dy lhc CuISc
O SOCIcly. hc CIIIIQuc O Slylc IS IcQIcSScC Dy IlS QOcmIC8-IOm8ulIC ICc8l, Cm-
IIcC lO IlS cXUcmc, lhIS CIIUQuc WOuC cuCOmQ8SS lhc WhOlc O lI8CIlIOu8 8. Pu-
lhculIC 8IlISlS lIKc bChOcuDcIg QIOlcSlcC DcICcly 8g8IuSl lhc COuCcQl O Slyc, Il IS
8 CIIlcIIOu O I8CIC8l mOCcDISm lh8l mOCcDISm Ic]cCl lhc COuCcQl. hc COuCcQl
O Slylc ucVcI ully CIC ]uSlICc lO Ihc Qu8lIly O WOIKS, lhOSc WOIKS lh8l Sccm mOSl
cX8CIly lO IcQIcScul lhcII Slyc h8Vc 8lW8yS Oughl lhIOugh lhc COuICl WIlh Il,
Slyc IlScl W8S lhc uuIly O Slylc 8uC IlS SuSQuSIOu. LVcIy WOIK IS 8 OICc DclC,
cVcu Iu IlS Ic8lIOu lO Slylc, 8uC lhIS COulIuucS lO Dc lhc C8Sc Iu mOCcHISm, WhcIc,
uuDcKuOWuSl lO mOCcHISm 8uC QIcCIScy lhcIc WhcIc Il IcuOuuCcC 8l WIll lO
Slylc, SOmclhIug IcScmDlIug Slylc OImcC uuCcI lhc QIcSSuIc O Ihc Imm8Dcul
cl8DOI8lIOu O WOIKS. hc hIghcI lhc 8mDIlIOu O 8IlWOIKS, lhc mOIc cucIgclIC8y
lhcy C8Hy Oul lhc COuICl WIIh Slylc, cVcu Whcu lhIS IcQuIIcS IcuOuuCIug lh8l
SuCCcSS Iu WhICh lhcy 8Ic8Cy ScuSc 8DD8lIOu. HclIOSQcClIVcy, Slylc m8y Dc
cX8llcC Ouy DcC8uSc Iu SQIlc O IlS IcQIcSSIVc 8SQcClS Il W8S uOl SImQly Sl8mQcC
cXlcH8ly Ou 8IlWOIKS Dul W8S I8lhcI8S Mcgcl lIKcC lO S8y Iu Icg8IC lO 8ulIQ-
uIly lO 8 CcIl8Iu CcgIcc SuDSl8ulI8. bljlc QcDc8lcC lhc 8IlWOIK WIlh SOmclhIug
lIKc OD]cClIVc SQIIIl, IuCccC, Il cVcu lc8ScC Oul ccmculS O SQcCIDC8lIOu, WhICh Il
IcQuIIcC OI IlS OWu Ic8IZ8lIOu. LuIIug QcIIOCS Iu WhICh OD]cClIVc SQIIIl W8S uOl
COmQclcy COmm8uCccIcC 8uC SQOul8ucIly h8C ycl lO Dc lOl8ly 8CmIuISlcIcC,
IhcIc W8S 8lSO SlIl cICIly Iu Slyc. LOuSlIlulIVc Iu cclhOVcu S SuD]cClIVc 8Il W8S
lhc lOl8ly Cyu8mIC OIm O lhc SOu8l8, Iu OlhcI WOICS, lhc 8lc-8DSOlulISl Slyc O
NIcuucSc C8SSICISm lh8l Ouly C8mc IulO IlS OWu OuCc ccIhOVcu C8IIIcC Oul IlS
UNIVLK5AlANDlAK1ILULAK . Z7
ImQlIC8lIOuS. DOlhIu_ O lhc SOIl IS QOSSIDlc 8uy lOu_cI, OI Slylc h8S Dccu lIQuI-
08lc0. uSlc80, lhc COuCcQl O lhc Ch8OlIC IS uuIOImy COu]uIc0 uQ. l mcIcly QIO
]cClS lhc Iu8DIlIly lO OllOW lhc SQcCIDC lO_IC O 8 Q0IlICul8I WOIK D8CK OulO lhIS
WOIK, WIlh 8SlOuIShIu_ Ic_ul8IIly lhc IuVcClIVcS 8_8IuSl ucW 8Il 8Ic cuuuCI8lc0 Iu
l8u0cm WIlh 8 0cmOuSU8Dlc l8CK O COmQIchcuSIOu, Olcu cVcu O 8uy DSIC
KuOWlc0_c. hcIc IS uO 8VOI0Iu_ lhc IcCO_uIlIOu lh8l lhc DIu0Iu_ucSS O SlylcS IS 8
IcHcX O SOCIcly S IcQIcSSIVc Ch8I8ClcI, WhICh hum8uIly IBlcImIllcully u0 cVcI
uu0cI lhc lhIc8l O Ic_IcSSIOu SccKS lO Sh8Kc O, WIlhOul lhc OD]cClIVc SlIuCluIc O
8 ClOSc0 8u0 lhuS IcQIcSSIVc SOCIcly, Il WOul0 Dc ImQOSSIDlc lO COuCcIVc 8u ODlI_8-
lOIy Slylc. Ilh Ic_I0 lO Iu0IVI0u8l 8IlWOIKS lhc COuCcQl O Slylc IS 8l DcSl 8QQlIC-
8Dlc 8S lhc QuIulcSScuCc O lhc clcmculS lh8l 8Ic clOQucul Iu Il. hc WOIK lh8l 0OcS
uOl SuDSumc IlScl lO 8uy Slylc muSl h8Vc IlS OWu Slylc OI, 8S cI_ C8llc0 Il, IlS OWu
`lOuc. l IS uu0cuI8Dlc lh8l WIlh Ic_8I0 lO lhc mOSl IcCcul 0cVclOQmculS, lhOSc
WOIKS lh8l 0Ic cl8DOI8lc0 Iu lhcmSclVcS COuVcI_c. h8l lhc 8C80cmIC Slu0y O
hISlOIy C8llS 8 QcISOul Slylc IS V8uIShIu_. Il QHlcSlIu_ly SccKS lO SuIVIVc, Il
8mOSl IucVIl8Dly COllI0cS WIlh lhc Imm8ucul l8WulucSS O lhc Iu0IVI0u8l WOIK.
Jc COmQlclc uc_8lIOu O Slylc SccmS lO IcVcISc 0I8lcClIC8lly IulO Slylc. hc 0IS-
COVcIy O COuOImISl U8IlS Iu uOuCOuOImISm" h8S, hOWcVcI, DcCOmc uO mOIc
lh8u 8 UISm, _OO0 Ouly lO hclQ lhc D80 COuSCIcuCc O COuOImISlS ScCuIc 8u 8lIDI
IOm Wh8l W8ulS Ch8B_c. hIS Iu uO W8y 0ImIuIShcS lhc 0I8lcClIC lhIOu_h WhICh
lhc Q8IlICul0I DcCOmcS uuIVcIS8l. h8l Iu uOmIu8lISlIC8lly 80V8uCc0 8IlWOIKS lhc
uuIVcIS8l, 8u0 SOmclImcS lhc COuVculIOu8, D8QQc8IS IcSullS uOl Hm 8 SIuHl
cIIOI Dul IOm lhc Ch8I8ClcI O 8IlWOIKS 8S l8u_u8_c, WhICh QIO_IcSSIVcly QIO-
0uCcS 8 VOC8Dul8Iy WIlhIu lhc WIu0OWlcSS mOu80. huS cXQIcSSIOuISl QOclIy8S
N8ulZ h8S ShOWucmQlOyS CcIl8Iu COlOI COuVculIOuS lh8l C8u 8lSO Dc Ouu0 Iu
8u0IuSKy S DOOK.` tXQIcSSIOu, lhc DcICcSl 8ulIlhcSIS lO 8DSlI8Cl uuIVcIS8lIly, Ic-
QuIICS SuCh COnVCnlIOnS In OI0CI lO DC 8Dlc lO Sc8K 8S IlS COuCcQl IOmIScS. cX-
QIcSSIOu IcSlIIClS IlScl lO lhc lOCuS O lhc 8DSOlulc ImQulSc, Il WOul0 Dc uu8Dlc lO
0clcImIuc Il 80cQu8lcly cuOu_h OI lhIS ImQulSc lO SQc8K Oul O lhc 8IlWOIK. LVcu
lhOu_h Iu 8ll IlS 8cSlhclIC mc0I8 cXQIcSSIOuISm, COulI8Iy lO IlS I0c8, 0IcW Ou Slylc-
lIKc clcmculS, Ouly 8mOu_ IlS lcSScI IcQIcScul8lIVcS W8S lhIS Iu lhc IulcIcSl O 8C-
COmmO08lIOu lO lhc m8IKcl. u 8ll OlhcI C8ScS lhIS QhcuOmcuOu OllOWc0 0IIcClly
IOm IlS I0c8. OI IlS OWu Ic8lIZ8lIOu, cXQIcSSIOuISm muSl 8CCcQl 8SQcClS lh8l
Ic8Ch DcyOu0 lhc te T, n0 lhIS Iu luD COmQIOmIScS IlS Ic8lIZ8lIOu.
D81Vc 8Ilh Iu Slylc _OcS h8u0 Iu h8u0 WIlh I8uCOI 8_8IuSl lhc COuCcQl O QIO_IcSS
Iu 8Il. LOuScIV8lIVc CulluI8 QhIlOSOQhy, SluDDODly IuScuSIDlc lO lhc Imm8ucul
lcu0cuCy lh8l mOlIV8lcS 8IlISlIC I80ICISm, h8S lhc h8DIl O S8_cly cXQl8IuIu_ lh8l
Uc COuCcQl O QIO_IcSS IS IlScl OulmO0c0 8u0 cu0uIcS Ouly 8S 8 D80 IclIC O lhc
uIuclccuU CculuIy. hIS QIOVI0cS 8 ScmDl8uCc O IulcllcClu8 SuQcIIOIIly OVcI lhc
SuQQOSc0 lcChuOlO_IC8l 0cQcu0cuCy O 8V8ul-_8I0c 8IlISlS, 8S Wcll 8S 8 CcIl8Iu
0cm8_O_IC8l ccCl, u IulcllcClu8 Dcuc0IClIOu IS DcSlOWc0 Ou 8 WI0cSQIc80 8ulI-
IulcllcClu8lISm lh8l h8S 0c_cucI8lc0 IulO lhc CullIV8lc0 lcII8Iu O lhc CulluIc Iu-
ZU8 ' LNNLK5AL AN AK1LLLAK
0uSDj. hc I0cDDgIC8 ChM8ClcI D SuCh cDIlS, hDWcVcI, IS uD 0ISQcuS8lIDu
IDm IcHcClIDu Du lhc Ic8lIDu D 8Il lD QIDgIcSS. PS Mcgc 8u0 N8IX KucW, Iu 8Il
lhc CDuCcQl D QIDgIcSS IS mDIc IcI8Clc0 lh8u Iu lhc hISlDIj D lhc lcChuIC8 DICcS
D QID0uClIDu. D IlS VcIj CDIc, 8Il IS cumcShc0 Iu lhc hISlDIIC8 mDVcmcul D
gIDWIug 8ul8gDuISmS. u 8Il lhcIc IS 8S muCh 8u0 8S Illc QIDgIcSS 8S Iu SDCIclj.
Mcgc S 8cSlhclICS SucIS uDl c8Sl D 8 DcC8uSc~IKc hIS SjSlcm 8S 8 WhDcIl
DSCI8lcS DclWccu lhIuKIug Iu IuV8II8ulS 8u0 uuIcSlI8Iuc0 0I8cClIC8 lhIuKIug,
8u0 8lhDugh Il gI8SQc0, 8S uD QIcVIDuS SjSlcm h80, lhc hISlDIIC8 ccmcul D 8Il 8S
lhc `0cVcDQmcul D Dulh, Il ucVcIlhccSS CDuScIVc0 lhc C8uDu D 8ulIQuIlj. u-
Slc80 D 0I8WIug 0I8cClICS IulD 8cSlhclIC QIDgIcSS, Mcgc DIDughl lhIS QIDgIcSS lD
8 h8l, DI hIm Il W8S Ml 8u0 uDl IlS QIDlDljQIC8 DImS lD8l W8S lI8uSIcul. hc CDu-
ScQucuCcS Iu LDmmuuISl CDuulIIcS Duc huu0Ic0 jc8IS 8lcI CDu0 uDl h8Vc Dccu
DIcSccu. hcII Ic8ClIDu8Ij 8Il lhcDIj IS uDuIIShc0, uDl WIlhDul N8IX
'
S 8QQIDV8,
Du McgcS C8SSICISm. h8l 8CCDI0Iug lD Mcgc 8Il W8S DuCc lhc 80cQu8lc Sl8gc D
SQIIIl 8u0 uDW uD DugcI IS, 0cmDuSD8lcS 8 DuSl Iu lhc Ic8 QIDgIcSS D CDuSCIDuS-
ucSS D Icc0Dm lh8l h8S SIuCc Dccu DIllcDj 0IS8QQDIulc0. Mcgc S lhcDIcm D 8Il
8S lhc CDuSCIDuSucSS D ucc0S IS CDmQcIug, 8u0 Il IS uDl Dul08lc0. 1u 8Cl, lhc cu0
D 8Il lh8l hc QIDguDSlIC8lc0 0I0 uDl DCCuI Iu lhc Duc huu0Ic0 DHj jc8IS lh8l h8Vc
SIuCc 8QSc0. l IS Iu uD W8j lhc C8Sc lh8l Wh8l W8S 0cSlIuc0 lD QcIISh h8S SImQj
Dccu DICc0 8Dug, cmQlIj, lhc Qu8Ilj D lhc mDSl ImQDIl8ul WDIKS D lhc cQOh
8u0 Q8IlICu8Ij lhDSc lh8l WcIc 0ISQ8I8gc0 8S 0cC80cul IS uDl DQcu lD 0ISCuSSIDu
WIlh lhDSc WhD WDu0 SImQj IKc lD 8uuu lh8l Qu8Ilj cXlcD8j 8u0 lhuS Dm
DcDW. LVcu gIVcu lhc mDSl cXlIcmc Ic0uClIDuISm Iu 8Il S CDuSCIDuSucSS D ucc0S,
lhC gCSluIc O SC-ImQOSC0 mulCuCSS 8u0 V8uIShIug, 8Il QcISISlS, 8S Iu 8 SDIl D
0IcIculI8. cC8uSc lDcIc h8S uDl jcl Dccu 8uj QIDgIcSS Iu lhc WDI0, lhcIc IS
QIDgIcSS Iu 8Il, "i//uatccntinaer. " P0mIllc0j, 8Il Icm8IuS C8ughl uQ Iu Wh8l
Mcgc C8c0 WDI0 SQIIIl 8u0 IS lhuS 8u 8CCDmQICc, Dul Il CDu0 cSC8QC lhIS guIl
Duj Dj 0cSHDjIug IlSc 8u0 lhuS 0IIcClj 8DcllIug SQccChcSS 0DmIu8lIDu 8u0 0c-
cIIIug lD D8ID8IISm. PIlWDIKS lh8l W8ul lD Icc lhcmScVcS D lhcII guIl Wc8Xcu
UcmScVcS 8S 8IlWDIXS. Luc WDu0 Duj SuCCcc0 Iu hD0Iug Uc lD lhc mDuO-
0ImcuSIDu8Ilj D lhc WDI0 SQIIIl I Duc WcIc lD IuSISl Du H0uCIug Il cXCuSIVcj
lD lhc CDuCcQl D 0DmIu8lIDu. PIlWDIXS lh8l, Iu cQDChS D IDcI8lIDu lh8l gD Dc-
jDu0 lhc hISlDIIC8 IuSl8ul, 8Ic H8lcD8j 8Ic0 WIU lhc WDI0 SQIDl, DWc Il lhcII
DIc8lh, VIgDI, 8u0 Iu0cc0 cVcQlhIug Dj WhICh lDcj gD DcjDu0 lhc cVcI-S8mcucSS
D lhc 80mIuISlCIc0 WDI0. u lhcSc WDIKS, lhc SuD]cCl DQcuS IlS cjcS, u8luIc 8Wm-
cuS lD IlSc, 8u0 lhc hISlDIIC8 SQIIIl IlSc Q8IlICIQ8lcS Iu lhIS 8W8KcuIug. PS muCh
8S QIDgIcSS Iu 8Il IS uDl lD Dc clIShI7c0 Dul lD Dc CDuHDulc0 WIlh IlS Dlh CDulcul,
Il WDu0 Dc QIlIu lD 0ISlIuguISh DclWccu gDD0 QIDgIcSS 8S lcmQcI8lc 8u0 D80
QIDgIcSS 8S Wh8l h8S Iuu WI0. LQQIcSSc0 u8luIc cXQIcSScS IlSc mDIc QuIcj Iu
WDIKS CIIlICI7c0 8S 8IlIDCI8, WhICh WIlh Icg8I0 lD lDc cVc D lhc lcChuIC8 DICcS
D QID0uClIDu, gD lD lhc cXlIcmc, lh8u Il 0DcS Iu CIICumSQcCl WDIKS WhDSc purti
prisDI u8luIc IS 8S 8Ic0 WIlh lhc Ic8 0DmIu8lIDu D u8luIc 8S IS lhc u8luIc DVcI
UNVLK5ALANDlAK1LULAK | 20
WIlh lhc huul. IDgIcSS Iu 8Il IS ucIlhcI lD Dc QIDC8Imc0 uDI 0cuIc0. D 8lcI
WDIK, cVcu WcIc Il lhc WDIK D lhc gIc8lcSl l8cul, CDu0 m8lCh lhc lIulh CDulcul D
cclhDVcu S 8Sl Qu8IlclS WIlhDul IcDCCuQjIug lhcII QDSIlIDu QDIul Dj QDIul WIlh
Icg8I0 lD m8lcII8, SQIIIl, 8u0 QIDCc0uIcS.
hc 0IDCulj D CDmIug lD 8 gcucI8 ]u0gmcul 8DDul lhc QIDgIcSS D 8Il h8S lD 0D
WIlh 8 0ICulj QIcSculc0 Dj lhc SUuCluIc D IlS hISlDIj. l IS IuhDmDgcucDuS. Pl
mDSl, ScIIcS 8Ic lD Dc 0ISCcHc0 lh8l h8Vc 8 SuCCcSSIVc CDulIuuIlj lh8l lhcu DIc8KS
DH, DHcu uu0cI SDCI8 QIcSSuIc U8l C8u Iu0cc0 Dc lh8l D CDuDIm1lj, lD lhIS 08j,
CDulIuuIlj Iu 8IlISlIC 0cVcDQmculS h8S IcQuIIc0 Ic8lIVcj Sl8Dc SDCI8 CDu0I-
lIDuS. LDulIuuIlIcS Iu gcuIcS Q8I8c SDCI8 CDulIuuIlj 8u0 hDmDgcucIlj, Il C8u Dc
SuQQDSc0 lh8l lhcIc W8S Illc Ch8ugc Iu lhc l8I8u QuDIC S 8llIlu0c lD DQcI8 IDm
lhc lImc D lhc c8QDIl8uS lD NcI0I, QcIh8QS cVcu lD uCCIuI, 8u0 8 SImI8I CDu-
lIuuIlj D gcuIc, m8IKc0 Dj 8 Ic8lIVcj CDuSISlcul 0cVcDQmcul D mc8uS 8u0
QIDhIDIlIDuS, C8u D Sccu Iu 8lc mc0IcV8 QDjQhDuj. hc CDDcSQDu0cuCc Dc-
lWccu CDSc0 hISlDIIC8 0cVcDQmculS Iu 8Il 8u0, QDSSIDj, Sl8lIC SDCI8 SlIuCluIcS
Iu0IC8lcS lhc ImIlS D lhc hISlDQ D gcuIcS, 8uj 8DIuQl Ch8ugc D SDCI8 SUuCluIc,
SuCh 8S DCCuIIc0 WIlh lhc cmcIgcuCc D 8 DDuIgcDIS QuDIC, DIIugS 8DDul 8u
cQu8j 8DIuQl Ch8ugc Iu gcuIcS 8u0 SljISlIC ljQcS. hDIDughD8SS muSIC, WhICh Iu
IlS DcgIuuIug8 W8S QIImIlIVc lD lhc QDIul D IcgIcSSIDu, IcQIcSSc0 lhc hIghj 0cVc-
DQc0 LulCh 8u0 l8I8u QDjQhDuj, IlS QDWcIH IcVIV8 Iu 8Ch W8S m8IgIu8IZc0
lI8CccSSj DI 0cC80cS 8lcI hIS 0c8lh. Luj 0cSulDIIj IS Il QDSSIDc lD SQc8K D 8
lI8uSIlIDu IDm Duc WDIK lD 8uDlhcI. bQDul8ucIlj, lhc CDmQuSIDu lDW8I0 lhc jcl
uugI8SQ0, WIlhDul WhICh 8Il IS uulhIuK8Dc, WDu0 DlhcIWISc h8Vc uD Q8Cc 8u0
IlS hISlDIj WDu0 Dc mcCh8uIC8j 0clcImIuc0. hIS hD0S lIuc DI lhc QID0uClIDu
D Iu0IVI0u8j SIguIDC8ul 8IlISlS, lhc CDulIuuIlj D lhcII WDIK IS DHcu I8gmculc0,
uDl Duj Iu lhc C8Sc D lhc WDIK D QuIQDIlc0j QIDlc8u u8luIcS WhD SccK ScCuIIlj
Dy SWIlChIug mD0cS Dul cVcu Iu lhc C8Sc D lhc mDSl 0ISCIImIu8lIug. hcj SDmc-
lImcS QID0uCc WDIKS lh8l 8Ic Sl8IKj 8ulIlhclIC8 lD Wh8l lhcj h8Vc 8Ic80j CDm-
Qclc0, cIlhcI DcC8uSc lhcj CDuSI0cI lhc QDSSIDIIlIcS D Duc ljQc D WDIK lD Dc
cXh8uSlc0 DI 8S 8 QIcVcul8lIVc lD lhc 08ugcI D IIgI0IDC8lIDu 8u0 IcQlIlIDu. 1u lhc
WDIKS D m8uj 8IlISlS, QID0uClIDu 0cVcDQS 8S I lhc ucW WDIKS W8ulc0 lD IcCDVcI
Wh8l lhc c8IIcI WDIK, Iu DcCDmIug CDuCIclIZc0 8u0 lhcIcDIc, 8 cVcI, ImIlIug
IlSc, h80 h80 lD IcuDuuCc. D Iu0IVI0u8 WDIK IS cVcI Wh8l U80IlIDu8 I0c8ISl
8cSlhclICS QI8IScS 8S 8 lDl8Ilj. L8Ch IS Iu80cQu8lc 8S Wc 8S IuCDmQclc, 8u cXlI8Cl
IDm IlS DWu QDlculI8, 8u0 lhIS IuuS CDulI8Ij lD IlS 0IIcCl CDulIuu8lIDu I Duc
c8VcS Dul D CDuSI0cI8lIDu V8IIDuS ScIIcS D WDIKS Iu WhICh Q8IulcIS, Iu Q8IlICuM,
Uj Dul 8 CDuCcQlIDu WIU 8u cjc lD IlS QDSSIDIIlIcS DI 0cVcDQmcul. hIS 0ISCDu-
lIuuDuS SlIuCluIc IS, hDWcVcI, uD mDIc C8uS8j ucCcSS8Ij lh8u Il IS 8CCI0cul8 800
0ISQ8I8lc. LVcu I lhcIc IS uD U8uSIlIDu IDm Duc WDIK lD 8uDlhcI, lhcII SuCCcSSIDu
ucVcIlhccSS Sl8u0S uu0cI lhc uuIlj D lhc QIDDcm QSc0. 1DgIcSS, lhc ucg8lIDu
D Wh8l cXISlS lhIDugh ucW DcgIuuIugS, l8KcS Q8Cc WIlhIu lhIS uuIlj. IDDcmS
lh8l QIcVIDuS WDIK cIlhcI 0I0 uDl SDVc DI SQ8Wuc0 Iu lhc CDuISc D lhcII DWu SDu-
Zl' UNVLK5ALADPAKTLULAK
lIOBS 8W8Il 8llcBlIOB, 8Bd lh8l SOmclImcS BcCcSSIl8lcS 8 DIc8K. 3cl BOl cVcB lhc
uBIly O lhc QIODcm QIOVIdcS 8B uBIBlcIIuQlcd SlIuCluIc OI lhc hISlOIy O 8Il.
IODcmS C8B Dc OI_OllcB, hISlOIIC8 8BlIlhcScS C8B dcVcOQ IB WhICh lhc lhcSIS IS
BO OB_cI QIcScIVcd. JuSl hOW Illc QtO_IcSS IB 8Il h8S DccB 8 QhyO_cBclIC8y uB-
DIOKcB COuISc C8B Dc cmcd OBlO_cBclIC8y. BBOV8lOIS I8Icy h8Vc mOIc QOWcI
OVcI Wh8l IS Od lh8B dId lhcII QIcdcCcSSOIS. O 8cSlhclIC QIO_IcSS WIlhOul OI_cl-
lIB_, hcBCc, 8 QIO_IcSS IBVOVcS Ic_IcSSIOB. IcChl m8dc OI_cllIB_ hIS QIC_I8m
OB CuluI8-CIIlIC8 _IOuBdS lh8l 8Ic ]uSly SuSQICIOuS O CuluI8 lI8dIlIOB 8S 8
_OdcB Ch8IB O IdcOO_IcS. h8ScS O OI_cllIB_ 8Bd, COmQcmcBl8IIy, lhOSc O
lhc IccmcI_cBCc O Wh8l h8S OB_ DccB l8DOO~OI cX8mQc, lhc IcQIISc O lhc dI-
d8ClIC QOcm IB IcChl~uSu8y IBVOVc _c0IcS I8lhcI lh8B IBdIVIdu8 WOIKS, lhIS
IS 8SO Uc O l8DOOS SuCh 8S lh8l WhICh h8S lOd8y 8cB OB SuD]cClIVc ~8Bd cSQc-
CI8y cIOlIC~QOclIy, WhICh W8S OBCc 8B cXQIcSSIOB O cm8BCIQ8lIOB. 1B 8Cl, lhc
COBlIBuIly O 8Il C8B Dc COBSlIucd OBy Om 8 VcIy _Ic8l dISl8BCc. H8UcI, lhc hIS-
lOIy O 8Il h8S BOd8 QOIBlS. PlhOu_h Q8IlI8 hISlOIIcS O _cBIc h8Vc lhcII c_IlI-
m8Cy~SuCh 8S lhOSc O 8BdSC8Qc Q8IBlIB_, QOIlI8IluIc, lhc OQcI8~lhcy ShOud
BOl Dc OVcIl8Xcd. hIS IS SUIKIB_y COIIODOI8lcd Dy lhc hISlOIy O Q8IOdy 8Bd COB-
u88Clum IB OdcI muSIC. 1B 8ChS OcuVIc Il IS hIS lcChBIQuc, lhc COmQcXIOB 8Bd
dcBSIly O lhc COmQOSIlIOB, lh8l IS Uuy QIO_IcSSIVc 8Bd mOIc lO lhc QOIBl lh8B
WhclhcI hc WIOlc ScCu8I OI IcI_IOuS, VOC8 OI IBSUmcBl8! muSIC, lO lhIS cXlcBl
BOmIB8ISm IclIOSQcClIVcy 8cClS lhc KBOWcd_c O OdcI muSIC. hc ImQOSSIDI-
Ily O 8 uBIVOC8 COBSlIuClIOB O lhc hISlOIy O 8Il 8Bd lhc 8l8Ily O 8 dISQuISI-
lIOBS OB IlS QIO_IcSS~WhICh cXISlS 8Bd lhcB 8_8IB dOcS BOl cXISl~OII_IB8lc IB
8Il S dOuDc Ch8I8ClcI 8S DcIBg SOCI8lly dclcImIBcd IB IlS 8ulCBCmy 8Bd 8l lhc
S8mc lImc SOCI8. hcB lhc SOCI8 Ch8I8ClcI O 8Il OVcIWhcmS IlS 8ulOBOmy,
WhcB IlS Imm8BcBl SlIuCluIc cXQOSIVcy COBlI8dIClS IlS SOCI8 Ic8lIOBS, 8ulOBOmy
IS S8CIIDCcd 8Bd WIlh Il 8IlS COBlIBuIly, Il IS OBc O lhc Wc8KBcSScS O lhc hISlOIy
O Idc8S lh8l Il Idc8ISlIC8y I_BOIcS lhIS. OI lhc mOSl Q8Il, WhcB COBlIBuIly Sh8l-
lcIS Il IS lhc Ic8lIOBS O QIOduClIOB lh8l WIB Oul OVcI lhc OICcS O QIOduClIOB,
lhcIc IS BO C8uSc lO ChImc IB WIlh SuCh SOCI8 lIIumQh. PIl dcVcOQS Dy W8y O lhc
SOCI8 WhOc, lh8l IS lO S8y, Il IS mcdI8lcd Dy SOIcly S IuIB_ SlIuCluIc. PIlS hIS-
lOIy IS BOl 8 SuIB_ O IBdIVIdu8 C8uS8IlIcS, BO uBIVOC8 BcCcSSIlIcS c8d HOm OBc
QhcBOmcBOB lO lhc BcXl. 1lS hISlOIy m8y Dc C8cd BcCcSS81y OBy WIlh Ic_8Id lO
lhc lOl8 SOCI8 lcBdcBCy, BOl IB IccIcBCc lO IlS IBdIVIdu8 m8BIcSl8lIOBS. lS Q8l
COBSlIuClIOB IOm 8DOVc IS 8S 8Sc 8S 8Ilh IB lhc IBCOmmcBSuI8Dc _cBIuS O IBdI-
VIdu8 WOIKS lh8l U8BSQOIlS lhcm Oul O lhc Ic8m O BcCcSSIly. P BOBCOBlI8dIC-
lOIy lhcOIy O lhc hISlOIy O 8Il IS BOl lO Dc COBCcIVcd. hc cSScBCc O IlS hISlOIy IS
COBlI8dIClOIy IB IlSc.
\BdOuDlcdy, lhc hISlOIIC8 m8lcII8S 8Bd lhcII dOmB8lIOB~lcChBIQuc8dV8BCc,
dISCOVcIIcS SuCh 8S lhOSc O QcISQcClIVc IB Q8IBlIB_ 8Bd QOyQhOBy IB muSIC 8Ic
lhc mOSl ODVIOuS cX8mQcS. cyOBd lhIS, QIO_IcSS IS 8SO uBdcBI8Dc IB lhc O_IC8
dcVcOQmcBl O cSl8DIShcd mclhOdOO_y, 8S IS cVIdcBl IB lhc dIcIcBlI8lIOB O
LNlVLKbAl ANO lAKlLLlAK ' I !
h8ImOBIC COBSCIOuSBcSS DclWccB lhc 8gc O lhOIOughD8SS COmQOSIlIOB 8B0 lhc
lhIcShO0 O BcW muSIC, OI IB lhc lI8BSIlIOB IOm ImQIcSSIOBISm lO QOIBlIISm.
buCh uBmISlm8Dc QIOgIcSS IS, hOWcVcI, BOl BcCcSS8IIj lh8l O Qu8Ilj. Bj
DIB0BcSS COu0 0cBj lhc 8cSlhclIC mc8BS g8IBc0 IB Q8IBlIBg IOm LIOllO 8B0
LIm8Duc lO IcIO 0c8 I8BCcSC8, hOWcVcI, lO COBCu0c lh8l IcIO S Q8IBlIBgS 8Ic
lhcIcOIc DcllcI lh8B lhc IcSCOS O PSSISI WOu0 Dc SChOOm8ImISh. hcIc8S WIU
Icg8I0 lO 8 Q8IlICu8I WOIX lhc QucSlIOB O Qu8Ilj C8B Dc QOSc0 8B0 0cCI0c0, 8B0
WhcIc8S Ic8lIOBS Mc lhcIcDj IB0cc0 ImQICIl IB lhc ]u0gmcBl O V8IIOuS WOIXS,
SuCh ]u0gmcBlS DcCOmc 8Il-8IcB Qc08BU 8S SOOB 8S COmQ8IISOB IS m80c uB0cI
lhc Dc80IBg O DcllcI U8B. buCh COBDOVcISIcS 8Ic IB BO W8j ImmuBc IOm Cu-
luI8 BOBScBSc. MOWcVcI muCh WOIXS 8Ic 0ISlIBguIShc0 IOm c8Ch OlhcI Dj lhcII
Qu8Ilj, lhcj 8Ic 8l lhc S8mc lImc IBCOmHcBSuI8Dc. hcj COmmuBIC8lc WIlh c8Ch
OlhcI cXCuSIVcj Dj W8j O 8BlIlhcScS. `LVcIj WOIX IS lhc mOIl8 cBcmj O lhc
OlhcI." hcj DcCOmc COmQ8I8Dc OBj Dj 8BBIhI8lIBg lhcmScVcS, Dj Ic8IZIBg
lhcII Ic lhIOugh lhcII mOIl8Ilj. l IS 0IDCul lO 0ISlIBguISh 8B0 I 8l 8 lhcB
OBj in 0Oh0I0IOWhICh 8ICh8IC 8B0 QIImIlIVc lI8IlS IcSul HOm lcChBIQuc 8B0
WhICh IOm lhc OD]cClIVc I0c8 O lhc WOIX, lhc lWO C8B Dc ScQ8I8lc0 OBj 8IDIU8IIj.
LVcB D8WS m8j DcCOmc cOQucBl, WhcIc8S Wh8l IS cXCccBl m8j IB lhc COuISc O
hISlOIj B8IIOW lhc Dulh COBlcBl. hc hISlOIj O 8Il IS ]uSl lh8l 8BlIBOmIC8. hc
SuDCul8BcOuS SlIuCluIc O 8Ch S mOSl ImQOIl8Bl IBSlIumcBl8 WOIXS C8B OBj Dc
DIOughl Oul IB QcIOD8BCc Dj mc8BS O 8B OIChcSlI8 Q8cllc lh8l hc 0I0 BOl h8Vc
8l hIS 0ISQOS8, jcl Il WOu0 Dc II0ICuOuS lO WISh OI QcISQcClIVc IB mc0IcV8
Q8IBlIBgS, WhICh WOu0 IOD lhcm O lhcII SQcCIDC cXQIcSSIOB. IOgIcSS C8B Dc
SuIQ8SSc0 Dj QIOgIcSS. hc Ic0uClIOB, 8B0 ulIm8lcj lhc C8BCcIBg, O QcISQcClIVc
IB mO0cD Q8IBlIBg QIO0uCcS COIIcSQOB0cBCcS WIlh QIcQcISQcClIV8 WOIXS lh8l
I8IScS IB cSlIm8lIOB lDc 0ISl8Bl Q8Sl 8DOVc lhc mOIc IcCcBl Q8Sl, lhcSc COIIcSQOB-
0cBCcS DcCOmc QhIISlIBc, hOWcVcI, I QIImIlIVc 8B0 SuQcISc0c0 mclhO0S Mc cm-
QOjc0 OI mO0cD WOIXS 8B0 QIDgIcSS IB lhc m8SlcIj OVcI lhc m8lcII8 IS 0ISQ8I-
8gc0 8B0 IcVOXc0. LVcB QIOgIcSSIVc m8SlcIj OVcI lhc m8lcII8 IS SOmclImcS Q8I0
OI WIlh 8 OSS IB lhc m8SlcQ OVcI lhc m8lcII8. hc gIc8lcI 8mII8IIlj WIlh cXOlIC
muSICS lh8l h80 QIcVIOuSj DccB 0ISmISSc0 8S QIImIlIVc SuggcSlS lh8l cSlcD
muSIC S QOjQhOBj 8B0 I8lIOB8IZ8lIOBWhICh 8Ic IBScQ8I8Dc 8B0 WhICh OQcBc0
uQ 8 IlS IIChBcSS 8B0 0cQlhS 0uc0 lhc QOWcI O 0IcIcBlI8lIOB lh8l IS 8IVc IB
lhc mIBIm8 IhjlhmIC 8B0 mcO0IC V8II8lIOBS O mOB80IC muSIC, lhc IIgI0Ilj 8B0,
OI LuIOQc8B c8IS, lhc mOBOlOBjO cXOlIC muSIC W8S ODVIOuSj lhc COB0IlIOB
OI lhIS 0IcIcBlI8lIOB. HIlu8 QIcSSuIc SlIcBglhcBc0 lhc C8Q8CIlj lO 0IcIcBlI8lc
IB 8 B8IIOW SQhcD, WhcD Il W8S lO!cI8lc0, WhcIc8S LuIOQc8B muSIC, uB0cI !cSS
QIcSSuIc, W8S cSS IB Bcc0 O SuCh COIIcClIVcS. PS 8 IcSul, OBj cSlcD muSIC
8ChIcVc0 u 8ulOBOmj~lhc Sl8luS O 8Il8B0 lhc COBSCIOuSBcSS lh8l IS Imm8-
BcBl lO Il C8BBOl 8IDIlI8IIj c8Vc Il IB OI0cI lO DIO80cB IlSc IB SOmc 8ShIOB. 1B-
0cBI8Dj, 8 DBcI C8Q8CIlj lO 0IcIcBlI8lc, WhICh IS 8W8jS 8B 8SQcCl O Uc 8cS-
lhclIC m8SlcIj OVcI m8lcII8, IS DOuB0 uQ WIlh SQIIIlu8IZ8lIOB, Il IS lhc SuD]cClIVc
2l 2
_
UNVLK5AlANUPAK1lLULAK
CDIIc8lIVc D DD]cClIVc CDBUD, lhc C8Q8CIlj lD ScBSc Wh8l h8S DcCDmc QDSSIDc,
8S 8 IcSul D WhICh 8Il DcCDmcS IccI lD IlS DWB l8SX. lhc QIDlcSl 8g8IBSl lhc m8S-
lcIj DVcI m8lcII8 IlSc. NDIlIDB WIlhIB lhc IBVDuBl8Ij IS lhc Q8I80DXIC8 DI-
mu8 DI lhc QDSSIDc 0ISSDulIDB D lhc 8BlIBDmj D 8cSlhclIC 0DmIB8lIDB. hc
m8SlcIj DVcI lhc m8lcII8 ImQIcS SQIIIlu8IZ8lIDB, lhDugh lhIS SQIIIlu8IZ8lIDB,
8S Uc 8ulDBDmj D SQIIIl VIS-8-VIS IlS DlhcI, Immc0I8lcj cB08BgcIS IlSc 8g8IB.
hc SDVcIcIgB 8cSlhclIC SQIIIl h8S 8 lcB0cBCj lD CDmmuBIC8lc IlSc I8lhcI lh8B lD
gIVc VDICc lD Wh8l IS 8l Sl8Xc, WhICh 8DBc WDu0 HD lhc I0c8 D SQIIIlu8IZ8-
lIDB. hc prodaprcrsIS IBhcIcBl IB QIDgIcSS IlSc, 8u0 lhIS IS mDSl 8QQ8IcBl IB
lhc 0cCIBIBg 8ulhcBlICIlj 8B0 DIB0IBgBcSS D 8Il 8B0 IB lhc gIDWIBg ScBSc D 8CCI-
0cBl8BcSS, lhIS IS 0IIcClj I0cBlIC8 WIlh QIDgIcSS D lhc 0DmIB8lIDB D lhc m8lcI-
I8, 8S SccB IB Uc IBlcBSIDC8lIDB D lhc c8DDI8lIDB D lhc IB0IVI0u8 WDIX. l IS uB-
CcIl8IB WhclhcI lhIS DSS IS 8Clu8 DI mcIcj ScmD8BCc. DI B81Vc CDBSCIDuSBcSS,
8S DI lh8l D lhc muSICI8B, 8 SDBg IDm Diewinterreisem8j Sccm mDIc 8ulhcBlIC
lh8B DBc Dj cDcD, 8S I lhc DImcI h80 hIl uQDB SDmclhIBg DD]cClIVc WhcIc8S IB
lhc 8llcI lhc CDBlcBl IS B8IIDWc0 lD mcIcj IB0IVI0u8 cXQcIIcBCc. Xcl lhIS 0ISlIBC-
lIDB IS 0uDIDuS. B WDIXS WIlh lhc 0IgBIlj D cDcDS muSIC, 0IcIcBlI8lIDB~
WhICh lD uBlulDIc0 cmS 08m8gcS lhc DD]cClIVIlj D lhc CDBlcBlIS D 8 QIcCc WIlh
lhc 0cVcDQIBg C8Q8CIlj lD Sh8Qc lhc WDIX mDIc QIcCIScj, lD QuIgc Il D 8 IcSI0uc
D lhc SChcm8lIC, 8B0 QIcCIScj lhIS IS Wh8l IS C8c0 DD]cClIV8lIDB. 1BlIm8lc cXQc-
IIcBCc D 8ulhcBlIC mD0cD 8Il DScS lhc ccIBg D CDBlIBgcBCj lh8l mIScS 8S DBg
8S 8 8Bgu8gc IS QcICcIVc0 lD Dc BcCcSS8Ij lh8l h8S BDl DccB 0cmDIShc0 SImQj Dj
lhc SuD]cClIVc Bcc0 DI cXQIcSSIDB Dul I8lhcI Dj lhIS Bcc0 IB lhc QIDCcSS D DD]cClI-
V8lIOn. Lc8Iy 8IlWOIk8 lhcm8cVc8 BDl IndIcIcnt lD thc tI8n8OIm8tIOn D
lhcII DIB0IBg ccmcBl IBlD mDB80. h8l lhcj 8QQc8I lD DcCDmc mDIc IB0IDcIcBl IS
BDl SImQj Uc IcSul D lhcII 0ImIBIShIBg SDCI8 ccCl. hcIc IS Ic8SDB lD lhIBX
lh8l WDIXS, lhIDugh lhc ShIl lD QuIc Imm8BcBCc, DIcIl lhcII CDchCIcBl D IIC-
lIDB, 8B ccmcBl D lhcII cSScBCc, lh8l lhcj 8SD DcCDmc mDIc IB0IDcIcBl IB lhcm-
ScVcS. MDWcVcI, lh8l I80IC8j 8DSU8Cl Im8gcS C8u Dc 0ISQ8jc0 IB QuDIC SQ8CcS
WIlhDul IIIIl8lIBg 8BjDBc 0DcS BDl ]uSlIj 8Bj IcSlDI8lIDB D IcQIcScBl8lIDB8 8Il,
WhICh IS 8 QIIDD CDmDIlIBg cVcB WhcB Lhc LucV8I8 IS ChDScB DI lhc gD8 D IcC-
DBCII8lIDB WIlh lhc DD]cCl. IB8j, QIDgIcSS IS BDl DBj lh8l D lhc 0DmIB8lIDB D
m8lcII8 8B0 SQIIIlu8IZ8lIDB Dul 8SD lhc QIDgIcSS D SQIIIl IB McgcS ScBSc D lhc
CDBSCIDuSBcSS D cc0Dm. hclhcI lhc 0DmIB8UDB D lhc m8lcII8 IB cclhDVcB
gOS DcjDB0 lh8l IB 8Ch C8B Dc 0ISQulc0 cB0cSSj, WIlh Icgm0 lD V8IIDuS 0ImcB-
SIDBS, c8Ch h80 SuQcIIDI m8SlcIj D lhc m8lcII8. PlhDugh lhc QucSlIDB D WhDm
lD I8BX hIghcI IS I0c, lhc S8mc C8BBDl Dc S8I0 D lhc IBSIghl lh8l lhc VDICc D lhc
m8luIIlj D lhc SuD]cCl, lhc cm8BCIQ8lIDB Dm 8B0 IcCDBCII8lIDB WIlh mjlh ~lh8l
IS, lhc lIulh CDBlcBlIc8Chc0 8 hIghcI 0cVcDQmcBl IB cclhDVcB lh8u IB 8Ch.
hIS CIIlcIIDB SuIQ8SScS 8 DlhcIS.
hc 8cSlhclIC B8mc DI m8SlcIj DVcI m8lcII8~lcChBIguc, 8 DDIIDWIBg IDm 8B-
lIQuIlj, WhICh I8BXc0 lhc 8IlS 8mDBg 8IlIS8B8 8ClIVIlIcS ~IS D IcCcBl 08lc IB IlS
LNVLK5AL ANO AKTCULAK | Zl J
QIcScBl 8CCcQl8lIDB. l Dc8IS lhc U8CcS D 8 Qh8Sc IB WhICh, 8B8D_DuS lD SCIcBCc,
mclhD0S WcIc CDBSI0cIc0 lD Dc IB0cQcB0cBl D UcII DD]cCl. B IcUDSQcCl, 8 8IlIS-
lIC QIDCc0uIcS lh8l DIm lhc m8lcII8 8B0 8DW lhcmScVcS lD Dc _uI0c0 Dj Il CD8-
cSCc uB0cI lhc lcChBDD_IC8 8SQcCl, IBCu0IB_ lhDSc QIDCc0uIcS lh8l DII_IB8lc0 IB
lhc 8IlIS8B8 QI8XIS D lhc Dc0IcV8 QID0uClIDB D _DD0S, 8 QI8XIS IDm WhICh 8Il,
IcSISlIB_ IBlc_I8lIDB IBlD C8QIl8ISm, BcVcI CDmQcKj 0IVcI_c0. B M lhc lhIcSh-
D0 DclWccB CI8l 8B0 lcChBIQuc IS BDl, 8S IB m8lcII8 QID0uClIDB, 8 SUICl Qu8BlID-
C8lIDB D QIDCcSScS, WhICh IS IBCDmQ8lIDc WIlh 8IlS Qu8Il8lIVc lcDS, BDI IS Il lhc
IBlID0uClIDB D m8ChIBcS, I8lhcI, Il IS lhc QIc0DmIB8BCc D CDBSCIDuS Icc CDBUD
DVcI lhc 8cSlhclIC mc8BS, IB CDBU8Sl lD lI80IlIDB8ISm, uB0cI lhc CDVcI D WhICh
lhIS CDBlID m8luIc0. NIS-8-VIS CDBlcBl [Cehu/t] ,lhc lcChBIC8 8SQCl IS DBj DBc
8SQcCl 8mDB_ m8Bj DUcIS, BD 8IlWDIK IS BDlhIB_ Dul lhc QuIBlcSScBCc D IlS
lcChBIC8 ccmcBlS. h8l 8Bj VIcW D MlWDIKS lh8l QcICcIVcS BDlhIB_ Dul hDW
lhcj 8Ic m80c 8S ShDIl D 8cSlhclIC cXQcIIcBCc IS 80mIllc0j 8 Sl8B0M0 8QDD-
_clIC lDQDS QID cIIc0 Dj CuluI8 I0cDD_j, jcl Il BcVcIUccSS Hm8IBS Uuc IB
DQQDSIlIDB lD lhc uBClIDB8ISl VIcW D 8Il 8l lhc QDIBl WhcIc uBClIDB8ISm IS DI-
S8KcB. JcChBIQuc IS, hDWcVcI, CDBSlIlulIVc D 8D, DcC8uSc IB Il IS CDB0cBSc0 lhc
8Cl lh8l c8Ch MWDIK IS 8 hum8B 8IlI8Cl 8B0 lh8l Wh8l IS 8HISlIC IB Il DcCDmcS 8
hum8B QID0uCl. cChBIQuc 8B0 CDBlcBl muSl Dc 0ISlIB_uIShc0, Wh8l IS I0cDD_IC8
IS lhc 8DSU8ClIDB lh8l cXU8ClS lhc SuQI8lcChBIC8 Dm Wh8l IS QuIQDIlc0j mcIcj
lcChBIQuc, 8S I IB IDQDIl8Bl WDIKS lcChBIQuc 8B0 CDBlcBl 0I0 BDl QID0uCc c8Ch
DlhcI IcCIQIDC8j. bh8KcSQcMc S BDmIB8ISlIC DIc8KlhIDu_h IBlD mDIl8 8B0 IBH-
BIlcj IICh IB0IVI0u8Ilj~8S CDBlcBl~IS 8S muCh 8 uBClIDB D 8B 8BUlcClDBIC,
Qu8SI-cQIC SuCCcSSIDB D ShDIl SCcBcS 8S lhIS cQISD0IC lcChBIQuc IS uB0cI lhc CDB-
lID D lhc CDBlcBl. 8 mcl8QhjSIC8 cXQIIcBCc U8l cXQD0cS lhc mc8BIB_-_IVIB_
DI0cI D lhc D0 uBIlIcS. B lhc QDcSlj WDI0 mcSS8_c lhc 0I8cClIC8 Ic8lIDB D
COBlcBl 8B0 lcChBIQuc IS IcIDc0 8S 8 SImQc 0IChDlDmj. 6hBIQuc h8S Kcj SI_BID-
C8BCc DI lhc KBDWc0_c D 8Il, Il 8DBc c80S IcHcClIDB lD lhc IBlcIIDI D WDIKS,
lhDu_h D CDuISc DBj DB CDB0IlIDB lh8l DBc SQc8K lhcII 8B_u8_c. cC8uSc lhc
CDBlcBl IS BDl SDDclhIB_ m80c, lcChBIQuc 0DcS BDl CIICumSCIIDc 8Il 8S 8 WhDc,
jcl Il IS cXCuSIVcj IDm IlS CDBCIclIDB lh8l lhc CDBlcBl C8B Dc cXU8QD8lc0. cCh-
BIQuc IS lhc 0cDB8Dc D_uIc D lhc cBI_m8 IB MWDIKS, 8l DBCc I8lIDB8 8B0 CDB-
CcQlcSS. l 8ulhDIIZcS ]u0_mcBl IB 8 Ic_IDB lh8l 0DcS BDl m8Kc ]u0_mcBlS. LcI-
l8IBj lhc lcChBIC8 QucSlIDBS D 8IlWDIKS DcCDmc IBDBIlcj CDmQcX 8B0 C8BBDl
Dc SDVc0 DB lhc D8SIS D 8 SIB_c m8XIm. 3cl IB QIIBCIQc Ucj C8B Dc Imm8BcBlj
0cCI0c0. JcChBIQuc, 8S lhc mc8SuIc D lhc D_IC D WDIKS, IS 8SD lhc mc8SuIc D
lhc SuSQcBSIDB D D_IC. hc SuI_IC8 cXCISIDB D lcChBIQuc WDu0 SuIl 8 Vu_8I
mcBl8Ilj, Dul Il WDu0 Dc 8Sc. tDI lhc lcChBIQuc D 8 WDIK IS CDBSlIlulc0 Dj IlS
QIDDcmS, Dj lhc 8QDIclIC l8SK lh8l Il DD]cClIVcj QDScS lD IlSc. l IS DBj WIlh
Ic_8I0 lD lhIS QIDDcm U8l lhc lcChBIQuc D 8 WDIK C8B Dc 0ISCcDc0 8B0 lhc QucS-
lIDB 8BSWcIc0 8S lD WhclhcI DI BDl Il SuDCcS, ]uSl 8S IBVcIScj lhc DD]cClIVc QIDD-
cm D lhc WDIK muSl Dc IBcIIc0 IDm IlS lcChBIC8 CDmQcXIDB. hBD WDIK C8B
2!

| LNVLK5AL AN AKJLLLAK
Dc uu0cISlOO0 WIlDOul 8u uu0cISlm0Iug O IlS lcCDuIQuc, lcCDuIQuc COuVcIScly
C8uuOl Dc uu0cISlOO0 WIlDOul 8u uu0cISl8u0Iug O IDc WOIK. Dc 0cgIcc lO WDICD,
DcyOu0 lDc SQcCIDC8lIOu O 8 Q8IIICul8I WOIK, 8 lcCDuIQuc IS uuIVcIS8l OI mOu80O-
lOgIC8l V8IIcS DISlODC8lly, ycl cVcu Iu I0OlIZc0 cI8S, WDcu Slylc W8S DIu0Iug, lcCD-
uIQuc D80 lDc IcSQOuSIDIlIly O 8SSuDug lD8l Slylc 0I0 uOl 8DSU8Clly Iulc lDc WOIK
Dul culcIc0 IulO lDc 0I8lcClIC O lDc WOIKS Iu0IVI0u8lIOu. MOW muCD mOIc SIguID
C8ul lcCDuIQuc IS lh8u 8Il-8lIcu III8lIOu8lISm WOul0 lIKc lO 80mIl IS ODVIOuS Iu ID8l,
QIcSuQQOSIug lDc C8Q8CIly OI lDc cXQcIIcuCc O 8Il, cXQcDcuCc uuOl0S 8ll lDc
mOIc IICDly lDc mOIc 0ccQly COuSCIOuSucSS QcuclI8lcS lDc 8IIWOIKS lcCDuIC8l
COmQlcXIOu. 1u0cISl8u0Iug gIOWS 8lOug WIlD 8u uu0cISl8u0Iug O lDc lcCDuIC8l
lIc8lmcul O lDc WOIK. D8l COuSCIOuSucSS KIllS IS 8 uuIScIy l8lc, Ouly 8lSc COu-
SCIOuSucSS IS 8l8l . Mtier IuIlI8lly m8KcS 8II COmmcuSuI8Dlc lO COuSCIOuSucSS
DcC8uSc OI lDc mOSl Q8II Il C8u Dc lcMc0. D8l 8 lc8CDcI Du0S 8ull WIlD Iu 8
Slu0culS WOIK IS lDc DISl mO0cl O 8 l8CK O mtier;COIIcClIOuS 8Ic lDc mO0cl O
mtierIlScl. hcSc mO0clS 8Ic QIc8IIISlIC IuSO8I 8S lDcy IcC8QIlul8lc QIccSl8D-
lISDc0 Q8llcDS 8u0 IulcS, lDcy l8Kc 8 SlcQ DcyOu0 lDIS WDcu IDcy DcCOmc IDc COm-
Q8IISOu OlcCDuIC8l mc8uS WIlD lDc SOugDl-8lcI gO8l. Pl 8 QIImIIIVc lcVcl O c0u
C8lIOu, DcyOu0 WDICD, 80mIIlc0ly, lDc uSu8l Slu0y O COmQOSIlIOu I8Icly gOcS, lDc
lc8CDcI Du0S 8ull WIlD Q8I8llcl DHhS 8B0 m lhcII Ql8Cc SuggcSlS DcllcI VOICclc80Iug,
Dul I Dc IS uOl 8 Qc08ul, Dc WIll 0cmOuSlI8lc lO lDc SIu0cul lh8l Q8I8llcl DlDS 8Ic
lcgIlIm8lc 8IIISlIC mc8uS OI Iulcu0c0 ccClS, 8S Iu LcDuSSy, 8B0 lD8l cXlcD8 lO
lOu8lIly lDc QIODIDIlIOu lOScS IlS mc8uIug 8llOgclDcI. MtierullIm8lcly SlOugDS
O IlS QIOVISIOu8l, lImIlc0 SD8Qc. Dc cXQcIIcuCc0 cyc lD8l SuIYcyS 8 SCOIc OI 8
0I8WIng 8SCcIl8IuS, 8lmOSl mImclIC8lly, DcOIc 8uy 8lySIS, WDclDcI lDc OD]cl
0MI D8S mtier 8u0 IuucIY8lcS IlS lcVcl O OIm. Xcl lhIS 0OcS uOl SuHCc. Pu
8CCOuul IS ucCcSS8Iy O lDc WOIK S mtier,WDICD 8QQc8IS 8S 8 DIc8lD~lhc 8uI8 D
8IlWOIKS~Iu SlI8ugc COulI8Sl lO lDc 0Ilcll8BlcS Im8gc O 8IIISlIC SKIll. Dc 8uI8lIC
clcmcul, Q8I80OXIC8lly 8QQMcul 8B0 DOuu0 uQ WIlD mtier,IS lDc mcmOIy O lDc
D8u0 lh8l, lcu0cIly, 8lmOSl C8IcSSIugly, Q8SSc0 OVcI lDc COulOuIS O lDc WOIK 8u0,
Dy MIICul8lIug lDcm, 8lSO mOllIHc0 lDcm. DIS Icl8lIOu O 8uI8 8u0 mtierC8B Dc
DIOugDl Oul Dy 8B8lySIS, WDICD IS IlScl lO0gc0 Iu mtier.u COuU8Sl lO lDc SyulDc-
SIZIug uuClIOu O MOIKS, WDICD IS 8mIlI8I lO 8ll, lDc 8u8lylIC8l clcmcul IS
SU8ugcly IguOIc0. 1lS lOCuS IS lDc COuulcIQOlc lO SyulDcSIS, lD8l IS, Il OCuScS Ou lDc
cCOuOmy O lDc clcmculS Oul O WDICD lDc WOIK IS COmQOSc0, ycl, uO lcSS lD8u
SyulhcSIS, Il IuhcIcS OD]cClIVcly Iu lDc 8IlWOIK. Dc COu0uClOI, WDO m8lyZcS
8 WOIK Iu OI0cI lO QcIOIm Il 80cQu8lcly I8lDcI lD8B mImICKIug Il, IcC8QIlul8lcS 8
QIcCOu0IlIOu O lDc QOSSIDIlIly O lDc WOIK IlScl. Pu8lySIS QIOVI0cS ClucS lO 8
DIgDcI COuCcQl O mtier.u muSIC, OI IuSl8uCc, lDc HOW O 8 QIcCc IS COuCcDc0
WIlh WDclDcI Il IS lDOugDl Iu Iu0IVI0u8l mc8SuIcS OI Iu QDI8ScS lD8l Ic8CD OVcI 8u0
8DOVc lDcm, OI WDclDcI ImQulScS 8Ic OllOWc0 lhIOugD 8B0 QuISuc0 I8lDcI Ih8B
DcIug lcl lO QclcI Oul Iu Q8lCDWOIK. DIS mOVcmcul Iu lDc COuCcQl O lcCDuIQuc
QIOVI0cS IDc Uuc rudasudFumussam. Luly Iu lDc COuISc O 8u 8cSlDclIC C8Su-
UNlVLK5AlANDPAK1CUlAK , ZI
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IB lhc Bcg8lIVc lhc B8\Vc QucSlIOB WhclhcI blI8uSS W8S BOl lO Dc 80mIIc0 8l c8Sl
OI hIS lcChBIQuc, hc QOIBlc0 uQ lhc IDIlI8IIBcSS O bU8uSS S mclhO0, WhICh C8Ic-
Hj C8Cu8lcS 8 ScIIcS O ccClS WIlhOul SccIBg lO Il lh8l, IB QuIcj muSIC8
lcImS, OBc cVcBl cmcIgcS HOm, OI IS m80c IcQuISIlc Dj, 8BOlhcI. hIS lcChBIC8
CIIlIQuc O hIghj lcChRIC8 WOIXS ODVIOuSj 0ISIcg8I0S 8 COBCcQlIOB O COmQOSI-
lIOB lh8l 8SScIlS lhc QIIBCIQc O ShOCX 8S uB08mcBl8 8B0 8CH8j lI8BScIS lhc
uBIlj O lhc COmQOSIlIOB IBlO lhc III8lIOB8 SuSQcBSIOB O Wh8l U80IlIOB8 Sljc
C8c0 OgIC8Ilj, uBIlj. l COu0 Dc 8Iguc0 lh8l lhIS COBCcQl O lcChBIQuc IgBOIcS
lhc Imm8BcBCc O lhc WOIX 8B0 h8S cXlcD8! OIIgIBS, SQcCIDC8j IB lhc I0c8 O 8
SChOO lh8l, !IXc bChOcBDcIg S, 8B8ChIOBISlIC8j m8IBl8IBS lhc I0c8 O 0cVc!OQIBg
V8II8lIOB, 8 VcSlIgc O U80IlIOB8 muSIC8 OgIC, IB OI0cI lO mODIIZc Il 8g8IBSl
lI80IlIOB. ul lhIS IgumcBl 8VOI0S lhc 8Clu8 8IlISlIC ISSuc. cIg S CIIlIQuc O
blI8uSS S mtierhIlS lhc m8IX DcC8uSc WhOcVcI IcuScS OgIC IS IBC8Q8Dc O lhc
c8DOI8lIOB O lhc WOIX lh8l ScIVcS lh8l mtierlO WhICh bU8uSS hImSc W8S COm-
mIllc0. Iuc, 8Ic80j IB cI!IOZ lhc DIc8XS 8B0 c8QS O lhc imprvuWcIc SOughl
8HcI, lhcj 8l lhc S8mc lImc 0ISHQl lhc lhIuSl O lhc muSIC S COuISc, WhICh IS Ic-
Q8Cc0 Dj lhc lmSlIBg gcSluIc. NuSIC OIg8BIZc0 IB SuCh lcmQOI8-0jB8mC 8Sh-
IOB 8S lh8l O blI8uSS IS IBCOmQ8lIDc WIlh 8 COmQOSIlIOB8 mclhO0 lh8l 0OcS BOl
COhcIcBlj OIg8RIZc lcmQOI8 SuCCcSSIOB. LB0S 8B0 mc8BS 8Ic COBlI80IClOIj. hc
COBlI80IClIOB C8BBOl Dc 8SSu8gc0 SImQj WIlhIB lhc Ic8m O mc8BS, Dul IBSlc80
cXlcB0S lO lhc gO8 IlSc, lhc gOIIhC8lIOB O COBlIBgcBCj, WhICh CccDI8lcS 8S
8B uBcBCumDcIc0 Ic SOmclhIBg lh8l IS BO mOIc lh8B lhc 8B8IChj O COmmO0Ilj
QIO0uClIOB 8B0 lhc DIul8Ilj O lhOSc WhO COBlIO Il. hcIc IS 8 8Sc COBCcQl O
COBlIBuIlj ImQICIl IB lhc VIcW O 8IlISlIC lcChBIQuc 8S 8 SlI8Ighl IBc O QIOgIcSS
IB0cQcB0cBl IOm COBlcBl, mOVcmcBlS cSQOuSIBg lhc IDcI8lIOB O lcChBIQuc 8Ic
C8Q8Dc O DcIBg 8cClc0 Dj lhc uBlIulh O lhc COBlcBl. JuSl hOW IBW8I0j lcCh-
BIQuc 8B0 COBlcBlCOBlI8Ij lO 8CCcQlc0 OQIBIOB8Ic mulu8!j 0cDBIBg W8S cX
QIcSSc0 Dj cclhOVcB WhcB hc S8I0 lh8l m8Bj O lhc ccClS lh8l 8Ic COmmOBj
8llIIDulc0 lO lhc B8luI8! gcBIuS O lhc COmQOScI 8Ic IB Uulh 0uc lO lhc 80IOIl uSc O
lhc 0ImIBIShc0 ScVcBlh ChOI0, lhc 0IgBIlj O SuCh SODcI 8SScSSmcBl COB0cmBS 8
lhc Ch8llcI 8DOul CIc8lIVIlj, cclhOVcB S OD]cClIVIlj W8S lhc DISl lImc ]uSlICc W8S
0OBc cQu8!j lO 8cSlhclIC IuSIOB 8B0 lhc I!uSIOB!cSS. c IcCOgBIlIOB O IBCOBSIS-
lcBCIcS DclWccB lcChBIQuc8B 8DWOIX S IBlcBlIOB, cSQcCI8!j IlS cXQIcSSIVc-
mImclIC 0ImcBSIOB8B0 IlS lIulh COBlcBl SOmclImcS QIOVOXcS IcVOlS 8g8IBSl
lcChBIQuc. bc-cm8BCIQ8lIOB 8l lhc QIICc O IlS gO8 IS cB0OgcBOuS lO lhc COBCcQl
O lcChBIQuc. l h8S 8 QIOQcBSIlj lO DcCOmc 8B cB0-IB-IlSc 8S 8 SOIl O COBlcBlcSS
QIODCIcBCj. 8uVISm W8S 8 Ic8ClIOB 8g8IBSl lhIS IB Q8IBlIBg, lhc 8B8OgOuS Ic8C
lIOB IB muSIC W8S lhc IISc O bChOcBDcIg S Icc 8lOB8Ilj IB OQQOSIlIOB lO lhc OI-
ChcSlI8 DIII8RCc O lhc neu-JeutschSChOO . B hIS cSS8j IODcmS IB c8ChIBg
PIl, bChOcBDcIg~WhO, mOIc lh8B 8Bj OlhcI muSICI8B O hIS cQOCh, IBSISlc0
OB COBSISlcBl CI8lSm8BShIQcXQIcSSj 8ll8CXc0 DIB0 8Ilh IB lcChBIQuc. HcIDc0
Zl . UNVLK5ALANUlAK1LULAK
lcChBIQuc SDmclImcS QIDVDKcS CDIIcClIVcS lh8l DDI0cI DB lhc WIl0, lhc D8ID8IIC,
lhc lcChBIC8y QIImIlIVc 8B0 8Il-8lIcB. h8l C8B lIuy Dc C8c0 mD0cD m W8S
huIc0 Dul Dy lhIS QIImIlIVc ImQuSc, WhICh, DcC8uSc Il CDu0 BDl 0DmcSlIC8lc Il-
Sc, lI8BSDImc0 IlSc 8l cVcIy QDIBl DBCc 8_8IB IBlD lcChBIQuc. 3cl lhIS ImQuSc
W8S IB BD W8y Ic_IcSSIVc. cChBIQuc IS BDl 8B 8DuB08BCc D mc8BS Dul I8lhcI lhc
8CCumu8lc0 C8Q8CIly lD Dc SuIlc0 lD Wh8l lhc DD]cCl IlSc 0cm8B0S. hIS I0c8 D
lcChBIQuc IS SDmclImcS DcllcI ScIVc0 Dy lhc Ic0uClIDB D mc8BS lh8B Dy QIIB_ Il
uQ 8B0 cXh8uSlIB_ lDc WDIK. bChDcBDcI_S cCDBDmIC8 I8BD IcCcS, DQ. , WIlh
8l lhc WDB0cIH uB_8IBlIBcSS D lhcII IBBDV8lIVcBcSS, 8Ic lcChBIC8y SuQcIIDI lD
lhc DIChcSlI8lIDB D blI8uSSS He/Jen/eben, D WhICh DBy 8 Q8Il D lhc SCDIc IS
8CDuSlIC8y QcICcQlIDc, hcIc lhc mc8BS 8Ic BD DB_cI 80cQu8lc cVcB lD lhcII mDSl
Immc0I8lc cB0, lhc SDuB0IB_ 8QQc8I8BCc D Wh8l IS Im8_IBc0. l IS QDSSIDc lh8l
lhc m8luIc bChDcBDcI_S ScCDB0 lcChBIQuc, lhc lWcVc-lDBc SySlcm, cl ShDIl D
Wh8l W8S 8ChIcVc0 Dy lhc cMIcI 8Cl D SuSQcBSIDB IBVDVc0 IB hIS DISl lcChBIQuc,
8lDB8Ily. ul cVcB lDc cm8BCIQ8lIDB D lcCDBIQuc, WhICh 0I8WS lcChBIQuc IBlD IlS
Q8IlICuM 0I8cClIC, IS BDl SImQy lhc DII_IB8 SIB D IDulIBc, WhICh IS hDW Il 8Q-
Qc8IS lD lhc uB8Dyc0 Bcc0 DI cXQIcSSIDB. cC8uSc D IlS ClDSc DDB0 WIlh CDBlcBl,
lcChBIQuc h8S 8 c_IlIm8lc Ic D IlS DWB. B lhc QIDCcSS D Ch8B_c, 8Il h8DIlu8ly
DB0S IlSc IB Bcc0 D lhDSc ccmcBlS lh8l Il W8S QIcVIDuSy DDI_c0 lD IcBDuBCc.
hIS BcIlhcI cXQ8IBS BDI cXCuScS lhc 8Cl lh8l lD 08lc, 8IlISlIC IcVDulIDBS h8Vc
DccB Ic8ClIDB8Iy, Dul Il IS CcIl8IBy DDuB0 uQ WIlh Il. IDhIDIlIDBS, IBCu0IB_ lhc
QIDhIDIlIDB DB uXuII8lIB_ QcBlIlu0c 8B0 CDmQcXIly, h8Vc 8 Ic_IcSSIVc 8SQcCl,
lhIS IS DBc D lhc Ic8SDBS Why QIDhIDIlIDB, hDWcVcI S8luI8lc0 Il m8y Dc WIlh Ic-
uS8 , ulIm8lcy CD8QScS. hS COBSlIlulC8 OnC O lh0 dImcn8IOn8 In Uc QtOCc88
D DD]cClIV8lIDB. hcB, SDmc lcB yc8IS 8lcI DI0 M , CDmQDScIS h80 h80
cBDu_h D QDSl-cDcD8B QDIBlIISm~8 SlIIKIB_ cX8mQc D WhICh IS DucZ S
Murteuusunsmtre~lhc QHCcSS IcQc8lc0 IlSc, lhIS lImc 8S lhc CIIlIQuc D lhc
I0cDD_y D 8By 8DSDulc BcW Dc_IBBIB_, D Sl8IlIB_ Dul WIlh 8 Cc8B S8lc. tDuI
0cC80cS c8IIcI lhc lI8BSIlIDB IDm IC8SSDS Demoise//esJ'AvinonlD SyBlhclIC
CuDISm m8y h8Vc h80 8 Ic8lc0 mc8BIB_. hc S8mc hISlDIIC8 cXQcIIcBCcS 8Ic
cXQIcSSc0 IB lhc IISc 8B0 8 D lcChBIC8 8cI_IcS 8S 8Ic cXQIcSSc0 IB lhc CDBlcBl,
IB UIS, CDBlcBl CDmmuBIC8lcS WIlh lcChBIQuc. -8BlS I0c8 D QuIQDScuBcSS,
WhICh 8S hc CDBCcIVc0 Il cSl8DIShc0 lhc CDBBcClIDB DclWccB 8Il 8B0 lhc IBlcIIDI D
B8luIc, IS mDSl CDScy Ic8lc0 lD lcChBIQuc. cChBIQuc IS lh8l WhcIcDy 8IlWDIKS
8Ic DI_8BIZc0 8S QuIQDScu IB 8 W8y lh8l IS 0cBIc0 lD cmQIIIC cXISlcBCc, DBy
lhIDu_h lcChBIQuc 0D lhcy DcCDmc QuIQDScul. cC8uSc D IlS SDDIIcly lhc cmQh8-
SIS DB lcChBIQuc IB 8Il 8IcB8lcS QhIISlIBcS. l m8KcS 8Il S QIDVcB8BCc IB QIDS8IC
QI8XIS~D WhICh 8Il Sl8B0S IB hDIIDI~8 lDD DDVIDuS. DDWhcIc 0DcS 8Il m8Kc
IlSc SD _uIly D IuSDIIBcSS 8S IB lhc IIIcVDC8Dc lcChBIC8 8SQcCl D IlS SDICcIy,
DI DBy lhIDu_h lcChBIQuc, lhc mc0Ium D 8IlS CIySl8IZ8lIDB, 0DcS 8Il 0ISl8BCc
IlSc IDm lhc QIDS8IC. cChBIQuc IBSuIcS lh8l lhc 8IlWDIK IS mDIc lh8B 8B 8_-
_DmcI8lIDB D Wh8l IS 8Clu8y 8V8I8Dc, 8B0 lhIS mDIc IS 8IlS CDBlcBl.
\NNLK5AL ANO lAK1LULAK Z! T
B lhc 8B_u8_c O 8Il, cXQIcSSIOBS IKc lcChBIQuc, mtier, 8B0 CI8l 8Ic SyBOBymS.
hIS QOIBlS uQ lh8l 8B8ChIOBISlIC 8SQcCl O CI8l lh8l N8CIy S mc8BChOy 0I0 BOl
OVcIOOK. h 80mIXcS SOmclhIB_ I0yIC WIlh 8IlS cXISlcBCc IB 8B 8_c IB WhICh
BOlhIB_ Uc IS 8By OB_cI QcImIllc0 lO Dc h8ImcSS. LB lhc OlhcI h8B0, hOWcVcI,
WhcBcVcI 8ulOBOmOuS 8Il h8S ScIIOuSy Scl Oul lO 8DSOID IB0uSlII8 QIOCcSScS, lhcy
h8Vc Icm8IBc0 cXlcD8 lO Il. N8SS IcQIO0uClIOB h8S IB BO W8y DcCOmc IlS Imm8-
BcBl 8W O OIm lO lhc cXlcBl lh8l I0cBlIDC8lIOB WIU lhc 8__IcSSOI WOu0 IKc
lO Su__cSl. LVcB IB Dm, IB0uSlII8 8B0 8cSlhclIC-CI8HSm8BIKc ccmcBlS 0IVcI_c
uB0cI SOCIOcCOBOmIC QIcSSuIc. hc I80IC8 IB0uSlII8IZ8lIOB O 8Il, IlS uB0ImIB
IShc0 808Ql8lIOB lO lhc 8ChIcVc0 lcChBIC8 Sl8B08I0S, COI0cS WIlh Wh8l IB 8Il Ic-
SISlS IBlc_I8lIOB. lcChBIQuc SUIVcS OI IB0uSlII8IZ8lIOB 8S IlS V8BIShIB_ QOIBl, Il
0OcS SO 8l lhc COSl O lhc Imm8BcBl c8DOI8lIOB O lhc WOIK 8B0 lhuS 8l lhc COSl O
lcChBIQuc IlSc. hIS IBSlIS IBlO 8Il 8B 8ICh8IC ccmcBl lh8l COmQIOmIScS Il. hc
8B8lIC QIc0IcClIOB lh8l _cBcI8lIOBS O yOulh h8Vc h80 OI ]8ZZ uBCOBSCIOuSy
QIOlcSlS 8_8IBSl lhIS 8B0 8l lhc S8mc lImc m8BIcSlS lhc ImQICIl COBlI80IClIOB, OI
QIO0uClIOB lh8l 808QlS lO IB0uSlIy OI, 8l lhc c8Sl, 8ClS 8S I Il h80 0OBc SO, 8S
hcQcSSy DchIB0 lhc 8IlISlIC-COmQOSIlIOB8 OICcS O QIO0uClIOB IB lcImS O IlS
OWB 8cSlhclIC COmQcXIOB. hc CuIIcBl lcB0cBCy, cVI0cBl IB mc0I8 O 8 KIB0S, lO
m8BIQu8lc 8CCI0cBl IS QIOD8Dy 8B cOIl lO 8VOI0 O0-8ShIOBc0 8B0 ccClIVcy
SuQcIDuOuS CI8HSm8BIKc mclhO0S IB 8Il WIlhOul 0cIVcIIB_ 8Il OVcI lO lhc IBSU-
mcBl8 I8lIOB8Ily O m8SS QIO0uClIOB. hc SuSQICIOuS QucSlIOB 8S lO 8Il IB lhc 8_c
O lcChBOO_y, 8S uB8VOI08Dc 8S Il IS 8 SOCI8y B81Vc SO_8B O lhc cQOCh, C8B Dc
8QQIO8Chc0 OBy Dy HDcClIOB OB lhc Ic8lIOB O 8IlWOIKS lO QuQOScuBcSS. LcI-
l8IBy 8IlWOIKS 8Ic 0cDBc0 Dy lcChBIQuc 8S SOmclhIB_ lh8l IS QuIQOScu IB IlSc.
hc WOIK S terminusuJquem, hOWcVcI, h8S IlS OCuS cXCuSIVcy IB IlSc, BOl
cXlcD8y. hcIcOIc lhc lcChBIQuc O IlS Imm8BcBl QuIQOScuBcSS 8SO Icm8IBS
WItDOut 8 QuIQOSc, WhcIc8S tcChBIQuc IlSc COBSl8Bly h8S cXlI8-8cSlhclIC lcCh-
BIQuc 8S IlS mO0c. 8BlS Q8I80OXIC8 ODu8lIOB cXQIcSScS 8B 8BlIBOmIC8 Ic8-
lIOB, lhOu_h lhc 8BlIBOmISl 0I0 BOl mmc Il cXQICIl. B lhc QIOCcSS O DcCOmIB_ IB-
CIc8SIB_y lcChBIC8, WhICh IIIcVOC8Dy DIB0S lhcm lO HBClIOB8 OImS, 8IlWOIKS
COmc IBlO COBlI80IClIOB WIlh lhcII QuIQOSccSSBcSS. B 8QQIc0 8IlS, QIO0uClS 8Ic,
OI cX8mQc, 808Qlc0 lO lDc SlIc8mIBc0 OIm lh8l ScIVcS lO Ic0uCc 8II IcSISl8BCc,
cVcB lhOu_h lhc Ch8IIS WI BOl Dc mcclIB_ WIlh lhIS IcSISl8BCc. PQQIc0 MlS ,
hOWcVcI, 8 QIOQhclIC WMIB_ OI 8Il. PIlS IIIcVOC8Dy I8lIOB8 ccmcBl, WhICh IS
COBCcBlI8lc0 8S IlS lcChBIQuc, WOIKS 8_8IBSl 8Il. l IS BOl lh8l I8lIOB8Ily KIS lhc
uBCOBSCIOuS, lhc SuDSl8BCc O 8Il, OI Wh8lcVcI, lcChBIQuc 8OBc m80c 8Il C8Q8Dc
O 80mIllIB_ lhc uBCOBSCIOuS IBlO IlSc. ul QIcCIScy Dy VIIiuc O IlS 8DSOulc
8ulOBOmy lhc I8lIOB8, QuIcy c8DOI8lc0 8IlWOIK WOu0 8BBu IlS 0IcIcBCc Om
cmQIIIC8 cXISlcBCc, WIlhOul ImIl8lIB_ Il, lhc 8IlWOIK WOu0 8SSImI8lc IlSc lO
IlS OQQOSIlc, Uc COmmO0Ily. l WOu0 Dc IB0ISlIB_uISh8Dc IOm COmQclcy uBC-
lIOB8 WOIKS cXCcQl lh8l Il WOu0 h8Vc BO QuIQOSc, 8B0 lhIS, 80mIllc0y, WOu0
SQc8K 8_8IBSl Il. hc lOl8Ily O IBBcI-8cSlhclIC QuIQOScuBcSS 0cVcOQS IBlO lhc
Zl6 L LNK5AL AN AK1LLLAK
QIDDcm O 8IlS QuIQOScuucSS DcjOuC IlS OWu SQDcIc, 8 QIODcm OI WDICD Il D8S
uO 8uSWcI. Dc ]uCgmcul DOCS lD8l lDc SUIClj lcCDuIC8 8IlWOIK COmcS lO IuIu,
8uC UOSc WOIKS lD8l IcSlIICl lDcII OWu lcCDuIQuc 8Ic IuCOuScQuculI8. hlcCDuIQuc
IS lDc QuIulcSScuCc O 8IlS 8ugu8gc, Il 8l lDc S8mc lImc IucSC8Q8Dj IQuIC8lcS IlS
8ugu8gc. u 8Il uO cSS lD8u Iu OlDcI COm8IuS lDc COuCcQl O lDc lcCDuIC8 OICc O
QIOCuClIOu C8uuOl Dc clISDIZcC. LlDcIWISc Il WOuC DcCOmc 8 IcHcX O lD8l lcCD-
uOCI8Cj U8l IS 8 OIm O COmIu8lIOu SOCI8j CISguIScC uuCcI lDc ScmD8uCc O
I8lIOu8Ilj. cCDuIC8 OICcS O QIOCuClIOu D8Vc uO V8uc Iu lDcmScVcS. Dcj
IcCcIVc lDcII ImQOIl8uCc cXCuSIVcj Iu Ic8lIOu lO lDcII QuIQOSc Iu lDc WOIK, 8uC
ulIm8lcj Iu Ic8lIOu lO lDc lIulD COulcul O WD8l D8S Dccu WIIllcu, COmQOScC, OI
Q8IulcC. L COuISc, SuCD QuIQOScuucSS O lcCDuIC8 mc8uS Iu 8Il IS uOl lI8uSQ8I-
cul. uIQOSc Olcu DICcS Iu lcCDuOOgj WIlDOul lDc 8llcIS 8CcQu8Cj lO lDc QuI-
QOSc DcIug ImmcCI8lcj 8SCcIl8Iu8Dc. DuS lDc CISCOVcIj 8uC I8QIC CcVcOQmcul
O IuSlIumcul8 lcCDuIQuc Iu lDc c8Ij uIuclcculD CculuIj DOIc lDc lcCDuOCI8lIC
lI8CcS O b8Iul-bImOuI8u lcCDuOCI8Cj. MOW lDIS IuSlIumcul8 IulcgI8lIOu O WOIKS
Iu 8 lDcII CImcuSIOuS W8S Ic8lcC lO QuQOSc Ouj DcC8mc cVICcul 8l 8 8lcI Sl8gc,
8uC 8l lD8l QOIul OuCc 8g8Iu Qu8Il8lIVcj lI8uSOImcC OICDcSlI8 lcCDuIQuc. 1u 8Il
lDc culWIucmcul O QuIQOSc 8uC lcCDuIC8 mc8uS IS 8u 8CmOuIlIOu OI lDc CIICum-
SQcCl IuVOC8lIOu O C8lcgOII8 ]uCgmculS Ou lDcII QuIC QIO QuO. IKcWISc, Il IS
uuCcIl8Iu WDclDcI 8C8Ql8lIOu lO cXlI8-8cSlDclIC lcCDuIQuc ucCcSS8Dj 8mOuulS,
IuucI-8cSlDclIC8j, lO QIOgIcSS. DIS COuC D8ICj Dc C8ImcC Iu lDc C8Sc O lDc
Symphonie]untustique, 8 QcuC8ul lO c8Ij WOIC 8IIS, Iu COmQ8IISOu WIlD lDc
COulcmQOI8ucOuS 8lc WOIK O cclDOVcu. cgIuuIug Iu lDOSc jc8IS, lDc cIOSIOu
O! SuD]cClIVc mcCI8lIOu, WDICD 8mOSl 8W8jS 8CCOmQ8uIcS lcCDuOOgIZ8lIOu, lOOK
IlS lO Ou muSIC, 8S IS cVICcul Iu lDc 8CK O Ic8 COmQOSIlIOu8 c8DOI8lIOu Iu
cIIOZ S WOIK, lDc lcCDuOOgIC8 8HWOIK IS Dj uO mc8uS 8 QIIOII mOIc COuSISlcul
lD8u lD8l WDICD, Iu IcSQOuSc lO IuCuSlII8IZ8lIOu, luDS IuW8IC, Iulcul Ou QIOCuCIug
lDc cDcCl O 8u cDcCl WIUOul 8 C8uSc. D8l DIlS lDc m8IK Iu lDc V8IIOuS IcDcC-
lIOuS Ou 8Il Iu WD8l ]OuD8ISlS C8 lDc lcCDuOOgIC8 8gc, WDICD IS ]uSl 8S muCD
m8IKcC Dj lDc SOCI8 Ic8UOuS O QIOCuCUOu 8S Dj lDc cVc O QIOCuClIVc OICcS,
IS uOl SO muCD lDc 8CcQu8Cj O 8Il lO RCDuIC8 CcVcOQmcul 8S lDc lI8uSOIm8lIOu
O lDc cXQcIIculI8 OImS ScCImculcC u 8DWOIKS. Dc QucSlIOu IS lD8l O lDc 8cS-
lDclIC WOIC O Im8gcQ. IcIuCuSUI8 Im8gcIj IIIcUIcV8Dj D8C lO CO8QSc. Dc
SculcuCc WIU WDICD cu]8mIu S IcDcClIOuS Ou SuIIc8ISm Dcg8u1l uO OugcI
ccS IIgDl lO CIc8m 8DOul lDc Duc DOWcI gclS lO lDc Dc8Il O lDc m8l!cI. PIl IS
mImcSIS O lDc WOIC O Im8gcIj 8uC 8l lDc S8mc lImc IlS cuIgDlcumcul lDIOugD
OImS O COulIO. Dc WOIC O Im8gcIj, IlSc lDOIDugDj DISlOIIC8, IS COuc 8u Iu-
]uSlICc Dj lDc 0ClIOu O 8 WOIC O Im8gcS lD8l c8CcS lDc Ic8lIOuS Iu WDICD QcO-
Qc IVc. Dc ulIIZ8lIOu O 8V8I8Dc lcCDuIC8 mc8uS Iu 8CCOIC WIlD lDc CIIlIC8
COuSCIOuSucSS O 8Il COS uOl OcI 8 SOulIOu lO lDc QIODcm WDclDcI 8uC DOW 8Il
IS QOSSIDc lD8l, 8S 8u uucCuC8Dc IuuDcuCc lDIuKS O Il, WOuC Dc IccV8ul Iu
lOC8j S WOIC, Ou lDc COuU8Ij, 8uj SOulIOu Ccm8uCS lDc 8ulDculICIlj O 8 OIm O
LNVK5AL ANO AKTILLLAK c 2!
cXQcIIcBCc lh8l 0OcS BOl 8j C8Im lO 8B Immc0I8Cj Il h8S OSl. O08j Immc0I8Cj
O 8cSlhclIC COmQOIlmcBl IS cXCuSIVcj 8B Immc0I8lc Ic8lIOBShIQ lO lhc uBIVcI-
S8j mc0I8lc0. h8l lO08j 8Bj W8K IB lhc WOO0S, uBcSS c8DOI8lc Q8BS h8Vc
DccB m80c lO SccK Oul lhc mOSl IcmOlc OIcSlS, IS 8CCOmQ8BIc0 Dj lhc SOuB0 O ]cl
cBgIBcS OVcIhc80 BOl OBj 0cSlIOjS lhc 8Clu8Ilj O B8luIc 8S, OI IBSl8BCc, 8B OD-
]cCl O QOclIC CccDI8lIOB. l 8cClS lhc mmclIC ImQuSc. P8luIc QOclIj IS 8B8Ch-
IOBISlIC BOl OBj 8S 8 SuD]cCl. lS lIulh COBlcBl h8S V8BIShc0. hIS m8j hcQ C8IIj
lhc 8BOIg8BIC 8SQcCl O cCKcllS 8S Wc 8S O Lc8B S QOclIj. l jcMS BcIlhcI OI
B8luIc BOI OI IB0uSUj, Il IS QIcCIScj lhc IBlcgI8lIOB O Uc 8llcI lh8l c80S lO QDU-
Z8lIOB, WhICh W8S 8Ic80j 8 0ImcBSIOB O ImQIcSSIOBISm, 8B0 COBUIDulcS IlS Q8Il
lO m8KIBg Qc8Cc WIlh & uBQc8Ccu WOI0. P, 8S 8B 8BlICIQ8lOIj OIm O Ic8C-
lIOB, IS BO OBgcI 8DcI Il cVcI W8SlO cmDO0j QISlIBc B8luIc OI lhc IB0uSlIj
lh8l h8S SCOIChc0 Il, lhc ImQOSSIDIIlj O DOlh IS QIOD8Dj lhc hI00cB 8W O 8cS-
lhclIC BOBIcQIcScBl8lIOB8ISm. hc Im8gcS O lhc QOSlIB0uSlII8 WOI0 8Ic lhOSc O
8 COIQSc, lhcj W8Bl lO 8VcIl 8lOmIC W8I Dj D8BBIBg Il, ]uSl 8S OIlj jcMS 8gO SuI-
Ic8ISm SOughl lO S8Vc 8IIS lhIOugh lhc Im8gc O COWS gI8ZIBg IB lhc SUcclS, lhc
S8mc COWS 8lcI WhICh lhc QcOQc O DOmDc0-Oul cIIB IcD8QlIZc0 Kaqrsten-
dumm8S Kudumm.B Ic8lIOB lO IlS lcOS, 8 8cSlhclIC lcChBIQuc 8S uB0cI lhc
Sh80OW O III8lIOB8Ilj, WhICh IS lhc OQQOSIlc O lh8l OI WhICh 8cSlhclIC III8lIOB8-
ISm CIIlICIZcS lcChBIQuc, 8B0 lhIS Sh80OW IS 8B8lhcm8 lO lcChBIQuc. L COuISc, 8B
ccmcBl O uBIVcIS8Ilj C8BBOl Dc cImB8lc0 HOm lcChBIQuc 8Bj mOIc lh8B HOm
lhc mOVcmcBl O BOmIB8ISm 8S 8 WhOc. LuDISm 8B0 COmQOSIlIOB WIlh lWcVc
lOBcS Ic8lc0 OBj lO OBc 8BOlhcI 8Ic, IB lcImS O lhcII I0c8, uBIVcIS8 QIOCc0uIcS
IB lhc 8gc O lhc Bcg8lIOB O 8cSlhclIC uBIVcIS8Ilj. hc lcBSIOB DclWccB OD]cClI-
V8lIBg lcChBIQuc 8B0 lhc mImclIC cSScBCc O 8IlWOIKS IS Oughl Oul IB lhc cOIl lO
S8Vc lhc DcclIBg, lhc cQhcmcI8, lhc lI8BSIlOIj IB 8 OIm lh8l IS ImmuBc lO IcIRC8-
lIOB 8Bd jcl 8kIB lO Il IB DcIBg QcIm8BcBl. 1l IS QIOD8Dj OBj IB lhIS bISjQhc8B
SlIuggc lh8l lhc COBCcQl O 8IlISlIC lcChBQuc lOOK Sh8[, Il IS 8KIB lO lhc lOuI 0c
OICc. hIS IS lhc OC8 QOIBl O N8cIjS lhcOIj, 8 I8lIOB8 lhcOIj O 8cSUclIC III8-
lIOB8Ilj. BCI0cBl8j, 8IlS ImQuSc lO OD]cClIV8lc lhc DcclIBg, BOl lhc QcIm8BcBl,
m8j Wc IuB lhIOugh lhc WhOc O IlS hISlOIj. Mcgc 8Ic0 lO IcCOgBIZc lhIS 8B0
OI lhIS Ic8SOB, IB lhc mI0Sl O 0I8cClICS, 8Ic0 lO IcCOgBIZc lhc lcmQOI8 COIc O
8IlS lIulh COBlcBl. hc SuD]cClIVIZ8lIOB O Ml lhIOughOul lhc BIBclccBlh CcBluIj,
WhICh 8l lhc S8mc lImc uBDOuB0 IlS lcChBIC8 OICcS O QIO0uClIOB, 0I0 BOl S8CII-
DCc lhc OD]cClIVc I0c8 O Ml Dul I8lhcI, Dj DIBgIBg Il uj IBlO lmc, Scl Il IB
Sh8IQcI, QuIcI IcIc lh8B 8Bj C8SSICISl QuIIlj cVcI 8ChIcVc0. huS lhc gIc8lcSl ]uS-
lICc lh8l W8S 0OBc lO lhc mmclIC ImQuSc DcCOmcS lhc gIc8lcSl IB]uSlICc, DcC8uSc
QcIm8BcBCc, OD]cClIV8lIOB, ulIm8lcj Bcg8lcS lhc mImclIC ImQuSc. Xcl lhc guIl
OI lhIS IS DODc BOl Dj 8IlS Qul8lIVc 0cCIBc Dul Dj lhc I0c8 O 8Il IlSc.
PcSlhclIC BOmIB8ISm IS 8 QIOCcSS lh8l lI8BSQIIcS IB lhc OIm 8B0 lh8l ulIm8lcj
DcCOmcS OIm, cVcB hcIc lhc uBIVcIS8 8B0 lhc Q8IlICu8I 8Ic mc0I8lc0. hc BOmI-
B8ISlIC QIOhIDIlIOBS OB QIc0cRBc0 OImS 8Ic, 8S QIcSCIIQlIOBS, C8BOBIC8. hc CII
ZZ | UNVLK5AL AN PAKJCULAK
lIQuc D DImS IS culWIuc0 WIlh lhc CIIlIQuc D lhcII DIm8 80cQu8Cj. IDlDljQIC8
Iu lhIS Icg8I0 IS lhc 0ISlIuClIDu DclWccu CDSc0 8u0 DQcu DImS, WhICh IS IccV8ul
lD 8 lhcDIj D DIm. LQcu DImS 8Ic lhDSc uuIVcIS8 gcuIc C8lcgDIIcS lh8l SccK 8u
cQuIIDIIum WIlh lhc uDmIu8ISlIC CIIlIQuc D uuIVcIS8Ilj lh8l IS Duu0c0 Du lhc
cXQcIIcuCc Ih81 lhc uuIlj D lhc uuIVcIS8 8u0 lhc Q8IlICu8I, WhICh IS C8Imc0 Dj
8IIWDIKS, Hu0mcul8j 8IS. D QIcgIVcu uuIVcIS8 uuQIDlcSlIugj IcCcIVcS 8
Q8IIICuI lh8l 0DcS uDl 0cIIVc Dm 8 gcuIc. hc QcIQclu8lc0 uuIVcIS8Ilj D DImS
DcCDmcS IuCDmQ8lIDc WIlh DIm S DWu mc8uIug, lhc QIDmISc D SDmclhIug
IDuu0c0, DVcI8IChIug, 8u0 D8uCc0 IS uDl HDc0. tDI lhIS IS 8 QIDmISc m80c lD
Wh8l IS hclcIDgcucDuS lD lhc DImS, WhICh QIDD8Dj ucVcI lDcI8lc0 I0culIlj WIlh
lhcm. tDImS lh8l I8llc Du 8lcI lhcII mOmcul IS Q8Sl 0D lhc DIm IlSc Iu]uSlICc.
DIm lh8l h8S DcCDmc IcIDc0 WIlh Icg8I0 lD IlS DlhcI IS uD DugcI DIm. hc SPuSc
D DIm Iu 8Ch, WhD Iu m8uj IcgI0S DQQDSc0 DDuIgcDIS uDmIu8ISm, 0I0 uDl
CDuSISl Iu ShDWIug IcSQcCl DI lI80IlIDu8 DImS Dul I8lhcI Iu KccQIug lhcm Iu mD-
lIDu, DI DcllcI. Iu uDl cllIug lhcm h8I0cu Iu lhc DISl Q8Cc, 8Ch W8S uDmIu8ISlIC
Du lhc D8SIS D hIS ScuSc D DIm. P uDl uBI8uCDIDuS CIChc QI8IScS lhc uDVc DI IlS
gIl D DIm, jcl lhc CIChc h8S IlS ]uSlIDC8lIDu uDl Iu lhc uDVc S h8QQj m8uIQu8-
lIDu D DImS Dul Iu IlS C8Q8CIlj DI m8Iul8IuIug lhc 8DIIlj D DImS lD Wh8l IS
DImc0, D jIc0Iug lD Il Dul D ScuSu8 SjmQ8lhj I8lhcI lh8u SImQj l8mIug Il. hc
ScuSc DI DImS IuSlIuClS Du lhcII QIDDcm8lIC. lh8l lhc DcgIuuIug 8u0 cu0 D 8 mu-
SIC8 QhI8Sc, lhc D88uCc0 CDmQDSIlIDu D 8 Q8IulIug, Sl8gc IIluS SuCh 8S 0c8lh DI
mIII8gc D hcIDS 8Ic V8Iu DcC8uSc lhcj 8Ic 8IDIlI8Ij. h8l IS Sh8Qc0 0DcS uDl
hDuDI lhc DIm lh8l Sh8QcS. h,hDWcVcI, lhc IcuuuCI8lIDu D IIlu8 Iu lhc I0c8 D 8u
DQcu gcBIcWhICh IS IlSc Dlcu CDuVculIDu8 cuDugh, IKc lhc IDu0DIS Icc D
lhc Ic D ucCcSSIlj, lhc I0c8 D lhc gcuIc DcCDmcS 8 lhc mDIc cXQDSc0 lD CDulIu-
gcuCj. hc uDmIu8ISlIC IlWDIK ShDu0 DcCDmc 8u 8IlWDIK Dj DcIug DIg8uIZc0
IDm DcDW lD 8DDVc, uDl Dj h8VIug QIIuCIQcS D DIg8uIZ8lIDu DISlc0 Du Il. ul uD
8IlWDIK cl DIu0j lD IlSc QDSScSScS Uc QDWcI D DIg8uIZ8lIDu lh8l WDu0 Scl uQ
DIu0Iug DDuu08IIcS DI IlSc. uVcSlIug lhc WDIK WIlh SuCh 8 QDWcI WDu0 Iu 8Cl
Dc clIShISlIC. LuChcCKc0 8cSlhclIC uDmIu8ISm IQuI08lcS]uSl 8S QhIDSDQhIC8
CIIlIQuc 0DcS WIlh Icg8I0 lD PIISlDlc~8 DImS 8S 8 Icmu8ul D 8 SQIIIlu8 DcIug-
Iu-IlSc. 1l lcImIu8lcS Iu 8 IlcI8 8ClICIlj, 8u0 lhIS IS IIIcCDuCI8Dc WIlh 8II. u 8u
IlISl WIlh lhc IuCDmQI8Dc cVc D DIm D NDZMl Il WDu0 Dc QDSSIDc lD ShDW
hDW CDScj lh8l 8IIISl
'
S mDSl 08IIug 8u0 lhuS mDSl 8ulhculIC DIm SDCluIcS
VcIgc Du uDmIu8ISlIC CD8QSc. hc 8IlI8Clu8 Ch8I8ClcI D lhc 8IlWDIK IS IuCDm-
Q8lIDc WIlh lhc QDSlu8lc D QuIc IcIuQuIShmcul lD lhc m8lcII8. j DcIug SDmc-
UIug m80c, IlWDIKS 8CQuIIc lh8l ccmcul D DIg8uIZ8lIDu, D DcIug SDmclhIug 0I-
IcClc0
'
Iu lhc 0I8m8luIgIC8 ScuSc, lh8l IS 8u8lhcm8 lD lhc uDmIu8ISlIC ScuSIDIIlj.
hc hISlDIIC8 8QDII8 D 8cSlhclIC uDmIu8ISm CumIu8lcS Iu Uc IuSuDCIcuCj D
DQcu DImS, 8 SlIIKIug cX8mQc D WhICh IS IcChl
'
S 0IDCulj Iu WIIlIug CDuVIuC-
Iug CDuCuSIDuS lD hIS Q8jS. P Qu8Il8lIVc c8Q Iu lDc gcucI8 lcu0cuCj lD DQcu
DIm IS, mDIcDVcI, uDl lD Dc DVcIDDKc0. hc D0cI DQcu DDS WcIc D8Sc0 Du lI8-
UNIVLK5ALANPAK1ILULAK ' 22l
0IlIDB8 DDS lh8l lhcj mD0IHc0 Dul IDm WhICh lhcj m8IBl8IBc0 mDIc lh8B ]uSl
lhc cXlcD8 U8QQIBgS. hc C8SSIC8 NIcBBcSc SDB8l8 W8S 8 0jB8mIC jcl CDSc0
DIm, 8B0 lhIS CDSuIc W8S QIcC8IIDuS, lDc IDB0D, WIlh lhc IBlcBlIDB8 Hcc0Dm IB
lhc 8lcD8lIDB D IcI8IB 8B0 CDuQclS, W8S 8 0cCI0c0j DQcB DIm. P lhc S8mc,
IB lhc DDcI D Wh8l W8S CDmQDSc0, lhc 0IcIcBCc W8S BDl SD SuDSl8BlI8. IDm
cclhDVcB lD N8hcI, lhc SDB8l8 IDB0D W8S muCh cmQDjc0, WhICh U8BSQ8Blc0
lhc 0cVcDQmcBl ScClIDB D lhc SDB8l8 lD lhc IDB0D, lhuS D88BCIBg D lhc Q8ju-
BcSS D lhc DQcB DIm WIlD lhc DIB0IBgBcSS D lhc CDSc0 DIm. hIS W8S QDSSIDc
DcC8uSc lhc IDB0D DIm W8S IlSc BcVcI IlcI8j Qc0gc0 lD CDBlIBgcBCj Dul
I8lhcI, IB lhc SQul D 8 BDmIB8ISlIC 8gc 8B0 IB IcCDcClIDB D lhc muCh D0cI
SQIIIl D lhc IDuB0c0 C8BDB, lhc 8lcD8lIDB DclWccB ChDII 8B0 SDDISl 808Qlc0 lD
lhc 0cm8B0 DI 8B 8DScBCc D CDBSlI8IBl IB 8B cSl8DIShc0 DD. hc IDB0D cBl
IlSc DcHcI lD Chc8Q Sl8B08I0IZ8lIDB lh8B 0I0 lhc 0jB8mIC8j 0cVcDQIBg SDB8l8,
WhDSc 0jB8mIC, IB SQIlc D IlS CDSuIc, 0I0 BDl QImIl ljQIHC8lIDB. hc ScBSc D
DIm, WhICh IB lhc IDB0D 8l lhc VcIj c8Sl g8Vc lhc ImQIcSSIDB D CDBlIBgcBCj,
IcQuIIc0 guI8BlccS IB DI0cI BDl lD cXQD0c lhc gcBIc. PBlcCc0cBl DImS IB 8Ch,
SuCh 8S lhc IcSlD D hIS Itu/iun CDBCcIlD, WcIc mDIc DcXIDc, cSS IIgI0, mDIc
CDmQcXj c8DDI8lc0 lh8B WcIc NDZ8Il S IDB0DS, WhICh DcDBgc0 lD 8 8lcI Sl8gc
D BDmIB8ISm. hc Qu8Il8lIVc IcVcIS8 DCCuDc0 WhcB IB Q8Cc D lhc DXjmDIDB
D lhc DQcB DIm 8 BcW QIDCc0uIc 8QQc8Ic0 lh8l, IB0IcIcBl lD lhc gcBIcS, CDm-
Qclcj DDWc0 lhc 0DmIB8ISlIC CDmm8B0mcBl, Q8I80DXIC8j, lhc IcSulS h80
gIc8lcI CDSuD lhM lhcII CDBCII8lDIj QIc0cCcSSDIS, lhc BDmIB8ISlIC uIgc DI
8ulDcBlICIlj IcSISlS lhc Q8j DImS 8S 0cSCcB08BlS Dcu08 0IVcIlISScmcBl. hc
ScIIDuSBcSS IB cclhDVcB IS DDuIgcDIS. LDBlIBgcBCj ImQIBgc0 DB DIm. \lIm8lcj,
CDBlIBgcBCj IS 8 BClIDB D gDWIBg SUuCluI8lIDB. hIS cXQ8IBS 8QQ8IcBlj mM-
gIB8 cVcBlS SuCh 8S lhc lcmQDI8j CDBlI8ClIBg SCDQ D muSIC8 CDmQDSIlIDBS, 8S
Wc 8S lhc mIBI8luIc DIm8l D cc S DcSl WDIXS. cSIgB8lIDB VIS-8-VIS lImc 8B0
SQ8Cc g8Vc gDuB0 lD lhc CIISIS D BDmIB8ISlIC DIm uBlI Il W8S Ic0uCc0 lD 8 mcIc
QDIBl, ccClIVcj IBcIl. Action puintin, l'urt in/orme//e, 8B0 8c8lDIIC8 WDIXS
m8j h8Vc C8Dc0 lhc ccmcBl D IcSIgB8lIDB lD IlS cXlIcmc. hc 8cSlhclIC SuD]cCl
cXcmQlS IlSc D lhc DuI0cB D gIVIBg DIm lD lhc CDBlIBgcBl m8lcII8 Il cBCDuB-
lcIS, 0cSQ8IIIBg D lhc QDSSIDIIlj D uB0cIgII0IBg Il, 8B0 IBSlc80 ShIlS lhc IcSQDB-
SIDIIlj DI IlS DIg8BIZ8lIDB D8CX lD lhc CDBlIBgcBl m8lcII8 IlSc. hc g8IB hcIc IS,
hDWcVcI, 0uDIDuS. DIm QuIQDIlc0j 0ISlIc0 HDm lhc CDBlIBgcBl 8B0 lhc hclcID-
gcBcDuS IlSc Icm8IBS hclcIDgcBDuS 8B0, DI lDc 8IlWDIX, 8IDIUMj, IB IlS IRI8-
BcSS Il IS 8IcB lD 8Il. bl8lISlICS 8Ic uSc0 lD CDBSDc DI lhc 8DScBCc D U80IlIDB8
DImS. hIS SIlu8lIDB hD0S cmDc00c0 IB IlSc lhc DguIc D IlS DWB CIIlIQuc. Dm-
IB8ISlIC 8IlWDIXS CDBSl8Blj IcQuIIc lhc IBlcIVcBlIDB D lhc guI0IBg h8B0 lhcj
CDBCc8 IB lhc ScIVICc D lhcII QIIBCIQc. hc cXlIcmcj DD]cClIVc COlIQuc D Scm-
D8BCc IBCDIQDI8lcS 8B IuSDIj ccmcBl lh8l IS QcIh8QS 8S IDcVDC8Dc 8S lhc 8cS-
lhclIC ScmD8BCc D 8 8IlWDIXS. LHcB IB 8IlISlIC QID0uClS D Ch8BCc 8 BcCcSSIlj IS
ScBSc0 lD SuDDI0IB8lc lhcSc WDIXS lD, ccClIVcj, 8 SljIZIBg QIDCc0uIc D SccC-
222 c UNVLK5AL AO PAK1!CULAK
lIOB. Corrier/u/ortune:DIS IS lDc 8lcu WIIlIBg OB Uc W8 O lDc BOmIB8ISlIC
8IlWOIK. lS /ortuneIS BOlDIBg O lDc KIB0 Dul I8lDcI lD8l 8lcu SQc IOm WDICD
8IlWOIKS D8Vc lIIc0 lO cXDIC8lc lDcmScVcS cVcI SIBCc 8Il O0gc0 IlS C8Im 8g8IBSl
mjlD IB 8BlIguIlj. cclDOVcB S muSIC, WDICD W8S BO cSS 8cClc0 Dj BOmIB8ISm
lD8B W8S Mcgc S QDIOSOQDj, IS IBCOmQ8I8Dc IB lD8l lDc IBlcIVcBlIOB cB]OIBc0 Dj
lDc QIODcm8lIC O OIm IS QcImc8lc0 WIlD 8ulOBOmj, lD8l IS, WIlD lDc Icc0Om O
lDc SuD]cCl lD8l IS COmIBg lO Sc-COBSCIOuSBcSS. Mc cgIlIm8lc0 WD8l, IOm lDc
Sl8B0QOIBl O lDc 8IlWOIK lD8l W8S lO Dc 0cVcOQc0 cBlIIcj OB IlS OWB lcImS, muSl
D8Vc Sccmc0 IKc 8B 8Cl O COcICIOB OB lDc D8SIS O IlS OWB COBlcBl. PO 8IlWOIK IS
WOIlDj O IlS B8mc lD8l WOu0 DO0 8l D8j WD8l IS 8CCI0cBl8 IB RImS O IlS OWB
8W O OIm. tOI OIm IS, 8CCOI0IBg lO IlS OWB COBCcQl, lDc OIm O SOmclDIBg, 8B0
lDIS SOmcUIBg muSl BOl Dc QcImIllc0 lO DcCOmc mcIcj lDc l8ulOOgj O OIm. ul
lDc BcCcSSIlj O lDIS Ic8lIOB O OIm lO IlS OlDcI uB0cImIBcS OIm, OIm C8BBOl Scl
IlSc uQ VIS-8-VIS lDc DclcIOgcBcOuS 8S lD8l QuIIlj lD8l 8S OIm Il W8BlS lO Dc ]uSl
8S muCD 8S Il IcguIIcS lDc DclcIOgcBcOuS. Dc Imm8BcBCc O OIm IB lDc DclcIO-
gcBcOuS D8S IlS ImIlS. PcVcIlDccSS lDc DISlOIj O lDc WDOc O DOuIgcOIS 8Il W8S
BOl QOSSIDc cXCcQl 8S lDc cOIl I BOl lO SOVc lDc 8BlIBOmj O BOmIB8ISm lDcB 8l
c8Sl lO gIVc Il SD8Qc, lO WIB OIm IOm IlS Bcg8lIOB. 1B lDIS lDc DISlOIj O mO0cD
8Il IS BOl mcIcj 8B8OgOuS lO lDc DISlOIj O QDIOSOQDj. 1l IS lDc S8mc DISlOIj.
D8l Mcgc C8c0 lDc uBO0IBg O lIulD OCCuIIc
_
8S lDc S8mc QIOCcSS O uBO0-
IBg DOlD IB 8Il 8B0 QDIOSOQDj.
Dc BcCcSSIlj O DIIBgIBg 8DOul lDc OD]cClIV8lIOB O lDc BOmIB8ISlIC ccmcBl,
WDICD lDIS ccmcBl 8l lDc S8mc lImc IcSISlS, cBgcB0cIS lDc QIIBCIQc O COBSlIuC-
lOB. LOBSltuCllOB lS lhc Otm O WOIKS lh8l lS BO OBgcI ImQOScd OB lhcm Ic8dj-
m80c jcl 0OcS BOl 8IISc 0IIcClj Oul O lDcm cIlDcI, Dul I8lDcI OIIgIB8lcS IB IlS
IcDcClIOB UIOugD SuD]cClIVc Ic8SOB. MISlOIlC8j, lDc COBCcQl O COBSlIuClIOB
OIIgIB8lc0 lB m8lDcm8lICS, Il W8S 8QQIc0 lO SuDSl8BlIVc COBCcDS OI lDc DISl lImc
IB bCDcIBg S SQcCu8lIVc QDIOSOQDj, WDcIc Il W8S lO ScIVc 8S lDc COmmOB 0c-
BOmIB8lOI O lDc 0IuScj COBlIBgcBl 8B0 lDc Bcc0 OI OIm. Dc COBCcQl O COB-
SlIuClIOB IB 8Il COmcS COSc lO lDIS. cC8uSc 8Il C8B BO OBgcI Icj OB 8Bj OD]cClIV-
Ilj O uBIVcIS8S 8B0 jcl Dj IlS OWB COBCcQl IS BOBc lDc cSS lDc OD]cClIV8lIOB O
ImQuScS, OD]cClIV8lIOB DcCOmcS uBClIOB8IZc0. j 0cmOISDIBg lDc ScCuIIlj O
OImS, BOmIB8ISm m80c 8 8Il p/einuirOBg DcOIc lDIS DcC8mc 8B uBmcl8QDOIIC
SOg8B. DIBKIBg 8B0 8Il DOlD DcC8mc 0jB8mIC. l IS D8I0j 8B uB8II OVcIgcBcI8-
IZ8lIOB lO S8j lD8l BOmIB8ISlIC 8Il D8S 8 CD8BCc O OD]cClIV8lIOB OBj lDIOugD
Imm8BcBl 0cVcOQmcBl, lDIOugD lDc QIOCcSSu8 CD8I8ClcI O cVcIj Q8IlICu8I 8Il-
WOIK. jB8mIC OD]cClIV8lIOB, DOWcVcI, Uc 0clcImIB8lIOB O lDc WOIK 8S cXISlIBg
IB IlSc, IBVOVcS 8 Sl8lIC ccmcBl. B COBSDuClIOB lDc 0jB8mIC IcVcIScS COm-
Qclcj IBlO lDc Sl8lIC. Dc COBSlIuClc0 WOIK Sl8B0S SlI. POmIB8ISmS QIOgIcSS
lDuS Ic8CDcS IlS OWB ImIl. B IlcI8luIc lDc QIOlOljQc O 0jB8mIZ8lIOB W8S IB-
lIIguc, IB muSIC lDc QIOlOljQc W8S lDc 0cVcOQmcBl ScClIOB. 1B M8j0B S 0cVcOQ-
mcBlS 8 Sc-QIcOCCuQIc0 DuSjBcSS, OQ8guc lO IlSc IB lcImS O IlS OWB QuIQOSc,
UNVLK5AL ANU PAKTCULAK | ZZJ
DcC8mc 8u OD]cClIVc 0clcImIuIug D8SIS O Wh8l IS QICcIVc0 8S m cXQIcSSIOu O
SuD]cClIVc humOI. hc Iu0IVI0u8 8ClIVIlj O lhc mOlIS 8S lhcj QuISuc UcII ScQ8-
I8lc IulcIcSlS, 8 lhc WhIc 8SSuIc0 Dj 8 SOIl O IcSI0u8 OulOOgj lh8l l0IOugh lhIS
8ClIVIlj lhcj ScIVc lhc h8ImOuj O lhc WhOc, IS uumISl8K8Dj IcmuISCcul O lhc
Zc8OuS, S0IcW0, 8u0 u8IIOW-mlu0c0 0cmc8uOI O IulIIg8ulS, lhc 0cSCcu08ulS O
lhc 0umD 0cVI, hIS 0umDucSS IuhlI8lcS cVcu lhc cmQh8lIC WOIKS O 0ju8mIC
C8SSICISm, ]uSl 8S Il IugcIS Ou Iu C8QIl8ISm. hc 8cSlhclIC HuClIOu O SuCh mc8uS
W8S 0ju8mIC8j, lhIOugh 0cVcOQmcul, lO COuhIm lhc QIOCcSS Igullc0 Dj 8 uuIguc
ccmcul. hc QIcmIScS Immc0I8lcj QOSIlc0 Dj lhc WOIK Hhc0 8S IlS IcSul.
hcIc IS 8 Klu0 O CuuuIug O uuIc8SOu lh8l SlIIQS lhc IulIlg8ul O hIS u8DOW-
mIu0c0ucSS, lhc ljI8uuIC8 Iu0IVI0u8 DcCOmcS lhc 8hIm8lOu O lhc QIOCcSS. hc
IcQIISc, QcCuIMj Oug-IVc0 Iu lhc hISlOIj O muSIC, cmDO0IcS lO 8u cgu8 0cgIcc
8hIm8lIOu 8u0 ~8S Uc IcQclIlIOu O Wh8l IS cSSculI8j uuIcQc8l8Dc ImIl8lIOu.
ulIIguc 8u0 0cVcOQmcul 8Ic uOl Ouj SuD]cClIVc 8ClIVIlj, lcmQOI8 0cVcOQmcul
OI IlSc. hcj 8SO IcQIcScul uuc8Shc0, DIu0, 8u0 Sc-COuSumug Ic Iu lhc
WOIKS. Pg8IuSl Il, 8IlWOIKS 8Ic uO OugcI 8 DuW8IK. LVcIj IuUIguc, IlcI8j 8u0
DguI8lIVcj, S8jS. hIS IS hOW lhIugS lhIS IS Wh8l IlS lKc Oul lhcIc. u lhc QOI-
lI8j8 O lhIS `LOmmcul C cSl lhc uuWIllIug MlWOIK IS QImc8lc0 Dj IlS OlhcI, IlS
OWu cSScuCc, lhc mOVcmcul lOW8I0 OD]cClIV8lIOu, 8u0 IS mOlIV8lc0 Dj lh8l hclcIO-
gcucOuS OlhcI. hIS IS QOSSIDc DcC8uSc IuUguc 8u0 0cVcOQmcul, WhICh 8Ic SuD-
]cClIVc 8cSlhclIC mc8uS, Whcu lI8uSQ8ulc0 IulO lhc WOIK 8CgulIc lh8l gu8Ilj O
SuD]cClIVc OD]cClIV8lIOu lh8l lhcj h8Vc Iu lhc cXlcD8 WOI0, WhcIc lhcj IcQIO8Ch
SOCI8 8DOI 8u0 IlS u8DOW-mIu0c0ucSS WIlh IlS QOlculI8 SuQcIuIlj. hIS SuQcI-
uIlj IS lIuj lhc QOIul 8l WhICh 8Il COIuCI0cS WIlh lhc Ic8 WOI0 S DuSIucSS. O
lhc cXlcul lO WhICh 8 0I8m8 IlSc 8 SOu8l8lKc QIO0uCl O lhc DOuIgcOIS cI8 ~IS
Iu muSIC8 lcImS WOIKc0, lh8l IS, 0ISScClc0 IulO lhc Sm8cSl mOlIS 8u0 OD]cClI-
V8lc0 Iu lhcII 0ju8mIC SjulhcSIS, lO lhIS cXlcul, 8u0 tIghl IulO lhc mOSl SuDImc
mOmculS, lhc cChO O COmmO0Ilj QIO0uClIOu C8u Dc hcM0. hc COmmOu ucXuS O
lhcSc 8Il-lcChuIC8 QIOCc0uIcS 8u0 m8lcIl8 QIOCcSScS, WhICh h8S 0cVcOQc0 Iu lhc
COuISc O Iu0uSUI8IZ8lIOu, h8S jcl lO Dc C8IIhc0 Dul IS ucVcIlhccSS SlIIKIugj
cVI0cul. Ilh lhc cmcIgcuCc O IuUIguc 8u0 0cVcOQmcul, hOWcVcI, COmmO0Ilj
QIO0uClIOu uOl Ouj mIgI8lcS IulO 8IlWOIKS Iu lhc OIm O 8 hclcIOgcucOuS Ic Dul
Iu0cc0 8SO 8S lhcII OWu 8W. uOmIu8ISlIC 8IlWOIKS WcIc uuWIllIug tub/euax
conomiqaes. hIS IS lhc hISlOIICOQhIOSOQhIC8 OIIgIu O mO0cD humOI. LcI-
l8Iuj Il IS lhIOugh cXlcD8 Iu0uSlIj lh8l Ic IS IcQIO0uCc0. l IS 8 mc8uS lO 8u cu0.
ul Il SuDOI0Iu8lcS 8 cu0S uulI Il IlSc DcCOmcS 8u cu0 Iu IlSc 8u0 lIuj 8DSuI0.
hIS IS IcC8QIlu8lc0 Iu 8Il Iu lh8l lhc IulIgucS, QOlS, 8u0 0cVcOQmculS, 8S Wc 8S
lhc 0cQI8VIlj 8u0 CIImc O 0clcClIVc uOVcS, 8DSOID 8 IulcIcSl. j COulI8Sl, lRc
COuCuSIOuS lO WhICh lhcj c80 SIuK lO lhc cVc O lhc SlcIcOljQIC8. huS Ic8 Iu-
0uSlIj, WhICh Dj IlS OWu 0chuIlIOu IS Ouj 8 OI-SOmcUIug, COulI80IClS IlS OWu
0cDuIlIOu 8u0 DcCOmcS SIj Iu IlSc 8u0 II0ICuOuS DI lhc 8IlISl. hIOugh lhc
OIm O hIS hu8cS, M8j0u, Ouc O lhc gIc8lcSl COmQOScIS, ShOWc0 lhc ulIIlj O
22

| UNVLK5AL AN PAK1CU1AK
lhc 0ju8mICS Dj WhICh lhcj 8Ic OD]cClIV8lc0, 8u0 0I0 SO Iu 8 W8j lh8l DcC8mc
Q8I80Igm8lIC8 OI 8Il, lhIS IS lhc OCuS O Wh8lcVcI m8j ]uSlj Dc C8c0 humOI
Iu cclhOVcu. MOWcVcI, lhc mOIc IulIIguc 8u0 0ju8mICS DcCOmc cu0S Iu lhcm-
ScVcSIulIIguc 8Ic80j Ic8Chc0 lhc cVc O !hcm8lIC IcuZj Iu LesliuisonsJun-
ereusesthcmOIc COmIC 0O lhcj DcCOmc Iu 8Il 8S Wc, 8u0 lhc mOIc 0OcS lhc
8cCl 8SSOCI8lc0 SuD]cClIVcj WIlh lhIS 0ju8mIC ccClIVcj DcCOmc I8gc OVcI lhc
OSl Qcuuj. l DcCOmcS lhc ccmcul O Iu0IcIcuCc Iu Iu0IVI0u8lIOu. hc 0ju8mIC
QIIuCIQc, Dj mc8uS O WhICh 8Il W8S Oug 8u0 IuSISlculj ]uSlIhc0 Iu hOQIug OI
hOmcOSl8SIS DclWccu lhc uuIVcIS8 8u0 lhc Q8IlICu8I, IS Ic]cClc0. LVcu IlS m8gIC
IS ShOD 8W8j Dj lhc ScuSc OI OIm, Il DcgIuS lO Sccm IucQl. hIS cXQcIIcuCc C8u
Dc lI8Cc0 D8CK lO lhc mI00c O lhc uIuclcculh CculuIj. 8u0c8IIc, lhc 8QOOgISl
O OIm uO cSS lhm lhc QOcl O lhc viemcJeme,cXQIcSSc0 lhIS Iu lhc 0c0IC8lIOu
O LespleenJeIurisWhcu hc WIOlc lh8l hc C8u DIc8K O WhcIc hc Qc8ScS, 8u0
SO m8j

hc Ic80cI, OI h8Vc uOl SlIuug hIS W8jW8I0 WI lO lhc cu0cSS !hIc80

O SOmc uuucCCcSS8Ij QOl.
! !
h8l W8S OIg8uIZc0 Dj uOmIu8ISlIC 8Il Dj mc8uS
O 0cVcOQmcul IS SlIgm8lIZc0 8S SuQcIDuOuS OuCc lhc IulculIOu O IlS uuClIOu
IS IcCOguIZc0, 8u0 lhIS DcCOmcS 8u IIIIl8ul. Ilh !hIS COmmcul, lhc ChIc hguIc
O lhc WhOc O l 'urtpcurl 'urtccClIVcj C8QIlu8lcS. MIS JctcXlcu0S lO lhc
0ju8mIC QIIuCIQc lh8l cugcu0cIS lhc WOIK 8S 8ulOuOmOuS Iu IlSc. bIuCc lh8l
mOmcul lhc 8W O 8 8Il h8S Dccu IlS 8ulI8W. JuSl 8S OI lhc DOuIgcOIS uOmIu8ISlIC
8I!WOIK lhc ucCcSSIlj O 8 Sl8lIC OIm 0cC8jc0, hcIc Il IS lhc 8cSlhclIC 0ju8mIC lh8l
0cC8jS Iu 8CCOI0 WIlh lhc cXQcIIcuCc hISl OImu8lc0 Dj ADDcIgcI Dul D8ShIug
uQ Iu c8Ch Iuc 8u0 Sl8uZ8 O 8u0c8IIc, lh8l Ic uO OugcI cXISlS. hIS h8S uOl
Ch8ngcd In lhc 8Ilu8IIOn In WhICh COnlcmQOt8ty M Dnd8 Il8c. Ptl 8 QtOCC88u8
Ch8I8ClcI h8S Dccu OVcIl8Kcu Dj lhc CIIlIguc O ScmD8uCc, 8u0 uOl mcIcj 8S lhc
CIIlIguc O 8cSlhclIC uuIVcIS8Ilj Dul I8lhcI 8S lh8l O QIOgIcSS Iu lhc mI0Sl O Wh8l
IS cVcI-lhc-S8mc. IOCcSS h8S Dccu uum8SKc0 8S IcQclIlIOu 8u0 h8S lhuS DcCOmc
8u cmD8II8SSmcul lO 8Il. LuCIQhcIc0 Iu mO0cD 8Il IS lhc QOSlu8lc O 8u 8Il lh8l uO
OugcI COuOImS lO lhc 0IS]uuClIOu O lhc Sl8lIC 8u0 0ju8mIC. cCKcll, Iu0IcIcul
lO lhc I0Iug CIChc O 0cVcOQmcul, VIcWS hIS l8SK 8S !h8l O mOVIug Iu 8u IuD-
uIlcj Sm8 SQ8Cc lOW8I0 Wh8l IS ccClIVcj 8 0ImcuSIOucSS QOIul. hIS 8cSUc!IC
QIIuCIQc O COuSlIuClIOu, 8S lhc QIIuCIQc O Il/uutcontinuer,gOcS DcjOu0 Sl8SIS,
8u0 Il gOcS DcjOu0 lhc 0ju8mIC Iu lh8l Il IS 8l lhc S8mc lImc 8 QIIuCIQc O Uc80Iug
W8lcI 8u0, 8S SuCh, 8 COucSSIOu O lhc uSccSSucSS O lhc 0ju8mIC. u KccQIug
WIlh lhIS, 8 COuSUuClIVISlIC lcChuIgucS lcu0 lOW8I0 Sl8SIS. hc lcOS O lhc 0j-
u8mIC O lhc cVcI-S8mc IS 0IS8SlcI, cCK0ll S WIIlIugS OOK UIS Iu lhc cjc. LOu-
SCIOuSucSS IcCOguIZcS lhc ImIlc0ucSS O ImIlcSS Sc-SuDCIcul QIOgIcSS 8S 8u
IuSIOu O lhc 8DSOulc SuD]cCl, 8u0 SOCI8 8DOI 8cSlhclIC8j mOCKS DOuIgcOIS
Q8lhOS OuCc lhc SuQcIDuIlj O Ic8 8DOI C8mc IulO Ic8Ch. hc 0ju8mIC Iu 8IlWOIKS
IS DIOughl lO 8 h8l Dj lhc hOQc O lhc 8DOIlIOu O 8DOI 8u0 lhc lhIc8l O 8 g8CI8
0c8lh, DOlh 8Ic IcgISlcIc0 Iu lhc 0ju8mIC, WhICh IS uu8Dc lO ChOOSc Ou IlS OWu.
hc QOlculI8 O Hcc0Om m8uIcSl Iu Il IS 8l lhc S8mc lImc 0cuIc0 Dj lhc SOCI8
5OC1Y | ZZ
OI0cI, 8u0 lhctcOIc Il IS uOl SuDSl8ulI8 Iu 8Il cIlhcI. Jh8l cXQ8IuS lhc 8mDIV8cuCc
O 8cSlhclIC COuSlIuClIOu. LOuSlIuClIOu IS cQu8j 8Dc lO CO0Ij lhc IcSIgu8lIOu
O lhc Wc8Kcuc0 SuD]cCl 8u0 lO m8Kc 8DSOulc 8Icu8lIOu lhc SOc COuCcD O 8Il
WhICh OuCc W8ulc0 lhc OQQOSIlc8S Il IS 8Dc lO 8ulICIQ8lc 8 IcCOuCIc0 COu0IlIOu
lh8l WOu0 IlSc Dc SIlu8lc0 DcjOu0 Sl8lIC 8u0 0ju8mIC. hc mMj IulcDc8lIOuS
WIlh lcChuOCI8Cj gIVc Ic8SOu lO SuSQcCl lh8l lhc QIIuCIQc O COuSUuClIOu Icm8IuS
8cSlhclIC8j ODc0Icul lO lhc 80mIuISlcIc0 WOI0, Dul Il m8j lcImIu8lc Iu 8 jcl uu-
KuOWu 8cSlhclIC OIm, WDOSc I8lIOu8 OIg8uIZ8lIOu mIghl QOIul lO lhc 8DOIlIOu O
8 C8lcgOIIcS O 80mIuISU8lIOu 8Oug WIlh lhcII IcHcXcS Iu 8l.
IIOI lO lhc cm8uCIQ8lIOu O lhc SuD]cCl, 8Il W8S uu0OuDlc0j Iu 8 CcIl8Iu ScuSc
mOIc Immc0I8lcj SOCI8 lh8u Il W8S 8lcIW8I0. lS 8ulOuOmj, IlS gIOWIug Iu0c-
Qcu0cuCc HOm SDIclj, W8S 8 uuClIOu O lhc DOuIgcOIS COuSCIOuSucSS O Hcc0Om
lh8l W8S IlSc DOuu0 uQ WIlh lhc SOCI8 SlIuCluIc. IIOI lO lhc cmcIgcuCc O lhIS
COuSCIOuSucSS, 8Il CcIl8Iuj SlOO0 Iu OQQOSIlIOu lO SOCI8 0OmIu8lIOu 8u0 IlS
mores, Dul uOl WIlh 8u 8W8IcucSS O IlS OWu Iu0cQu0cuCc. JhcIc h80 Dccu COu-
IClS DclWccu 8Il 8u0 SOCIclj 0cSulOIIj cVcI SIuCc 8Il W8S COu0cmuc0 Iu 8lO S
Sl8lc, Dul lhc I0c8 O 8 uu08mcul8j OQQOSIlIOu8 8Il W8S IuCOuCcIV8Dc, 8u0 SO-
CI8 COuUOS WOIKc0 muCh mOIc Immc0I8lcj lh8u Iu lhc DOuIgcOIS cI8 uulI lhc
IISc O lOl8Il8II8u Sl8lcS. Lu lhc OlhcI h8u0, lhc DOuIgcOISIc IulcgI8lc0 8Il muCh
mOIc COmQclcj lh8u 8uj QIcVIOuS SOCIclj h80. 1u0cI lhc QIcSSuIc O 8u Iulcu-
SIjIug uOmIu8ISm, lhc cVcI QIcScul jcl 8lcul SOCI8 Ch8I8ClcI O 8l W8S m80c
IuCIc8SIugj m8uIcSl, lhIS SOCI8 Ch8I8ClcI IS IuCOmQ8I8Dj mOIc cVI0cul Iu lhc
uOVc lh8u Il W8S Iu lhc hIghj SljIZc0 8u0 IcmOlc cQICS O ChIV8Ij. Jhc IuHuX O
cXQcIIcuCcS lh8l 8Ic uO OugcI OICc0 IulO 8 QIIOII gcuIcS, lhc HQuIIcmcul O COu-
SlIlUlIug OIm Oul O UcSc cXQcIIcuCcS, lh8l IS, HOm DcOW. hIS IS Ic8ISlIC Iu
QuIcj 8cSlhclIC lcDS, Icg8I0cSS O COulcul [Inhu/tJ .PO OugcI SuDIm8lc0 Dj lhc
QIIuCIQc O SljIZ8lIOu, lhc Ic8lIOu O COulcul lO lhc SOCIclj IOm WhICh Il 0cIIVcS
8l hISl DcCOmcS muCh cSS IcI8Clc0, 8u0 lhIS IS uOl Ouj lhc C8Sc Iu IlcI8luIc. hc
SO-C8c0 OWcI gcutcS lOO hc0 lhcII 0ISl8uCc HOm SOCIclj, cVcu Whcu, uc PllIC
COmc0j, lhcj m80c DOuIgcOIS Ic8lIOuS 8u0 lhc cVculS O 08Ij Ic lhcm8lIC, lhc
Ighl IulO uO-m8u S-8u0 IS uOl ]uSl Ouc O PIISlOQh8ucS 8ulICS Dul I8lhcI 8u cS-
SculI8 ccmcul O hIS OIm. , Iu Ouc Icg8I0, 8S 8 QIO0uCl O lhc SOCI8 8DOI O
SQIIIl, 8Il IS 8W8jS ImQICIlj 8 /uit sociu/, Iu DcCOmIug DOuIgcOIS 8Il IlS SOCI8
8SQcCl W8S m80c cXQICIl. hc OD]cCl O DOuIgcOIS 8Il IS lhc Ic8lIOu O IlSc 8S
8IlI8Cl lO cmQIIIC8 SOCIclj, LOu _uIXOlc Sl8u0S 8l lhc DcgIuuIug O lhIS 0cVcOQ-
mcul. P, hOWcVcI, IS SOCI8 uOl Ouj DcC8uSc O IlS mO0c O QIO0uClIOu, Iu WhICh
lhc 0I8cClIC O lhc OICcS 8u0 Ic8lIOuS O QIO0uClIOu IS COuCculI8lc0, uOI SImQj
DcC8uSc O lhc SOCI8 0cIIV8lIOu O IlS Ucm8lIC m8lcII8. NuCh mOIc ImQOH8ulj,
8Il DcCOmcS SOCI8 Dj IlS OQQOSIlIOu lO SOCIclj, 8u0 Il OCCuQIcS lhIS QOSIlIOu Ouj 8S
8ulOuOmOuS 8Il. j CIjSl8IZIug Iu IlSc 8S SOmclhIug uuIQuc lO IlSc, I8lhcI lh8u
22 L 5OT
COmQjIB_ WIlh cXISlIB_ SOCI8 BOImS 8B0 Qu8IjIB_ 8S `SOCI8j uScH, Il CIIlI-
CIZcS SOCIclj Dj mcIcj cXISlIB_, OI WhICh QuIIl8BS O 8 SUIQcS COB0cDB Il.
hcIc IS BOlhIB_ QuIc, BOlhIB_ SUCluIc0 SUIClj 8CCOI0IB_ lO IlS OWB Imm8BcBl
8W, lh8l 0OcS BOl ImQICIlj CIIlICIZc lhc 0cD8ScmcBl O 8 SIlu8lIOB cVOVIB_ IB
lhc 0IIcClIOB O 8 lOl8 cXCh8B_c SOCIclj IB WhICh cVcIjlhIB_ IS hclcIOBOmOuSj
0cDBc0. PIlS 8SOCI8Ilj IS lhc 0clcImIB8lc Bc_8lIOB O 8 0clcImIB8lc SOCIclj. LcI-
l8IBj lhIOu_h IlS IcHS8 O SOCIclj, WhICh IS cQuIV8cBl lO SuDIm8lIOB lDIOu_h
lhc 8W O OIm, 8ulOBOmOuS 8Il m8XcS IlSc 8 VchICc O I0cOO_j hc SOCIclj 8l
WhICh Il Shu00cIS IS cl IB lDc 0ISl8BCc, uB0ISluIDc0. 3cl lhIS IS mOIc lh8B I0cO-
O_j bOCIclj IS BOl OBj lhc Bc_8lIVIlj lh8l lhc 8cSUclIC 8W O OIm COB0cmBS Dul
8SO, cVcB IB IlS mOSl OD]cClIOB8Dc Sh8Qc, lhc QuIBlcSScBCc O Sc-QIO0uCIB_ 8B0
Sc-IcQIO0uCIB_ hum8 Ic. PIl W8S BO mOIc 8Dc lO 0ISQcBSc WIU lhIS ccmcBl
lh8B WIlh CIIlIQuc uBlI lh8l mOmcBl WhcB lhc SOCI8 QIOCcSS IcVc8c0 IlSc 8S
OBc O Sc-8BBIhI8lIOB, 8B0 Il IS BOl IB lhc QOWcI O 8Il, WhICh 0OS BOl m8Kc
]u0_mcBlS, lO ScQ8I8lc lhcSc lWO ccmcBlS IBlcBlIOB8j. P QuIc QIO0uClIVc OICc
SuCh 8S lh8l O lhc 8cSlhclIC, OBCc Hcc0 IOm hclcIOBOmOuS COBlIO, IS OD]cClIVcj
lhc COuBlcIIm8_c O cBCh8IBc0 OICcS, Dul Il IS 8SO lhc Q8I80I_m O 8lcH, Sc-
IBlcIcSlc0 0OIB_S. PIl XccQS IlSc 8IVc lhIOu_h IlS SOCI8 OICc O IcSISl8BCc, uBcSS
Il IcIDcS IlSc, Il DcCOmcS 8 COmmO0Ilj . 1lS COBlIIDulIOB lO SOCIclj IS BOl COmmu-
BIC8lIOB WIlh Il Dul I8lhcI SOmclhIB_ cXUcmcj mc0I8lc0 1l IS IcSISl8BCc IB WhICh,
Dj VIIluc O IBBcI-8cSlhclIC 0cVcOQmcBl, SOI8 0cVcOQmcBl IS IcQIO0uCc0 WIlh-
Oul DcIB_ ImIl8lc0. Pl lDc IISX O IlS Sc-8IcB8lIOB, I80IC8 mO0cHIlj QIcScIVcS
Ml S Imm8BcBCc Dj 80mIllIB_ SOCIclj OBj IB 8B ODSCuIc0 OIm, 8S IB lhc 0Ic8mS
WIlh WhICh MlWOIXS h8Vc 8W8jS DccB COmQ8Ic0. POlhIB_ SOCI8 IB 8Il IS Immc0I-
8lcj SOCI8, BOl cVcB WhcB lhIS IS IlS 8Im. POl OB_ 8_O cVcB lhc SOCI8j COmmIl-
lc0 IcChl OuB0 lh8l lO _IVc DIS QOIlIC8 QOSIlIOB 8IlISlIC cXQIcSSIOB Il W8S BcCcS-
Sm lO 0ISl8BCc hImSc QIcCIScj Hm lh8l SOCIm Ic8Ilj 8l WhICh hIS WOIKS lOOK
8Im.JcSuIUC8 m8ChIB8lIOBS WcIc Bcc0c0 SuCIcBlj lO C8mOuH8_c Wh8l hc WIOlc
8S SOI8ISl Ic8ISm lO cSC8Qc lhc IBQuISIlIOB. NuSIC DcU8jS 8 8Il. JuSl 8S IB muSIC
SOCIclj, IlS mOVcmcBl, 8B0 IlS COBU80IClIOBS 8QQc8I OBj IB Sh80OWj 8ShIOB~
SQc8XIB_ Oul O Il, IB0cc0, jcl IB Bcc0 O I0cBlIDC8lIOBSO Il IS WIlh 8 OlhcI 8IlS.
hcBcVcI 8H SccmS lO COQj SOIclj, Il DcCOmcS 8 Uc mOIc 8B `8S-I. OI OQQO-
SIlc Ic8SOBS, IcChlS LhIB8 IB lhc Coodwomuno/SetzuunIS BO cSS SljIZc0 lD8B
bChIcIS NcSSIB8 IB 1herideo/Messinu.P mOI8 ]u0_mcBlS OB lhc Ch8I8C-
lcIS IB BOVcS OI Q8jS h8Vc DccB ScBSccSS cVcB WhcB lhcSc ]u0_mcBlS h8Vc ]uSlj
l8XcB lDc cmQIDC8 D_uIcS D8CX O Uc WOIK 8S lhcII l8I_clS, 0ISCuSSIOBS 8DOul
WhclhcI 8 QOSIlIVc hcIO C8B h8Vc Bc_8lIVc U8IlS 8Ic 8S OOISh 8S lhcj SOuB0 lO
8BjOBc WhO OVcIhc8IS lhcm HOm SO muCh 8S lhc SI_hlcSl IcmOVc. tOIm WOIKS
IXc 8 m8_Bcl lh8l OI0cIS ccmcBlS O lhc cmQIIIC8 WOI0 IB SuCh 8 8ShIOB lh8l
lhcj cSU8B_c0 IOm lhcII cXU8-8cSlhclIC cXISlcBCc, 8B0 Il IS OBj 8S 8 IcSul O
lDIS cSlI8B_cmcBl lh8l lhcj m8SlcI lDc cXlI8-8cSlhclIC cSScBCc. LOBVcIScj, Dj cX-
QOIlIB_ lDcSc ccmcBlS lhc CuluIc IB0uSUj 8 lDc mOIc SuCCcSSuj ]OIBS S8VISh
5OCTY | 227
IcSQcCl OI cmQIIIC8 dcl8I, lDc g8QcSS ScmD8uCc O QDOlOgI8QDIC DdcIlj, WIlD
IdcOOgIC8 m8uIQu8lIOu. D8l IS SOCI8 Iu M IS IlS Imm8ucul mOVcmcul 8g8IuSl
SOCIclj, uOl IlS m8uIcSl OQIuIOuS. lS DISlOIIC8 gcSluIc IcQcS cmQIIIC8 Ic8Ilj,
O WDICD 8IlWOIkS Mc ucVcIlDccSS Q8Il Iu lD8l lDcj 8Ic lDIugS. 1uSO8I 8 SO-
CI8 uuClIOu C8u Dc QIcdIC8lcd OI 8IlWOIkS, Il IS lDcII uuClIOucSSucSS. DIOugD
lDcII dIcIcuCc IOm 8 DcWIlCDcd Ic8Ilj, lDcj cmDOdj ucg8lIVcj 8 QOSIlIOu Iu
WDICD WD8l IS WOud Dud IlS IIgDlu Q8Cc, IlS OWu. DcII cuCD8ulmcul IS dIScu-
CD8ulmcul. DcII SOCI8 cSScuCc IcQuIIcS 8 dOuDc IcDcClIOu Ou lDcII DcIug-OI-
lDcmScVcS 8ud Ou lDcII Ic8lIOuS lO SOCIclj. DcII dOuDc CD8I8ClcI IS m8uIcSl 8l
cVcIj QOIul, lDcj CD8ugc 8ud COulI8dICl lDcmScVcS. l W8S Q8uSIDc lD8l SOCI8j
QIOgIcSSIVc CIIlICS SDOud D8Vc 8CCuScd lDc QIOgI8m O / ' urtpour/ ' urt,WDICD D8S
Olcu Dccu Iu c8guc WIlD QOIlIC8 Ic8ClIOu, O QIOmOlIug 8 clISD WIlD lDc COuCcQl
O 8 QuIc, cXCuSIVcj Sc-SuHCIcul MWOIk. D8l IS Uuc Iu lDIS 8CCuS8lIOu IS lD8l
8IlWOIkS, QIOduClS O SOCI8 8DOI lD8l 8Ic SuD]cCl lO OI QIOduCc lDcII OWu 8W O
OIm, Sc8 lDcmScVcS O HOm WD8l lDcj lDcmScVcS 8Ic. O lDIS cXlcul, c8CD 8Il~
WOIk COud Dc CD8Igcd WIlD 8Sc COuSCIOuSucSS 8ud CD8kcd uQ lO IdcOOgj. u
OIm8 lcImS, IudcQcudcul O WD8l lDcj S8j, lDcj 8Ic IdcOOgj Iu lD8l 8 QIIOII lDcj
QOSIl SOmclDIug SQIIIm8 8S DcIug IudcQcudcul HOm lDc COudIlIOuS O IlS m8lcII8
QIOduClIOu 8ud lDcIcOIc 8S DcIug IuUIuSIC8j SuQcIIOI 8ud DcjOud Uc QIImOIdI8
guIl O lDc ScQM8lIOu O QDjSIC8 8ud SQIIIlu8 8DOI . D8l IS cX8lcd Ou lDc D8SIS
O lDIS guIl IS 8l lDc S8mc lImc dcD8Scd Dj Il. DIS IS WDj 8IlWOIkS WIlD lIulD COu-
lcul dO uOl Dcud Sc8mcSSj WIlD Uc COuCcQl O Ml, / 'urtpour/ 'urtlDcOIISlS, Ikc
N8CIj, D8Vc QOIuRd lDIS Oul. ul lDc guIl lDcj Dc8I O clISDISm dOS uOl dIS-
Qu8Ij M, 8uj mOIc SO lD8u Il dISQu8I0cS 8ujlDIug CuQ8Dc, OI Iu lDc uuIVcI-
S8j, SDI8j mcdI8lcd WOId uOlDIug Sl8udS cXlcD8 lO IlS ucXuS O guIl. Dc
lIulD COulcul O 8IlWOIkS, WDICD IS Iudccd lDcII SOCI8 lIulD, IS QIcdIC8lcd Ou UcII
clISD CD8I8ClcI. Dc QIIuCIQc O DclcIOuOmj, 8QQ8Iculj lDc COuulcIQ8Il O clISD-
ISm, IS lDc QIIuCIQc O cXCD8ugc, 8ud Iu Il dOmIu8lIOu IS m8Skcd. Luj WD8l dOS
uOl SuDmIl lO lD8l QIIuCIQc 8ClS 8S lDc QcuIQOlculI8Ij O WD8l IS Hc HOm dOmI-
u8lIOu, Ouj WD8l IS uSccSS C8u Sl8ud Iu OI lDc Sluulcd uSc V8uc. PIlWOIkS 8Ic
QcuIQOlculI8IIcS O lDIugS lD8l uO OugcI dISlOIlcd Dj cXCD8ugc, QIODl, 8ud lDc
8Sc uccdS O 8 dcgI8dcd Dum8uIlj. 1u lDc COulcXl O lOl8 ScmD8uCc, 8IlS Scm-
D8uCc O DcIug-Iu-IlSc IS lDc m8Sk O lIulD. N8IX S SCOD O lDc QIll8uCc NIlOu
IcCcIVcd OI IumJiseLost, 8 WOIk lD8l dId uOl 8QQc8I lO lDc m8Ikcl 8S SOCImj
uScu 8DOI,' IS, 8S 8 dcuuuCI8lIOu O uScu 8DOI, lDc SUOugcSl dccuSc O 8Il
8g8IuSl IlS DOuIgcOIS uuClIOu8IZ8lIOu, WDICD IS QcIQclu8lcd Iu 8IlS uudI8cClIC8
SOCI8 COudcmu8lIOu. P IDcI8lcd SOCIclj WOud Dc DcjOud lDc III8lIOu8Ilj O IlS
/uu/mis8ud DcjOud lDc cudS-mc8uS-I8lIOu8Ilj O ulIIlj. DIS IS cuCIQDcIcd Iu
Ml 8ud IS lDc SOuICc O 8IlS SOCI8 cXQOSIVcucSS. PlDOugD lDc m8gIC clISDcS 8Ic
Ouc O lDc DISlOIIC8 IOOlS O M, 8 clISDISlIC ccmcul Icm8IuS 8dmIXcd Iu 8IlWOIkS,
8u ccmcul lD8l gOcS DcjOud COmmOdIlj clISDISm. PIlWOIkS C8u ucIlDcI cXCudc
uOI dcuj lDIS, cVcu SOCI8j lDc cmQD8lIC ccmcul O ScmD8uCc Iu 8IlWOIkS IS, 8S 8
228 ' 5OCTY
COIIcClIVc, lhc OIg8uOu O Uulh. PIlWOIKS lh8l CO uOl IuSISl clIShISlIC8llj Ou lhcII
COhcIcuCc, 8S I lhcj WcH Uc 8DSOlulc lh8l lhcj Mc uu8Dlc lO Dc, 8Ic WOIlhlcSS
IOm lhc Sl8Il, Dul lhc SuIVIV8l O 8Il DcCOmcS QIcC8IIOuS 8S SOOu 8S Il DcCOmcS
COuSCIOuS O IlS clIShISm 8uC, 8S h8S Dccu lhc C8Sc SIuCc lhc mICClc O lhc uIuc-
lcculh CculuIj, IuSISlS ODSlIu8lclj Ou Il. PIl C8uuOl 8CVOC8lc CcluSIOu Dj IuSISlIug
lh8l OlhcIWISc 8Il WOulC uOl cXISl. hIS OICcS 8Il IulO 8u 8QOII8. Pll lh8l SuCCccCS
Iu gOIug cVcu mIuulclj DcjOuC Il IS IuSIghl IulO lhc I8lIOu8lIlj O IlS III8lIOu8lIlj.
PIlWOIKS lh8l W8ul lO CIVcSl lhcmSclVcS O clIShISm Dj Ic8l 8uC cXlIcmclj CuDI-
OuS QOlIlIC8l COmmIlmcul Hgul8Ilj cumcSh lhcmSclVcS Iu 8Sc COuSCIOuSucSS 8S
lhc IcSull O IucVIl8Dlc 8uC V8Iulj QI8IScC SImQlIDC8lIOu. u lhc ShOIlSIghlcC QI8XIS
lO WhICh lhcj DlIuClj SuDSCIIDc, lhcII OWu DlIuCucSS IS QIOlOugcC.
hc OD]cClIV8lIOu O 8Il, WhICh IS Wh8l SOCIclj HOm IlS cXlcH8l QcISQcClIVc l8KcS
lO Dc 8Il S clIShISm, IS IlScl SOCI8l Iu lh8l Il IS lhc QIOCuCl O lhc CIVISIOu O l8DOI.
h8l IS Whj lhc Icl8lIOu O 8Il lO SOCIclj IS uOl lO Dc SOughl QIIm8IIlj Iu lhc SQhcIc
O IcCcQlIOu. hIS Icl8lIOu IS 8ulcIIOI lO IcCcQlIOu, Iu QIOCuClIOu. ulcIcSl Iu lhc SO-
CI8l CcCIQhcImcul O 8Il muSl OIIcul IlScl lO QIOCuClIOu I8lhcI lh8u DcIug COulcul
WIlh lhc SluCj 8uC Cl8SSIDC8lIOu O ccClS lh8l OI SOCI8 Ic8SOuS Olcu lOl8llj
CIVcIgc IOm lhc 8IlWOIKS 8uC lhcII OD]cClIVc SOCI8l COulcul. bIuCc lImc ImmcmO-
II8l, hum8u Ic8ClIOuS lO 8IlWOIKS h8Vc Dccu mcCI8lcC lO lhcII ulmOSl 8uC CO uOl
HcI ImmcCI8lclj lO lhc OD]cCl, IuCccC, lhcj 8Ic uOW mcCI8lcC Dj SOCIclj 8 8
WhOlc. hc SluCj O SOCI8l ccCl ucIlhcI COmcS ClOSc lO uuCcISl8uCIug Wh8l IS SO-
CI8l Iu 8Il uOI IS Il Iu 8uj QOSIlIOu lO CICl8lc uOImS OI 8Il, 8S Il IS IuClIucC lO CO Dj
QOSIlIVISl SQIIIl. hc hclcIOuOmj, WhICh IcCcQlIOu lhcOIj S uOIm8lIVc IulcIQIcl8-
lIOu O QhcuOmcu8 OISlS Ou 8Il, IS 8u ICcOlOgIC8l cllcI lh8l cXCccCS cVcIjlhIug
ICcOlOgIC8l lh8l m8j Dc IuhcIcul Iu 8IlS clIShIZ8lIOu. PIl 8uC SOCIclj COuVcIgc Iu
Uc 8IlWOIK S COulcul [Cehu/t] ,uOl Iu 8ujlhIug cXlcH8 lO Il. DIS 8QQlIcS 8lSO lO
lhc hISlOIj O 8Il. LOllcClIVIZ8lIOu O lhc IuCIVICu8 l8KcS Ql8Cc 8l lDc COSl O lhc
SOCI8l OICc O QIOCuClIOu. u lhc hISlOIj O 8Il, Ic8l hISlOIj IcluHS Dj VIIluc O lhc
lIc O lhc QIOCuClIVc OICc lh8l OIIgIu8lcS Iu Ic8l hISlOIj 8uC IS lhcu ScQ8I8lcC
IOm Il. hIS IS lhc D8SIS O 8IlS IcCOllcClIOu O U8uSIcuCc. PIl QIcScIVcS Il 8uC
m8KcS Il QIcScul Dj U8uSOImIug Il. hIS IS lhc SOCI8l cXQl8u8lIOu O IlS lcmQOI8l
uuClcuS. PDSl8IuIug IOm QI8XIS, 8Il DcCOmcS lhc SChcm8 O SOCI8l QI8XIS. LVcIj
8ulhculIC 8IlWOIK IS IulcH8lj IcVOlulIOu8Ij. MOWcVcI, WhcIc8S SOCIclj Ic8ChcS
IulO 8Il 8uC CIS8QQc8IS lhcIc Dj mc8uS O Uc ICculIlj O OICcS 8uC Icl8lIOuS, cVcu
lhc mOSl 8CV8uCcC 8Il h8S, COuVcISclj, lhc lcuCcuCj lOW8IC SOCI8l IulcgI8lIOu. Xcl
COuHj lO lhc ClIChc lh8l lOulS lhc VIIlucS O QIOgIcSS, lhIS IulcgI8lIOu COcS uOl
DIIug lhc DlcSSIugS O ]uSlICc Iu lhc OIm O IclIOSQcClIVc COuDIm8UOu. NOIc
Olcu, IcCcQlIOu Wc8IS 8W8j Wh8l COuSlIlulcS lhc WOIK S CclcImIu8lc ucg8lIOu O
SOCIclj. OIKS 8Ic uSu8llj CIIlIC8l Iu lhc cI8 Iu WhICh lhcj 8QQc8I, l8lcI lhcj
ucuU8lIZcC, uOl lc8Sl DcC8uSc O Ch8ugcC SOCI8 Icl8lIOuS. cuU8lIZ8lIOu IS lhc
SOCI8l QIICc O 8cSlhclIC 8ulOuOmj. MOWcVcI, OuCc 8IlWOIKS 8Ic culOmDcC Iu lhc
Q8ulhcOu O CulluI8l COmmOCIlIcS, lhcj lhcmSclVcS~lhcII lIulh COulcul8Ic
5OCH1Y L ZZ
8SD 08m8gc0. u lhc 80mIuISlcIc0 WDI0 uculI8IZ8lIDu IS uuIVcIS8. buID8ISm
Dcg8u 8S 8 QIOlcSl 8g8IuSl lhc clIShIZ8lIDu D 8Il 8S 8u ISD8lc0 Ic8m, jcl 8S 8Il,
WhICh 8lcI 8 SuIIc8ISm 8SD W8S, Il W8S DICc0 DcjDu0 lhc QuIc DIm D QIDlcSl.
8IulcIS DI WhDm lhc Qu8Ilj D peinture W8S uDl 8u ISSuc, 8S Il W8S DI Pu0IC
N8SSDu, SlIuCX 8 D88uCc DclWccu SC8u08 8u0 SDCI8 IcCcQlIDu. LlIm8lcj,
b8V80DI L8 DcC8mc 8u cX8lc0 SDCIclj Q8IulcI, lhc L8SZD DI N8u LDugcu D
8 gcucI8lIDu lh8l IXc0 lD lhIuX D IlSc 8S DcIug sophisticutedDu lhc D8SIS D 8
V8guc ScuSc D 8 CIISIS lh8l h80 Iu 8uj C8Sc Dccu Sl8DIIZc0 DI 0cC80cS. 1uS lhc
8Sc 8cIIc D SuIIc8ISm W8S cSl8DIShc0. ND0cH lcu0cuCIcS, Iu WhICh IIHQl-
Iug ShDCX-80cu CDulculS [Inhulte] 0cmDISh lhc 8W D DIm, 8Ic QIc0cSlIuc0 lD
m8Xc Qc8Cc WIlh lhc WDI0, WhICh gIVcS 8 CDZj IcCcQlIDu lD uuSuDIm8lc0 m8lcI-
I8 8S SDDu 8S lhc lhDD IS IcmDVc0. u Uc 8gc D lDl8 ucuU8IZ8lIDu, 8Sc IcCDu-
CII8lIDu h8S D CDuISc 8SD Q8Vc0 lhc W8j Iu lhc SQhcIc D I80IC8j 8DSU8Cl 8Il.
DuIcQIcScul8lIDu8 8Il IS SuIl8Dc DI 0cCDI8lIug lhc W8S D lhc ucWj QIDSQcI-
DuS. 1l IS uuCcIl8Iu WhcUcI lh8l 8SD 0ImIuIShcS lhc Imm8ucul Qu8Ilj D 8IlWDIXS,
lhc cXCIlcmcul WIlh WhICh Ic8ClIDu8IIcS cmQh8SIZc UIS 08ugcI SQ8XS 8g8IuSl IlS
Ic8Ilj. l WDu0 Dc Uj I0c8ISlIC lD DC8lc lhc Ic8lIDu D 8Il 8u0 SDCIclj cXCu-
SIVcj 8S mc0I8lc0 Iu QIDDcmS D SDCI8 SlHCluIc. PIlS 0DuDc Ch8I8ClcI~IlS 8u-
lDuDmj and/uitsociuliscXQIcSSc0 cVcI 8u0 8g8Iu Iu lhc Q8Q8Dc 0cQcu0cuCIcS
8u0 CDuRIClS DclWccu lhc lWD SQhcIcS. tIcQuculj UcIc 8Ic 0IIcCl SDCIDcCDuDmIC
IulcIVculIDuS Iu 8IlISlIC QID0uClIDu, 8 CDulcmQDI8Ij IuSl8uCc D WhICh IS Uc Dug-
lcIm CDuU8ClS DclWccu Q8IulcIS 8u0 8Il mcICh8ulS WhD 8VDI Wh8l IS Cmc0 WDIX
WIlh 8 `QcISDu8 lDuCh, DI mDIc Duulj, 8 gImmICX. h8l LcIm8u cXQIcSSIDuISm
V8uIShc0 SD QuICKj m8j h8Vc IlS 8IlISlIC Ic8SDuS Iu Uc CDuRICl DclWccu lhc I0c8
D 8u 8IlWDIX, WhICh Icm8Iuc0 IlS gD8, 8u0 lhc SQcCIDC I0c8 D lhc 8DSDulc
SCIc8m. LXQIcSSIDuISl WDIXS CDu0 uDl lDl8j SuCCcc0 WIlhDul DclI8jIug lhcm-
ScVcS. PSD ImQDIl8ul W8S lh8l lhc gcuIc DcC8mc QDIlIC8j DDSDclc 8S IlS IcVD-
ulIDu8Ij ImQcluS Wcul uuIc8IZc0 8u0 lhc bDVIcl \uIDu Dcg8u lD QIDScCulc I80I-
C8 8Il. DI ShDu0 Il Dc CDuCc8c0 lh8l lhc 8ulhDIS D lh8l mDVcmcul, WhICh Wcul
uuIcCcIVc0 uulI DIlj DI Dlj jc8IS 8lcI, h80 lD m8Kc 8 IVIug 8u0 WcIc CDm-
Qc0, 8S PmcIIC8uS S8j, to o comerciul, lhIS CDu0 Dc 0cmDuSlI8lc0 Iu lhc
C8Sc D mDSl LcIm8u cXQIcSSIDuISl WIIlcIS WhD SuIVIVc0 DI0 8I . h8l IS SD-
CIDDgIC8j lD Dc cMc0 HDm lhc 8lc D lhc cXQIcSSIDuISlS IS lhc QIIm8Cj D lhc
DDuIgcDIS QIDcSSIDu DVcI Uc ucc0 DI cXQIcSSIDu lh8l IuSQIIc0 lhc cXQIcSSIDuISlS
Iu hDWcVcI u81Vc 8u0 0Iulc0 8 8ShIDu. u DDuIgcDIS SDCIclj 8IlISlS, IXc 8 WhD
8Ic IulccClumj QID0uClIVc, 8Ic CDmQc0 lD XccQ 8l Il DuCc lhcj h8Vc l8Kcu Du
lhc U80c u8mc D mISl. buQI8uuu8lc0 cXQIcSSIDuISlS uDl uuWIIugj ChDSc m8I-
Xcl8Dj QIDmISIug lhcmcS. hc 8CX D 8uj Imm8ucul ucCcSSIlj DI QH0uClIDu,
CDuQc0 WIlh lhc CDuCuIIcul cCDuDmIC CDmQuSIDu lD CDulIuuc, IS 8QQ8Icul Iu Uc
QID0uCl 8S IlS DD]cClIVc IuSIguIDC8uCc.
PmDug lhc mc0I8lIDuS D 8Il 8u0 SDCIclj lhc lhcm8lIC, lhc DQcu DI CDVcIl lIc8l-
mcul D SDCI8 m8llcIS, IS lhc mDSl SuQcIDCI8 8u0 0cCcQlIVc. hc C8Im lh8l lhc
ZJ0 | 5O1Y
SCuQluI D 8 CD8 mIuI 8 QIIDII S8jS mDI, SOI8j, lh8u 8 SCuQluI WIlhDul QID-
l8II8u hID, IS Dj uDW ChD0 Duj WhI 8Il IS uS0 DI lh QuIQDS D DImIu_
DQIuIDu, Iu lh WDD0u 8u_u8_ D lh QDQS 0mDCI8CIS D lh L8SlH DDC,
8u0 IS SuDDI0Iu8l0 lD mQIIIC8 8ImS, mDSlj 8S 8 m8uS DI ImQIDVIu_ QID0uC-
lIDu. LmI NuuIIS I08IZ0 CD8 mIuI 8u0 hIS I8ISm 0DVl8I WIlh 8 DDuI-
_DIS I0DD_j lD8l 08l WIlh lh lhu SlI VISID QIDl8II8l Dj CIlIjIu_ lh8l
Il lDD W8S D8ulIu hum8uIlj 8u0 uDD u8luI. LVu uuVMISh0 u8luI8ISm
IS Dlu D 8 Q8Il WIlD 8 0DIm0 DDuI_DIS Ch8I8ClI SUuCluI, 8 SuQQISS0~
Iu QSjChD8u8jlIC lImS, 8u8~Q8SuI. l 0S Du lh SuIIu_ 8u0 0C8j Il
SCDuI_S, IK /ut-und-cden8ulhDIS, ZD8 _DIID0 IlIIlj 8u0 mQDj0 8ulI-
bmIlIC CIChcS. Lu lh lhm8lIC V, Iu lh 8u_u8_ D Iu0IClmul, uD DDuu08Ij
C8u D 0I8Wu DlWu 8__ISSIVuSS 8u0 CDuDImISm. Pu 8_IlQIDQ ChDIuS D Ih
uumQDj0 WIlh lh QIDIm8uC 0IIClIV Ih8l Il D QIDIm0 Iu 8u `u_j
8ShIDu, m8j h8V uuClIDu0 8IDuu0 V 8S 8 CIlIDC8l D CDIICl QDIlIC8
DQIuIDu, lhDu_h Il h8I0j VI lSlID0 lD QID_ISSIV CDuSCIDuSuSS, Dul Il W8S
8W8jS uuCIl8Iu I lh MlISlIC Sl8uC D _IDWIu_ m0 I8W lChuIgu I8j
0uDuuC0 SuCh lDIu_S DI I0ulID0 WIU lhm. H8 0uuuCI8lIDu IS QIDD8Dj
Duj 8 C8Q8CIlj D DIm, WhICh IS DVIDDK0 Dj 8 SDCI8 8SlhlIC U8l DIVS Iu
lhmS. h8l IS SDCI8j 0CISIV Iu 8IlWDIKS IS 0 CDulul [Inhu/t]lh8l DCDmS
Dguul UIDu_h lh WDIK S DIm8 SUuCluIS. 8K8, Iu WhDS WDIK mDuDQDj
C8QIl8ISm 8QQ8IS Duj 0ISl8ulj, CD0IDS Iu lD 0I_S D lD 80mIuISlI0 WDI0
Wh8l DCDmS D QDQ uu0I lh lDl8 SOI8 SQ mDI 8IlhHj 8u0 QDWI-
Hj lh8u 0D 8uj uDVS 8DDul CDDuQl Iu0uSUI8 DSlS. h lDSIS lh8l DIm IS lh
oCu8 o 8oCI8 Conlcnl [Gehu/t]C8n DConCIclcy 8hown Iu 88 8 8ngu8gc. l8
DD]ClIVIlj, IlS ISlI8u gu8Ilj h8S Dlu Du Im8IK0 uQDu, 8u0 I80IS WhD
m8SuI uQ lD 8K8 h8V ICD_uI20 lh CDulI80IClIDu DlWu Ih8l DD]ClIVIlj
8u0 VulS lh8l DCDm ImDl lhIDu_h lh Im8_Iu8Ij Ch8I8ClI D SD SDDI 8 QI-
Sul8lIDu. MDWVI, lhIS CDulI8Sl DCDmS QID0uClIV uDl Duj DC8uS U gu8SI-
I8ISlIC 0SCIIQIIDu DIIu_S lh ImQDSSID mu8CIu_j CDS. Pl lD S8m lIm lDIS
CIIlIgu D lh I8ISIIC Iu8mulS D 88S DIm, 8 CIIlIgu lD8l lD SDCI8j CDm-
mIll0 8IS SmS 8 lDD 8IlISlIC, h8S IlS SDCI8 8SQCl. 88 IS m80 8CCQl8D
Dj m8Bj D lhS I8ISlIC Iu8mulS 8S 8u I08 D DI0I, QDSSIDj D 8 SImQ I
8u0 mD0Sl 8ClIVIlj Iu Du S 8SSI_u0 Sl8lIDu, 8u I08 Ih8l IS IlS 8 m8SK D
SOI8 IQISSIDu. h Iu_uISlIC h8DIluS D lh WDI0 IS 8S Il IS IS lh m0Ium
lhIDu_h WhICh ID SOI8 SQ DCDmS 8SlhlIC 8QQ8I8uC. 88 WISj _u8I0S
8_8IuSl u8mIu_ Il, 8S I DlhIWIS lh SQ WDu0 D DIDKu WhDS IuSuImDuul-
8D DHuIQISuC 0DuS lD 8Hu8 D 8K8S WDIK 8u0 WhICh, 8S IlS 8QIIDII,
C8uuDl DCDm Ihm8lIC. MIS 8u_u8_ IS lh IuSlIumul D ID8l CDuD_uI8lIDu D
QDSIlIVISm 8u0 mjlD lh8l h8S Duj uDW DCDm DDVIDuS SOI8j. HID0 CDu-
SCIDuSuSS, WhICh QISuQQDSS 8u0 CDuDImS lh IuVIl8DIIlj 8u0 ImHul8DuSS
D Wh8l XISlS, IS~8S lh hIIl8_ D lh 8uCIul SQ ~lh uW DIm D lh mjlD
D Ih VI-S8m. 88 S QIC Slj IS, Iu IlS 8ICh8ISm, mImSIS D IIDC8lIDu.
5OCL1Y . ZJl
hcIc8S hIS WDIK muSl IcuDuuCc 8uj C8Im lD U8uSCcu0Iug mjlh, Il m8KcS lhc
SDCI8 WcD D 0cuSIDu KuDW8Dc Iu mjlh lhIDugh lhc how, lhIDugh 8ugu8gc. u
hIS WIIlIug, 8DSuI0Ilj IS 8S Sc-cVI0cul 8S Il h8S 8Clu8j DcCDmc Iu SDCIclj. hDSc
QID0uClS 8Ic SDCI8j mulc lh8l 0D lhcII 0ulj Dj IcguIgIl8Dug te/qaelWh8lcVcI SD-
CI8 m8lcII8 lhcj Dc8l 8u0 CDuul lDIS mcl8DDIC cXCh8ugc WIlh ScCDu0 u8luIc 8S
lhc gDIj D 8II 8S SDCI8 IccClIDu. hc 8IlISlIC SuD]cCl IS IuhcIculj SDCI8, uDl QII-
V8lc. u uD C8Sc 0DcS Il DcCDmc SDCI8 lhIDugh DICc0 CDcClIVI78DDu DI lhc ChDICc
D SuD]cCl m8llcI. u lhc 8gc D IcQIcSSIVc CDcClIVI78lIDu, 8Il h8S lhc QDWcI lD
IcSISl l0c CDmQ8Cl m8]DIIlj 8 IcSISl8uCc lh8l h8S DcCDmc 8 CIIlcIIDu D lhc WDIK
8u0 IlS SDCI8 lIulhIu lhc Ducj 8u0 cXQDSc0 QID0uCcI D Ml, WhIc 8l lDc S8mc
lImc lhIS 0DcS uDl cXCu0c CDcClIVc DImS D QID0uClIDu SuCh 8S lhc CDmQDScIS
WDIKShDQ lh8l bChDcuDcIg cuVISIDuc0. j CDuSl8ulj 80mIllIug IulD lhc QID0uC-
lIDu D hIS WDIK 8u ccmcul D ucg8lIVIlj lDW8I0 hIS DWu Immc0I8Cj, lhc 8IlISl
uuCDuSCIDuSj DDcjS 8 SDCI8 uuIVcIS8. u cVcIj SuCCcSSuj Ic8I7c0 CDIIcClIDu,
W8lChIug DVcI lDc 8IlISlS ShDu0cI IS 8 CDcClIVc SuD]cCl lh8l h8S jcl lD Dc Ic8-
I7c0. hc C8lcgDIIcS D 8IlISlIC DD]cClIVIlj 8Ic uuIl8Ij WIlD SDCI8 cm8uCIQ8lIDu
Whcu lhc DD]cCl, Du lhc D8SIS D IlS DWu ImQuSc, IDcI8lcS IlSc Dm SDCI8 CDu-
VculIDu 8u0 CDulIDS. 3cl 8IlWDIKS C8uuDl Dc S8lISDc0 WIlh V8guc 8u0 8DSlI8Cl
uuIVcIS8Ilj SuCh 8S lh8l D C8SSICISm. 8lhcI, lDcj 8Ic QIc0IC8lc0 Du DSSuIc0ucSS
8u0 lhuS Du lhc CDuCIclc hISlDIIC8 SIlu8lIDu. hcII SDCI8 Dlh 0cQcu0S Du lhcII
DQcuIug lhcmScVcS lD lhIS CDulcul. hc CDulcul DcCDmcS lhcII SuD]cCl, lD WhICh
Ihcj mD0 lhcmScVcS, lD lhc S8mc cXlcul lh8l lhcII 8W D DIm 0DcS uDl DD-
SCuIc lhc DSSuIc Dul I8lhcI, Iu 0cm8u0Iug lh8l Il Dc Sh8Qc0, m8KcS Il IlS DWu CDu-
CcD. MDWcVcI QIDDuu0 8u0 SlI 8Igcj DDSCuIc Ihc Q8Il D SCIcuCc h8S Dccu
Iu lhc 0cVcDQmcul D 8IlISlIC DICcS D QID0uClIDu, 8u0 hDWcVcI 0ccQj, QIcCIScj
lhIDugh mclhD0S cMc0 IDm SCIcuCc, SDCIclj Ic8ChcS IulD 8Il, ]uSl SD Illc IS
8IlISlIC QID0uClIDu SCIculIDC, cVcu Whcu Il IS 8 WDIK D IulcgI8 CDuSDuClIVISm. u
8Il, 8 SCIculIDC 0ISCDVcIIcS DSc lDcII IlcI8 Ch8I8ClcI. hIS IS cVI0cul Iu lDc mD0-
IDC8lIDu D DQlIC8-QISQcClIV8 8WS Iu Q8IulIug 8u0 Iu lDc u8luI8 DVcIlDuc Ic8-
lIDuS Iu muSIC. hcu 8Il, IulImI08lc0 Dj lcChuIQuc, DIcS lD CDuScIVc IlS mIuI8luIc
lcII8Iu Dj QIDC8ImIug IlS lI8uSDIm8lIDu IulD SCIcuCc, Il mISCDuCcIVcS lhc Sl8luS
D lhc SCIcuCcS Iu cmQIIIC8 Ic8Ilj. Lu lhc DlhcI h8u0, lhc 8cSlDclIC QIIuCIQc IS
uDl lD Dc Q8jc0 Dul 8S S8CIDS8uCl ~8S WDu0 SuIl III8lIDu8ISm ~Iu DQQDSIlIDu lD
lhc SCIcuCcS. P IS uDl 8u 8IDIlI8Ij CuDI8 CDmQcmcul lD SCIcuCc Dul, I8lhcI,
Sl8u0S Iu CIIlIC8 lcuSIDu lD Il. hcu, DI IuSl8uCc, lhc CuluI8 8u0 hum8u SCIcuCcS
8Ic IIghlj 8CCuSc0 D 8 8CK D SQIIIl, lhIS IS 8mDSl 8W8jS 8l lhc S8mc lImc 8 8CK
D 8cSlhclIC 0ISCcDmcul. l IS uDl WIlhDul Ic8SDu lh8l lhc CcIlIDc0 SCIcuCcS 0c-
m8u0 uIIDuSj lD Dc cH Iu Qc8Cc WhcucVcI 8Il, Wh8lcVcI Ucj 8llIIDulc lD Il, IulcI-
VcucS Iu lhcII SQhcIc, lh8l SDmcDuc C8u WIIlc IS C8uSc DI SuSQICIDu Du SCIculIDC
gIDuu0S. LIu0cucSS D lhIuKIug IS lhc IuC8Q8CIlj lD 0IcIculI8lc WIlhIu 8 lDQIC,
8u0 0IHcIculI8lIDu IS 8u 8cSlhclIC C8lcgDIj 8S muCh 8S Duc D uu0cISl8u0Iug. bCI-
cuCc 8u0 8Il 8Ic uDl lD Dc uSc0, Dul lhc C8lcgDIIcS lh8l V8I0 Iu c8Ch 8Ic uDl
ZJZ | 5LTY
8DSDulcj 0IcIcul. LDuDImISl CDuSCIDuSucSS QIccIS lhc DQQDSIlc, Q8Ilj Dc-
C8uSc Il IS IuC8Q8Dc D 0ISlIuguIShIug lhc lWD 8u0 Q8Ilj DcC8uSc Il IcuScS lhc
IuSIghl lh8l I0culIC8 DICcS 8Ic 8ClIVc Iu uDuI0culIC8 SQhcIcS. Jhc S8mc hD0S
lIuc WIlh Icg8I0 lD mDI8Ilj. Iul8Ilj lDW8I0 lhIugS IS QDlculI8j DIul8Ilj lDW8I0
QcDQc. Jhc I8W~lhc SuD]cClIVc uuCcuS D cVI~IS 8 QIIDII ucg8lc0 Dj 8Il, IDm
WhICh lhc I0c8 D DcIug uj DImc0 IS Iu0ISQcuS8Dc. JhIS, 8u0 uDl lhc QID-
uDuuCcmcul D mDI8 lhcScS DI lhc SlIIVIug 8lcI mDI8 ccClS, IS 8IlS Q8IlICIQ8-
lIDu Iu lhc mDI8 8u0 mMcS Il Q8Il D 8 mDIc hum8uj WDIlhj SDCIclj.
bDCI8 SUuggcS 8u0 lhc Ic8lIDuS D C8SScS 8Ic ImQIIulc0 Iu lhc SlIuCluIc D 8Il-
WDIXS, Dj CDulI8Sl, lhc QDIlIC8 QDSIlIDuS 0cIDcI8lcj 80DQlc0 Dj 8IlWDIXS 8Ic
cQIQhcuDmcu8 8u0 uSu8j ImQIugc Du lhc c8DDI8lIDu D WDIXS 8u0 lhuS, ulI-
m8lcj, Du lhcII SDCI8 lIulh CDulcul. DIlIC8 DQIuIDuS CDuul DI Illc. l IS QDSSI-
Dc lD 8Iguc DVcI hDW muCh PllIC lI8gc0j, IuCu0Iug lhDSc Dj LuIIQI0cS, lDDX Q8Il
Iu lhc VIDcul SDCI8 CDuRIClS D lhc cQDCh, hDWcVcI, lhc D8SIC lcu0cuCj D U8gIC
DIm, Iu CDulI8Sl lD IlS mjlhIC8 SuD]cClS, lhc 0ISSDulIDu D lhc SQc D 8lc 8u0 lhc
DIIlh D SuD]cClIVIlj, Dc8IS WIlucSS 8S muCh lD SDCI8 cm8uCIQ8lIDu IDm cu08-
8mII8 lIcS 8S, Iu lhc CDISIDu DclWccu mjlhIC8 8W 8u0 SuD]cClIVIlj, lD lhc
8ul8gDuISm DclWccu 8lcu 0DmIu8lIDu 8u0 8 hum8BIlj 8W8XcuIug lD m8luIIlj.
h8l lhIS 8ul8gDuISm, 8S Wc 8S lhc hISlDIICDQhIDSDQhIC8 lcu0cuCj, DcC8mc 8u
8QIIDII D DIm I8lhcI lh8u DcIug lIc8lc0 SImQj 8S lhcm8lIC m8lcII8, cu0DWc0
U8gc0j WIlh IlS SDCI8 SuDSl8ulI8Ilj. bDCIclj 8QQc8IS Iu Il 8 lhc mDIc 8ulhculI-
C8j lhc cSS Il IS lhc Iulcu0c0 DD]cCl. Vc8 Q8IlIS8uShIQ, WhICh IS lhc VIIluc D 8Il-
WDIXS uD cSS lh8u D mcu 8u0 WDmcu, IcSI0cS Iu lhc 0cQlhS, WhcIc lhc SDCI8 8u-
lIuDmIcS DcCDmc lhc 0I8cClIC D DImS. j c80Iu_ lhcm lD 8u_u8_c lhIDu_h lhc
SjulhcSIS D lhc WDIX, 8IlISlS 0D lhcII Q8Il SDCI8j, cVcu LuX8CS Iu hIS 8Sl jc8IS
Duu0 hImSc CDmQcc0 lDW8I0 SuCh CDuSI0cI8lIDuS. tIguI8lIDu, WhICh 8IlICu-
8lcS lhc WDI0cSS 8u0 mulc CDuU80IClIDuS, UcIcDj h8S lhc Iuc8mculS D 8 QI8XIS
lh8l IS uDl SImQj RIghl IDm Ic8 QI8XIS, DguI8lIDu HDS lhc CDuCcQl D 8Il IlSc
8S 8 CDmQDIlmcul. l IS 8 DIm D QI8XIS 8u0 ucc0 uDl 8QDDgIZc lh8l Il 0DcS uDl
8Cl 0IIcClj, WhICh Il CDu0 uDl 0D cVcu I Il W8ulc0 lD, lhc QDIlIC8 ccCl cVcu D
SD-C8c0 CDmmIllc0 Ml IS hIghj uuCcIl8Iu. hc SDCI8 Sl8u0QDIul D 8IlISlS m8j
ScIVc lD IulcIcIc WIlh CDuDImISl CDuSCIDuSucSS, Dul Iu lhc 8Clu8 0cVcDQmcul
D WDIXS lhcj DcCDmc IuSIguIDC8ul. h8l hc cXQIcSSc0 8DDmIu8Dc VIcWS Whcu
NDl8IIc 0Ic0 S8jS uDlhIug 8DDul lhc Uulh CDulcul D DZ8Il S WDIXS. Pl lhc 8Clu8
lImc Whcu 8IlWDIXS 8QQc8I lhcIc IS CcIl8Iuj uD 8DSU8ClIug IDm lhcII IulculIDu,
WhDcVcI WDu0 8llcmQl 8u 8SScSSmcul D IcChl cXCuSIVcj Du lhc D8SIS D lhc
8IlISlIC mcIIl D hIS WDIXS WDu0 8I hIm uD cSS H8u Duc WhD ]u0gcS hIS mcmIug
8CCDI0Iug lD hIS lhcScS. hc Imm8ucuCc D SDCIclj Iu lhc 8IlWDIX IS lhc cSSculI8
SDCI8 Ic8lIDu D 8Il, uDl lhc Imm8ucuCc D 8Il Iu SDCIclj. cC8uSc lhc SDCI8
CDulcul D 8Il IS uDl DC8lc0 cXlcD8j lD IlS prncipiumindividuutionisDul I8lhcI
IuhcIcS Iu Iu0IVI0u8lIDu, WhICh IS IlSc 8 SDCI8 Ic8Ilj, 8IlS SDCI8 Ch8I8ClcI IS
CDuCc8c0 8u0 C8u Duj Dc gI8SQ0 Dj IlS IulcIQIcl8lIDu.
5OLL1Y L ZJJ
3cl cVcu Iu 8IlWOIKS lh8l 8Ic lO lhcII VcIj COIc I0cOOgIC8, lIulh COulcul C8u 8S-
ScIl IlSc. 0cOOgj, SOCI8j ucCcSS8Ij ScmD8uCc, IS Dj lhIS S8mc ucCcSSIlj 8SO
lhc 0ISlOIlc0 Im8gc O lhc lI0c. P lhIcShO0 lh8l 0IVI0cS lhc SOCI8 COuSCIOuSucSS
O 8cSlhclICS HOm lhc QhIISlIuc IS lh8l 8cSlhclICS IcDcClS lhc SOCI8 CIIlIguc O lhc
I0cOOgIC8 Iu 8IlWOIKS, I8lhcI lh8u mcCh8uIC8j IcIlcI8lIug Il. blIcI QIOVI0cS 8
mO0c O lhc lIulh COulcul O 8u OuVIc lh8l IS uu0OuDlc0j I0cOOgIC8 Iu IlS Iulcu-
lIOuS. Ol Ouj lhc COuScIV8lIVc-IcSlOI8lIVc ChOICc O lhcm8lIC m8lcII8 8u0 lhc
/ubu/u docet 8Ic I0cOOgIC8, Dul SO IS lhc OD]cClIVISlIC 0cQOIlmcul O lhc OIm,
WhICh SuggcSlS 8 mICIOOgIC8j lcu0cI WOI0, 8 mcmIuguj COIIcCl Ic lh8l
cu0S IlSc lO u8II8lIOu. hIS IS Whj blIlcI DcC8mc lhc I0O O 8 IcUOSQClIVcj
uODc DOuIgcOISIc. cl lhc 8jcIS O hIS WOIK lh8l OuCc QHVI0c0 hIm WIlh hIS h8-
cSOlcIIC QOQu8IIlj h8Vc WIlh lImc Qccc0 8W8j 8u0 V8uIShc0. hIS, hOWcVcI, IS
uOl lhc 8Sl WOI0 Ou blIlcI, OI lhc IcCOuCIIug, COuCII8lOIj 8SQcClS, cSQcCI8j Iu
hIS 8Sl WOIKS, 8Ic cX8ggcI8lc0. McIc OD]cClIVIlj h8I0cuS IulO 8 m8SK 8u0 lhc Ic
cVOKc0 DcCOmcS 8 0ccuSIVc IIlu8. bhImmcIIug lhIOugh lhc cCCcuUICIlj O lRc
8VcI8gc IS lhc ScCIcl 8u0 0cuIc0 SucIIug O lhc 8Icu8lc0 SuD]cCl 8u0 8u uuIcCOu-
CIc0 Ic. hc Ighl lh8l 8S OVcI hIS m8luIc QIOSc IS 0I8Iuc0 8u0 Dc8K, 8S I Il
WcIc 8cIgIC lO Uc h8QQIucSS O COOI, Il IS, 8S Il WcIc, Ic0uCc0 lO 8 QcuCI SKclCh
Dj lhc cXCuSIOu O cVcIjlhIug uuI0j 8u0 0ISluIDIug lO 8 SOCI8 Ic8Ilj lh8l W8S 8S
IuCOmQ8lIDc WIlh lhc mcul8Ilj O lhc QOcl 8S WIlh lhc cQIC 8QIIOII lh8l hc lOOK
IOm LOUc 8u0 Cuug lO. h8l lI8uSQIIcS, Iu OQQOSIlIOu lO lhc WI O hIS QIOSc,
lhIOugh lhc 0ISCIcQ8uCj DclWccu IlS OIm 8u0 Uc 8Ic80j C8QIl8ISl SOCIclj 0c-
VOVcS uQOu IlS cXQIcSSIOu, I0cOOgIC8 cX8ggcI8lIOu cu0OWS hIS WOIK mc0I8lcj
WIlh IlS uOuI0cOOgIC8 lIulR COulcul, WIlh IlS SuQcIIOIIlj OVcI 8 COuSOIug, 8SSI0-
uOuSj Q8SlOI8 IlcI8luIc, 8u0 Il WOu OI Il lh8l 8ulhculIC gu8Ilj lh8l IclZSChc 80-
mIIc0. blIcI IS lhc Q8I80Igm O hOW Illc QOlIC IulculIOu, cVcu lh8l mc8uIug lh8l
IS 0IIcClj cmDO0Ic0 OI IcQIcSculc0 Iu 8u 8IlWOIK, 8QQIOXIm8lcS IlS OD]cClIVc COu-
lcul, Iu hIS WOIK Uc COulcul IS lIuj lhc ucg8lIOu O lhc mc8uIug, jcl lhIS COulcul
WOu0 uOl cXISl I lhc mc8uIug WcIc uOl Iulcu0c0 Dj lhc WOIK 8u0 lhcu C8uCcc0
8u0 lI8uSOImc0 Dj lhc WOIK S OWu COmQcXIOu. PDIm8lIOu DcCOmcS lhc CIQhcI
O 0cSQ8II 8u0 lhc QuIcSl ucg8lIVIlj O COulcul COul8IuS, 8S Iu blIcI, 8 gI8Iu O
8DIm8lIOu. hc III0cSCcuCc lh8l cm8u8lcS IOm 8IlWOIKS, WhICh lO08j l8DOO 8
8Im8lIOu, IS lhc 8QQc8I8uCc O lhc 8hIm8lIVc ine]ubile,lhc cmcIgcuCc O lhc
uOucXISlIug 8S I Il 0I0 cXISl. lS C8Im lO cXISlcuCc DICKcIS Oul Iu 8cSlhclIC Scm-
D8uCc, jcl Wh8l 0OcS uOl cXISl, Dj 8QQcmIug, IS QIOmISc0. hc COuSlc8lIOu O
lhc cXISlIug 8u0 uOucXISlIug IS l0c ulOQIC hguIc O 8Il. PlhOugh Il IS COmQcc0
lOW8I0 8DSOulc ucg8lIVIlj, Il IS QIcCIScj Dj VIIluc O lhIS ucg8lIVIlj lh8l Il IS uOl
8DSOulcj ucg8lIVc. j uO mc8uS 0O 8IlWOIKS QIIm8IIj 0cVcOQ lhIS IuW8I0j
8ulIuOmI8 8hIm8lIVc ccmcul 8S 8 IcSul O lhcII cXlcD8 8llIlu0c lO Wh8l cXISlS,
lh8l IS, lO SOCIclj, I8lhcI, Il 0cVcOQS Imm8uculj Iu lhcm 8u0 ImmcIScS lhcm Iu
lWIIghl. O Dc8ulj lO08j C8u cV80c lhc gucSlIOu WhclRcI Il IS 8Clu8j Dc8ulIH
8u0 uOl IuSlc80 SuDcQlIlIOuSj 8CguIIc0 Dj Sl8lIC 8hIm8lIOu. 1c 8ulIQ8lhj lO
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W8I0 8QQIc0 8IlS IS, Iu0IIcClj, lhc D80 COuSCIcuCc O 8Il 8S 8 WhOc, WhICh m8KcS
IlSc cl 8l lhc SOuB0 O cVcIj muSIC8 ChOI0 8u0 8l lhc SIghl O cVcIj COOI. hcIc
IS BO Bcc0 OI SOCI8 CIIlICISm O 8Il lO IBVcSlIg8lc lhIS cXlcD8j. l cmcIgcS HOm
lhc IuucI-8cSlhclIC OIm8lIOBS lhcmScVcS. hc hcIghlcuc0 ScuSIlIVIlj O lhc 8cS-
lhclIC ScuSOIIum COuVcIgcS 8SjmQlOlIC8j WIlh lhc SOCI8j mOlIV8lc0 IIIIl8DIIlj
lOW8I0 8Il. B 8Il, I0cOOgj 8B0 Uulh C8BBOl D uc8lj 0ISlIuguIShc0 IOm c8Ch
OlhcI. PIl C8uBOl h8Vc Ouc WIlhOul Uc OlhcI, 8B0 lhIS IcCIQIOCIlj IB luH IS 8u cu-
lICcmcBl lOW8I0 lhc I0cOOgIC8 mISuSc O 8Il 8S muCh 8S Il IS 8u culICcmcul lOW8I0
Summ8IIj HBIShIug Il O. l IS Ouj 8 SlcQ HOm lhc ulOQI8 O lhc Sc-IKcBcSS O
8IlWOIKS lO lhc SlIBK O lhc hc8Vcuj IOScS lh8l 8Il SC8llcIS hcIc DcOW 8S 0O lhc
WOmcB Iu bChIcI S lII80c. hc mOIc DI8ZcBj SOCIclj IS lI8uSOImc0 IulO 8 lOl8-
Ilj Iu WhICh Il 8SSIgBS cVcIjlhIug, IBCu0Iug 8Il, lO IlS Q8Cc, lhc mOIc COmQclcj
0OcS 8Il QO8IIZc IulO I0cOOgj 8u0 QIOlcSl, 8u0 lhIS QO8IIZ8lIOu IS h8I0j lO 8Il S
80V8ul8gc. PDSOulc QIOlcSl COuSU8IuS Il 8u0 C8IIIcS OVcI lO IlS OWB I8ISOB 0 clIc,
I0cOOgj lhIBS Oul lO 8u ImQOVcIIShc0 8B0 8ulhOIIlMI8u COQj O Ic8Ilj.
B lhc CuluIc IcSuIIcClc0 8cI lhc C8l8SUOQhc, 8Il~Icg8I0cSS O IlS COulcul 8u0
SuDSl8uCc [lnhult 8u0 LehulI| ~h8S cVcB l8Kcu Ou 8u I0cOOgIC8 8SQcCl Dj IlS
mcIc cXISlcBCc. u IlS 0ISQIOQOIlIOB lO lhc hODOI lh8l h8S lI8uSQIIc0 8u0 lhIc8lcuS,
I l I S COB0cmBc0 lO CjBICISm, cVcB WhcIc I l 0IIcClj 8CcS lhc hOIIOI, I l 0IVcIlS 8l-
lculIOu IOm Il. 1lS OD]cClIV8lIOB ImQIcS IuScuSIlIVIlj lO Ic8Ilj. hIS 0cgI80cS 8Il
lO 8B 8CCOmQICc O lhc D8ID8IISm lO WhICh Il SuCCumDS BO cSS Whcu Il IcuOuuCcS
OD]cClIV8lIOB 8u0 0IIcClj Q8jS 8Oug, cVcu WhcB lhIS l8KcS lhc OIm O QOcmIC8
COmmIlmcul. LVcIj 8IlWOIK lO08j, lhc I80IC8 OucS IuCu0c0, h8S IlS COuScIV8lIVc
8SQcCl, IlS cXISlcuCc hcQS lO ScCuIc lhc SQhcIcS O SQIIIl 8u0 CuluIc, WhOSc Ic8
QOWcIcSSBcSS 8u0 COmQICIlj WIlh lhc QOBCIQc O 0IS8SlcI DcCOmcS Q8Iuj cVI-
0cBl. ul lhIS COBScIV8lIVc ccmcul~WhICh, COulI8Ij lO lhc Ucu0 lOW8I0 SOCI8
IBlcgI8lIOB, IS SUOugcI Iu 80V8uCc0 WOIKS lh8B IB lhc mOIc mO0cI8lc OucS-0OcS
uOl SImQj 0cScIVc ODIVIOB. LBj IBSO8I 8S SQIIIl, IB IlS mOSl 80V8uCc0 OIm, SuI-
VIVcS 8B0 QcIScVcIcS IS 8uj OQQOSIlIOu lO lhc lOl8 0OmIu8lIOu O lhc SOCI8 lOl8Ilj
QOSSIDc. P humMIlj lO WhICh QIOgIcSSIVc SQIIIl 8IS lO DcQuc8lh Wh8l hum8BIlj
IS QOISc0 lO IQuI08lc WOu0 0IS8QQc8I Iu 8 D8ID8IISm lh8l 8 Ic8SOB8Dc SOCI8 OI0cI
ShOu0 QIcVcBl. PIl, cVcu 8S SOmclhIug lOcI8lc0 Iu lhc 80mIuISlcIc0 WOI0, cm-
DO0IcS Wh8l 0DS uOl 8OW IlSc lO Dc m8u8gc0 8B0 Wh8l lOl8 m8u8gcmcBl SuQ-
QIcSScS. LIccCcS BcW ljI8BlS KBcW Whj lhcj D8Buc0 cCKcllS Q8jS, IB WhICh
lhcIc IS uOl 8 SIugc QOIlIC8 WOI0. PSOCI8Ilj DcCOmcS lhc SOCI8 cgIlIm8lIOB O
8Il. tO lhc S8Kc O IcCOuCII8UOB, 8ulhculIC WOIKS muSl DOl Oul cVcIj U8Cc O
IcCOBCII8lIOu IB mcmOIj. P lhc S8mc, lhc uBIlj lh8l cVcB 0ISSOCI8lIVc WOIKS 0O
BOl cSC8Qc IS uOl WIlhOul 8 lI8Cc O lhc O0 IcCOuCII8lIOu. PIlWOIKS 8Ic, 8 QIIOII,
SOCI8j CuQ8Dc, 8u0 c8Ch Ouc lh8l 0cScIVcS IlS u8mc SccKS lO cXQI8lc UIS guIl.
hcII QOSSIDIIlj O SuIVIVIug IcQuIIcS lh8l lhcII SlI8IuIug lOW8I0 SjBlhcSIS 0c-
VcOQ IB lhc OIm O lhcII IIIcCOBCI8DIIlj. IlhOul lhc SjBlhcSIS, WhICh COuHOulS
Ic8Ilj 8S lhc 8ulOBOmOuS 8IlWOIK, lhcIc WOu0 Dc uOlhIug cXlcD8 lO Ic8Ilj S
5OC1Y '
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35
SQc, Ihc QIIuCIQc O lhc ISO8IIOu O SQIIII, WhICD C8SIS 8 SQc 8IOuu0 IISc, IS
8SO lDc QIIuCIQc U8l DIc8KS lhIOu_D IDc SQc Dj m8KIu_ Il 0cIcImIu8lc.
h8I Ihc uOmIu8ISlIC Icu0cuCj O 8Il lOW8I0 Ihc 0cSUuClIOu O 8 QIccSl8DIShc0
C8lc_OIIcS O OI0cI D8S SOCI8 ImQIC8lIOuS IS cVI0cul Iu lDc cucmIcS O mO0cD 8II,
II_Dl uQ lO LmI bl8I_cI. hcII SjmQ8lhj OI WD8l lhcj C8 8 Leitbi/J,8 _uI0Iu_
QIIuCIQc, IS QIcCIScj UcII SjmQ8Ihj OI SOI8, Q8IlICumj ScXu8, IcQIcSSIOu. Dc
DOu0 DcIWccu 8 SOCI8j Ic8CIIOu8Ij QOSluIc 8u0 h8Uc0 OI lhc 8IIISIIC8j mO0cD,
WhICh lhc 8u8jSIS O lhc ODc0Icul CD8I8ClcI m8KcS 8QQ8IcuI, IS 0OCumculc0 Dj
ucW 8u0 O0 8SCISl QIOQ8_8u08, 8u0 Il IS 8SO COuHImc0 Dj cmQIIIC8 SOCI8 Ic-
Sc8ICh.
`
hc I8_c 8_8IuSl lhc QuIQOIlc0 0cSUuCIIOu O S8CIOS8uCl CuluI8 _D0S,
WDICh OI lD8I Ic8SOu 8Ouc C8u uO Ou_cI Dc cXQcIIcuCc0 8S SuCh, ScIYcS lO m8SK
Ihc Ic8 0cSUuClIVc WISDcS O lhc Iu0I_u8ul. tOI lhc IuIu_ COuSCIOuSucSS, 8uj COu-
SCIOuSucSS lD8l WOu0 h8Vc lhc WOI0 OlDcI lh8u Il IS 8W8jS SccmS Ch8OlIC DcC8uSc
II 0cVI8lcS IOm 8 QcUIDc0 Ic8Ilj. ucVIl8Dj UOSc WhO I8I Ou0cSI 8_8IuSl lDc 8-
8ICDj O mO0cH 8Il, WhICD OI lhc mOSl Q8Il h8I0j cXISIS, COuVIuCc lhcmScVcS O
Wh8l lhcj QIcSumc lO Dc IDc u8luIc O lhcII cucmj Ou Ihc D8SIS O CIu0c cIIOIS 8l lhc
SImQcSl cVc O IuOD8lIOu, Iu0cc0, lDcIc IS uO IcSQOu0I0_ lO lDcm, DcC8uSc WD8l
lDcj D8Vc 0cCI0c0 Iu 80V8uCc lO Ic]cCl Ihcj 8Ic uOl WIIu_ lO cXQIIcuCc Iu lhc HISl
Q8Cc. 1u lhIS Ihc 0IVISIOu O 8DOI IuCOulcSl8Dj Dc8IS Q8II O Uc D8mc. hc uOu-
SQcCI8ISl WI uO mOIc uu0cISl8u0 Uc mOSl IcCcul 0cVcOQmcuIS Iu uuCc8I QDjSICS
lh8u Ihc 8j QcISOu WI SU8I_hl8W8j _I8SQ cXUcmcj COmQcX ucW muSIC OI Q8Iul
Iu_. hcIc8S, hOWcVcI, lhc IuCOmQIcDcuSIDIIlj O QhjSICS IS 8CCcQlc0 Ou Uc
8SSumQIIOu lh8l Iu QIIuCIQc IIS I8IIOu8IQ C8u D OOWc0 8u0 IlS IhcOIcmS uu0cI-
SIOO0 Dj 8ujOuc, mO0cD 8IlS IuCOmQIchcuSIDIIlj IS DI8u0c0 8S SCDIZOI0 8IDI
UmucSS, cVcu lhOu_h Uc 8cSIDcIIC8j IuCOmQIchcuSIDc _IVcS W8j lO cXQcIIcuCc
uO cSS Ih8u 0OcS lhc SCIculIDC8j ODSCuIc. 1 8Il IS C8Q8Dc O Ic8IZIu_ IlS hum8uc
uuIVcIS8Ilj 8I 8, lhcu Il IS cXCuSIVcy Dj mc8uS O lhc II_OIOuS 0IVISIOu O 8DOI
PujlDIu_ cSc IS 8Sc COuSCIOuSucSS. OIKS O Qu8Ilj, lhOSc lh8l 8Ic uj OImc0
Iu IhcmScVcS, 8Ic OD]cClIVcj cSS Ch8OlIC Ih8u IuuumcI8Dc WOIKS lh8l h8Vc OI-
0cIj 8C80cS SOmchOW S8QQ0 Ou WDIc uu0cHc8U IhcII OWu SUuCIuIc CIumDcS.
cW 8Ic 0ISluIDc0 Dj lhIS. LccQ 0OWu 8u0 COuII8Iy IO IlS DclIcI ]u0_mcul, lhc DOuI-
_cOIS CDm8ClcI lcu0S lO CIu_ lO Wh8l IS IucIIOI, Il IS Hu08mcul8 lO I0cOO_j lh8l
II IS ucVcI Hj DcIcVc0 8u0 lh8I Il 80V8uCcS IOm Sc-0IS0mu lO Sc-0cSUuClIOu.
Jc ScmI-c0uC8lc0 COuSCIOuSucSS IuSISIS Ou lDc IKc lh8l, 8u_hIu_ WIIh CjuIC8
cmD8II8SSmcul 8l lhc 8Cl lD8l CuluI8 U8Sh IS cXQIcSSj m80c lO 0uQc lhc COu-
SumcI. PS 8 cISuIc-lImc OCCuQ8IIOu, 8Il ShOu0 Dc COZj 8u0 0ISCIclIOu8Ij, QcOQc
Qul uQ WIlD lhc 0cCcQlIOu DcC8uSc Ihcj ScuSc ScCIclj lh8l lhc QIIuCIQc O lhcII OWu
S8uc D8ISm IS lDc I8u0 O cQu8 cXCD8u_c. l IS WIUIu lhIS 8Sc 8u0 8l lhc S8mc
lImc 8II8Icu COuSCIOuSucSS lh8l lDc DClIOu8 ccmcul O 8Il, IlS IuSOIIucSS, 0cVc-
OQS Iu DOuI_cOIS SOCIclj. ManJasva/tJecipiIS lhc C8lc_ODC8 ImQcI8lIVc O 8IIIS-
lIC COuSumQlIOu. hIS I8IuIS 8 SuQQOSc0j umVc 8IlISlIC cXQcIIcuCc, 8u0 lO lhIS
cXlcul Il IS uOl u81Vc. hc 0OmIu8ul COuSCIOuSucSS IS OD]cClIVcj c0 lO lDIS 08uK
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Cu0Iug 8cSlhclIC m8luIIly, lh8l IS QDSlu8lc0 Dy lhc DI0cI lh8l lhcy CIug lD 8S lhcII
DWu 8u0 8l 8uy QIICc. hc CIIlIC8 CDuCcQl D SDCIcly, WhICh IuhcIcS Iu 8ulhculIC
MlWDIKS WIlhDul ucc0Iug lD Dc 800c0 lD lhcm, IS IuCDmQ8lIDc WIlh Wh8l SDIcly
muSl mmD IlSc I Il IS lD CDulIuuc 8S Il IS, lhc IuIug CDuSCIDuSucSS C8uuDl Icc
IlSc Dm IlS DWu I0cDDgy WIlhDul cu08ugcIIug SDCIcly S Sc-QIcScIV8lIDu. hIS
CDucIS SDCI8 IccV8uCc Du 8QQ8Iculy 0cIIV8lIVc 8cSlhclIC CDulIDVcISIcS.
h8l SDCIcly 8QQ8IS Iu 8IlWDIKS WIlh QDcmIC8 UuU 8S Wc 8S I0cDDgIC8y,
IS CDu0uCIVc lD hISlDIICDQhIDSDQhIC8 mySlIDC8lIDu. bQcCu8lIDu 8 lDD c8SIy
8S QIcy lD lhc I0c8 D 8 h8ImDuy DclWccu SDCIcly 8u0 8IlWDIKS lh8l h8S Dccu
QIccSl8DIShc0 Dy lhc WDI0 SQIIIl. ul lhcDIy muSl uDl C8QIlu8lc lD lh8l Ic8lIDu-
ShIQ. hc QIDCcSS lh8l lI8uSQIIcS Iu 8IlWDIKS 8u0 IS DIDughl lD 8 Sl8u0SlI Iu lhcm,
IS lD Dc CDuCcIVc0 8S lhc S8mc SDCI8 QIDCcSS Iu WhICh lhc 8IlWDIKS 8Ic cmDc00c0,
8CCDI0Iug lD LcIDuIZS DImu8lIDu, lhcy IcQIcScul lhIS QIDCcSS WIu0DWcSSy. hc
ccmculS D 8u 8IlWDIK 8CQuIIc lhcII CDuDguI8lIDu 8S 8 WhDc Iu DDc0IcuCc lD Im-
m8ucul 8WS lh8l 8Ic Ic8lc0 lD lhDSc D lhc SDCIcly cXlcH8 lD Il. bDCI8 DICcS D
QID0uClIDu, 8S Wc 8S Ic8lIDuS D QID0uClIDu, Hl0 Iu 8IlWDIKS 8S mcIc DImS
0IVcSlc0 D lhcII 8ClICIly DcC8uSc 8IlISlIC 8DDI IS SDCI8 8DDI, mDIcDVcI, lhcy 8Ic
8W8yS lhc QID0uCl D lhIS 8DDI. u 8IlWDIKS, lhc DICcS D QID0uClIDu 8Ic uDl Iu-
lhcmScVcS 0IcIcul IOm SDCI8 QID0uClIVc DICcS cXCcQl Dy lhcII CDuSlIlulIVc
8DSculIug IDm Ic8 SDCIcly. bC8ICcy myUIug IS 0Duc DI QID0uCc0 Iu 8IlWDIKS
lh8l 0DcS uDl h8Vc IlS mD0c, hDWcVcI 8lculy, Iu SDCI8 QID0uClIDu. hc DIu0Iug
DICc D 8IlWDIKS, DcyDu0 lhc ]uIIS0IClIDu D lhcII Imm8ucuCc, DIIgIu8lcS Iu lhIS
8HuIly. 8IlWDIKS 8Ic Iu 8Cl 8DSDulc CDmmD0IlIcS Iu lh8l lhcy 8Ic 8 SDCI8 QID0-
uCl lh8l h8S Ic]cClc0 cVcIy ScmD8uCc D cXISlIug DI SDCIcly, 8 ScmD8uCc lD WhICh
CDmmD0IlIcS DlhcIWISc uIgculy CIug, lhc 0clcImIuIug Ic8lIDu D QID0uClIDu, Uc
CDmmD0Ily DIm, culcIS lhc 8IlWDIK cQu8y WIlh lhc SDCI8 DICc D QID0uClIDu
8u0 lhc 8ul8gDuISm DclWccu lhc lWD. hc 8DSDulc CDmmD0Ily WDu0 Dc Icc D
lhc I0cDDgy IuhcIcul Iu lhc CDmmD0Ily DIm, WhICh QIclcu0S lD cXISl DI-mDlhcI,
WhcIc8S IIDuIC8y Il IS SDmclhIug mcIcy DI-IlSc. l cXISlS DI lhDSc WhD hD0
QDWcI. hIS IcVcIS8 D I0cDDgy IulD lIulh IS 8 IcVcIS8 D 8cSlhclIC CDulcul, 8u0
uDl Immc0I8lcy 8 IcVcIS8 D lhc 8llIlu0c D 8Il lD SDCIcly. LVcu lhc 8DSDulc CDm-
mD0Ily Icm8IuS S88Dc 8u0 h8S DcCDmc 8 u8luI8 mDuDQDy. h8l 8IlWDIKS 8Ic
DcIc0 DI S8c 8l lhc m8IKcl~]uSl 8S QDlS 8u0 Sl8lucllcS DuCc WcIcIS uDl lhcII
mISuSc Dul I8lhcI lhc SImQc CDuScQucuCc D lhcII Q8HICIQ8lIDu Iu lhc Ic8lIDuS D
QID0uClIDu. hDIOughy uDuI0cDDgIC8 8Il IS Iu0cc0 QIDD8Dy CDmQclcy ImQDS-
SIDc. lS mcIc 8ulIlhcSIS lD cmQIDC8 Ic8Ily 0DcS uDl SuHCc lD m8Kc Il SD, b8IUc`
IIghly 8CCculc0 lh8l lhc QIIuCIQc D l ' urtpourl ' urt,WhICh h8S QIcV8Ic0 Iu I8uCc
SIuCc 8u0c8IIc, ]uSl 8S Iu LcIm8uy Uc 8cSUclIC I0c8 D 8Il QIcV8Ic0 8S 8u Iu-
SlIlulIDu D mDI8 IcDIm, W8S l8Kcu uQ Dy lhc DDuIgcDISIc 8S 8 mc8uS DI lhc
uculI8IZ8lIDu D 8Il WIlh lhc S8mc WIIugucSS WIlh WhICh Iu LcIm8uy 8Il W8S
8QQIDQII8lc0 8S 8 CDSlumc0 8y D SDCI8 CDulID 8u0 DI0cI. h8l IS I0cDDgIC8 Iu
5OCL1Y c 237
lhc QIIuCIQlc D l' urtpcurl' urtCDcS uDl h8Vc IlS lDCuS Iu lhc cucI_clIC 8ulIlhcSIS D
8Il lD lhc cmQIIIC8 WDIlC Dul I8lhcI Iu lhc 8DSU8ClucSS 8uC 8CIlc Ch8I8ClcI D lhIS
8ulIlhcSIS. hc ICc8 D Dc8ulj 8CVDC8lcC Dj l'urtpcur/'urt,8l lc8Sl 8S Il h8S CcVcl-
DQcC SIuCc 8uCcl8IIc, W8S uDl lD Dc Cl8SSIC8l DIm8lISm, jcl Il CIC IuCccC cXCluCc
8ll CDulcul [Inhu/tJ 8S CISIuQlIVc lh8l CIC uDl, DcDIc uuCcI_DIu_ lhc l8W D DIm
8uC lhuS QHCISclj 8uD-8IlISlIC8llj, SuDmIl lD 8 CD_m8lIC C8uDu D Dc8ulj. l IS Iu
lhIS SQIIIl lh8l LcDI_c Iu 8 lcllcI cXCDII8lcS MDm8uuSlh8l DI h8VIu_ 8!lDWcC lhc
Q8IulcI Iu lhc Deuthc/ 1itiun lD CIc D lhc Ql8_uc.

L' urtpcur/' urt S CDuCcQl D
Dc8ulj DcCDmcS 8l DuCc SlI8u_clj cmQlj 8uC ImQIISDucC Dj lhcm8lIC m8lcII8l, 8
SDIl D 1uendsti/ 8!I8u_cmcul 8S IcVc8lcC Iu DScu S DImul8IC CcSCIIQlIDuS D
VIuc lc8VcS culWIucC Iu lDCKS D h8II 8BC D CjIu_ Iu Dc8ulj. c8ulj, QDWcIcSS lD
CcDuc IlScl 8uC Dulj 8Dlc lD _8Iu IlS CcDuIlIDu Dj W8j D IlS DlhcI, 8 SDIl D 8cII8l
IDDl, DCDmcS cul8u_lcC Iu lhc 8lc D 8IlIDCI8l DD8mcul8lIDu. hIS ICc8 D Dc8ulj
IS lImIlcC DcC8uSc Il SclS IlScl uQ 8S CIIcCllj 8ulIlhclIC8l lD 8 SDCIclj Ic]cClcC
u_lj I8lhcI lh8u, 8S 8uCcl8IIc 8uC HImD8uC CIC, cXlI8ClIu_ lhIS 8ulIlhcSIS IDm
lhc CDulcul [hh0ll| IDm lhc Im8_cIj D 8IIS, Iu 8uCcl8IIcS IuSl8BCc~8uC
QullIu_ Il lD Uc lcSl. Lulj Iu lhIS 8ShIDu CDulC ShccI CISl8uCc DcCDmc lhc IulcI-
VculIDu D Cclc!mIu8lc uc_8lIDu. l IS QIcCISclj lhc 8ul8IChj D ucDIDm8ulIC 8uC
SjmDDlISl Dc8ulj, IlS lImICIlj VIS-8-VIS lhDSc SDCI8l clcmculS Iu WhICh DIm cXClu-
SIVclj DcCDmcS DIm, lh8l 8CCDuulS DI IlS I8QIC lI8uSDIm8lIDu IulD SDmclhIu_ SD
c8SIlj CDuSum8Dlc. hIS Dc8ulj CcCcIVcS 8DDul lhc CDmmDCIlj WDI!C Dj ScllIu_
Il 8SICc, UIS gu8IDcS Il 8S 8 CDmmDCIlj. hcII l8lcul CDmmDCIlj DIm h8S IuucI-
8IlISlIC8llj CDuCcmucC lhc WDIKS D / 'urtpcur/ 'urtlD KIlSCh, 8S WhICh lhcj 8Ic
lDC8j IICICulcC. u HImD8uC Il WDulC Dc QDSSIDlc lD ShDW lh8l DIllcIlj S8IC8SlIC
DQQDSIlIDu lD SDCIclj CDh8DIlS uuCIIlIC8llj WIlh 8 SuDmISSIVcucSS CDmQ8I8Dlc lD
HIlKcS I8QluIc DVcI C8DMcl SDu_S 8uC lhc I8_I8uCc D 8u DlC ChcSl, ullIm8lclj Il
W8S 8DIm8lIDu lh8l lIIumQhcC, 8uC lhc QIIuCIQlc D /'urtpcur/'urtW8S uDl lD Dc
S8VcC. l IS DI UIS Ic8SDu lh8l SDCI8llj lhc SIlu8lIDu D 8Il IS lDC8j 8QDIclIC. 8Jl
CcCcS IlS 8ulDuDmj, Il CclIVcIS IlScl DVcI lD lhc m8ChIu8lIDuS D lhc Sl8luS QuD,
I 8Il Icm8IuS SlIICllj DI-IlScl, Il uDuclhclcSS SuDmIlS lD Iulc_I8lIDu Duc h8Im-
lcSS CDm8Iu 8mDu_ DlhcIS. hc SDCI8l lDl8lIlj 8QQc8IS Iu lhIS 8QDII8, SW8llDWIu_
WhDlc Wh8lcVcI DCCuIS. h8l WDIKS IcuDuuCc CDmmuuIC8lIDu IS 8 ucCcSS8Ij jcl
Dj uD mc8uS SuCIcul CDuCIlIDu D lhcII uuICcDlD_IC8l cSScuCc. hc CcuU8l CIIlc-
IIDu IS lhc DICc D cXQIcSSIDu, lhIDu_h lhc lcuSIDu D WhICh 8IlWDIKS DcCDmc clD-
gucul WIU WDIClcSS _cSluIc. u cXQIcSSIDu lhcj IcVc8l lhcmSclVcS 8S lhc WDuuCS
D SDCIclj, cXQIcSSIDu IS lhc SDCI8l cImcul D lhcII 8ulDuDmDuS DIm. hc QIIuCI-
Q8l WIlucSS DI lhIS IS IC8SSD S Cuemicu lh8l, SUICllj IuCDmQ8lIDlc WIlh QIc-
SCIIDcC H8lISm, QIcCISclj Dj mc8uS D Iuhum8uc CDuSlIuClIDu, 8ChIcVcS 8 lcVcl D
cXQIcSSIDu lh8l Sh8IuS Il lD SDCI8l QIDlcSl DcjDuC 8!l CDulcmQl8lIVc mISuuCcI-
Sl8uCIu_. hc SDCI8llj CIIlIC8! ZDucS D 8IlWDIKS 8Ic lhDSc WhcIc Il huIlS, WhcIc Iu
lhcII cXQIcSSIDu, hISlDIIC8llj CclcImIucC, lhc uuUulh D lhc SDCI8l SIlu8lIDu CDmcS
lD lI_hl. l IS 8Clu8llj lhIS 8_8IuSl WhICh lhc I8_c 8l 8Il Ic8ClS.
ZJB L 5OC1Y
PIlWOIK8 8Ic 8Dc lO 8QQIOQII8lc lhcII hclcIO_cucOu8 ccmcul, lhcII culWIucmcul
WIlh 8OCIclj, DcC8u8c lhcj 8Ic lhcm8cVc8 8W8j8 8l lhc 88mc lImc 8OmclhIu_
8OCI8. cVcIlhcc88, 8Il8 8ulOuOmj, WIc8lcC Q8Iuuj HOm 8OCIclj 88 Wc 88 8O-
CI8j CcIIVcC Iu Il8c, h88 lhc QOlculI8 O IcVcI8Iu_ IulO hclcIOuOmj, cVcIjlhIu_
ucW I8 Wc8KcI lh8u lhc 8CCumu8lcC cVcI-88mc, 8uC Il I8 Ic8Cj lO Ic_Ic88 D8CK IulO
Il. hc we cuC8Q8ucC Iu lhc OD]cClIV8lIOu O WOIK8 I8 uOl I8CIC8j OlhcI lh8u lhc
cXlcD8 we, hOWcVcI IcQuculj Il I8 lhc Ic8ICuc O 8 Ic8 weU8l I8 Q88l. h8l I8
Whj COcClIVc 8QQc8 I8 uOl 8ImQj lhc OII_Iu8 8Iu O 8IlWOIK8, I8lhcI, 8OmclhIu_
Iu lhcII 8W O OIm ImQIc8 Il. l I8 uOl Oul O OD8c88IOu WIlh QOIlIC8 lh8l _Ic8l
LIccK QhIO8OQhj 8CCOICcC 8c8lhclIC ccCl 8O muCh mOIc WcI_hl lh8u Il8 OD]cC-
lIVc lcuOI WOuC ImQj. LVcI 8IuCc 8Il h88 COmc WIlhIu lhc QuIVIcW O lhcOIclIC8
IcHcClIOu, lhc 8llcI h88 Dccu lcmQlcC~Dj I8I8Iu_ Il8c 8DOVc 8IllO 8IuK Dc-
uc8lh 8Il 8uC 8uIIcuCcI Il lO QOWcI Ic8lIOu8. h8l I8 lOC8j C8cC 8Ilu8lIu_ 8 WOIK
IuVOVc8 cXIlIu_ IOm lhc 8c8lhclIC 8QhcIc, lhc Chc8Q 8OVcIcI_ulj lh8l 888I_u8 8Il
Il8 8OCI8 QO8IlIOu, 8lcI CI8mI88Iu_ Il8 Imm8ucuCc O OIm 88 8 V8Iu 8uC u81Vc 8c-
Ccu8IOu, lcuC8 lO lIc8l lhc WOIK 88 I Il WcIc uOlhIu_ Dul Wh8l Il8 8OCI8 uuClIOu
COuCcmu8 Il lO. hc _OOC 8uC D8C m8IK8 8lO CI8lIIDulcC lO m 8CCOICIu_ lO
WhcUcI OI uOl Il COuOImcC lO lhc mIIl8Ij VIIluc8 O lhc COmmuuIlj hc COuu8cC
WIlh ulOQI8, hI8 lOl8Il8II8u I8uCOI 8_8Iu8l Ic8 OI 8QIlcuj IuVculcC CcC8CcuCc,
cVcu hI8 8VcI8IOu lO lhc Ic8 O QOcl8, WhICh 8Ic 8lcI 8 uOlhIu_ Dul 8Il8 8cm-
D8uCc Ch8I8ClcI, WhICh 8lO hOQcC lO 8umDOu lO lhc 8uQQOIl O lhc 8l8lu8 QuO
8 lhI8 l8Iul8 lhc COuCcQl O 8Il Iu lhc 88mc mOmcul Iu WhICh Il W88 hI8l COu-
8CIOu8j IccClcC uQOu. hc QuI_Iu_ O lhc 8cCl8 Iu PII8lOlc 8 IoeticsuO Ou_cI
m8Kc8 cQu8j Hm 8CmI88IOu O Il8 CcVOlIOu lO IuIu_ IulcIc8l8, jcl Il 8uQQOIl8
lhcm 8 Uc 88mc Iu lh8l hI8 ICc8 O 8uDIm8lIOu culIu8l8 8Il WIlh lhc l88K O QIO-
VICIu_ 8c8lhclIC 8cmD8uCc 88 8 8uD8lIlulc 88lI88ClIOu OI lhc DOCIj 88lI88ClIOu
O lhc lm_clcC QuDIC 8 Iu8lIuCl8 8C uccC8. L8Um8I8 I8 8 QuI_Iu_ 8ClIOu CIIcClcC
8_8Iu8l lhc 8cCl8 8uC 8u 8j O IcQIc88IOu. PII8lOlcI8u C8Um8I8 I8 Q8Il O 8 8uQI-
8uuu8lcC mjlhOO_j O 8Il 8uC Iu8CcQu8lc lO lhc 8Clu8 ccCl8 O 8Il. 1u IcluH,
8IlWOIK8 h8Vc Ic8IZcC Iu lhcm8cVc8, Dj 8QIIIlu8IZ8lIOu, Wh8l lhc LIccK8 QIO-
]cClcC Ou lhcII cXlcD8 ccCl. hcj 8Ic, Iu lhc QIOCc88 lhcj C8IQ Oul DclWccu
lhc 8W O OIm 8uC lhcII m8lcII8 COulcul, lhcII OWu C8lh8I8I8. buDIm8lIOu, cVcu
8c8lhclIC 8uDIm8lIOu, IuCOulc8l8Dj Q8IlICIQ8lc8 Iu CIVI8lOIj QIO_Ic88 8uC cVcu Iu
IuucI-8IlI8lIC QIO_Ic88 Il8c, Dul Il 88O h88 Il8 ICcOO_IC8 8ICc. P, 88 8 8uHO_8lc
88lI88ClIOu, Dj VIIluc O lhc 8Cl lh8l Il I8 8QuIIOu8, IOD8 8uDIm8lIOu O lhc CI_uIlj
OI WhICh lhc WhOc O C888ICI8m m8Cc QIOQ8_8uC8, 8 C888ICI8m lh8l 8uIVIVcC OI
mOIc lh8u lWO lhOu88uC jc8I8 uuCcI lhc QIOlcClIOu O PII8lOlc8 8ulhOIIlj. hc
COCUIuc O C8lh8I8I8 ImQulc8 lO 8Il lhc QIIuCIQc lh8l ulIm8lcj lhc CuluIc IuCu8-
lIj 8QQIOQII8lc8 8uC 8CmIuI8lcI8. hc IuCcX O Il8 uuUulh I8 lhc Wc-OuuCcC
COuDl WhclhcI lhc 88ul8Ij PII8lOlcI8u ccCl cVcI OCCuIIcC, 8uD8lIlulc 88lI88C-
lIOu m8j Wc h8Vc 8Q8WucC IcQIc88cC Iu8lIuCl8. ~LVcu lhc C8lc_OIj O lhc ucW,
WhICh Iu lhc 8IlWOIK IcQIc8cul8 Wh8l h88 jcl lO cXI8l 8uC lh8l WhcIcDj lhc WOIK
5OLL1Y c Z3
U8BSCcBCS lBc _IVcB, Dc8IS lBc SC8I O lBc cVcIS8mc uBCcDc8lB lBc COBSl8Bly
BcW. LOBSCIOuSBcSS, cllcIcC lO lBIS C8y, B8S BOl _8IBcC m8SlcIy OVcI lBc BcW, BOl
cVcB IB lBc Im8_c. LOBSCIOuSBcSS CIc8mS o/lBc BcW Dul IS BOl 8Dc lO CIc8m lBc
BcW IlSc. lBc cm8BCIQ8lIOB O 8Il W8S QOSSIDc OBy lBIOu_B lBc 8QQIOQII8lIOB
O lBc COmmOCIly CB8I8ClcI, lBIOu_B WBICB 8Il _8IBcC lBc ScmD8BCc O IlS DcIB_
IB-IlSc, lBcB IB lBc COuISc O lB8l CcVcOQmcBl lBc COmmOCIly CB8I8ClcI W8S
CIOQQcC IOm lBc 8IlWOIKS, 1uenJsti/Q8ycC BO Sm8 IOc IB lBIS, WIlB IlS ICcO-
O_y O lBc IcIBlIOCuClIOB O 8Il IBlO Ic 8S Wc 8S WIlB lBc ScBS8lIOBS O ICc,
C PBBuBZIO, 8BC N8clctIBCK, WBO ScIVcC 8S QIcuCcS lO lBc CuluIc IBCuSUy. IO-
_IcSSIVc SuD]cClIVc CIcIcBlI8lIOB, lBc BcI_BlcBIB_ 8BC cXQ8BSIOB O lBc SQBcIc O
8cSlBclIC SlImuI, m8Cc lBcSc SlImuI m8BIQu8Dc, lBcy WcIc 8Dc lO Dc QIOCuCcC
OI lBc CuluI8 m8IKclQ8Cc. Bc 8lluBcmcBl O 8Il lO lBc mOSl DcclIB_ IBCIVICu8
Ic8ClIOBS W8S DOuBC uQ WIlB lBc IcIDC8lIOB O lBcSc Ic8ClIOBS, 8IlS _IOWIB_ SImI-
8IIly lO SuD]cClIVc QBySIC8 cXISlcBCc CISl8BCcC Il8S 8t 8S Uc m8]ODly O 8IlIS-
lIC QIOCuClIOB W8S COBCcDcC~IOm IlS OD]cClIVIly 8BC 8l lBc S8mc lImc COm
mcBCcC Il lO lBc QuDIC, lO lBIS cXlcBl lBc W8lCBWOIC l ' unpourl ' unW8S lBc m8SK
O IlS OQQOSIlc. B8l IS Uuc IB lBc uQIO8I OVcI CcC8CcBCc IS lB8l SuD]cClIVc CIcI
cBlI8lIOB B8S 8B 8SQcCl O c_O-Wc8KBcSS, 8B 8SQcCl SB8tcC WIlB lBc mcBl8Ily O
lBc CuluIc IBCuSlIy 8 CuSlOmcIS 8BC SOmclBIB_ lBc CuluIc IBCuSUy KBcW BOW lO
cXQOIl. IlSCB IS BOl, 8S lBOSc DcIcVcIS IB cIuCIlc Culutc WOuC IKc lO Im8_IBc,
lBc mcIc IcuSc O 8D, OII_IB8lIB_ IB CISOy8 8CCOmmOC8lIOB lO lDc cBcmy, I8lBcI,
Il uIKS IB 8Il, 8W8IlIB_ cVcI IcCuItIB_ OQQOIluBIlIcS lO SQIIB_ OtlB. PlBOu_B
KIlSCB cSC8QcS, ImQIKc, IOm cVcB 8 BISlOIIC8 CcDBIlIOB, OBc O IlS mOSl lcB8-
CIOuS CB8I8ClcIISlICS IS lBc QIcV8tIC8lIOB O ccIB_S, DClIOB8 ccIB_S IB WBICB BO
OBc IS 8Clu8y Q8IlICIQ8lIB_, 8BC lBuS lBc BculI8IZ8lIOB O lBcSc ccIB_S. IlSCB
Q8IOCIcS C8lB8tSIS. PmDIlIOuS 8Il, BOWcVcI, QIOCuCcS lBc S8mc DClIOB O ccIB_S,
IBCccC, lBIS W8S cSScBlI8 lO Il. Bc COCumcBl8lIOB O 8Clu8y cXISlIB_ ccIB_S,
lDc IcC8QIlu8lIOB O QSyCBIC8 I8W m8lcII8, IS OIcI_B lO Il. l IS IB V8IB lO lIy lO
CI8W lBc DOuBC8IIcS 8DSlI8Cly DclWccB 8cSlBclIC DClIOB 8BC KIlSCBS cmOlIOB8
QuBCcI. l IS 8 QOISOB 8CmIXcC lO 8 8Il, cXCISIB_ Il IS lOC8y OBc O 8tlS CcSQ8II-
IB_ cOIlS. Bc Vu_8I IS Ic8lcC IB 8 COmQcmcBl8Iy 8SBIOB lO lBc m8Bu8CluIcC
8BC D8IlcIcC-O ccIB_, 8BC IBCccC Vu_8IIly IS 8B 8SQcCl O cVcIy S88Dc ccIB_.
l IS 8S B8IC lO S8y WB8l IS Vu_8I IB 8IlWOIKS 8S lO 8BSWcI LIWIB 8lZS QucSlIOB`
BOW Il IS lB8l 8Il, WBOSc 8 QIIOII _cSIc QIOlcSlS 8_8IBSl Vu_8IIly, IS ycl C8Q8Dc
O DcIB_ IBlc_I8lcC WIlB lBc Vu_8I. LBy IB 8 mulI8lcC 8SBIOB COcS lBc Vu_8I
IcQIcScBl lBc QcDcI8B lB8l IS BcC 8l 8 CISl8BCc Dy lBc SO-C8cC BI_B 8DS. BcB 8Il
B8S 8OWcC IlSc, WIlBOul COBCcSCcBSIOB, lO Dc IBSQIIcC Dy 8 QcDcI8B ccmcBl,
8H B8S _8IBcC IB 8B 8ulBcBlIC WcI_BlIBcSS lB8l IS lBc OQQOSIlc O lBc Vu_8I. P
DcCOmcS Vu_M lBIOu_B COBCcSCcBSIOB. WBcB, cSQcCI8y Dy mc8BS O BumOI, Il
8QQc8S lO CcOImcC COBSCIOuSBcSS 8BC COBDImS Il. l SuIlS COmIB8lIOB I WB8l Il
B8S m8Cc Oul O lBc m8SScS 8BC WB8l Il CIIS IBlO lBcm C8B Dc CB8KcC uQ lO lBcII
OWB _uIly CcSIIcS. P IcSQcClS lBc m8SScS Dy QIcScBlIB_ IlSc lO lBcm 8S WB8l
24 | 5OLL1Y
lhcy COu0 Dc I8lhcI lh8B Dy 808QlIBg IlSc lO lhcm IB lhcII 0cgI80c0 COB0IlIOB.
bOCI8y, lhc Vug8I IB 8 IS lhc SuD]cClIVc I0cBlIDC8lIOB WIlh OD]cClIVcy IcQIO-
0uCc0 humII8lIOB. B Q8Cc O Wh8l IS WIlhhc0 Om lhcm, lhc m8SScS Ic8ClIVcy,
IcScBluy, cB]Oy Wh8l I S QIO0uCc0 Dy IcBuBCI8lIOB 8B0 uSuIQS lhc Q8Cc O Wh8l
h8S DccB IcBOuBCc0. l IS I0cOOgy lh8l OW m, cBlcIl8IBmcBl, IS SOCI8y cgIlI-
m8lc 8B0 Sc-cVI0cBl, Il IS SOcy lh8l COB0IlIOB lh8l cXQIcSScS lhc OmBIQIcScBCc
O IcQIcSSIOB. hc mO0c O 8cSlhclIC Vug8IIly IS lhc ChI0 IB lhc 80VcIlIScmcBl,
l8KIBg 8 DIlc O ChOCO8lc WIlh cycS h8-COSc0, 8S I Il WcIc 8 SIB. hc IcQIcSSc0
IcluDS IB lhc Vug8I, DcMIBg lhc m8IKS O IcQIcSSIOB, Il IS Uc SuD]cClIVc cXQIcS-
SIOB O lhc 8IuIc O lh8l SuDIm8lIOB lh8l 8 QI8IScS SO OVcIZc8OuSy 8S C8lh8ISIS
8B0 OI WhICh Il gIVcS IlSc CIc0Il DcC8uSc Il ScBScS hOW IHc SuDIm8lIOB, IKc 8
CuluIc, h8S 8Clu8y luDc0 Oul lO 08lc. B lhc 8gc O lOl8 80mIBISlI8lIOB, CuluIc
BO OBgcI Bcc0S lO humII8lc lhc D8ID8II8BS Il h8S CIc8lc0, Il SuCcS lh8l Dy IlS IIl-
u8S Il SUBglhcBS lhc D8ID8IISm lh8l h8S SuD]cClIVcy DccB Sc0ImcBlIBg OVcI CcB-
luIIcS. h8l m Sl8B0S 8S 8 IcmIB0cI O Wh8l 0OcS BOl cXISl, QIOmQlS I8gc, lhIS I8gc
IS U8BScDc0 lO lhc Im8gc O lh8l OlhcDcSS 8B0 DcOuS Il. hc 8IChclyQcS O lhc
Vug8I lh8l lhc m O lhc cm8BCIQ8lOIy DOuIgcOISIc hc0 IB ChcCK, SOmclImcS IBgc-
BIOuSyIB IlS COWBS, ScIV8BlS, 8B0 8Q8gcBOSMc lhc gIIBBIBg 80VcIlIScmcBl
Dc8ulIcS WhOSc QI8ISc O lOOlhQ8Slc DI8B0S uBIlcS lhc DIDO8I0S O 8 8B0S, lhOSc
WhO KBOW lhcy 8Ic DcIBg Chc8lc0 Dy SO muCh cmIBIBc SQcB0OI D8CKcB Oul lhc
8 lOO DIII8Bl lcclh O lhcSc 8IChclyQS 8B0 IB lOl8 IBBOCcBCc m8Kc lhc lIulh VISI-
Dc 8DOVc lhc gc8m O CuluIc. hIS, 8l c8Sl, IS QcICcIVc0 Dy lhc Vug8I. cC8uSc
8cSlhclIC Vug8Dly uB0I8cClIC8y ImIl8lcS lhc IBV8II8BlS O SDI8 0c_808lIOB, Il
h8S BO hISlOIy, lS clcD8 IcluD S CccDI8lcd Dy gDHtI. 0 SuD]cCl m8llcI IS cVcI
lO Dc l8DOO 8B0 cXCu0c0 HOm 8 8S Vug8I, Vug8IIly IS 8 Ic8lIOB lO lhc m8lcII8
8B0 lO lhOSc lO WhOm lhc 8QQc8 IS m80c. hc cXQMSIOB O lhc VugM lO lhc lOl8-
Ily h8S mc8BWhIc SW8OWc0 uQ Wh8l OBCc 8I0 C8Im lO lhc BODc 8B0 SuDImc.
hIS IS OBc O lhc Ic8SOBS OI lhc IQuI08lIOB O lhc U8gIC. R SuCCumDc0 IB lhc
0cBOucmcBl O lhc ScCOB0 8Cl O u08QcSl OQcIcll8S. O08y, cVcIylhIBg lh8l gOcS
uB0cI Uc B8mc O Ighl m IS lO D Ic]cClc0, U8l 8SO 8QQIcS, hOWcVcI, lO Wh8l
IS BODc, lhc 8DSlI8Cl 8BlIlhcSIS lO IcIDC8lIOB 8B0 8l lhc S8mc lImc IlS DOOly. LVcI
SIBCc 8u0c8IIc, lhc BODc h8S DccB 8SSOCI8lc0 WIlh QOIlIC8 Ic8ClIOB, 8S I
0cmOCI8Cy 8S SuCh, lhc Qu8BlIl8lIVc C8lcgOIy O m8SScS, 8B0 BOl lhc QcQclu8lIOB
O OQQIcSSIOB WcIc lhc SOuICc O lhc Vug8I. tI0cIly lO lhc BODc IB m ShOu0 Dc
m8IBl8IBc0, ]uSl 8S lhc BODc ShOu0 IcDcCl IlS OWB CuQ8DIIly, IlS COmQICIly WIlh
QIIVIcgc. lS Icugc Icm8IBS cXCuSIVcy lhc uBDIBChIBg QOWcI O IcSISl8BCc IB lhc
8Cl OODBg. hc BODc DcCOmcS SQuIIOuS 8B0 IlSc Vug8I WhcB Il cXlOS IlSc,
OI lO lhIS 08y lhcIc h8S BOl DccB 8BylhIBg BODc. LOBlI80IClIOB gB8WS 8l lhc BODc
cVcI SIBCc M0cIIBS VcISc lh8l BOlhIBg S8CIc0 IS 8By OBgcI Dl OI uSc," lhc S8mc
COBlI80IClIOB lh8l 8B 80OcSCcBl mIghl h8Vc ScBSc0 WhO Ic80 8 SOCI8ISl ]OuD8
WIlh QOIlIC8 SymQ8lhy 8B0 8l lhc S8mc lImc W8S Qul O Dy lhc Mgu8gc 8B0
mcBl8Ily 8B0 lhc I0cOOgIC8 uB0cICuIIcBl O 8 CuluIc OI 8. h8l lh8l Q8QcI IB
5O!LTY . 24l
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8S lhc COmQcmcul O C8SS SOCIcly, lhc Sl8lIC8y COuCcIVc0 uuIVcIS8 OVOlcIS
WhOmuSlDcIcCKOuc0WIlh.
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Iu0IcIcuCc OIh8lIc0,WhcIc8S Vu_8IIly _Icc0IySm8CKSIlS IQS.bOCI8yImQI-
C8lc0IulhcguIlOlhOScWhO8y C8ImlO8cSlhclIC uODIIly,lhcQhIISlIuc S0IS-
08IugI8ulS IulccClu8 8DOI8u Immc0I8lcy hI_hcII8uKlh8um8uu88DOI.h8l
8Il DucDlS IOmCcIl8Iu 80V8ul8_cS DcCOmcS,OI8Il S Sc-COuSCIOuSucSS 8u0 OI
lhOSc WhO Ic8Cl8cSlhclIC8y,SOmclhIu_DcllcI Iu-IlSc.hISI0cOO_IC8ccmcul
Iu8Il Sl8D0S Iuucc0 OQcIm8ucul Sc-COIIcClIOu. P IS C8Q8Dc OlhIS DcC8uSc,
8S lhc uc_8lIOu OQI8ClIC8 Ic, Il IS IlScQI8XIS,8u0Iu0cc0 uOlSImQy Ou lhc
D8SISO IlS _cucSIS 8u0 lhc 8Cl lh8l, IKc cVcIy 8IlI8Cl, Il IS lhc IcSulO8ClIVIly.
JuSl 8S IlS COulcul IS 0yu8mIC Iu IlSc8u0 0OcS uOl Icm8Iu Sc-I0culIC8, Iu lhc
COuISc O lhcII hISlOIy lhc OD]cClIV8lc0 81lWOIKS lhcmScVcS OuCc 8_8Iu DcCOmc
QI8ClIC8 COmQOIlmculS 8u0 luH lOW810 Ic8Ily. u lhIS, 8Il 8u0 lhcOIy 8Ic0.
P IcC8QIlu8lcSQI8XISIuIlSc,mO0IDc08u0Iu8ScuScucuU8IZc0,8u0Dy0OIug
SOIll8KcSuQQOSIlIOuSlOW8I0Ic8Ily.cclhOVcuSSymQhOuIC8ugu8_c,WhIChIu
IlS mOSlScCIcl ChcmISUy IS lhcDOuI_cOISQIOCcSSOQIO0uClIOu Wc 8S lhc cX-
QIcSSIOuOC8QIl8ISmSQcIcuuI80IS8SlcI, 8l lhc S8mclImcDcCOmcS 8/uitsociu/
Dy IlS_cSluIcOU8_IC 8hIm8lIOu. hIu_S 8Ic8Slhcy muSl 8u0ShOu0Dc8u0Mc
lhcIcOIc _OO0.PlUc S8mc lImc,lhIS muSIC DcOu_S lO lhcIcVOulIOu8IyQIOCcSS
ODOuI_cOIScm8uCIQ8lIOu,]uSl8S Il8ulICIQ8lcS IlS8QOO_clICS. hcmOIc 0ccQy
8IlWOIKS 8Ic 0cCIQhcIc0,lhc cSS lhcII 8ulIlhcSIS lO QI8XIS Icm8IuS 8DSOulc, lhcy
lhcmScVcS 8Ic SOmclhIu_ OlhcI lh8u lhcII OII_Iu, lhcII u08mcul, lh8l IS, lhIS
VcIy 8ulIlhcSIS lO QI8XIS, 8u0 lhcy uuO0 lhc mc0I8lIOu O lhIS 8ulIlhcSIS. hcy
8Ic cSS lh8u QI8XIS 8D0 mOIc. cSS, DcC8uSc, 8S W8S CO0IDc0 OuCc 8u0 OI8 Iu
OSlOyS KreatzerSonutu,lhcy IcCOI DcOIc Wh8lmuSl Dc 0Ouc,QcIh8QS cVcu
lhWMl Il, 8lhOu_h lhcy 8Ic cSS C8Q8Dc O lhIS lh8u IS Sug_cSlc0 Dy OSlOy S
Icuc_80c 8SCclICISm. hcII Uulh COulcul C8uuOl Dc ScQ8I8lc0 Om lhc COuCcQl
Ohum8uIly.hIOu_hcVcIymc0I8lIOu,lhIOu_h8uc_8lIVIly,lhcy8Ic Im8gcS O
8 lI8uSOImc0 hum8uIly 8u0 8Ic uu8Dc lO COmc lO IcSl IuUcmScVcS Dy 8y 8D-
SlI8ClIOu IOm lhIS lI8uSOIm8lIOu. PIl, hOWcVcI, IS mOIc lh8u QI8XIS DcC8uSc Dy
IlS 8VcISIOulO QI8XISIlSImul8DcOuSy 0cuOuuCcS lhc uM OWuulIuUOlhcQI8C-
lIC8 WOI!0.mmc0I8lcQI8XISW8ulS lOKuOW uOlhIu_ O lhIS 8SOu_ 8S lhcQI8ClI-
C8OI_8uIZ8lIOuOlhcWOI0h8S ycllO SuCCcc0.hcCIIlIQuccXcICISc08QIIOIIDy
8Il IS lh8l O8ClIOu 8S 8 CIyQlO_I8m O0OmIu8lIOu. PCCOI0Iu_ lO IlS ShccI OIm,
QI8XISlcu0S lOW8I0 lh8lWhICh, Iu lcImS OIlS OWu O_IC,Il ShOu0 8DOISh, VIO-
cuCc IS Imm8ucul lO Il8u0 IS m8Iul8Iuc0 Iu IlS SuDIm8lIOuS,WhcIc8S 8IlWOIKS,
cVcu lhc mOSl 8__IcSSIVc, Sl8u0OI uOuVIOcuCc.hcy 8Ic8COuSl8ulIu0IClmcul
O lhc WOIK808y DuSlc 8u0 lhc QI8ClIC8 Iu0IVI0u8, D8CK O WhICh IS COuCc8c0
lhcD8ID8IIC8QQclIlcOlhc SQcCIcS,WhICh IS uOl hum8u8SOu_ 8S IlQcImIlS IlSc
Z4Z L 5OLT
lODc Iuc0 Dy lhIS 8QQclIlc8u0 IS uSc0 WIlh 0OmIu8lIOu. hc 0I8cClIC8 Ic8lIOu
O 8Il lO QI8XIS IS U8l O IlS SOCI8 ccCl. h8l 8IIWOIKS IulcIVcuc QOIlIC8y IS
0OuDUu, Whcu Il 0OcS h8QQcu, mOSl Olcu Il IS QcIIQhcI8 lO lhc WOIK, I lhcy
SUIVcOIIl, lhcyuSu8ySuCCumDlO lhcIIOWulcImS.hcIIUuc SOCI8 ccClIS 8u
cXUcmcy Iu0IIcCl Q8IIICIQ8lIOu Iu SQIIIl lh8l Dy W8y O SuDlcII8uc8u QIOCcSScS
COulIIDulcS lO SOCI8 lI8uSOIm8lIOu 8u0 IS COuCculI8lc0 Iu 8IlWOIKS, lhcy Ouy
8ChIcVc SuCh Q8IlICIQ8lIOu lhIOu_h lhcII OD]cClIV8lIOu.hc ccCl O 8IIWOIKS IS
uOllh8l lhcyQIcScul 8 8lculQI8XIS lh8l COIIcSQOu0S lO 8 m8uIcSl Ouc, OI lhcII
8ulOuOmy h8S mOVc0 8I DcyOu0 SuCh Immc0I8Cy, I8lhcI, lhcII ccCl IS lh8l O
IcCOcClIOu, WhICh lhcy cVOKc Dy lhcII cXISlcuCc. lhc hISlOIIC8 _cucSIS O8Il-
WOIKS IccIS D8CK lO C8uS8 COulcXlS, lhcSc 0O uOl 0IS8QQc8I U8CccSSy Iu lhcm,
lhcQIOCcSScu8Clc0IulcD8yDyc8Ch8u0cVcIy8IlWOIKWOIKSD8CKOuSOCIcly8S
lhcmO0cO8QOSSIDcQI8XISIuWhIChSOmclhIu_OulhcOI0cIO8COcClIVcSuD-
]cCl IS COuSlIlulc0.MOWcVcIIllc lhc cXlcD8 cHcCl m8llcIS Iu 8Il, 8u0 hOWcVcI
ImQOIl8ul IlS OIm IS,IlS IuUIuSIC OIm ucVcIlhccSS h8S 8u ccCl. hcIcOIc lhc
CIIlIC8 8u8ySIS Olhc ccCl O8IlWOIKS h8S 8 _Ic8l 0c8 lO S8y 8DOul Wh8l 8Il-
WOIKS, Iu lhcII Ch8I8ClcI 8S lhIu_S, h8Vc Sc8c0 uQ Iu lhcmScVcS, lhIS COu0 Dc
0cmOuSlI8lc0 Iu lhc I0cOO_IC8 cHcCl O8_ucI SmuSIC. l IS uOl SOCI8 IcDcC-
lIOuOu8IlWOIKS8u0lhcIIIuucIChcmISlIyU8lIS8ScDulI8lhcIlhc SuDOI0Iu8lIOu
O8IlWOIKSlO 8DSlI8Cl SOCI8COIIc8lIOuS0clcImIuc0IOm8DOVclh8l8IcIu0IcI-
cullO lhc lcuSIOuDclWcculhc hISlOIIC8C8uS8 ucXuS 8u0lhc COulculOlhc WOIK.
JuSlhOW 8I 8IIWOIKS IulcIVcucOu 8QI8ClIC8cVcISIuCI0cul8y 0clcImIuc0uOl
Ouy Dy lhcm Dul 8I mOIc ImQOII8uly Dy lhc SOCI8 mOmcul. c8um8ICh8IS S
COmcdIc8 WcIc CcIl8Iny nOl QOIlIC8y COmmIllcd In lhc 8lyc O! IcChl OI bmIIc,
ycllhcyIu8Clh808CcIl8IuQOIlIC8ccClDcC8uSclhcIIl8u_IDcCOulcul [Inhu/t]
h8ImOuIZc0 WIU 8 SOCI8 mOVcmcul lh8l IcIShc0 Du0Iu_ IlScD8llcIc0Iu lhcm.
cC8uSc Il IS ScCOu0-h8u0,lhcSOCI8 ccCl O8IlISODVIOuSyQ8I80OXIC8, Wh8l
IS 8llIIDulc0 lO IlS SQOul8ucIly Iu 8Cl 0cQcu0S Ou lhc _cucI8 SOCI8 lcu0cuCy.
LOuVcIScy, IcChl SWOIK, WhICh,Dc_IuuIu_ WIlh Suint1ouno]theStocjurds,
W8ulc0lO QIOVOKc SOCI8Ch8u_c, W8S QIOD8Dy SOCI8yQOWcIcSS,8u0 lhc 8Slulc
IcChl Dy uO mc8uS 0cCcIVc0 hImSc Ou lhIS SCOIc. lS cHcCl IS C8QluIc0 Dy lhc
tu_ISh cXQIcSSIOu Opreuchin to thesuved. MIS lhc8lcI O 8Icu8lIOu Iulcu0c0
lO mOlIV8lc lhc VIcWcI lO lhIuK. IcChlS QOSlu8lc O 8 lhIuKIu_ COmQOIlmcul
COuVcI_cS, SU8u_cycuOu_h,WIlhlhcOD]cClIVc 0ISCcDmcul lh8l8ulOuOmOuS 8Il-
WOIKS QIcSuQQOScIulhc VIcWcI,ISlcucI,OIIc80cI 8S DcIu_ 80cQu8lc lOlhcm.MIS
0I08ClICSlyc,hOWcVcI,ISIulOcI8ulOlhc8mDI_uIlyIuWhIChUOu_hlOII_Iu8lcS.
l IS 8ulhOIIl8II8u. hIS m8yh8Vc Dccu IcChl SIcSQOuSclOlhc IuccClu8Ily O
hIS 0I08ClIC Q8yS. PS 8 VIIluOSO Om8uIQu8lIVc lcChuIQuc,hcW8ulc0 lOCOcICc
lhc 0cSIIc0ccCl]uSl8S hc OuCc Q8uuc0 lO OI_8uIZc hIS IISc lO 8mc. DcVcIlhc-
cSS, Il IS uOl c8Sl O8 0uc lO IcChl lh8llhc 8IIWOIK _8Iuc0 Sc-COuSCIOuSucSS
OIlSc8S 8uccmculOQOIlIC8 QI8XIS 8u0 lhuS8CQuIIc08 OICc OQQOSc0lO IlS
I0cOO_IC8DIu0ucSS.IcChl SCulOQI8ClIC8IlyDcC8mc8u8cSlhclICCOuSlIlucul
5IL1Y | 2

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CIu0c QIOQ8g8u08~IS lB8l IB OI0cI lO IcSISl lBc 8QOWcIu SySlcm O COmmuuI-
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QIcSuQQOSc,lOSOmc0c_Icc IuuOCculy,8S CuluI8ucc0SIulhc COuCcQlO8SOCI-
cly S_cucI8cVcO8ChIcVcmcul,h8SIlS0I8cClICIulhc8Cllh8lIulhcmc8ulImc
Ouc 0OcS CuluIc 8_Ic8lcIhOuOIDy OI_OIu_ Il8D0 uOll8KIu_ Q8IlIu IlScSlIV8S
lh8u Dy 8_IccIu_ lO Dc OICc-c0. PcSlhclIC mOlIS 8IcuO cSSCIIlIC8 O CuluI8
ucc0S lh8u 8Ic cmQIIIC8y Ic8 OucS. PIlWOIKS W8ul lO DIc8K uQ lhc clcD8 cX-
Ch8u_c Oucc0 8u0 S8lIS8ClIOu, IuSlc80 O0OIu_ Iu]uSlICc lO uuuhc0 ucc0S Dy
SuQQyIu_ lhcmWIlhSuDSlIlulc S8lIS8ClIOuS.tVcIy8cSlhclIC8u0SOCIOO_IC8lhc-
OIy Oucc0m8KcS uSc OWh8lDc8ISlhc Ch8I8ClcIISlIC8y O0-8ShIOuc0 u8mc O
IVc08cSlhclICcXQcIIcuCc.'lS IuSuDCIcuCy IScVI0cul Iu lhc COuSlIlulIOuOIVc0
8IlISlICcXQcIIcuCcSlhcmScVcS,ISuCh cXISl. hcSuQQOSIlIOuOIVc08IlISlICcX-
QcIIcuCcS IS D8Sc0 Ou lhc 8SSumQlIOu O 8u cQuIV8cuCc DclWccu lhc COulcul O
cXQcIIcuCcQulCIu0cy,lhccmOlIOu8 cXQIcSSIOuOWOIKS~8D0lhcSuD]cClIVc
cXQcIIcuCcOlhc IcCIQIcul.PISlcucIIS,IuOlhcIWOI0S,lODcCOmccXCIlc0Whcu
c muSIC SccmSlO 0O SO,WhcIc8SlOlhccXlcullh8lOucuu0cISl8u0S8uylhIu_,Ouc
ShOu0DcCOmccmOlIOu8y 8 lhc mOIc 0ISIulcIcSlc0lhc QuShIcIlhc WOIKS_cS-
lICu8lIOuSDcCOmc.bCIcuCcCOu0h8I0ylhIuKuQ8DylhIu_mOIc8IculO8Illh8u
lhOSc cXQcIImculS lh8l QIcSumc lO mc8SuIc 8cSlhclIC ccCl 8u0 8cSlhclIC cXQcII-
cuCcDyIcCOI0Iu_lhchc8IlDc8l.hcOuulO8uySuChcQuIV8cuCcIcm8IuSmuIKy.
h8l QuIQOIICdj I8 IODc IVCd OI ICIVcdIu Ihc WOIK-8CCOI0Iu_ IOQOQu8I8S-
SumQlIOu,lhcccIu_SOlhc8ulhOI~ISIlScOuj8Q8IlI8ccmculIuWOIKS 80
CcIl8Iuy uOl lhc 0cCISIVc Ouc. OIKS 8Ic uOl 0cQOSIlIOuS O ImQuScSIu 8uj
C8ScSuCh 0cQOSIlIOuS8Ic8W8ySmuCh0ISIKc0Dy ISlcucIS 8u0c8SlIKcylODc
cmQ8lhIC8y IccXQcIIcuCc0,lhcy8Ic,I8lhcI,I80IC8y mO0Ihc0 Dylhc8ulOuO-
mOuS ucXuSOlhc 8IlWOIK.hc IulcIQ8j OlhcCOuSUClIVc 8u0 c mImclIC8y
cXQIcSSIVcccmculSIu8IlISSImQj SuQQIcSSc0OI0ISlOIlc0Dj lhc lhcOIj OIVc0
cXQcIIcuCc. hc cQuIV8cuCc IlQOSIlS ISuOl8ucQuIV8cuCc 8l8, I8lhcI,OucQ8I-
lICu8I 8SQcCl IS 8DSlI8Clc0. hIS 8SQcCl, 8_8IuIcmOVc0HOm lhc 8cSlhclIC ucXuS
Olhc WOIK 8D0 lI8uS8lc0 D8CK IulO lhc cmQIIIC8 WOI0, OI 8 ScCOu0 lImc Dc-
COmcS 8uOlhcIOWh8lIu 8uy C8Sc Il IS IulhcWOIK.hc ShOCK8IOuSc0DjImQOI-
l8ul WOIKS IS uOl cmQOyc0 lO U__cI QcISOu8, OlhcIWISc IcQIcSSc0 cmOlIOuS.
V8lhcI,lhISShOCK\SlhcmOmculI uWhIChIcCIQIculSOI_cllhcmScVcS 8D00IS8Q-
Qc8I IulO lhc WOIK, Il IS lhc mOmcul O DcIu_ Sh8Kcu. hc IcCIQIculS OSc lhcII
OOlIu_, lhc QOSSIDIIly OUulh,cmDO0Ic0 Iulhc 8cSlhclIC Im8_c, DcCOmcS l8u_I-
Dc. hIS Immc0I8Cj, Iu lhc ucSl ScuSc, OIc8lIOu lO 8IlWOIKS IS 8 uuClIOu O
mc0I8lIOu, O QcuclI8lIu_ 8u0 cuCOmQ8SSIu_ cXQcIIcuCc [Lquhran] ; Il l8KcS
Sh8Qc Iu lhc I8ClIOu O 8u IuSl8ul, 8u0 OI lhIS lhc WhOc O COuSCIOuSucSS IS Ic-
QuIIc0,uOlISO8lc0 SlImuI8u0IcSQOuScS.hccXQcIIcuCcO8Il8Slh8lOIlS Uulh
5OLL1Y L 245
DI uuIIulh IS mDIc Ih8u SuD]cClIVc cXQcDcuCc. l IS lhc IIIuQIDu D DD]cCIIVIlj
IuID SuD]cClIVc CDuSCIDuSucSS. hc cXQcIIcuCc IS mc0I8lc0 IhIDugh SuD]cClIVIlj
QIcCIScj 8l lhc QDIuI WhcIc lhc SuD]cClIVc Ic8ClIDu IS mDSl IulcuSc. u cclhDVcu
m8uj SIlu8lIDuS 8Ic scnes]uire, QcIh8QS cVcu WIlh lhc H8W D DcIug SI8gc0.
hc cuU8uCc D Ihc IcQIISc Iu lhc PIulh bjmQhDuj, WhICh IS lhc IcSuI D lhc Sjm-
QhDuIC QIDCcSS, CccDI8lcS IIS DIIgIu8 IuUD0uClIDu. 1l IcSDu8lcS IKc 8 DVcIWhcm-
Iug huS Il IS. hc Shu00cI IS 8 IcSQDuSc, CDDIc0 Dj c8I D lhc DVcIWhcmIug,
Dj IlS 8DIm8lIDu Ihc muSIC 8l lhc S8mc lImc SQc8KS Ihc lIuIh 8DDul uulIulh. PDu-
]u0gIug, 8IlWDIKS QDIul8S WIlh lhcII DugcIlD IhcII CDulcul WIlhDul IlS lhcIcDj
DcCDmIug 0ISCuISIVc. hc SQDul8ucDuS Ic8ClIDu D lhc IcCIQIcul IS mImcSIS D
lhc Immc0I8Cj D IhIS gcSluIc. u II, hDWcVcI, 8IlWDIKS 8Ic uDl cXh8uSlc0. hc
QDSIlIDu Ih8I lhIS muSIC8 Q8SS8gc, DuCc IulcgI8lc0, 8ChIcVcS Dj IlS gcSluH IS SuD-
]cCl lD CIIlIQuc. l QDScS lhc QucSlIDu WhcIhcI lhc QDWcI D DcIug lhuS~8u0~uDl-
DlhcIWISc 8l Ihc cQIQh8uj D WhICh SuCh mDmcuIS Iu Ml 8Ic 8Imc0 IS lhc Iu0cX
D IlS UuIh. u CDmQIchcu0Iug cXQcIIcuCc [Equhmn] , WhICh lcImIu8lcS Iu
]u0gmcul Du Ihc uDu]u0gIug WDIK, 0cm8u0S 8 0cCISIDu 8u0, Dj cXlcuSIDu, lhc CDu-
CcQl. hc IVc0 cXQcDcuCc [Er/ebnis] IS cXCuSIVcj 8u ccmcul D SuCh CDmQIc-
hcu0Iug cXQcIIcuCc 8u0 8ulj DcC8uSc Il IS SuD]cCl lD QcISu8SIDu. DIKS SuCh 8S
Ihc PIulh bjmQhDuj cXcICISc 8 mcSmcIIZIug ccCl. hc DICc lhcj 8ChIcVc
IhIDugh lhcII SUuCluIc DcCDmcS lhc DICc D IhcII ccCI. u Ihc 0cVcDQmcul D
muSIC 8lcI cclhDVcu Ihc SuggcSlIVc DICc D WDIKS, IuIII8j DDDDWc0 IDm SD-
CIcIj, h8S Dccu Shuulc0 D8CK lD SDCIcIj 8u0 DcCDmc 8gIl8lIVc 80 I0cDDgIC8.
bhu00cI, I80IC8j DQQDSc0 lD lhc CDuVculIDu8 I0c8 D cXQIIcuCc [Er/ebnis],QID-
VI0cS uD Q8IlICu8I S8lIS8CIIDu DI Ihc , Il Dc8IS uD SImI8IIlj lD 0cSIIc. 8lhcI, Il
IS 8 mcmculD D lhc IQuI08lIDu D lhc , WhICh, Sh8Kcu, QICcIVcS IlS DWu ImIlc0-
ucSS 8u0 RuIlu0c. hIS cXQcIIcuCc [Equhran]IS CDuD8Ij lD lhc Wc8KcuIug D lhc
lh8l lhc CuluIC IuduSUj m8uIQu8lcS. DI lhc CuluIc Iu0uSlIj Uc I0c8 D lhc
Shu00cI IS I0c uDuScuSc, IhIS IS QIDD8Dj lhc IuucImDSl mDlIV8lIDu DI lhc 0c8cS-
lhclICIZ8IDu D 8Il. D C8lCh cVcu Uc SIghlcSl gImQSc 0cjDu0 lhc QISDu lh8l Il
IlSc IS, lhc IcQuIIcS uDl 0ISII8CIIDu Dul I8lhcI lhc uImDSl lcuSIDu, lh8l QIcScIVcS
lhc Shu00cI, 8u IuVDuul8Ij CDmQDIlmcul, IuCI0cul8j, HDm DcCDmIug IcgIcS-
SIDu. 1u hIS Aesthetic o/theSab/ime 8ul 8IlhHj QIcScuR0 lhc QDWcI D lhc
SuD]cCl 8S Ihc QIcCDu0IlIDu D lhc SuDImc. Iuc, lhc 8uuIhI8DDu D Uc Iu Ihc
8Cc D 8Il IS lD Dc l8Kcu uD mDIc IlcI8j lh8u IS 8Il. cC8uSc, hDWcVcI, Wh8l
8Ic C8c0 8cSlhclIC cXQcIIcuCcS [Er/ebnisse] 8Ic 8S SuCh QSjChDDgIC8j Ic8, II
WDu0 Dc ImQDSSIDc ID uu0cISl8u0 Ucm I lhcj WcIc SImQj Q8II 8u0 Q8ICc D
lhc IuSDIIucSS D 8Il. LXQcIIcuCcS 8Ic uDl 8S I. hc 0IS8QQc8I8uCc D lhc Iu
lhc mDmcul D lhc Shu00cI IS uDl Ic8, Dul 0cIIIum, WhICh h8S 8 SImI8I 8SQcCl, IS
ucVcIIhccSS IuCDmQ8lIDc WIlh MlISlIC cXQcIIcuCc. tDI 8 cW mDmculS lhc Dc-
CDmcS 8W8Ic, Iu Ic8 lcImS, D lhc QDSSIDIIlj D cIlIug Sc-QIcScIV8lIDu 8 8W8j,
lhDugh Il 0DcS uDl 8Clu8j SuCCcc0 Iu Ic8IZIug lhIS QDSSIDIIlj. l IS uDl lhc 8cS-
lhcIIC Shu00cI lh8l IS ScmD8uCc Dul I8lhcI IIS 8IIIlu0c lD DD]cCIIVIlj. u IIS Immc~
Z4 L 5L1Y
0I8Cj lhc Shu00cI cc!S lhc QOlculI8 8S I Il WcIc 8Clu8!. hc IS ScIZc0 Dj lhc
uumcl8QhOIIC8!, ScmD!8uCc-Sh8llcIIu_ COuSCIOuSucSS. lh8l Il IlSc! IS uOl u!lIm8lc,
Dul ScmD8DCc. tOI lhc SuD]cCl, lhIS lI8uSOImS 8Il IulO Wh8l Il IS Iu-IlSc!, lhc hIS-
lOIIC8! VOICc O IcQIcSSc0 u8luIc, u!lIm8lc!j CIIlIC8! O lhc QIIuCIQc O lhc , lh8l
IulcD8 8_cul O IcQIcSSIOu. hIS SuD]cClIVc cXQcIIcuCc [Lquhran] 0IIcClc0
8_8IuSl lhc IS 8D ccmcul O lhc OD]cClIVc lIulh O 8Il. hOcVcI cXQcIIcuCcS
[er/ebt] 8IlWOIKS Dj IccIIIu_ lhcm lO hImSc!, 0OcS uOl cXQcIIcuCc lhcm, Wh8l
Q8SSScS OI cXQcIIcuCc [Lr/ebnis] IS 8 Q8!mc0-OH Cu!luI8 SuIIO_8lc. LVcu O lhIS
SuIIO_8lc Ouc S COuCcQlIOuS 8Ic SImQ!IDC8lIOuS. hc QIO0uClS O lhc Cu!luIc Iu0uS-
Uj, mOIc Sh8!OW 8D0 Sl8D08I0IZc0 lh8u 8Dj O IlS 8uS C8u cVcI Dc, m8j SImu!l8
ucOuSj ImQc0c lhc I0culIDC8lIOu lh8l IS lhcII _O8!. hc QucSlIOu 8S lO Wh8l lhc
CuHIc Iu0uSlIj IuHIClS Ou mcu 8u0 WOmcu IS QIOD8Dj 8!! lOO u81Vc. lS ccCl IS
muCh mOIc 0IuSc lh8u lhc OIm O lhc QucSlIOu Su__cSlS. hc cmQlj lImc D!c0
WIlh cmQlIucSS 0OcS uOl cVcu QIO0uCc 8!Sc COuSCIOuSucSS Dul IS 8u cXcIlIOu lh8l
c8VcS lhIu_S ]uSl 8S lhcj 8Ic.
hc ccmcul O OD]cClIVc QI8XIS IuhcIcul Iu 8Il IS U8uSOImc0 IulO SuD]cClIVc
IulculIOu Whcu, 8S 8 IcSu!l O SOCIcljS OD]cClIVc lcu0cuCj 8D0 O lhc CIIlIC8!
IccClIOu O 8Il, 8IlS 8ulIlhcSIS lO SOCIclj DcCOmcS IIIcCOuCI8Dc. hc 8CCcQlc0
lcIm OI lhIS SuD]cClIVc IulculIOu IS COmmIlmcul. LOmmIlmcul IS 8 hI_hcI cVc O
IcHcClIOu lh8u lcu0cuCj, Il IS uOl SImQj Oul lO COIIcCl uuQ!c8S8ul SIlu8lIOuS, 8!-
lhOu_h lhc COmmIllc0 8 lOO c8SI!j SjmQ8lhIZc WIlh lhc I0c8 O SO!VIu_ QIODcmS
Dj mc8uS O 8QQIOQII8lc mc8SuIcS.

LOmmIlmcul 8ImS 8l lhc U8uSOIm8lIOu
O lhc QIcCOu0IlIOuS O SIlu8lIOuS, uOl 8l mcIcj m8KIu_ IcCOmmcu08lIOuS, lO lhIS
cXlcul Il IuC!IucS lOW8I0 lhc 8cSlhclIC C8lc_OIy O cSScuCc. hc QOcmIC8! Sc!-
COuSCIOuSucSS O 8Il QIcSuQQOScS IlS SQIDlu8!IZ8lIOu, lhc mOIc ScuSIlIZc0 8Il Dc-
COmcS lOW8I0 lh8l ScuSu8! Immc0I8Cj WIU WhICh Il W8S OImcI!j cQu8lc0, lhc mOIc
CIIlIC8! IlS QOSluIc DcCOmcS lOW8I0 I8W Ic8Ilj, WhICh-8u cXlcuSIOu O lhc ImK
_IOWlh O DISl u8luIcIcQIO0uCcS IlSc SOCI8j Iu cVcI cXQ8D0c0 OIm. l IS uOl
Ouj OIm8!j lh8l lhc CIIlIC8j IccXIVc lcu0cuCj lOW8I0 SQIIIlu8IZ8lIOu Sh8IQ-
cuS lhc Ic8lIOu O 8Il lO IlS SuD]cCl m8llcI. Mc_cS DIc8K IOm ScuSu8ISl 8cSlhcl-
ICS W8S O 8 Q8Il DOlh WIlh lhc SQIIIlu8!IZ8lIOu O lhc 8IlWOIK 8u0 WIlh lhc 8CCcu-
lu8lIOu O IlS SuD]cCl m8llcI. hIOu_h SQIIIlu8IZ8lIOu lhc 8IlWOIK IS lI8uSOImc0,
Iu IlSc, IulO Wh8l W8S OuCc DIu0j 8llcSlc0 lO Dc IlS ccCl Ou OlhcI SQIIIlS.
hc COuCcQl O COmmIlmcul IS uOl lO Dc l8Kcu lOO !IlcI8!j. hIl IS m80c lhc j8I0-
SlICK O CcuSOIShIQ, Il IcC8QIlu8lcS Iu IlS 8llIlu0c lOW8I0 8IlWOIKS lh8l ccmcul O
0OmIu8lIu_ SuQcIVISIOu lO WhICh lhcj SlOO0 OQQOSc0 QIIOI lO 8 SuQcIVIS8Dc
COmmIlmcul. hIS 0OcS uOl 8mOuul, hOWcVcI, lO ]cllISOuIu_ C8lc_OIIcS SuCh 8S
lh8l O 8 QIO_I8m OI IlS CIu0c QIO_cuj 8CCOI0Iu_ lO lhc WhIm O 8u 8cSlhclICS O
l8Slc. h8l lhcj Ic_ISlcI DcCOmcS lhcII c_IlIm8lc SuD]cCl m8llcI Iu 8 Qh8Sc Iu
WhICh lhcj Mc mOlIV8lc0 Dj lhc Ou_Iu_ 8u0 lhc WI! lh8l lhc WOI0 Dc OlhcI lh8u
Il IS. ul lhIS _IVcS lhcm uO 0ISQcuS8lIOu IOm lhc !8W O OIm, cVcu SQIIIlu8 COu-
lcul [Inhu/t] Icm8IuS m8lcII8! 8u0 IS COuSumc0 Dj lhc 8IlWOIKS, cVcu Whcu lhcII
5OLLJY ' 24

Sc-COBSCIOuSBcSS IBSISlS lh8l lhIS SuD]cCl m8llcI IS cSScBCc. IcChl l8ughl BOlh-
IBg lh8l COu0 BOl h8Vc DccB uB0cISlOO0 8Q8Il IOm hIS 0I08ClIC Q8jS, IB0cc0, lh8l
COu0 BOl h8Vc DccB uB0cISlOO0 mOIc COBCIScj lhIOugh lhcOIj, OI lh8l W8S BOl 8-
Ic80j Wc XBOWB lO hIS 8u0IcBCc. h8l lhc IICh 8Ic DcllcI OD lh8B lhc QOOI, lh8l
lhc W8j O lhc WOI0 IS uB]uSl, lh8l IcQIcSSIOB QcISISlS WIlhIB OIm8 cQu8Ilj, lh8l
OD]cClIVc cVI lI8BSOImS QIIV8lc gOO0BcSS IBlO IlS OWB OQQOSIlc, lh8l80mIl-
lc0j 8 0uDIOuS WIS0Om gOO0BcSS IcQuIIcS lhc m8SXS O cVI. ul lhc ScBlcBlIOuS
VchcmcBCc WIlh WhICh hc lI8BS8lcS lhcSc hM0j 0cW-HcSh IBSIghlS IBlO SCcBIC
gcSluIcS cB0S hIS WOIXS lhcII lOBc, lhc 0I08ClICISm c0 hIm lO hIS 0I8m8luIgIC8
IBBOV8lIOBS, WhICh OVcIlhIcW lhc mOIIDuB0 lhc8lcI O QhIOSOQhj 8B0 IBlIIguc. B
hIS Q8jS, lhcScS lOOX OB 8B cBlIIcj 0IcIcBl uBClIOB HOm lhc OBc UcII COBlcBl
[Inhu/t] IBlcB0c0. hcj DcC8mc COBSlIlulIVc, lhcj m80c lhc 0I8m8 8BlI-IuSOIj
8B0 COBlIIDulc0 lO lhc CO8QSc O lhc uBIl8Ij BcXuS O mc8BIBg. l IS lhIS, BOl COm-
mIlmcBl, lh8l 0cDBcS lhcII Qu8Ilj, jcl lhcII Qu8Ilj IS IBScQ8I8Dc IOm lhc COm-
mIlmcBl IB lh8l Il DcCOmcS IhcII mImclIC ccmcBl. IcChlS COmmIlmcBl 0DS OI
lhc WOIX Wh8l Il gI8VIl8lcS lOW8I0 OB IlS OWB l uB0cImIBcS Il. PS OlcB OCCuIS, IB
COmmIlmcBl, SOmclhIBg lh8l IS Sc8c0 uQ IB 8Il DcCOmcS cXlcD8 Dj mc8BS O
gIOWIBg COBlIO 8B0 QI8ClIC8DIIlj. PIIWOIXS DcC8mc OI-lhcmScVcS Wh8l lhcj
QIcVIOuSj WcIc IB-lhcmScVcS. hc Imm8BcBCc O 8IlWOIXS, lhcII 8QQ8IcBlj 8
QIIOII 0ISl8BCc IOm lhc cmQIIIC8, WOu0 BOl cXISl WIlhOul lhc QIOSQcCl O 8 WOI0
lI8BSOImc0 Dj Sc-COBSCIOuS QI8XIS. B Romeoum1a/ietbh8XcSQc8Ic W8S BOl
QIOmOlIBg OVc WIlhOul 8mII8 gu8I0I8BShIQ, Dul WIlhOul lhc OBgIBg OI 8 SIlu8-
lIOB IB WhICh OVc WOu0 BO OBgcI Dc mulI8lc0 8B0 COB0cmBc0 Dj Q8UI8ICh8
OI 8Bj OlhcI QOWcIS, lhc QIcScBCc O lhc lWO OSl IB OBc 8BOlhcI WOu0 BOl h8Vc
lhc SWcclBcSSlhc WOI0cSS, Im8gccSS ulOQI8OVcI WhICh, lO lhIS 08j, lhc CcB-
luIIcS h8Vc DccB QOWcIcSS, lhc l8DOO lh8l QIOhIDIlS XBOWc0gc O 8Bj QOSIlIVc
ulOQI8 8SO IcIgBS OVcI 8IlWOIXS. I8XIS IS BOl lhc ccCl O WOIXS, I8lhcI, Il IS
cBC8QSuc0 IB lhcII Dlh COBlcBl. hIS IS Whj COmmIlmcBl IS 8Dc lO DcCOmc 8B
8cSlhclIC OICc O QIO0uClIOB. B gcBcI8, lhc Dc8lIBg 8g8IBSl lcB0cBlIOuS 8II 8B0
8g8IBSl COmmIImcBl IS cQu8j SuD8lcD. hc I0cOOgIC8 COBCcD lO XccQ CuluIc
QuIc ODcjS lhc WISh lh8l IB lhc clIShIZc0 CuluIc, 8B0 lhuS 8Clu8j, cVcIjlhIBg
Icm8IBS 8S Il W8S. buCh IB0IgB8lIOB h8S muCh IB COmmOB WIlh lhc OQQOSIBg QOSI-
lIOB S IB0IgB8lIOB lh8l h8S DccB Sl8B08I0IZc0 IB lhc QhI8Sc 8DOul lhc ODSOclc
IVOIj lOWcI IOm WhICh, IB 8B 8gc Zc8OuSj QIOC8Imc0 8B 8gc O m8SS COmmuBI
C8lIOB, 8Il muSl ISSuc. hc COmmOB 0cBOmIB8lOI IS lhc mcSS8gc, 8lhOugh IcChl S
gOO0 l8Slc SlccIc0 hIm 8W8j IOm lhc WOI0, lhc I0c8 W8S BOl OIcIgB lO lhc QOSI-
lIVISl IB hIm. hc lWO QOSIlIOBS 8Ic IBlcBScj Sc-COBlI80IClOIj. DonQaixotem8j
h8Vc ScIVc0 8 QMlICu8I 8B0 IIIccV8Bl QIOgI8m, lh8l O 8DOIShIBg lhc ChIV8IIC
IOm8BCc, WhICh h80 DccB 0I8ggc0 8OBg IOm cu08 lImcS IBlO lhc DOuIgcOIS 8gc.
hIS mO0cSl QIOgI8m ScIVc0 8S lhc VchICc Dj WhICh lhc BOVc DcC8c 8B cXcm-
Q8Ij MlWOIX. hc 8Bl8gOBISm O IlcI8Ij gcBIcS IB WhICh LcIV8BlcSS WOIX OIIg-
IB8lc0 W8S lI8BSOImc0, IB hIS h8B0S, IBlO 8B 8Bl8gOBISm O hISlOIIC8 cI8S O,
Z48 | 5OT
ulIm8lcj, mcl8QhjSIC8 0ImcuSIOu. lhc 8ulhculIC cXQIcSSIOu O lhc CIISIS O Im-
m8ucul mc8uIug Iu lhc 0cmjSlIDc0 WOD0. OIKS SuCh 8S werther, WhICh h8Vc uO
QIOgIm 8lIC 8SQCl, COulIIDulc0 SIguIDC8ulj lO lhc cm8uCIQ8lIOu O DOuIgcOIS
COuSCIOuSucSS Iu LcIm8uj. LOclhc, Dj gIVIug Sh8Qc lO lhc COISIOu O SOCIclj
WIlh lhc ccIugS O m Iu0IVI0u8 WhO, Du0Iug hImSc 8Ouc 8u0 uuOVc0, IS
0IIVcu lO SuICI0c, QIOlcSlc0 QOWcDuj 8g8IuSl 8 h8I0cuc0 Qcllj DOuIgcOISIc WIlh-
Oul cVcu u8mIug Il. MOWcVcI, Wh8l lhc lWO D8SIC CcuSOII8 QOSIlIOuS O DOuIgcOIS
COuSCIOuSucSS hO0 Iu COmmOu lh8l lhc 8IlWOIK muSl uOl W8ul lO Ch8ugc lhc
WOI0 8u0 lh8l Il muSl Dc lhcIc OI 8~IS 8 p/uidoyerOI lhc Sl8luS QuO, lhc OI-
mcI 0ccu0S lhc 0OmcSlIC Qc8Cc O 8IlWOIKS WIlh lhc WOI0 8u0 lhc 8llcI Icm8IuS
VIgI8ul lh8l lhc S8uClIOuc0 OImS O QuDIC COuSCIOuSucSS Dc m8Iul8Iuc0. O08j,
hcDclIC 8u0 COmmIllc0 8Il COuVcIgc Iu lhc IcuS8 O lhc Sl8luS QuO. 1ulcIcIcuCc
IS QIOhIDIlc0 Dj IcIDc0 COuSCIOuSucSS DcC8uSc Il IcIDcS lhc 8Ic80j IcIDc0 MI-
WOIK, OI IcIDc0 COuSCIOuSucSS lhc WOIKS OD]cClIV8lIOu Iu OQQOSIlIOu lO SOCIclj
8QQc8IS 8S IlS SOCI8 ucuU8IZ8lIOu. h8l SI0c O 8HWOIKS lh8l 8CcS OulW8I0 IS
8SIDc0 8S lhcII cSScuCc WIlhOul 8uj Icg8I0 lO lhc QIOCcSS O lhcII OIm8lIOu OI,
ulIm8lcj, lhcII lIulh COulcul. O 8IlWOIK, hOWcVcI, Cu Dc SOCI8j lIuc lh8l IS
uOl 8SO lIuc Iu-IlSc, COuVcIScj, SOCI8 8Sc COuSCIOuSucSS IS cQu8j IuC8Q8Dc
O DcCOmIug 8cSlhclIC8j 8ulhculIC. bOCI8 8u0 Imm8ucul 8SQcClS O MWOIKS 0O
uOl COIuCI0c, Dul ucIlhcI 0O lhcj 0IVcIgc SO COmQclcj 8S lhc clIShISm O CuluIc
m0 QDXIS WOu0 IKc lO DcIcVc. h8l WhcIcDj lhc Uulh COulcul O 8IIWOIKS
QOIulS DcjOu0 lhcII 8cSlhclIC COmQcXIOu, WhICh Il 0OcS Ouj Dj VIIIuc O lh8l
8cSlhclIC COmQcXIOu, 8SSuIcS Il IlS SOCI8 SIguIDC8uCc. hIS 0u8Ilj IS uOl 8 SlIQu-
l8lIOn lh8l r0lC8 8D8lr8Olly OVCt lhC 8QhCrC O 8tl. 1l I8 8tl8 VIl ccmcul 8ud
O0gc0 WIlhIu c8Ch 8u0 cVcIj WOIK. P DcCOmcS SOmclhIug SOCI8 lhIOugh IlS
Iu-IlSc, 8u0 Il DcCOmcS Iu-IlSc Dj mc8uS O Uc SOCI8 OICc O QIO0uClIOu ccC-
lI Vc Iu Il. hc 0I8cClIC Olhc SOCI8 8u0 O Uc Iu-IlSc O lhc MWOIK IS Ihc 0I8cC-
lIC O IlS OWu COuSlIlulIOu lO lhc cXlcul lh8l Il lOcI8lcS uOlhIug IulcIIOI lh8l 0OcS
uOl cXlcD8IZc IlSc, uOlhIug cXlcD8 lh8l IS uOl lhc Dc8IcI O lhc IuW8I0, lhc Uulh
COulcul.
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IcSulS Iu OSCI8lIug CIIlcII8. PulOuOmOuS WOIKS QIOVOKc lhc VcI0ICl O SOCI8 Iu-
0IcIcuCc 8u0 ulIm8lcj O DcIug CIImIu8j Ic8ClIOu8Ij, COuVcIScj, WOIKS lh8l
m8Kc SOI8j uuIVOC8 0ISCuISIVc ]u0gmculS lhcIcDj ucg8lc II 8S Wc 8S lhcm-
ScVcS. mm8ucul CIIlIQuc C8u QOSSIDj DIc8K lhIOugh lhIS IIgI0 8lcD8lIVc. blc8u
LcOIgc CcIl8Iuj mcIIlc0 lhc IcQIO8Ch O DcIug SOCI8j Ic8ClIOu8Ij Oug DcOIc
hc QIOQOuu0c0 lhc m8XImS O hIS ScCIcl LcIm8uj, ]uSl 8S lhc QOOI-QcOQcS
QOclIj O lhc 8lc S 8u0 VS, PHO MOZ S, OI IuSl8uCc, 0cScIVcS lO Dc CIIlI-
CIZc0 8S DcIug CIu0cj uu8cSlhclIC. Olh ljQcS, hOWcVcI, ShOu0 Dc COuIOulc0
WIlh lhcII OWu COuCcQl. LcOIgc S Sc-Sl8gc0 8IISlOCI8lIC QOSluIIugS COuU80ICl lhc
Sc-cVI0cul SuQcIIODlj lh8l lhcj QOSlu8lc 8u0 IhcDDj 8I 8IlISlIC8j, lhc VcISc
Pu0lh8l Wc 8CK uOl 8 DOuQucl O mjIIh '" IS 8ugh8Dc, 8S IS lhc VcISc Ou lhc
5OLJ ' 249
Om8u cmQcIOI WhO, 8cI h8VIug hIS DIOlhcI muI0cIc0, gculj g8lhcIS uQ lhc
QuIQ!c lI8Iu O hIS lOg8. hc DI0l8Ilj O LcOIgcS SOCI8 8llIlu0c, lhc IcSul O
8I!c0 I0culIhC8lIOu, 8QQc8!S Iu hIS QOclIj Iu lhc VIOcul 8ClS O 8ugu8gc lh8l m8I
lhc QuIIlj O lhc Sc!-SuCIcul WOIK 8lcI WhICh LcOIgc 8SQIIc0. u QIOgI8mm8lIC
8cSlhclICISm, 8Sc SOCI8 COuSCIOuSucSS DcCOmcS lhc Sh!I lOuc lh8l gIVcS Il lhc
Ic. IlhOul IguOIIug lhc 0IcIcuCc Iu gu8Ilj DclWccu LcOIgc, WhO W8S 8 gIc8l
QOl Iu SQIlc O cVcIlhIug, 8u0 lhc mc0IOCIc u8luI8ISlS, lhcj h8Vc Iu COmmOu lhc
8Cl lh8l lhc SOCI8 8u0 CIIlIC8 COulcul O lhcII Q8jS 8u0 QOmS IS 8!mOSl 8W8jS
SuQcIDCI8. l 8gS M DchIu0 Wh8l W8S 8Ic80j uj c8DOI8lc0 Dj SOCI8 lhcO!j,
Iu WhICh lhcj WcIc SC8ICcj IulcIcSlc0. PO MOZ S Q8!O0j O QOIlIC8! hjQOCIISj,
Scciu/Aristccruts, SuCcS lO Q!OVc lhIS. cC8uSc 8IlISlIC8j lhcj OVcIWhcmc0
SOCIclj WIlh VcIDI8gc, lhcj cl 0ulj DOuu0 lO 8 Vug8I I0c8ISm, 8S OI IuSl8uCc
Iu lhc Im8gc O lhc WOIKcI WhO 0Ic8mS O SOmclhIug hIghcI, Wh8lcVcI Il m8j Dc,
8u0 WhO lhIOugh lhc 8lc O hIS C8SS OIIgIu IS QIcVculc0 IOm 8ChIcVIug Il. hc
gucSlIOu O lhc QIOVcu8uCc O hIS SOI0j DOuIgcOIS I0c8 O uQW8I0 mODI!Il IS
IguOIc0. 8luI8ISmS IuuOV8lIOuS~lhc IcuuuCI8lIOu O l!80IlIOu8 C8lcgOIIcS O
OIm, lhc 0ISlIIug O lhc Sc-COul8Iuc0 QOlS 8u0 cVcu, 8S 8l QOIulS Iu ZO8, lhc
8Dm0Oumcul O lhc COulIuuIlj O cmQIIIC8! lImc8Ic mOIc 80V8uCc0 lh8u IlS
COuCcQl. hc I0lhcSS, ccClIVcj 8COuCcQlu8 QIcScul8lIOu O cmQIIIC8! 0cl8I Iu
Suvue Iuris 0cSHOjc0 Uc 8mII8I SuI8Cc COhcIcuCc O lhc uOVc Iu 8 8ShIOu
uOl uuIKc lh8l O IlS 8lcI mOu80IC-8SSOCI8lIVc OIm. PS 8 IcSul, u8luI8ISm Ic-
gIcSSc0 cXCcQl Whcu Il lOOK lhc mOSl cXUcmc IISKS. L8IIjIug Oul IulculIOuS COu-
lI80IClS IlS QIIuCIQc. cl u8luI8ISl Q8jS 8DOuu0 Iu Q8SS8gcS WhOSc IulculIOu IS
Q8Iu cOQc 8Ic lO SQ8K Q!8Iuj, jcl Iu OOWIug lhc 8ulhOI S Sl8gc 0IIcClIOuS
lhcj SQc8K 8S uO Ouc WOu0 cVcI SQc8K. u lhc Ic8!ISl lhc8lcI Il IS 8Ic80j IuCOuSIS-
lcul lh8l cVcu DcOIc lhcj OQcu lhcII mOulhS QcOQc KuOW SO QIcCIScj Wh8l Il IS
lhcj 8Ic gOIug lO S8j. cIh8QS Il WOu0 Dc ImQOSSIDc lO OIg8uIZc 8 Ic8ISlIC Q8j 8C-
COI0Iug lO IlS COuCcQlIOu WIlhOul IlS DcCOmIug, ccntreccear,0808ISlIC, lhIOugh
IlS uu8VOI08Dc mIuImum O SljIZ8lIOu, hOWcVcI, Ic8!ISm 80mIlS IlS ImQOSSIDIIlj
8u0 VII|u8j 8DOIShcS IlSc. 8Kcu Iu h8u0 Dj lhc CuluIc Iu0uS|Ij, Il h8S DcCOmc
m8SS 0cCcQlIOu. hc SQIIIlc0j uu8uImOuS Ic]cClIOu O bu0cIm8uu^ m8j Dc Dc-
C8uSc hIS DOX OhCc SuCCcSScS cl Oul O lhc D8g Wh8l lhc mOSl l8culc0 u8luI8ISlS
hI0. lhc m8uIQu8lc0, hClIVc 8SQcCl O cVcI gcSluIc lh8l !8jS C8Im lO DcIug Dc-
jOu0 DClIOu Whcu, IuSlc80, DClIOu cuVcOQS cVcI WOI0 SQOKcu Ou Sl8gc, hOWcVcI
Il IcSISlS 8u0 0ccu0S IlSc. hcSc QIO0uClS, 8 QIIOII CuluI8 gOO0S, 8!c c8SIj
CO8Xc0 lO DcCOmc 8 u81Vc 8u0 8Im8lIVc Im8gc O CuluIc. LVcu 8cSlhclIC8j lhcIc
8Ic uOl lWO ljQcS O lI0lh. MOW Uc COulI80IClOIj 0cSI0cI8l8 C8u IcCIQIOC8j IulcI-
QcuclI8lc WIlhOul DcIug 8VcI8gc0 Oul 8S 8 mc0IOCIc COmQIOmISc DclWccu 8 QuI-
QOIlc0j gOO0 OIm 8u0 8u 8QQIOQII8lc SOCI8 COulcul [Inhu/t]C8u Dc cMc0 IOm
cCKcll S 0I8m8lIC 8H. lS 8SSOCI8lIVc OgIC, Iu WhICh Ouc SculcuCc 0I8WS 8lcI Il
lhc ucXl SculcuCc OI lhc IcQj, ]uSl 8S Iu muSIC 8 lhcmc mOlIV8lcS IlS COulIuu8lIOu
OI IlS COulI8Sl, SCODS 8! ImIl8lIOu O IlS cmQIIIC8 8QQc8!8uCc. hc IcSul IS lh8l,
25 c 5OCL1Y
hOO0c0, lhc cmQIIIC8j cSSculI8 IS IuCOIQOI8lc0 8CCOI0Iug lO IlS cX8Cl hISlOIIC8
ImQOIl8uCc 8u0 IulcgI8lc0 IulO lhc Q8j Ch8I8ClcI O lhc WOIK. hc 8llcI cXQIcSScS
lhc OD]cClIVc COu0IlIOu DOlh O COuSCIOuSucSS 8u0 O lhc Ic8Ilj lh8l Sh8QcS Il. hc
ucg8lIVIlj O lhc SuD]cCl 8S lhc lIuc OIm O OD]cClIVIlj C8u Ouj Dc QIcSculc0 Iu
I80IC8j SuD]cClIVc OIm, uOl Dj IcCOuISc lO 8 QuIQOIlc0j hIghcI Ic8Ilj. hc gII
m8CIug COWuS, ChI0ISh 8u0 DOO0j, IulO WhICh cCKcll S SuD]cCl IS 0cCOmQOSc0,
8Ic lh8l SuD]cCl S hISlOIIC8 lIulh, SOCImISl Ic8ISm IS, Dj COmQIISOu, SImQj
ChI0ISh. u Codotlhc Ic8lIOu O 0OmIu8lIOu 8u0 ScIVIlu0c, 8Oug WIlh IlS ScuIc
uu8DC OIm, IS lhcm8lIC Iu 8 Qh8Sc Iu WhICh COuUO OVcI OlhcIS 8DOI COulIuucS,
cVcu lhOugh hum8uIlj uO OugcI ucc0S Il OI IlS Sc-QIcScIV8lIOu. hIS mOlI, lIuj
Ouc O lhc cSSculI8 8WS O COulcmQOI8Ij SOCIclj, IS l8Kcu HIlhcI Iu Lndume.u
DOlh WOIKS cCKcll S lcChuIQuc huIS Il lO lhc QcIIQhcIj. Mcgc S Ch8QlcI IS lI8uS-
OImc0 IulO 8ucC0OlcS WIlh SOCIOCIIlIC8 uO cSS lh8u 0I8m8luIgICm uuClIOu. u
Lndumelhc lcuII8u Q8IlI8 C8l8SlIOQhc, lhc DOO0IcSl O cCKcll S COWu ]OKcS,
IS QIcSuQQOSc0 DOlh lhcm8lIC8j 8u0 OIm8j Iu lh8l Il h8S ODIlcI8lc0 8Il S COu-
SlIlucul, IlS gcucSIS. P cmIgI8lcS lO 8 Sl8u0QOIul lh8l IS uO OugcI 8 Sl8u0QOIul 8l
8 DcC8uSc lhcIc uO OugcI Sl8u0QOIulS IOm WhICh lhc C8l8SlIOQhc COu0 Dc
u8mc0 OI OImc0, 8 WOI0 lh8l SccmS II0ICuOuS Iu lhIS COulcXl. LndumeIS ucIlhcI
8 Q8j 8DOul lhc 8lOm DOmD uOI IS Il COulculcSS, lhc 0clcImIu8lc ucg8lIOu O IlS
COulcul [Inhu/t] DcCOmcS IlS OIm8 QIIuCIQc u0 lhc ucg8lIOu O COulcul 8lO-
gclhcI. cCKcll S OcuVIc gIVcS lhc IIghlH 8uSWcI lO 8Il lh8l, Dj IlS Sl8IlIug QOIul,
Dj IlS 0ISl8uCc IOm 8uj QI8XIS, 8Il Iu lhc 8Cc O mOIl8 lhIc8l DcCOmcS I0cOOgj
lhIOugh lhc h8ImcSSucSS O IlS mcIc OIm, Icg8I0cSS O IlS COulcul. hIS cXQ8IuS
lhc IuuX O lhc CODIC IulO cmQh8lIC WOIKS. l h8S 8 SOCI8 8SQcCl. u lh8l lhcII c-
cClIVcj DIu0O0c0 mOVcmcul OIIgIu8lcS cXCuSIVcj Iu lhcmScVcS, lhcII mOVc-
mcul DcCOmcS 8 W8KIug Iu Q8Cc 8u0 0cC8IcS IlSc 8S SuCh, ]uSl 8S Uc uuIcculIug
ScIIOuSucSS O lhc WOIK 0cC8IcS IlSc 8S IVOOuS, 8S Q8j. PIl C8u Ouj Dc IcCOu-
CIc0 WIlh IlS cXISlcuCc Dj cXQOSIug IlS OWu ScmD8uCc, IlS IulcD8 cmQlIucSS. lS
mOSl DIu0Iug CIIlcIIOu lO08j IS lh8l Iu lcImS O IlS OWu COmQcXIOu, uuIcCOuCIc0
WIlh 8 Ic8ISlIC 0cCcQlIOu, Il uO OugcI lOcI8lcS 8ujlhIug h8ImcSS. u 8 8Il lh8l
IS SlI QOSSIDc, SDI8 CIIlIQuc muSl Dc I8ISc0 lO lhc cVc O OIm, lO Uc QOIul lh8l
Il WIQcS Oul 8 m8uIcSlj SOCI8 COulcul [Inhu/t] .
Ilh lhc COulIuuIug OIg8uIZ8lIOu O m CuluI8 SQhcIcS lhc 0cSIIc gIOWS lO 8SSIgu
8Il IlS Q8Cc Iu SOCIclj lhcOIclIC8j 8u0 Iu0cc0 QI8ClIC8j, lhIS IS lhc 8Im O Iuuu-
mcI8Dc roandtub/eCOucIcuCcS 8u0 SjmQOSI8. LuCc 8Il h8S Dccu IcCOguIZc0 8S
8 SOCIm 8Cl, lhc SOCIOOgIC8 0cDuIlIOu O IlS COulcXl COuSI0cIS IlSc SuQcIIOI lO
Il 8u0 0ISQOScS OVcI Il. Llcu lhc 8SSumQlIOu IS lh8l lhc OD]cClIVIlj O V8uc-Hc
QOSIlIVISlIC KuOWc0gc IS SuQcIIOI lO SuQQOSc0j SuD]cClIVc 8cSlhclIC Sl8u0QOIulS.
buCh cu0c8VOIS lhcmScVcS C8 OI SOCI8 CIIlICISm. hcj l8CIlj SccK lhc QDm8Cj
O 80m1uISU8lIOu, O lhc 80mIuISlcIc0 WOI0 cVcu OVcI Wh8l IcuScS lO Dc gI8SQc0
Dj lOl8 SOCI8IZ8lIOu OI 8l 8uj I8lc SlIuggcS 8g8IuSl Il. Jhc SOVcIcIgulj O lhc
lOQOgI8QhIC8 cjc lh8l OC8IZcS QhcuOmcu8 Iu OI0cI lO SCIulIuIZc lhcII uuClIOu
5OCLTY L Z!
8u0 II_hl lD cXISl IS ShccI uSuIQ8lIDu. l I_uDIcS lhc 0I8cClIC D 8cSlhc!IC Qu8Ily
8u0 uuClIDu8 SDCIcly. P QIIDII, Iu CDuDImISl 8ShIDu, lhc 8CCcul 8S, I uDl Du
8Il S I0cDD_IC8 ccCl, lhcu 8l c8Sl Du lhc CDuSum8DIIly D 8II, WhIc 0ISmISSIu_
8 lh8l Iu WhICh lD08y SDCI8 IcHcClIDu WDu0 h8Vc IlS DD]cCl. hIS IS 0cCI0c0 Iu
80V8uCc, Iu CDuDImISl 8ShIDu. cC8uSc Ihc cXQ8uSIDu D lcChuIC8 80mIuISU8lIVc
QIDCc0uIcS IS HSc0 WIlh Uc SCIculIDC 8QQ8I8luS D IuVcSl_8lIDu, Il 8QQc8S lD
lhDSc SDIIS D IulccCIu8S WhD Iu0cc0 ScuSc SDmcIhIu_ D Ihc ucW SDCI8 ucCcSSI-
lIcS Dul uDlhIu_ D lhc ucCcSSIlIcS D 8II. hcII mcul8Ily IS lh8l D 8u Im8_Iu8Iy
SDCIDD_IC8 cCluIc Du CuluIc WhDSc lIlc ShDu0 Dc. hc tuuClIDu D ccVISIDu
DI lhc P08Ql8lIDu D LuIDQc lD !hc LcVcDQIu_ LDuulIIcS. bDCI8 IcHcClIDu Du
8Il h8S uDIhIu_ lD CDuUIDulc Iu !hIS SQIIIl D!hcI lh8u lD m8Kc Il !hcm8lIC 8u0
lhcIcDy IcSISl Il. hcu, 8S uDW, blcucIm8uu S'` CDmmcul hD0S _DD0 Ih8l Uc mDIc
lh8l IS 0Duc DI CuluIc, lhc WDISc Il luDS Dul.
tDI CDulcmQDI8Iy CDuSCIDuSucSS, 80 cSQcCI8y DI Slu0cul 8ClIVISlS, lhc Imm8-
ucul 0IDCulIcS D 8II, uD cSS Ih8u IlS SDCI8 ISD8lIDu, 8mDuul lD IlS CDu0cmu8-
!IDu. hIS IS 8 SI_u D Uc hISlDIIC8 SI!u8lIDu, 8u0 !hDSc WhD W8ul lD 8DDISh 8II
WDu0 Dc !hc 8Sl lD 80ml Il. hc 8V8ul-_8I0ISl 0ISIuQlIDuS D 8cS!hclIC8y 8V8ul-
_M0c QcIDIm8uCcS 8Ic 8S ChImcIIC8 8S !hc DcIc lh8l lhcy IcVDulIDu8Iy 8u0
!h8l IcVDulIDu IS 8 DIm D D8uly. LDluScucSS lD 8Il IS DcDW, uDl 8DDVc, CuluIc,
8u0 CDmmlmcul IlSc IS Dlcu uDlhIu_ Dul 8 8CK D l8cul DI CDuCcuU8lIDu, 8
S8CKcuIu_ D cucI_y. hcII mDSl IcCcul !IICK, WhICh W8S 80mIllc0y 8Ic80y QI8C-
lICc0 Dy t8SCISm, IcV8DIIZcS c_D-Wc8KucSS, lhc IuC8Q8CIly DI SuDIm8lIDu, 8S 8
SuQcIIDI Qu8Ily 8u0 SclS 8 mDI8 QIcmIum Du lhc Iuc D c8Sl IcSISl8uCc. l IS
C8Imc0 lh8l lhc 8_c D 8II IS DVcI, uDW Il IS 8 m8llcI D Ic8IZIu_ IlS lIulh CDulcul,
WhICh IS 8CIcy cQu8lc0 WIlh 8II S SDCI8 CDuIcul. hc VcI0ICl IS lDl8Il8II8.
h8l lD08y 8yS C8Im lD h8VIu_ Dccu Ic80 SDcy Dul D lhc m8lcII8, 8u0 Wh8l Iu
IlS 0uucSS Iu0cc0 DcIS lhc mDSl CDmQIug Ic8SDu DI lhc VcI0ICl Du 8II, Iu 8Cl
0DcS lhc _Ic8lcSl VIDcuCc lD lhc m8lcI8. hc mDmcul m IS QIDhIDIlc0 8u0 Il IS
0cCIcc0 lh8l Il muSl uD Du_cI Dc, 8IlIu lhc mI0Sl D lhc 80mIuISlI8lIVc WDI0
WIuS D8CK lhc I_hl lD cXISl, lhc 0cuI8 D WhICh IlSc DScmDcS 8u 80mIuIS!I8lIVc
8Cl. hOVcI W8ulS lD 8DDISh 8Il ChcIShcS Ihc IuSIDu lh8l 0cCISIVc Ch8u_c IS uDl
DDCKc0. LX8__cI8lc0 Ic8ISm IS uuIc8ISlIC. hc m8KIu_ D cVcIy 8ulhculIC WDIK
CDu!I80IClS Uc prcnanciumentclh8l uD mDIc C8u Dc m80c. hc 8DDIlIDu D 8Il
Iu 8 h8-D8ID8IIC SDCIcly lh8l IS lcu0Iu_ lDW8I0 lDl8 D8ID8IISm m8KcS IlSc
D8ID8IISmS SDCI8 Q8IlucI. PlhDu_h lhcII CDuSl8ul IcH8Iu IS CDuCIclcucSS, lhcy
]u0_c 8DSlI8Cly 8u0 Summ8IIy, DIu0 lD lhc QIcCISc 8u0 uuSDVc0 l8SKS 8u0 QDSSI-
DIIlIcS lh8l h8Vc Dccu IcQIcSSc0 Dy lhc mDSl IcCcul 8cSlhclIC 8ClIDuISm, SuCh 8S
lhc l8SKS 8u0 QDSSIDIIlcS D 8 Uuy Icc0 muSIC lh8l U8VcIScS lhc Icc0Dm D lhc
SuD]cCl I8lhcI Ih8u DcIu_ 8D8u0Duc0 lD lhIu_-IKc 8Icu8lc0 CDulIu_cuCy. 3cl lhcIc
IS uD 8I_uIu_ DVcI lhc QucSlIDu WhclhcI 8II IS ucCcSS8Iy. hc QucSlIDu IlSc IS
8Scy QDSc0 DcC8uSc lhc ucCcSSIly D 8IlI lhc I0c8 muSl Dc m8Iul8Iuc0 Whcu
lhc ISSuc IS Uc Ic8m D Icc0Dm IS IlS uDuucCcSSIly. D cV8u8lc 8Il 8CCDI0Iu_ lD
ZZ | 5OT
lhc 8l8uC8IC O ucCc88Ilj COVcIllj QIOlOu_8 lhc QIIuCIQc O cXCh8u_c, lhc QhII8-
lIuc8 COuCcD OI Wh8l C8u Dc _Ollcu OI Il. hc VcICICl lh8l Il I8 uO Ou_cI QO88IDc
lO Qul uQ WIlh Il, lhc ODcCIcul COulcmQ8lIOu O 8 QuQOIlcCj _IVcu 8!8lc, I8 Il8c
8 8hOQ-WOD DOuI_cOI8 _c8luIc, lhc WIIuKlcC DIOW lh8l WOIIIc8, hcIc I8 lhI8 8ll
_OIu_ lO cuC1 3cl QIcCI8cj lhI8 ljQc O lccOlO_j I8 IuImIC8 lO 8Il Iu8O8I 88 8Il
8l8uC8 88 QcuIQOlculI8Ij OI lhc Iu-Il8cl lh8l CD8 uOl jcl cXI8l. u lcIm8 O lhcII
hI8lOIICOQhIlO8OQhIC8 8I_uIDC8uCc, WOIK8 8Ic 8 lhc mOIc ImQOIl8ul lhc lc88 lhcj
COIuCICc WIlh lhcII 8l8_c O CcVcOQmcul. hc Quc8lIOu I8 8 8uIIcQlIlIOu8 OIm O
8OCI8l COuUOl. N8uj COulcmQOI8Q WOIK8 C8u Dc Ch8I8ClcIIZcC 88 8u 8u8IChj lh8l
ccClIVcj ImQlIc8 8 WI8h lO Dc QuIl O Il 8ll . hc 8ummIj ]uC_mcul Q888cC Ou 8Il,
WhICh I8 Il8cl Iu8CIIDcC Ou lhO8c WOIK8 lh8l WOulC lIKc lO 8uD8lIlulc lhcm8clVc8
OI 8Il, Ic8cmDlc8 lhc VcICICl QIDuOuuCcC Dj LcWI8 L8IIOll8 Quccu O Mcml8.
L WIlh lhcII hc8C8. PlcI lhc8c Dchc8CIu_8 lO lhc 8OuuC O 8 QOQ, Iu WhICh lhc
8OuuC O Iopa/urMasicIc8Ou8lc8, lhc hc8C _IOW8 D8CK. PIl h88 cVcIjlhIu_ lO c8I
Dul lhc uIhIlI8m O ImQOlcuCc. j Il8 8OCI8 QIO8CIIQlIOu, 8Il I8 Cc_I8CcC lO QIc
CI8cj lh8l IOlc O]uitsociu/lh8l Il Icu8c8 lO Ic8umc. hc N8IXI8l lhcOIj O ICc-
OlO_j, WhICh I8 8mDI_uOu8 Iu Il8c, I8 8l8IDcC 88 8 lOl8l lhcOIj O ICcOO_j Iu
N8uuhcImI8u 88hIOu 8uC DlIuCj 8QQlIcC lO 8Il. 1 ICcOO_j I8 8OCI8llj 8l8c COu-
8CIOu8uc88, Il COc8 uOl OlOW lh8l 8l COu8CIOu8uc88 I8 ICcOlO_IC8l. cclhOVcu8
88l Qu8Dcl8 8Ic COu8I_ucC lO lhc uuCcIWOIlC O OD8Oclc 8cmDl8uCc Oulj Ou lhc
D88I8 O I_uOI8uCc 8uC IuCOmQIchcu8IOu. hclhcI 8Il I8 8lIl QO88IDlc lOC8j C8uuOl
Dc CcCICcC HOm 8DOVc, IOm lhc QcI8QcClIVc O lhc Icl8lIOu8 O QIOCuClIOu. hc
Quc8lIOu CcQcuC8, I8lhcI, Ou lhc 8l8lc O lhc OICc8 O QIOCuClIOu. l cuCOmQ888c8
Wh8l I8 QO88IDc Dul nOl jcl tc8lZcC. 8u m lh8l Icu8c8 lO lc! Il8cl! Dc lcIIOIZcC Dj
QO8IlIVI8l ICcOO_j. P8 c_IlIm8lc 88 McIDcIl N8ICu8c 8 CIIlIQuc O lhc 8HIm8lIVc
Ch8I8ClcI O CuluIc W88," Il8 lhc8I8 IcQuIIc8 Uc IuVc8lI_8lIOu O lhc IuCIVICu8l
mlWOIK. LlhcIWI8c Il WOulC DcCOmc 8u 8ulICulluIc lc8_uc, Il8cl uO DcllcI lh8u
8uj CulluI8l 888cl. 8DIC CIIlICI8m O CuluIc I8 uOl I8CIC8. 8HIm8lIOu I8 IuCccC
8 88QcCl O 8Il, lhI8 8HIm8lIOu I8 uO mOIc lOl8llj 8l8c lh8u CuluIcDcC8u8c Il
8IcCI8 lOl8lj 88c. LulluIc ChcCK8 D8ID8I8m, WhICh I8 WOI8c, Il uOl Oulj Ic-
QIc88c8 u8luIc Dul COu8cIVc8 Il lhtOu_h Il8 IcQIc88IOu, lhI8 Ic8Ou8lc8 Iu lhc COuCcQl
O CulluIc, WhICh OII_Iu8lc8 Iu 8_IICulluIc. Ic h88 Dccu QcIQclu8lcC lhIOu_h Cul-
luIc, 8lOu_ WIlh lhc ICc8 O 8 CcCcul lIc, Il8 cChO Ic8OuuC8 Iu 8ulhculIC 8IlWOIK8.
PHIm8lIOu CD8 uO! Dc8lOW 8 h8lO Ou lhc 8l8lu8 QuO, I u 8jmQ8lhj WIlh Wh8l
cXI8l8, Il CccuC8 Il8c 8_8Iu8l Cc8lh, lhc lclO8 O 8l COmIu8lIOu. LOuDlIu_ lhI8
COmc8 Ouj 8l lhc QIICc O DclIcVIu_ lh8l Cc8lh Il8cl I8 hOQc.
hc COuDlc Ch8I8ClcI O 8Il8OmclhIu_ lh8l 8cVcI8 Il8c IOm cmQIIIC8l Ic8lIlj
8uC lhcIcDj HOm 8OCIclj 8 HuClIOu8l COulcXl 8uC jcl I8 8l lhc 88mc lImc Q8Il O
cmQIIIC8 Ic8lIlj 8uC 8OCIclj 8 uuClIOu8 COulcXlI8 CIIcCllj 8QQ8Icul Iu lhc 8c8-
lhclIC QhcuOmcu8, WhICh 8Ic DOlh 8c8lhclIC 8uC]uit sociuax.hcj IcQuIIc 8 COu-
Dc OD8cIV8lIOu lh8l I8 uO mOIc lO Dc QO8IlcC 88 8u uu8lOjcC WhOc lh8u 8c8lhclIC
8ulOuOmj 8uC 8Il C8u Dc COuD8lcC 88 8OmclhIu_ 8UIClj 8OCI8. hI8 COuDc Ch8I-
SOCTY | 25J
8ClcI DcCOmcS QhjSIOguOmIC8j CcCIQhcI8Dc, WhclhcI IulculIOu8j SO OI uOl,
Whcu Ouc VIcWS OI ISlcuS lO 8Il HOm 8u cXlcH8 V8ul8gc QOIul, 8uC, CcIl8Iuj, 8Il
8W8jS Sl8uCS Iu uccC O IhIS cXlcH8 QcISQcClIVc OI QIOlcClIOu HOm Ihc clISh-
IZ8lIOu O IlS 8ulOuOmj. NuSIC, WhclhcI Il IS Q8jcC Iu 8 C8c OI, 8S IS Ocu Ihc
C8Sc Iu PmcIIC8, QIQcC IulO IcSl8uI8ulS, C8u Dc U8uSOImcC IulO SOmclhIug COm-
Qclcj CIcIcul, O WhICh Ihc hum O COuVcIS8lIOu 8uC Ihc I8llc O CIShcS 8uC
Wh8lcVcI cSc DcCOmcS 8 Q81l. O HD IlS uuClIOu, lhIS muSIC QIcSuQQOScS CIS-
lI8ClcC ISlcucIS uO cSS lh8u Iu IlS 8ulOuOmOuS Sl8lc Il cXQClS 8llculIVcucSS. P
mcCcj IS SOmclImcS m8Cc uQ O Q8IlS O 81lWOIKS, Dul lhIOugh lhIS mOul8gc lhc
Q8IlS 8Ic uuC8mcul8j U8uSOImcC. uuClIOuS SuCh 8S W8ImIug QcOQc uQ 8uC
CIOWuIug Oul SIcuCc IcC8SlS muSIC 8S SOmcIhIug CcDucC 8S mOOC, lhc COmmOCI-
DcC ucg8lIOu O Ihc DOIcCOm QIOCuCcC Dj lhc gIcj-Ou-gIcj COmmOCIlj WOIC.
hc SQhcIc O culcIl8Iumcul, WhICh h8S Oug Dccu IulcgI8lcC IulO QIOCuClIOu,
8mOuulS lO lhc COmIu8lIOu O lhIS ccmcul O 81l OVcI 8 lhc IcSl O IlS QhcuOmcu8.
hcSc ccmculS 8ul8gOuISUC. hc SuDOICIu8lIOu O 8ulOuOmOuS 8IlWOIKS lO
lhc ccmcul O SOCI8 uuClIOu DuIIcC WIlhIu c8Ch WOIK 8uC HOm WhICh 81l OIIgI-
u8lcC Iu lhc COuISc O 8 QIOlI8ClcC SUuggc, WOuuCS 8Il 8l IlS mOSl VuucI8Dc
QOIul. Xcl SOmcOuc SIllIug Iu 8 C8c WhO IS SuCCcuj SUuCK Dj Uc muSIC 8DC IS-
lcuS IulcuScj m8j cc OCC lO hImSc 8uC Sccm OOISh lO OlhcIS. u lhIS 8ul8gO-
uISm lhc uuC8mcul8 Ic8lIOu O 8Il 8uC SOCIclj 8QQc8IS. hc COulIuuIlj O 8Il IS
CcSlIOjcC Whcu Il IS cXQcIIcuCcC cXlcH8j, ]uSl 8S mcCcjS WIuj CcSUOj Il Iu
lhc m8lcII8. Mc8IC Iu lhc COIIICOIS O lhc COuCcIl h8 , Illc Icm8IuS O Ouc O
cclhOVcu S OIChcSU8 WOIKS lh8u lhc ImQD8 Kcllc C1um, cVcu Iu lhc SCOIc Ihc
CIumS IcQIcScul 8u 8ulhOIIl8II8u gcSluIc, WhICh lhc WOIK DOIIOWcC IOm SOCIclj
Iu OICcI lO SuDIm8lc Il Iu lhc c8DOI8lIOu O lhc COmQOSIlIOu. OI 8Il S lWO Ch8I-
8ClcIS 8Ic uOl COmQclcj IuCIcIcul lO c8Ch OlhcI. 8 WOIK O 8ulhculIC muSIC
SII8yS IulO lhc SOCI8 SQhcIc O D8CKgIOuuC muSIC, Il m8j uucXQcClcCj U8uSCcuC
lh8l SQhcIc Dj lhc QuIIlj Ih8l IS Sl8IucC Dj SOCI8 uuClIOu. Lu lhc OUcI h8uC, lhc
CcIIV8lIOu O 8ulhculIC WOIKS IOm SOCI8 uuClIOuS, 8S Iu lhc C8Sc O cclhOVcuS
Kcllc CIumS, C8uuOl Dc W8ShcC 8W8j, 8gucI S IIIIl8lIOu WIIh lhOSc VcSlIgcS O
CIVcIlISScmcul Iu NOZ8Il h8S SIuCc Dccu Sh8IQcucC IulO 8 soapon cVcu 8g8IuSl
lhOSc WOIKS lh8l VOuul8IIj DIC 8IcWc lO culcII8Iumcul. PlcI lhc 8gc O 8cS-
lhclIC 8ulOuOmj, Ihc QOSIlIOu O 8IlISlS Iu SOCIclj, lO lhc cXlcul lh8l Il IS SIguIDC8ul
WIlh Icg8IC lO m8SS IcCcQlIOu, lcuCS lO IcVcIl IulO hclcIOgcucIlj. QIIOI lO lhc
IcuCh HcVOulIOu 8IlISlS WcIc 8CKcjS, lhcj h8Vc SIuCc DcCOmc culcIl8IucIS. hc
CuluIc IuCuSlIj C8S IlS cmckQcIOImcIS Dj lhcII DISl u8mc, ]uSl 8S hc8C W8IlcIS
8uC h8II CIcSScIS ChummIj IccI lO lhc ]etset. hc CcmOIlIOu O lhc CIcIcuCc
DclWccu lhc 8IlISl 8S 8cSlhclIC SuD]cCl 8uC Ihc 81lISl 8S cmQIIIC8 QcISOu 8SO 8llcSlS
lO lhc 8DOIlIOu O lhc CISl8uCc O lhc 8IlWOIK IOm lhc cmQIIIC8 WOIC, WIlhOul
hOWcVcI 8D S lhcIcDj IcluHIug lO 8 Ic8m O IccCOm, WhICh Iu 8uj C8Sc COS
uOl cXISl. hIS CcCcQlIVcj m8uu8CluIcC QIOXImIlj O 81l ScIVcS QIODl. IOm Ihc
V8ul8gc QOIul O 8Il, IlS COuDc Ch8I8ClcI CIugS lO c8Ch O IlS WOIKS 8S 8 H8W O IlS
254 | SOClETY
0IShOucSl OIIgIu, ]uSl 8S SOCI8lj 8IlISlS WcIc OuCc lIc8lc0 8S 0IShOucSl QcISOuS.
hIS S8mc OIIgIu, hOWcVcI, IS 8lSO lhc OCuS O IlS mImclIC cSScuCc. lS 0IShOucSlj,
WhICh COulI80IClS lhc 0IguIlj l8I0 Cl8Im lO Dj IlS 8ulOuOmj, WhICh QuS IlScl uQ
Oul O guIll OVcI IlS Q8IlICIQ8lIOu Iu SOCIclj, Ic0Ouu0S lO IlS hOuOI 8S mOCXcIj O
lhc hOucSlj O SOCI8lj uScul l8DOI.
hc Icl8lIOu O SOCI8 QI8XIS 8u0 8Il, 8W8jS V8II8Dc, m8j Wcl h8Vc Ch8ugc0 I80I-
C8llj OuCc 8g8Iu OVcI lhc l8Sl OIlj OI Dlj jc8IS. uIIug OIl0 8I 8u0 QIIOI lO
bl8Iu, 8IlISlIC 8u0 QOlIlIC8llj 80V8uCc0 lhOughl Wcul Iu l8u0cm, WhOcVcI C8mc O
8gc Iu lhOSc jc8IS lOOX 8Il lO Dc Wh8l Il Iu uO W8j hISlOIIC8lj h80 Dccu. 8 QIIOII
QOlIlIC8j Ou lhc c. bIuCc lhcu lhc Zh08uOVS 8u0 1DIIChlS h8Vc uOl Ouj cu-
Ch8Iuc0 lhc OICc O 8IlISlIC QIO0uClIOu WIlh lhc 0ICl8lc O SOCI8lISl Ic8lISm Dul
8Clu8lj DIOXcu Il, SOCI8lj lhc 8cSlhclIC IcgIcSSIOB OI WhICh lhcj 8Ic IcSQOuSIDlc
IS lI8uSQ8Icul 8S 8 Qcllj DOuIgcOIS DX8lIOu. j COmQ8IISOu, 0uIIug lhc 0cC80cS
8lcI lhc bcCOu0 8I, WIlh lhc WOIl0 0IVI0c0 IulO lWO QOlIlIC8l DOCS, lhc IuIug
IulcIcSlS Iu Uc cSl h8Vc SIguc0 8 IcVOC8Dc Qc8Cc WIlh I80IC8 8Il, 8DSlI8Cl Q8Iul-
Iug IS SuDSI0IZc0 Dj hc8Vj LcIm8u Iu0uSlIj, 8u0 Iu I8uCc 0c L8uc S mIuISlcI
O CuluIc IS Pu0Ic N8I8uX. PV8ul-g8I0c 0OCUIucS, I lhcII OQQOSIlIOu lO com-
manisopinio IS gI8SQc0 WIlh SuCIcul 8DSlI8ClucSS 8u0 I lhcj Icm8Iu lO SOmc
0cgIcc mO0cI8lc, 8Ic SOmclImcS SuSCcQlIDlc lO cIlISl IcIulcIQIcl8lIOu, 8S h8S Dccu
lhc C8Sc WIlh 1Ouu0 8u0 tlIOl. cu]8mIu 8lIc80j uOlc0 lhc 8SCISl QcuCh8ul Iu
uluIISm, WhICh C8u Dc lI8Cc0 D8CX lO QcIIQhcI8l 8SQcClS O 8u0c8IIc S mO0-
cDISm. ` Pl lhc S8mc, Whcu cu]8mIu Iu hIS l8lcI WOIX 0ISl8uCc0 hImScl IOm
lhc 8cSlhclIC 8V8ul-g8I0c 8l lhOSc QOIulS WhcIc Il 8Ilc0 lO lOc lhc LOmmuuISl
8Ilj Iuc, IcChlS h8lIcd O! u IulccClu8S m8j Wc h8Vc Q8jcd 8 Q8Il. hc
cIlISl ISOl8lIOu O 80V8uCc0 8Il IS lcSS IlS 0OIug lh8u SOCIclj S, lhc uuCOuSCIOuS
Sl8u08I0S O lhc m8SScS 8Ic lhc S8mc 8S lhOSc ucCcSS8Ij lO lhc QIcScIV8lIOu O lhc
Icl8lIOuS Iu WhICh lhc m8SScS 8Ic IulcgI8lc0, 8u0 lhc QIcSSuIc O hclcIOuOmOuS
Ic m8XcS 0ISlI8ClIOu COmQulSOIj, lhuS QIOhIDIlIug lhc COuCculI8lIOu O 8 SUOug
cgO lh8l IS IcQuISIlc lO Uc cXQcIIcuCc O lhc uOuSlcIcOljQIC8l. hIS DIcc0S IcScul-
mcul. lhc IcSculmcul O lhc m8SScS lOW8I0 Wh8l IS 0cuIc0 lhcm Dj lhc c0uC8lIOu
lh8l IS IcScIVc0 OI lhc QIIVIlcgc0, 8u0cVcI SIuCc blIIu0DcIg 8u0 bChOcuDcIg
IcSculmcul O lhc 8cSlhclIC8lj QIOgIcSSIVc lOW8I0 lhc m8SScS. hc j8WuIug
SChISm DclWccu lhcII 8cSlhclIC troavui//es8u0 8 QOIlIC8 QOSluIc lh8l IS m8uIcSl
Iu lhc COulcul [Inhu/t] 8u0 IulculIOu O WOIXS, SIguIDC8ullj 08m8gcS 8IlISlIC
COuSISlcuCj. hc SOCI8l IulcIQIcl8lIOu O O0cI lIlcI8luIc Iu lcImS O IlS QOIlIC8
COulcul [Inhu/t] IS O uuCcIl8Iu V8uc. hc IulcIQIcl8lIOu O LIccX mjlhS, SuCh 8S
ICOS IulcIQIcl8lIOu O lh8l O L80muS, W8S IugcuIOuS. Xcl lhc Ic0uClIOu O
bh8XcSQc8Ic S Q8jS lO lhc I0c8 O Cl8SS SUugglc, 8S IcChl mc8ul lO 0O, gOcS lOO
8I 8u0 mISScS Wh8l IS cSSculI8l, cXCcQl Iu lhOSc 0I8m8S WhcIc C8SS SUugglc IS
Clc8Ilj 8 lhcmc. hIS IS uOl lO Cl8Im lh8l Wh8l IS cSSculI8 IS Iu0IcIcul lO SOCIclj
8u0, Iu hum8u lcImS, lImccSS. h8l IS 0IIVcl. b8lhcI, lhc SOCI8 ccmcul IS mc0I-
8lc0 Dj lhc OD]cClIVc OIm8l QOSluIc O lhc Ql8jS, Wh8l LuX8CS C8c0 lhcII QcI-
SOlETY c 255
SQcClIVc. h8l IS SOCI8 Iu bh8KcSQc8Ic IS C8lcgOIIcS S0Ch 8S lhOSc O lhc Iu0IVI0-
08 8u0 Q8SSIOu. lI8IlS S0Ch 8S L8ID8u S DO0IgcOIS COuCIclcucSS 8u0 lhc COIIuQl
NcuclI8u mcICh8ulS, lhc COuCcQlIOu O 8 ScmIm8lII8ICh8 WOI0 Iu Mucbeth 8u0
Kin Leur; lhc COmQclc 0ISg0Sl OI QOWcI Iu Antcny und C/ecputru 8S Wc
8S IOSQcIOS gcSl0Ic O IcSIgu8lIOu. j COulI8Sl, lhc COuHIClS O Q8UICI8uS 8u0
QcDcI8uS 0I8Wu HOm HOm8u hISlOIj 8Ic mcIcj C0luI8 gOO0S. 1u bh8KcSQc8Ic,
lhc mOIc IlcI8j lhc N8IXISl lhcSIS IS hc0 lh8l 8 hISlOIj IS lh8l O C8SS SlIuggc,
lhc mOIc 00DIO0S Il 8QQc8IS. L8SS SlIuggc OD]cClIVcj QIcS0QQOScS 8 hIgh cVc
O SOCI8 IulcgI8lIOu 8R0 0IcIculI8lIOu, 8u0 S0D]cClIVcj Il IcQ0IIcS C8SS COu-
SCIO0SucSS, WhICh DISl 0cVcOQc0 I00Imcul8IIj Iu DO0IgcOIS SOIclj. l IS uOlhIug
ucW lO uOlc lh8l C8SS IlSc, lhc SOCI8 S0DS0mQlIOu O 8lOmS lO 8 gcucI8 COuCcQl
lh8l cXQIcSScS lhcII COuSlIl0lIVc 8S Wc 8S hclcIOgcucO0S Ic8lIOuS, IS SlIuCl0I8j
8 DO0IgcOIS Ic8Ilj. bOCI8 8ul8gOuISmS 8Ic 8S O0 8S lhc hIS, Ouj 0cS0lOIIj 0I0
lhcj DcCOmc C8SS SU0ggcS. WhcIc m8IKcl cCOuOmIcS Ic8lc0 lO DO0IgcOIS SOCI-
clj Dcg8u lO l8Kc Sh8Qc. tOI lhIS Ic8SOu lDc IulcQIcl8lIOu O cVcIjlhIug hISlOIIC8
8S C8SS SlIuggc h8S 8 SIghlj 8u8CDIOuISlIC ulr, ]0Sl 8S lhc mO0c O 8 O N8IXS
COuSlIuClIOuS 8u0 cXlI8QO8lIOuS W8S U8l O IDcI8 culIcQIcuc0II8 C8QIl8ISm.
I0c, SOCI8 8ul8gOuISmS ShImmcI lhIO0gh bh8KcSQc8Ic S Q8jS 8l cVcIj QOIul, jcl
lhcj 8Ic m8uIcSl Iu Iu0IVI008S 8u0 8Ic COcClIVc Ouj Iu CIOW0 SCcucS lh8l O-
OW lOQOI S0Ch 8S U8l O lhc S0ggcSlIDIIlj O mODS. tIOm 8 SOCI8 QcISQcClIVc Il IS
8l c8Sl cVI0cul lh8l bh8KcSQcMc CO00 uOl h8Vc Dccu 8COu. h8l c8Ij DO0IgcOIS
0I8cClIC8 0I8m8lISl Dchc0 lhc theutrammandiuOl IOm lhc QcISQClIVc O QIO-
gIcSS D0l IOm lh8l O lhc VIClImS O QIOgIcSS. bcVcIIug lhIS cuSu8Icmcul lDIO0gh
SOCI8 8S Wc 8S 8cSlhclIC m8l0I8lIOu IS m80c QIOhIDIlIVcj 0IC0l Dj Uc SOCIm
SlI0Cl0Ic. Iu 8Il OIm8 Ch8I8ClcIISlICS 8Ic uOl 8CIcj IulcIQIcl8Dc Iu QOIlIC8
lcImS, cVcIjlDIug OIm8 Iu 8Il ucVcIlhccSS h8S S0DSl8ulIVc ImQIC8lIOuS 8u0 lhcj
cXlcu0 IulO QOIlICS. hc IDcI8lIOu O OIm, WhICh gcu0Iucj ucW 8Il 0cSIIc8,
hO0S cuCIQhcIc0 WIlhIu Il 8DOVc 8 lhc IDcI8lIOu O SOIclj, OI OIm ~lhc SOCI8
ucX0S O cVcIjlhIug Q8IlIC08IIcQIcSculS lhc SOCI8 Ic8lIOu Iu lhc 8IlWOIK, UIS
IS Whj IDcI8lc0 OIm IS 88Ucm8 lO lhc Sl8l0S Q0O. hIS IS COuDImc0 Dj QSjChO
8u8jSIS. l hO0S lh8l 8 8Il, lhc ucg8lIOu O lhc Ic8Ilj QIIuCIQc, QIOlcSlS 8g8IuSl
lhc Im8gc O lhc 8lhcI 8u0 IS lO lhIS cXlcul IcVO0lIOu8Ij. hIS OD]cClIVcj ImQIcS
lhc QOIlIC8 Q8IlICIQ8lIOu O lhc 0uQOIlIC8. bO Oug 8S SOCI8 ImDIIC8lIOu W8S uOl
jcl SO 8ggOmcI8lc0 lh8l OIm IlSc DcC8mc S0DVcISIVc QIOlcSl, lhc Ic8lIOu O 8Il-
WOIKS lO cXISlIug SOCI8 Ic8Ilj W8S cSS COulculIO0S. IlhO0l 8lOgclDcI S0IIcu-
0cIIug lO lDIS Ic8Ilj, 8Il W8S 8Dc lO 8QQIDQII8lc SOCI8 ccmculS WIlhO0l 8Rj gIc8l
lO-0O, lO COulIu0c Cc8Ij lO IcScmDc SOCIclj, 8u0 lO COmm0uIC8lc WIlD Il. O08j
lhc SOCI8j CIIlIC8 8SQcCl O 8IlWOIKS h8S DcCOmc OQQOSIlIOu lO cmQIIIC8 Ic8Ilj
8S S0Ch DcC80Sc lhc 8llcI h8S DcCOmc IlS OWu Sc-00QIC8lIDg I0cOOgj, lhc Q0Iu
lcSScuCc O 0OmIu8lIOu. DclhcI Ml Iu lu DcCOmcS SOCI8j IIIccV8ulcmQlj
Q8j 8u0 0cCOI8lIOu O SOCI8 D0Slc0cQcu0S Ou lhc cXlcul lO WDICh IlS COuSlIuC-
lIOuS 8u0 mOul8gcS 8Ic SIm0l8ucO0Sj 0c-mOul8gcS, 0cSlIOjIug WhIc IcCcIVIug
Z | SOlET
lBc ccmculS O Ic8Ily 8u0 SB8QIug lBcm Hccy 8S SOmclBIug OlBcI. Bc uuIly O
8Il S 8cSlBclIC 8u0 SOCI8 CIIlcII8 IS COuSlIlulc0 Dy WBclBcI, Iu lI8uSCcu0Iug cmQII-
IC8 Ic8Ily, Il SuCCcc0S 8l COuCIclIZIug IlS Ic8lIOu lO WB8l Il h8S lI8uSCcu0c0, Iu
0OIug SO Il g8IuS 8 SOIl O QIcIOg8lIVc. IlBOul cllIug IlSc Dc Qul uQOu Dy QOIlI-
C8 8ClIVISlS lO QIOVI0c lBc mcSS8gcS lB8l SuIl lBcm, 8Il WOu0 lBcu B8IDOI uO
0OuDl 8S lO WB8l Il IS 8lcI. 1c8IcSS O 8uy COuU80IClIOu, IC8SSO 8u0 b8IlIc OQlc0
OI 8 QOIlICS lB8l 0IS08Iuc0 WB8l lBcy SlOO0 OI 8cSlBclIC8y 8u0 Ouy Qul uQ WIlB
lBcm lO lBc cXlcul lB8l lBcII u8mcS B80 QIOQ8g8u08 V8uc. BcII 8llIlu0c IS ImQIcS-
SIVc DcC8uSc lBcy 0O uOl SuD]cClIVcy 0ISSOVc lBc COuU80IClIOu, WBICB B8S 8u OD-
]cClIVc ]uSlIDC8lIOu, Dy lBc uuIVOC8 COmmIlmcul lO Ouc lBcSIS OI IlS OQQOSIlc. Bc
CIIlIQuc O lBcII 8llIlu0c IS QcIlIucul Ouy 8S Ouc O lBc QOIlICS OI WBICB lBcy VOlc,
lBc Smug 8SScIIIOu lB8l lBcy Ouy BuIl lBcmScVcS mISScS lBc QOIul. M8I0y 8Sl
8mOug lBc 8QOII8 O lBc 8gc IS lB8l uO lBOugBl BO0S Uc lh8l 0OcS uOl 0O 08m8gc
lO lBc IulcIcSlS, cVcu lBc OD]cClIVc IulcIcSlS, O lBOSc WBO OSlcI Il.
O08y lBc uOmcuC8luIc O OIm8ISm 8u0 SOCI8ISl Ic8ISm IS uSc0, WIlB gIc8l
COuScQucuCc, lO 0ISlIuguISB DclWccu lBc 8ulOuOmOuS 8u0 lBc SOCI8 cSScuCc O
8Il. BIS uOmcuC8luIc IS cmQOyc0 Dy lBc 80mIuISlcIc0 WOI0 lO cXQOIl OI IlS
OWu QuIQOScS lBc OD]cClIVc 0I8cClIC lB8l IuBcIcS Iu lBc 0OuDc CB8I8ClcI O c8CB
8u0 cVcIy 8IIWOIK. BcSc lWO 8SQcClS 8Ic ScVcIC0 IOm c8CB OlBcI 8u0 uSc0 lO
0IVI0c lBc SBccQ HOm lBc gO8lS. BIS 0ICBOlOmIZ8lIOu IS 8Sc DcC8uSc Il QIcSculS
lBc lWO 0yu8mIC8y Ic8lc0 ccmculS 8S SImQc 8lcD8lIVcS. Bc Iu0IVI0u8 8IlISl
IS SuQQOSc0 lO CBOOSc. B8uKS lO 8u cVcI QIcScul SOCI8 m8SlcI Q8u, IuCIu8lIOu IS
8W8yS cuCOuI8gc0 Iu lBc 8ulIOIm8ISlIC 0IIcClIOuS, lBc OlBcIS 8Ic QIOuOuuCc0
u8IIOW ScCI8Iz8lIOuS IcSlIIClc0 lO lhc 0IVISIOu O 8DOI 8u0 QOSSIDy cVcu
SuSCcQlIDc lO u81Vc DOuIgcOIS IuSIOuS. Bc OVIug C8Ic WIlB WBICB 8QQ8I8-
lCBIKS c80 IcI8ClOIy mlISlS Oul O lBcII ISO8lIOu l8IcS WIlB lBc 8SS8SSIu8lIOu O
NcycIBO0." u 0lB lBc 8DSlI8Cl 8ulIlBcSIS O OIm8ISlIC 8u0 8ulIOIm8ISlIC 8Il
C8uuOl Dc m8Iul8Iuc0 OuCc 8Il W8ulS lO Dc mOIc lB8u 8u OQcu OI COVcII pep tu/k.
PIOuu0 lBc lImc O OI0 8I , OI SOmcWB8l 8lcI mO0cH Q8IulIug QO8IIZc0
IulO CuDISm 8u0 SuIIc8ISm. ul CuDISm IlSc IcVOlc0, Iu lcImS O IlS 8Clu8 COu-
lcul [Inhu/t] , 8g8IuSl lBc DOuIgcOIS I0c8 O 8 g8QcSSy QuIc Imm8ucuCc O 8Il-
WOIKS. LOuVcIScy, ImQOIl8ul SuHc8ISlS SuCB 8S N8X LDSl 8u0 Pu0Ic N8SSOu,
WBO IcuSc0 lO COu0c WIlB lBc m8IKcl 8u0 IuIlI8y QIOlcSlc0 8g8IuSl lBc SQBcIc
O M IlSc, gI80u8y luDc0 lOWm0 OIm8 QIIuCIQcS, 8u0 N8SSOu 8Igcy 8D8u-
0Ouc0 IcQIcScul8lIOu, 8S lBc I0c8 O SBOCK, WBICB 0ISSIQ8lcS QuICKy Iu lBc lBc-
m8lIC m8lcII8, W8S lI8uSOImc0 IulO 8 lcCBuIQuc O Q8IulIug. IlB lBc IulculIOu lO
uum8SK lBc B8DIlu8 WOI0 Iu 8 D8SB O IgBl 8S ScmD8uCc 8u0 IuSIOu, lBc SlcQ
lOW8I0 uOuIcQIcScul8lIOu8 8Il B8S lccOOgIC8y 8Ic80y Dccu l8Kcu. LOuSUuC-
lIVISm, ODCI8y lBc 8ul8gOuISl O D8ISm, B8S Dy VIIluc O IlS 8ulI-IuSOIy 8u-
gu8gc 0ccQcI Ic8lIOuS WIlB lBc BISlOIIC8 lI8uSOIm8lIOu O Ic8Ily lB8u 0OcS 8
Ic8ISm Oug OVcI8I0 WIlB 8 IOm8ulIC V8ISB DcC8uSc IlS QIIuCIQc-lBc SB8m
IcCOuCII8lIOu WIlB lBc OD]cCl-B8S gI80u8y DcCOmc IOm8ulIC. IlB Icg8I0 lO
5O1Y L Z1
COulcul, lhc ImQuScS O COuSlIuClIVISm WcIc lhOSc O lhc cVcI QIODcm8lIC
8dcQu8Cj O 8Il lO lhc dIScuCh8ulcd WOId, WhICh COud uO OugcI Dc 8ChIcVcd Dj
lI8dIlIOu8 Ic8ISm WIlhOul DCOmIug 8C8dcmIC. Od8j Wh8lcVcI QIOC8ImS IlSc
in/ome//e' 'DcCOmcS 8cSlhclIC Ouj Dj 8IlICu8lIug IlSc 8S OIm, OlhcIWISc Il
WOud 8mOuul lO uO mOIc lh8u 8 dOCumcul. u lhc C8Sc O SuCh cXcmQ8Ij MISlS
O lhc cQOCh 8S bChOcuDcIg, cc, 8ud IC8SSO, lhc cXQIcSSIVc mImclIC ccmcul
8ud lhc COuSUuClIVc ccmcul 8Ic O cQu8 IulcuSIlj, uOl Dj SccKIug 8 h8QQj mc8u
DclWccu lhcm Dul I8lhcI Dj W8j O lhc cXUcmcS. 3cl c8Ch IS SImul8ucOuSj
COulcul-8dcu, cXQIcSSIOu IS lhc ucg8lIVIlj O SucIIug, 8ud COuSlIuClIOu IS lhc
cOIl lO Dc8I uQ uudcI lhc SucIIug O 8Icu8lIOu Dj cXCccdIug Il Ou lhc hOIIZOu
O uudImIuIShcd 8ud lhuS uO OugcI VIOcul I8lIOu8Ilj. JuSl 8S Iu lhOughl, OIm
8ud COulcul 8Ic 8S dISlIuCl 8S lhcj 8Ic mcdI8lcd Iu Ouc 8uOlhcI, SO lOO Iu 8Il. Jc
COuCcQlS O QIOgIcSS 8ud Ic8ClIOu 8Ic h8Idj 8QQIC8Dc lO 8Il 8S Oug 8S lhc 8D-
SlI8Cl dIChOlOmj O OIm 8ud COulcul IS 8CCcdcd lO. hIS dIChOlOmj IS IcC8QIlu-
8lcd Iu 8SScIlIOu 8ud COuulcI8SScIlIOu. bOmc C8 8IlISlS Ic8ClIOuMj DcC8uSc lhcj
QuIQOIlcdj Ch8mQIOu SOCI8j Ic8ClIOuMj lhcScS OI DcC8uSc lhIOugh lhc OIm O
lhcII WOIKS lhcj SuQQOScdj 8Id QOIlIC8 Ic8SOu Iu SOmc 8dmIllcdj dISCIccl 8ud
uOl QuIlc gI8SQ8Dc 8ShIOu, OlhcIS duD 8IlISlS Ic8ClIOu8Ij OI 8Iug DchIud Uc
cVc O 8IlISlIC OICcS O QIOduClIOu. ul lhc COulcul [Cehu/t] O ImQOIl8ul 8Il-
WOIKS C8u dcVI8lc HOm lhc OQIuIOu O lhcII 8ulhOIS. l IS ODVIOuS lh8l bUIudDcIg
IcQIcSSIVcj IuVcIlcd DScu S DOuIgcOIS-cm8uCIQ8lOIj IulculIOuS. Lu lhc OlhcI
hmd, hIS OIm8 IuuOV8lIOuS, lhc dISSOulIOu O dI8m8lIC Ic8ISm 8ud lhc IcCOu
SUuClIOu O dIc8mIKc cXQcIIcuCc, 8Ic OD]cClIVcj CIIlIC8 . hcj 8llcSl lO lhc
lI8uSIlIOu O S0Iclj lOWMd hOIIOI mOIc 8ulhculIC8j lh8u dO LOIKIS DI8VcSl
8CCuS8lIOuS. O UIS cXlcul lhcj 8Ic 8SO SOCI8j QIO_cSSIVc, lhc d8WuIug Sc-
COuSCIOuSucSS O lh8l C8l8SUOQhc OI WhICh lhc DOuIgcOIS IudIVIdu8ISlIC SOCIclj
IS QIcQ8IIug. u Il lhc 8DSOulcj IudIVIdu8 DcCOmcS 8 ghOSl 8S Iu ChostSonutu.u
COuulcIQOIul lO UIS lhc gIc8lcSl WOIKS O u8luI8ISm. lhc uumIlIg8lcd hOIIOI O
lhc HISl 8Cl O M8uQlm8uu S Hunne/e'sAscension C8uScS lhc IcVcIS8 O 8IlhH
IcQIOduClIOu IulO lhc WIdcSl cXQIcSSIOu. bOCI8 CIIlICISm O 8 QOIlIC8j dcCIccd
IcSuSCIl8lIOu O Ic8ISm IS ImQOIl8ul, hOWcVcI, Ouj I Il dOcS uOl C8QIlu8lc VIS-8-
VIS / ' urtpoar / ' un. h8l IS S0I8j uulIuc Iu U8l QIOlcSl 8g8IuSl SOCIclj h8S
DcCOmc SOCI8j cVIdcul. hc C8Icuj ChOScu WOIdS, OI IuSl8uCc, O 8 8IDcj
d PuIcVIj h8Vc SIuCc ducd lO 8u Od-8ShIOucd u81Vcl h8Idj DcHllIug 8uj M-
lIDCI8 Q8I8dISc, PdOuS MuXcj W8S 8Ic8dj SlIuCK Dj lhc cmcIgIug COmIC8ucSS
O b8l8uISm. hc cVI lh8l DOlh 8udc8IIc 8ud IclZSChc Ouud lO Dc 8CKIug
Iu lhc IDcI8ISlIC uIuclcculh CculuIj, W8S OI lhcm uOlhIug mOIc lh8u lhc m8SK
O dIIVcS uO OugcI SuD]cCl lO NIClOII8u IcQIcSSIOu. PS 8 QIOduCl O Uc IcQIcSScd
dIIVcS O lhc lWculIclh CculuIj, cVI DIOKc lhIOugh lhc CIVIIZ8lOIj huIdcS WIlh
8 DcSlI8Ilj COmQ8Icd lO WhICh 8udc8IIcS OulI8gcOuS D8SQhcmIcS lOOK Ou 8
h8ImcSSucSS lh8l COuU8SlS gIOlcSQucj WIlh lhcII Q8lhOS. LcSQIlc hIS QIccmI-
ucuCc, 8udc8IIc QIcS8gcd 1aendsti/.lS Ic W8S lhc Dc8ulIDC8lIOu O Ic WIlh-
Z8 | 5OLLJ
OulIlS U8uSODu8lIOu, Dc8ulj IlSclhcIcDj DcC8mc V8CuOuS 8u0,IKc 8 8DSU8Cl
ucg8lIOu,8OWc0 IlSclO Dc IulcgI8lc0IulO Wh8l Ilucg8lc0.hcQh8ul8Sm8gOII8
O 8u8cSlhclICWOI0uu0ISluIDc0Dj QuQOScS O8ujKIu0DcC8mc8u 8IDIOIlhc
SuD8cSlhclIC WOI0.
1lC8uDc S8I0lh8lQhIOSOQhj,8u0 lhcOIclIC8 lhOughl 8S 8WhOc, SucIS IOm 8u
I0c8ISl QIc]u0ICc IuSO8I 8S Il 0ISQOScS SOcj OVcICOuCcQlS, Ouj lhIOugh lhcm
0OcS Il lIc8l Wh8l lhcj 8Ic COuCcHc0 WIlh, WhICh Il IlSc ucVcI h8S. 1lS 8DOI O
bISjQhuS IS lh8l Il muSl IcHcCl lhc uulIulh 8u0 guIllh8l Ill8KcS Ou IlSc, lhcIcDj
COIIcClIug Il Whcu QOSSIDc. 1l C8uuOl Q8Slc IlS OulIC SuDSlI8lum IulO lhc lcXl, Dj
SQc8KIug OIl,QhIOSOQhj 8Ic80j m8KcS IlIulO Wh8l IlW8ulS lO Icc IlSc IOm.
NO0cD8Ilh8SIcgISlcIc00ISS8lIS8ClIOuWIlhlhIScVcISIuCcIC8SSO0ISIuQlc0hIS
QICluIcS WIlh SCI8QS O ucWSQ8QcI, 8u 8Cl HOm WhICh 8 mOul8gc 0cDVcS. hc
SOCI8 ccmcul IS 8cSlhclIC8j 0Ouc]uSlICc Iu lh8lIl IS uOl ImIl8lc0, WhICh WOu0
ccClIVcj m8Kc IlhlOI8Il,Dul IS,I8lhcI,Iu]cClc0 IulO 8IlDj 8u 8Cl OS8DOl8gc.
P IlSccXQO0cSlhc0cCcQlIOuOIlSQuIc Imm8ucuCc,]uSl8SlhccmQIIIC8IuIuS
0IVcSlc0 OlhcII OWu COulcXl 8CCOmmO08lc lhcmScVcS lOlhc Imm8ucul QIIuCI-
QcS OCOuSlIuClIOu. j COuSQICuOuSj 8u0 WIHj Cc0Iug lO CIu0cm8lcII8 ,8Il
W8ulS lO uu0O lhc 08m8gc lh8l SQIIIl~lhOughl 8S Wc 8S 8Ilh8S 0Ouc lO IlS
OlhcI,lO WhICh Il IccIS 8u0 WDICh Il W8ulS lO m8Kc cOQucul. hIS ISlhc 0clcI-
mIu8Dc mc8uIug Olhcmc8uIugcSSIulculIOu-8IcuccmculOmO0cD 8Il,WhICh
cXlcu0S IOm lhc hjDII0IZ8UOu Olhc 8IlSlO lhc huppenins. ' 1lIS uOl SO muCh
lh8l U80IlIOu8 8 IS lhcIcDj S8uClImOuIOuSj COu0cmuc0 Dj 8u 8IIIVISlc ]u0g-
mcul Dul lh8l,I8lhcI,lhc cOIl ISm80c lO 8DSOIDcVcu lhcucg8lIOu O8IlDj IlS
OWu OICc.h8lIS uOOugcISOCI8jQOSSIDc Iu lI80IlIOu8 8Il 0OS uOlOu lh8l
8CCOuul SuIIcu0cI 8 Uulh.uSlc80 Il SIuKS lO 8hISlOIIC8,gcOOgIC8 SlI8lum lh8l
IS uO OugcI8CCcSSIDc lO IVIug COuSCIOuSucSS cXCcQl lhIOugh ucg8lIOu Dul WIlh-
Oul WhICh uO 8Il WOu0 cXISl. 8 SlI8lum Omulc IccIcuCc lO Wh8l IS Dc8ulIu,
WIlhOul8lh8lSlIICl 80ISlIuClIOu DclWccu u8luIc8u0WOIK.hISccmcul IS COu-
lI8Ij lO lhc 0ISIulcgI8lIVc ccmcul IulO WhICh Uc lIulh O8Il h8S Ch8ugc0, jcl Il
SuIVIVcS DcC8uSc lhc ODuIug OICc IlIcCOguIcS lhc VIOcuCc Olh8l Dj WhICh
Il mc8SuIcS IlSc. 1l IS lhIOugh lhIS I0c8 lh8l 8Il IS Ic8lc0 lO Qc8Cc.IlhOulQcI-
SQcClIVc Ou Qc8Cc, 8Il WOu0 Dc 8S uul1uc 8S Whcu Il 8ulICIQ8lcS IcCOuCII8lIOu.
c8ulj Iu8IlISlhc ScmD8uCc Olhc Uuj Qc8Ccu. 1l IS lhIS lOW8I0 WhICh cVcu
lhc IcQIcSSIVc VIOcuCc O ODu lcu0S Iu IlS uuIDC8lIOu O hOSlIc 8u0 0IVcIgcul
ccmculS.
1lIS8SclO8HIVc 8l8cSlhclICIc8ISmIOmUcQIcmIScOQhIOSOQhIC8m8lcII8-
ISm. LcIl8Iuj, 8Il, 8 ODH O KuOWc0gc, ImQIcS KuOWc0gc O Ic8Ilj, 8u0
lhcIcISuOIc8Iljlh8lISuOlSOCI8.huSlhCOulcul8u0 SOCI8 COulcul8Icmc0I-
8lc0,8lhOugh 8IlSlIulhCOulcul lI8uSCcu0S lhcKuOWc0gc OIc8Ilj 8S Wh8lcX-
ISlS.P DcCOmcSSOCI8KuOWc0gcDjgI8SQIuglhccSScuCc,uOlDjcu0cSSjl8K-
Iug 8DOul Il, IuSU8lIug Il, OI SOmchOW ImIl8lIug Il. hIOugh IlS OWu hguI8lIOu,
8Il DIIugS lhccSScuCc IulO 8QQc8I8uCc Iu OQQOSIlIOu lO IlS OWu ScmD8uCc. hc
SOCIETY | 25
cQI8lcmOlO_IC8l CIIlIQuc O ICc8lI8m, WhICh 8cCuIc8 OI lhc OD]cCl 8B clcmcBl O
QIIm8Cj, C8BBOl 8ImQlj Dc lI8B8QO8cC lO 8Il. LD]cCl IB 8Il 8BC OD]cCl IB cmQIIIC8l
Ic8lIlj 8Ic cBlIIclj CI8lIBCl. 1B m lhc OD]cCl I8 lhc WOIK QIOCuCcC Dj 8D, 88 muCh
COBl8IBIB_ clcmcBl8 O cmQIIIC8l Ic8lIlj 88 CI8Ql8CIB_, CI88OlVIB_, 8BC IcCOB8UuCl-
IB_ lhcm 8CCOICIB_ lO lhc WOIK 8 OWB l8W. LBlj lhIOu_h 8uCh lI8B8OIm8lIOB, 8BC
BOl lhIOu_h 8B cVcI 8l8IjIB_ QhOlO_I8Qhj, COc8 8Il _IVc cmQIIIC8l Ic8lIlj Il8 Cuc,
lhc cQIQh8Bj O Il8 8hIOuCcC c88cBCc 8BC lhc mcIIlcC 8huCCcI IB lhc 8Cc O Il 88 IB
lhc 8Cc O 8 mOB8lIO8Ilj. hc QIIm8Cj O lhc OD]cCl I8 8ImcC 8c8lhclIC8llj OBlj
IB lhc Ch8I8ClcI O 8D 88 lhc uBCOB8CIOu8 WIIlIB_ O hI8lOIj, 88 8B8mBc8I8 O lhc
V8BQuI8hcC, O lhc IcQIc88cC, 8BC QcIh8Q8 O Wh8l I8 QO88IDlc. hc QIIm8Cj O lhc
OD]cCl, 88 lhc QOlcBlI8l IccCOm HOm COmIB8lIOB O Wh8l I8, m8BIc8l8 Il8cl IB 8Il
88 Il8 IccCOm HOm OD]cCl8. 8Il mu8l _I88Q Il8 COBlcBl [Cehu/t] IB Il8 OUcI, lhI8
OlhcI I8 BOl lO Dc ImQulcC lO Il Dul 8ll8 lO Il 8Olclj IB Il8 OWB Imm8BcBl BcXu8. P
Bc_8lc8 lhc Bc_8lIVIlj IB lhc QIIm8Cj O lhc OD]cCl, Bc_8lc8 Wh8l I8 hclcIOBOmOu8
8BC uBIcCOBCIlcC IB Il, WhICh 8Il 8llOW8 lO cmcI_c cVcB lhIOu_h lhc 8cmDl8BCc O
lhc IcCOBCIlI8lIOB O Il8 WOIK8.
Pl DI8l _l8BCc OBc m_umcBl O CI8lcClIC8l m8lcII8lI8m Dc8I8 QcI8u88IVc OICc.
hc 8l8BCQOIBl O I8CIC8l mOCcHI8m, Il I8 ClmmcC, I8 lh8l O 8OlIQ8I8m, lh8l O 8
mOB8C lh8l OD8lIB8lclj D8IIIC8Cc8 Il8cl 8_8IB8l IBlcI8uD]cClIVIlj, lhc IcIDcC CIVI-
8IOB O l8DOI h88 IuB 8mOK. hI8 CcIICc8 lhc hum8Ilj lh8l 8W8Il8 Ic8lIZ8lIOB.
MOWcVcI, lhI8 8OlIQ8I8mlhc 8I_umcBl COBlIBuc8I8 Illu8OIj, 88 m8lcII8lI8lIC
CIIlICI8m 8BC lOB_ DcOIc lh8l _Ic8l QhIlO8OQhj h8Vc CcmOB8U8lcC, Il I8 lhc Cclu-
8IOB O lhc ImmcCI8Cj O lhc OI-Il8cl lh8l ICcOlO_IC8llj IcH8c8 lO 8CmIl Il8 OWB
mcCI8lIOB8. 1l I8 lIuc lh8l lhcOIj, lhIOu_h IB8I_hl IBlO uBIVcI88l 8OCI8 mcCI8lIOB,
h88 COBCcQlu8llj 8uIQ888cC 8OlIQ8I8m. ul 8Il, mImc8I8 CIVcB lO lhc QOIBl O 8cl-
COB8CIOu8Bc88, I8 BcVcIlhclc88 DOuBC uQ WIlh cclIB_, WIlh lhc ImmcCI8Cj O
cxQtIcnCc, OlhctWI8c Il WOud Dc IndI8lInguI8h8Dc DOm 8CIcnCc, 8l Dc8l In-
8l8llmcBl Ql8B OB Il8 Ic8ull8 8BC u8u8llj BO mOIc lh8B 8OCI8l IcQOIlIB_. LOllcClIVc
mOCc8 O QIOCuClIOB Dj 8m8ll _IOuQ8 8Ic 8lIc8Cj COBCcIV8Dlc, 8BC IB 8Omc mcCI8
cVcB IcQuI8Ilc, mOB8C8 8Ic lhc lOCu8 O cXQcIIcBCc IB 8ll cXI8lIB_ 8OCIclIc8. c-
C8u8c IBCIVICu8lIOB, 8lOB_ WIlh lhc 8ucIIB_ lh8l Il IBVOlVc8, I8 8 8OCI8l l8W , 8OCI-
clj C8B OBlj Dc cXQcIIcBCcC IBCIVICu8lj. hc 8uD8lIuClIOB O 8B ImmcCI8lclj COl-
lcClIVc 8uD]cCl WOulC Dc CuQlICIlOu8 8BC WOulC COBCcmB lhc 8IlWOIK lO uBlIulh
DcC8u8c Il WOulC WIlhCI8W lhc 8IB_lc QO88IDIlIlj O cXQcIIcBCc lh8l I8 OQcB lO Il
lOC8j. 1 OB lhc D88I8 O lhcOIclIC8l IB8I_hl 8Il OIIcBl8 Il8cl COIIcClIVclj, 8CCOICIB_
lO Il8 OWB mcCI8lcCBc88, 8BC 8ccK8 lO c8C8Qc HOm lhc mOB8CIC Ch8I8ClcI lh8l Il
h88 IcCO_BIZcC 88 8OCI8l 8cmDl8BCc, hI8lOIIC8 lIulh Icm8IB8 cXlcH8l lO Il 8BC
DcCOmc8 uBlI0lh. hc 8DWOIK hclcIOBOmOu8lj 88CIIHCc8 Il8 Imm8BcBl CclcImIB8-
lIOB. PCCOICIB_ lO CIIlIC8 lhcOIj, mcIc COB8CIOu8Bc88 O 8OCIclj COc8 BOl IB 8Bj
Ic8l 8cB8c lc8C DcjOBC lhc 8OCI8llj ImQO8cC OD]cClIVc 8UuCluIc, 8Bj DOIc lh8B lhc
8IlWOIK CD8, WhICh IB lcIm8 O Il8 OWB CclcImIB8lIOB8 I8 Il8cl 8 Q8Il O 8OCI8l
Ic8lIlj. hc C8Q8CIlj lh8l CI8lcClIC8 m8lcII8lI8B 8BlIm8lcII8lI8lIC8llj 88CIIDc8 lO
2 L SOClET
8R0 0cm8R0S O lhc 8IlWOIK IS 8ChIcVc0 Dj lh8l MlWOIK, I 8l 8, Whcu Iu IlS OD-
]cClIVcj ImQOSc0 mOu80OOgIC8j COSc0 SlIuCl0Ic Il Q0ShcS IlS SIl08lIOu SO 8I
lh8l Il DcCOmcS lhc CIIlIQ0c O lhIS SIl08lIOu. hc U0c lhIcShO0 DclWccu 8Il 8u0
OlhcI KuOWc0gc m8j Dc lh8l lhc 8llcI IS 8Dc lO lhIuK DcjOu0 IlSc WIlhO0l 8D0I
C8lIug, WhcIc8S Ml QIO0CcS uOlhIug V8I0 lh8l Il 0OS uOl D O0l Ou lhc D8SIS
O lhc hISlOIIC8 Sl8u0QOIul 8l WhICh Il Du0S IlSc. hc IuucIV8lIOu O Wh8l IS hIS-
lOIIC8j QOSSIDc OI Il IS cSSculI8 lO lhc 8IlISlIC OIm O H8ClIOu. u 8Il, S0DSl8u-
lI8Ilj mc8uS ]0Sl lhIS. OI lhc S8Kc O 8 hIghcI SOCI8 Hlh 8Il W8ulS mOIc lh8u
lhc cXQcIIcuCc lh8l IS 8CCcSSIDc lO Il 8u0 lh8l Il C8R OIm, lh8l cXQcIIcuCc DcCOmcS
cSS, 8u0 lhc OD]cClIVc lIulh lh8l Il QOSIlS 8S IlS mc8S0Ic CO8QScS 8S 8 DClIOu lh8l
Q8lChcS OVcI lhc DSS0Ic DclWccu S0D]cCl 8u0 OD]cCl. hcj 8Ic SO 8Scj IcCOuCIc0
Dj 8 lI0mQc0-0Q Ic8ISm lh8l lhc mOSl 0lOQI8u Qh8ul8SIcS O 8 Hl0Ic 8Il WO00 Dc
0u8Dc lO COuCcIVc O Ouc lh8l WO00 OuCc 8g8Iu Dc Ic8ISlIC WIlhO0l 8Iug D8CK
IulO 0uIcc0Om. AQOSScSScS IlS OlhcI Imm8uculj DcC80Sc, IKc lhc S0D]cCl, Im-
m8ucuCc IS SOI8j mc0I8lc0 Iu IlSc. l m0Sl m8Kc IlS 8lcul SOCI8 COulcul cO-
Q0cul. l m0Sl gO WIlhIu Iu OI0cI lO gO DcjOu0 IlSc. 1l C8IIIcS O0l lhc CIIlIQ0c O
SOIQSISm lhIO0gh lhc OICc O cXlcH8IZ8lIOu Iu IlS OWu lcChuIQ0c 8S lhc lcCh-
uIQ0c O OD]cClIV8lIOu. j VIIl0c O IlS OIm, 8Il U8uSCcu0S lhc ImQOVcIIShc0, cu-
U8QQc0 S0D]cCl, Wh8l W8ulS WIHj lO 0IOWu O0l IlS cuU8Qmcul DcCOmcS Iu8R-
lIc 8u0 m8KcS O0l O IlS hclcIOuOmj 8 SOCI8-clhIC8 8CCOmQIShmcul. l m8j Dc
OD]cClc0 hcIc lh8l lhc V8IIO0S QOQcS 0cmOI8CIcS 8Ic SlI 8Rl8gOuISlIC 8u0 lh8l
lhcj lhcIcOIc QIcC00c 8uj D0l 8u 8Icu8lc0 Sl8u0QOIul, jcl Il IS lO Dc hOQc0 lh8l
8u 8Cl08I2c0 h0m8uISm WO00 Dc DcSSc0j Icc O lhc ucc0 OI mO0cH 8 8u0
WO00 OuCc 8g8Iu Dc COulcul WIU U80IlIOu8 8Il. hIS COuCcSSIOu8 8Ig0mcul,
hOWcVcI, IS 8Cl08j uOl 8 lh8l 0ISlIuCl HOm lhc 0OCUuc O OVcICOmIug Iu0IVI0-
08ISm. O Q0l Il D0ulj, Il IS D8Sc0 Ou lhc QhIISlIuc CIChc lh8l mO0cH 8Il IS 8S
0gj 8S lhc WOI0 Iu WhICh Il OIIgIu8lcS, lh8l lhc WOI0 0cScIVcS Il 8u0 uOlhIug cSc
WO00 Dc QOSSIDc, jcl S0Icj Il C8uuOl gO Ou IKc lhIS OIcVcI. u lIulh, lhcIc IS
uOlhIug lO OVcICOmc, lhc WOI0 IlSc IS imex/u/si.hcIc IS uO 0cujIug lh8l lhc
ul8gOuISlIC SIl08lIOu, Wh8l lhc jO0ug NM C8c0 8Icu8lIOu 8u0 Sc-8Icu8lIOu,
W8S uOl lhc Wc8KcSl 8gcuCj Iu lhc COuSlIl0lIOu O mO0cH 8Il. 0l mO0cH 8Il W8S
CcIl8Iuj uO COQj, uOl lhc IcQIO00ClIOu O lh8l SIl08lIOu. u 0cuO0uCIug Il, U8uS-
QOSIug Il IulO Uc Im8gc, lhIS SIl08lIOu DcC8mc IlS OlhcI 8u0 8S Icc 8S lhc SIl08lIOu
0cuIcS lhc IVIug lO Dc. lO08j 8Il h8S DcCOmc lhc I0cOOgIC8 COmQcmcul O 8
WOI0 uOl 8l Qc8Cc, Il IS QOSSIDc lh8l lhc Il O lhc Q8Sl WI SOmc08j 0cVOVc 0QOu
SOCIclj 8l Qc8Cc, Il WO00, hOWcVcI, 8mO0ul lO lhc S8CIIDCc O IlS Hcc0Om WcIc
ucW 8Il lO Hl0D lO Qc8Cc 8u0 OI0cI, lO 8DIm8lIVc IcQIC8lIOu 8R0 h8ImOuj. OI
IS Il QOSSIDc lO SKclCh lhc OIm O 8Il Iu 8 Ch8ugc0 SOCIclj. 1u COmQ8IISOu WIlh
Q8Sl 8Il 8u0 lhc 8Il O Uc QIcScul Il WI QIOD8Dj 8g8Iu Dc SOmclhIug cSc, D0l Il
WO00 Dc QIccI8Dc lh8l SOmc Duc 08j 8Il V8uISh 8lOgclhcI lh8u lh8l Il OIgcl lhc
S0cIIug U8l IS IlS cXQIcSSIOu 80 Iu WhICh OIm h8S IlS S0DSl8uCc. hIS S0cIIug
IS lhc h0m8uc COulcul lh8l 0uIcc0Om CO0ulcIcIlS 8S QOSIlIVIlj. 1 Iu uDmcul O
5OLLJY | Zl
lhc WISh 8uluIc 8WcIcOuCc 8_8Iu lO DcCOmcQOSIlIVc,lhcu lhc SuSQICIOu lh8l
uc_8lIVIlj WcIc Iu 8Clu8Ilj QcISISlIu_ WOuCDcCOmc 8Culc, lhIS SuSQICIOu IScVcI
QIcScul, Ic_IcSSIOu lhIc8lcuS uuIcmIllIu_j, 8uC IccCOmSuIcj IccCOm IOm
lhc QIIuCIQc OQOSScSSIOuC8uuOlD QOSScSScC.ullhcu Wh8lWOuC 8Dc,8S
lhcWIIlIu_OhISlOIj,IIlShOOKOlhcmcmOIj O8CCumu8lcCSucIIu_.
dIdI
]
ODCHd
PcSlhclICS QIcSculS QhIOSOQhy WIlh lhc DI OI lhc 8Cl lh8l lhc 8C80cmIC SySlcm
0c_I80c0 Il lO DcIu_ 8 mcIc SQcCI8IZ8lIOu. l 0cm8u0S O QhIOSOQhy QIcCIScy
Wh8l QhIOSOQhy h8S uc_cClc0 lO 0O. lh8l Il cXII8Cl QhcuOmcu8 HOm lhcII cXIS-
lcuCc 8u0 DIIu_ lhcm lO Sc-IcHcClIOu, UIS WOu0 Dc lhc IcHcClIOu O Wh8l IS Qcl-
IIDc0 Iu Ihc SCIcuCcS, uOI 8 SQcCI8IZc0 SCIcuCc OC8lc0 DcyOu0 Ucm. PcSIDclICS
lhcIcDy yIc0S lO Wh8l IlS OD]cCl, IXc 8uy OD]cCl, Immc0I8lcy SccXS. tVcIy 8II-
WOIX, I Il IS lO Dc uy cXQcIIcuCc0, IcQuIIcS lhOu_hl 8u0 lhcIcOIc Sl8u0S Iu ucc0
O QhIOSOQhy, WhICh IS uOUIu_ Dul Uc UOu_hl lh8l IcuScS 8 IcSUIClIOuS. 1u0cI-
Sl8u0Iu_ [ \erstehen] 8u0 CIIlICISm 8Ic Ouc, Ihc C8Q8CIly O uu0cISI8u0Iu_, lh8l O
COmQIchcu0Iu_ Wh8l IS uu0cISlOO0 8S SOmclhIu_ SQIIIlu8, IS uOuc OlhcI lh8u lh8l
O 0ISlIu_uIShIu_ Iu lhc OD]cCl Wh8l IS Uuc 8u0 8Sc, hOWcVcI muCh IhIS 0ISlIuC-
lIOu muSl 0cVI8lc IOm lhc QIOCc0uIc O OI0Iu8Iy O_IC. tmQh8lIC8y, 8Il IS XuOW-
c0_c, lhOu_h uOl lhc XuOWc0_c O OD]cClS. Luy hc uu0cISl8u0S 8u 8IIWOIX WhO
_I8SQS Il 8S 8 COmQcX ucXuS O Uulh, WhICh IucVIl8Dy IuVOVcS IlS Ic8lIOu lO uu-
lIulh, IlS OWu 8S Wc 8S lh8l cXlcD8 lO Il, My OlhcI ]u0_mcul O 8IlWOIXS WOu0
Icm8Iu 8IDIlI8Iy. PHWOIXS lhuS 0cm8u0 8u 80cQu8lc Ic8lIOu lO lhcmScVcS. hcy
QOSlu8lc Wh8l W8S OuCc lhc 8Im O lhc QhIOSOQhy O 8II, WhICh, Iu IlS QIcScul
OIm, Il uO Ou_cI 8CCOmQIShcS, ucIlhcI VIS-8-VIS COulcmQOI8Iy COuSCIOuSucSS
uOI VIS-8-VIS CuIIcul 8HWOIXS.
hc I0c8 O 8 V8uc-Hcc 8cSlhclICS IS uOuScuSc. O uu0cISI8u0 8IlWOIXS, 8S IcChl,
IuCI0cul8y, Wc XucW, mc8uS lO DcCOmc 8W8Ic O lhcII O_IC8Ily 8u0 IlS OQQO-
SIlc, 8u0 O lhcII DSSuIcS 8u0 lhcII SI_uIDC8uCc. WO Ouc C8u uu0cISl8u0 8_ucIS
22
PAKALPOMENA ' 2J
MeistersinerWhO 8IS lO QcICcIVc lh8l ccmcul 0cuOuuCc0 Dy DIclZSChc O 8 u8I
CISSISlIC8!y Sc-Sl8_Iu_ QOSIlIVIly, lh8l IS, IlS ccmcul O uulIulh. hc 0lIcmQlIOu
O uu0cISl8u0Iu_ 8u0 V8uc IS 8 SCIculIhC IuSlIlulIOu, WIlhOul V8ucS uOlhIu_ IS
uu0cISlOO0 8cSlhclIC8y, 8u0 VICc VcIS8. u 8Jl, mOIc lh8u Iu 8uy OlhcI SQhcIc, Il IS
II_hl lO SQc8X O V8uc. IXc 8 mImc, cVcIy WOIX S8yS. ``m _OO0, uOT, lO WhICh
Wh8l IcSQOu0S IS 8 COmQOIlmcul lh8l XuOWS lO V8uc.
hIc lhc cOIl O 8cSlhclICS lO08y QIcSuQQOScS lhc CIIlIQuc O IlS uuIVcIS8 QIIu-
CIQcS 8u0 uOImS 8 DIu0Iu_, lhIS cOIl IS IlSc ucCcSS8IIy IcSUIClc0 lO lhc mc-
0Ium O uuIVcIS8 lhOu_hl. l IS uOl WIlhIu lhc QuIVIcW O 8cSUclICS lO 8DOISh lhIS
COulI80IClIOu. PcSlhclICS muSl 8CXuOWc0_c lhc COuU80IClIOu 8u0 IcHcCl Il, ODc-
0Icul lO lhc lhcOIclIC8 ucc0 lh8l 8Jl C8lc_OIIC8y Ic_ISlcIS Iu lhc 8_c O IlS IccC-
lIOu. Jc ucCcSSIly, hOWcVcI, O SuCh uuIVcIS8Ily Iu uO W8y c_IlIm8lcS 8 QOSIlIVc
0OClIIuc O 8cSlhclIC IuV8II8ulS. u lhc ODI_8lOIIj uuIVcIS8 0clcImIu8lIOuS, hIS-
lOIIC8 QIOCcSScS h8Vc Sc0Imculc0 Wh8l~lO V8Iy 8u PIISlOlcI8u OIHu8~8Il
W8S. hc uuIVcIS8 0clcImIu8lIOuS O 8Il 8Ic Wh8l 8Il 0cVcOQc0 IulO. hc hISlOII-
C8 SIlu8lIOu O 8Il, WhICh h8S OSl 8uy ScuSc O 8Il S VcIy I8ISOu 0clIc, luDS lO
lhc Q8Sl Iu lhc hOQc O hu0Iu_ lhc COuCcQl O 8Il, WhICh IcUOSQClIVcy 8CQuIIcS 8
SOIl O uuIlj. hIS uuIlj IS uOl 8DSU8Cl Dul IS, I8lhcI, lhc uuO0Iu_ O 8Il 8CCOI0Iu_
lO IlS OWu COuCcQl. Pl cVcIy QOIul, lhcIcOIc, lhc lhcOIy O 8Il QIcSuQQOScS COu-
CIclc 8u8yScS, uOl 8S QIOOS 8u0 cX8mQcS Dul 8S IlS OWu COu0IlIOu. cu]8mIu,
WhO QhI!OSOQhlC8j QOlculI8lc0 lO lhc cXUmc Uc ImHcISlOu Iu COuCIlc 8Il-
WOIXS, W8S hImSc mOlIV8lc0 lOW8I0 8 luD lO uuIVcIS8 IccClIOu Iu hIS lhcOIy O
IcQIO0uClIOu . '
hc IcQuIIcmcul lh8l 8cSlhclICS Dc lhc IcHcClIOu O MlISlIC cXQcIIcuCc WIlhOul
IcIuquIShIu_ IlS IcSOulcy lhcOIclIC8 Ch8I8ClcI C8u DcSl Dc uhc0 Dy IuCOIQO-
I8lIu_ lhc mOVcmcul O lhc COuCcQl IulO lhc U80IlIOu8! C8lc_OIIcS 8u0 COuHOulIu_
lhcm WIlh 8JlISlIC cXQcIIcuCc. Pl lhc S8mc lImc, uO COulIuuum DclWccu lhc QOcS
IS lO Dc COuSlIuc0. hc mc0Ium O lhcOJy IS 8DSU8Cl 8u0 lhIS IS uOl lO Dc m8SXc0
Dy lhc uSc O IuSU8lIVc cX8mQcS. Pu0 ycl, 8 SQ8IX m8y OCC8SIOu8!y H8Sh uQ~
8S Il 0I0 Iu Mc_c S Fhencmenclcyc/SpiritDclWccu lhc COuCIclIOu O SQIIIlu8
cXQcIIcuCc 8u0 lhc mc0Ium O lhc uuIVcIS8 COuCcQl. hIS C8u OCCuI Iu SuCh 8
8ShIOu lh8l lhc COuCIclc IS uOl mcIcy 8u IuSU8lIOu Dul I8lhcI lhc lhIu_ IlSc,
8IOuu0 WhICh 8DSlDCl Ic8SOuIu_ luDS, ycl WIlhOul WhICh lhc u8Hc IS uOl lO Dc
Ouu0. O lhIS cu0, 8cSlhclICS muSl l8Xc IlS OIIcul8lIOu IOm lhc QI0cSS O QIO0uC-
lIOu, WhICh cuCOmQ8SScS lhc OD]cClIVc QIODcmS 8u0 0cSI0cI8l8 QIcSculc0 Dy lhc
QIO0uClS lhcmScVcS. hc QIIm8Cy O lhc SQhcIc O QIO0uClIOu Iu 8IlWOIXS IS lhc
QIIm8Cy O lhcII u8luIc 8S QIO0uClS O SOCI8 8DOI, Dj COulI8Sl WIlh lhc COulIu-
_cuCy O lhcII SuD]cClIVc OII_IuS. hc Ic8lIOu lO lhc lI80IlIOu8 C8lc_OIIcS, hOW-
cVcI, IS uu8VOI08Dc DcC8uSc Ouy lhc IcHcClIOu O lhcSc C8lc_OIIcS m8XcS Il QOSSI-
Dc lO OQcu lhcOIy lO 8IlISlIC cXQcIIcuCc. u lhc U8uSOIm8lIOu O lhc C8lc_OIIcS,
2 ' PAKPOMENA
WhICh SuCh IcHcClIOB cXQIcSScS 8B0 ccClS, hISlOIIC8 cXQcIIcBCc QcBcII8lcS
lhcOIy. hIOugh lhc hISlOIIC8l 0I8lcClIC, WhICh lhOughl lIDcI8lcS IB lhc lI80IlIOB8l
C8lcgOIIcS, lhcSc C8lcgOIIcS lOSc lhcII SQuIIOuS 8DSU8ClBcSS WIlhOul S8CIIDCIBg lhc
uBIVcIS8 lh8l IBhcIcS IB lhOughl. PcSlhclICS 8ImS 8l COBCIclc uBIVcIS8lIly. hc
mOSl IBgcBIOuS 8B8lyScS O IB0IVI0u8l WOIKS 8Ic BOl BcCcSS8IIly 8cSlhclICS, lhIS IS
lhcII IB80cgu8Cy 8S Wcll 8S lhcII SuQcIIOIIly OVcI Wh8l IS C8lc0 lhc SCIcBCc O 8Il.
cCOuISc lO lhc U80IlIOB8l C8lcgOIIcS IS lcgIlIm8lc0 Dy 8Clu8l 8IlISlIC cXQcIIcBCc,
OI lhcSc C8lcgOIIcS 0O BOl SImQly V8BISh IOm COBlcmQOIMy WOIKS Dul IcluD
IB lhcII Bcg8lIOB. LXQcIIcBCc CulmIB8lcS IB 8cSlhclICS. l m8KcS COhcIcBl 8B0
COBSCIOuS Wh8l lI8BSQIIcS IB 8IlWOIKS ODSCuIcy 8B0 uBcluCI08lc0, 8B0 Wh8l IB-
SuHCIcBlly U8BSQIIcS IB lhc Q8IlICu8I 8IlWOIK. B lhIS Icg8I0, cVcB 8 BOBI0c8lISlIC
8cSlhclICS IS COBCcDc0 WIlh `I0c8S.
hc gu8Il8lIVc 0IcIcBCc DclWccB 8Il 8B0 SCIcBCc 0OS BOl SImQly COBSISl IB
uSIBg lhc l8llcI 8S 8B IBSIIumcBl OI KBOWIBg lhc OImcI. hc C8lcgOIIcS cmQlOyc0
Dy SCIcBCc Sl8B0 IB SO ODluSc 8 Icl8lIOB lO Ihc IBBcI-8HISlIC C8lcgOIIcS lh8l IhcII
0IIcCl QIO]cClIOB OBlO lhc cXlI8-8cSlhclIC C8lcgOIIcS IBcVIl8Dy WIQcS Oul Wh8l lhc
IBVcSlIg8lIOB W8S SuQQOSc0 lO cXQl8IB. hc gIOWIBg IclcV8BCc O lcChBOlOgy IB
8IlWOIKS muSl BOl DcCOmc 8 mOlIVc OI SuDOI0IB8lIBg lhcm lO Ih8l lyQc O Ic8SOB
lh8l QIO0uCc0 lcChBOlOgy 8B0 HB0S IlS COBlIBu8lIOB IB Il.
h8l SuIVIVcS O lhc Cl8SSIC8l IS lhc I0c8 O 8IlWOIKS 8 SOmcIhIBg OD]cClIVc,
mc0I8lc0 Dy SuD]cClIVIly. LlhcIWISc 8Il WOul0 IB 8Cl Dc 8B 8IDIlI8Iy, IBSIgBIHC8Bl,
8nd QCth8Q8 hI8lOtIC8y Ould8lCd 8mu8CmCnl. 1l WOud DC tCduCCd lO lhC CVc O!
8B cIS8lZ QIO0uCc0 Dy 8 SOCIcly WhOSc cBcIgy IS BO OBgcI COBSumc0 Dy lhc 8CguI-
SIlIOB O mc8BS O SuDSISlcBCc 8B0 IB WhICh, BcVcIlhccSS, 0IIcCl IBSlIBClu8l S8lIS-
8ClIOB IS lImIlc0. P OQQOScS lhIS 8S lhc lcB8CIOuS QIOlcSl 8g8IBSl 8 QOSIlIVISm
Ih8l WOul0 QIccI lO SuDOI0IB8lc Il lO 8 uBIVcIS8l hclcIOBOmy. DOl lh8l 8Il, 0I8WB
IBlO lhc SOCI8l WcD O 0cluSIOB, COul0 BOl 8Clu8lly Dc Wh8l Il OQQOScS. Xcl IlS cXIS-
lcBCc IS IBCOmQ8lIDlc WIlh lhc OICcS lh8l W8Bl lO humDlc 8B0 SuDSumc Il. h8l
SQc8KS Oul O ImQOII8Bl 8IlWOIKS IS OQQOSc0 lO SuD]cClIVc Ic8SOBS Cl8Im lO lOl8l-
Ily. lS uBUulh DcCOmcS m8BIcSl IB lhc OD]cClIVIly O 8IlWOIKS. Lul OOSc IOm IlS
Imm8BcBl Cl8Im lO OD]cClIVIly, 8Il WOul0 Dc BOIhIBg Dul 8 mOIc OI lcSS OIg8BIZc0
SySlcm O SlImulICOB0IlIOBIBg IccXcS lh8l 8Il WOul0 8ulISlIC8ly 8B0 0Ogm8lI-
C8lly 8llIIDulc lO lh8l SySlcm I8lhcI lh8B lO lhOSc OB WhICh Il h8S 8B ccCl. hc Ic-
Sull WOul0 Dlhc Bcg8lIOB O Ihc 0IcIcBCc DclWccB 8IlWOIKS 8B0 mcIcy ScBSu8
gu8IlIcS, Il WOul0 Dc 8B cmQIIIC8l cBlIIy, BOlhIBg mOIc lh8IB PmcIIC8B MgOl
8 buttejc/tests, 8B0 lhc 80cgu8lc mc8BS OI gIVIBg 8B 8CCOuBl O 8H WOul0 D
QIOgI8m 8B8ySIS OI SuIVcyS O 8VcI8gc gIOuQ Ic8ClIOBS lO 8IlWOIKS OI gcBIcS~
cXCcQl lh8l, QcIh8QS Oul O IcSQcCl OI IcCOgBIZc0 DI8BChcS O CulluIc, QOSIlIVISm
SccmS Scl0Om lO gO lO lhc cXlIcmcS lOgIC8ly ImQlIc0 Dy IlS OWB mclhO0. , 8S 8
lhcOIy O KBOWc0gc, Il COBlcSlS 8ll OD]cClIVc mc8BIBg 8B0 Cl8SScS 8S 8II cVcIy
PAKPOMNA L 25
lhOughl lh8l IS IDc0uCIDc lO QIOlOCO SculcuCcS, Il umn8lhOugh WIlhOul 80-
mIllIug Il~ucg8lcS Ml, WhICh Il l8KcS uO mOIc ScIIOuSj lh8u 0OS lhc lIIc0 DuSI-
ucSSm8u WhO uScS Il 8S 8 m8SS8gc, I Ml COIDSQOu0c0 WIlh QOSIlIVISlIC CIIlcII8,
QOSIlIVISm WOu0 Dc 8IlS 08uSCcu0cul8 SuD]cCl. hc COuCcQl O 8Il lOW8I0 WhICh
QOSIlIVISm lcu0S COuVcIgcS WIlh lh8l O lhc CuluIc Iu0uSUj, WhICh Iu0cc0 ODuu-
8lcS IlS QIO0uClS 8S lhOSc O 8 SjSlcm O SUmuI, WhICh IS Wh8l lhc SuD]cClIVc Uc-
OIj O QIO]cClIOu COuSI0cIS 8Il lO Dc. McgcS 8Igumcul 8g8IuSl 8 SuD]cClIVc 8cS-
lhclICS D8Sc0 Ou lhc ScuSIDIIlj O IcCIQIculS lOOK ISSuc WIlh IlS 8IDIU8IIucSS. ul
lhIS W8S uOl lhc cu0 O Il. hc CuluIc Iu0uS0j, uSIug Sl8lISlIC8 8VcI8gcS, C8Cu-
8lcS lhc SuD]cClIVc ccmcul O Ic8ClIOu 8u0 cSl8DIShcS Il 8S uuIVcIS8 8W . 1l h8S
DcCOmc OD]cClIVc SQIIIl. JIS hOWcVcI Iu uO W8j Wc8KcuS McgcS CDlIQuc. OI
lhc uuIVcIS8Ilj O COulcmQOIM Sljc IS lhc ucg8lIVc Immc0I8Cj, lhc IQuI08lIOu
O cVcQ C8Im lO 0lh I8ISc0 Dj lhc WOIK 8S Wc 8S Ihc QDD8ucul 0cCcQlIOu O
Uc IcCIQIculS Dj lhc ImQICIl 8SSuI8uCc lh8l Il IS OI lhcII OWu gOO0 lh8l Uc mOucj
WIlh WhICh lhcj 8Ic DIShc0 Dj COuCculI8R0 cCOuOmIC QOWcI IS OuCc 8g8Iu
l8Kcu 8W8j Om lhcm. hIS 8 lhc mOD 0IIcClS 8cSlhclICS~8u0 SOCIOOgj 8S
Wc, IuSO8I 8S Il QIODHS 8 SuDSI0I8Ij uClIOu OI SuD]cClIVc 8cSlhclICS 8S 8
SOCIOOgj O Qul8lIVc COmmuuIC8lIOu~lO lhc OD]cClIVIlj O lhc 8IlWOIK. 1u lhcII
8Clu8 IcSc8ICh, QOSIlIVISlIC8j mIu0c0 SCIculISlS WOIKIug, OI IuSl8uCc, WIlh Uc
Marruy 1est, OQQOSc 8uj 8u8jSIS O Uc OD]cClIVc cXQIcSSIVc COulcul O lhc lcSl
Im8gcS, WhICh lhcj COuSI0cI cXCcSSIVcj 0cQcu0cul Ou lhc ODScIVcI M0 lhuS SCI-
culIBC8j uu8CCcQl8Dc, ulIm8lcj lhcj WOu0 ucc0 lO QIOCcc0 Iu lhIS m8uucI
WIlh 8IlWOIKS lh8l 8Ic uOl, 8S Iu U8l lcSl, 8Imc0 8l lhcII IcCIQIculS Dul I8lhcI COu-
IOul lhOSc IcCIQIculS WIlh lhcIIlhc 8IlWOIKS OD]cClIVIlj. PS WIlh 8uj 8QOO-
gclIC OI 8II, QOSIlIVISm WOu0 h8Vc 8u c8Sj lImc WIlh lhc D8Ic 8SScVcI8UOu lh8l
8IlWOIKS uO Sum O SlImuI, 0ISmISSIug mWOIKS 8S I8lIOu8IZ8lIOu 8u0 QtO-
]cClIOu, gOO0 OI WIuuIug SOCI8 Sl8luS, mO0cc0 Ou lhc Ic8lIOu lh8l mIIOuS O
CuluI8 QhIISlIucS h8Vc lO 8Il. LI, mOIc I80IC8j, QOSIlIVISm COu0 0ISQu8Ij lhc
OD]cClIVIlj O 8Il 8S 8 VcSlIgc O 8uImISm lh8l, IKc 8uj OlhcI VcSlIgc, IS ODIgc0 lO
gIVc W8j lO cuIghlcumcul. OcVcI IcuScS lO Dc SWIu0c0 Oul O lhc cXQcIIcuCc
O OD]cClIVIlj OI IcuScS lO Cc0c 8ulhOIIlj OVcI 8Il lO lhc 8Il-8Icu muSl QIOCcc0
Imm8uculj, muSl ]OIu WIlh SuD]cClIVc ODDS O Ic8ClIOu, O WhICh 8II 8u0 IlS COu
lcul 8Ic~Iu QOSIlIVISl humM uu0cISl8u0IugmcIc IcHcClIOuS. h8l IS 0c Iu
QOSIlIVISm IS lhc Q8lIlu0c lh8l WIlhOul lhc cXQcIIcuCc O 8H uOlhIug C8u Dc KDOWu
8DOul Il 8u0 lhcIc C8u Dc uO 0ISCuSSIOu O Il. ul QIcCIScj lhIS cXQcIIcuCc COul8IuS
lhc 0ISlIuCUOu lh8l QOSIlIVISm IguOIcS. O Qul Il 0I8SlIC8j, UIS IS WhclhcI Ouc uScS
8 hIl SOug, Iu WhICh lhcIc IS uOlhIug lO uu0cISlM0, 8S 8 D8CK0IOQ OI 8 KIu0S O
QSjChOOgIC8 QIO]cClIOuS, OI WhclhcI Ouc uu0cISI8u0S 8 WOIK Dj SuDmIllIug lO lhc
WOIKS OWu 0ISCIQIuc. h8l QhIOSOQhIC8 8cSlhclICS hc0 lO Dc IDcI8lIug Iu 8II~
Iu QhIOSOQhIC8 8IgOl, Wh8l lI8uSCcu0c0 lImc 8u0 SQ8CcW8S lhc Sc-ucg8UOu
O lhc COulcmQ8lOI WhO IS VIIIu8j cXlIuguIShc0 Iu lhc WOIK. hIS cXlIuguIShIug
IS cX8Clc0 Dj lhc 8IlWOIKS 8u0 IS lhc imexveriet/ulsi,Ouj hc WhO SuDmIlS lO IlS
2 ' PAKALlPOMNA
OD]cClIVc CIIlcIIOB uB0cISl8B0S Il, hc WhO IS uBCOBCcHc0 8DOul Il IS 8 COBSumcI.
hc SuD]cClIVc ccmcBl IS BcVcIlhccSS m8IBl8IBc0 IB 8B 80cQu8lc Ic8lIOB lO Ml.
hc gIc8lcI lhc cOIl lO Q8IlICIQ8lc IB lhc Ic8IZ8lIOB O lhc WOIK 8B0 IlS SUuCluI8
0jB8mIC, lhc mOIc COBlcmQ8lIOB lhc SuD]cCl IBVcSlS IB lhc WOIK, lhc mOIc SuC-
CcSSuj 0OcS lhc SuD]cCl, OIgcllIBg IlSc, DcCOmc 8W8Ic O lhc WOIKS OD]cClIV-
Ilj, cVcB IB lhc WOIK S IcCcQlIOB, SuD]cClIVIlj mc0I8lcS OD]cClIVIlj. POl ]uSl IB lhc
SuDImc, 8S 8Bl IhOughl, Dul IB 8 Dc8ulj Ihc SuD]cCl DcCOmcS COBSCIOuS O IlS
OWB BuIlj 8B0 8ll8IBS DcjOB0 Il lO Wh8l IS OlhcI. 8BlS 0OClIIBc O lhc SuDImc
8S ShOIl OBj IB lh8l Il cSl8DIShc0 lhc COuBlcIQMl lO lhIS BuIlj 8S 8 QOSIlIVc
IBDBIlj 8B0 SIlu8lcS Il IB lhc IBlcIgIDc SuD]cCl. 8IB IB lhc 8Cc O Dc8ulj IS lhc
OBgIBg OI Wh8l lhc SuD]cClIVc DOCK COScS O lO Ihc SuD]cCl, O WhICh lhc SuD-
]cCl BcVcIIhccSS KBOWS Ih8l Il IS lIucI Ih8B IlSc. LXQcIIcBCc, WhICh WOu0 WIU-
Oul VIOcBCc Dc Icc O Ihc DOCK, IcSulS IOm Ihc SuHcB0cI O lhc SuD]cCl lO lhc
8cSlhclIC 8W O OIm. hc VIcWcI cBlcIS IBlO 8 COBU8Cl WIlh lhc IlWOIK SO U8l Il
WI SQc8K. hOSc WhO DI8g O h8VIBg gOl SOmclhIBg IOm 8B 8IlWOIK U8BScI IB
QhIISlIBc 8ShIOB lhc Ic8lIOB O QOSScSSIOB lO Wh8l IS SUIClj OIcIgB lO Il, Ihcj
cXIcB0 lhc COmQOIImcBl O uBDIOKcB Sc-QIcScIV8lIOB, SuDOI0IB8lIBg Dc8ulj lO
lh8l IBlcIcSl Ih8l Dc8ulj, 8CCOI0IBg lO 8BlS cVcI V8I0 IBSIghl, II8BSCcB0S. h8l
IhcIc WOu0 BcVcIIhccSS Dc BO Dc8ulj WIlhOul lhc SuD]cCl, Ih8l Dc8ulj DcCOmcS
Wh8l IS IB-IlSc OBj Dj W8j O IlS OI-OlhcI, IS lhc 8ul O lhc Sc-QOSIlIBg O lhc
SuD]cCl. cC8uSc lhIS Sc-QOSIlIBg 0ISIuQlc0 Dc8ulj, Il h8S Bcc0 O IlS IcCOcClIOB
Dj lhc SuD]cCl IB lhc Im8gc. hc mc8BChOj O cVcBIBg IS BOl lhc mOO0 O hc WhO
ccS Il, jcl Il gIIQS OBj hIm WhO h8S hImSc DccB SO 0IcIcBlI8lc0, h8S SO muCh
DcCOmc SuD]cCl, U8l hc IS BOl DIB0 lO Il. LBj lhc SlIOBg 8B0 0cVcOQc0 SuD]cCl,
lhc QIO0uCl O 8 COBUO OVcI B8luIc 8B0 IlS IB]uSlICc, h8S lhc QOWcI DOlh lO SlcQ
D8CK IOm lhc OD]cCl 8B0 lO IcVOKc IlS Sc-QOSIlIBg. hc SuD]cCl O 8cSlhclIC SuD-
]cClIVISm, hOWcVcI, IS Wc8K, "caterdirected. "hc OVcIcSlIm8lIOB O lhc SuD]cC-
lIVc ccmcBl IB lhc 8IlWOIK 8B0 lhc 8CK O 8 H8lIOB lO lhc 8IlWOIK 8cQuIV8cBl.
hc SuD]cCl OBj DcCOmcS lhc cSScBCc O lhc 8IIWOIK WhcB Il COBOBlS Il OI-
cIgBj, cXlcD8j, 8B0 COmQcBS8lcS OI lhc OIcIgBBcSS Dj SuDSlIlulIBg IlSc OI
lhc WOIK. L COuISc Ihc OD]cClIVIlj O Ihc IIWOIK IS BOl COmQclcj 8B0 80c-
Qu8lcj OQcB lO KBOWc0gc, 8B0 IB Ihc WOIKS Il IS BcVcI DcjOB0 QucSlIOB, lhc 0I-
cIcBCc DclWccB Wh8l IS 0cm8B0c0 Dj lhc QIODcm QOSc0 Dj lhc WOIKS 8B0 lhc
SOulIOB lO IhIS 0cm8B0 gB8WS 8W8j 8l lhcII OD]cClIVIlj. hIS OD]cClIVIlj IS BOl 8
QOSIIIVc 8Cl Dul I8IhcI 8B I0c8 lOW8I0 WhICh lhc WOIK 8B0 KBOWc0gc O Il IcB0.
PcSlhclIC OD]cClIVIlj IS BOl uBmc0I8lc0, hc WhO lhIBKS hc hO0S Il IB Uc Q8m O
hIS h8B0 IS c0 8SlI8j Dj Il. Il WcIc uBmc0I8lc0 Il WOu0 COIBCI0c WIIh lhc ScBSu-
OuS QhcBOmcB8 O 8Il 8B0 WOu0 SuQQIcSS IlS SQIIIlu8 ccmcBl, WhICh IS, hOWcVcI,
8IDc DOlh OI IlSc 8B0 OI OlhcIS. PcSlhclICS ccClIVcj mc8BS lhc Slu0j O lhc
COB0IlIOBS 8B0 mc0I8lIOBS O lhc OD]cClIVIlj O 8Il. Mcgc S 8IgumcBl8lIOB 8g8IBSl
8Bl S SuD]cClIVISlIC gIOuB0IBg O 8cSlhclICS IS lOO 8CIc. B lh8l lhc OD]cCl IS 8
QIIOII SQIIIl, lhc McgcI8B ImmcISIOB IB lhc OD]cCl OI IB IlS C8lcgOIIcSWhICh IB
PAKAL!POMNA c 27
Mcgc SlI CDIuCI0c WIlh lhc gcuIcSU8uSQIIcS WIlhD0l mcclIug 8uj IcSISl8uCc.
hc CDll8QSc D lhc 8DSDl0lcucSS D SQIIIl DIIugS 0DWu WIlh Il lhc 8DSDl0lcucSS D
MlWDIKS. hIS IS Whj Il IS SD 0IC0ll DI 8cSlhclICS uDl lD C8QIl0l8lc lD QDSIlIVISm
8u0 QcIISh Iu Il. Xcl lhc 0ISmcmDcImcul D lhc mcl8QhjSICS D SQIIIl 0DcS uDl
cXQcl SQIIIl. lS SQIIIl08l clcmcul IS SlIcuglhcuc0 8u0 CDuCIclIZc0 DuCc Il IS IcCDg
uIZc0 lh8l uDl cVcIjlhIug Iu Il m0Sl Dc SQIIIl, WhICh, IuCI0cul8lj, Mcgcl hImScl
0I0 uDl hD0. lhc mcl8QhjSICS D SQIIIl W8S Q8llcDc0 Du 8Il, 8lcI lhc CD8QSc D
mcl8QhjSICS lhc SQIIIl D 8Il IS, SD lD SQc8K, IcSlIl0lc0. hc Iu80cQ08lc S0D]cClIVc-
QDSIlIVISlIC lhcDIcmS D 8Il m0Sl Dc 0cmDuSU8lc0 Iu 8Il IlSc, uDl 0c00Cc0 Dm 8
QhIDSDQhj D SQIIIl. PcSUclIC uDImS lh8l 8Ic S8I0 lD CDIIcSQDu0 lD lhc QcICcIVIug
S0D]cClS IuV8II8ul DImS D Ic8ClIDu 8Ic cmQIIIC8j IuV8lI0, lh0S lhc 8C80cmIC
QSjChDlDgj IS 8Sc lh8l, Iu DQQDSIug ucW m0SIC, QIDQD0u0S lh8l lhc c8I IS 0u8Dc
lD QcICcIVc hIghj CDmQlcX lDu8 QhcuDmcu8 lh8l 0cVI8lc lD I Dm lhc u8l0Im
DVcIlDuc Icl8lIDuS. hcIc IS uD 0ISQ0lIug lh8l lhcIc Ic Iu0IVI008S WhD h8Vc lhIS
C8Q8CIlj 8u0 lhcIc IS uD IcSDu Whj cVcIjDuc ShD0l0 uDl Dc 8Dc lD h8Vc Il, lhc
ImIl8lIDuS 8Ic uDl U8uSCcu0cul8 D0l SDCI8l, lhDSc D ScCDu0 u8l0Ic. 8u cmQIII-
C8lj DIIculc0 8cSlhclICS 0ScS Q08ulIl8lIVc 8VcI8gcS 8S uDImS, Il 0uCDuSCID0Sj
SI0cS WIlh SOCI8 CDuDImIlj. h8l S0Ch 8u 8cSlhclICS C8SSIDcS 8S Qc8SIug DI
Q8Iu0 IS ucVcI 8 ScuS08 gIVcu D u8l0Ic D0l SDmclhIug QIcDImc0 Dj SDCIclj
8S 8 WhDlc, Dj Wh8l Il S8uClIDuS 8u0 CcuSDIS, 8u0 lhIS h8S 8lW8jS Dccu Ch8llcugc0
Dj 8IlISlIC QID00ClIDu. b0D]cClIVc Ic8ClIDuS S0Ch 8S 0ISg0Sl DI lhc S08Vc, 8 mDlIVc
DICc Iu ucW 8Il, 8Ic clcmculS D IcSISl8uCc lD lhc hclcIDuDmD0S SDCI8 DI0cI lh8l
h8Vc mIgI8lc0 IulD lhc ScuSDII0m. u gcucI8l, lhc S0QQDSc0 D8SIS D 8Il IS QIc0I-
C8lc0 Du S0D]cClIVc DImS D Ic8ClIDu 80 CDmQDImculS, cVcu lhc 8QQ8Icul 8CCI
0culS D l8Slc 8Ic gDVcHc0 Dj 8 8lcul CDmQ0SIDu, 8lDcIl uDl 8W8jS lh8l D lhc
m8lcII8 IlSc, 8uj S0D]cClIVc DIm D Ic8ClIDu lh8l IS Iu0IcIcul lD lhc WDIK IS
cXlI8-8cSlhclIC. Pl lhc VcIj c8Sl, hDWcVcI, cVcIj S0D]cClIVc ccmcul Iu 8IlWDIKS
IS 8SD mDlIV8lc0 Dj lhc m8lcII8 IlSc. hc ScuSIDIIlj D lhc MlISl IS cSSculI8j
lhc C8Q8CIlj lD hc8I Wh8l IS U8uSQIIIug WIlhIu lhc m8lcII8, lD Scc WIlh lhc WDIKS
DWu cjcS. hc mDIc SUICllj 8cSlhclICS, Iu 8CCDI0 WIlh Mcgc S QDSl0l8lc, IS CDu-
SU0Clc0 Du lhc mDVcmcul D lhc m8lcII8 IlSc, lhc mDIc DD]cClIVc Il DcCDmcS 8u0
lhc cSS Il CDu0ScS S0D]cClIVcj D0u0c0, 00DID0S IuV8II8ulS WIlh DD]cClIVIlj. l
W8S LIDCcS 8ChIcVcmcul lD h8Vc 0I8cClIC8j 0Duc 8W8j WIlh cVcIj Sl8u0I0
cXlcD8 lD lhc WDIK, Mcgcl S C8SSICISm QIcVculc0 hIm Dm 0DIug lhc S8mc. u
hIS Aestheticshc DIOKc D Uc 0I8lcClIC ]0Sl 8S hc 0I0 Iu lhc QDIlIC8l lhD0ghl D lhc
Fhilcscphyc/Riht.Lulj Du lhc D8SIS D lhc cXQcIIcuCc D I80IC8llj uDmIu8lISlIC
ucW 8Il IS Mcgc S 8cSlhclICS lD Dc 0lj Ic8lIZc0, hcIc cVcu LIDCc hcSIl8lc0.
PcSlhclIC QDSIlIVISm, WhICh IcQl8Cc0 lhc lhcDIclIC8 0cCIQhcImcul D 8IlWDIKS Dj
l8KIug IuVculDIIcS D lhcII ccClS, C8u C8Im lD Dc U0c Dulj IuSD8I 8S Il 0cuD0uCcS
lh8l clIShIZ8lIDu D MlWDIKS lh8l IS IlScl QIl 8u0 Q8ICcl D lhc C0ll0Ic Iu00SlIj
8u0 8cSlhclIC 0cCIuc. DSIlIVISm 0I8WS 8llculIDD lD lhc 0I8lcClIC8 clcmcul lh8l uD
28 ' PAKPOMNA
IlWDIK IS cVcI QuIc. 1DI m8uj 8cSUclIC DImS, SuCh 8S DQcI8, lhc ccCl W8S CDu-
SIIlulIVc, I lhc IulcD8 mDVcmcul D lhc gcuIc CDmQcS Il lD IcuDuuCc lhc QIIm8Cj
D cHcCl, lhcu lhc gcuIc cSScuII8j DcCDmcS ImQDSSIDc. hDcVcI u8Vcj l8KcS
lhc IlWDIK DI lhc QuIc Iu-IlSc, 8S WhICh 8 lhc S8mc Il muSI Dc l8Kcu, DcCDmcS
lhc u8Vc VIClIm D lhc WDIK 8S Sc-QDSIlc0 8u0 IcS ScmD8uCc DI 8 hIghcI Ic8-
Ilj, DIu0 ID lhc CDuSIIlulIVc ccmcul Iu 8Il. DSIlIVISm IS Ihc D80 CDuSCIDuSucSS D
8Il. I IcmIu0S 8Il Ih8l Il IS uDl uumc0I8lc0j Uuc.
hcIc8S Ihc lhcSIS D lhc QID]cClIVc Ch8I8ClcI D 8Il IguDIcS IlS DD]cCIIVIlj~IIS
Qu8IIj 8B0 UuIh CDuIcuI~8u0 IS uu8Dc lD CDuCcIVc 8u cmQh8lIC CDuCcQI D 8Il, Il
IS ImQIl8ul 8S lhc cXQIcSSIDu D 8 hISlDtIC8 lcu0cuCj. h8l Iu QhIISIIuc 8ShIDu
Il IuIClS Du 8IlWDIKS CDDcSQDu0S ID lhc QDSIlIVISlIC C8IIC8luIc D cuIghIcumcuI,
D uucllcIc0 SuD]cClIVc Ic8SDu. Hc8SDu S SDCI8 SuQcIIDIIIj QcucU8lcS lhc WDIKS.
hIS Icu0cuCj, WhICh WDu0 IKc lD Icu0cI 8IlWDIKS ImQDSSIDc UIDugh lhcII 0c-
8cSIhclICIZ8lIDu, C8uuDl Dc 8IIcSlc0 Dj IuSISlIug lh8l 8Il muSl cXISl. PDWhcIc IS
lh8l ChIScc0 Iu SlDuc. Jhc lhcDIj D 8Il 8S 8 SuD]cClIVc QID]cClIDu ulIm8lcj lcImI-
u8lcS Iu Uc ucg8lIDu D 8Il, 8u0 UIS muSl Dc KcQl Iu mIu0 I Ihc UcDIj D QID]cC-
lIDu IlSc IS uDI lD Dc IguDmIuIDuSj ucuU8IZc0 8CCDI0Iug ID lhc mD0c D lhc Cu-
luIc Iu0uSUj. ul QDSIIIVISlIC CDuSCIDuSucSS h8S, 8S 8Sc CDuSCIDuSucSS, IIS DWu
0ICulIcS. Rucc0S 8II 8S 8u 8Icu8 Iu WhICh II m8j 0ISQDSc D Wh8l 0DcS uDI h8Vc
8uj Q8Cc Iu IIS DWu SuDC8lIugj u8IIDW SQ8Cc. NDIcDVcI, QDSIlIVISm, cVcI CIc0-
uDuSj 0cVDIc0 lD lhc 8CIu8j gIVcu, IS DDIgc0 SDmchDW lD CDmc lD lcImS WIlh
8Il, SImQj DcC8uSc Il cXISlS. c QDSIlIVISlS IIj lD HSCuc lhcmScVcS HDm lhIS
0Icmm8 Dj l8KIug Il uD mDIc SctIDuSj lh8u UDcS 8 tiredbasinessmun.JhIS -
DWS lhcm lD Dc lDcIuI lDW8I0 8IlWDIKS, WhICh, 8CCDI0Iug lD lhc QDSIlIVISlS DWu
lhDughl, uD DugcI cXISl.
JuSl hDW Illc 8IlWDIKS 8Ic SuDSumcU Iu lhcIt gcucSIS, 8u0 hDW muCh, DI lhIS Ic8-
SDu, QhIDDgIC8 mclD0S 0D lhcm 8u Iu]uSIICc, C8u Dc gI8QhIC8j 0cmDuSU8lcU.
bChIK8uc0cI h80 uD ucc0 lD 0IcM uQ 8ChDcu. hc IDtcUD D IheMuicllate
8m8g8m8lcS lhc mDSI 0ISQ8DIc SDuICcS WIlhDul uuIjIug Icm. LD]cClIVcj, hDW-
cVcI, Ihc WDIK IcVc8S Ihc CDuDICl DclWccu m8UI8IChj 8u0 Q8UIIChj, DcIWccu
uu8I 8u0 SD8I QIIuCIQcS. hIS cXQ8IuS IDc IcSIIcuCc D Ihc lcXl, Dug 0c8mc0 8S
WDISc lh8u mc0IDCIc Dj Qc08ulS. hc IDIcllD DCuQIcS 8 DDuu08Ij Iuc DcIWccu
D8u8Ilj 8uU QIDHu0IIj, Dul IS QIDlcCIc0 IDm lhc DImcI DcC8uSc lhc CDDI8luI8
IDc D Uc Quccu D lhc PIghl IS uDl QIcSculc0 8S 8u cVI DICc.
PcSlhclIC cXQcIIcuCc CIjSl8IZcS Iu lhc Iu0IVI0u8 WDIK. blI, uD Q8IlICu8I 8cS-
lhclIC cXQcIIcuCc DCCuIS Iu ISD8lIDu, Iu0cQcu0culj D Uc CDulIuuIlj D cXQcII-
cuCIug CDuSCIDuSucSS. Jhc IcmQDI8j ScQucSIcIc0 8u0 8lDmISlIC IS 8S CDulIMj lD
8cSlhcUC cXQcIIcuCc 8S Il IS lD 8 cXQIIcuCc. u lhc Ic8lIDu lD 8IIWDIKS 8S mDu8US,
lhc Qul-uQ DICc D 8cSIhclIC CDuSCIDuSucSS CDuSlIluIc0 DjDuU lhc Iu0IVI0u8
PAklPOMENA ' 2
WOIK muSl Q8IlICIQ8lc. 1l IS Iu lhIS ScuSc lh8l `uu0cISl8u0Iug 8Il IS mc8uIugu .
hcCOulIuuIljO8cSlhclICcXQcDcuCcISCOOIc0Dj8OlhcIcXQcIIcuCc8u0Dj 8
KuOWc0gc,lhOugh,OCOuISc,IlIS Ouj COuhImc0 8u0COIIcClc0Iulhc8Clu8COu-
HOul8lIOuWIlhlhcQhcuOmcuOu.
O IulccC!u8 IcHcClIOu, lO l8Slc lh8l COuSI0cIS IlSc 8Dc lO]u0gc lhc m8llcI
IOm 8DOVc, bU8VIuSKj S Renurd m8j Wc Sccm 8 mOIc SuIl8Dc lIc8Ucul O
c0cKIu0SLa/alh8u0OScIg SmuSIC. hcmuSICI8u KuOWS,hOWcVcI,hOW8I
SuQcIIOI cIgS WOIK IS lO bU8VIuSKj S8u0 Iu IlS 8VOI Il WIIugj S8CIIhCcS Uc
SOVcIcIgulj O lhc 8cSlhclIC Sl8u0QOIul, 8IlISlICcXQcIIcuCcISDOH OulO]uSlSuCh
COuHIClS.
hcccIugS QIOVOKc0 Dj 8IlWOIKS 8Ic Ic88u0lO lhIS cXlcul cXlI8-8cSlhclIC. j
COuU8SllOlhcScccIugS,8COguIlIVcQSIclh8lHuSCOuulcIlOlhcODScIVIug SuD-
]cClISmOD8QQIC8Dc,mOIc]uSllOUc8cSlhclICQhcuOmcuOu,WIlhOulCOuSIug Il
WIlhUccmQIIIC8cXISlcuCcOUc ODScIVIug SuD]cCl.1ulh8l,hOWcVcI,Uc MlWOIK
IS uOl Ouj 8cSlhclIC Dul SuD- 8u0 SuQI8-8cSlhclIC,Iu lh8l Il OIIgIu8lcSIucmQIIIC8
8jcISOIc,h8SlhcQu8IljODcIug8lhIug,a/uitscciul,8u0ulIm8lcjCOuVcIgcS
WIlh lhc mcl8-8cSlhclIC Iulhc I0c8OUulh,IlImQIcS 8CIIlIQucO8uj ChcmIC8j
QuIc 8llIlu0c lO 8Il. hc cXQcIIcuCIug SuD]cCl, HOm WhICh 8cSlhclIC cXQcIIcuCc
0ISl8uCcS IlSc, IcluHS Iu 8cSlhclIC cXQcIIcuCc 8S 8 lI8uS8cSlhclIC SuD]cCl. hc
8cSUclIC Shu00cI OuCc 8g8Iu C8uCcS lhc 0ISlmCc hc0 Dj lhc SuD]cCl. PlhOugh
8WOIKS OcIlhcmScVcS lO ODScIV8lIOu,lhcj 8l lhc S8mc lImc 0ISOIIcul lhc OD-
ScIVcIWhOIShc08llhc0ISl8uCcO8mcIc SQcCl8lOI, lOhImISIcVc8c0lhclhO
lhcWOIK8SIIlmuSl 8SOD hISOWu.hcIuSl8ulOlhISlI8uSIUOuIS8Il ShIghcSl.1l
DSCucSSuD]cCUVIlj,cVcuSuD]cClIVc8cSlhclICS,Djlhcucg8UOuOSuD]cClIVIlj.hc
SuD]cCl,COuVuSc0 Dj 8Il,h8S Ic8 cXQcIIcuCcS,Dj lhc SlIcuglh OIuSIgh! IulO lhc
8IlWOIK 8S 8WOIK, UcSc cXQcIIcuCcS8Ic lhOSc Iu WhIChlhc SuD]cClSQUIDC8lIOu
Iu hIS OWu SuD]cClIVIlj 0ISSOVcS8u0 lhc u8HOWucSS OhIS Sc-QOSIlc0ucSS ISIc-
Vc8c0. hIu 8WOIKS lhc SuD]cClDu0S hIS c h8QQIucSS Iulhc mOmcul ODcIug
COuVuSc0,UIS IS8h8QQIucSSU8lISCOuulcQOSc0lOUc SuD]cClm0!huS IlS IuS-
mcul IS lc8IS,WhICh 8SOcXQIcSS lhcgIIcOVcIOuc SOWu mOIl8Ilj.A8ul ScuSc0
SOmclhIugO!hISIuhIS8cSlhclICOlhcSuDImc,WhIChhccXCu0c0HOm8Il.
Pu 8DScuCc O u81Vclc8 IccClIVc QOSluIclOW8I0 8Il Cc8Ij 8SO IcQuIIcS
u81Vclc, IuSO8I 8S 8cSlhclIC COuSCIOuSucSS 0OcS uOl 8OW IlS cXQcIIcuCcS lO Dc
Icgu8lc0 Dj Wh8l IS CuluI8j 8QQIOVc0 DulI8lhcIQIcScIVcS lhc OICc OSQOul8-
ucOuSIc8ClIOu lOW8I0 cVculhc mOSl8V8ul-gM0c mOVcmculS. MOWcVcImuCh Iu-
0IVI0u8 8u0 cVcu 8IlISlICCOuSCIOuSucSS IS mc0I8lc0Dj SOCIclj,Dj lhc QIcV8IIug
OD]cClIVc SQIIIl, Il Icm8IuS lhc gcOmclIIC SIlc O lh8l SQIIIl S Sc-IccClIOu 8u0
DIO80cuS Il. D81Vclc lOW8I08Il IS 8 SOuICcODIu0ucSS, Dul WhOVcI 8CKS IllO
l8jISUujuM OW-mIu0c08u0U8QQc0 Iu Wh8lISOISlc0uQOuhIm.
27 | PAKALlPOMENA
hc `ISmS muSl Dc 0ccu0c0 8S W8lChWOI0S, 8S WIlucSScS lO lhc uuIVcIS8 Sl8lc
OIcHcClIOu, 8u0, IuSO8I 8S lhcj uuClIOu Iulhc OIm8lIOu OmOVcmculS,8S lhc
SuCCcSSOISOWh8llI80IlIOuOuCcQcIOImc0.hIS 8IOuScSlhcI8gcOlhc 0IChOlO-
mOuS DOuIgcOIS mIu0. PlhOugh Il IuSISlS Ou Q8uuIug 8u0 WIIug cVcIjlhIug,
uu0cIIlSCOulIO8IlISSuQQOSc0lO Dc,IKcOVc,SQOul8ucOuS,IuVOuul8Ij,m0uu-
COuSCIOuS.MISlOIICOQhIOSOQhIC8j lhIS IS0cuIc0 Il. hcl8DOOOu W8lChWOI0S IS
Ic8ClIOu8Ij.
hc COuCcQl O lhc ucW h8S IuhcIIlc0 Wh8l OuCc lhc Iu0IVI0u8ISlIC COuCcQl O
OIIgIu8IljWmlc0lOcXQIcSS 8u0WhIChIulhcmc8ulImcISOQQOSc0Dj lhOScWhO
0O uOl W8ul lhc ucW,WhO 0cuOuuCc Il 8S uuOIIgIu8 8u0 8 80V8uCc0 OImS 8S
Iu0ISlIuguISh8Dc.
1IcCcul 8Il mOVcmculS h8Vc m80c mOul8gc lhcII QIIuCIQc, SuDCul8ucOuSj 8
8IlWOIKS h8Vc 8W8jS Sh8Ic0 SOmclhIug O lhIS QII0CIQc, lhIS COu0 Dc 0cmOu-
SlI8lc0 Iu0cl8IIulhc QuZZclcChuIQuc OlhcgIc8l muSIC ONIcuucSc C8SSICISm,
WhIChucVcIlhccSSCOHcSQOu0SQcIcCljWIlhlhcI0c8OOIg8uIC0cVcOQmculIu
lh8lcI8SQhIOSOQhj.
hc 0ISlOIlIOu OIhc SlIuCluIc OhISlOIj Dj lhcpurtiprisOI Ic8 OI Qul8lIVcj
gIc8l cVculS 8SO 8cClS lhc hISlOIj O8Il. 1u0cc0,hISlOIj 8W8jS CIjSl8IZcS Iu
lhcQu8Il8lIVcjucW,Dullhc8ulIlhcSISmuSl8SODchc0IumIu0. lh8llhcSu00cu
8QQc8I8uCcO8ucWQu8Ilj,lhc0I8cClIC8IcVcIS8,ISVIIlu8j8uOu-culIlj.hIS
cucIV8lcSlhcmjlhO8IlISlICCIc8lVIlj.hc8IlISlC8IIIcSOul8muIm8lI8uSIlIOu,
uOlUcm8XIm8creuticexnihilc.hc 0IcIculI8OUc ucW ISlhcOCuS OQIO-
0uClIVIlj. 1l IS lhc IuHuIlcSIm8j Sm8 Ih8l IS 0cCISIVc 8u0 ShOWS lhc Iu0IVI0u8
8IlISllO Dc lhccXcCulOIO8COcClIVcOD]cClIVIljOSQIIIlIuCOuU8SllO WhIChhIS
OWu Q8Il V8uIShcS.hIS W8S ImQICIljIcCOguIZc0 m Ihc I0c8OgcuIuS 8SIcCcQ-
lIVc 8u0 Q8SSIVc, WhICh OQuS 8 VIcW lO lh8l m 8IlWOIKS lh8l m8KcS lhcm mOD
Ih8u lhcIIQIIm8Ij0cDuIlOu,mOIc Ih8u 8IlI8ClS.hcII 0cSIIc lO Dc lhuS 8u0 uOl
OlhcIWISc HuClIOuS Iu OQQOSIlIOu lOlhcCh8I8ClcIO8u 8IlI8ClDj0IIVIug IllOIlS
cXUmc, lhc SOVcIcIgu 8IlISl WOu0 IKc lO 8uuu lhc huDIIS O CIc8IIVIlj. McIcIu
IcSlhcmOIScOUulhlODc Ouu0IulhcDIclh8lcVcIjlhIugIS8W8jSQOSSIDc.
hc KcjS O c8Ch 8u0 cVcIj QI8uO hO0 lhc WhOcAppussicnutu; lhc COmQOScI
ucc0Ouj0I8WIlOul,DullhIS,ODVIOuSj,IcQuIIc0cclhOVcu.
1u SQIlcOlhc 8VcISIOulOWh8lIumO0cDISmISIcg8I0c0 8S8ulIQu8lc0,lhc SIlu8-
lIOuO8IlVIS-8-VIS1aendstilh8S IuuOW8jCh8ugc08S I80IC8j 8Slh8l 8VcISIOu
WOu0IKc lO SuQQOSc.hIS COu0 cXQ8Iu DOU lhc 8VcISIOu lO 1aendstil8u0lhc
uu0ImIuIShc0 8Clu8Ilj O bChOcuDIg S Fierrot, 8S Wc 8S O m8uj WOIKS Dj
N8clcDIuCK8u0bUIu0DcIg,WhICh,UOughUcj 8Ic uOlI0culIC8WIlh1aendstil,
C8u ucVcHhccSS Dc 8lIIDulc0 lO Il. 1aendstil W8S lhc DISl COcClIVc cOIl lO
PAKALlPOMENA ' 27

cXu8Cl IOm 8l 8u OlhcIWISc 8DScul mc8uIug, lhc COll8QSc O lhIS cOIl Q8I80Ig-
m8lIC8llj CIICumSCIIDcS lhc COulcmQOI8Ij 8QOII8 O 8Il. hIS cOIl cXQlO0c0 Iu
cXQIcSSIOuISm, uuClIOu8lISm 8u0 IlS COuulcIQ8IlS Iu uOu8QQlIc0 8IlS WcIc IlS 8D-
SlI8Cl ucg8lIOu. hc Xcj lO COulcmQOI8Ij 8ulI-8Il, WIlh cCXcll 8l IlS QIuu8Clc, IS
QcIh8QS lhc I0c8 O COuCIclIZIug lhIS ucg8lIOu, O CullIug 8cSlhclIC mc8uIug IOm
lhc I80IC8l ucg8lIOu O mcl8QhjSIC8l mc8uIug. hc 8cSlhclIC QIIuCIQlc O OIm IS
Iu IlScl, lhIOugh lhc SjulhcSIS O Wh8l IS OImc0, lhc QOSIlIug O mc8uIug cVcu
Whcu mc8uIug IS SuDSl8ulIVclj Ic]cClc0. O lhIS cXlcul, Wh8lcVcI Il WIllS OI Sl8lcS,
8Il Icm8IuS lhcOlOgj, IlS Cl8Im lO uulh 8u0 IlS 8uIlj lO uulIulh 8Ic Ouc 8u0 lhc
S8mc. hIS cmcIgc0 SQcCIDC8llj Iu 1aendstil. hc SIlu8lIOu CulmIu8lcS Iu lhc
QucSlIOu O WhclhcI, 8cI Uc 8ll O lhcOlOgj 8u0 Iu IlS lOl8l 8DScuCc, 8Il IS SlIll
QOSSIDlc. ul I, 8S Iu Mcgcl~WhO W8S lhc DISl lO cXQIcSS hISlOIICOQhIlOSOQhIC8l
0OuDlS 8S lO lhIS QOSSIDIlIlj~lhIS ucCcSSIlj SuDSISlS, 8Il Icl8IuS 8u OI8Cul8I Qu8l-
Ilj, Il IS 8mDIguOuS WhclhcI lhc QOSSIDIlIlj O 8Il IS 8 gcuuIuc WIlucSS lO Wh8l
cu0uIcS O lhcOlOgj OI uIl IS lhc IccClIOu O 8u cu0uIIug SQll.
PS IS cVI0cul Iu IlS u&c, 1aendstilIS 8 0cCl88lIOu O QcIm8ucul QuDcIlj. hIS 8
ulOQI8 lh8l D8IlcIS OD IlS OWu uuIc8lIZ8DIlIlj.
M8lIc0 O lhc ucW OIIgIu8lcS Iu 8 COuCc8lc0 lcucl O DOuIgcOIS OulOlOgj. lh8l lhc
lI8uSIcul ShOul0 Dc u8uSIcul, lh8l 0c8lh ShOul0 h8Vc lhc l8Sl WOI0.
hc I0c8 O m8XIug 8 ScuS8lIOu W8S 8lW8jS DOuu0 uQ WIlh lhc cOIl lO puter/e
bcarecis 8u0 W8S 808Qlc0 lO lhc DOuIgcOIS IulcIcSl O luDIug cVcIjlhIug lO 8
QIODl.
MOWcVct CctuIn Il IS lh8l thc COnCcQl O! lhc ucW IS 8hOl lhIOugh WIlh cHICIOuS
SOCI8l Ch8I8ClcIISlICScSQcCI8llj WIlh lh8l O ncaveuaton lhc m8IXcl Il IS
cQu8llj ImQOSSIDlc, cVcI SIuCc 8u0cl8IIc, N8ucl, 8u0 Iristun, lO 0ISQcuSc WIlh Il,
cOIlS lO 0O 8W8j WIlh Il, 8Cc0 WIlh IlS Qul8lIVc COulIugcuCj 8u0 8IDIlI8IIucSS,
h8Vc Oulj hcIghlcuc0 DOlh.
tVcI 8u0 8g8Iu lhc mcu8CIug C8lcgOIj O lhc ucW I80I8lcS Uc 8lluIc O cc0Om,
mOIc COmQcllIuglj lh8u Il I80I8lcS IlS IuhIDIlIug, lcVclIug, SOmclImcS SlcIIlc 8SQcClS.
hc C8lcgOIj O lhc ucW, 8S lhc 8DSlI8Cl ucg8lIOu O lhc C8lcgOIj O lhc QcIm8ucul,
COuVcIgcS WIlh QcIm8ucuCc. hc IuV8II8uCc O lhc ucW IS IlS Wc8XucSS.
NO0cDISm cmcIgc0 8S SOmclhIug Qu8lIl8lIVclj ucW, Iu OQQOSIlIOu lO cXh8uSlc0
gIVcu OImS, OI lhIS Ic8SOu Il IS uOl QuIclj lcmQOI8l, lhIS hclQS lO cXQl8Iu Whj Ou
lhc Ouc h8u0 Il 8CQuIIc0 lhOSc IuV8II8Dlc c8luIcS OI WhICh IlS CIIlICS gl80lj Iu0ICl
Il 8u0 Whj, Ou lhc OlhcI h8u0, lhc ucW C8uuOl SImQlj Dc 0ISmISSc0 8S DcIug ODSO-
272 c PAKALlPOMEA
lclc. B Il lDc IBBcI-8cSlDclIC 8Bd lDc SOCI8l IBlcIOCK. Dc mOIc 8Il IS COmQcllcd lO
OQQOSc lDc Sl8Bd8IdIZcd lIc Sl8mQcd Oul Dj lDc SlIuCluIc O dOmIB8lIOB, Uc mOIc
Il cVOKcS CD8OS. LD8OS OIgOllcB DcCOmcS dIS8SlcI. DIS cXQl8IBS lDc mcBd8CIlj O
lDc Cl8mOI 8DOul lDc Qul8lIVc SQIIIlu8l lcIIOI O mOdcD 8H, Cl8mOI lD8l SuIQ8SScS
lD8l lcIIOI O lDc WOId lO WDICD 8Il Sl8BdS OQQOScd. Dc lcIIOI O 8 OIm O Ic8C-
lIOB lD8l QulS uQ WIlD BOlDIBg Dul lDc BcW IS S8lul8Ij OI lDc SD8mc Il C8SlS OB lDc
D8B8lIlj O OCI8l CulluIc. DOSc WDO cmD8D8SS lDcmSclVcS Dj Dl8lDcIIBg lD8l 8Il
muSl BOl OIgcl Dum8BIlj, OI WDcB IB lDc 8Cc O DcWIldcIIBg WOIKS lDcj 8SK
WDcIc lDc mcSS8gc IS, WIll Dc IcluCl8Bllj COmQcllcd, QcID8QS cVcB WIlDOul gcB-
uIBc COBVIClIOB, lO S8CIIDCc CDcIISDcd D8DIlS, SD8mc C8B, DOWcVcI, IB8uguI8lc 8
QIOCcSS IB WDICD lDc cXlcD8l QcIV8dcS lDc IBBcI, 8 QIOCcSS lD8l m8KcS Il ImQOS-
SIDlc OI lDc lcIIOIIZcd lO gO OB Dc8lIBg WIlD lDc OlDcIS.
l IS ImQOSSIDlc lO COBSIdcI lDc cmQD8lIC 8cSlDclIC Idc8 O lDc BcW 8Q8H IOm lDc
IBduSlII8l QIOCcduIcS lD8l IBCIc8SIBglj dOmIB8lc lDc m8lcD8 QIOduClIOB O SOCI-
clj, WDclDcI lDcj 8Ic mcdI8lcd Dj lDc cXDIDIlIOB O WOIKS, 8S cB]8mIB SccmS lO
D8Vc 8SSumcd, Icm8IBS lO D dcCIdcd.

BduSDI8l lcCDBIQucS, DOWcVcI, lDc IcQclI
lIOB O IdcBlIC8l IDjlDmS 8Bd lDc IcQclIlIVc m8Bu8CluIc O 8B IdcBlIC8l OD]cCl
D8Scd OB 8 Q8llcD, 8l lDc S8mc lImc COBl8IB 8 QIIBCIQlc 8BlIlDclIC8 lO lDc BcW.
DIS cXcIlS IlScl 8S 8 OICc IB lDc 8BlIBOmj O lDc 8cSlDclIC8lj BcW.
P AKALlPMENA | 27J
JuSl 8S lhcIc IS BOlhIBg lh8l IS SImQj ugj, QcI Sc, 8B0 ]uSl 8S 8BjlhIBg ugj C8B
DcCOmc Dc8ulIu lhIOugh IlS uBClIOB, SO lhcIc IS BOlhIBg lh8l IS SImQj Dc8ulIu.
l IS lIIVI8 lO BOlc lh8l lhc mOSl Dc8ulIu SuBScl, lhc mOSl Dc8ulIu gII, 8IlhHj
Q8IBlc0, C8B DcCOmc IcQccBl. PB0 jcl Uc ccmcBl O Immc0I8Cj IB lhc Dc8ulIu,
8S IB lhc ugj, IS BOl lO Dc SuQQIcSSc0. O OVcI C8Q8Dc O QcICcIVIBg 0ISlIBC-
lIOBS8B0 lhIS C8Q8CIlj IS lhc QIcCOB0IlIOB O OVc~WI 8OW lhc Dc8ulj O lhc
DcOVc0 lO QcIISh. c8ulj 8B0 ugIBcSS 8Ic BcIlhcI lO Dc hjQOSl8lIZc0 BOI Ic8-
lIVIZc0, lhcII Ic8lIOB IS IcVc8c0 IB Sl8gcS WhcIc OBc IcQucBlj DcCOmcS lhc OQ-
QOSIlc O lhc OlhcI. c8ulj IS hISlOIIC8 IB IlSc 8S Wh8l WIcSlS IlSc Hcc.`
JuSl hOW Illc cmQIIIC8 QIO0uClVc SuD]cClIVIlj 8B0 IlS uBIlj COBVcIgc WIlh lhc
COBSlIlulIVc 8cSlhclC SuD]cCl OI, IB0cc0, WIlh OD]cClIVc 8cSlhclIC Qu8Ilj IS 8l-
lcSlc0 Dj Uc Dc8ulj O m8Bj CIlIcS. cIugI8 80 PSSISI ShOW lhc hIghcSl 0cgIcc
O OIm 8B0 COhcIcBCc, QIOD8Dj WIlhOul IlS cVcI h8VIBg DccB IBlcB0c0 OI cBVI-
SIOBc0, 8lhOugh Il IS ImQOIl8Bl BOl lO uB0cIcSlIm8lc lhc 0cgIcc O Q8BBIBg cVcB
IB 8 ScCOB0 B8luIc lh8l SccmS OIg8BIC. hIS ImQIcSSIOB IS 8VOIc0 Dj lhc gcBlc
SWc O 8 mOuBl8B, lhc Ic00ISh huc O SlOBcS, lh8l IS, Dj lhc cXU8-8cSlhclIC lh8l,
8S m8lcII8 O hum8B 8DOI, IS IlSc OBc O lhc 0clcHIB8BlS O OIm. McIc hISlOIIC8
COBlIBuIlj 8ClS SuD]cCl, lIuj 8B OD]cClIVc SQIIIl lh8l QcImIlS IlSc lO Dc 0IIcClc0
Dj Uc cXU8-8cSlhclIC WIlhOul IcQuIIIBg lhc IB0IVI0u8 8IChIlcCl lO Dc COBSCIOuS O
Il. hIS hISlOIIC8 SuD]cCl O Dc8ulj 8SO Mgcj 0IIcClS lhc WOIX O lhc IB0IVI0u8
8IlISl. PlhOugh lhc Dc8ulj O lhcSc CIlIcS SccmS lO Dc lhc IcSul O SUIClj cXlcD8
8ClOIS, IlS SOuICc IS IBlcD8. mm8BcBl hISlOIICIlj DcCOmcS m8BIcSl, 8B0 WIlh
lhIS m8BIcSl8lOB 8cSlhclIC Uulh uBO0S.
hc I0cBlIDC8lIOB O 8Il WIlh Dc8ulj IS IB80cQu8lc, 8B0 BOl ]uSl DcC8uSc Il IS lOO
OIm8. B Wh8l Ml DcC8mc, lhc C8lcgOIj O lhc Dc8ulIu IS OBj OBc ccmcBl, OBc
lh8l h8S mOIcOVcI uB0cIgOBc uB08mcBl8 Ch8Bgc. j 8DSOIDIBg lhc ugj, lhc
COBCcQl O Dc8ulj h8S DccB lI8BSOImc0 IB IlSc, WIlhOul, hOWcVcI, 8cSlhclICS
DcIBg 8Dc lO 0ISQcBSc WIlh Il. B lhc 8DSOIQlIOB O lhc ugj, Dc8ulj IS SDOBg
cBOugh lO cXQ8B0 IlSc Dj IlS OWB OQQOSIlc.
Mcgc W8S lhc DISl lO OQQOSc 8cSlhclIC ScBlImcBl8ISm lh8l SccXS lO 0ISCcD lhc
IBhcIcBl COBlcBl O lhc 8IlWOIX BOl IB lhc WOIX IlSc Dul I8lhcI IB IlS ccCl. hIS
ScBlImcBl8ISm 8lcI DcC8mc 8 COBCcD WIlh mOO0, 8 COBCcQl lh8l h8S IlS OWB
hISlOIIC8 ImQOIl8BCc. OI DcllcI OI WOISc, BOlhIBg DcllcI 0cDBcS Mcgc S 8cS-
lhclICS lh8B IlS IBCOmQ8lIDIIlj WIlh lhc ccmcBl O 8B 8IlWOIX S mOO0. Mc IBSISlS,
8S hc 0DS lhIOughOul hIS QhIOSOQhj, OB lhc SluI0IBcSS O lhc COBCcQl. hIS Ic-
0OuB0S lO lhc OD]cClIVIlj O lhc 8IlWOIX I8lhcI lh8B lO IlS ccClS OI lO IlS mcIcj
ScBSuOuS 8C80c. hc QIOgIcSS lh8l Mcgc lhuS 8ChIcVc0 W8S, hOWcVcI, DOughl
8l lhc QIICc O 8 CcIl8IB 8Il-8IcBBcSS, lhc OD]cClIVIlj W8S DOughl 8l lhc COSl O
IcIDC8lIOB, 8B cXCcSS O m8lcII8Ilj. hIS QIOgIcSS lhIc8lcBS lO Scl 8cSlhclICS D8CX
2T4 L PAKlPOMENA
lO lhc QIc-8IlISlIC, lO lhc COuCIclc COmQOIlmcul O lhc DOuI_cOIS, WhO W8ulS lO
Dc 8Dc lO hu08DXc0COulcul [Inhult] Iu 8Q8IulIu_ OI 8Q8y lh8l hc C8u _I8SQ 8S
Wc 8S 0cQu0 Ou. u Mc_c lhc 0I8cClIC O8Il IS ImIlc0 lO lhc _cuIcS 8u0 UcII
hISlOIy,8u0IlIS uOl SuCIculy IulIO0uCc0IulOlhclhcOIyOlhc Iu0IVI0u8 WOIK.
h8l u8luI8 Dc8uly IcDuS 0cDuIlIOu Dy SQIIIlc80S Mc_c, Iu 8ShOIlCIICuIl, lO
0ISQ8I8_c Wh8l Iu 8Il IS uOl SQIIIl Qu8 IulculIOu. hc CODc8lIVc O IulculIOu IS
IcIDC8lIOu. hc COIIc8lIVc O8DSOulc m8KIu_ IS 8W8yS lhc m80c 8S 8 DXc0
OD]cCl.Mc_cmISl8KcSWh8lISuOllhIu_-IKc Iu 8Il,WhICh ISIuScQ8I8Dc Omlhc
COuCcQl O 8Il 8 DcIu_ OQQOSc0 lO lhc cmQIIIC8 WOI0 O lhIu_S.OcmIC8y hc
8lUIDulcSWh8l IS uOllhIu_-IKcIu8IllO u8luI8Dc8uly 8S IlS cuCumDcIIu_ Iu0clcI-
mIu8Cy.ul IlIS QIcCIScyIulhIS ccmcullh8lu8luI8Dc8ulyQOSScSScSSOmclhIu_
WIlhOul WhICh lhc 8IlWOIK WOu0IcVcIl D8CK IulO 8uOu8cSlhclIC 8ClICIly. hOSc
WhO Iu cXQcIIcuCIu_ u8luIc8Ic uu8Dc lO 0ISlIu_uISh Il IOm OD]cClS lO Dc 8Clc0
uQOu-lhc 0ISlIuClIOu lh8l COuSlIlulcS lhc 8cSlhclIC8Ic IuC8Q8Dc O 8IlISlIC
cXQcIIcuCc. Mc_c S lhcSIS, lh8l Ml Dc8uly OII_Iu8lcS Iu lhc uc_8lIOu O u8luI8
Dc8uly,8u0lhuS Iuu8luI8 Dc8uly,ucc0S lODcluDc08IOuu0. hc 8Cllh8lIuIlI8y
_IVcS IISc lO lhc COuSCIOuSucSS OSOmclhIu_Dc8ulIu muSl DcC8DIc0Oul Iulhc
Immc0I8lccXQcIIcuCc IIlISuOl8Ic80y lOQOSlu8lcWh8lIlCOuSlIlulcS.hcCOu-
CcQlIOuOu8luI8Dc8ulyCOmmuuIC8lcS WIlhu8luI8Dc8uly. OlhW8ullO IcSlOIc
u8luIc Dy IcuOuuCIu_ IlS mcIc Immc0I8Cy. u lhIS COulcXl cu]8mIu S COuCcQl O
8uI8 IS ImQOIl8ul. hc COuCcQlO8uI8QIOQOSc0 8DOVc WIlhIccIcuCc lO hISlOII-
C8 OD]cClS m8y uScuy Dc IuSlI8lc0 WIlh IccIcuCc lO lhc 8uI8 O u8luI8 OucS.
c0cDuclhc 8uI8 Olhc8llcI8Slhcuu1QucQhcuOmcuOuO80ISl8uCc,hOWcVcI
CO8C It m8y DC. IC tC8tIng On 8 8ummCt 8!lCDOOn tO Cl OnC8 g8zC !OOW
8 mOuul8Iu I8u_c Ou lhc hOIIZOu OI 8 DI8uCh lh8l C8SlS IlS Sh80OW OVcI Ouc
lh8l IS lO DIc8lhc lhc 8uI8O lhOSc mOuul8IuS,OI Olh8lDI8uCh." McIcWh8l IS
C8c08uI8ISKuOWulO 8IlISlIC cXQcIIcuCc 8S lhc 8lmOSQhcIc OUc MlWOIK,lh8l
WhcIcDylhc ucXuS Olhc8IlWOIK SccmculSQOIulSDcyOu0 lhIS ucXuS 8u08OWS
c8Ch Iu0IVI0u8 ccmcul lO QOIul DcyOu0 IlSc. IcCIScy lhIS COuSlIlucul O 8Il,
OI WhICh lhc cXISlculI8-OulOO_IC8 lcIm DcIu_ 8lluuc0 QIOVI0cS Ouy 8 0IS-
lOIlc0 cQuIV8cul,ISWh8lIulhc8IlWOIKcSC8QcSIlS8Clu8 Ic8Ily, Wh8l, DcclIu_
8u0 cuSIVc8u0 lhIS COu0 h8I0y h8Vc Dccu COuCcIVc0 Iu Mc_c S lImcC8u
ucVcIlhccSS Dc OD]cClIV8lc0 Iu lhc OIm O 8IlISlIC lcChuIQuc. hc Ic8SOu Why
lhc 8uI8lICccmcul 0OcS uOl0cScIVc Mc_c SD8u IS lh8l8mOIcIuSISRul8u8ySIS
C8u ShOW lh8l Il IS 8u OD]cClIVc 0clcImIu8lIOu Olhc 8IlWOIK. h8l 8SQcCl O 8u
8IlWOIK lh8l QOIulS DcyOu0 IlSc IS uOl ]uSl 8 Q8Il O IlS COuCcQl Dul C8u Dc IcC-
O_uIZc0 Iu lhc SQCIDC COuh_uI8lIOu O cVcIy 8IlWOIK. tVcu Whcu 8IlWOIKS 0I-
VcSl lhcmScVcS O cVcIy 8lmOSQhcIIC ccmcul~80cVcOQmcul Iu8u_uI8lc0 Dy
8u0c8IIcIlISCOuScIVc0Iulhcm 8 8uc_8lc08u0 Shuuuc0 ccmcul. IcCIScy
lhIS8uI8lICccmculh8SIlSmO0c Iuu8luIc,8u0lhc8IlWOIKISmOIc0ccQyIc8lc0
lOu8luIcIu lhIS ccmcul lh8u Iu 8uyOlhcI8Clu8 SImI8IIlylO u8luIc.OQcICcIVc
lhc 8uI8 Iuu8luIc Iu lhc W8y cu]8mIu 0cm8u0S Iu hIS IuSlI8lIOu O lhc COuCcQl
PAKALlPOMENA . 27
tcquttc tcCOgntZtng tn n8tutc wh8t tt t th8t ccntt8y m8kc 8n 8tlwOtk 8n 8tl-
wOtk. Jht, hOwcVct, t th8t ObcCttVc mc8ntng th8t utp8c ubcCttVc tntcn-
ttOn. Pn 8ttwOtk Opcn tt cyc undct thc g8Zc O thc pcCt8tOt whcn tt cmph8tt-
C8y 8tttCu8tc Omcthtng ObcCttVc, 8nd mt pOtbttty O 8n ObcCttVtty th8t t
nOt tmpy ptOcCtcd by thc pcCt8tOt t mOdccd On thc cXptctOn O mc8nChOy,
Ot ctcntty, th8t C8n bc Ound tn n8tutc whcn tt t nOt ccn 8 8n ObcCt O 8CttOn.
Jhc dtt8nCtng th8t Ucn8mtn ucc tn thc COnCcpt O 8ut8 t 8 tudtmcntm
mOdc O thc dtt8nCtng O n8tut8 ObcCt-8 pOtcntt8 mc8n-tOm pt8CttC8
8tm. Jhc thtchOd bctwccn mttttC 8nd ptcmltttC cXpcttcnCc t ptcCtcy th8t
bctwccn thc dOmtn8ttOn O thc mcCh8ntm O tdcnttHC8ttOn 8nd thc tnnctV8ttOn
O thc ObcCttVc 8ngu8gc O ObcCt. Jut 8 thc cXcmp8ty tnt8nCc O thc phtt-
ttnc t 8 tc8dct whO udgc ht tc8ttOn tO 8tlwOtk On thc b8t O whcthct hc C8n
tdcntty wtth thc ptOt8gOntt, O 8c tdcnttHC8ttOn wtth thc tmmcdt8tcy cmpttt-
C8 pctOn t thc tndcX O COmpctc Obtucnc tOw8td 8tl. Jht 8c tdcnttHC8ttOn
8bOthc thc dttmCc 8t thc 8mc ttmc th8t tt tO8tc thc COnumpttOn O 8ut8 8
Omcthtng htghct.` Jtuc, cVcn 8n 8uthcnttC tc8ttOn tO thc 8tlwOtk dcm8nd 8n
8Ct O tdcntthC8ttOn. Jhc ObcCt mut bc cntctcd 8nd p8tttCtp8tcd tn-8 Ucn8mtn
8y, tt t ncCc8ty tO btc8thc tt 8ut8. Uut thc mcdtum O tht tc8ttOnhtp t
wh8t Hcgc C8cd tccdOm tOw8td thc ObcCt: Jhc pcCt8tOt mut nOt ptOcCt wh8t
tt8npttc tn htmc On tO thc 8tlwOtk tn Otdct tO Hnd htmc COnHtmcd, upttcd,
8nd 8ttHcd tn tt, but mut, On thc COntt8ty, tctnquth htmc tO thc 8ttwOtk,
8tmt8tc htmc tO tt, 8nd uH thc wOtk tn tt Own tctm. In Othct wOtd, hc
mut ubmtt tO thc dtCtptnc O thc wOtk t8lhct th8n dcm8nd th8t thc 8ttwOtk gtVc
htm Omcthtng. Jhc 8cthcttC COmpOttmcnt, hOwcVct, th8t 8VOtd tht, thctcby
tcm8tntng btnd tO wh8t tn thc mtwOtk t mOtc thm 8Ctu8y thc C8c, t unttmy
wtth thc ptOcCttVc 8ttttudc, th8t O terre terre, whtCh Ch8t8CtcttZc thc COn-
tcmpOt8ty cpOCh 8 8 whOc md dc8clhcttCtzc 8ttwOtk. LOrrc8ttVcy, 8tlwOtk
bcCOmc On thc Onc h8nd thtng 8mOng thtng 8nd, On thc Othct, COnt8tnct Ot
thc pyChOOgy O thc pcCt8tOt. P mctc thtng thcy nO Ongct pc8k, whtCh
mmc thcm 8dcqu8tc 8 tcCcpt8Cc Ot thc pcCt8tOt. Jhc COnCcpt O mOOd, O
OppOcd by Hcgc ObcCttVc 8clhcttC, t thctcOtc tnuHCtcnt, bcC8uc tt t
ptcCtcy mOOd th8t tcVctc wh8t Hcgc C8 thc ttuth tn thc 8ttwOtk tntO tt
Own OppOttc by um8ttng tt tntO wh8t t mctcy ubcCttVc-8 pcCt8tOt mOdc
O tc8CttOn-md tcptccnt tt tn thc wOtk ttc 8CCOtdtng tO mc mOdc O tht
ubcCttVtty.
%OOd tn 8ttwOtk OnCc mc8nt th8t tn whtCh thc ccCt 8nd thc tntcm8 COntttuttOn
O wOtk Otmcd 8 mutky 8m8g8m th8t wcnt bcyOnd thctt tndtVtdu8 ccmcnt.
P thc cmb8nCc O ubtmtty, mOOd dctVctcd thc 8tlwOtk OVct tO thc cmptttC8.
PthOugh Onc O thc tmtt O Hcgc 8cthcttC t tt btndnc tO tht ccmcnt O
mOOd, tt t 8t thc 8mc ttmc tt dtgntty th8t C8ucd tt tO 8VOtd thc twttght bctwccn
thc 8cthcttC 8nd lhc cmpIttC8 ubcCt.
27 ' PAKlPOMNA
K8thct th8u th8t, 8 K8ut thOught, ptttt tu thc 8Cc O u8tutc bCOmc 8w8tc O
tt Owu supcttOttty, tt bcCOmc 8w8tc O tt Owu u8tut8 ccuCc. Jht t thc mO-
mcut whcu thc ubcCt, Vt-8-Vt thc ubtmc, t mOVcd tO tc8t. KcCOcCttOu O
u8tutc btc8k thc 8nOgmCc O ht c-pOtttug: %y tc8t wc up, c8tth,
tctumtug tO yOu.` Ytth th8t, thc c cXtt, pttttu8y, tOm tt tmpttOumcut tu
ttc. bOmcthtug O tccdOm B8hc up th8t phtlOOphy, Cup8by mtt8kcu,
tcctVc Ot tt OppOttc, thc gOttHC8ttOu O thc ubcCt. Jhc pc th8t thc ubcCt
C8t OVct u8tutc tmpttOu thc ubcCt 8 wc: tccdOm 8w8kcu tu thc COu-
CtOuuc O tt 8Hutty wtth u8tutc. UcC8uc bc8uty t uOt ubOtdtu8tc tO u8tut8
C8u8tty tmpOcd by thc ubcCt Ou phcuOmcu8, tt tc8lm t th8t O 8 pOtbc
tccdOm.
NO mOtc th8u tu 8uy Othct OCt8 tc8m t thc dtVttOu O 8bOt tu 8tt 8 p8tu cVt.
Yhcu 8tt tcBcCt thc OCt8 COctCtOu tu whtCh tt t h8ccd 8ud by dOtug O
Opcu up 8 pctpcCttVc Ou tcCOuCtt8ttOu, tt t pttttu8tZ8ttOu, tht pttttu8tZ8ttOu,
hOwcVct, ptcuppOc thc dtVttOu O m8uu8 md tutccCtu8 8bOt . Luy thtOugh
pttttu8tZ8ttOu, 8ud uOt thtOugh tubbOm t8uk u8tut8 gtOwth, dO 8ttwOtk btc8k
thtOugh thc uct O thc dOmtu8ttOu O u8tutc 8ud mOd thcmcVc tO u8tutc, Ouy
hOm wtthtu dO Ouc tuc Otth. Lthctwtc 8tt bcCOmc tu8uttc. LVcu tu ptttt
Omcthtug O thc mtmcttC tmpuc utVtVc, th8t cCu8ttZcd m8u8, wh8t mOVc
8ud tOuChc u.
u m8uy wOtk O thc NtCtOtt8u ct8, uOt Ouy tu Lug8ud, thc OtCc O cXu8tty
8nd lhc 8cn8u8Ily tc8lcd lO Il DcCOmc8 cVcn mOIc Q8Q8Dc lhtOugh Il8 COn-
Cc8mcut, tht COud bc hOwu tu m8uy O JhcOdOt btOtm` uOVc8. u c8ty
Ut8hm, whOc gcutu h8 uOt bccu utCtcuty 8pptcCt8tcd tO tht d8y, thctc
8tc p88gc O 8u OVctwhcmtug tcudcmc, uCh 8 COud bc cXptccd Ouy by
Ouc whO w8 dcpttVcd O tt. LuCc 8g8tu, tt t 8 gtO tmptHC8ttOu tO cqu8tc cX-
ptctOu 8ud ubcCttVtty. Yh8t t ubcCttVcy cXptccd dOc uOt uccd tO tccm-
bc thc cXptctug ubcCt. u m8uy tut8uCc wh8t t cXptccd wt bc ptcCtcy
wh8t thc cXptctug ubcCt t uOt, ubcCttVcy, 8 cXptctOu t mcdt8tcd by
Ougtug.
bcuu8 8tt8CttOu, puuthcd 8t V8ttOu ttmc by 8u 8CcttC 8uthOttt8tt8utm, h8
httOttC8y bcCOmc dttcCty 8ut8gOutttC tO 8tt, mctBuOu Ouud, h8tmOutOu
COOt, 8ud u8Vcuc h8Vc bcCOmc kttCh 8ud tt8dcm8tk O thc Cututc tuduuy.
Jhc cuu8 8ppc8 O 8tt COuttuuc tO bc cgtttm8tc Ouy whcu, 8 tu Uctg La/a
Ot tu thc wOtk O Pudt0 %8Ou, tt t thc bc8tct Ot 8 uuCttOu O thc COutcut t8thct
th8u 8u cud tu ttc. Luc O thc dtBCuttc O ucw 8tt t hOw tO COmbtuc thc
dctdct8tum O tutcm8 COhctcuCc, whtCh 8w8y tmpOtt 8 Cctt8tu dcgtcc O cVt-
dcut pOth tutO thc wOtk, wtth OppOtttOu tO thc Cutu8ty ccmcut. bOmcttmc thc
wOtk tcquttc thc Cutu8ty, whtc p8t8dOXtC8y thc cuOttum b8k 8t tt.
PAKlPOMNA | 277
j 0cDBIBg 8Il 8S SOmclhIBg SQIIIlu8, hOWcVcI, lhc ScBSu8 ccmcBl IS BOl SImQj
Bcg8lc0. VcB lhc IBSIghl, h8I0j 8B8Ihcm8 lO II80IlIOB8 8cSlhclICS, Ih8l 8cSlhclI-
C8j OBj Wh8l IS Ic8IZc0 IB ScBSu8 m8lcII8 COuBlS, IS SuQcIDCI8. h8l h8S
DccB 8llIIDulc0 lO lhc hIghcSl 8IlWOIKS 8S mcl8QhjSIC8 QOWcI h8S, OVcI mIcBBI8,
DcB Sc0 WIIh 8B ccmcBl O ScBSuOuS h8QQIBcSS lh8l 8ulOBOmOuS OIm8lIOB h8S
8W8jS OQQOSc0. hIS OBj Dj gI8Cc O lh8l ccmcBl lh8l M IS IBlcImIllcBlj 8Dc lO
DcCOmc 8B Im8gc O DISS. hc COmOIlIBg mOlhcIj h8B0 lh8l SlIOKcS OBcS h8II
gIVcS ScBSuOuS Qc8SuIc. XlIcmc SQulu8Ilj IcVcIScS IBlO lhc QhjSIC8. B IlS
purtiprisOI ScBSu8 8QQc8I8BCc, lI80IlIOB8 8cSlhclICS ScBSc0 SOmclhIBg lh8l h8S
SIBCc DccB OSl, Dul lOOK Il lOO Immc0I8lcj. IUOul Ihc h8ImOBIOuS SOBOIIlj O 8
SIIIBg Qu8Ilcl, lhc L-D8l-m8]OI Q8SS8gc O lhc SOW mOVcmcBl O cclhOVcBS OQ.
JV, BO. 1 , WOu0 BOl h8Vc Uc QOWcI O COBSO8lIOB. hc QIOmISc lh8l Ihc COBlcBl
IS Ic8~WhICh m8KcS Il Uulh COBlcBl~IS DOuB0 uQ WIlh lhc ScBSu8. McIc 8Il IS 8S
m8lcII8ISlIC 8S IS 8 mcl8QhjSIC8 Uulh. h8l lO08j lhIS ccmcBl IS QIOSCIIDc0
QIOD8Dj IBVOVcS lhc IIuc CIISIS O 8Il. IlhOul IcCOcClIOB O IhIS ccmcBl, hOW-
cVcI, lhcIc WOu0 BO OBgcI Dc 8Il, 8Bj mOIc lh8B I 8Il 8D8B0OBc0 IlSc cBlIIcj lO
lhc ScBSu8.
PIlWOIKS 8c lhIBgS lh8l lcB0 lO SOugh O lhcII IcIlj. MOWcVcI, IB 8IlWOIKS lhc
8cSlhclIC IS BOl SuQcIImQOSc0 OB Ihc lhIBg IB SuCh 8 8ShIOB Ih8l, gIVcB 8 SOI0
OuB08lIOB, lhcII SQIIIl COu0 cmcIgc. SScBlI8 lO 8IlWOIKS IS lh8l lhcII lhIBgj
SlIuCluIc, Dj VIIluc O IlS COBSlIlulIOB, m8KcS lhcm IBlO Wh8l IS BOl 8 lhIBg, lhcII
IcIlj IS lhc mc0Ium O lhcII OWB U8BSCcB0cBCc. hc lWO 8Ic mc0I8lc0 IB c8Ch
OlhcI. hc SQIIIl O 8IlWOIKS IS COBSlIlulc0 IB lhcII IcIlj, 8B0 lhcII IcIlj, lhc cXIS-
lcBCc O WOIKS, OIIgIB8lcS IB lhcII SQIIIl.
PS Icg8I0S OIm, 8IlWOIKS 8Ic lhIBgS IBSO8I 8S lhc OD]cClIV8lIOB lh8l lhcj gIVc
lhcmScVcS IcScmDcS Wh8l IS IB-IlSc, Wh8l IcSlS WIUIB IlSc 8B0 0clcDIBcS IlSc,
8B0 lhIS h8S IIS mDc IB lhc cmQIIIC8 WOI0 O IhIBgS, IB0cc0 Dj VIIluc O lhcII uBIlj
lhIOugh lhc SjBIhcSIZIBg SQIIIl, lhcj DCOmc SQIIIlu8IZc0 OBj lhIOugh IhcII IcIDC8-
lIOB, ]uSl 8S lhcII SQulu8 ccmcBl 8B0 lhcII DIlj 8Ic mc0c0 lOgclhcI, lhcII SQIIIl, Dj
WhICh lhcj U8BSCcB0 lhcmScVcS, IS 8l lhc S8mc lImc lhcII clh8Ilj. hIS Ihcj h8Vc
ImQICIlj 8W8jS DODc IB lhcmScVcS, 8B0 IBcuCl8Dc IcHcClIOB h8S cXQOSc0 Il.
P8IIOW ImIlS 8Ic Scl lO lhc lhIBg Ch8I8ClcI O 8Il. B lhc lcmQOI8 8IlS cSQcCI8j,
IB SQIlc O lhc OD]cClIV8lIOB O lhcII lcXlS, IhcII BOB-lhIBgj Qu8Ilj SuIVIVcS IB lhc
mOmcBl8IIBcSS O lhcII 8QQc8I8BCc. h8l 8 QIcCc O muSIC OI 8 Q8j IS WIIlIcB
0OWB Dc8IS 8 COBlI80IClIOB lh8l lhc ScBSOIIu0 IcCOgBIZcS IB lhc IcQucBCj WIlh
WhICh lhc SQccChcS O 8ClOIS OB Sl8gc IIBg 8Sc DcC8uSc lhcj 8c ODIgc0 lO cBuB-
CI8lc SOmclhIBg 8S I Il WcIc SQOBl8BcOuS cVcB lhOugh Il IS ImQOSc0 Dj lhc lcXl.
ul lhc OD]cClIV8lIOB O muSIC8 SCOIcS M0 0I8m8lIC lcXlS C8BBOl Dc SummOBc0
D8CK lO ImQIOVIS8lIOB.
2T8 L PAKlPOMENA
Jhc Cttsts O 8tt, whtCh h8s tOd8y tc8Chcd thc pOtnt O cnd8ngcttng tts vcty pOsst-
bttty, 8cCts bOth O tts pcs cqu8y. Ln mc Onc hmd tts mcmtng 8nd thctcby
csscntt8y tts spttttu8 COntcnt, 8nd On thc Othct tts cXptcsstOn 8nd thctcby tts
mtmcttC ccmcnt. Lnc dcpcnds On thc Othct. Jhctc ts nO cXptcsstOn wtthOut mc8n-
tng, wtthOut thc mcdtum O spttttu8tZ8ttOn, nO mc8ntng wtthOut thc mtmcttC cc-
mcnt: wtthOut 8tts cOucnCc,^ whtCh ts nOw tn thc ptOCcss O pttshtng.
PAKALPOMNA
/
7

PcthcttC dtt8nCc tOm n8l0tc t 8 mOVcmcnt tOw8td n8tutc, tn tht, tdc8tm dtd
nOt dcCctVc ttc. Jhc tcO O n8tutc, thc OC8 pOtnt tOw8td whtCh thc OtCc Hcd
O 8tt 8tc Otg8ntZcd, COmpc 8tI tOw8td cmb8nCc, tO thc COnCc8mcnt O wh8t tn
tt bcOng tO mc cXtcm8 wOtd O thtng.
Ucn8mtn dtCtum-th8t thc p8t8dOX O 8n 8ttwOtk t th8t t t 8ppc8t

-t by nO
mc8n 8 cntgm8ttC 8 tt m8y Ound. LVcty 8ttwOtk t tn 8Ct 8n OXymOtOn. t
Own tc8tty t Ot tt untc8, tt t tndtctcnt tO wh8t uccntt8y t, 8nd 8t thc 8mc
ttmc tt t tt Own ptcCOndtttOn, tn thc COntcXt O tc8tty tt t 8 thc mOtc untc8 8nd
ChtmcttC8. Jhc cncmtc O 8tl h8Vc 8w8y undcttOOd tht bcltct th8n thOc O tt
8pOOgtt whO h8Vc huttcy Ought tO dcny tt COntttuttVc p8t8dOX. PcthcttC
t pOwctc m8t cck tO dtOVc thc COntttuttVc COntt8dtCttOn t8thct th8n COn-
CctVtng O 8tl by w8y O tt. Jhc tc8tty 8nd untc8tty O 8tlwOtk 8tc nOt 8yct
upcttmpOcd On c8Ch Othct, t8thct, thcy tntctpcncu8tc cVcrythtng tn 8tt tO 8n
cqu8 dcgtcc. A8ttwOtk t tc8 Ony tO thc cXtcnt th8t, 8 m 8ttwOtk, tt t untc8 ,
c-uhCtcnt, 8nd dtctcntt8tcd hOm thc cmptttC8 wOtId, O whtCh tt ncVctmc-
c tcm8tn 8 p8tl. Uut tt untc8tty-tt dctctmtn8ttOn 8 ptttt-Ony cXtt tO
thc cXtcnt th8t tt h8 bcCOmc tc8, nOthtng tn 8n 8tlwOtk COunt th8t t nOt thctc tn
8n tndtVtdu8tcd Om. n 8cthcttC cmb8nCc thc 8tlwOtk t8kc up 8 t8nCc tOw8td
tc8Itty, whtCh tt ncg8tc by bcCOmtng 8 tc8tty ut gcnctt. P ptOtct 8g8tnt
tc8tty by tt Own ObcCttV8ttOn.
NO m8ttct whctc 8n tntctptctct cntct ht tcXt, hc 8w8y cnCOuntct 8 bOundc
ptO!0tOn O dctdct8t8 th8t hc mut uH , 8thOugh tt t tmpOtbc tO uH 8ny
Onc O thcm wtthOut C8utng 8nOthct tO uct, hc t0n up 8g8tnt thc tnCOmp8tt-
bttty O wh8t thc wOtk thcmcVc w8nt tn thctt Own tctm, 8nd wh8t thcy w8nt
O htm, thc COmptOmtc lh8t tcut, hOwcVct, 8tc dcutmcnt8 bcC8uc O thc
tndtctcnCc tnhctcnt tn tndcCttOn. uy 8dcqu8tc tntcqtct8ttOn t 8 Chtmct8.
Jht t nOt thc c8t O wh8t gt8nt pttm8Cy tO thc tdc8 tc8dtng OVct pctOtmtng.
Ot tc8dtng-8nd tn tht tt t COmp8t8bc tO OCkc` tn8mOu untVct8 ttt8ngc-
tOct8tc thc COXttcnCc O OppOttc bcC8uc tt t 8t OnCc cnuOu 8nd nOncn-
uOu tntutttOn. Jht p8t8dOX O 8n 8tlwOtk bcCOmc 8pp8tcnt tn 8 g8thcttng
O dcVOtcc 8tOund 8n 8tltt IO whOm 8 p8tttCu8t ptObcm Ot dthCuty h8 bccn
n8Vcy pOtntcd Out tn 8 wOtk tn ptOgtc, whctcupOn hc tum tO ht tntctOCutOt
wtlh 8 COndcCcndtng, dcpct8tc mtc 8nd tcptc. Uut th8t ut thc tttCkl` Hc
tcbukc Onc whO knOw nOthtng O thc COntttuttVc tmpOtbttty undct whtCh hc
wOtk, 8nd mOum OVct thc 8 pttOtt utttty O ht cOtl. Jhc 8Ct th8t hc trtc tt
ncVctlhcc t thc dtgntty O 8 VtrluOO dcpttc 8 thc cXhtbtttOntm 8nd lhc
tt8tntng 8tct ccCt. NttluOtty hOud nOt COnHnc ttc tO thc tcptOduCttOn O
8 wOtk but hOud, t8thct, uy cntct thc 8Ctutc, whtCh tt t COmpccd tO dO by
tt ubtm8ttOn. NttluOtty m8kc thc p8t8dOXtC8 ccnCc O 8tl, thc pOtbttty O
thc tmpOtbc, 8ppc8t. NttluOO 8tc thc m8tlyr O 8tlwOtk, tn m8ny O thctt
28 ' PAKlPMNA
8ChIcVcmculS, WhclhcI lhDSc D D8cIIu8S DI CDDI8luI8 SDQI8uDS, SDmclhIug
S80ISlIC h8SDcCDmcSc0Imculc0,SDmc lI8CcSDlhclDIluIcIcQuIIc0lDCM jIlDul.
1l IS uD CDIuCI0cuCc lh8l lhcu8mc 8IlISl ISDDHcDDlhDj lDcCIICuS QcIDImcI
8u0 Duc WhD h8S mDSl luDc0 8W8j IDm ccCl, WhD Ch8mQIDuS lhc 8u08CIDuS
I0c8 D8Il, lD uD IlS QuIc CDuCcQl. lhc DgIC8Ilj D8IlWDIKS IS 8SD 8W8jS
lhcIIcucmj,lhc8DSuI0CDuSlIlulcSlhcCDuulcIlcu0cuCjlD DgIC8IljcVcuIuU80I-
lIDu8 M,Dug DcDIc IlDC8mc 8QhIDSDQhIC8 QIDgI8m, lhIS ISQIDDlh8l Iu 8Il
8DSDulc DgIC8Ilj IS cmQlj. hcIc IS uD ucl uu0cI 8ulhculIC 8IlWDIKS lh8l CDu0
QIDlcCllhcmIulhcII8.
Iu8u8IlWDIK 8QIDCcSS D0cVcDQmculIS DD]cClIV8lc0 8u0 DIDughllD8ucQuI-
IDIIum,lhISDD]cClIV8lIDulhcIcDjucg8lcSlhcQDCcSS8u0Ic0uCcSIllD8mcIc8S-I,
lhISISQIDD8DjWhjIulhc W8KcDUcCDulcmQDI8IjIcDcIDuD8Il8g8IuSlScm-
D8uCclhcDImSD8cSlhclICDD]cClIV8lIDuh8VcDccuIc]cClc0 8u0lhc8llcmQlW8S
m80clD IcQ8Cc 8 mcIcj SImu8lc0QIDCcSS D0cVcDQmcul WIlh 8u ImHc0I8lc,
ImQIDVIS8lIDu8 QIDCcSS DDcCDmIug,cVcu lhDugh lhcQDWcIDM, IlS 0ju8mIC
ccmcul,CDu0uDlcXISl WIlhDulSuCh DX8lIDu8u0 lhuS WIlhDulIlS ScmD8uCc.
LuI8lIDu DlhclI8uSIcul,8u ccmcul D8Il lh8l 8llhc S8mc lImc QcIQclu8lcS lhc
mImclIChcIIl8gc,IS Duc Dlhc C8lcgDIIcSlh8l08lcSD8CKlD QIImcV8 lImcS.u lhc
]u0gmculDm8uj 8ulhDIS,lhc Im8gc IlSc,Icg8I0cSS Dlhc cVc D0IcIculI8-
lIDu DIlSCDulcul,IS8QhcuDmcuDuDIcgcucI8lIDu.IDDcBIuSIcQDIlS DQjgmIcS
WhD 8llhcmDmcul DSuBIISc 0DWlhc8uIm8lh8llhcjWDu08lcIKI IuDI0cI
lD IcSuDcCl Il Iu8 hIghcI ScuSc lhc DDWIug mDDug8lcIlhc IIlu8 Smc8IIugD
lhc Im8gcWIlhDDD08u0 h8II . . . huSlhc QICluIcS Dlhc 8uIm8S IcQIcScullhcII
ImmDIl8IZ8lIDu 8u0 8QDlhcDSIS, ccClIVcj I8ISIug lhcm IulD lhc DIm8mcul 8S
clcD8 Sl8IS.
'
Xcl Il IS 8QQ8Icul lh8lQIcCIScj Iuc8Ij hISlDIjlhc 8ChIcVcmcul
D0uI8lIDu W8S 8CCDmQ8uIc0 Dj CDuSCIDuSucSS DIlS ulIIlj, QcIh8QS cVcu lh8l
SuCh 0uI8lIDuIulhc SQIIIl Dlhc QIDhIDIlIDuDugI8VcuIm8gcSW8S lIc0uQWIlh
8 ScuSc D guIllDW8I0lhc IVIug.PCCDI0Iug lD8lhcIHcSCh,lhc mDSl 8ICh8IC
QcIID0 W8S 0DmIu8lc0 Dj 8 m8IKc0 c8I D QDIU8jIug hum8u DcIugS. Luc
CDu0 Wc SuQQDSc lh8lc8IjDulhc uDBIcQIC8lDIj 8cSlhclIC Im8gcSWcIc8Ic80j
DlcIc0lhIDugh8QIDhIDIlIDuDuIm8gcS,8l8DDD. LVculhc8ulIm8gIC8ccmculD
8Ilh8S 8m8gIC8DIIgIu.hIS IS Iu0IC8lc0DjlhcuD cSS 8uCIculIIlu8 0cSUClIDu
Dlhc Im8gc. Pl lhc VcIj c8Sl lhc Im8gc ShDu0 Dc8Im8IKS D0cSlIuClIDu SD
lh8llhc8uIm8WDu0uDDugcI`ID8m8DDul.` `' '
/
hISl8DDDDIIgIu8lcSIu8c8ID
lhc 0c80,WhICh W8S 8mDlIV8lIDuDIcmD8mIugUcmIuDI0cISDlD SQc8KlD
KccQlhcm8IVc.hcIc ISmuChlD 8VDIlhcSQcCu8lIDu lh8l lhcI0c8D8cSlhclIC
0uI8lIDu0cVcDQc0DulDlhc QIDCcSSDmummIDC8lIDu.hIS IS SuDSl8ulI8lc0Dj
tcIX bQcIScISIcSc8ICh Du WDD0 DguIIucS Dlhc cW McDII0cS,`lD WhICh IIlZ
I8uSc IccIS. `hc Iuc D 0cVcDQmcul c0 IDm mummIDc0 DguIcS lD cX8Cl
DD0IjIcQIC8lIDuSIuDguIc 8u0SKuSl8lucS,8u0HDmSKuSmDuulc0DuQDcSlD
PAKALlPOMENA
_
2B!
WDD0cu 8u0 lIcc-cD Sl8lucS.'" bQcIScI IulcIQIclS lhIS ShIl 8S 8 !I8uSIlIDu HDm
lhc QIcScIV8lIDu 8u0 SImu8lIDu D lhc DD0Ij QIcScuCc D lhc 0c80 lD lhc SjmDDIC
Iu0IC8lIDu D lhcII QIcScuCc, 8u0 lhIS CDuSlIlulcS lhc U8uSIlIDu lD lhc Sl8!uc Iu lhc
QtDQcI ScuSc D lhc lcIm.'` hIS lI8uSIlIDu m8j Wc Dc lh8l D lhc ucDIlhIC ScQ8-
I8lIDu D m8lcII8 8u0 DIm, lhc DIIgIu D SIguIDC8lIDu. Luc D lhc mD0cS D 8Il
H8j Dc lhc CDIQSc Iu IlS lI8uSDXc0 8u0 ImQcIISh8Dc DIm. u th8l C8Sc, lhc IcIDC8-
lIDu D lhc DImcIj IVIug WDu0 08lc D8CK lD QIImDI0I8 lImcS, 8S 0I0 lhc IcVDl
8g8IuSl 0c8lh 8 m8gIC8 u8luIc-DDuu0 QI8ClICc.
PS ScmD8uCc QcIIShcS Iu 8II, lhc CuluIc Iu0uSlIj h8S 0cVcDQc0 8u IuS8lI8Dc Iu-
SIDuISm, Uc ulIm8lc DIm D WhICh MuXcj CDuSlIuClc0 Iu lhc "/ee lies"D hIS
ruveNewwcdd,lhc 8cIgj lD ScmD8uCc IuuS Iu CDuulcIQDIul lD IlS CDmmcICI8
DmuIQDlcuCc. hc cImIu8lIDu D ScmD8uCc IS lhc DQQDSIlc D Vug8I CDuCcQlIDuS
D Ic8ISm, WhICh Iu lhc CuluIc Iu0uS!Ij IS lhc cX8Cl CDmQcmcul D ScmD8uCc.
LVcI SIuCc lhc DcgIuuIug D lhc mD0cD 8gc 8u0 lhc cmcIgcuCc D lhc Sc-HcClIug
0IIcmQlIDu D SuD]cCl 8u0 DD]cCl, DDuIgcDIS Ic8Ilj ~Iu SQIlc D lhc ImIl8lIDuS Scl
Dj IlS IuCDmQIchcuSIDIIlj h8S h80 8 U8Cc D uuIc8Ilj, D lhc IuSDIj, ]uSl 8S Iu
QhIDSDQhj Ic8Ilj DcC8mc 8 WcD D SuD]cClIVc 0clcImIu8lIDuS. hc mDIc IIIIl8lIug
lhIS IuSDIIucSS, lhc mDIc DDSlIu8lcj 0I0 CDuSCIDuSucSS VcI lhc Ic8Ilj D lhc Ic8.
P, Du lhc DlhcI h8u0, QDSIlc0 IlSc 8S ScmD8uCc, 8I mDIc cmQh8lIC8j lh8u Iu
QIcVIDuS QcIID0S, Whcu Il W8S uDl Sh8IQj 0ISlIuguIShc0 IDm 0cSCIIQlIDu 8u0 Ic-
QDIlIug. D lhIS cXlcul Il S8DDl8gcS lhc 8Sc C8Im lD Ic8Ilj D 8 WDI0 0DmIu8lc0
Dj lhc SuD]cCl, lhc WDI0 D lhc CDmmD0Ilj. hIS IS !hc CIjSl8IZ8lIDu D 8II S lIulh
CDulcul, Il SclS Ic8Ilj IulD DIc Dj lhc ScQDSIlIug D ScmD8uCc. huS Scm-
D8uCc ScIVcS lIulh.
PIclZSChc C8c0 DI 8u 8ulImc!8QhjSIC8 Dul 8IIISlIC QhIDSDQhj. ' " hIS WDu0
Dc 8 mIX D 8u0c8IIcS spleenWIlh 1aendstil, WIlh 8 SuDlc 8DSuI0Ilj. 8S I 8Il
WDu0 DDcj lhc cmQh8lIC C8Im D lhIS 0IClum I Il WcIc uDl lhc McgcI8u uuD0-
Iug D lIulh M0 IlSc 8 DIl D lhc mcl8QhjSICS PIclZSChc CDu0cmuc0. hcIc IS uDlh-
Iug mDIc 8ulI-8IlISlIC lh8u IIgDHuS QDSIlIVISm. PIclZSChc KucW !h8l Wc. h8l hc
8DWc0 lhc CDulI80IClIDu lD Sl8u0 WIlhDul 0cVcDQIug Il DlS Wc WIlh 8u0c8IIc S
Cul D lhc Ic 8u0 lhc ChImcIIC8, 8cII8 CDuCcQl D lhc Dc8ulIu I u DScu. PIclZSChc,
lh8l mDSl CDuSISlcul DguIc D cuIghlcumcul, 0I0 uDl 0cCcIVc hImSc lh8l ShccI
CDuSIS!cuCj 0cSUDjS lhc mDlIV8lIDu 8u0 mc8uIug D cuIghlcumcul. H8lhcI lh8u
C8IIjIug Dul lhc Sc-IccClIDu O cuIghlcumcul, hc QcIQclI8lc0 Duc CDuCcQlu8
ccapde min8lcI lhc DlhcI. hcj cXQIcSS lh8l lIulh IlSc, lhc I0c8 D WhICh KIu-
0cS cuIghlcumcul, 0DcS uDl cXISl WIlhDul ScmD8uCc, WhICh Il ucVcIIhccSS W8ulS
lD cXlIQ8lc DI lhc S8Kc D !Iulh, WIlh lhIS ccmcul D Ulh 8Il Sl8u0S Iu SDI08IIlj.
282 ' PAkMNA
P IS 0IIcClc0lDW8I0Uulh,IlISuDl IlScImmc0I8lclIulh,lD lhIS cXlcullIulhIS IlS
CDulcul.jIlSIc8lIDulDUlh,8HISKuDWc0gc,8IlIlScKuDWSlIulhIulh8llIulh
cmcIgcS lhIDugh Il. PS KuDWc0gc, hDWcVcI, 8Il IS ucIlhcI 0ISCuISIVc uDI IS IlS
Uulh lhcIcHcClIDuD8u DD]cCl.
bhDu0cI-ShIuggIug 8cSlhclIC Ic8lIVISm IS IlSc IcIDc0 CDuSCIDuSucSS, Il IS uDl
SD muCh 8mc8uChDj SKcQlICISmCDuSCIDuS D IlS DWu IuC8Q8CIlj 8S IcSculmcul
D8IlSC8ImlDUulh,8C8Imlh8ljcl8DuccgIlIm8lc0lh8lgIc8lucSSD8IlWDIKS
WIlhDul lhc clIShIZ8lIDu D WhICh lhc Ic8lIVISlS WDu0 h8Vc uDlhIug lD 0ISCuSS.
hcIICDmQDIlmcul ISIcIDc0 Iu lh8l IlIS Q8SSIVcj cXlcH8 8u0 mD0cc0Du CDu-
SumQlIDuI8UcIlh8ulh8lIlculcISIulD lhc mDVcmculDlhDSc 8IlWDIKS IuWhICh
lhc QucSlIDu D lhcII Uulh DcCDmcS CDuCuSIVc. Hc8lIVISm IS lhc SQIl-D Sc-
IcHcClIDuDlhcISD8lc0SuD]cCl8u08S SuChIu0IcIcullDlhc WDIK.LVcu 8cSlhcl-
IC8j Il IS h8I0j cVcI mc8ul Iu c8cSl, c8cSlucSS IS ]uSl Wh8l Il Du0S uuDc8I-
8Dc. hDcVcI S8jS D 8u cXQcDmcul8 ucW WDIK lh8l Il IS ImQDSSIDc lD ]u0gc
SuCh 8 lhIug Im8gIucS lh8l hIS IuCDmQIchcuSIDu h8S ccClIVcj 8uuIhI8lc0 lhc
WDIK.h8l lhcIc Mc lhDSc WhDQcIQclu8j cug8gc Iu 8cSlhclIC 8IgumculS,8 lhc
WhIcIu0IcIcul8S lDlhcQDSIlIDu lhcj h8Vc l8Kcu,VIS-8-VIS8cSlhclICS,IS 8mDIc
CDmQcIug IcHl8lIDu D Ic8lIVISm lh8u 8uj QhIDSDQhIC8 IcDull8. hc I0c8 D
8cSlhclIC Uulh Du0S ]uSlICc DI IlScIu SQIlc D8u0 Iu IlS QIDDcm8lIC.MDWcVcI,
lhc SUDugcSl SuQQDIl DI lhc CIIlIQuc D 8cSlhclIC Ic8lIVISm ISlhc 0cDuIlIVcucSS
DlcChuIC8 QucSlIDuS. hc 8ulDm8lIC8j lIIggcIc0 IcSQDuSc lh8l lcChuIQuc m8j
Iu0cc0 QcImIl C8lcgDIIC8 ]u0gmculS,Dul lh8l ucIlhcI 8Il uDI IlS CDulcul 0D, 0Dg-
m8lIC8y dIVIdc8 lhc 8llcI Om lcChnIQuc. MOWcVcI CcIl8In Il I8 lh8l 8IlWOIk8 8Ic
mDIc lh8u lhc QuIulcSScuCc DlhcIIQIOc0uIcS,WhICh IS lD S8j lhcII lcChuIQuc,
Il IS]uSl 8S CcIl8Iulh8llhcj h8Vc DD]cClIVc CDulcul Duj IuSD8I 8S Il 8QQc8IS Iu
lhcm,8u0lhISDCCuISSDcjDjlhcSUcuglhDlhcQuIulcSScuCcDlhcIIlcChuIQuc.
lS DgIC c80Slhc W8j lD 8cSlhclIC lIuU. LcIl8Iuj uD CDulIuuum SDlChcS HDm
8cSlhclIC QIcCcQlS c8c0 Iu SChDD lD 8cSlhclIC]0gmcul, jcl cVcu lhc 0ISCDulI-
uuIlj DlhIS U8]cClDIj DDcjS 8ucCcSSIlj. hc hIghcSl QucSlIDuS Dlhc Uulh D8
WDIKC8u Dc U8uS8lc0 IulDC8lcgDIIcS DIlS CDhcIcuCc. ' hculhIS ISuDl QDSSI-
Dc, lhDughl Ic8ChcS Duc Dlhc DDuu08IIcS Dhum8uIcSUIClc0ucSS DcjDu0 lhc
ImIl8lIDuDlhc]u0gmculDl8Slc
,
hc Imm8ucul CDhcIcuCc D MlWDIKS 8u0lhcIImcl8-8cSlhclIC Uulh CDuVcIgc Iu
lhcIIUulhCDulcul.hISlIuUWDu0 Dc SImQj 0IDQQc0 IDm hc8Vcu Iulhc S8mc
W8j 8S W8S |cIDuIZSQIccSl8DIShc0h8ImDuj, WhICh QIcSuQQDScS8lI8uSCcu0cul
CIc8lDI,IIlWcIcuDllh8llhc 0cVcDQmculDlhcImm8uculCDhcIcuCcD8IlWDIKS
ScIVcS Uulh,lhc Im8gc D8u Iu-IlSclh8l lhcj lhcmScVcS C8uuDl Dc.8IlWDIKS
SUIVc 8cI 8u DD]cClIVc lIulh, Il IS mc0I8lc0 lD lhcm lhIDugh lhc HDmcul D
lhcII DWu 8WuucSS.h8l 8IlWDIKS uD lhcII lIulh DcllcI lhc mDIc lhcj uD
lhcmScVcS.hISISlhcPII80uI8ulhIc80DjWhIChlhcjcclhcIIW8jlhIDughlhcII
PAKOMLNA c 28J
IuucI 08IKucSS. ul lhIS IS uO Sc!-0cCcQlIOu. OI lhcII 8ul8IChj OII_Iu8lc0 Iu Wh8l
Ihcj lhcmScVcS 8Ic uOl. hc QIOlOhISlOIj O 8IlWOIKS IS lhc IuUO0uClIOu O lhc
C8lc_OIIcS O lhc Ic8 IulO lhcII ScmD!8uCc. MOWcVcI, lhc mOVcmcul O Ihc C8lc-
_OIIcS Iu lhc 8ulOuOmj O lhc WOIK IS uOl 0cDuc0 SO!c!j Dj lhc !8WS O lhIS Scm-
D!8uCc, I8lhcI, lhcj QIcScIVc lhc 0IIcClIOu8 COuSl8ulS lh8l lhcj IcCcIVc0 IOm lhc
cXlcD8! WOI0. hc QucSlIOu QOSc0 Dj 8IlWOIKS IS hOW lhc lIulh O Ic8!Ilj C8u
DcCOmc lhcII OWu lIuU. hc C8uOu O lhIS lI8uSOIm8lIOu IS uuUulh. hcII QuIc
cXISlcuCc CIIlICIZcS lhc cXISlcuCc O 8 SQIIIl lh8l cXC!uSIVcj m8uIQu!8lcS IlS OlhcI.
h8l IS SOCI8j uuUuc, 8Wc0, 8u0 I0cOO_IC8! IS COmmuuIC8lc0 lO lhc SIIuCluIc
O 8WOIKS 8Wc0, Iu0clcImIu8lc, 8u0 Iu80cQu8lc. OI lhc m8uucI Iu WhICh
8IlWOIKS Ic8Cl, lhcII OD]cClIVc 8llIlu0c lOW8I0 OD]cClIVIlj, Icm8IuS 8u 8llIlu0c
lOW8I0 Ic8!Ilj.
!

Pu 8IIWOIK IS 8!W8jS IlSc! 8u0 SImul8ucOuSj lhc OlhcI O IlSc!. buCh OlhcDcSS
C8u !c80 8SlI8j, DcC8uSc lhc COuSlIlulIVc mcl8-8cSlhclIC ccmcul VO!8lIIZcS lhc
IuSl8ul Ouc Qu!S Il 8W8j IOm lhc 8cSlhclIC 8u0 Im8_IucS lh8l Ouc hO0S Il ISO!8lc0
Iu Ouc S h8u0S.
hc IcCcul hISlOIIC8 lcu0cuCj lO cmQh8SIZc lhc WOIK IlSc, Iu OQQOSIlIOu lO lhc
SuD]cCl8l !c8Sl lO lhc SuD]cCl S m8uIcSl8lIOu Iu lhc WOIKuIlhcI uu0cImIucS
lhc 0ISlIuClIOu O MlWOIKS IOm Ic8Ilj, Iu SQIlc O lhc SuD]cClIVc OII_Iu O lhIS lcu-
0cuCj. uCIc8SIu_j, WOIKS 8CQuIIc 8 ScCOu0-OI0cI cXISlcuCc lh8l ODSCuIcS Wh8l IS
hum8u Iu Ucm. buD]cClIVIlj 0IS8QQc8IS IulO 8IIWOIKS 8S lhc IuSUumcul O lhcII
OD]cClIV8lIOu. hc SuD]cClIVc Im8_Iu8lIOu, O WhICh 8IlWOIKS 8S cVcI Sl8u0 Iu
ucc0, DcCOmcS IcCO_uIZ8Dc 8S lhc luDIu_ D8CK O lhc OD]cClIVc OulO lhc SuD]cCl
8u0 O lhc ucCcSSIlj O _u8I0Iu_ lhc !Iuc O 0cm8IC8lIOu 8IOuu0 lhc 8IIWOIK. m8_-
n8lOn Is lhc C8Q8CIl lO dO lhIs. 1l sh8Qcs wh8l tcQOscs n lsc! t8lhct lh8n
8IDIU8IIj COuCDlIu_ OImS, 0cl8I!S, 8D!cS, OI Wh8lcVcI. u0cc0, lhc lIulh O 8Il
WOIKS C8uuOl Dc OlhcIWISc COuCcIVc0 lh8u Iu lh8l Wh8l IS lI8uSSuD]cClIVc DcCOmcS
Ic808D!c Iu lhc SuD]cClIVc!j Im8_Iuc0 IuIlSc!. hc mc0I8lIOu O lhc U8uSSuD]cC
lIVc IS lhc 8IlWOIK.
hc mc0I8lIOu DclWccu lhc COulcul O 8IlWOIKS 8u0 lhcII COmQOSIlIOu IS SuD]cC
lIVc mc0I8lIOu. l COuSISlS uOl Ou!j Iu lhc 8DOI 8u0 SlIu__c O OD]cClIV8lIOu. h8l
_OcS DcjOu0 SuD]cClIVc IulculIOu m0 IlS 8IDIU8IIucSS h8S 8 CODc!8lIVc OD]cClIVIlj
WIlhIu lhc SuD]cCl. Iu lhc OIm O lh8l SuD]cClS cXQcIIcuCcS, IuSO8I 8S lhcII !OCuS
IS SIlu8lc0 DcjOu0 lhc COuSCIOuS WI. PS lhcII Sc0Imcul8lIOu, 8IlWOIKS 8Ic Im8_c-
cSS Im8_cS, 8u0 lhcSc cXQcIIcuCcS mOCK IcQIcScul8lIOu8 0cQIClIOu. hcII IuucI-
V8lIOu 8u0 Ic_ISU8lIOu IS lhc SuD]cClIVc Q8lh lO lIulh COulcul. hc Ou!j 80cQu8lc
COuCcQl O Ic8!ISm, WhICh uO 8Il lO08j 08Ic Shuu, WOu0 Dc 8u uuHIuChIu_ D0c!Ilj
lO lhcSc cXQcIIcuCcS. tOVI0c0 lhcj _O 0ccQ!j cuOu_h, lhcj lOuCh Ou hISlOIIC8!
COuSlc!8lIOuS D8CK O lhc 8C80cS O Ic8!Ilj 8u0QSjChO!O_j. JuSl lhc IulcIQIcl8-
284 PARALlPOMENA
!IDu D U80IlIDu8 QhIDSDQhj muSl cXC8V8lc !hc cXQcIIcuCcS !h8l mDlIV8lc0 lhc
C8lcgDD8 8QQ8I8luS M0 0c0uClIVc ScQucuCcS Iu !hc DISl Q8Cc, lhc IulcI[Icl8lIDu
D 8IlWDIKS QucU8lcS lD lhIS SuD]cC!IVcj cXQcIIcuCc0 KcDc D cXQcIIcuCc, WhICh
gDcS DcjDu0 lhc SuD]cCl, IulcIQIcl8lIDu lhcIcDj DDcjS lhc CDuVcIgcuCc D QhIDSD-
Qhj 8u0 8Il Iu Ulh CDulcul. hcIc8S Il IS lhIS Uulh CDulcul lh8l 8IlWDIKS SQc8K
Iu lhcmScVcS, DjDu0 lhcII mc8uIug, Il l8KcS Sh8Qc Iu lh8l 8IlWDIKS Sc0Imcul hIS-
lDIIC8 cXQcIIcuCcS Iu lhcII CDuDguI8lIDu, 8u0 !hIS IS uDl QDSSIDc cXCcQl Dj W8j D
!hc SuD]cCl. hc !Iulh CDulcul IS uD 8DSU8Cl Iu-IlSc. hc Uulh D ImQDIl8ul WDIKS
D 8Sc CDuSCIDuSucSS IS SIlu8lc0 Iu !hc gcSluIc WIlh WhICh lhcj Iu0IC8lc lhc
SlIcug!h D !hIS 8Sc CDuSCIDuSucSS 8S IucSC8Q8Dc, uDl Iu Immc0I8lcj QDSScSSIug
8S lhcII CDulcul lhc lhcDIclIC8 Uulh, 8lhDugh Iu0cc0 lhc uu8Djc0 QDIlI8j8 D
8Sc CDuSCIDuSucSS IIIcSIS!IDj m8KcS lhc !I8uSIlIDu lD !Iuc CDuSCIDuSucSS.
hc C8Im lh8l lhc mcl8QhjSIC8 CDulcul D !hc SDW mDVcmcul D cclhDVcu S
Qu8Ilcl DQ. JV, uD. , muSl Dc lIuc QIDVDKcS lhc DD]cClIDu lh8l Wh8l I S U0c I u I l IS
lhc DugIug, Dul U8l !h8l 80cS QDWcIcSSj IulD uDlhIugucSS. h, Iu IcSQDuSc, Il
WcIc IuSISlc0 lh8l !hcIc IS uD jc8DIug cXQIcSSc0 Iu lh8l -H8l Q8SS8gc, lhc 8SScI-
lIDu WDu0 h8Vc 8u DDVIDuSj 8QDDgclIC IIug lh8l CDu0 Wc Dc mcl Dj lhc DD]cC-
lIDu lh8l QIcCIScj DcC8uSc Il 8QQc81S 8S I Il WcIc Uc Il muSl Dc 8 WDIK D Dug-
Iug, 8u0 8Il 8S 8 WhDc muSl Dc uD!hIug Dul UIS. hc Ic]DIu0cI WDu0 Dc lD Ic]cCl
lhc 8Igumcul 8S 0I8Wu Dm lhc 8IScu8 D Vug8I SuD]cClIVc Ic8SDu. hc 8ulD-
m8lIC redacticudhcminem IS lDD Q8l, lDD c8Sj, lD Dc 8u 80cQu8lc cXQ8u8lIDu D
Wh8l DD]cClIVcj 8QQ8IS. l IS Chc8Q lD QIcScul lhcSc lDD 8CIc mc8SuIcS, SImQj
DcC8uSc !hcj h8Vc IIgDIDuS ucg8!IVIlj Du !hcII SIUc, 8S IuSIDucSS UcQ!h, WhcIc8S
C8QI!u8lIDu VIS-8-VIS cVI ImQIcS I0culIDC8lIDu WI!h Il. hc QWcI D lhc Q8SS8gc
Iu cclhDVcu IS QIcCIScj IlS 0ISl8uCc Dm lhc SuD]cCl, Il IS !hIS lh8l DcSlDWS Du
lhDSc mc8SuIcS lhc Sl8mQ D lIu!h. h8l W8S DuCc C8c0 lhc 8ulhculIC [echt] '
Iu 8Il~8 WDI0 SlI uSc0 Dj PIclZSChc lhDugh uDW uuS8V8gc8DcSDughl lD Iu0I-
C8lc lhIS 0IS!8uCc.
hc SQIIIl D 8IlWDIKS IS uDl lhcII mc8uIug 8u0 uDl lhcII IulculIDu, Dul I8!hcI lhcII
lIulh CDulcul, DI, Iu D!hcI WDI0S, lhc Uulh !h8l IS HVc8c0 !hIDugh lhcm. hc ScC-
Du0 Ucmc D Uc P08gID D cclhDVcu S -mIuDI bDu8l8, DQ. , uD. , IS uDl
SImQj 8 Dc8ulIu mcD0j ~lhcIc 8Ic CcIl8Iuj mDIc DuDj8ul, DcUcI DImc0, 8u0
cVcu mDIc DIIgIu8 mcD0IcS lh8u !hIS Duc~uDI IS Il 0ISlIuguIShc0 Dj cXCcQlIDu8
cXQIcSSIVIlj. PcVcIlhccSS, lhc IuUD0uC!IDu D lhIS !hcmc DcDugS lD Wh8l IS DVcI-
WhcmIug Iu cclhDVcuS muSIC M0 !h8l CDu0 Dc Cmc0 lhc SQIIIl D hIS muSIC.
hDQc, WIlh 8u 8ulhculICIlj [uathentizitt]lh8l8S SDmclhIug lh8l 8QQc8IS 8cSlhcl-
IC8j ~Il Dc8IS cVcu DcjDu0 8cSlhclIC ScmD8uCc. h8l IS DcjDu0 lhc ScmD8uCc
D Wh8l 8QQcu1S IS lhc 8cSlhclIC Uulh CDulcul. lh8l 8SQcCl D ScmD8uCc lh8l IS uDl
ScmD8uCc. hc Uu!h CDulcul IS uD mDIc lhc 8Clu8 Ic8Ilj D 8u 8IlWDIK, uD mDIc
Duc 8Cl 8mDug DlhcIS Iu 8u 8IlWDIK, lh8u Il IS Iu0cQcu0cul Dm IlS 8QQc8I8uCc.
PAKALlPOMENA
/
85
hc DISl lhcm8lIC COmQcX O lh8l mOVcmcul, WhICh IS O cXlI8OIdIu8Ij, cOQucul
Dc8ulj, IS 8 m8SlcIuj WIOughl mOS8IC O COulI8SlIug Sh8QS lh8l 8Ic mOlIVIC8j
COhcIcul cVcu Whcu lhcj Mc IcgISU8j dISl8nl. hc 8lmOSQhcIc O lhIS lhcm8lIC
COmQcX, WhICh c8IIcI WOud h8Vc Dccu C8cd mOOd, 8W8IlS~8S Iudccd 8
mOOd QIOD8Dj dOcS ~8u cVcul lh8l Ouj DcCOmcS 8u cVcul 8g8IuSl lhc OI O lhIS
mOOd. hc -m8]OI lhcmc OOWS WIlh 8 IISIug lhIIlj-ScCOud-uOlc gcSluIc.
Pg8IuSl lhc d8Ik, dIuSc D8CkdIOQ O Wh8l QIcCcdcd, lhc 8CCOmQ8uIcd uQQcI
VOICc lh8l Ch8I8ClCIIZcS lhc ScCOud lhcmc 8CQuIIcS IlS du8 Ch8I8ClcI O IcCOuCII8-
lIOu 8ud QIOmISc. OlhIug lI8uSCcudS WIlhOul lh8l WhICh Il lI8uSCcudS. hc Uulh
COulcul IS mcdI8lcd Dj W8j O, uOl OulSIdc O, lhc COuDguI8lIOu, Dul Il IS uOl Im~
m8ucul lO lhc COu0guI8lIOu 8ud IlS ccmculS. hIS IS QIOD8Dj Wh8l CIjSl8IZcd 8S
lhc Idc8 O a8cSlhclIC mcdI8lIOu. l IS lh8l Iu 8IlWOIkS Dj WhICh lhcj Q8IlICIQ8lc
Iu lhcII Uulh COulcul. hc Q8lhW8j O mcdI8lIOu IS COuSUu8Dc Iu lhc SUuCluIc O
MlWOIkS, lh8l IS, Iu lhcII lcChuIQuc. uOWcdgc O lhIS c8dS lO lhc OD]cClIVIlj O
lhc WOIk IlSc, WhICh IS SO lO SQc8k VOuChcd OI Dj lhc COhcIcuCc O lhc WOIkS
COu0guI8lIOu. hIS OD]cClIVIlj, hOWcVcI, C8u ulIm8lcj Dc uOlhIug OlhcI lh8u lhc
lIulh COulcul. RIS lhc l8Sk O 8cSlhclICS lO U8Cc lhc lOQOgI8Qhj O lhcSc ccmculS.
u lhc 8ulhculIC 8IlWOIk, Wh8l IS dOmIu8lcd~WhICh 0udS cXQIcSSIOu Dj W8j O
lhc dOmIu8lIug QIIuCIQc~IS lhc COuulcIQOIul lO lhc dOmIu8lIOu O Wh8l IS u8luI8
OI m8lcII8. hIS dI8cClIC8 Ic8lIOuShIQ IcSulS Iu lhc lIulh COulcul O 8IlWOIkS.
hc SQIIIl O 8IlWOIkS I S lhcII OD]cClIV8lcd mImclIC COmQOIlmcul. l I S OQQOScd lO
mImcSIS 8ud 8l lhc S8mc lImc lhc OIm lh8l mImcSIS l8kcS Iu 8Il.
PS 8u 8cSlhclIC C8lcgOIj, Im1l8lIOu C8uuOl SImQj Dc 8CCcQlcd 8uj mOIc lh8u Il
C8u SImQj Dc Ic]cClcd. PIl OD]cClIV8lcS lhc mImclIC ImQuSc, hOdIug Il 8Sl 8l lhc
S8mc lImc lD8l Il dISQOScS O IlS ImmcdI8Cj 8ud ucg8lcS Il. 1IOm lhIS dI8cClIC lhc
ImIl8lIOu O Ic8Ilj dI8WS lhc 8l8 COuScQucuCc. LD]cClIV8lcd Ic8Ilj IS lhc COI-
Ic8lIVc O OD]cClIV8lcd m1mcSIS. hc Ic8ClIOu lO Wh8l IS uOl- DcCOmcS lhc ImI-
l8lIOu O lhc uOl-. NImcSIS IlSc COuOImS lO OD]cClIV8lIOu, V8Iuj hOQIug lO
COSc lhc IuQluIc DclWccu OD]cClIV8lcd COuSCIOuSucSS 8ud lhc OD]cCl. j W8ulIug
lO m8kc IlSc Ikc lhc OD]cClIV8lcd OlhcI, lhc 8IlWOIk DcCOmcS uuIkc lh8l OlhcI.
ul Il IS Ouj Dj W8j O IlS Sc-8Icu8lIOu lhIOugh ImIl8lIOu lh8l lhc SuD]cCl SO
SUcuglhcuS IlSc lh8l Il IS 8Dc lO Sh8kc O lDc SQc O ImIl8lIOu. h8l Iu WhICh
8IlWOIkS OVcI mIcuuI8 kucW lhcmScVcS lO Dc Im8gcS O SOmclhIug IcVc8S IlSc
Iu lhc COuISc O hISlOIj, lhcII CIIlIC, 8S DcIug IucSSculI8 lO lDcm. hcIc WOud
h8Vc Dccu uO OjCc WIlhOul IOuSl, uOI IOuSl WIlhOul 8uDcIl, Ou WhOm IOuSl
OOkcd dOWu. l W8S Dj W8j O Im1l8lIOu, uDlDj 8VOIdIug Il, lD8l M 8ChIcVcd IlS
8ulOuOmj, Iu Il 8Il 8CQuIIcd lhc mc8uS lO IlS IccdOm.
P IS uOl 8 IcQIC8 8uj mOIc lh8u Il IS kuOWcdgc O 8u OD]cCl, I Il WcIc Il WOud
Dc dI8ggcd dOWu lO lhc cVc O DcIug 8 mcIc duQIC8lIOu, O WhICh MuSScI dcIV-
28 | PAKALlPOMENA
cIc0 SuCB 8 SlIIB_cBl CIIlIQuc IB lBc SQBcIc O 0ISCuISIVc KBOWc0_c. LB lBc COB-
lI8Ij, 8Il Ic8CBcS lOW8I0 Ic8Ilj, OBj lO IcCOI 8l lBc 8Clu8 lOuCB O Il. Bc CB8I-
8ClcIS O IlS SCIIQl 8Ic mOBumcBlS lO lBIS mOVcmcBl. BcII COBSlc8lIOB IB lBc
8IlWOIK IS 8 CIjQlO_I8m O lDc BISlOIIC8 cSScBCc O Ic8Ilj, BOl IlS COQj. buCB
COmQODmcBl IS Ic8lc0 lO mImclIC COmQOIlmcBl. LVcB 8IlWOIKS lB8l 8BBOuBCc
lBcmScVcS 8S IcQIC8S 8Ic SuCB OBj Q6IIQBcI8j, Dj Ic8ClIB_ lO Ic8Ilj lBcj Dc~
COmc 8 ScCOB0-OI0cI Ic8Ilj, SuD]cClIVc I6DcClIOB, Ic_8I0cSS WBclBcI lBc 8IlISlS
B8Vc IccClc0 OI BOl. LBj 8IlWOIK lB8l m8KcS IlSc Im8_ccSS 8S SOmclBIB_
cXISlIB_ IB IlSc [8CBIcVcS lBc cSScBCc, 8B0 lBIS IcQuIIcS 8 0cVcOQc0 8cSlBclIC
0OmIB8lIOB O B8luIc|
,-'
lBc QIcCcQl Bc0 lB8l 8IlISlS 8Ic uBKBOWIB_ lO lBc QOIBl O BOl KBOWIB_ WB8l 8B
8IlWOIK IS, lBIS WOu0 COI0c WIlB lBc IBcuCl8Dc BcCcSSIlj lO08j O IcDcClIOB IB
8Il, Il C8B B8I0j Dc COBCcIVc0 OlBcI lB8B Dj W8j O lBc 8IlISlS COBSCIOuSBcSS.
buCB uBKBOWIB_BcSS IB 8Cl OlcB DcCOmcS 8 DcmISB IB lBc WOIK O ImQOIl8Bl
8IlISlS, cSQcCI8j WIlBIB CuluI8 SQBcIcS WBcIc 8Il SlI lO SOmc cXlcBl B8S 8 Q8Cc,
uBKBOWIB_BcSS, OI IBSl8BCc IB lBc OIm O 8 8CK O l8Slc, DcCOmcS 8B Imm8BcBl
0chCIcBCj. Bc QOIBl O IB0IcIcBCc DclWccB uBKBOWIB_BcSS 8B0 BcCcSS8Ij Ic-
cClIOB, BOWcVcI, IS lcCBBIQuc. hBOl OBj QcImIlS IccClIOB Dul IcQuIIcS Il, jcl Il
0OcS SO WIlBOul 0cSlIOjIB_ lBc uIl lcBcDIOSIlj O WOIKS Dj lmIB_ IcCOuISc lO
lBc SuDOI0IB8lIB_ COBCcQl.
Bc 8IlWOIK S cBI_m8lIC8BcSS IS lBc SBu00cI, BOl BOWcVcI IB IlS IVIB_ QIcScBCc
Dul 8S IcCOcClIOB.
Bc 8IlWOIK O lBc Q8Sl BcIlBcI COIBCI0c0 WIlB IlS CulIC ccmcBl BOI SlOO0 IB SIm-
Qc OQQOSIlIOB lO Il. H8lBcI, 8Il lOIc IlSc Icc IOm Cul OD]cClS Dj 8 c8Q IB WBICB
lBc CulIC ccmcBl W8S DOlB lI8BSOImc0 8B0 QIcScIVc0, 8B0 lBIS SUuCluIc IS IcQIO~
0uCc0 OB 8B cXQ8B0IB_ SC8c 8l cVcIj cVc O IlS BISlOIj. P 8Il COBl8IBS ccmcBlS
Dj VIIluc O WBICB Il lBIc8lcBS lO 8I IlS 8DOIIOuSj WOB 8B0 QIcCmIOuS COBCcQl
Bc cQIC lBIc8lcBS lO 8I 8S Iu0ImcBl8Ij DISlOIIO_I8QBj, lI8_c0j 8S lBc 8lcIIm8_c
O 8 ]u0ICI8 QIOCcc0IB_, lBc mOSl 8DSlI8Cl WOIK 8S 8B OD8mcBl8 Q8llcD, 8B0 c
Ic8ISlIC BOVc 8S QIOlOSOCIOO_j OI IcQOIl8_c.
Bc cBI_m8lIC8BcSS O 8IlWOIKS IS IBlIm8lcj DOuB0 uQ WIlB BISlOIj. l W8S BIS-
lOIj lB8l OBCc CB8B_c0 lBcm IBlO cBI_m8S 8B0 COBlIBucS lO 0O SO, COBVcIScj, u
IS BISlOIj 8OBc, WBICB IBVcSlc0 lBcm WIlD 8ulBOIIlj, lB8l KccQS IOm lBcm lBc cm-
D8II8SSIB_ QucSlIOB O lBcII I8ISOB 0 cUc.
PIlWOIKS mc 8ICB8IC IB lBc 8_c IB WBICB lBcj 8Ic 8IB_ SIcBl. ul WBcB lBcj BO
OB_cI SQc8K, lBcII mulcBcSS IlSc SQc8KS.
PAKALPOMENA ' 287
Dl 8 80V8uCc0 8Il Dc8IS lhc m8IXS D lhc HIghlcuIug, lhcSc m8IXS 8Ic mDSl cVI-
0cul WhcIc uDl cVcIj Ic8lIDu D lhc peintarelD lhc DD]cCl h8S Dccu ScVcIc0, WhcIc
uDl cVcIj Ic8lIDu D 0ISSDu8uCc lD lhc uDc0 8u0 ucg8lc0 CDuSDu8uCc h8S Dccu
DIDXcu DH. IC8SSD S ShDXS WcIc IguIlc0 Dj lhc QIIuCIQc D 0cDIm8lIDu. N8uj
8DSlI8Cl 8u0 CDuSlIuClIVc WDIXS 8CX lhcSc ShDCXS, Il IS 8u DQu QucSlIDu WhclhcI
lhc DICc D SlI-uuIc8IZc0 Ic8Ilj Hcc D c8I IS 8ClIVc Iu lhcSc WDIXS DI I~8u0
lhIS m8j Wc Dc lhc C8Sc~lhc h8ImDuj D 8DSU8Cl WDIXS IS 0cCcQlIVc ]uSl 8S W8S
lhc SDCI8 cuQhDII8 D lhc DISl 0cC80cS 8cI lhc LuIDQc8u C8l8SlIDQhc, cVcu 8cS-
lhclIC8j, hDWcVcI, SuCh h8ImDuj IS 8QQ8Iculj Iu 0cCIuc.
IDDcmS D QcISQcClIVc, WhICh WcIc DuCc lhc 0cCISIVc 8gcul Iu lhc 0cVcDQmcul
D Q8IulIug, m8j IccmcIgc, lhIS lImc cm8uCIQ8lc0 HDm 8 uClIDuS D IcQIC8-
lIDu. l IS WDIlh CDuSI0cIIug I Il IS QDSSIDc lD CDuCcIVc D 8DSDulcj uDuIcQIcScu-
l8lIDu8 8Il Iu lhc VISu8 0Dm8Iu, I cVcIjlhIug lh8l 8QQ8IS, cVcu Whcu Ic0uCc0
lD IlS ulmDSl, 0DcS uDl Dc8I U8CcS D lhc WDI0 D DD]cClS, 8 SuCh SQcCu8lIDuS
DcCDmc uuUc 8S SDDu 8S lhcj 8Ic cXQDIlc0 DI lhc QuQDScS D 8uj SDIl D
IcSlDI8lIDu. uDWc0gc h8S IlS SuD]cClIVc ImIlS Iu lhc Iu8DIIlj D lhc XuDWcI lD
IcSISl lhc lcmQl8lIDu D cXU8QD8lIug lhc uluIc HDm hIS DWu SIlu8lIDu. hc l8DDD
Du IuV8II8ulS IS, hDWcVcI, mSD 8u IulcI0IClIDu Du SuCh cXU8QD8lIDu. hc uluD
Iu0cc0 IS uD mDIc lD Dc QDSIlIVcj 0cQIClc0 lh8u IuV8II8ulS 8Ic lD Dc QDSIlc0, 8cS
lhclICS IS CDuCculI8lc0 Iu lhc QDSlu8lcS D lhc IuSl8ul.
D lhc S8mc cXlcul lh8l Il C8uuDl Dc 0cDuc0 Wh8l 8u 8IlWDIX IS, 8cSlhclICS IS uu-
8Dc lD IcuDuuCc lhc 0cSIIc DI SuCh 8 0cDuIlIDu I Il IS uDl lD Dc guIlj D m8XIug
8Sc QIDmIScS. PIlWDIXS 8Ic Im8gcS lh8l 0D uDl CDul8Iu IcQIC8S D 8ujlh1ug,
lhcIcDIc lhcj Mc Im8gccSS, lhcj 8Ic cSScuCc 8S 8QQc8I8uCc. hcj 0D uDl uD
lhc IcQuIIcmculS D 8lDuIC 8IChcljQcS DI IcRcClIDuS, cSQcCI8j Iu lh8l lhcj Mc
uDl clcD8 Dul hISlDIIC8 lhIDugh 8u0 lhIDugh. hc QIc-8IlISlIC CDmQDIlmcul lh8l
8QQID8ChcS 8Il mDSl CDScj 8u0 ulIm8lcj c80S lD Il IS 8 CDmQDIlmcul lh8l U8uS-
DImS cXQcIIcuCc IulD lhc cXQcIIcuCc D Im8gcS, IcIXcg88I0 cXQDSSc0 Il. Nj
DDDlj IS Im8gcS. PIlWDIXS 8Ic lhc DD]cClIV8lIDuS D Im8gcS, DD]cClIV8lIDuS D
mImcSIS, SChcm8l8 D cXQcIIcuCc lh8l 8SSImI8lc lD lhcmScVcS lhc SuD]cCl lh8l IS
cXQcIIcuCIug.
tDImS D lhc SD-C8c0 DWDIDW 8IlS, SuCh 8S lhc CIICuS l8Dc8u, Iu WhICh 8l lhc
Iu8c 8 lhc ccQh8ulS Xucc Du lhcII hIu0 cgS, WhIc Du c8Ch UuX Sl8u0S 8 gI8Cc-
uj QDSc0, ImQ8SSIVc D8cDu8, 8Ic uuIulculIDu8 8IChcljQ8 Im8gcS D Wh8l lhc
QhIDSDQhj D hISlDIj 0cCIQhcIS Iu 8Il, IDm IlS 0IS08Iuc0 DImS muCh C8u Dc
gc8uc0 D 8IlS ScCIcl WhICh IS SD Wc hI00cu D8CX D IlS CuHcul cVc D 0cVcDQ-
mcul, 8S I 8Il h80 ucVcI Dccu DlhcIWISc.
288 c PAKIPOMENA
c8ulj IS lhc cXO0uS O Wh8l h8S OD]cClIV8lc0 IlSc Iu lhc Ic8m O mc8uS 8u0
cu0S IOm lhIS Ic8m.
hc I0c8 O 8u OD]cClIVIlj lh8l IS uOuOD]cClIV8lc0~8u0 lhcIcOIc 8u OD]cClIVIlj
lh8l C8uuOl 80cQu8lcj Dc gIVcu Iu IulculIOuS8QQc8IS Iu 8cSlhclIC QuIQOScH-
ucSS 8S Wc 8S Iu lhc QuIQOSccSSucSS O 8Il. ul 8Il COmcS IulO QOSScSSIOu O lhIS
I0c8 Ouj Dj W8j O lhc SuD]cCl, Ouj lhIOugh lh8l I8lIOu8Ilj HOm WhICh QuIQOSc-
uucSS 0cIIVcS. PIl IS 8 QO8IIZ8lIOu. 1lS SQ8IK COuucClS 8 Sc-8Icu8lc0 SuD]cClIV-
Ilj luHc0 Iu Ou IlSc WIlh Wh8l IS uOl OIg8uIZc0 Dj I8lIOu8Ilj, Il COuucClS lhc
DOCK lh8l ScQ8I8lcS lhc SuD]cCl WIlh Wh8l QhIOSOQhj OuCc C8c0 lhc Iu-IlSc. P
IS IuCOmmcuSuI8Dc WIlh lhc Ic8m DclWccu lhcSc QOcS, lh8l O ccnstitatu.
t8ul S QuIQOScuucSS WIlhOul 8 QuIQOSc IS 8 QIIuCIQc lh8l cmIgI8lc0 Oul O cm-
QIIIC8 Ic8Ilj 8u0 lhc Icmm O lhc QuQOScS O Sc-QIcScIV8lIOu 8u0 Ouu0 IlS W8j
IulO 8 IcmOlc Ic8m, OImcIj lh8l O lhc S8CIc0. hc QuIQOScHucSS O 8IlWOIKS IS
0I8cClIC8 8S lhc CIIlIQuc O lhc QI8ClIC8 QOSIlIug O QuIQOScS. 1l l8KcS SI0cS WIlh
IcQIcSSc0 u8luIc, lO WhICh Il OWcS lhc I0c8 O 8 QuIQOScuucSS lh8l IS OlhcI lh8u
lh8l QOSIlc0 Dj hum8uIlj, 8u I0c8, ODVIOuSj, lh8l W8S uu0cImIuc0 Dj lhc IISc O
u8luI8 SCIcuCc. P IS lhc IcSCuc O u8luIc~OI O Immc0I8Cj~lhIOugh IlS ucg8-
lIOu, lh8l IS, lOl8 mc0I8lIOu. 1l m8KcS IlSc IKc Wh8l IS Icc O 0OmIu8lIOu Dj
lhc ImIlcSS 0OmIu8lIOu OVcI IlS m8lcII8, lhIS IS Wh8l IS hI00cu D8CK O t8ul S
OXjmOIOu.
AD, lhc 8!lctIm8gc O hum8n tcQtc88IOn O! n8lutc, 8Imul8ncOu8y ncg8lc8 lhI8 tc-
QIcSSIOu lhIOugh IcHcClIOu 8u0 0I8WS COSc lO u8luIc. hc SuD]cClIVcj IuSlIlulc0
lOl8Ilj O 8IlWOIKS 0OcS uOl Icm8Iu lhc lOl8Ilj ImQOSc0 Ou lhc OlhcI, Dul I8lhcI,
Dj IlS 0ISl8uCc IOm lhIS OlhcI, DcCOmcS lhc Im8gIu8lIVc IcSlIlulIOu O lhc OlhcI.
cuU8IZc0 8cSlhclIC8j, lhc 0OmIu8lIOu O u8luIc IcuOuuCcS IlS VIOcuCc. 1u lhc
ScmD8uCc O lhc IcSlOI8lIOu O lhc mulI8lc0 OlhcI lO IlS OWu OIm, 8Il DcCOmcS
lhc mO0c O lhc uOumulI8lc0. PcSlhclIC lOl8Ilj IS lhc 8ulIlhcSIS O lhc uuHc
WhOc. 1 8Il, 8S N8cIj OuCc S8I0, W8ulS lO Dc Iu0cDlc0 Ouj lO IlSc, lhIS IS DcC8uSc
8l W8ulS lO m8Kc IlSc lhc IKcucSS O 8u Iu-IlSc, O Wh8l IS Icc O 0OmIu8lIOu
8u0 0ISH guIcmcul. P IS lhc SQIIIl lh8l ucg8lcS IlSc Dj VIIluc O lhc COuSlIlulIOu
O IlS OWu QIOQcI Ic8m.
LVI0cuCc lh8l lhc 0OmIu8lIOu O u8luIc IS uO 8CCI0cul O 8Il, uO OIIgIum SIu IcSul-
Iug IOm SOmc SuDScQucul 8m8g8m8lIOu WIlh lhc CIVIIZIug QIOCcSS, IS gIVcu 8l
lhc VcIj c8Sl Dj lhc 8Cl lh8l lhc m8gIC8 QI8ClICcS O 8DOIIgIu8 QcOQcS Dc8I Iu
lhcmScVcS uu0IcIculI8lc0j lhc ccmcul O lhc 0OmIu8lIOu O u8luIc. `hc QIO-
Ouu0 ccCl QIO0uCc0 Dj lhc Im8gc O 8uIm8S IS SImQj cXQ8Iuc0 Dj lhc 8Cl lh8l
lhc ID8gc, Dj IlS Ch8I8ClcIISlIC c8luIcS, QSjChOOgIC8j cXcICIScS lhc S8mc cHcCl
8S 0OcS lhc OD]cCl IlSc, 8u0 SO 8S 8 IcSul O hIS QSjChOOgIC8 8lcI8lIOu lhc QcI-
PAKALlPMNA 289
SOu DcIcVcS lh8l hc hDccu lOuChc0 Dj m8gIC. Lu lhc OlhcI h8u0, Om Ihc 8Cl
lh8l lhc mOlIOucSS Im8gc IS culIIcj SuD]cCl lO hIS OWu QOWcIS, hc COmcS lO Dc-
IcVc lh8l Uc IcQIcSculc0 8uIm8 C8u Dc U8CKc0 8u0 SuD0uc0, lhcIcOIc l0c Im8gc
8QQc8IS lO hIm 8S 8 mc8uS O QOWcI OVcI lhc 8uIm8.^

N8gIC IS 8 Iu0Imcul8Ij
OIm O lh8l C8uS8 l0IuKIug lh8l ulIm8lcj IQuI08lcS m8gIC.
PIl IS mImclIC COmQOIlmcul lh8l OI lhc QuIQOSc O IlS OD]cCIIV8lIOu 0ISQOScS OVcI
lhc mOSl 80V8uCc0 I8lIOh8Ilj OI lhc COulIO O IlS m8lcII8 8u0 QI0c0uIcS. 1hIS
COuU80IClIOu IS 8IlS 8uSWcI lO lhc COuU80IClIOu O lhc ruticIlSc. lhc lcOS O
Ic8SOu IS 8 Dmcul lh8l IS Iu-IlSc ucCcSS8IIj uOl I8lIOu808QQIucSS IS lhc
cucmj O I8lIOu8IQ 8u0 QuIQOSc, O W0ICh Il ucVcIl0ccSS Sl8u0S Iu ucc0~8Il
m8KcS lhIS III8lIOu8 lcOS IlS OWu COuCcD. u lhIS, 8Il 0I8WS Ou 8u uuIcSU8Iuc0
I8lIOu8Ilj Iu IlS lcC0uIC8 QIOCc0uIcS, WhICh 8Ic, Iu lhc SuQQOSc0j `lcC0uIC8
WOI0, COuSU8Iuc0 Dj l0c Ic8lIOuS O QIO0uClIOu M0 lhuS Icm8Iu III8lIOu8. ~
1u Ihc 8gc O lcChuOOgj, 8Il I S SQuIIOuS Whcu Il m8SKS uuIVcIS8 mc0I8lIOu 8S 8
SOCI8 Ic8lIOu.
0c I8lIOu8Ilj O 8IlWOIKS h8S 8S IlS 8Im OQQOSIlIOu lO cmQIIIC8 cXISIcuCc. hc
I8lIOu8 Sh8QIug O 8IlWOIKS ccClIVcj mc8uS lhcII IIgOtOuS c8DOI8lIOu Iu-
lhcmScVcS. PS 8 IcSul lhcj COmc IulO COulI8Sl WIl0 lhc WOI0 O lhc u8luIc-
0OmIu8IIug mtic,Iu WhICh lhc 8cSlhclIC ruticOIIgIu8lcS, 8u0 DcCOmc 8 WOIK OI-
l0cmScVcS. hc OQQOSIIIOu O 8IlWOIKS lO 0OmIu8lIOu IS mImcSIS O 0OmIu8UOu.
hcj muSl 8SSImI8lc lhcmScVcS lO lhc COmQOIlmcul O 0OmIu8lIOu Iu OI0cI lO
QIO0uCc SOmcl0Iug Qu8Il8lIVcj 0ISlIuCl IOm lhc WOI0 O 0OmIu8lIOu. LVcu lhc
Imm8uculj QOcmIC8 8llIlu0c O 8IlWOIKS 8g8IuSl lhc Sl8luS QuO IulcD8IZcS lhc
QIIuCIQc lh8l uu0cIIcS l0c Sl8luS QuO, 8u0 Ih8l Ic0uCcS Il lO lhc Sl8luS O Wh8l
mcIcj cXISlS, 8cSlhclIC mIIOu8Ilj W8ulS lO m8Kc _OO0 Ou Uc 08m8_c 0Ouc Dj
u8luIc-0OmIu8lIug I8lIOu8Ilj .
hc QIOSCIIQlIOu O lhc ccmcul O WIu 0OmIu8lIOu Iu 8Il IS uOl 8Imc0 8l 0OmI-
u8lIOu Dul 8l lhc cXQI8lIOu O 0OmIu8lIOu, Iu lh8l Ihc SuD]cCl Q8CcS Ihc COul1O O
IlSc 8u0 IlS OlhcI Iu Ihc ScIVICc O lhc uOuI0culIC8.
hc C8lcgOIj O OIm8lIOu [Cestultan] ,WhICh IS cmD8II8SSIug Whcu Il IS CIlc0 8S
8u 8ulOuOmOuS I0c8, muSl Dc SuQQcmculc0 Dj l0c COuCcQl O lhc WOIKS SUuC-
luIc. 3cl l0c qu8Ilj O lhc WOIK IS 8 lhc 0IghcI, l0c WOIK 8 l0c mOIc OImc0, l0c
cSS Il IS 0ISQOSc0 OVcI. 1OIm8lIOu mc8uS uOuOIm8lIOu.
/
9 | PAKlPOMNA
1l IS QIcCIScy lhc IulcgI8y CDuSUuClc0 8IlWDIXS D HD0cHISH lh8l Sl8IXy Iu
HIu8lc lhc 8IDIIly D DgIC8Ily 8u0 DIH8 IHH8ucuCc, lD DH lhcII CDuCcQl
lhcy HuSl DulDX Il, UIS IS 0DCuHculc0 Iu bcc S 0I8Iy culIIcS. Luc D lhc l8SXS D
8u 8IlISl WhD IuSISlculy SccXS Uc cXUcHc IS DDlh lD Ic8IZc lhc DgIC D CDHIug
lD lhc cu0 ICh8I0 bU8uSS W8S Iu lhIS Icg8I0 SU8ugcy IuScuSIlIVc~8u0 lD
IulcIIuQl lhIS DgIC, lD SuSQcu0 Il, SD 8S lD C8uCc IIS HcCh8uIC8 8SQcCl, IlS 8Wc0
QIc0ICl8DIIly. hc IcQuIIcHcul D DcCDHIug 8SSIHI8lc0 lD lhc WDIX IS QIcCIScy
lh8l D IulcIVcuIug Iu Il SD lh8l Il 0DS uDl DcCDHc 8u IucH8 H8ChIuc. cIh8QS
lhc gcSluIcS D IulcIVculIDu, WIlh WhICh cclhDVcu, 8S I Dy 8u 8Cl D WI, QID-
VI0c0 lhc 8lcI Q8IlS D hIS 0cVcDQHcul ScClIDuS, 8Ic c8Iy cVI0cuCc D lhIS cXQcII-
cuCc. hc cIlIc IuSl8ul D Ihc 8HWDIX DlhcIWISc DcCDHcS clh8 lD IlSc.
hc 0IcIcuCc DclWccu 8cSlhclIC 8u0 0ISCuISIVc DgIC8Ily C8u Dc 0cHDuSlI8lc0 Iu
LcDIg I8X S QDclIy. hc SuCCcSSIDu D IH8gcS`SD Dc8ulIu hDW IH8gc D-
DWS IH8gc^^CcIl8Iuy 0DcS uDl CDuSUlulc 8 ucXuS D Hc8uIug 8CCDI0Iug lD
DgIC8 QIDCc0uIcS 8u0 C8uS8Ily SuCh 8S UDSc lh8l gDVcH lhc 8QDQh8ulIC Ic8H,
cSQcCI8y lhc Ic8H D cXISlculI8 ]u0gHculS. hIS IS uDl CDuU8Vcuc0 Dy I8X S
Il IS, WhICh lhc QDl ChDSc DI IlS Q8I80DXIC8 DICc. 1u lhIS CDulcXl Il IS Hc8uS
lh8l Wh8l IS uDl, IS. 1u SQIlc D lhc IuIlI8 IHQIcSSIDu D 8 WcD D 8SSOI8lIDuS, hIS
QDclIC lcXluIcS 8 uDl lhDSc D 8 Iccy ShIHIug DI0cI. 1u0IIcCly 8u0 DDSCuIcy
DgIC8 C8lcgDIIcS Q8y 8 Q8Il, 8S, DI IuSl8uCc, Iu lhc HuSIC8y IISIug DI 8Iug
CuIVcS D lhc Iu0IVI0u8 ccHculS, lhc 0ISUIDulIDu D Ighl 8u0 08IX, lhc Ic8lIDuS
DclWccu DcgIuuIug, CDulIuu8lIDu, 8u0 CDuCuSIDu. hc QIClDII8 ccHculS Q8IlICI-
Q8lc Iu DIH8 C8lcgDIIcS, Dul lhcy 8Ic cgIlIH8lc0 Duy Dy VIIluc D lhcSc Ic8-
lIDuS, WhICh DIg8uIZc lhc QDcHS 8u0 I8ISc lhcH 8DDVc lhc CDulIugcuCy D HcIc
CDuCcIlS. PcSlhclIC DIH h8S IlS I8lIDu8Ily cVcu Iu QDclIC 8SSDCI8lIDu. 1u Il, 8S Duc
HDHcul C8S uQ lhc ucXl, IhcIc IS SDHclhIug D Ihc DICc D SUIugcuCy 0cH8u0c0
Dy Ihc CDuCuSIDuS Iu DgIC 8u0 HuSIC. 1u 8Cl, Iu 8 cllcI Iu WhICh hc CIIlICIZc0 8u
IIXSDHc IHIl8lDI, I8X SQDXc D lhc 8cSlhclIC Hc8uS hc h80 8CQuIIc0, uDuc D
IhcH 8CXS 8u ccHcul D DgIC8Ily.
Aestheticsc/lcmundAestheticsc/ Ccntent[Inhult] .1IDuIC8y, Iu lhc CDu-
lcSl DclWccu lhc lWD, lhc 8cSlhclICS D CDulcul hD0S lhc uQQcI h8u0 Dy lhc 8Cl
U8l lhc CDulcul [Cehult]D WDIXS 8u0 D 8Il 8S 8 WhDcIlS ulIH8lc cu0IS uDl
DIH8 Dul CDuCIclc. Xcl lhIS CDulcul [Cehult]DCDHcS CDuCIclc Duy Dy VIIluc D
8cSIhcIIC DIH. 1 DH HuSl Dc 8l lhc CculcI D 8cSlhclICS, 8cSlhclICS 0cVcDQS IlS
CDulcul Dy Icu0cIIug DIHS cDQucul.
hc IcSulS D DIH8 8cSlhclICS C8uuDl SIHQy Dc Ic]cClc0. MDWcVcI Illc lhcy 0D
]uSlICc lD uu0IHIuIShc0 8cSlhclIC cXQcIIcuCc, lhIS cXQcIIcuCc IS uulhIuX8Dc WIlh-
Dul DIH8 ccHculS SuCh 8S H8lhcH8lIC8 QIDQDIlIDuS 8u0 SyHHclIy 8u0 0yu8HIC
DIH8 C8lcgDIIcS SuCh 8S lcuSIDu 8u0 Icc8Sc. IlhDul lhc uuClIDuS lhcSc C8lc-
PAkIPMNA | 2I
gOIIcS u0 , lhc gIc8l WOIkS O lDc Q8Sl WOud Dc 8S IuCOmQIchcuSIDc 8S Il WOud
Dc ImQOSSIDc lO hjQSl8lIZc lhcSc ccmculS 8S 8cSlhclIC CIIlcII8. hcj WcIc 8W8jS
Ouj ccmculS 8ud 8S SuCh IuScQ8I8Dc IOm lhc mmIOd ccmculS O COulcul, lhcj
ucVcI h8d ImmcdI8lc V8uc cXCcQl Iu Ic8lIOu lO Wh8l lhcj OImcd. hcj 8Ic Q8I8-
dIgmS O lhc dI8cCDC. hIS 8CCOIdIug lO Wh8l IS OImcd U8l lhcj 8Ic mOIDcd, WIlh
lhc cmcIgcuCc O I8dIC8 mOdcD 8Il lhcj WcIc lhOIOughj U8uSOImcd Dj ucg8-
lIOu. hcII ccCl IS IudIIcCl 8S 8 IcSul O DcIug 8VOIdcd 8ud 8uuucd, QIOlOljQIC8
hcIc~8S N8CIj uOlcd~IS, SIuCc N8ucl, Uc Ic8lIOu O MISlS lO lhc lI8dIlIOu8
IucS O QIClOII8 COmQOSIlIOu. hcII 8ulDOIIlj m8kcS IlSc cl Iu lhc OQQOSIUOu
O SQcCI0C WOIkS lO lhcm. P C8lcgOIj SuCh 8S lh8l O 8u 8IlWOIkS QIOQOIlIOuS IS
Ouj mc8uIugH lO Uc cXRul lh8l Il 8SO cuCOmQ8SScS lhc OVcIlDIOW O QIOQOIlIOuS,
Iu OlhcI WOIdS, lhcII OWu dju8mIC. j W8j O SuCh 8 dI8cClIC, lhIOughOul mOd
cDISm, lhc OIm8 C8lcgOIIcS h8Vc Dccu IccSl8DIShcd 8l cVcI hIghcI cVcS. hc
QuIulcSScuCc O lhc dISSOu8ul W8S h8ImOuj, lhc QuIulcSScuCc O dju8mIC lcuSIOuS
W8S cQuIIDIIum. hIS WOud Dc IuCOuCcIV8Dc I lhc OIm8 C8lcgOIIcS h8d uOl
lhcmScVcS Dccu SuuScd WIlh COulcul. hc OIm8 QIIuCIQc 8CCOIdIug lO WhICh
8IlWOIkS ShOud Dc DOlh lcuSIOu 8ud cQuIIDIIum IcgISlcIS lhc 8ul8gOuISlIC COulcul
O 8cSlhclIC cXQcIIcuCc, lh8l O 8u uuIcCOuCIcd Ic8Ilj lh8l ucVcIlhccSS W8ulS
IcCOuCII8lIOu. Vcu Sl8lIC OIm8 C8lcgOIIcS, SuCh 8S lh8l O lhc gOdcu mc8u, 8Ic
COugc8cd COulcul, lh8l O IcCOuCII8lIOu IlSc. 1u 8IlWOIkS Il IS Ouj 8S 8 IcSul
lh8l h8ImOuj h8S cVcI 8mOuulcd lO 8ujlhIug, Whcu Il W8S SImQj QOSIlcd 8ud
8SScIlcd Il W8S 8Ic8dj IdcOOgj, WhICh IS Wh8l lhc ucWj WOu hOmcOSl8SIS 81SO
ulIm8lcj DcC8mc. LOuVcIScj, 8ud lhIS IS ccClIVcj 8u 8QIIOII O 8Il, 8 m8lcI-
I8 Iu 8Il dcVcOQcd Dj W8j O 8 QIOCcSS O OIm8lIOu lh8l W8S lhcu 8DSlI8Clcd
8S lhc C8lcgOIIcS O OIm. hcSc C8lcgOIIcS WcIc Iu 0 lI8uSOImcd lhIOugh lDcII
Ic8lIOu lO lhc m8lcII8. OImIug mc8uS lhc 8dcQu8lc COmQclIOu O lhIS U8uSOI-
m8lIOu. DIS m8j cXQIC8lc Imm8uculj lDc COuCcQl O lDc dI8cClIC Iu M.
hc OIm8 8u8jSIS O 8u MlWOIk, 8ud Wh8l C8u QIOQcIj Dc C8cd OIm Iu 8u 8Il-
WOIk, Ouj h8S mcmIug Iu Ic8lIOu lO lhc WOIk S COuCIclc m8lcII8. hc COuSlIuC-
lIOu O lDc mOSl ImQCC8Dc dI8gOu8S, 8XcS, 8ud V8uIShIug IucS Iu 8 QICluIc, lhc
mOSl SUIugcul mOlIVIC cCOuOmj Iu 8 muSIC8 COmQOSIlIOu, Icm8IuS 8 m8llcI O Iu-
dIcIcuCc SO Oug 8S lDc COuSUuClIOu IS uOl dcVcOQcd SQcCIDC8j Oul O lh8l Q8I-
lICu8I QICluIc OI COmQOSIlIOu. PO OlhcI uSc O lhc COuCcQl O COuSUuClIOu Iu 8Il
IS cgIlIm8lc, OlhcIWISc lDc COuCcQl IucVIl8Dj DcCOmcS 8 clISh. N8uj 8u8jScS
COul8Iu cVcIjlDIug cXCcQl lhc Ic8SOu Whj 8 Q8IulIug OI 8 QIcCc O muSIC IS hcd lO
Dc Dc8ulIu OI IOm Wh8l lhcj dcIIVc lhcII IIghl lO cXISl. buCh 8u8jlIC8 mclhOdS
8Ic Iu 8Cl VuucI8Dc lO lhc CIIlIQuc O 8cSlhclIC OIm8ISm. ul 8lhOugh Il IS uOl
dccuSIDc SImQj lO IuSISl Ou lDc IcCIQIOCIlj O OIm 8ud COulcul~I8lhcI, lhIS
IcCIQIOCIlj uccdS lO Dc dcmOuSU8lcd Iu dcl8I~lDc OIm8 ccmculS, 8l cVcIj
QOIul IccIIIug D8Ck lO COulcul, QIcScIYc lhcII lcudcuCj lO DcCOmc COulcul. LIudc
m8lcII8ISm 8ud 8 uO cSS CIudc C8SSICISm 8gI6c Iu lhc mISl8kcu DcIc lh8l lDcIc
22 . PAKMNA
IS SDmc SDIl D QuIc DIm. hc DDCI8 0DClIIuc D m8lcD8ISm DVcIDDKS lhc
0I8cClIC cVcuDlhc clIShCh818ClcIIu8Il. IcCIScj WhcuDIm 8QQc8IScm8uCI-
Q8lc0Dm8ujQIccSl8DIShc0CDulcul [Inhult] ,lhcDImSlhcmScVcS8CQuIIclhcII
DWu cXQIcSSIDu 8u0CDulcul [Inhult] .buIIc8ISmDQcI8lc0 Iu lhIS 8ShIDu Ium8uj
D IlS WDIKS, 8u0 cc 0I0 lhIDughDul. hc CDulculS [Inhulte] Sc0Imculc0 Iu lhc
DImS 8W8Kc lhcj 8gc.hIS IS Wh8l Dcc1aendstil8llhc h8u0S DSuIIc8ISm,
WhICh QDcmIC8j ScVcIc0 lIcS WIlh Il. PcSlhclIC8j, lhc sclas ipse DcCDmcS
8W8Ic Dlhc WDI0, WhICh IS hIS DWu, 8u0 lh8l ISD8lcS hIm 8S sclas ipse Iu lhc
S8mc IuSl8ullh8lhc]cllISDuSlhc CDuVculIDuSDlhcWDI0.
hcCDuCcQlDlcuSIDuIccSIlScIDm lhcSuSQICIDu DDcIugDIm8ISlIC IuU8l,
DjQDIulIuguQ0ISSDu8ulcXQcIIcuCcSDI8ulIuDmIC8Ic8UDuS IulhcWDIK,Ilu8mcS
lhcccmculDDIm IuWhIChDIm g8IuSIlSSuDSl8uCcDjVIIlucDIlSIc8lIDulD
IlSDlhcI.hIDughIlS IuucIlcuSIDu,lhc WDIKIS0cDuc08S8DICc Dc0cVcuIulhc
MSlc0 mDmcul DIlS DD]cClIV8lIDu.hc WDIK IS 8lDuCc UcQuIulcSScuCcDIc8-
lIDuS DlcuSIDu8u0Uc 8llcmQllD 0ISSDVclhcm.
u DQQDSIlIDu lDm8lhcm8lIC8 lhcDIIcS Dh8ImDuj, Il muSl Dc 8SScIlc0 lh8l 8cS-
lhclIC QhcuDmcu8C8uuDlDc m8lhcm8lIC8j CDuCcIVc0. u 8Il,0Qu8 IS uDlcQu8.
hISh8SDcCDmcDDVIDuSIumuSIC.hc IcluD D8u8DgDuS Q8SS8gcSDlhcS8mc
cuglh0OS uDluDWh8llhc 8DSU8Cl CDuCcQl DhMmDujQIDDScS. hcIcQclI-
lIDuISIIKSDmcI8lhcIlh8u S8lISjIug,DI,IucSS SuD]cClIVclcImS,IlIS lDDDugDI
lhc DIm, Ncu0cSSDhu W8S QIDD8Dj Duc D lhc DISl CDmQDScIS lD h8Vc 8Clc0
uQDu lhIScXQcIIcuCc, WhICh m80c IlScclIIghluQ uulI lhc ScII8 SChDDlSSc-
CIIlIQuc D mcCh8uIC8 CDHcSQDu0cuCcS. hIS Sc-CIIlIQuc DcC8mc mDIc IulcuSc
WIlh lhc cmcIgIug 0ju8mIZ8lIDu D 8Il 8u0 lhc scapcnclDIm I0culIlj lh8l
0OSuDlDcCDmc8uDuI0culIlj.hchjQDlhcSISm8jDc IISKc0lh8llhc Wc-KuDWu
0IcIcuCcSlh8l0ISlIuguISh lhc 8IlISlIC VDIlIDu Dlhc VISu8 Dlhc D8IDQuc
DmlhDScDlhc Hcu8ISS8uCcWcIc IuSQIIc0Djlhc S8mccXQcIIcuCc.PIc8lIDuS
lh8l8QQ8I u8luI8,8u081c lD lhIS cXlcul 8DSl18Cl IuV8D8DcS,uu0cIgD ucCcSS81j
mD0IDC8lIDuSDcDIc lhcjC8u HuClIDu 8S 8cSlhclICmc8uS,lhc mD0IDC8lIDu Dlhc
u8luI8 DVcIlDuc ScIIcS Dj lcmQcD0 luuIug IS lhc mDSl SlIIKIug cX8mQc DlhIS.
NDSlDlculhcScmD0IDC8lIDuS81c 8SCIIDc0lDlhcSuD]cClIVcccmcul,WhIChSuQ-
QDSc0j Du0S lhcIIgI0IljD8hclcIDuDmDuSj ImQDSc0m8lcII8DI0cIIuSuQQDIl-
8Dc. ul lhIS Q8uSIDc IulcIQIcl8lIDu Icm8IuS 8 lDD IcmDlc IDm hISlDIj. l IS
Duj 8lc lh8l 8Il l8KcS IcCDuISc lD SD-C8c0 u8luI8 m8lcII8S 8u0 Ic8lIDuS Iu
IcVDl8g8IuSlIuCDhcIcul8u0 uuDcIcV8Dc U80IlIDu8ISm. hIS IcVDl,Iu 8WDI0,
ISDDuIgcDIS.hcm8lhcm8lIZ8lIDuDSUICljQuMlID8Dc81lISlIC m8lcII8S8u0D
lhc lcChuIC8 QIDCc0uIcS SQuu Dul Dlhcm IS Iu 8Cl IlSc8u 8ChIcVcmcul Dlhc
cm8uCIQ8lc0 SuD]cCl, D IcHcClIDu lh8l lhcu IcDS 8g8IuSl IlS cm8uCIQ8lIDu.
IImIlIVc QIDCc0uIcS h8Vc uDlhIugDlhIS.h8lQ8SScSDI u8luI8 8ClS 8u0u8l-
uI88WIu81lISuDlQIImDI0I8j gIVcu DulI8lhcI8u IuucI-8cSlhclIC 0cVcDQmcul,
PAKALlPOMEA | 2J
Il IS mc0I8lc0. buCD u8luIc Iu 8Il IS uDl lDc u8luIc DI WDICD Il DugS, I8lDcI Il
D8SDccu QID]cClc0 uQDu8IlDy lDcu8luI8SCIcuCcS,lD CDmQuS8lcIl DI lDcDSS
D QIccSl8DISDc0 SUuCl0IcS. D8l IS SUIXIug Iu QIClDIIm ImQIcSSIDuISm IS lDc
mD0cDly DlDc QDySIDDgIC8y QcICcIV8Dc,Qu8SI-u8luI8 ccmculS. bcCDu0Ic-
HcClIDu lDcIcDIc 0cm8u0S lhc CIIlIQuc D 8 IcIHc0 u8luI8 ccmcul8, ]0Sl 8S
lDcy DuCc cmcIgc0, lDcy WI Q8SS 8W8y. PHcI DI0 8I CDuSCIDuSucSS~
Iu lDc IuSIDu D DcIug 8Dc lD DcgIu 8ucW WIlDDul lhc U8uSDIm8lIDu D SD-
CIcly~Cuug lD 8cgc0y QIImDI0I8 QDcuDmcu8, lDcSc 8Ic 8S I0cDDgIC8 8S lDc
DDy LcIm8u m8IXS D ucW CuQcuCy QI QcI8Du WIlD WDICD lhc cCDuDmy W8S
SuQQDSc0 lD Dc IcDuIl IDm lhc gIDuu0 0Q. Lc8ICullIug IS 8 CD8I8ClcI m8SX D
lDc Sl8luS QuD, WD8l IS 0IcIcul 0DcS uDl DI0c IlS DISlDIIC8 0ImcuSIDu. DIS IS
uDl lD S8y lD8l Iu 8Il lhcIc 8Ic uD m8lDcm8lIC8 Ic8lIDuS. ul lDcy C8uDuy Dc
gI8SQc0 Iu Ic8lIDu lD 8DISlDIIC8y CDuCIclc CDuHguI8lIDu,lDcy C8uuDl Dc DyQD-
Sl8lIZc0.
Dc CDuCcQl DDDmcDSl8SIS, 8u cQ0IIDIIum DlcuSIDu lD8l 8SScIlS IlScDuy Iu
lDclDl8Ily D8uMWDIX,ISQIDD8DyDD0u0uQWIlDlD8lIuSl8ulIuWDICDlDc 8Il-
WDIX VISIDy m8XcS IlScIu0cQcu0cul. l IS lhc IuSl8ul WDcu lDc DDmcDSl88IS,I
uDl Immc0I8lcy cSl8DISDc0, C8u Dc cuVISIDuc0. Dc IcSulIug SD80DWDVcI lDc
CDuCcQlDDDmcDSl8SIS CDIIcSQDu0S lD lDc CIISIS DlDIS I0c8 Iu CDulcmQDIMy 8Il.
Pl QIcCIScy lD8l QDIul WDcu lhc WDIX CDmcS IulD IlS DWu Sc-QDSScSSIDu, Dc-
CDmcS SuIc DIlSc, WDcu Il Su00cuy HlSlDgclDcI,Il uDDugcIHlS DcC8uSc lDc
DIl0u8lcy 8CDIcVc08ulDuDmy Sc8S IlS IcIHC8lIDu8u00cQIIVcS IlDlhc DQcuucSS
lD8l IS8u8SQcCl DIlS DWu I0c8. LuIIug lDc DcIDIC 8gc DcXQIcSSIDuISm, UcSc
IcDcClIDuS WcIcuDlMIDmQ8IulcIS IXc M0IuSXy WDD,DIIuSl8uCc,DDScIVc0
U8l 8u 8IlISl WDD DcIcVcS Dc D8S Duu0 DIS Slyc D8S lDcIcDy 8Ic80y DSl Il. Xcl
lDc QIDDcm IS uDl 8S SuD]cClIVcy QSyCDDDgIC8 8S lD8l cQDCD Dc0, I8lDcI Il IS
gID0u0c0 Iu lDc 8ulIuDmy D8Il IlSc. Dc DQcuucSS lDW8I0 WDICD Il lcu0S 8u0
lDcCDS0Ic~lDc QIcClIDu-Dy WDICD Il 8QQIDXIm8lcSlDcI0c8DIlS DIug-Iu-
IlSc, DDcIug CDmQclcy uuCDmQIDmISc0, 8 DcIug-Iu-IlSclD8l IS lDc 8gcul D
DQuucSS,8IuCDmQ8lIDc.
D8l lDc 8IlWDIX IS 8 IcSul mc8uS lD8l, 8S Duc D IlS ccmculS, Il SDDu0 Dc8I
uDIcSI0uc DlDc 0c80, uuWDIXc0, uuDImc0,8u0 ScuSIlIVIly lD lhIS IS 8u cQu8y
0cHuIlIVcccmculD88IlCIIlICISm,lhc Qu8IlyDc8CD8u0cVcIyWDIX0cQcu0S
Du lDIS ccmcul ]0Sl 8S muCD 8S lDIS ccmcul 8UDQDIcS cVcIyWDcIc lD8l CuluI8-
QDIDSDQDIC8 CDgIl8lIDuDDVcIS Hccy 8DDVc lDc WDIXS.Dc HISl DDXlD8lgI0cS
DVcI8 muSIC8 SCDIc,Uc IuSlIuCl lD8l~IuIDul D8Q8IulIug~]u0gcS IlS 0IguIly,
ISg0I0c0Dy8CDuSCIDuSucSSDlDc0cgIcc lD WDICDIlISuyDImc0,IlS IulcgI8
SlIuCluI8lIDu,8u0 Dy 8ScuSIlIVIly lD WD8l IS CIu0c, WDICD Dlcu cuDugD CDIuCI0cS
WIlDWD8lCDuVculIDuImQDScS Du8IlWDIXS 8u0WD8llhc QDIISlIucWDcIcVcIQDS-
SIDcCD8XS uQlD IlSU8uSSuD]cClIVIly.LVcuWDcuMWDIXSSuSQcu0lDcQIIuCIQc
294 c PAKPOMA
D UcII Iulc_I8 SU0CluI8DDu 8u0 DQcu UcmScVcS lD lhc CI00c, lhcy IcHcCl lhc
QDSlu8lc D lhIS QIIuCIQc. hDSc WDIKS 8Ic Hy c8DDI8lc0 DVcI WhICh lhc DIm-
Iu_ h8u0 h8S mDSl 0cIC8lcy cl IlS W8y, lhIS I0c8 IS cXcmQ8IIy cmDD0Ic0 Iu lhc
1IcuCh lI80IlIDu. 1u _DD0 muSIC uDl 8 mc8SuH IS SuQcIuDuS DI IIu_S hDDW, uDl 8
mc8SuIc IS ISD8lc0 IDm lhc QhI8Sc, ]uSl 8S uD IuSlI0mcul8 SDuu0 IS IuUD0uCc0
lh8l8S muSICI8uS Qul Ilh8S uDl lIuy Dccu hc8I0, 0I8Wu Dy SuD]cClIVc ScuSI-
DIIly Dm lhc SQcCIHC Ch8I8ClcI D lhc IuSlIumcul DcDIc lhc Q8SS8_c IS cuU0Slc0
lD Il. hc IuSlIumcul8 CDmDIu8lIDu D 8 muSIC8 CDmQcX muSl Dc uy hc8I0, Il IS
lhc DD]cClIVc Wc8KucSS D c8Iy muSIC lh8l Duy Dy cXCcQlIDu 0I0 Il 8ChIcVc lhIS
mc0I8lIDu. hc cu08 0I8cClIC D m8SlcI 8u0 ScIY8ul l8KcS IcH_c Iu lhcSc 8Il-
WDIKS, WhDSc VcIy cXISlcuCc h8S 8 cu08 Qu8Ily.
h8l D0 8u0 SIy C8D8Icl QhI8Sc, DVc, IlS SD cIDlIC QIDVDKcS lhc V8II8lIDu.
P, IlS SD 8cSlhclIC, lhIS IS lD Dc l8Kcu WIlh 0ccQ ScIIDuSucSS 8S 8 mcmculD
D Wh8l h8S Dccu IcQIcSSc0 Dy IlS CDuSumQlIDu. hc qu8Ily lh8l IS 8l Sl8Kc hcIc
IcVc8S IlSc QIIm8IIy Iu 8ClS D Ic80Iu_, IuCu0Iu_ lhc Ic80Iu_ D muSIC8 SCDIcS.
1l IS lhc Qu8Ily D lhc U8Cc lh8l 8cSlhclIC DDIu_ c8VcS DchIu0 Iu Wh8l Il DImS
WIlhDul 0DIu_ VIDcuCc lD Il. 1l IS lhc CDuCII8lDIy ccmcul D Cul0Ic Iu 8Il lh8l
Ch8I8ClcIIZcS cVcu IlS mDSl VIDcul QIDlcSl8lIDu. 1l IS ImQICIl Iu lhc WDI0 mtier,
8u0 Il C8uuDl SImQy Dc lI8uS8lc0 8S CI8l [Hundwerk] .hc IccV8uCc D lhIS cc-
mcul SccmS lD h8Vc IulcuSIHc0 Iu lhc hISlDIy D mD0cHISm, Iu SQIlc D 8ChS DQ-
lIm8 cVc D DIm, Il WDu0 Dc I8lhcI 8u8CDIDuISlIC lD 0ISCuSS hIS WDIK Iu lcImS
D metier,cVcu DI NDZ8Il 8u0 bChuDcIl, 8u0 CcIl8Iuy DI IuCKucI, Il IS uDl QuIlc
tIghl, bul Il 8QQIc8 lO t8hm8, 8gnct, 8u0 cVcn LhOQIn. Od8y lhI8 Qu8Ily IS lhc
dg erentiu specqcu D 8Il Iu DQQDSIlIDu lD lhc 0cu_c D QhIISlIuISm, 8u0 8l lhc
S8mc lImc Il IS 8 CIIlcIIDu D m8SlcIy. DlhIu_ CIu0c m8y Icm8Iu, cVcu lhc SIm-
QcSl muSl Dc8I lD8l CIVIIZ8lDIy lI8Cc. h8l U8Cc IS Wh8l IS Ic0Dcul D 8Il Iu lhc
8IlWDIK.
LVcu lhc CDuCcQl D DH8mcul 8_8IuSl WhICh SuchlichkeitIcVDlS h8S IlS 0I8cClIC.
D QDIul Dul lh8l lhc D8IDQuc IS 0cCDI8lIVc 0OS uDl S8y cVcIylDIu_ 8DDul Il. 1l IS
deccmzicneussclatu,8S I Il h80 cm8uCIQ8lc0 IlSc IDm cVcIy QuIQDSc, cVcu lhc
lhc8UIC8, 8u0 0cVcDQc0 IlS DWu 8W D DIm. 1l Cc8ScS lD 0cCDI8lc 8uyUIu_ 8u0
IS, Du lhc CDuU8Iy, uDlhIu_ Dul 0cCDI8lIDu, lhuS Il cu0cS lhc CIIlIQuc D lhc 0cCD-
I8lIVc. Ilh Ic_8I0 lD D8IDQuc WDIKS D cX8lc0 0I_uIly lhc DD]cClIDuS lD Q8SlcI
8Il Mc mIS0IIcClc0 hc QI8ul m8lcII8 QcIcCly uDS lDc DIm8 8QIIDII D 8D-
SDulc 0cCDI8lIDu. 1u lhcSc WDIKS, lhIDu_h QH_IcSSIVc SuDIm8lIDu, lhc _Ic8l WDI0
lhc8lcI, lhc theutrammandi, DcC8mc lhc theutramdei,lhc ScuSu8 WDI0 DcC8mc 8
SQcCl8Cc DI lhc _D0S.
1 lhc 8IlIS8u8 DDuI_cDIS mIu0 cXQcClc0 HDm lDc SDI0Ily D lhIu_S lD8l lhcy,
hD0Iu_ Dul 8_8IuSl lImc, C8u Dc DcQuc8lDc0, lhIS I0c8 D SDI0Ily h8S _Duc DVcI lD
PAKALIPOMENA 295
lhc IIgDIDuS WDIKIBg Dul D DD]clS 08Il. PDlhIug IB lhc CIICumcIcBCc D 8Il
ShDu0 Dc cl Iu IlS I8WBcSS, lhIS IBlcBSIDcS lhc CDSuIc D 8IlWDIKS VIS-8-VIS cm-
QIIIC8 Ic8Ilj 8u0 IS 8SSDCI8lc0 WIlh lhc I0c8 D QIDlcClIug 8IlWDIKS IDm lhcII
U8BSIcBCc. 8I80DXIC8j, 8cSlhclIC DDuIgcDIS VIIlucS SuCh 8S lh8l D SDI0Ilj h8Vc
cmIgI8lc0 IBlD 8BlIDuIgcDIS 8V8Bl-g8I0c Il.
u SD Q8uSIDc M0 8QQ8Iculj uBIVcIS8j V8I0 8 0cm8u0 8S lh8l D C8IIlj~lhc
8IlICu8lIDu D cVcQ ccmcul Iu lhc 8IlWDIK ~Il IS QDSSIDc lD ShDW hDW cVcIj
IuV8II8ul D 8cSlhclICS mDlIV8lcS IlS DWu 0I8cClIC. P ScCDB0 SQcCIDC8j 8IlISlIC
DgIC IS 8Dc lD SuQ8SS Uc DISl, lh8l D lhc 0ISlIBCl. PIlWDIKS D hIgh Qu8Ilj 8Ic
8Dc, DI lhc S8Kc D lhc 0cBScSl QDSSIDc Ic8lIDuS, lD ucgcCl CMIlj 8B0 DIIBg IulD
QIDXImIlj WIlh Duc 8BDlhcI CDmQcXcS lh8l, WIlh Icg8I0 lD lhc IcQuIIcmcul D
C8IIlj, WDu0 ucc0 lD Dc SlIIClj 0ISlIBguIShc0. hc I0c8 D m8Bj IlWDIKS lh8l
W8ul lD Ic8IZc lhc cXQcIIcBCc D V8gucBcSS 8Clu8j 0cm8B0S lh8l lhc DDuB08IIcS
D UcII CDBSlIlulIVc ccmculS Dc c8Cc0. ul m SuCh 8IlWDIKS lhc V8guc muSl D
m80c 0ISlIBCl. PulhcBlIC WDIKS lh8l 0c[ lhc cXIgcBCj D C8IIlj 8 lhc S8mc QDSIl
Il ImQICIlj Iu DI0cI lD ucg8lc Il, cSSculI8 lD lhcSc WDIKS IS BDl 8B 8DScBCc D
C8IIlj Dul I8lhcI Bcg8lc0 CMlj. LlhcIWISc lhcj WDu0 D SImQj 8m8lcuIISh.
Z L PAHMNA
Mcgc S 0IClum U8l lhc DW D NIucIV8 DcgIuS IlS Ighl 8l 0uSX IS CDuDImc0 Iu
8Il. bD Dug 8S lhc cXISlcuCc 8u0 HuClIDu D 8IlWDIXS Iu SDCIcly W8S Sc-cVI0cul
8u0 8 SDIl D CDuScuSuS Iuc0 DclWccu lhc Sc-CcIl8uly D SDCIcly 8u0 lhc Q8Cc D
8IlWDIXS Iu Il, uD QucSUDu D 8cSlhclIC mc8uIuguucSS 8IDSc. lS mc8uIuguucSS
W8S 8 DIcgDuc CDuCuSIDu. PcSlhclIC C8lcgDIIcS 8Ic DISl SuD]cClc0 lD QhIDSDQhI-
C8 IcHcClIDu Whcu 8Il, Iu McgcS 8ugu8gc, IS uD DugcI SuDSl8DlI8, uD DugcI
Immc0I8lcy QIcScul 8u0 DDVIDuS.
hc CIISIS D mc8uIug Iu 8Il, Imm8Dculy QIDVDXc0 Dy lhc uuSlDQQ8Dc 0yu8mSm
D uDmIu8ISm, IS IuXc0 WIlh cXlI8-8cSlhclIC cXQcIcuCc, DI lhc IuucI-8cSlhclIC
ucXuS lh8l CDuSlIlulcS mc8uIug IcHcClS lhc mc8uIugHucSS D lhc WDI0 8u0 IlS
CDuISc 8S lhc l8CIl 8u0 lhcIcDIc 8 Uc mDIc QDWcIH 8QIIDII D 8IlWDIXS.
hc 8IIWDIX S ucXuS, 8S IlS Imm8ucul Ic, IS lhc 8HcIIm8gc D cmQIIIC8 Ic Du
WhICh lhc IcHcClIDu D lhc 8IlWDIX 8S M0 DcSlDWS 8 IcHcClIDu D mc8uIug.
MDWcVcI, Uc CDuCcQl D 8 ucXuS D mc8uIug UcIcDy DcCDmcS 0I8cClIC8. hc
QIDCcSS lh8l Imm8uculy Ic0uCcS lhc 8IlWDIX lD IlS DWu CDuCcQl, WIlhDul C8SlIug
8u cyc Du lBc uuIVcIS8, IcVc8S IlSc Iu lhc hISlDIy D 8II Du 8 lhcDIclIC8 cVc
Duy 8lcI lhc ucXuS D mc8uIug IlSc, 8u0 lhuS IlS U80lIDu8 CDuCcQl, DcCDmcS
uuCcIl8Iu.
1u 8cSlhclICS. 8S Iu 8 DUcI 0Dm8uS, I8lIDu8IZ8lIDu D mc8uS ucCcSSMIy ImQIcS
lhcII clISBIZ8lIDu. Bc mDIc 0IIcCly lhcy 8Ic 0ISQDSc0 DVcI, lhc mDIc lhcy lcu0
DD]cClVcy lD DcCDmc cu0S u lhcmScVcS. 1l IS !BS !B8! S !Iuy 8!8 Iu lBc mDS!
IcCcul 0cVcDQmculS Iu 8Il, uDl lhc Ic]cClIDu D My SDIl D 8uUIDQDDgIC8 IuV8II-
8ulS DI lhc SculImcul8y DcmD8uc0 DSS D u81Vclc. hc cu0S, lh8l IS, lBc WDIXS,
8Ic IcQ8Cc0 Dy lhcII QDSSIDIIlIcS, V8CuDuS SChcm8l8 D WDIXS l8Xc lhc Q8Cc D
lhc WDIXS lhcmScVcS, lhuS lhc WDIXS lhcmScVcS DcCDmc 8 m8llcI D Iu0IcIcuCc.
Ilh lhc IulcuSIDC8lIDu D SuD]cClIVc Ic8SDu Iu 8Il, lhcSc SChcm8l8 DcCDmc SuD-
]cClIVc Iu lhc ScuSc D DcIug 8IDIlI8IIy c8DDI8lc0 Iu0cQu0culy D lhc WDIXS. PS
IS IcQuculy Iu0IC8lc0 Dy Uc lIlcS D UcSc WDIXS, Uc mc8uS cmQDyc0 DcCDmc
cu0S Iu lhcmScVcS, 8S 0D lhc m8lcI8S cmQDyc0. hIS IS Wh8l IS 8Sc Iu lhc DSS
D mc8uIug. JuSl 8S IIuc 8u0 8Sc muSl Dc 0ISlIuguIShc0 Iu lhc CDuCcQl D mc8u-
Iug, lhcIc IS 8SD 8 8Sc CD8QSc D mc8uIug. lS Iu0cX IS MDIm8lIDu, lhc gDIIDC8-
lIDu D lhc Sl8luS QuD u 8 Cul D QuIc m8lcII8S 8u0 QuIc m8SlcIy, DDlh 8Ic lhcIcDy
8Scy ScVcIc0.
B8l lD08y QDSIlIVIly IS DDCXc0 8mDuulS lD 8 VcI0ICl DVcI lhc QDSIlIVIly D lhc
Q8Sl, Dul uDl DVcI lhc DugIug lh8l DISl SlIIIc0 WIlhIu Il.
PcSlhclIC SQcu0DI IS uDl ]uSl 8DIm8lIVc I0cDDgy, Il IS 8SD lhc IcHcClc0 gImmcI
D Ic Icc D DQQIcSSIDu. u IlS 0cD8uCc D IuIu Il l8XcS lhc SI0c D hDQc. bQcu0DI
PAklPOMENA '
~
7
IS uDl Duj c Chc8Q 0ICKS D lhc C0l0Ic Iu00S0j. hc hIghcI lhc g08Ilj D 8
WDIK, lhc gIc8lcI IlS DIII8uCc, 8u0 lhIS IS mDSl SlIIKIugj lhc C8Sc Iu lhc IuSl8uCc
D lhDSc gIcj-Du-gIcj WDIKS D mD0cDISm lh8l cCIQSc MDjWDD0 S lcChuICDDI.
WDIIKc S QDcm D lhc 8D8u0Duc0 gII IS QIDD0u0j S80 Iu 8 W8j lh8l gDcS 8I Dc-
jDu0 lhc lhcmc IlSc. NcIScS S0Ch 8S b000cuj Ic8IZc0 l0u8Ilh0 DDj llh8l
8 uIghl l 0Ic8ml D jD0
~-
cXQIcSS WIlhD0l 8uj IcScIVc 0Ic80H cXQcIcuCcS.
hcIc lh8l D 8W8KcuIug 1IDm lhc ScuSc0 8gIIlj D SccQ S CDmDIl 0IIcClj IulD
0cSQ8II. DcVcIlhccSS, cVcu lhIS QDm h8S IlS 8Im8lIVc ccmcul. LcSQIlc lhc
80lhculICIlj D ccIug, lhIS ccmcul IS D0gc0 Iu lhc DIm, cVcu lhD0gh lh8l DIm
0ccu0S IlSc 8g8uSl lhc CDuSD8lIDu D ScC0Ic Sjmmc0j UID0gh S0DQhIC mclcI.
u lhc lcu0cI HClIDu D 8 DKSDug lhc gII SQc8KS 8S Duc 8mDug m8uj. I80IlIDu8
8cSlhclICS WD00 QI8ISc lhc QDcm DI IlS QHlDljQIC8 g08IlIcS. h8l h8S Dccu DSl
SIuCc lh8l lImc IS c 8lcul CDmm0uIlj Iu WhICh 8 DucIucSS W8S cmDc00c0, 8
SIlu8lIDu Iu WhICh SDIclj WhISQcIS CDuSD8lIDu lD Duc WhD IS 8S 8Duc 8S Iu c
c8IIcSl 08Wu. PS lhc lc8IS h8Vc I0u 0Ij, lhIS CDuSD8lIDu h8S DcCDmc Iu800Dc.
PS CDmQDucul Q8IlS D lhc cuCDmQ8SSIug WhDc, 8IlWDIKS uDl SImQj lhIugS.
hcj Q8IlICIQ8lc SQcCIHC8j Iu IcIHC8lIDu DcC80Sc lhcII DD]cClIV8UDu IS mD0cc0
Du lhc DD]cClIV8lIDu D lhIugS cXlcD8 lD lhcm, Il IS Iu IS ScuSc, I 8l 8, 8u0 uDl
8S ImIl8lIDuS D 8uj Q8IlIC08I Ic8Ilj, lh8l 8IlWDIKS 8Ic lD Dc 0u0cISlDD0 8S CDQIcS.
hc CDuCcQl D C8SSIC8Ilj, WhICh C8uuDl Dc Ic00Cc0 cXC0SIVcj lD I0cDDgj, 8Q-
QIcS lD lhDSc 8IlWDIKS lh8l h8Vc 8Igcj S0CCcc0c0 Iu S0Ch DD]cClIV8lIDu 8u0 lh0S
lD lhDSc lh8l 8Ic mDSl IcIHc0. j 0ISDWuIug IlS DWu 0ju8mIC lhc DD]cClV8lc0 8Il-
WDIK DQQDScS IlS DWu CDuCcQl. hcIcDIc 8cSlhclIC DD]cClIV8lIDu IS 8W8jS 8SD
clIShISm 8u0 QIDVDKcS QcIm8ucul IcDcIDu. PS N8cIj IcCDguIZc0, ]0Sl 8S uD 8Il-
WDIK C8u cSC8Qc lhc I0c8 D IlS C8SSIC8Ilj, cVcIj 80lhculIC WDIK m0Sl S0uggc
8g8IuSl Il, 8u0 Iu lhIS 8ulIuDmj, uDl c8Sl D 8, 8Il h8S IlS Ic. Lu0cI lhc CDmQ0-
SIDu lD DD]cCUV8lIDu, 8IlWDIKS lcu0 lDW8I0 Qc0IHC8lIDu. l IS Imm8ucul lD c
QIIuCIQc D lhcII QcIcClIDu. u lh8l 8IlWDIKS SccK lD IcSl Iu lhcmScVcS 8S Wh8l
cXISlS Iu-IlSc, lhcj Sc8 lhcmScVcS Iu, jcl Il IS Duj IuSD8I 8S lhcj 8Ic DQcu lh8l
lhcj gD DcjDu0 lhc Sl8l0S D DIDg mcIc culIlIcS. cC80Sc lhc QIDcSS, WhCh 8
8IlWDIKS 8Ic, 0IcS D Iu lhc CD0ISc D lhcII DD]cClIV8lIDu, 8 C8SSICISm QIDgIcS-
SIVcj 8QQIDXm8lcS m8lhcm8lIC8 Ic8lIDuS. hc IcDcIDu 8g8IuSl C8SSIC8Ilj IS
I8ISc0 uDl Duj Dj lhc S0D]cCl, WhD ccS IcQIcSSc0, D0l Dj lhc 00lh C8m D 8Il-
WDIKS, WIlh WhCh lhc I0c8 D C8SSIC8Ilj CDI0cS. LDuVculIDu8IZ8lIDu IS uDl cX-
lcD8 lD lhc DD]cClIV8lIDu D 8IlWDIKS, uDI 8 IcS0l D lhcII 0cCIuc. H8lhcI, Il 0IKS
WIlhIu lhcm, lhc DVcIMChIug DIu0IugucSS lh8l 8IlWDIKS 8ChIcVc lDID0gh lhcII DD-
]cClIV8lIDu 8SSImI8lcS lhcm lD 8u cVcI 0DmIu8lIug 0uIVcIS8Ilj. hc C8SSICISlIC
I0c8 D 0IDSScSS QcIcClIDu IS uD cSS I0SDIj lh8u lhc DugIug DI 8 Q0Ic 0uCD-
cICc0 Immc08Cj. L8SSICISlC WDIKS 8CK V8I0Ilj 8D0 uDl ]0Sl DcC80Sc lhc 8uCIcul
mD0cS 8Ic lDD IcmDlc DI ImIl8lIDu, lhc 8-QDWcIH QIuCIQc D SljIZ8lIDu IS
298 PAKALPOMA
IuCDmQ8lIDcWIlhlhcImQuScSWIlhWhIChIl8jSC8ImlD uuIlj, 8C8ImDu WhICh
IlSQIcIDg8lIVc ISDuu0c0 hc8ChIcVc0IuCDulcSl8DIIlj D8uj8u08C8SSICISm
h8S SDmclhIug uu0cIh8u0c0 8DDul Il. cclhDVcuS8lc WDIKS m81K lhc IcVDl D
Duc D lhc mDSl QDWcIu C8SSICISlIC 8IlISlS 8g8IuSl lhc 0cCcQlIDu ImQICIl Iu lhc
QIIuCIQc DhIS DWuWDIK.hcIhjlhmDlhcQcIID0ICIcluHDIDm8ulIC 8u0C8S-
SICISl CuIIculS Iu Ml,lD lhccXlcullh8lSuCh mDVcmculS C8u lIuj Dc 0ISCcHc0 Iu
lhc hISlDIj D8Il, Dc8IS WIlucSS lD lhc 8ulIuDmIC8 Ch8I8ClcI D 8Il IlSc8S Il IS
mDSlQQ8Dj m8uIcSl IuUcIc8lIDu DIlSmcl8QhjSIC8 C8ImDDcIug SIlu8lc0
8DDVc 8u0 DcjDu0 lImc lD IlS 8Clu8 U8uSIcuCc 8S 8mcIcj hum8u WDIK. u0cc0,
8IlWDIKS DcCDmc Ic8lIVc DcC8uSc lhcj muSl8SScIl lhcmScVcS 8S 8DSDulc. hc
QcIcClj DD]cClIV8lc0 8IlWDIK WDu0 Dc 8 lhIug cXISlIug 8DSDulcj Iu-IlSc8u0
uDDugcI 8u MlWDIK.lhc WDIKDcC8mcu8luIc,8SI0c8ISmcXQcClS,IlWDu0 Dc
8uuuc0.LVcISIuCc8lD,DDuIgcDISCDuSCIDuSucSS h8S0cCcIVc0IlSclh8lDD]cC-
lIVc 8ulIuDmIcS CDu0 Dc m8SlcIc0 Dj SlccIIug 8 mI00c CDuISc DclWccu lhcm,
WhcIc8SlhcSDughl-Dulmc8u8W8jSCDuCc8Slhc8ulIuDmj8u0ISlDH8Q8IlDjIl
,
hcQIcC8IIDuSucSSDC8SSICISmISlh8lDlhc 81lWDIKIulcImSDIlSDWuCDuCcQl.
hc Qu8Il8lIVc c8Qlhc c8Q DjWhICh 8Il 8QQID8ChcS lhc DDuu08Ij lh8l m8IKS
IlSulIm8lc mulcucSSISlhcCDuSumm8lIDuDIlS 8ulIuDmj.
N8CIj SD hDuc0 lhc CDuCcQl D C8SSIC8Ilj lh8l, c8DDI8lIug Du 8u0c8IIc, hc
0uDDc0lhcSuCCcSSHIDm8ulIC MlWDIKC8SSIC8.
-
"hISSU8IuSlhcI0c8DC8SSI-
C8Ilj lD lhc DIc8KIug QDIul. ND0cH 8Il 8Ic80j IcgISlcIc0 lhIS mDIc lh8u DIlj
jc8IS 8gD.l IS Duj Iu IlS Ic8lIDulD lhIS,8S lD 80IS8SlcI,lh8lucDC8SSICISmC8uDc
80cQu8lcj uu0cISlDD0.lI80IIcCljcVI0culIu 8uDc8I8m.llDQQc0lhcIm8_c8 D
8ulIQuIlj IDm lhcII 8lDuIC hc8Vcu. u lhc Q8IulIugS D N8X LHSl lhcj ID8m
8DDul 8S Qh8ulDmS 8mDug Uc DuIghcIS Dlhc 8lc uIuclcculh CculuIj, DI WhDm
lhcj h8Vc Dccu ucuU8IZc0 8S mcIc Cul0I8 gDD0S 8u0 Uj U8uSDImc0 IulD
SQcClcIS, hcIcVcI lhc 8IlmDVcmculSlh8lCDuVcIgc0lcmQDI8IIj Iu IC8SSD 8u0
DlhcIS cXlcH8 lD lhc rcapelDDK uQ lhc lhcmc D8ulIQuIlj, Il c0 8cSlhclIC8j
0IIcCljlD hc,]uSl8S Il 0I0lhcDDgIC8j DI LhIISlI8uIlj. PulIQuIlj ScmDD0Ic0
cQIQh8uj Iu QIDS8IC cVcIj08j Ic, WhICh h8S 8 Dug QIchISlDIj, 0IScuCh8ulS Il.
DDcIj QIcSculc0 8S 8u 8lcmQDI8 uDIm, 8uHQuIlj uDW 8CQuIIcS 8 hISlDIIC8
Sl8luS,U8lDlhcDDuIgcDIS I0c8Ic0uCc0lD IlSD8IcCDulDuIS 8u0Icu0cIc0QDWcI-
cSS. lS DIm IS 0cDIm8lIDu. uH8lc0 IulcIQIcl8lIDuS D ucDC8SSICISm SuCh 8S
LOlc8u Scrdreuprs/edscrdre, 8S Wc 8S lhc SuIIc8ISlIulcIQIcl8lIDu0cC80cS
8lcID8IDm8ulIC IDcI8lIDu D8ul8Sj 8u08SSDCI8lIDu,8SIj lhcQhcuDmcu8lD
lhc QDIulDh8ImcSSucSS. tDDWIug DcSc80,lhcj SummDuuQlhc Shu00cID
lhcIuSl8ulD0IScuCh8ulmcul8ScuCh8ulmcul.h8llhISIuSl8ulW8SuDllD Dc DXc0
DIclcHIlj08muc0lhc DDWcIS DlhcScmDVcmculScIlhcIlD IcSlDI8lIDu DIlD 8
QDWcIcSSIIlu8 DIcVDulIDu8Ij gcSluIIu_. 8u0c8IIcQIDVc0 lD Dc CDIIcCl. Lm-
Qh8lICmD0cH8Il0DcS uDllhIIVcIuLjSI8u Dc0SDcjDu0lhc CDmmD0Ilj DulIS,
I8lhcI, SlIcuglhcuc0DjW8j Dlhc cXQcIIcuCc Dlhc CDmmD0Ilj,WhcIc8S C8SSI-
PAKALlPOMENA ' 2W
C8Ilj IlSc DcCDmcS 8 CDmmD0Ilj, m cXcmQ8Ij 08uD. IcCDl S mOKcIj D lDc
CuluI8 lIc8SuIc ScCuIc0 Dj IlS _u8I0I8uS Iu lDc DIm D Q8SlcI Sl8lucS DII_Iu8lcS
Iu lDc S8mc CDulcXl, lD8l 8 QDSIlIVc CDuCcQl D C8SSIC8Ilj WDIKc0 IlS W8j IulD DIS
lDDu_Dl 8lcI Du, 8S Il 8SD 0I0 Iu lDc 8cSlDclICS D bU8VIuSKj, WDDm IcCDl
SCDDc0 8S 8 1aiIulccClu8, W8S 8S IucVIl8Dc 8S Il W8S IcVc8lDIj D lDc II_I0ID
C8lIDu D lDc bDVIcl \uIDu IulD 8u 8ulDDIIl8II8u Sl8lc. Mc_c S 8llIlu0c lDW8I0
C8SSIC8Ilj W8S 8S 8mDIV8cul 8S lDc 8llIlu0c D DIS QDIDSDQDj lDW8I0 lDc 8lcD8
lIVc DclWccu DulDD_j 8u0 0ju8mICS. Mc _DIIHc0 lDc 8Il D lDc LIccKS 8S clcD8
8u0 uuSuIQ8SS8Dc u0 IcCD_uIZc0 lD8l lDc C8SSIC8 8IlWDIK D80 Dcu SuQ8SSc0
Dj WD8l Dc C8c0 lDc IDm8ulIC 8IlWDIK. MISlDIj, WDDSc VcI0ICl Dc S8uClIDuc0, D80
IlSc 0cCI0c0 8_8IuSl IuVII8uCc. MIS ScuSc D lDc DDSDcSCcuCc D 8Il m8j Wc
D8Vc Dccu CDDIc0 Dj 8 QIcSculImcul D SuCD QH_IcSS. u SUIClj Mc_cI8u lcI0S,
C8SSICISm, 8Du_ WIlD IlS mD0cH SuDIm8lc0 DIm, IS IcSQDuSIDc DI IlS DWu 8lc.
mm8ucul CIIlIQucIlS mDSl m8_uIDCcul mD0c, Du lDc mDSl m8_uIHCcul DD]cCl,
IS cu]mIuS Slu0j D lDc ElectiveqnitiespursucslDc I8_IIlj D C8uDuIC8
WDIKS IulD lDc 0cQUS D lDcII lIulD CDulcul, lDc H QDlculI8 D SuCD CIIlIQuc SlI
Icm8IuS lD Dc 0cVcDQc0 8u0 0ISCDVcIc0. P Iu0cc0 ucVcI cmDI8Cc0 lDc I0c8 D
C8SSIC8Ilj 8 lD8l II_DIDuSj, lD 0D SD, Il WDu0 D8Vc ucc0c0 lD DC D8I0cI Du IlSc
lD8u Il Iu _cucI8 D8S DCcu, 8D0 WDcu Il W8S, lDcu Il Ic8j 08m8_c0 IlSc 8D0 0I0
IlSc Iu]uSlICc. Dc Hcc0Dm D 8Il VIS-8-VIS lDc DimnecessitusD lDc 8Clu8 IS
IuCDmQ8lIDc WIlD CSSIC8Ilj Iu lDc ScuSc D QcIcCl uuIVDCIlj, WDICD IS 8S muCD
DDIIDWc0 Dm lDc CDmQuSIDu D IucVIl8DIIlj 8S Il IS DQQDSc0 lD Il Dj VIIluc D IlS
U8uSQ8Icul QuIIlj. SammamiassammuiniariuIS 8u 8cSUclIC m8XIm. Dc mDIc
8Il QuISucS lDc D_IC D C8SSICISm 8u0 SccKS lD DcCDmc m IuCDIIuQlIDc Ic8Ilj SuI
_cucIIS, lDc mDIc Iu00I8lcj Il QIcV8IIC8lcS 8u ImQcucU8Dc lDIcSDD0 DclWccu
IlSc 8u0 cmQIIIC8 IcIlj. DcIc IS SDmc ]uSlICc lD lDc SQcCu8lIDu lD8l, Iu IlS
Ic8lIDu DclWccu WD8l Il 8yS C8Im lD 8u0 WD8l Il IS, 8Il DcCDmcS 8 lDc mDIc
QIDDcm8lIC lDc mDIc II_DIDuSj, lDc mDIc DD]cClIVcj, Iu0cc0I Duc WIlDc
mDIc C8SSIC8j Il QIDCCc0S, lDDu_D WIlD lDc C8Vc8l lD8l lDc SIlu8lIDu D 8Il IS uDl
Iu lDc c8Sl ImQIDVc0 WDcu Il m8KcS lDIu_S c8SIcI DI IlSc.
-
. PAKALMNA
hcu cu]8mIu CIIlICIZc0 lhc 8QQIC8lIDu lD Ml D lhc C8lc_DIy D ucCcSSIly,^` hc
W8S CDuCcHc0 WIlh lhc CuluI8 hISlDII8u S SuDlcIu_c D C8ImIu_ lh8l Duc 8Il-
WDIK DI 8uDlhcI W8S ucCcSS8Iy DI lhc CDuISc D 8IlS 0cVcDQmcul. 1u 8Cl, lhIS
CDuCcQl D ucCcSSIly 0DcS uD lhc SuD8lcH 8QDD_clIC uuClIDu D 8llcSlIu_ lh8l
WIlhDul SDmc Sl8c D0 WDIKS, D WhICh lhcIc IS uDlhIu_ DlhcI lD QI8ISc, lhcIc
WDu0 h8Vc Dccu uD _cllIu_ 8uy uIlhcI.
hc DUcI Iu 8Il IuhcIcS Iu 8IlS DWu CDuCcQl 8u0 Iu cVcIy IuSl8ul lhIc8lcuS lD CI0Sh
Il ]uSl 8S ucD-LDlhIC cW 3DIK ChuIChcS 8u0 c_cuSDuI_S mc0IcV8 CIly CculcI
WcIc 0cSUDyc0 Whcu lhcy DcC8mc U8DC ImQc0ImculS. P IS uD DXc0 Scl D
DDuu0MIcS Dul I8lhcI 8 mDmcul8Iy 8u0 I8_Ic D88uCc, CDmQ8I8Dc lD lhc 0y-
u8mIC D88uCc DclWccu lhc c_D 8u0 lhc I0 Iu lhc QSyChDD_IC8 SQhcIc. 80 8Il-
WDIKS DcCDmc D80 Duy DcC8uSc lhcy DD]cClIVcy I8ISc lhc C8Im lD DcIu_ 8Il, 8
C8Im lhcy 0IS8VDW SuD]cClIVcy, 8S Mc0WI_ LDuIlhS-N8hcI^" 0I0 Iu 8 uDl8Dc
cllcI. hc CIIlIQuc lh8l 0cmDuSlI8lcS hDW D80 lhcy 8Ic ucVcIlhccSS hDuDIS lhcm
8S 8IlWDIKS. hcy 8Ic 8IlWDIKS 8u0 lhcu 8_8Iu lhcy 8Ic uDl.
1u lhc CDuISc D hISlDIy, WDIKS lh8l WcIc uDl QID0uCc0 8S 8Il DI WcIc QID0uCc0
QIIDI lD lhc 8_c D IlS 8ulDuDmy 8Ic 8Dc lD DcCDmc 8Il, 8u0 lhc S8mc IS QDSSIDc Iu
lhc C8Sc D CDulcmQDI8Iy WDIKS lh8l Ch8cu_c lhcII DWu Sl8luS 8S 8Il. hIS DDVI-
DuSy 0OS uDl h8QQcu, hDWcVcI, Iu lhc ScuSc D CDuSlIlulIu_ 8 Qul8lIVcy V8u8Dc
QIcImIuMy SlcQ lDW8I0 SDmclhIu_ WDIlhWhIc. Lu lhc CDulI8Iy, 8S DCCuIIc0 Iu
lhc IuSl8uCc D SuIIc8ISm, SQcCIDC 8cSlhclIC Qu8IlIcS m8y cmcI_c lh8l WcIc Ic-
]cClc0 Dy 8u 8ulI-8Il 0cQDIlmcul th8t ncVct 8ChIcVc0 It8 gO8 O! DcCOmIng 8 QOItI-
C8 DICc, lhIS IS lhc Sh8Qc D lhc C8IccIS D ImQDIl8ul SuDc8ISlS SuCh 8S N8SSDu.
LQu8y, Wh8l DuCc W8S 8Il m8y Cc8Sc lD Dc 8Il. hc 8V8I8DIIly D lI80IlIDu8 8Il
DI IlS DWu 0cQI8V8lIDu h8S IcUD8ClIVc QDWcI. 1uuumcI8Dc Q8IulIu_S 8u0 SCuQ-
luIcS h8Vc Dccu lI8uSDImc0 Iu lhcII DWu cSScuCc lD mcIc 0cCDI8lIDu 8S 8 IcSul
D lhcII DWu DSQIIu_. PuyDuc WhD WDu0 0cCI0c lD Q8Iul CuDISlIC8y Iu VJ
WDu0 Dc QIDVI0Iu_ QDSlcIS uScu DI 80VcIlIScmculS, 8u0 lhc DII_Iu8S, lDD, 8Ic
uDl S8c IDm DcIu_ SD0 D Chc8Q.
I80IlIDu CDu0 Dc S8V8_c0 Duy Dy IlS ScQ8I8lIDu IDm lhc SQc D IuW8I0ucSS.
LIc8l 8IlWDIKS D lhc Q8Sl WcIc ucVcI I0culIC8 WIlh IuWM0cSS, mDSl cXQD0c0 Il
lhIDu_h cXlcH8IZ8lIDu. blIICly SQc8KIu_, cVcIy MlWDIK IS 8 CIIlIQuc D IuWM0-
ucSS Iu lh8l Il cXlcH8IZcS 8QQc8I8uCc 8u0 lhuS IS CDulI8Iy lD lhc I0cDD_y D
IuW8I0ucSS, WhICh lI80IlIDu cQu8lcS WIlh lhc hD8I0c0-uQ lIc8SuIc D SuD]cClIVc
IcCDcClIDu.
hc IulcIQIcl8lIDu D 8Il D8Sc0 Du IlS DII_Iu IS 0uDIDuS 8CIDSS lhc DD8I0. IDm DID-
_I8QhIC8 IcSc8ICh Du lhc Slu0y D CuluI8-hISlDIIC8 IuHucuCcS lD DulDD_IC8
SuDIm8lIDuS D lhc CDuCcQl D DII_Iu. P lhc S8mc, DII_Iu IS uDl I80IC8y cXlcH8
PAKALMENA | Jl
lD lhc WDIX. l I S 8u ImQICIl Q8Il D 8IlWDIXS lh8l lhcj 8Ic 8IlI8ClS. hc CDuDguI8
lIDuS Sc0Imculc0 Iu c8Ch 800IcSS lhc CDulcXl Dm WhICh Il ISSuc0. u c8Ch IlS IXc~
ucSS lD IlS DIIgIuS IS lhIDWu IulD IcIc Dj Wh8l Il DcC8mc. hIS 8ulIlhclIC IS cSScu~
lI8 lD IlS CDulcul. lS Imm8ucul 0ju8mIC CIjSl8IZcS lhc 0ju8mIC cXlcD8 lD Il 8u0
Iu0cc0 0DS SD Dj VIIluc D IlS 8QDIclIC Ch8I8ClcI. cg8I0cSS D lhcII Iu0IVI0u8
cu0DWmculS 8u0 CDuU8Ij lD lhcm, I 8IlWDIXS 8Ic uu8Dc lD 8ChIcVc lhcII mDu-
80DDgIC8 uuIlj, lhcj SuCCumD lD Ic8 hISlDIIC8 QIcSSuIc, Il DcCDmcS Uc DICc
lh8l IuW8I0j 0ISDC8lcS lhcm. hIS IS uDl lhc c8Sl D lhc Ic8SDuS Whj 8u 8IlWDIX
IS 80cQu8lcj QcICcIVc0 Duj 8S 8 QIDCcSS. hDWcVcI lhc Iu0IVI0u8 WDIX IS 8
DICc Dc0, 8 0ju8mIC CDuDguI8HDu D IlS ccmculS, lhIS hD0S uD cSS DI 8Il IlSc
8S 8 WhDc. hcIcDIc 8Il C8uuDl Dc uu0cISlDD0 8 8l DuCc, Dul Duj Iu lcImS D IlS
ccmculS, Iu 8 mc0I8lc0 8ShIDu. Luc D lhcSc ccmculS IS lh8l Dj WhICh 8IlWDIXS
CDuU8Sl WIU Wh8l IS uDl 8Il, lhcII 8llIlu0c lD DD]cClIVIlj Ch8ugcS.
hc hISlDIIC8 lcu0cuCj Ic8ChcS QHDuu0j IulD lhc 8cSlhclIC CIIlcII8. l 0cCI0cS,
DI IuSl8uCc, WhclhcI SDmcDuc IS 8 m8uucIISl. h8l IS Wh8l b8Iul-b8CuS 8CCuSc0
LcDuSSj D DcIug. IcQuculj lhc ucW 8QQc8IS 8S 8 SDIl D m8uucIISm, WhclhcI lhc
ucW IS mDIc lh8u lh8l C8u Dc 0ISCcDc0 Duj Dj XuDWc0gc D lhc hISlDIIC8 lcu-
0cuCj. 3cl lhc lcu0cuCj IS uD 8IDIlcI cIlhcI. u Il Uuc 8u0 8Sc CDuSCIDuSucSS
CDmmIugc, Il lDD IS DQcu lD CIIlICISm. DI lhIS Ic8SDu lhc QIDCcSS lh8l U8uSQIIcS
DclWccu lcu0cuCj 8u0 m8uucIISm IS ucVcI DuIShc0 8u0 IcQuIIcS lIIccSS IcVISIDu,
m8uucIISm IS 8S muCh 8 QIDlcSl 8g8IuSl lhc hISlDIIC8 lcu0cuCj 8S lh8l hISlDIIC8
lcu0cuCj uum8SXS Wh8l IS mcIcj CDulIugcul 8u0 8IDIlI8Ij Iu 8 m8uucIISm 8S lhc
U80cm8IXS D lhc WDIX.
IDuSl, 8u0 8lcI hIm 8huWcIcI, 8guc0 lh8l Q8IulIug h80 U8uSDImc0 VISIDu
8n0 lhuS lhc DD]cClS. MDWcVcI 8ulhculIC lhIS cXQcDcuCc m8j Dc, Il m8j h8Vc Dccu
DImu8lc0 lO I0c8ISlIC8j. hc IcVcISc mIghl 8SD Dc SuQQDSc0 lh8l lhc DD]cClS
lhcmScVcS WcIc hISlDIIC8j U8uSDImc0, lh8l lhc ScuSDIIum CDuDImc0 lD lhIS,
8u0 lh8l Q8IulIug lhcu Duu0 lhc CIQhcIS DI lhIS U8uSDIm8lIDu. LuDISm CDu0 Dc
IulcQIclc0 8S 8 DIm D Ic8ClIDu lD 8 Sl8gc D lhc I8HDumIZ8lIDu D lhc SDCI8
WDI0 lh8l uu0cIlDDX IlS gcDmclIIC8 DIg8uIZ8lIDu, Iu lhcSc lcImS CuDISm W8S 8u
8llcmQl lD DIIug WIlhIu lhc DDuu0S D cXQIIcuCc Wh8l IS DlhcIWISc CDuU8Ij lD Il,
]uSl 8S ImQIcSSIDuISm h80 SDughl lD 0D 8l 8u c8IIcI 8u0 uDl jcl uj Q8uuc0 Sl8gc
D Iu0uSlII8IZ8lIDu. j CDuU8Sl, Wh8l IS Qu8Il8lIVcj ucW Iu CuDISm IS lh8l,
WhcIc8S ImQIcSSIDuISm uu0cIlDDX lD 8W8Xcu 8u0 S8V8gc 8 Ic lh8l W8S DcCDm-
Iug uumD Iu lhc CDmmD0Ilj WDI0 Dj lhc SlIcuglh D IlS DWu 0ju8mIC, CuDISm 0c-
SQ8IIc0 D mj SuCh QDSSIDIIlj 8u0 8CCcQlc0 lhc hclcIDuDmDuS gcDmclIIZ8lIDu D
lhc WDI0 8S IlS ucW 8W, 8S IlS DWu DI0cI, 8u0 lhuS m80c IlSc lhc gu8I8ulDI D lhc
DD]cClIVIlj D 8cSlhclIC cXQcIIcuCc. MISlDIIC8j, CuDISm 8ulICIQ8lc0 SDmclhIug
Ic8, lhc 8cD8 QhDlDgI8QhS D DDmDc0-Dul CIlIcS 0uDug DI0 8I . l W8S
lhIDugh CuDISm U8l 8Il DI lhc DISl lImc 0DCumculc0 lh8l Ic uD DugcI IVcS. hIS
302 | PAKALOMENA
IcCDguIlIDu W8S uDl c DI0cDDgj. LuDISm SuDSlIlulc0 lhc I8lIDu8IZc0 DI0cI
DI Wh8l h80 DcCDmc uucXQcIIcuCc8Dc 8u0 lhcHDj CDuDImc0 Il. hIS QIDD8Dj
0IDVc IC8SSD8u0I8Quc DcjDu0 CuDISm,lhDughlhcII8lcIWDIKS WcIc uDlucC-
cSS8IIjSuQcIIDIlD Il.
hc 8llIlu0c D8IlWDIKS lD hISlDIj Iu 0 V8IIcS hISlDIIC8j. LuK8CS 0cC8Ic0 Iu
8uIulcIVIcW8DDulIcCculIlcI8l0Ic,cSQcCI8jcCKcll. JuSlW8Illcu,Dlccujc8IS
8u0 jDu Scc Wh8lQcDQc WI S8j lhcu. Mc lhuS 80DQlc0lhc Sl8u0QDIulD8Q8-
lcH8ISlIC, 8I-SccIug DuSIucSSm8u WhD W8ulS lD 08mQcu lhc culhuSI8Sm D hIS
SDu, ImQICIljhcIuVDKcSDI8Il0uI8DIIlj 8u0ulIm8lcjlhcC8lcgDIjDQDSScS-
SIDu. blI, 8IlWDIKS 8Ic uDl Iu0IcIcul lD lhc 0uDIDuS ]u0gmcul D hISlDIj. Pl
lImcS Qu8Ilj h8S hISlDIIC8j 8SScIlc0 IlSc 8g8IuSl QIcCIScj lhDSc WDIKS lh8l
WcIc SImQj CDulcul lD SWIm WIlh Uc lI0cS Dlhc ZcIlgcISl. 1l IS I8Ic lh8l WDIKS
lh8l h8Vc WDu gIc8l IcuDWu h8Vc uDl Iu SDmc W8j 0cScIVc0 Il. hc 0cVcDQmcul
D cgIlIm8lc IcuDWu, hDWcVcI, ucCcSS8IIj CDIuCI0c0 WIlh lhc uuD0Iug Dlhc
IuucI 8W D lhDSc 8IlWDIKS lhIDugh IulcIQIcl8lIDu, CDmmcul8Ij, 8u0 CIIlIQuc.
hISQu8Ilj ISuDl0IIcClj QID0uCc0Djlhcccmaniscpinic, c8Sl D8Dj lh8l
m8uIQu8lc0 Djlhc CuluIcIu0uSUj,8QuDIC]u0gmculWhDSc Ic8lIDu lDlhc WDIK
IS QucSlIDu8Dc.1l IS 8 0ISgI8Ccu SuQcISlIlIDu lh8l Dlccu jc8IS 8lcI lhc 8Cl lDc
]u0gmculD8u8ulI-IulccClu8]Du8ISlDI8muSICDDgISlDlhc gDD0 D0SChDD
ShDu0 Dc hc0 lD Dc mDIc SIguIDC8ul U8u Wh8l ISQcICcIVc0 Iu Uc IuSl8ul Dlhc
WDIK S8QQc8I8uCc.
hc8HcIIcD8IlWDIKS, UcIIIcCcQlIDu8S8u8SQcClDlhcIIDWuhISlDIj,U8uSQIIcS
DclWccu 8 0D-uDl-lcl-jDuISc-Dc-uu0cISlD0 8u0 8 W8ulIug-lD-Dc-uu0cISlDD0,
lhISlcuSIDuISlhc 8lmDSQhcIc Iuh8DIlc0Dj8Il.
N8ujc8IjWDIKSDucWmuSIC,DcgIuuIugWIlhlhclhDScDbChDcuDIgSmI00c
QcIID08u0WIlhcDcHSWDIKS,h8Vc 8Ch8I8ClcIDuulDuCh8DIIlj,8IcI8ClDII-
ucSSlh8lIcDuS lhc ISlcucIDjlhc SUcuglhDlhcI1DD]cClIV8lIDu,WhIChDcCDmcS
8 Ic D IlS DWu, Il IS 8S IIcCDguIZIug lhc QIIDIIlj D SuCh WDIKS 8Ic80j 0DcS
lhcm8u Iu]uSlICc.
AKAL!MLNA . 303
Dc QDIOSOQDIC8 COBSUClIOB O lDc uBcQuIVOC8 QIIm8Cj O lDc WDOc OVcI lDc
Q8Il IS 8S 8IcB lO 8tl 8S Il IS cQISlcmOO_IC8j uBlcB8Dc. B ImQOIl8Bl WOIKS, 0c-
l8IS BcVcI mcI_c U8CccSSj IBlO lDc lOl8Ilj. LcIl8IBj lDc 8ulOBOmIZ8lIOB O lDc
0cl8IS, WDcB lDcj DcCOmc IB0IHcIcBl lO lDc BcXuS O lDc WOIK 8B0 Ic0uCc Il lO
8 SuDOI0IB8lIB_ SCDcm8, IS 8CCOmQ8BIc0 Dj lDc Ic_IcSSIOB O lDc WOIK lO lDc
QIc8IlISlIC. Xcl 8IlWOIKS 0ISlIB_uISD lDcmScVcS QIO0uClIVcj IOm lDc mcIcj
SCDcm8lIC cXCuSIVcj Dj lDc ccmcBl O lDc 8ulOBOmj O lDcII 0cl8IS, cVcIj 8u
lDcBlIC WOIK IS lDc IcSul O CcBUIQcl8 8B0 CcBUIu_8 OICcS. PBjOBc WDO ISlcBS
lO muSIC SccKIB_ Oul lDc Dc8ulIu Q8SS8_cS IS 8 0IcIl8Blc, Dul WDOcVcI IS uB8Dc
lO QcICcIVc Dc8ulIu Q8SS8_cS, lDc V8IjIB_ 0cBSIlj O IBVcBlIOB 8B0 lcXluIc IB 8
WOIK, IS 0c8. \BlI lDc mOSl IcCcBl 0cVcOQmcBlS IB 8Il, 0IcIcBlI8IIOB DclWccB
lDc IBlcBSIVc 8B0 lDc ScCOB08Ij WIlDIB 8 WDOc W8S 8B 8CCcQlc0 8IlISlIC mc8BS, lDc
Bc_8lIOB O lDc WDOc lDIOu_D Q8IlI8 WDOcS IS IlSc 0cm8B0c0 Dj lDc WDOc. h
lO08j lDIS QOSSIDIIlj IS 0IS8QQc8IIB_, lDIS IS BOl OBj lDc lIIumQD O 8 SUuCluI8lIOB
lD8l 8l cVcIj IBSlDl W8DlS lO Dc cQu8j Bc8I lDc mI0QOIBl WIlDOul 8IB_ S8CK, Il
IS 8SO lDc IcSul O lDc clD8 QOlcBlI8 IBDcIcBl IB lDc COBU8ClIOB O lDc mc8BS O
8lICu8lIOB. P C8BBOl Dc I80IC8j ScQ8I8lc0 HOm lDc IBSl8Bl O DcIB_ lOuCDc0,
O cBCD8BlmcBl, lD8l IBSl8Bl O ccV8lIOB, WIlDOul DcIB_ COBOuB0c0 IB lDc IB0I
cIcBl. DIS IBSl8Bl, DOWcVcI muCD Il IS 8SO 8 HBClIOB O lDc WDOc, IS BcVcI-
lDccSS cSScBlI8j Q8IlICu8I. Dc WDOc BcVcI OcIS IlSc lO 8cSlDclIC cXQcIIcBCc
IB lD8l Immc0I8Cj WIlDOul WDICD 8cSlDclIC cXQcIIcBCc C8BBOl Dc COBSlIlulc0.
PcSIDcIIC 8SCclICISm lOW8I0 lDc 0cl8I 8B0 lDc 8lOmISlIC COmQOIlmcBl O lDc Ic-
CIQIcBl IB0cc0 D8S 8B 8SQcCl O IcBuBCI8lIOB 8B0 lDIc8lcBS lO 0cQIIVc 8tl O IlS VcIj
cImcBl.
D8l 8ulOBOmOuS 0cl8IS 8Ic cSScBlI8 lO lDc WDOc IS COBDImc0 Dj lDc IcQuSIVc
Qu8Ilj O 8cSlDclIC8j COBCIclc 0cl8IS lD8l Dc8I lDc U8Cc O DcIB_ QIcSCIIDc0
IOm 8DOVc, O IB lIulD DcIB_ DclcIOBOmOuS. DcB bCDIcI IB wullenstein's
Cump'IDjmcS lDc WOI0S `OlZ IlZ WIlD `LuSlc VOB 8ScWIlZ Dc OulSIIIQS
IB 8DSlt8ClBcSS lDc mOSl Q8I0 C8SSICISm, lDIS 8SQcCl IcB0cIS Q8jS IKc wullen-
steinIBSuQQOIl8Dc.
Pl QIcScBl, lDc 0cl8IS O 8tlWOIKS lcB0 lO Dc SuDmcI_c0 IB lDc WDOc IDIOu_D IBlc-
_I8lIOB. BOl, DOWcVcI, uB0cI IDc QIcSSuIc O Q8BBIB_ Dul I8lDcI DcC8uSc lDcj 8Ic
lDcmScVcS 0I8WB lO lDcII OWB 8BBIDI8lIOB. D8l _IVcS 0cl8IS mc8BIB_, cuchet,
8B0 0ISlIB_uISDcS lDcm HOm lDc IB0IHcIcBl IS lD8l Dj WDICD lDcj SccK lO _O Dc-
jOB0 lDcmScVcS, lDc QIcCOB0IlIOB Imm8BcBl lO lDcm O lDcII SjBIDcSIS. l IS lDcII
0c8lD 0IIVc lD8l QcImIlS lDc IBlc_I8lIOB O lDc 0cl8IS. DcII lcB0cBCj lO 0ISSOCI8-
lIOB 8B0 lDcII lcB0cBCj lO uBIDC8lIOB 8tc BOl I80IC8j OQQOSc0 lO c8CD OlDcI. B
lD8l Il IS QOSIlc0 8B0 lDcIcOIc IBSuDCIcBl, lDc 0cl8I IS IBcVIl8Dj Ic8lIVIZc0. LIS-
IBlc_I8lIOB IBDcIcS IB lDc 0cQID O IBlc_I8lIOB 8B0 SDImmcIS lDIOu_D Il. B0cc0 lDc
WDOc, lDc mOIc 0cl8I Il 8DSOIDS, IlSc ccClIVc] DcCOmcS 8 0cl8I , OBc ccmcBl
J4 ' PAKALlPOMENA
8mDug DlhcIS, 8 Slugu8Illj. hc CI8Vlug D lhc 0cl8l DI llS DWu 8uulhl8llDu
DcCDmcS lhc 0cm8u0 D lhc WhDc. Pu0 lu0cc0 QIcClScj DcC8uSc lllhc WhDc~
cXllugulShcS lhc 0cl8l . 1 lhcj h8Vc lIuj 0lS8QQ8Ic0 lulD lhC WhDc, l lhc WhDc
DcCDmcS 8u 8cSlhclC Q8IllCu8I, llS I8llDu8llj DScS llS I8llDu8llj, WhlCh W8S
uDlhlug DlhcI lh80 lhc Ic8llDu D lhc Q8IllCu8tS lD lhc WhDc, lD lhc 8lm lh8l
0cDucU lhcm 8S mc8uS. 1 lhc SjulhcSlS lS uD DugcI 8 SjulhcSlS D SDmclhlug, ll
DcCDmcS uu. hc V8Cullj D lhc lcChulC8j lulcgI8lc0 SUCluIc lS 8 SjmQlDm D
llS 0lSlulcgI8llDu lhIDugh l8ulDDglC8 lu0lcIcuCc. 1u lhc DQ8Cllj D lhc QcIcClj
uuSQDul8ucDuS WDIK, 8 WDIK lh8l h8S lDl8j Ic]cClc0 SuD]cCllVc luSQlI8llDu, uuC-
llDucSS uuCllDuIug U8uSDImS lhc ccmcul D DQ8Cllj lulD lhc 8l8llj lh8l 8Il
8W8jS DDIc lu llSc 8S llS mImcllC luhcIIl8uCc. hlS C80 Dc cXQlC8lc0 lu lhc muSl-
C8 C8lcgDIj D luSQlI8llDu. bChDcuDcIg, cIg, 8u0 cVcu cDcH IcuSc0 lD glVc
ll uQ, lhcj CIlllClZc0 IcucK 8u0 blcucIm8uu. PClu8j, CDuSUCllVlSm uD DugcI
gI8ulS 8uj IDc lD luSQlI8llDu, WhlCh lS uuQ8uuc0 MDlU8IIucSS. bChOuDcIg S lu-
SQI8llDuS, WhlCh ~hc CDuDImc0 ~8SD uuUcI8j hlS lWcVc-lDuc CDmQDSlllDuS,
Mc SlmQj lu0cDlcU lD lhc lmllS Scl Dj hlS CDuSUuCllVc QIDCc0uIcS, lmIlS lh8l
DlhcIS Ch8Xc0 uQ lD 8 8CK D CDuScQucull8llj. ul l lhc ccmcul D luSQIt8llDu
WcIc Hj lQul08lc0, l CDmQDScIS WcIc uDl QcImIllc0 lD Dc luSQlIc0 Dj DImS 8S
8 WhDc, WhlCh WDu0 luSlc80 Dc QIc0clcImluc0 cXCuSlVcj Dj lhc m8lcII8, lhc
IcSul WDu0 DSc llS DD]cCllVc lulcIcSl 8u0 8 mulc. j CDulI8Sl, lhc Q8uSlDc
0cm8u0 DI lhc IcSlllullDu D luSQlI8llDu SucIS Dm QDWcIcSSucSS. u 8Il Duc
C8u h8IUj QDSlu8lc 8 CDuulcIV8llug DICc lD lhc QIDgI8mm8llC QIDgIm 8ll-
C8j. LDmQDSlllDuS lh8l, Dul D 0lSguSl Wllh lhclI DWu 8DSU8CUcSS, SUIVc DI
momCnl8 o! In8QIt8tIon, QtolC8n 8ub8IdI8ty !otm8 8nd lhCIt CndoWmCnl WIlh Ch8I-
8ClcI, cXQDSc lhcmScVcS lD lhc DD]cClIDu D Dclug IclIDSQcCllVc, 8S l lu lhcSc
WDIXS ScCDu0 8cSlhcllC Ic0cClDu-Dul D c8I D lhc 8l8llj IuhcIcul lD I8llDu8-
lZ8lIDu -SlmQj lguDIcU lhc CDuSU8lulS D I8UDu8lZ8lIDu Du lhc D8SlS D 8 SuD]cC-
llVc 0cClSlDu. 88S DDScSSlVcj V8Ilc0 Sllu8llDu~Wh8lcVcI Duc 0DcS, ll lS 0Duc
WIDug-h8S DcCDmc lhc Sllu8lDu D 8Il llSc. P lh8l IlgDIDuSj D8uS luSQlI8llDu
lS CDu0cmuc0 lD lu0lcIcuCc, Dul l luSQI8llDu lS clChc0 D8CK, ll Q8cS lD 8
Sh80DW, 8mDSl lD 8 DCllDu. PIc80j lu bChOuDcIg S 8ulhcullC WDIKS, SuCh 8S hlS
Fierrctlanuire,luSQlI8llDuS WcIc lugculDuSj uu8ulhcullC, I8CluIc0, 8u0 ShH0Kcu
lD 8 SDIl D mIulmum cXlSlcuCc. hc QucSllDu D lhc Wclghl D 0cl8lS lu ucW Ml-
WDIKS lS lu0cc0 SD IccV8ul DcC8uSc uD cSS lh8u lu lhc lDl8llj D ucW 8IlWDIKS
lhc SuDlm8llDu D DIg8ulZc0 SDClclj~SOlclj lS 8SD cmDD0lc0 lu lhc 0cl8lS.
bDClclj lS lhc cIllc SDI U8l SuDlm8lcS 8cSUcllC DIm. hc 0cl8IS D 8IlWDIXS
Dch8Vc ]uSl 8S 0D lu0lVl0u8S lu SDClclj WhD, Dj lhclI DWu lulcIcSlS 8Igcj DQ-
QDSc0 lD SOlclj, 8Ic uDl Duj /uitsscciuaxDul SOlclj llSc, IcQID0uCc0 Dj 8u0
IcQID0uClug ll 8u0 UcIcDIc 8SScIllug lhcmScVcS 8g8luSl ll. P lS lhc 8QQ8t8uCc
D lhc SDCl8 0l8cCllC D lhc uulVcIS8 8u0 lhc lu0lVl0u8 mcUl8lc0 Dj lhc SuD]cC~
llVc SQlIll. 1l gDcS DcjDu0 lhlS 0l8cCllC luSD8I 8S ll 0OS uDl SlmQj C8Dj Dul lhlS
0l8cCllC Dul HDcClS ll lhIDugh DD. lguI8llVcj, llS Q8IllCu8IlZ8llDu mcS
PAKALIPOMENA . J5
gOO0 OB lDc QcIQclu8lc0 IB]uSlICc O SOCIclj lO lhc IB0IVI0u8S. D8l DIB0cIS Il
IB lDIS IcSlIlulIOB IS lD8l Il IS uB8Dc lO QcIODB 8BjlDIBg lD8l Il C8BBOl cXlI8Cl 8S
8 COBCIclc QOSSIDIIlj IOm lDc SOCIclj IB WDICD Il D8S IlS OCuS. LOBlcmQOI8Ij
SOCIclj IS 8lOgclDcI IcmOlc Om 8Bj SlIuCluI8 lI8BSOD8lIOB lD8l WOu0 gIVc
IB0IVI0u8S lhcII 0uc 8B0 lDuS 0ISSIQ8lc lDc SQC O IB0IVI0u8lIOB.
On the Diulectic c/ Ccnstracticn undExpressicnThat c8CD ccmcBl 0I8cClI-
C8j IcVcIScS IBlO lhc OlhcI IS 8 m8XIm O COBlcmQOI8Ij 8Il. lS SUuCluIcS muSl BO
OBgcI cB0c8VOI lO DB0 SOmc COmQIOmISc DclWccB COBSlIuClIOB M0 cXQIcSSIOB
Dul SccK, I8lDcI, lDc cXlIcmcS, SO lD8l IB lDcm, lDIOugD lDcm, 8B cQuIV8cBl C8B Dc
OuB0 OI WD8l 8B O0cI 8cSlDclICS C8c0 SjBlDcSIS. DIS IS B08mcBl8 lO lhc
Qu8Il8lIVc 0cHBIlIOB O mO0cD 8Il. Dc QuI8Ilj O QOSSIDIIlIcS lD8l W8S 8V8I-
8Dc uQ lO lDc lDIcSDO0 O mO0cD 8Il, 8B0 WDICD D80 gIOWB cXlI8OI0IBMIj 0uI-
IBg lDc BIBclccBlh CcBluIj, D8S DccB 0ISQ8Cc0 Dj QO8IIZ8lIOB. hc QOMIZ8lIOB
SOCI8j IcQuISIlc IS m8BIcSl IB 8IlISlIC QO8IIZ8lIOB.
^
DcIc OIg8BIZ8lIOB IS BcC-
cSS8Ij, IB SlIuCluIIBg m8lcII8 Ic 8B0 IB Uc Dum8B Ic8lIOBS lh8l 0cQcB0 OB Il,
lDcIc IS lOO Illc OIg8BIZ8lIOB, lOO muCD IS Cc0c0 lO 8B 8B8ICDISlIC QIIV8lc SQDcIc.
PIl D8S 8 8lIlu0c O Q8j IB WDICD mO0cS O Q8BBIBg C8B Dc 0cVcOQc0 lD8l
WOu0 BOl Dc lOcI8lc0 Dj lDc SOCI8 Ic8lIOBS O QIO0uClIOB. LB lhc OlDcI D8B0, lDc
III8lIOB8 80mIBISlI8lIOB O lDc WOI0 D8S DccB DcIgDlcBc0 lO lDc VIIlu8 IQuI08-
lIOB O lDc cVcI QIcC8IIOuS cXISlcBCc O lDc Q8IlICu8I. DcIc Il SuIVIVcS Il IS m80c
lO ScIVc 8 COmQcmcBl8I I0cOOgj O lDc OmBIQOlcBCc O lDc uBIVcIS8. B0IVI0-
u8 IBlcIcSl lD8l IcuScS lDIS uBIVcIS8 COBVcIgcS WIlD lDc IBlcIcSl O uBIVcIS8,
Ic8IZc0 I8lIOB8Ilj. b8lIOB8Ilj WOu0 DcCOmc I8lIOB8 OBj OBCc Il BO OBgcI
IcQIcSSc0 Uc IB0IVI0u8lc0 IB WDOSc uBO0IBg I8lIOB8Ilj D8S IlS IIgDl lO cXISl.
Xcl lDc cm8BCIQ8lIOB O Uc IB0IVI0u8 COu0 SuCCcc0 OBj lO lDc cXlcBl lD8l Uc
IB0IVI0u8 gI8SQS lDc uBIVcIS8 OB WDICD IB0IVI0u8S 0cQcB0. VcB SOCI8j, 8
Ic8SOB8Dc OI0cI O lDc QuDIC WOI0 COu0 DC 8CDIcVc0 OBj I, 8l lhc OlDcI cX-
lIcmc, OQQSIlIOB lO lDc OVcIj COmQcX 8S Wc 8S IB80cQu8lc OIg8BIZ8lIOB WcIc
lO SuuSc IB0IVI0u8 COBSCIOuSBcSS. lhc IB0IVI0u8 SQDcIc IB 8 CcIl8IB ScBSc
8gS DcDIB0 lDc OIg8BIZc0 WOI0, OIg8BIZ8lIOB SDOu0 BcVcIlDccSS cXISl OI lDc
S8Kc O lDc IB0IVI0u8. Dc III8lIOB8Ilj O OIg8BIZ8lIOB SlI QIOVI0cS 8 mc8SuIc O
Icc0Om lO IB0IVI0u8S. DcII VcSlIgI8Ilj DcCOmcS lDc 8Sl IcSOIl O WD8l WOu0
gO DcjOB0 QIOgIcSSIVc 0OmIB8lIOB. DIS 0jB8mIC O WD8l IS Oul-O-08lc cB0OWS
l8DOO cXQIcSSIOB 8cSlDclIC8j WIlD lDc IIgDl O 8 IcSISl8BCc lD8l 8jS IlS DBgcI
0IIcClj OB lDc uBUulD O lDc WDOc. B SQIlc O IlS I0cOOgIC8 0ISlOIlc0BcSS, lDc
0IVISIOB O QuDIC 8B0 QIIV8lc IB 8Il IS 8 gIVcB IB SuCD 8 8SDIOB lh8l Ml IS uB8Dc
lO C8IIj Oul 8Bj SOIl O lI8BSODB8lIOB WIlDOul cSl8DISDIBg SOmc Ic8lIOB lO lDc
gIVcBBcSS O lDIS 0IVISIOB. D8l IB SOCI8 Ic8Ilj WOu0 8mOuBl lO QOWcIcSS COB-
SO8lIOB D8S 8I mOIc COBCIclc CD8BCcS 8S 8 QcBIQOlcBlI8Ij WIUIB lDc SQDcIc O
8cSlDclICS.
J ' lAKUMLNA
1B IDmSVS, 8IlWOIKS IBuCI8Dj QuISu B8luI-0OmIB8lIB_ I8SOB Dj VIIIu
O IhII mBl O uBIlj, WhICh OI_8BIZS lh WhO. ul IhIOu_h lh 0IS8VOW8
O I8 0OmIB8lIOB lhIS QIIBCIQ IluDS U8uSOIm0, UuBC8l0, IB 8 Sh80OWj
8ShIOB, lO QuI Il ml8QhOIIC8j, WhICh IS QIh8QS lh OBj W8j lO 0SCIID Il.
8SOB IB 8IlWOIKS IS I8SOB 8S _SluI. hj SjBlhSIZ IK I8SOB, Dul BOl WIID
COBCQlS, QIOQOSIlIOBS, 8B0 SjO_ISmS~WhI lhS OImS OCCuI IB MI lhj 0O SO
OBj 8S SuDOI0IB8I0 m8BSI8IhI, Ihj 0O SO Dj W8j O Wh8l lI8BSQIIS IB lh
MlWOIKS. hII SjBlhlIC uBClIOB IS Imm8BBl, Il IS Ih uBIlj O IhII S, WIlhOul
Imm0I8l I8lIOB lO 8ujIhIB_ XlD8 _IVB OI 0lImIB0 IB SOm W8j OI
OlhI, Il IS 0IICl0 lO lh 0ISQIS0, lh 8COBCQlu8, Qu8SI-I8_mBl8Ij m8lII8
WIlh WhICh IB IDII IBIIIOI SQ8C 8IlWOIKS 8I OCCuQI0. IOu_h lhIS ICQlIOB,
8S W 8S lhIOu_h Ih mO0IHC8lIOB O SjBlhSIZIB_ I8SOB, 8IlWOIKS Q8IlICIQ8l
IB lh 0I8CIIC O BI_hlBmBl. LVB m IlS 8SlhlIC8j BulI8IZ0 OIm, hOW-
VI, B8luI-0OmIB8lIB_ I8SOB h8S SOmlhIB_ O lh 0jB8mIC lD8l OBC IBhI0 IB
IlS XlD8 OIm. MOWVI muCh Il IS SQ8I8l0 IOm UIS 0jB8mIC, Ih I0BlIlj O
Ih QIIBCIQ O I8SOB ClS 8 0VOQmBl IBlD8j 8B0 XlD8j Ih8l IS SImI-
8I lO lh XID8 0I8CIIC. IB0OWSS, 8IlWOIKS Q8IlICIQ8l IB CIVIIZ8IIOB. h8l
Dj WhICh 8IlWOIKS 0ISlIB_uISh lhmSVS IOm lh 0IuS COIBCI0S WIlh Ih
8ChIVmBlS O I8SOB Qu8 I8Ilj QIIBCIQ. 1B 8IlWOIKS IhIS I8Ilj QIIBCIQ IS
8S 8ClIV 8S IlS COuBIIQ8II. P C8IIIS Oul lh COIIClIOB O S-QISIVIB_ I8-
SOB, Dul BOl Dj SImQj SllIB_ IlS IB OQQOSIlIOB lO II, I8IhI, lh COIICIIOB O
I8SOB IS C8III0 Oul Dj U I8SOB Imm8BBl lO 8IIWOIKS lhmSVS. hI8S lh
uBIlj O 8IlWOIKS 0IIVS IOm lD VIOBC lh8l I8SOB 0OS lO IhIB_S, lhIS uBIlj IS
8I Ih S8m lIm lD SOuIC O lh ICOBCII8IIOB O lh mBIS O 8IlWOIKS.
1l C8B h8I0j D COBISl0 Ih8l NOZ8II QIOVI00 Ih QIOIOljQ OI Ih D88BC
DlWB OIm 8B0 lh OIm0, lh8l WhICh IS HlIB_ 80 CBUIu_8. hIS D88C,
hOWVI, IS OBj 8S 8ulhBIIC 8S Il IS IB hIS muSIC DC8uS IlS lDm8lIC 8B0 mOlIVIC
CS, lh mOB80S Oul O WhICh Il IS COmQOS0 ~hOWVI muCh lhj 8I COBCIV0
WIIh 8B j lO COBU8Sl 8B0 QICIS 0IIBC~SK lO Qu 8Q8Il VB WhI Ih
l8ClH h8u0 DIB0S lhm lO_IhI. h 8DSBC O VIOBC IB NOZ8IIS muSIC h8S
IlS SOuIC IB lh 8Cl lh8l WIlhIB 8u OVI8IChIB_ D88BC lh Qu8Il8IIV lhuSBSS
O lh 0l8IS IS BOI 8OW0 lO 8UOQhj, 8B0 Wh8l C8B II_hlHj D C80 hIS _BIuS
O OIm IS BOl hIS m8SlIj O OImS ~WhICh W8S OI hIm IB 8Bj C8S 8 _IVB ~Dul
hIS C8Q8CIlj IO mQOj lhm WIlhOul 8B mBl O 0OmIB8lIOB, uSIB_ IDm lO DIB0
lh 0IuS WIlhOul ISlI8IBI. 1OIm IB NOZ8Il IS U QuIIDIIum OuB0 IB CBlIIu-
_8 OICS, BOl IhII SuD]u_8lIOB. hIS IS mOSl VI0BI IB lh 8I_ OQI8lIC OImS,
8S IB lh DB8 O lh SCOB0 8CI O lium, 8 OIm lh8l IS BIlhI COmQOS0 BOI 8
SjBlhSIS~uBIK IBSUumBl8 muSIC Il IS BOl ODI_0 IO II lO SChm8S Ih8I 8I
_IIIm8l0 Dj lh SjBlhSIS O Wh8I lhj SuDSum~Dul I8lhI 8 QuI COBD_uI8-
lIOB O 80]OIB0 Q8IlS WhOS Ch8I8ClI IS WOB HOm lh ShIlIB_ 0I8m8HI_IC8 SIlu8-
IIOB. buCh WOIKS, BO SS lh8B m8Bj O hIS mOSl 8u08CIOuS IBSIIumBI8 mOV-
P AKALPMENA | J
'
mculS, SuCh 8S ScVcI8 DhIS VIDIu CDuCcIlDS,lcu0 8S QIDDuu0j,IuDl 8S DDVI-
DuSj,lDW8I00ISIulcgI8lIDu 8S 0D cclhDVcu S8SlQu8IlclS. NDZ8Il SC8SSIC8Ilj
ISImmuuclD lhc Ch8Igc DC8SSICISm Duj DcC8uScIlISSIlu8lc0Du lhc DDuu081j
D 8 0ISIulcgI8lIDu lh8l Iu cclhDVcu S 8lc WDIKWhICh IS SD muCh mDIc lhc
WDIKDSuD]cClIVcSjulhcSISW8S SuIQ8SSc0Iu lhc CIIlIQuc DlhIS SjulhcSIS.LIS-
IulcgI8lIDuISlhcUulD DIulcgI8 8Il.
NDZ8Il,WhDm 8h8ImDuISlIC 8cSlhclICS lD 8 8QQc8I8uCcS Q8uSIDj C8ImS 8S IlS
Duu08lIDu,lDWcIS DVcI IlSuDImS Dj VIIluc DWh8lIS IlSc,Iulhc CDulcmQDI8Ij
I0IDm, 8DIm80ImcuSIDu. hIS C8Q8CIlj lD uuIj lhc uuuuIH8Dc Dj 0DIug]uSlICc
lD Wh8l lhc 0IVcIgcul muSIC8 Ch8I8ClcIS IcQuIIc WIlhDul 0ISSDVIug Il IulD 8u
DDIg8lDIj CDulIuuum. u lhIS Icg8I0,NDZ8Il IS lhc CDmQDScI D NIcuucSc C8SSI-
CISmWhDISmDSlIcmDlcHDmlhccSl8DIShc0C8SSIC8I0c88u0lhcIcDj 8ChIcVcS
8hIghcII0c8,Wh8lmIghlD C8c08ulhculICIlj [Aathentizitt] .lIS lhISccmcul
Dj WhICh,cVcu IumuSIC,IuSQIlcDIlSuDuIcQIcScul8lIDu8Ilj,lhc 0ISlIuClIDu C8u
Dcm80cDclWccuDIm8ISm8S 8u cmQljg8mc 8u0lh8lDIWhIChlhcHISuDDlhcI
lcImU8uUc 0ISIcQul8DcDuc DQIDuu0Ilj.
hcDIm8 8W D8u 8IlWDIK ISlh8l8 IlS ccmculS 8u0IlS uuIlj muSl D DIg8-
uIZc0 Iu CDuDImIlj WIlh lhcII DWu SQcCIDCCh8I8ClcI.
cC8uSc8IlWDIKS McuDllhcuuIljD8mulIQICIljDulI8lhcIlhcuuIljDlhcDuc
8u0lhcm8uj,lhcj0DuDlCDIuCI0c WIlhQhcuDmcu8Ilj.
1uIljISScmD8uCc,]uSl8SlhcScmD8uCcD8IlWDIKSISCDuSlIlulc0DjlhcIIuuIlj.
hcmDu80DDgIC8Ch8I8ClcID8IlWDIKSWDu0uDlh8VcDImc0WIlhDullhcguIl
DlhcmDuSUDuSmDu80DDgIC8Ch8I8ClcIDSDCIclj,DulDujDjIlSmc8uS 0D 8Il-
WDIKS 8ChIcVc lh8lDD]cClIVIljlh8llI8uSCcu0S SDIQSISm.
J
^
' PAKALlPOMENA
PIl h8S uD uulVcIS8 8WS, lhDugh lu c8Ch D llS Qh8ScS lhcIc CcIl8luj 8Ic DD]cC-
llVcj Dlu0lug l8DDDS. hcj I80l8lc HDm C8uDulC8 WDIXS. hclI VcIj cXlSlcuCc
0cHucS Wh8l DIlhWllh lS uD DugcI QDSSlDc.
bD Dug 8S DImS WcIc 8V8l8Dc Wllh 8 CcIl8lu lmmc0l8Cj, WDIXS CDu0 D CDu-
CIcllZc0 Wllhlu lhcm, lhclI CDuCIcllDu CDu0, lu McgcS 8ugu8gc, Dc lcImc0 lhc
SuDSl8ull8llj D lhc DImS. u lhc CDuISc D lhc lDl8 uDmlu8lSllC mDVcmcul,
lhc mDIc lhlS SuDSl8ull8llj W8S Vlll8lc0-IDm 8 CIlllC8 QcISQcCllVc, ]uSlj SD~
lhc mDIc llS ucVcHhccSS CDulluulug cXlSlcuCc DcC8mc 8 cllcI DI CDuCIclc WDIXS.
h8l W8S DuCc DD]cCllV8lc0 QID0uCllVc DICc W8S U8uSDImc0 lulD 8cSlhcllC
Ic8llDuS D QID0uCllDu 8u0 CDl0c0 Wllh lhc DICcS D QID0uCllDu. tDImS, lh8l
Dj WhlCh 8IlWDIXS SccX lD DcCDmc 8lWDIXS, lhcmScVcS IcQulIc 8ulDuDmDuS
QID0uCllDu. hlS 8l lhc S8mc llmc lhIc8lcuS lhcm. hc CDuCculI8llDu Du DImS 8S 8
mc8uS D 8cSlhcllC DD]cCllVllj 0lSl8uCcS lhcm IDm Wh8l lS lD Dc DD]cCllV8lc0. l lS
DI lhlS Ic8SDu lh8l CuIIculj mD0cS, lhc l0c8S D lhc QDSSlDlllj D 8DWDIXS, SD
Dlcu DVcISh80DW lhc WDIXS lhcmScVcS. u lhc SuDSlllullDu D mc8uS DI cu0S ll lS
QDSSlDc lD IcCDgulZc lhc cXQIcSSlDu D 8 lDl8 SDCl8 mDVcmcul 8S Wc 8S lhc CIl-
SlS D lhc 8IlWDIX. cculcSS IcRcCllDu gI8Vll8lcS lDW8I0 lhc 8uulhl8llDu D Wh8l
lS IcDcClc0. hcIc lS CDmQlCllj DclWccu IcRcCllDu, lD lhc cXlcul lh8l ll 0OS uDl
IcDcCl Du llSc, 8u0 lhc mcIcj QDSllc0 DID lh8l lS lu0lcIcul lD Wh8l ll DIDS.
Lu lhclI DWu, cVcu lhc mDSl cX8Cllug DID8 QIluClQcS 8Ic WDIlhcSS l lhc 8u-
lhcullC WDIXS, DI lhc S8Xc D WhlCh lhc QDuClQcS WcIc SDughl, 8l lD m8lcIl8lZc,
8cSlhcllC uDmlu8lSm h8S lD08j Cumlu8lc0 lu lhlS SlmQc 8ulluDmj.
bD Dug 8S gcuIcS WcIc glVcuS, lhc ucW DDuIlShc0 Wllhlu lhcm. uCIc8Slugj, hDW-
cVcI, ucWucSS h8S ShllC0 lD lhc gcuIcS, DcC8uSc lhcj 8c SC8Cc. mQDIl8ul 8IllSlS
h8Vc IcSQDu0c0 lD lhc uDmlu8lSllC Sllu8llDu cSS lhIDugh ucW WDIXS lh8u lhIDugh
mD0cS D UclI QDSSlDlllj, lhIDugh ljQcS, lhlS CDuHlDulcS uIlhcI lD lhc uu0cI-
mlulug D lhc H80lUDu8 C8lcgDIj D 81lWDIX.
hc QIDDcm8llC D Sljc lS SUlXlugj 8QQ8Icul lu WDIXS D Uc hlghj SljlZc0 0D-
m8lu D c8Ij mD0cHlSm SuCh 8S LcDuSSjS Fellus.llhDul m8Xlug lhc SlghlcSl
CDuCcSSlDu, WlU cXcmQ8j QuIllj, lhlS jIlC8 088 QuSucS llS principiamstili-
suticnis.hc luCDuSlSlcuClcS lh8l IcSul 8Ic lu uD W8j lhc 8ul D lh8l SuQQDSc0
lhlu-DDD0c0ucSS lh8l lS CIlllClZc0 Dj lhDSc WhD 8Ic uD DugcI 8Dc lD DDW lhc
WDIXS QIluClQc D SljlZ8llDu. hc mDuDlDuj D lhc QlcCc lS SlIlXlug 8u0 Wc
XuDWu. hc IlgDI D lhc WDIX S IcuS8S QIDhlDllS lhc DIm8llDu D CDuH8SlS 8S
Chc8Q 8u0 D8u8 DI Ic0uCcS lhcm lD mcIc lullm8llDuS. hlS 08m8gcS lhc 8IllCu8-
llDu, lhc DIg8ulZ8llDu D DIm Dj SuDSl0l8Ij SHCluIcS, lh8l lS SD lu0lSQcuS8Dc lD 8
WDIX WhDSc ullm8lc CIllcIlDu lS uullj D DIm, hcIc SljlZ8llDu lguDIcS lhc IcCDg-
ulllDu lh8l 8 uullj D Sljc muSl Dc lhc uullj D 8 mullQlCllj. hc uululcIIuQlc0
QS8mD0j, Q8IllCu8Ij D lhc VDC8 luc, 8CXS Wh8l D0cI muSlC8 lcImluDDgj
PAKALPOMENA L J
C8c0 Abesun, 8 COuCu0Iug QhI8Sc OI ScClIOu. Ic0cmQlIOu, HDmcul, QOuIIug
OIlh. lS S8CIIDCc Iu lhc IulcIcSl O 8 ccIug OI 8 Q8Sl lh8l IS cOuS 0ISl8ul C8uScS 8
IuQluIc Iu lhc WOIX, 8S I Wh8l h80 Dccu QIODISc0 h80 uOl Dccu Ic0ccmc0. 8Slc,
I8ISc0 lO lhc cVc O lOl8Ilj, IcDcS 8g8IuSl lhc 0I8m8lIC gcSluIc O lhc muSIC, 8u0
8l lhc S8mc Umc lhc WOIX C8uuOl 0O WIlhOul IlS Sl8gIug. hc WOIXS COuSumm8lc-
ucSS 8SO c80S lO lhc ImQOVcIIShmcul O lhc lcChuIC8 mc8uS, lhc QcIScVcIIug
hOmOQhOuj DcCOmcS mc8gcI, 8u0 lhc OIChcSlI8lIOu, lhOugh 0cVOlc0 lO Uc cX-
QOIl8lIOu O lOuc COOI, DcCOmcS gIcj Ou gIcj. hcSc QIODcmS O SQIZ8lIOu
QOIul lO QIODcmS Iu lhc Ic8lIOu O 1l 8u0 CuluIc. Puj C8SSIDC8lOIj SChcm8 lh8l
SuDSumcS 8Il 8S 8 DI8uCh O CuluIc IS Iu80cQu8lc. uCOulcSl8Dj FellusIS CuluIc
WIlhOul 8uj 0cSIIc lO 0cuOuuCc Il. hIS IS O 8 Q1l WIlh lhc SQccChcSSj mjlhIC8
hcImclICISm O lhc SuD]cCl m8llcI, WhICh QIcCIScj lhcIcDj ucgcClS Wh8l lhc SuD-
]cCl SccXS. PIlWOIXS IcQuIIc lI8uSCcu0cuCc O CuluIc I lhcj 8Ic lO S8lISQ CuluIc,
lhIS IS 8 QOWcIu mOlIV8lIOu O I80IC8 mO0cHISm.
LIghl IS lhIOWu Ou lhc 0I8cClIC O lhc uuIVcIS8 8u0 Q8IlICu8I Dj 8 Icm8IX O
PO0 Lchcu. ICXIug uQ Ou OuI80 LOIcuZ, hc IulcQIclS lhc SQcCIDC8j 8cS-
lhclIC ODuS, lhOSc O u8luI8 Dc8ulj 8S Wc 8S lh8l O lhc OH8mcul, 8S Icc8SIug
0cVICcS [Aasl0serqaulitten]lh8l ScIVc lO IcIcVc OVcISlImu8lc0 hum8u DcIugS.
PCCOI0Iug lO LOIcuZ 8 mc8uS O Icc8Sc Sh8Ic ImQIOD8DIIlj Q8IIc0 WIlh SImQIC-
Ilj. Lchcu USQOScS lhIS I0c8 lO 8Il Ou Uc 8SSumQlIOu lh8l OuI Qc8SuIc Iu QuIc
SOuu0S |` SQcCU8 SOuu0S ) 8u0 lhcII IulcgI8 h8ImOuIcS . . . IS 8u cX8Cl 8u8Ogj, Ou
lhc 8COuSlIC cVc, lO lhc Icc8SIug ccCl O `ImQIOD8DIIlj.~" PIlISlIC Im8gIu8-
lIOu IS IucXh8uSlIDc Iu lhc ` SljIZ8lIOu O u8luI8 OImS, lh8l IS, Iu lhcII SjmmcUI-
C8 8u0 SImQIDc0 Icu0cIIug, u lhc IulcIcSl O lhc OQlIm8 cXU8ClIOu O IccSIug
ccClS.
-V
h SuCh SImQIDC8lIOu Iu0cc0 COuSlIlulcS Wh8l m8j SQcCIDC8j Dc
C8c0 O1m, lhcu lh1Ough IlS IuX lO ImQIOD8DIIlj lhc 8DSU8ClIVc ccmcul SImul8-
ucOuSj DcCOmcS lhc OQQOSIlc O uuIVcIS8Ilj 8u0 lhuS lhc ccmcul O Q8IlICu81-
IZ8lIOu. u lhc I0c8 O lhc Q8IlICu8I, Ou WhICh 8Il 0cQcu0S8S IS mOSl ODVIOuSj
lhc C8Sc Iu u8II8lIOu, WhICh Iulcu0S lO Dc lhc IcQOIl O 8 Q8IlICu8I, I8lhcI lh8u 8
QuOlI0I8u, cVcullhc S8mc ImQIOD8DIIlj IS COul8Iuc0 lh8l IS cVI0cul Iu lhc 8QQ8I-
culj uuIVcIS8, Iu lhc gcOmclIIC8j QuIc OImS O OH8mcul 0 SljIZ8lIOu. hc
ImQIOD8Dc, 8S lhc ScCu8IIZ8lIOu O m8u8, WOu0 Dc 8l OuCc uuIVcIS8 8u0 Q8IlICu-
8I, 8cSlhclIC Icgu81Ilj 8S 8u ImQIOD8Dc Icgu8IIlj luHc0 8g8IuSl lhc Sl8luS QuO,
SQIIIl IS uOl SImQj lhc COuU8Ij O Q8IlICu8IIZ8lIOu, Il IS 8SO, Dj VIIluc O lDc Im-
QIOD8Dc, IlS QIcCOu0IlIOu. u 8 8Il, SQIIIl W8S 8W8jS Wh8l 0I8cClIC8 IcHcClIOu
Ouj 8lcI ShOWc0 Il lO Dc. COuCIclIOu, 8u0 uOl 8DSlI8Cl.
`
- V
| lAKlOMENA
PIl S SDCI8 8lc IS BDl SImQj ImQDSc0 DB Il cXlcD8j, Dul IS cQu8j lhc uBD0-
IB_ D 8Il S DWB CDBCcQl.
PIl IS BDl IB0IcIcBl lD IlS 0DuDc Ch8I8ClcI. lS QuIc ImD8BcBCc DcCDmcS DI Il 8B
ImD8BcBl DuI0cB. PIl SccKS 8ul8IChj, WhICh 8l lhc S8mc lImc U8lcBS Il WIlh
SKIIIlj . c0cKIB0 IcCD_BIZc0 lhIS IB N8clcDIBCK 8B0 mDCKc0 hIm 8B0 hIS KIB0
8S 8IlISlIC 8IlISlS, 8_BcI m80c lhc S8Dc CDBlIDVcISj lhcm8lIC IB lhc Meis-
tersiner;8B0 lhc S8mc mDlI, WIlh 8BlI-IBlccClu8 DVcIlDBcS, IS uBmISl8K8Dc IB
IcChl. SC8Qc IDm 8IlS 0Dm8IB D ImD8BcBCc c8SIj luDS 0cm8_D_IC8 IB lhc
BMc D lhc QDQc, Wh8l lhc MlISUC 8IlISl mDCKS, D_cS lhc D8ID8IIC. 3cl 8Il, DI
lhc S8Kc D IlS DWB Sc-QIcScIV8lIDB, 0cSQcI8lcj SccKS lD cSC8Qc IlS SQhcIc. DI
8Il IS BDl DBj SDCI8 Dj VIIluc D IlS DWB mDVcmcBl, 8S 8 QIIDII DQQDSIlIDB lD 8
hclcIDBDmDuS SDCIclj. bDCIclj IlSc, IB IlS CDBCIclc DIm, 8W8jS Ic8ChcS IBlD 8Il.
hc QucSlIDB D Wh8l IS QDSSIDc, D QID0uClVc DIm8 8QQID8ChcS, IS Immc0I8lcj
0clcImIBc0 Dj lhc SIlu8lIDB D SDCIclj. BSD8I 8S 8Il IS CDBSlIlulc0 Dj SuD]cClIVc
cXQcIcBCc, SDCI8 CDBlcBl QcBcU8lcS lD IlS CDIc, lhDu_h BDl IlcI8j, Dul I8lhcI IB
8 mD0IDc0, I8_mcBl8Ij, 8B0 Sh80DWj 8ShIDB. hIS, BDl QSjChDD_j, IS lhc Uuc
8DBIlj D 8IlWDIKS lD 0Ic8mS.
LuluIc IS Ic!uSc, jcl 8Il~DBc D IlS ScClDISIS BcVcIlhccSS ScIIDuS 8S lhc 8QQc8I-
8BCc D Uulh. hIS IS ImQICIl IB lhc 0DuDc ChM8ClcI D clIShISm.
PD IS DcWIlChc0 IB lh8l lhc IuIB_ CIIlcIIDB D IlS DcIB_-DI-DlhcI IS ScmD8BCc~
lhc cXCh8Bgc Ic8lIDB lh8l h8S DccB cSl8DIShc0 8S lhc mc8SuIc D 8 lhIB_S-
WhcIc8S, hDWcVcI, lhc DlhcI, lhc IB-IlSc D lhc WDIK, DcCDmcS I0cDD_j 8S SDDB
8S Il QDSIlS IlSc 8S SuCh. hc 8lcD8lIVc, lh8l DclWccB whutdcIetcatc/it "
8B0 D Dc LcIm8B mc8BS 0DIB_ SDmclhIB_ DI IlS DWB S8Kc,`' IS 0clcSl8Dc. hc
uBlIulh D lhc DI-DlhcI h8S DcCDmc DDVIDuS IB lh8l Wh8l IS SuQQDSc0j 0DBc DI
lhc Sc DBj CDmQDuB0S Sc-DcU8j8, lhc lhcSIS D DcIB_-IB-IlSc IS uSc0 WIlh
cIlISl BMCISSISm 8B0 lhuS 8SD ScIVcS Wh8l IS D8Sc.
cC8uSc 8IlWDIKS H_ISlcI 8B0 DD]cClIV8lc cVcS D cXQcIIcBCc lh8l Mc B08DcBl8
lD lhc Ic8lIDB lD Ic8Ilj jcl 8Ic 8mDSl 8W8jS CDBCc8c0 Dj IcIDC8lIDB, 8cSlhclIC
cXQcIIcBCc IS SDCI8j 8S Wc 8S mcl8QhjSIC8j CDmQcIB_.
hc 0ISl8BCc D lhc 8cSlhclIC Ic8m IDm lh8l D QI8ClIC8 8ImS 8QQc8IS IBBcI-
8cSlhclIC8j 8S lhc 0ISl8BCc D 8cSUclIC DD]cClS Dm lhc DDScIVIB_ SuD]cCl, ]uSl
8S 8IlWDIKS C8BBDl IBlcIVcBc, lhc SuD]cCl C8BBDl IBlcIVcBc IB lhcm, 0ISl8BCc IS lhc
QIIm8Ij CDB0IlIDB DI 8Bj CDScBcSS lD lhc CDBlcBl D WDIKS. hIS IS ImQICIl IB
8Bl S CDBCcQl D 8DScBCc D IBlcIcSl, WhICh 0cm8B0S D 8cSlhclIC CDmQDIlmcBl
lh8l Il BDl _I8SQ 8l lhc DD]cCl, BDl 0cVDuI Il. cB]8mIBS 0cDBIlIDB D 8uI8` lDuChc0
DB lhIS IBBcI-8cSlhclIC ccmcBl, lhDu_h Il Icc_8lc0 Il lD 8 Q8Sl Sl8_c 8B0 0cC8Ic0 Il
PAkPOMENA ' J! I
IuV8lI0 OI lhc COulcmQOI8Iy 8_c O lcChuIC8l IcQIO0uCIDIlIly. 0culIyIu_ WIlh
lhc 8__IcSSOI, hc 8ll lOO QIOmQlly 8llIc0 hImScl WIlh lhc hISlOIIC8l lcu0cuCy lh8l
Icm8u0S 8Il lO lhc cmQIIIC8l 0Om8Iu O QI8ClIC8 cu0S. PS 8 QhcuOmcuOu, 0ISl8uCc
IS Wh8l Iu 8IlWOIKS lI8uSCcu0S lhcII mcIc cXISlcuCc, lhcII 8DSOulc ucmcSS WOu0
Dc lhcII 8DSOulc Iulc_I8lIOu.
LOmQ8Ic0 WIlh 8ulhculIC 8Il, 0c_I80c0, 0IShOuOIc0, 8u0 80mIuISlcIc0 8Il IS Dy uO
mc8uS WIlhOul 8uI8. hc OQQOSIlIOu DclWccu lhcSc 8ul8_OuISlIC SQhcIcS muSl 8l-
W8yS Dc COuCcIVc0 8S lhc mc0I8lIOu O Ouc lhIOu_h lhc OlhcI. u lhc COulcmQOI8Iy
SIlu8lIOu, lhOSc WOIKS hOuOI lhc 8uI8lIC ccmcul lh8l 8DSl8Iu IOm Il, IlS 0cSUC-
lIVc COuScIV8lIOu IlS mODIlIZ8lIOu OI lhc QIO0uClIOu O ccClS Iu lhc IulcIcSl O
CIc8lIu_ mOO0 h8S IlS OCuS Iu 8muScmcul. tulcIl8Iumcul 8Il 80ullcI8lcS Ou lhc
Ouc h8u0 lhc Ic8l l8ycI O lhc 8cSlhclIC, WhICh IS 0IVcSlc0 O IlS mc0I8lIOu 8u0 Ic-
0uCc0 lO mcIc 8ClICIly, lO IuOIm8lIOu 8u0 IcQOIl8_c, Ou lhc OlhcI h8u0, Il IIQS lhc
8uI8lIC clcmcul Oul O lhc ucXuS O lhc WOIK, CullIV8lcS Il 8S SuCh, 8u0 m8KcS Il
COuSum8Dc. tVcIy COSc-uQ Iu COmmcICI8l Dlm mOCKS 8uI8 Dy COuUIVIu_ lO cX-
QOIl lhc COulIIVc0 ucmcSS O lhc 0ISl8ul, Cul O IOm lhc WOIK 8S 8 WhOlc. PuI8
IS _ulQc0 0OWu 8Ou_ WIlh lhc ScuSu8 SlImuI, Il IS lhc uuIOIm S8uCc lh8l lhc Cu-
luIc Iu0uSlIy QOuIS OVcI lhc WhOc O IlS m8uu8CluIc.
hlcu0h8l S 0IClum O 8Il 8S lhc prcmesseda bcnhear ImQlIcS lh8l 8Il 0OcS IlS
Q8Il OI cXISlcuCc Dy 8CCculu8lIu_ Wh8l Iu Il QIcD_uIcS ulOQI8. ul lhIS ulOQIC clc-
mcul IS COuSl8ully 0cCIc8SIu_, WhIlc cXISlcuCc IuCIc8SIu_ly DcCOmcS mcIcly Sc-
cQuIV8lcul. OI lhIS Ic8SOu 8Il IS cVcI cSS 8Dc lO m8Kc IlScl IKc cXISlcuCc. c-
C8uSc 8l h8QQIucSS Ouu0 Iu lhc Sl8luS QuO IS 8u cIS8lZ 8u0 8lSc, 8Il muSl DIc8K IlS
QIOmISc Iu OI0cI lO Sl8y Uuc lO Il. ul lhc COuSCIOuSucSS O QcOQlc, cSQcCI8lly lh8l
O lhc m8SScS WhO Iu 8u 8ul8gOuISlIC SOCIcly 8Ic 8cQ8I8lc0 Dy CuluI8 QIIVIlcgc
IOm COuSCIOuSucSS O SuCh 8 0I8cClIC, hOl0 8Sl lO lhc QHmISc O h8QQIucSS,
II_hlul!y SO, Dul Iu IlS Immc0I8lc, m8lcII8l OIm. hIS QIOVI0cS lhc OQcuIu_ OI
lhc CulluIc Iu0uSUy, WhICh Q8uS OI 8u0 cXQlOIlS lhc ucc0 OI h8QQIucSS. hc Cul-
luU Iu0uSlIy h8S IlS clcmcul O lIulh Iu IlS HlDllmcul O 8 ucc0 lh8l OII_Iu8lcS Iu
lhc cVcI IuCIc8SIu_ IcuuuCI8lIOu 0cm8u0c0 Dy SOCIcly, Dul lhc SOIl O COuCcSSIOuS
Il QIOVI0cS Icu0cIS Il 8DSOulcly 8lSc.
u lhc mI0Sl O 8 WOIl0 0OmIu8lc0 Dy ulIIly, 8Il Iu0cc0 h8S 8 ulOQIC 8SQcCl 8S lhc
OUcI O lhIS WOIl0, 8S cXcmQl IOm lhc mcCh8uISm O lhc SOCI8 QIOCcSS O QIO-
0uClIOu 8u0 IcQIO0uClIOu. l 8lW8yS h8S SOmclhIu_ O lhc cclIu_ O lhc mOmcul
Whcu lhc hcSQI8u C8Il IOlS IulO lOWu Iu hmcl8u8S 1heuneredride.ul cVcu
lO Scc lhc lI_hl-HQc W8lKcIS COSlS SOmclhIu_. h8l IS OlhcI IS SW8llOWc0 uQ Dy
lhc cVcI-S8mc 8u0 ycl SuIVIVcS Iu Il 8S ScmDl8uCc. ScmD8uCc cVcu Iu lhc m8lcII8l-
ISl ScuSc. P muSl 0ISlIl 8l IlS clcmculS, SQIIIl IuClu0c0, IOm 8u uuV8IyIu_ uuI-
OImIly 8u0 muSl lI8uSOIm lhcm 8l. y IlS D8Ic UIcIcuCc IOm lhc uuIOIm, 8Il
J! 2 PAkPOMNA
IS 8 QIIOII lhc CIIlIC O lhc uBIOIm, cVcB WhcB Il 8CCOmmO08lcS IlSc lO Wh8l Il
CIIlICIZcS 8B0 ccClIVcj mOVcS WIlhIB IlS QIcSuQQOSIlIOBS. 1BCOBSCIOuSj cVcIj
8IlWOIK muSl 8SK IlSc I 8B0 hOW Il C8B cXISl 8S ulOQI8. 8W8jS OBj lhIOu_h lhc
COBSlc8lIOB O IlS ccmcBlS. hc 8IlWOIK U8BSCcB0S BOl Dj lhc D8c 8B0 8DSlI8Cl
0IcIcBCc IOm lhc uBV8IjIB_ Dul I8lhcI Dj l8KIB_ lhc uBV8IjIB_ IBlO IlSc, l8KIB_
Il 8Q8Il, 8B0 QullIB_ Il D8CK lO_clhcI 8_8IB, SuCh COmQOSIlIOB IS Wh8l IS uSu8j
C8c0 8cSlhclIC CIc8lIVIlj. PCCOI0IB_j, lhc lIulh COBlcBl O 8IlWOIKS IS lO Dc
]u0_c0 IB lcImS O lhc cXlcBl lO WhICh lhcj 8Ic 8Dc lO IcCOBD_uIc lhc OlhcI Oul O
lhc uBV8IjIB_.
hc SQIIIl IB lhc 8IlWOIK 8B0 IB lhc IcHcClIOB OB Il DCOmcS SuSQcCl DCC8uSc Il C8B
8cCl lhc COmmO0Ilj Ch8I8ClcI O lhc WOIK 8B0 IlS COmmcICI8 V8uc, lO lhIS lhc
COcClIVc uBCOBSCIOuS IS cXCcc0IB_j ScBSIlIVc. LI8Blc0, lhIS WI0cSQIc80 SuSQI-
CIOuSBcSS IS uc!c0 Dj 8 0ccQ mISUuSl O ODCI8l CuluIc, IlS _OO0S, 8B0 lhc 0II-
_cBlj 80VcIlISc0 8SSuI8BCc lh8l QcOQc 8Ic Q8IlICIQ8lIB_ IB 8 lhIS lhIOu_h Qc8-
SuIc. hc _Ic8lcI lhc QIcCISIOB WIlh WhICh lhc 8mDIV8cBl IBBcI Sc Ic8IZcS U8l Il
IS DcIB_ Chc8lc0 Dj ODCI8l CuluIc O Wh8l IS QIOmISc0 lhc QIOmISc O WhICh IB
8Bj C8Sc COBSlIlulcS lhc 0cD8ScmcBl O CuluH~lhc mOIc SluDDOHj Il DXcS IlS
lcclh I0cOO_IC8j IB Wh8l IB BO W8j cXISlS cVcB IB lhc m8SS cXQCIIcBCc O 8l.
hIS IS COOIc0 Dj lhc 0culuS O VIl8ISmS WIS0Om. lh8l COBSCIOuSBcSS KIS.
hcB Il IS 8 m8lRI O 8Il, lhc DOuI_cOIS h8DIl O 8ll8ChIB_ IlSc DcICcj 8B0 WIlh
COW8I0j CjBICISm lO SOmclhIB_ OBCc Il h8S SccB lhIOu_h Il 8S 8Sc 8B0 uBlIuc Dc-
COmcS m 1BS1SlCBCC lh8l. `8l 1 1KC m8j DC D80, 8 1I8u0, 8u0 18DI1C8lc0 lO 0uQC
QOQc, Dul 0OBl W8Bl lO Dc IcmIB0c0 O lh8l 8B0 IB mj Hcc lImc 0OBl W8Bl lO
cXcIl mjSc OI _cl uQScl. hc ccmcBl O ScmD8BCc IB 8Il 0cVcOQS hISlOIIC8j
IBlO lhIS SuD]cClIVc ODSlIB8Cj, WhICh, IB lhc 8_c O lhc CuluIc IB0uSlIj, IBlc_I8lcS
8Il IBlO cmQIIIC8l Ic8Ilj 8S 8 SjBlhclIC 0Ic8m 8B0 cXCu0cS IcHcClIOB OB 8Il 8S
Wc 8S lhc IcHcClIOB Imm8BcBl lO 8Il. 1lIm8lcj Wh8l uB0cIIcS lhIS IS lhc 8Cl
lh8l lhc QcIQclu8lIOB O cXISlIB_ SDIclj IS IBCOmQ8lIDc WIlh COBSCIOuSBcSS O Il-
Sc, 8B0 8Il IS QuBIShc0 OI cVcIj lI8Cc O SuCh COBSCIOuSBcSS. 1IOm lhIS QcISQcC-
UVc 8S Wc, I0cOO_j 8Sc COBSCIOuSBcSSIS SOCI8lj BcCcSS8Ij. PcVcIlhccSS,
IB lhc IcRcClIOB O lhc ODScIVcI, lhc 8ulhcBlIC 8IlWOIK _8IBS I8lhcI lh8B DcIB_ 0I-
mIBIShc0. 1 OBc WcIc lO l8Kc lhc 8Il COBSumcI 8l hIS WOI0, Il WOu0 Dc BcCcSS8Ij
lO 0cmOBSU8lc lO hIm lh8l Il IS lhIOu_h KBOWc0_c O lhc WOIK 8B0 BOl IOm
lhc DISl ScBSu8 ImQIcSSIOB lh8l hc WOu0, lO uSc 8 QhI8Sc hc uScS SO I_hllj, _cl
mOIc Oul O Uc WOIK. hc cXQcIIcBCc O 8l DcCOmcS IBCOmQ8I8Dj IIChcI lhIOu_h
uB0ISU8Clc0 KBOWc0_c O Il. hc IBlccClu8 Slu0j O 8 WOIK IcHcClS D8CK OB IlS
ScBSu8 QcICcQlIOB. buCh SuD]cClIVc IcHcClIOB IS c_IlIm8lc IB lh8l Il, SO lO SQc8K,
IcC8QIlu8lcS lhc Imm8BcBl QIOCcSS O IccClIOB lh8l OD]cClIVcj lI8BSQIIcS IB lhc
8cSlhclIC OD]cCl, 8 QIOCcSS O WhICh lhc 8IlISl Bcc0 Dj BO mc8BS BcCcSS8IIj Dc
COBSCIOuS.
PAKAL!POMLNA ' J! J
OI 8II, _OO0 cuOu_h IS ucVcI _OO0 cuOu_h. hc I0c8 O mIuOI 8u0 mI00Iu_
m8SlcIS IS Ouc O lhc lIc8SuIc0 uOlIOuS O lhc hISlOIy O 8II 8u0 cSQcCI8y O
muSIC, Il IS lhc QIO]cCIIOu O 8 COuSCIOuSucSS Ih8l IS ODluSc lO lhc Ic O lhc WOIK
Iu IlSc. DO COulIuuum c80S IOm D80 Dy W8y O lhc mI00Iu_ lO lhc _OO0, Wh8l
0OcS uOl SuCCcc0 IS 8 QIIOII D80 DcC8uSc lhc I0c8 O SuCCcSS 8u0 COhcIcuCc IS
IuhcIcul lO lDc I0c8 O II, IDIS IS Wh8l mOlIV8lcS lhc IuCcSS8ul 0ISQulcS OVcI Uc
gu8Ily O 8IlWOIKS, hOWcVcI SlcIIc UcSc 0ISQulcS _cucI8y 8Ic. P, 8CCOI0Iu_ lO
Mc_c Ihc 8QQc8I8uCc O lIulh, IS OD]cClIVcy IulOcI8ul, cVcu O lhc SOCI8y 0IC-
l8lc0 QuI8ISm O Qc8Ccuy COcXISlIu_ SQhcIcS, WhICh cVcI 8u0 8_8Iu QIOVI0cS
I0cOO_ucS WIlh cXCuScS. LSQcCI8y IulOcI8Dc IS Ihc lcIm S8lISyIu_ culcII8Iu-
mcul, WhICh IS _IDy uSc0 Dy COmmIllccS lh8l WOu0 IKc lO VIu0IC8lc Ihc COm-
mO0Ily Ch8DClcI O 8Il Iu Ihc cycS O lhcII IuhIm COuSCIcuCcS. P 08Iy ucWSQ8QcI
cXQ8Iuc0 Why LOcllc IS lIc8lc0 8S culcII8Iumcul Iu LcIm8uy WhcIc8S Iu I8uCc
Shc cu]OyS lDc hI_hcSl Ic_8I0 l IS DcC8uSc lhcIc QcOQc 0O uOl 0ISlIu_uISh Dc-
lWccu culcIl8Iumcul 8u0 ScIIOuS 8Il Dul Ouy DclWccu _OO0 8u0 D80. u 8Cl, Ou Ihc
OlhcI SI0c O lhc hIuc LOcllc Q8yS lhc IOc O 8 S8CIc0 COW. u LcIm8uy, Ou Ihc
OlhcI h8u0, lhc II_I0 0IChOlOmy O hI_h 8u0 OW 8Il ScIVcS 8S OIlIhC8lIOuS OI 8
QclIl DOuI_cOIS 8Ilh Iu lhc mcIIlS O CuluI8 cIu0IlIOu. PIIISlS WhO Dy ODCI8 CII-
lcII8 DcOu_ lO lhc OWcI SQhcIc, Dul WhO ShOW mOIc l8cul lh8u m8uy O lhOSc
WhO uD Ou_-0cC8yc0 Sl8u08I0S, 8Ic IODDc0 O lhcII 0uc. u lhc Wc-luDc0
QhI8Sc O lhc SOCI8 CIIlIC Iy M88S, lhcIc IS _OO0 D80 IlcI8luIc 8u0 D80 _OO0 Il-
cI8luIc, lhc C8Sc Iu muSIC IS uO 0IcIcul. P Ihc S8mc, lhc 0ISlIuClIOu DclWccu
culcIl8Iumcul 8u0 8ulOuOmOuS m, lO lhc cXlcul lh8l Il 0OcS uOl COSc IlS cycS lO
lhc uulcu8DIIly O Uc COuCcQl O Sl8u08I0S OI I_uOIc lhc uuIc_Imculc0 SlIIIIu_S
DcOW, h8S IlS SuDSl8uCc Iu lhc gu8IlIcS O lhc WOIKS. LcII8Iuy lhc 0ISlIuClIOu Ic-
guIIcS Ihc mOSl cXUcmc 0IcIculI8lIOu, mOIcOVcI, cVcu Iu lhc uIuclcculh CculuIy
lhC8C 8QhCtC8 WCtC nOl 8O untCCOnCI8Dy 8QIl 88 lhCy 8tC lOd8y In lhC 8gC O Cu-
luI8 mOuOQOy. hcIc IS uO 0c8IU O WOIKS lh8l, Ou 8CCOuul O _I8luIlOuS OImu-
8lIOuS Ih8l Im_c IOm lhc SKclChy lO lhc SlcIcOlyQIC8WOIKS lh8l h8Vc SuDOI0I-
u8lc0 lhcII OWu COhcIcuCc lO lhc C8Cu8lIOu O lhcII ccCl 8u0 h8Vc lhcII OCuS Iu
lhc SuD8lcD SQhcIc O 8cSlhclIC CIICu8lIOu ycl ucVcIlhccSS _O DcyOu0 Il Dy
VIIIuc O SuDlc gu8IlIcS. hcu 8u0 I IhcII V8uc 8S 8muScmcul cV8QOI8lcS, lhcy
m8y Dc 8Dc lO DcCOmc mOIc Ih8u lhcy WcIc lO Sl8II WIlh. LVcu lhc Ic8lIOu O
OWcI lO hI_hcI 8Il h8S IlS hISlOIIC8 0yu8mIC. h8l W8S OuCc l8IOIc0 lO COuSumcI
l8Slc m8y 8lcI, Iu lhc 8Cc O lOl8y I8lIOu8IZc0 8u0 80mIuISlcIc0 COuSumQlIOu,
8QQc8I 8S 8u 8HcIIm8_c O hum8uIIy. LVcu WOIKS lD8l 8Ic uOl uy WOIKc0
lhIOu_h, uOl uy cXcCulc0, C8uuOl IuV8II8Dy Dc Ic]cClc0 Dy IhcSc CIIlcII8 Dul 8Ic
c_IlIm8lc WhcIc WOIKS COIIcCl lhcmScVcS Dy lhc cXQc0Icul O cSI8DIShIu_ IhcII
OWu cVc O OIm 8u0 uOl SclIIu_ lhcmScVcS uQ lO Dc mOIc lh8u lhcy . huS
uCCIuI S cXlI8OI0IuIy l8cul W8S cXQIcSSc0 8I mOIc COuVIuCIu_y Iu uuQIclcu-
lIOuS c8Iy WOIKS IKc MuncnLescuat8u0 Lchmelh8u Iu lDc 8lcI, mOIc 8m-
DIlIOuS WOIKS lh8l 0c_cucI8lc IulO KIlSCh DcC8uSc O Ihc 0ISQIOQOIIIOu DclWccu
JI 4 | PAKlPOMENA
SuDSl8uCc 8u0 QIcScul8lIOu. DOuc O lDc C8lcgOIIcS O lDcOIclIC8 8cSlDclICS C8u Dc
cmQOjc0 IIgI0j, 8S uuSD8K8Dc CIIlcII8. DcIc8S 8cS!DclIC OD]cClIVIlj C8u Ouj
Dc gI8SQc0 Iu Uc Imm8ucul CIIlIQuc O Iu0IVI0u8 WOIKS, Uc ucCcSS8Ij 8DSl8Cl-
ucSS O C8lcgOIIcS DcCOmcS 8 SOuICc O cIIOI. 1l IS uQ lO 8cSlDclIC lDcOIj, WDICD
IS uu8Dc lO QIOgIcSS lO Imm8ucul CIIlIQuc, 8l c8Sl lO 0cIuc8lc mO0cS O IlS
Sc-COIIcClIOu lhOugD lDc ScCOu0 IcHcCHOu O IlS C8lcgOIIcS. 1u !DIS COulcXl,
LDcuD8CD 8u0 JOD8uu b08uSS 8Ic IccV8ul, 8ulIQ8Uj lOW8I0 ODCI8 CuluIc 8u0
IlS l8Slc OI C8SSIC8 KuOCK-ODS mOlIV8lc0 8I I8uS lO 8 Q8I!ICu8I IuSISlcuCc Ou
SuCD QDcuOmcu8, 8S Wc 8S Ou SuCD IlcI8j QDcuOmcu8 8S DcSUOj.` LDVIOuSj
Il IS ucCcSS8j lO Dc W8Ij O lDc I0cOOgj O lDOSc WDO, DcC8uSc Ucj 8Ic IuC8Q8Dc
O lDc 0ISCIQIuc O 8ulDculIC WOIKS, QIOVI0c S88Dc cXCuScS. 3cl lDc 0IVISIOu
O lDc SQDcIcS, OD]cCUVc Iu lD8l Il IS 8 DISlOIIC8 Sc0Imcul8lIOu, IS uOl 8DSOulc.
O0gc0 cVcu Iu lDc DIgDcSl WOIK IS 8u ccmcul U8l IS OI-OUcI, 8 mOIl8 Icmu8ul
O SccKIug 8QQ8uSc. ccClIOu, Dc8ulj IlSc, 8SKS. Pm 1 uOl Dc8ulIu? 8u0
lDuS SIuS 8g8IuSl IlSc. LOuVcIScj, lDc mOSl 8mcul8Dc KIlSCD, WDICD jcl ucCcS-
S8IIj 8QQc8IS 8S 8Il, C8uuOl DcQ I8ISIug 8 C8Im lO WD8l Il 0IS08IuS, !Dc ccmcul O
DcIug Iu-IlSc, WDICD Il Dc08jS. LOcllc W8S l8culc0. bDc SuCCcc0c0 Iu m8KIug
SOmcUIug 8S gI8Ccu 8S lDc Sm8 uOVc Mitsca8H0 SOmcUIug 8S cuIgIm8lIC 8S
lDc DcIOIuc S 8l!cmQlc0 cSC8Qc Iu e InnccentLibertine. PlOgclDcI SDc W8S 8
IcDuc0 8u0 IuguISlIC8j CulIV8lc0 VcISIOu O NICKj 8um.`" bDc QIOVI0c0 uu-
Dc8I8Dj Dc8IlW8ImIug QScu0Ou8luIc 8u0 0I0 uOl D8K Iu Uc 8Cc O IulOcI8Dc
SCcucS SuCD 8S lDc cu0 O lDc uOVc Iu WDICD lO gcucI8 8QQIOD8lIOu lDc IIgI0
DcIOIuc Du8j Du0S Qc8SuIc Iu lDc MmS O DcI cgIlIm8lc SQOuSc. LOcl!c 0c-
IgDlc0 DcI 8u0IcuCc WIlD 8mIj uOVcS Scl Iu 8 mIIcu O DIgD-C8SS QIOSlIlulIOu.
Dc mOSl SIguIDC8ul OD]cClIOu lO 1IcuCD 8Il, WDICD uOuIISDc0 lDc WDOc O mO0-
cDISm, IS lD8l lDc 1IcuCD D8Vc uO WOI0 OI KIlSCD, QIcCIScj !D8l WDICD IS 8 SOuICc
O QII0c Iu LcIm8uj. Dc DCc DlWccu lDc 0Om8IuS O culcIl8Iumcul 8u0 ScIIOuS
8Il DMS WIlucSS lO Uc uculI8IZ8lIOu O CuluIc. cC8uSc uO SQIIIl IS DIu0Iug OI
CuluIc S SQIIIl, CuluIc ODcIS IlS W8IcS Iu 8 SccClIOu OI hihbrcws, middlebrcws,
8u0 lcwbrcws.Dc SDI8 ucc0 OI 8muScmcul 8u0 WD8l IS C8c0 Ic8X8lIOu IS cX-
QOIlc0 Dj 8 SOCIclj WDOSc IuVOuul8j mcmDcIS WOu0 OlDcIWISc D8I0j Qul uQ
WIlh lhc DuI0cu 8u0 mOuOlOuj O !DcII Ic 8u0 WDO Iu !DcII 8Ollc0 8u0 80mIuIS-
lcIc0 cISuc lImc 8Ic D8I0j C8Q8Dc O !8KIug Iu 8ujlDIug Dul WD8l IS OICc0 Ou
lhcm Dj lhc CuluIc Iu0uS0j, 8u0 lD8l Iu 0lh IuCu0cS lDc QScu0O-Iu0IVI0u8IZ8lIOu
O uOVcS 8 LOc!lc. ul lhc ucc0 OI culcI!8Iumcul 0OS uOl ImQIOVc Il, Il
D8DcIS O 8u0 0uS lDc 0cgS O ScIIOuS 8! 8u0 COmcS uQ WIlD mc8gcI, 8DS08Clj
Sl8u08DIZc0, 8u0 IuCODcIcul IcSulS. ulcIl8Iumcul, IuCu0Iug IlS mOIc cX8lc0
QIO0uClS 8u0 cSQcCI8j lhOSc lD8l SccK 8 lOuCD O uODIIlj, D8S DcCOmc VugM
cVcI SIuCc lhc cXCD8ugc SOCIclj C8ugDl DO0 O 8IlISlIC QIO0uClIOu 8u0 m80c Il lOO
8 COmmO0Ilj. P IS Vug8I WDcu Il 0cg80cS QcOQc Dj C8uCcIug IlS 0ISl8uCc
Om 8u 8D80j 0cgI80c0 Dum8uIlj, Il COuDImS WD8l lDc WOI0 D8S m80c O lDcm
I8lDcI lh8u lD8l IlS gcSluIc IcVOlS 8g8IuSl Il. uSO8I 8S lDcj cmDO0j lDc I0culIDC8-
AKALOMLNA ' JI 5
lIOB O QcOQc WIlB lBcII OWB 0cD8ScmcBl, lBc _IIBBIB_ CuluI8 COmmO0IlIcS 8Ic
Vu_8I. PO 0IIcCl Icl8lIOB cXISlS DclWccB SOCI8 Bcc0 8B0 8cSlBclIC Qu8Ilj, BOl
cVcB IB lBc SQBcIc O SO-C8lc0 uBClIOB8 8Il. Bc Bcc0 lO COBSlIuCl DuI0IB_S IB
LcIm8Bj IB lBc 0cC80cS 8HcI OI0 8I W8S QIOD8Dj mOIc QIcSSIB_ lB8B Il
B80 DccB OI CcBluIIcS. Xcl QOSlW8I LcIm8B 8ICBIlcCluIc IS QIlIul. NOl8IIcS
cQu8lIOB O vruibescin 8B0 vruipluisir0OS BOl BOl0 8cSlBclIC8lj, lBc Qu8Ilj
O 8IlWOIKS C8B Dc mc8BIB_ullj DIOu_Bl IBlO Ic8lIOB WI SOCI8l Bcc0 OBlj
WBcB mc0I8lc0 Dj 8 lBcOIj O SOCIclj 8S 8 WBOlc, BOl OB lBc D8SIS O WB8l 8 QcOQc
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OB lBcm.
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cclIB_S 8B0 lBuS lBcII BculI8IZ8lIOB 8lOB_ WIlB lBc BcuU8lIZ8lIOB O lBc 8cSlBclIC
QBcBOmcBOB. hIlSCB IS 8Il lB8l C8BBOl Dc OI 0OcS BOl W8Bl lO Dc l8KcB ScIIOuSj
8B0 jcl lhIOu_B IlS 8QQc8I8BCc QOSlul8lcS 8cSlBclIC ScIIOuSBcSS. ul, BOWcVcI Ilu-
mIB8lIB_ lBIS m8j Dc, Il IS BOl 80cQu8lc, 8B0 lBIS 8QQIcS BOl OBlj lO lB8l DIO80
I8B_c O D8Sc 8B0 uBScBlImcBl8l KIlSCB. LmOlIOB IS SImu8lc0, Dul WBOSc cmO-
lIOB? Bc 8ulBOIS? ul lBc 8ulBOI S cmOlIOB C8BBOl Dc IcCOBSlIuClc0, BOI IS 8Bj
COIIcl8lIOB lO Il 8 CIIlcIIOB O 8Il. Pl 8cSlBclIC OD]cClIV8lIOB 0IVcI_cS IOm lBc
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BcB lBcSc cmOlIOBS WOul0 Dc 8S DClIOB8 8S lBc 0I8m8lIS QcISOB8c cmSclVcS.
lBc 0cDBIlIOB O KIlSCB IS lO Dc mc8BIB_ul, lBc cXQIcSSIOB O lBc 8IlWOIK muSl Dc
COBSI0cIc0 IB IlScl 8B indexveriet/ulsi;Dul lO ]u0_c lBc cXQIcSSIVc 8ulBcBlICIlj
O 8 WOIK c80S lO SuCB cB0lcSS COmQIC8lIOBS~OBc O WBICB IS lBc BISlOIIC8l
lI8BSOIm8lIOB O lBc lIulB COBlcBl O lBc mc8BS O cXQIcSSIOB lB8l lBcj COu0
OBj Dc SOVc0 C8SuISlIC8llj 8B0 cVcB lBcB BOl 0cDBIlIVclj. hIlSCB IS Qu8Il8lIVclj
0ISlIBCl DOlB Om 8Il 8B0 IOm IlS IOlIcI8lIOB, 8S IS Ic0clcImIBc0 Dj lBc COBlI8-
0IClIOB lB8l 8ulOBOmOuS 8Il muSl 0ISQOSc OVcI lBc mImclIC ImQuScS lB8l 8Ic
lBcmScVcS OQQOSc0 lO SuCB COBlIOl . BIOu_B lBc 8IlWOIK lBc m1mclIC ImQuScS
8Ic80j uB0cI_O lBc IB]uSlICc lB8l CumIB8lcS IB lBc 8DOIlIOB O ml 8B0 IlS SuDSlI-
lulIOB Dj lBc SCBcm8l8 O DClIOB. Bc CIIlIQuc O KIlSCB muSl Dc VI_Il8Bl, lBOu_B Il
l8KcS IlS lO OB 8Il 8S Wcl. Bc IcVOll O 8Il 8_8IBSl IlS 8 QIIOII 8DBIlj WIlB KIlSCB
W8S OBc O lBc cSScBlI8l 8WS O 0cVcOQmcBl IB IlS IcCcBl BISlOIj, 8B0 Il Q8IlICI-
8lcS IB lBc 0cSU0ClIOB O WOIKS. B8l OBCc W8S 8Il C8B 8lcI DcCOmc KIlSCB. cI-
B8QS lBIS BISlOIj O COl8QSc IS lBc BISlOIj O lBc COIIcClIOB O 8Il, IlS lIuc QIO_IcSS.
B lBc 8Cc O lBc ODVIOuS 0cQcB0cBCj O 8SBIOB OB lBc QIODl mOlIVc 8B0 IlS
cmDc00c0BcSS IB C8QIl8lISl IB0uSlIj WBICB, OI IBSl8BCc IB lBc 8Il m8IKcl, WBICB
DB8BCcS Q8IBlcIS Dul OVcIlj OI COVcIllj 0cm8B0S IB cXCB8B_c lB8l lBcj uDISB
WB8lcVcI Sljlc O WOIK lBc m8IKcl cXQcClS O lBcm, cXlcB0S IBlO SO-C8lc0 8IlISlIC
8SBIOBS 8B0 0IIcCllj uB0cImIBcS 8ulOBOmj 8SBIOB IB 8Il IS BO cSS COIIuQlIDc
lB8B lBc Zc8 O I0cOlO_IC8l 8Il 8_cBlS WBO lI8BSOIm cVcIj 8QOO_j IBlO 80VcIlISc-
J! c PAKALPOMENA
mcul.h8l m8KcS IlWDIlh S8V8gIug,hDWcVcI,ISlh8llhDugh IlhM0j 0cuIcS IlS
CDmQICIljWIUlhcQIDDlSjSlcm,IlISIlSc0IS08Iuc0Djlh8lSjSlcm.j SuSQcu0-
Iug 8cSlhclIC V8ucS SuCh 8S lhDSc DIuW8I0ucSS, lImccSSucSS, 8u0 QIDuu0Ilj,
8ShIDu m8KcS Il QDSSIDc lD IcCDguIZc lhc 0cgIcc lD WhIChlhc Ic8lIDu DMl lD
lhcSc Qu8IlIcS, WhICh 8Ic Dj uD mc8uS 8DDVc SuSQICIDu, h8S DcCDmc 8 QIclcXl.
8ShIDu IS 8IlS QcIm8ucul CDucSSIDu lh8l Il IS uDl Wh8l Il C8ImS lD Dc. DIIlS
Iu0ISCIccl DclI8j8S 8ShIDu IS 8S h8lc0 8S Il IS 8QDWcIH DICc Iu lhcSjSlcm, IlS
0DuDc Ch8I8ClcIIS 8 D8l8ul SjmQlDm D IlS 8ulIuDmj. 8ShIDu C8uuDl Dc ScQ8-
I8lc0 IDm 8Il 8S uc8lj 8S WDu0 SuIl DDuIgcDIS 8IlIcIgIDu. LVcI SIuCc lhc 8cS-
lhclIC SuD]cClQDcmIC8j0ISl8uCc0 IlScIDm SDCIclj8u0IlSQIcV8IIug SQIIIl,8Il
CDmmuuIC8lcS WIlh lhIS DD]cClIVc SQIIIl, hDWcVcI uuUuc Il IS, lhIDugh 8ShIDu.
8ShIDuISCcIl8Iuj uDDugcIChM8ClcIIZc0Dj lh8l SQDul8ucIlj 8u0SImQc DIIgI-
u8Iljlh8lW8Sc8IIcI,8u0QIDD8DjWIDugj, 8lUIDulc0lDIl. lISculIIcjm8uIQu-
8lc08u0 IuuD W8j80IIcCl808Ql8lIDu lDlhc 0cm8u0S DlhcmMKclQ8Cc,cVcuI
lhcSc 0cm8u0S Mc Sc0Imculc0 Iu Il 8u0 lhc CDuScuSuS Dlhc m8IKclQ8Cc IS SlI
IcQuISIlc DI 8ShIDu lD SuCCcc0. cC8uSc, hDWcVcI, m8uIQu8lIDu Iu lhc 8gc D
mDuDQDj C8QIl8ISm IS IlSc lhc QIDlDljQc D I0Iug SDCI8 Ic8lIDuS D QID0uC-
lIDu,8ShIDu ScctrciIlScIcQIcSculS 8 SDCI8j DD]cClIVc QDWcI. ,Iu Duc Dlhc
mDSl Icm8IK8Dc Q8SS8gcS D hIS Aesthetics, Mcgc 0cHuc0 Uc l8SK D Ml 8S lhc
8QQIDQII8lIDu Dlhc 8Icu,`` 8ShIDu~0DuDluD8uj QDSSIDIIljDSuCh SQIIIlu8
IcCDuCII8lIDu8QQIDQII8lcS8Icu8lIDu IlSc. DI8ShIDu,8Icu8lIDuDcCDmcSlhc
IVIug mD0cD8SDCI8DIug-lhuS-M0-uDl-DlhcIWISc[Sc-and-nichr-unders-Sein] ,
lD WhICh Il SuDcu0cIS 8S I Iu cCSl8Sj. Il IS uDl lD DclI8j IlSc, 8Il muSl IcSISl
!88hIOn, Dul Il mu8l 88O InnctV8tc 88hIOn In Otdct nOl lO m8kc Il8c DIu0 tO thc
WDI0,lD IlS DWu SuDSl8uCc.u hIS QDclIC WDIK 8u0 Iu hIS cSS8jS, 8u0c8IIc W8S
lhc DISl lD QI8ClICc lhIS 0DuDc Ic8lIDu lDW8I0 8ShIDu. L lhIS hIS cuDgj DI
LDuSl8ulIuLujS`" IS lhc mDSl CDmQcIug cVI0cuCc. DI 8u0c8IIc, lhc 8IlISlde
lu vie mcdeme IS hc WhD Icm8IuS Iu Sc-CDuUD WhIc 8DM0DuIug hIDSc lD
Wh8l IS CDmQclcj cQhcmcI8.LVcu lhc DISl8IlISlD lhc hIghcSlImQDIl8uCc WhD
Ic]cClc0 CDmmuuIC8lIDu 0I0 uDl Shul Dul 8ShIDu. NuCh D HImD8u0 S QDcUj
IcSDu8lcS WIlh lhc lDuc D 8IISIM IlcI8Ij C8D8IclS. H80IC8j DQQDSIlIDu 8Il,
WhIChIulhcSSjIcuDuuCc0cVcIjlhIughclcIDgcucDuSlDIl,IuIlSI0lhcSSucSS8SD
8ll8CKc0lhc DClIDuD8SuD]cClcXISlIug QuIcjDI-IlSc,lhc 0IS8SUDuS IuSIDu D
8SlIIClj Sc-cug8gIug IulcgIIlj lh8l uSu8j 0uCHDuS lD hI0c 8 QIDVIuCI8 Qh8II-
S8ISm.ulhc 8gcDlhc gIDWIug QDWcIcSSucSSDSuD]cClIVc SQIIIlVIS-8-VIS SDCI8
DD]cClIVIlj, 8ShIDu IcgISlcIS lhc 8Icu cXCcSS D DD]cClIVIlj Iu SuD]cClIVc SQIIIl,
WhICh ISQ8Iuu jcl 8lhcS8mc8CDDcClIVc DlhcIuSIDulh8l SuD]cClIVc SQIIIl
cXISlS QuIcj WIlhIu IlSc. Pg8IuSl IlS 0clI8ClDIS, 8ShIDu S mDSl QDWcIu Ic-
SQDuScISlh8lIlQ8IlICIQ8lcS Iulhc Iu0IVI0u8ImQuSc,WhIChISS8luI8lc0 WIlh hIS-
lDIj, Il 0I0 SD QM80Igm8lIC8j Iu 1aendstil, Iu lhc Q8I80DXIC8 uuIVcIS8Ilj D
DucIucSS 8S 8 Sljc. hc 0IS08Iu D8ShIDu,hDWcVcI, IS QIDVDKc0Dj IlS cIDlIC
ccmcul, Iu WhICh 8ShIDu IcmIu0S 8Il D Wh8l Il ucVcI uj SuCCcc0c0 Iu SuDI-
PAKALPOMENA ' J!7
m8lIu_. DIDu_D 8SDIDu, 8Il SccQS WIlD WD8l Il muSl IcuDuuCc 8u0 HDm lDIS
0I8WS lDc SUcu_U lD8l DlDcIWISc muSl 8lIDQDj uu0cI lDc IcuuuCI8lIDu Du WDICD
8Il IS QIc0IC8lc0. 1 8Il, 8S ScmD8uCc, IS lDc CDlDIu_ D 8u IuVISIDc DD0j, 8SDIDu
IS CDlDIu_ lDc 8DSDulc. PS SuCD, lDcj Sl8u0 Iu 8CCDI0 WIlD c8CD DlDcI. Dc CDu-
CcQl D lDc `8lcSl mD0c IS 8 WIclCDc0 DucIu_uISlIC8j, mD0c IS 8Ic0 WIlD
mD0cDSmDI Il ScIVcS lD 0c8mc Iu 8Il WD8l uSu8j CDul8IuS mDIc UlD lD8u
WD8l C8ImS lD Dc uu8cClc0 Dj 8 lDc cXCIlcmcul 8u0 lDuS m8uIcSlS 8 8CK D
ScuSIlIVIlj lD8l 0ISQu8IHcS Il 8IlISlIC8j.
1u lDc CDuCcQl D 8Il, Q8j IS lDc ccmcul Dj WDICD ml Immc0I8lcj I8IScS IlSc
8DDVc lDc Immc0I8Cj D QI8XIS 8u0 IlS QuIQDScS. Xcl Il IS 8l lDc S8mc lImc DIIculc0
lDWm0 lDc Q8Sl, lDW8I0 CDI0DDD0, I uDl 8uIm8Ilj. 1u Q8j, 8IllDIDu_D IlS Ic-
uuuCI8lIDu D uuClIDu8 I8lIDu8Ilj 8l lDc S8mc lImc Ic_IcSScS D8CK D I8lIDu8-
Ilj. Dc DISlDIIC8 CDmQuSIDu DI 8Il lD m8luIc uuClIDuS Iu DQQDSIlIDu lD IlS
Q8juucSS, lDDu_D Il 0DcS uDl C8Sl Il D 8lD_clDcI, 8uj SlI8I_DlDIW8I0 IcCDuISc
lD Q8ju DImS, Du lDc DlDcI D8u0, IucVIl8Dj Sl8u0S Iu lDc ScIVICc D IcSlDI8lIVc
DI 8ICD8IZIu_ SDCI8 lcu0cuCIcS. 18ju DImS 8Ic WIlDDul cXCcQlIDu DImS D
IcQclIlIDu. Dcu lDcj 8Ic cmQDjc0 8Im8lIVcj lDcj 8Ic ]DIuc0 WIlD lDc IcQclI-
lIDu CDmQuSIDu, lD WDICD lDcj 808Ql 8u0 WDICD lDcj S8uClIDu 8S uDIm8lIVc. 1u
Duul DQQDSIlIDu lD bCDIcII8u I0cDD_j, 8Il 8IcS IlSc WIlD uuHcc0Dm Iu lDc
SQcCIHC CD8I8ClcI D Q8j. DcIcDj 8Il IuCDIQDI8lcS 8u ccmcul 8Icu lD Il, lDc mDSl
IcCcul 0c8cSlDclICIZ8lIDu D 8Il CDVcIlj cXQDIlS lDc ccmcul D Q8j 8l lDc CDSl
D 8 DlDcIS. Dcu bCDIcI CccDI8lcS lDc Q8j 0IIVc 8S QuIulcSSculI8j Dum8u
DcC8uSc Il IS Icc D QuIQDSc, Dc, DcIu_ lDc Dj8 DDuI_cDIS Dc W8S, IulcQIclc0
lDc DQQDSIlc D Icc0Dm 8S Hcc0Dm, Iu 8CCDI0 WIlD lDc QDIDSDQDj D DIS 8_c. Dc
Ic8lIDuSDIQ D Q8j lD QI8XIS IS mDIc CDmQcX lD8u bCDIcI S AestheticEdacuticn
m8KcS Il 8Q8I. DcIc8S 8 8Il SuDIm8lcS QI8ClIC8 ccmculS, Q8j Iu 8IlDj
IlS ucuU8IZ8lIDu D QI8XISDcCDmcS DDuu0 uQ SQcCIHC8j WIlD IlS SQc, lDc
CDmQuSIDu lDW8I0 lDc cVcI-S8mc, 8u0, Iu QSjCDDD_IC8 0cQcu0cuCc Du lDc 0c8lD
IuSlIuCl, IulcQIclS DDc0IcuCc 8S D8QQIucSS. 1u 8Il, Q8j IS HDm lDc DulScl 0ISCI-
QIu8Ij, Il HHS lDc l8DDD Du cXQIcSSIDu lD8l IuDcIcS Iu lDc IIlu8 D ImIl8lIDu,
WDcu 8Il cXCuSIVcj Q8jS, uDlDIu_ Icm8IuS D cXQIcSSIDu. bcCIclj, Q8j IS Iu
CDmQICIlj WIlD 8lc, 8 QcuIQDlculI8Ij D lDc WcI_Dl D lDc mjlDIC8, WDICD 8Il
WDu0 IKc lD lDIDW DJ, lDc IcQIcSSIVc 8SQcCl IS DDVIDuS Iu SuCD QDI8ScS 8S lD8l D
lDc IDjlDm D lDc DDD0, WIlD WDICD lDc DIm8 Q8juucSS D 08uCc IS SD Ic80Ij
IuVDKc0. h_8mcS D CD8uCc 8Ic lDc DQQDSIlc D 8Il, 8S DImS D Q8j lDcj ucVcI
lDccSS cXlcu0 IulD 8Il. Dc Qul8lIVc Q8j 0IIVc D8S cVcI Dccu uSc0 WIlD lDc QII-
m8Cj D DIu0 CDcClIVIlj. Luj WDcu Q8j DcCDmcS 8W8Ic D IlS DWu lcIIDI, 8S Iu
cCKcll, 0DS Il Iu 8uj W8j SD8Ic Iu 8IlS QDWcI D IcCDuCII8lIDu. P lD8l IS lDl8j
WIlDDul Q8j IS uD mDIc lDIuK8Dc lD8u I Il WcIc lDl8j WIlDDul IcQclIlIDu, jcl
8Il IS ucVcIlDccSS 8Dc lD 0cHuc lDc Icm8Iu0cI D DDHDI WIlDIu IlSc 8S DcIu_
uc_8lIVc.
Jl8 | PAKPOMENA
MuIZIug8SmuCh CccDI8lc0 HcmcLadensh8S IcIulID0uCc0 lhc C8lcgDIj D Q8j
8S CcuU8 lD 8cSlhclICS,8u0 uDl Duj lhcIc. LuluIc,hc 8IgucS, DIIgIu8lcS 8S Q8j.
DSQc8KDlhcQ8jccmculIuCuluD . . . ISuDllDImQjlh8l8mDuglhcV8IIDuS
8ClIVIlIcS DCIVIIZc0Ic8u ImQDIl8ul Q8Cc IS IcScIYc0DI Q8j,uDIlh8lCIVIIZ8-
lIDuh8S 8IIScuDulDQ8j Dj SDmc cVDulIDu8Ij QIDCcSS,Iulhc ScuSclh8lSDmc-
lhIuglh8lW8S DIIgIu8j Q8j Q8SSc0IulD SDmcUIuglh8l W8S uD DugcIQ8j 8u0
CDu0 hcuCcDIlh Dc C8c0 CuluIc. H8lhcI, WIShlD ShDW lh8l . . . CuluIc IS IuI-
lI8jQ8jc0.`
MuIZIug8SlhcSISSuCCumDS lDlhcCIIlIQucDlhc0cHuIlIDuD8Il
DjIlS DIIgIu. P lhc S8mc,hISlhcSISh8S IlS Uulh 8u0 IlS uulIulh.DucgI8SQSlhc
CDuCcQl DQ8j 8S 8DSlI8Clj 8S hc 0DcS,Il IS Cc8I lh8l hc IS 0cDuIug uDl SDmc-
lhIug SQcCIDC DulmcIcj DImS DCDmQDIlmcul, WhICh SDmchDW 0ISl8uCc lhcm-
ScVcS IDm lhc QI8XISDSc-QIcScIV8lIDu. Mc 8IS lD Ic8IZc hDW muCh lhc cc-
mculDQ8j ISIlSc8u 8lcIIm8gcDQI8XISI8lhcIlh8uDScmD8uCc.u8 Q8j,
8ClIDu h8Suu08mcul8j0IVcSlc0IlScDMjIc8lIDulDQuIQDSc,DulIulcImSD
IlSDIm8u0cXcCulIDulhcIc8lIDulDQI8XIS IS m8Iul8Iuc0.hcccmculDIcQclI-
lIDu Iu Q8j IS lhc 8lcIIm8gc DuuIcc 8DDI,]uSl 8S SQDIlSlhc 0DmIu8ul cXlI8-
8cSlhclIC DIm DQ8jIS IcmIuISCcul DQI8ClIC8 8ClIVIlIcS 8u0 CDulIuu8j u-
DS lhc uuClIDu Dh8DIlu8lIugQcDQclD Uc 0cm8u0S DQI8XIS,8DDVc8 Djlhc
Ic8ClIVc U8uSDIm8lIDu DQhjSIC8 0ISQc8SuIc IulD ScCDu08Ij Qc8SuIc, WIlhDul
lhcII uDlICIug lh8l lhc CDuU8D8u0 D QI8XIS h8S SIQQc0 IulD Il. MuIZIug8 SlhcSIS
uDlDujlh8lhum8uDcIugSQ8jWIlh 8ugu8gcDullh8l 8ugu8gc IlScDIIgIu8lcS
Iu Q8j, SDVcIcIguj IguDIcS lhc QI8ClIC8 ucCcSSIlIcS CDul8Iuc0 Iu 8ugu8gc, D
WhICh 8ugu8gc IccS IlScDuj cVculu8j,IcVcI. hcIc IS,uIlhcImDIc,8u 8Q-
Q8IculCDuVcI_cuCcDMuI2Iug8SlhcDtjD8ugu8_cWIlhIllgcuSlcIu S, hc,lDD,
8IS lDgI8SQlhcCDuSlIlulIVcIc8lIDuD8ugu8gclDlhccXU8IuguISlIC.cVcIlhc-
cSS,MuIZIug8SlhcDIj DQ8jc80S hImlD IuSIghlSlh8l8Ic CDSc0 lDlhcm8gIC8
8u0 IcIgIDuS-mcl8QhjSIC8 Ic0uClIDuS D 8Il. Mc IcCDguIZc0 lh8l IDm lhc QcI-
SQcClIVc D lhc SuD]cCl, 8cSlhclIC CDmQDIUculS lh8l hc CDmQIchcu0S uu0cI lhc
u8mc DQ8j 8Ic 8l DuCc lI0c 8u0 uuUc. hIS hcQS hIm lD Ic8Ch 8 Icm8IK8Dj
CDmQcIugI0c8DhumDI. Luc WDu0 IKc . . . lD 8SKWhclhcIlhc QIImIlIVcSDc-
Ic Iu hIS hDIcSlmjlhS IS uDl,cVcu IDmlhc DcgIuuIug,lIugc0 WIlh 8 CcIl8Iu cc-
mculDhumDI.`Ph8-]DKIugccmculVcIgIugDum8Kc-DcIcVcISIuScQ8I8Dc
IDmlIuc mjlh.`hcIcIgIDuS cSlIV8S DQIImIlIVc QcDQcS 8Ic uDllhDSc D8
CDmQclccCSl8Sj8u0IuSIDu. . . . hcIcISuD8CKD8uuu0cIjIugCDuSCIDuSucSS
DlhIugS `uDl DcIug 8ulhculIC. "
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``hclhcI Duc IS SDICcIcI DISDICcDZc0,Duc IS
8W8jSKuDWcI8u0 0uQc 8lDuCc. ul DucChDDScS lD Dc lhc 0uQc." l ISIulhIS
CDuSCIDuSucSS Dlhc uuUulh D lhc lIuc lh8l 8 8Il Q8IlICIQ8lcS Iu humDI, 8S 0D
8DDVc 8 lhc 08IK WDIKS DmD0cDISm, hDm8S N8uu cmQh8SIZc0 lhIS Qu8Ilj
Iu 88,"
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8u0 Iu cCKcll Il IS DDVIDuS. u MuIZIug8S DImu8lIDu, hc uuIlj
8u0 Iu0IVISIDIIlj D DcIc 8u0 0ISDcIc, lhc Iu0ISSDuDc CDuucClIDu DclWccu
S8CIc0 ScIIDuSucSS 8u0 QIclcuSc 8u0 `uu, 8Ic DcSl uu0cISlDD0 Iu lhc CDuCcQl D
Q8j."`h8l IShcIcQIc0IC8lc0DQ8jhD0SlIucDI8 8Il 8S Wc.cSS lcu8Dc,
PAkIPOMENA ' Jl
hDWcVcI, IS MuIZIu_8S IulcIQIcl8lIDu D lhc hcImclIC Ch8I8ClcI D Q8j, WhICh
CDI0cS WIlh hIS DWu 0I8cClIC8 0cDuIIDu D Q8j 8S 8 uuIlj D DcIc 8u0 0IS-
DcIc. MIS IuSISlcuCc Du 8 uuIlj Iu WhICh ulIm8lcj Ihc Q8j D 8uIm8S, ChI0Icu,
QIImIlIVcS, 8u0 8IlISlS IS uDl Qu8Il8lIVcj Dul Duj _I80u8j 0ISlIu_uIShc0, 8ucS-
lhclIZcS CDuSCIDuSucSS D lhc CDuU80IClDIIucSS D lDc lhcDIj 8u0 8IS lD m8Kc
_DD0 Du MuIZIu_8`S DWu IuSI_hl IulD lDc 8cSlhclIC8j CDuSlIlulIVc u8luIc D lhc
CDuU80IClIDu.
OnSarreulistShcckundMcntue. ThcQ8I80DX lh8l Wh8l DCCuIS Iu lDc I8lID-
u8IZc0 WDI0 ucVcIlDccSS h8S hISlDIj IS ShDCKIu_ uDl c8Sl DcC8uSc Dj VIIluc D
IlS hISlDIClj lhc C8Ql8ISl ruticIlSc IS IcVc8c0 8S ID8lDu8. 8Imc0, lhc Scu-
SDIIum DcCDmcS 8W8Ic D lhc III8lIDu8Ilj D lDc I8lIDu8.
I8XIS WDu0 Dc lhc cuScmDc D mc8uS DI mIuImIZIu_ m8lcII8 ucCcSSIlj, 8u0 8S
SuCh Il WDu0 Dc I0culC8 WIlh Qc8SuIc, h8QQIucSS, 8u0 lh8l 8ulDuDmj Iu WhCh
lhcSc mc8uS 8Ic SuDIm8lc0. hIS hDWcVcI IS ImQc0c0 Dj QI8ClIC8Ilj, WhICh
0cuIcS Qc8SuIc Iu lhc SQIl D 8 SDCIclj Iu WhICh lDc I0c8 D u cmQDjmcul IS
SuDSlIlulc0 DI lh8l D lhc 8DDIlIDu D 8DDI. hc I8lIDu8ISm D 8 mcul8Ilj lh8l
IcuScS lD 8DW IlSc lD DDK DcjDu0 lhc mc8uS-cu0S Ic8lIDu 8u0 CDuHDul Il WIlh
IlS DWu cu0S IS III8lIDu8. I8XIS IlSc IS clIShIZc0. hIS CDulI80IClS IlS DWu CDu-
CcQl, ucCcSS8IIj lD8l D 8 DI-DlhcI, WhICh Ihc CDuCcQl DScS lDc mDmcul Il IS cS-
l8DIShc0 8S 8u 8DSDulc. hIS DlhcI IS 8Il S8u0 lhcDIj SmDVIu_ DICc. hc II-
I8lIDu8Ilj D WhICh QI8ClIC8Ilj 8CCuScS M IS Uc CDIIcClIVc D IlS DWu ID8lIDu8Ilj.
hc Ic8lIDu D 8Il 8u0 SDCIclj h8S IlS DCuS Iu 8Il IlSc 8u0 IlS 0cVcDQmcul, uDl Iu
Immc0I8Ic Q8IlIS8uShIQ, Iu Wh8l lD08j IS C8c0 ccmmitment. 1l IS cQu8j IuIIcSS
lD SccK lD _I8SQ lhIS Ic8lIDu lDcDIclIC8j Dj CDuSHClIu_ 8S 8u IuV8II8ul Uc uDu-
CDuDImISl 8llIlu0cS D 8Il lDIDu_hDul hISlDIj 8u0 DQQDSIu_ Il lD 8DIm8lIVc 8llI-
lu0cS. hcIc IS uD 0c8Dh D 8IlWDIKS lh8l CDu0 Duj WIlh 0IDCulj Dc DICc0 IulD
8 uDuCDuDImISl lI80IlIDuWhICh IS Iu 8uj C8Sc lhDIDu_hj DSSuIc0~WhDSc DD-
]cClIVIlj ucVcIlhccSS m8IuI8IuS 8 QIDDuu0j CIIlIC8 Sl8uCc lDW8I0 SDCIclj.
hc 0cmISc D 8Il, WhICh IS lD08j DcIu_ QIDC8Imc0 WIlh 8S muCh _IDucSS 8S Ic-
Sculmcul, WDu0 Dc 8Sc, 8 _cSluIc D CDuDImISm. hc 0cSuDIm8lIDu, lDc Immc0I-
8lc 8u0 mDmcul8Ij _8Iu D Qc8SuIc lh8l IS 0cm8u0c0 D 8Il, IS IuucI-8cSlhclIC8j
Dcuc8lh 8Il, Iu Ic8 lcImS, hDWcVcI, lh8l mDmcul8Ij Qc8SuIc IS uu8Dc lD _I8ul
Wh8l IS cXQcClc0 D Il. hc IcCculj 80DQlc0 IuSISlcuCc Du CuluIIu_ uuCulIV8lIDu,
lhc culhuSI8Sm DI lDc Dc8ulj D SlIccl D8llcS, IS 8 IcQIISc D HluIISl 8u0 0808ISl
8ClIDuS. hc Chc8Q 8cSlDclICISm D ShDIl-WIu0c0 QDIlICS IS IcCIQIDC8 WIlh lhc
8lcIIu_ D 8cSlhclIC QDWcI. cCDmmcu0Iu_ ]8ZZ 8u0 IDCK-8u0-ID IuSlc80 D
cclhDVcu 0DS uDl 0cmDISh lhc 8hIm8lIVc Ic D CuluIc Dul I8lhcI uDIShcS
J2 | lAKALllOMNA
D8ID8IlSm 8u0 lhc QIODl IulcIcSl O lhc CuluIc lu0uSlIj Wllh 8 SuDlcIugc. hc
8cgc0j Vll8 8B0 uuCOIIuQlc0 u8luIc OSuCh QIO0uClS lS SjulhcllC8jQIOCcSSc0
Dj QIcClScj lhOSc QOWcIS lh8l 8Ic SuQQOSc0j lhc l8Igcl O lhc LIc8l cuS8.
""
hcScQIO0uClS8Ic lhc lIujCOIHQl.
hclhcSlSlh8llhccu0OM lS lmmluculOIh8S8Ic80j OCuIIc0IcCuIS lhIOugh-
Oul hlSlOIj,8u0 cSQcCl8j SluCclhc Dcgluulug Olhc mO0cH 8gc, Mcgc IccClS
lhlS lhcSlS QhlOSOQhlC8j, hc 0l0 uOl luVcul ll. hOugh lO08j ll QOScS 8S Dclug
8ulI-l0cOOglC8,ll W8S uullIcCculjlhcl0cOOgj OhlSlOIlC8j 0cC80culgIOuQS
WhO lOOK lhclIOWu cu0 lO Dc lhc cu0 O8 lhlugS. hc Shll lS QIOD8Dj mmKc0
Dj lhc LOmmuulSl D8u Ou mO0cD M, WhlCh SuSQcu0c0 lhc lmm8ucul 8cSlhcllC
mOVcmcullulhc u8mc OSOCl8 QIOgIcSS,lhcmcul8lljOlhc 8QQ8I8lChIKS,hOW-
cVcI, WhO lhOughl lhlS uQ, W8S lhc O0 QclIl DOuIgcOlS COuSClOuSucSS. 1ucVll8Dj
lhc lhcSlSOlhc cu0 O m C8u Dc hc8I0 8l 0l8cClIC8 uO08 QOlulS WhcIc 8 ucW
OIm Su00cuj cmcIgcSlh8llS0lIcClc0QOcmIC8j 8g8IuSllhc cSl8DlShc0 OIm.
bluCcMcgclhcQIOQhcCj Olhclmmluculcu0 OM h8S mOHOlcu Dccu8COm-
QOucul O8 CuluI8 QhlOSOQhj lh8l QIOuOuuCcS llS]u0gmcul HOm Ou hlgh lh8u
8u ccmcul O8Clu8 8IlISlICcXQcIlcuCc,lu0cCIccS lOl8llm8u mc8SuIcS WcIcQIc-
Q8Ic0. hc Sllu8llOu h8S,hOWcVcI, 8W8jS OOKc0 0lcIculIOm Wllhlu M. hc
cCKclll8uZcIOQOlullhc8SlSU8WOI8hOWlug QhlOSOQhjOCuluIclS, lKc
lhc 8lOm, luDullcj u. l lS uOl luCOuCclV8Dc lh8l hum8ullj WOu0 uO OugcI
ucc0 8 COSc0, lHcul CuluIc OuCc ll 8Clu8j h80 Dccu Ic8lZc0, lO08j, hOW-
cVcI,lhclhIc8llS 88Sc0cSlIdCllOuOCuluIc,8VchlCc OD8ID8IISm.hcH/uat
continaer, "lhcCOuCuS:OuOcCXcll SThe 0nnumuble, COu0cuScSlhlS8BlluOmj
lO llScSScuCc. lh8lcXlcH8j M 8QQc8ISlmQOSSlDc Whlc lmm8Bculj llmuSlDc
QuISuc0. h8l lS ucW lS lh8l M muSl luCOIQOI8lc llS OWu 0cCluc, 8S lhc CIlllQuc
Olhc SQlIllO0Omlu8llOull lS lhc SQlIlllh8l lS 8DclOluH8g8luSlllSc.hcSc-
IccClIOu Om QcuclI8lcS lO llS OWu Ouu08llOu 8u0 COuCIcllZcS llSclu ll. c
QOlllC8 SlgulDC8uCc,hOWcVcI, WhICh UclhcSlS Olhc cu0 O M h80 lhlIlj jc8S
8gO,8SOIluSl8uCclu0lIcCljlu cu]8mlu SlhcOIj OIcQIO0uCllOu,lSgOuc, luCl-
0cul8j,0cSQllchlS 0cSQcI8lc80VOC8CjOmcCh8ulC8HQIO0uCllOu,
"
` luCOuVcI-
S8llOu cu]8mlu IcHSc0lO Ic]cClCOulcmQOI8 Q8lullug. lSlI80lllOu,hc 8Iguc0,
muSlDcQIcScIVc0OIllmcScSSSOmDcIlh8uOuIOWu.PcVcIlhccSS,lulhc 8Cc O
lhclhIc8lcuc0lI8uSOIm8llOu lulO D8ID8IISm ll lS DcllcIOIM lO COmc lO 8Slcul
h8lI8lhcIlh8ulO 0cScIllO lhc cucmj8u0 8I080cVcOQmcullh8llSl8ul8mOuullO
lulcgI8llOu lulO lhc Sl8luSQuO OIlhc SMcOllS SuQcIIOIQOWcI.hc lc lulhclu-
lccClu8S QIOC8m8llOu Olhc cu0 O m IcSl0cS lulhclIQucSllOu 8S lO Wh8llhc
QOlul lS OM, Wh8l llS cglllm8llOu lS VlS-8-VlSCOulcmQOI8IjQI8XlS.ullhcuuC-
llOu OM lu lhclOl8juuClIOu8 WOI0 lS llS HuCllOucSSucSS, ll lS QuIc SuQcI-
SllllOu lO DclcVc lh8l M COu0lulcIVcuc0lIcClj OI c80 lO 8u lulcIVcullOu. hc
luSlIumcul8lZ8llOu O M S8DOl8gcS llS OQQOSlllOu lO luSlIumcul8lZ8llOu, Ouj
WhcIc m IcSQcClS llS OWu lmm8ucuCc 0OS ll COuVIClQI8CllC8 Ic8SOu OllS8CK
PAKlPOMNA | J2l
D Ic8SDu. PIl DQQDScS lDc DDQcSSy 8ulIQu8lc0 QIIuCIQc D /'urtpcar/ 'unuDl
Dy Cc0Iug lD cXlcD8 QuIQDScS Dul Dy IcuDuuCIug lDc IuSIDu D 8 QuIc Ic8m D
Dc8uly lD8l QuICKy IcVc8S IlSc 8S KIlSCD. y 0clcImIu8lc ucg8lIDu 8IlWDIKS
8DSDID lDc membrudis]ectuD lDc cmQIIIC8 WDI0 8u0 IDIDugD lDcII 08uSDO8-
lIDu DIg8uIZc lDcm IulD 8 Ic8Ily lD8l IS 8 CDuulcIH8Ily, 8 mDuS0DSIly, lDIS W8S
8u0c8IIcS IulcIQIcl8lIDu D lDc W8lCDWDI0 D /'unpcar/ 'urtWDcu Dc uSc0 Il.
JuSl DDW Illc lDIS IS lDc lImc DI lDc 8DDIlIDu D 8Il IS 8QQ8Icul Iu IlS CDuCIclcy
DQcu ycl uu0Ic0 QDSSIDI1lIcS, WDICD 8uguISD 8S I uu0cI 8 SQ. LVcu WDcu Il Iu
QIDlcSl WDIKS IlSc cc Il Icm8IuS uucc, DI cVcu lDc QDlcSl IS CDuSU8Iuc0.
Lc8Iy Il WDu0 D mIScI8Dc 8QDDgclICS lD C8Im lD8l lDc cu0 D 8Il C8uuDl Dc cu-
VISIDuc0. u IcSQDuSc, 8Il C8u 0D uD DcllcI lD8u CDSc IlS cycS 8u0 gIIl IlS l%lD.
bc8Iug 8Il D Dm cmQIIIC8 H8Ily DcC8mc 8u cXQICIl QIDgI8m Iu DcImclIC QD-
cUy. u lDc 8Cc D 8 D IlS ImQDIl8ul WDIKS ~UDSc D Lc8u, DI IuSlMCc ~Il IS
]uSUDc0 lD 8SK lD WD8l cXlcul lDcy 8Ic Iu0cc0 DcImclIC, 8S clcI bZDu0I QIulS Dul,
lD8l lDcy 8Ic Sc-CDul8Iuc0 0DcS uDl mc8u lD8l lDcy 8Ic uuIulcIgIDc. Lu lDc CDu-
U8Iy, DcImclIC QDcUj 8u0 SOI8 ccmculS D8Vc 8 CDmmDu ucXuS lD8l muSl D
8CKuDWc0gc0. cIDc0 CDuSCIDuSucSS, WDICD lDIDugD lDc IulcgI8lIDu D DIgDj
Iu0uS0I8IZc0 SDCIcIy DcCDmcS IulcgI8 lD IlS mcmDcIS, 8IS lD QcICcIVc WD8l IS
cSSculI8 lD lDc QDcmS, cmQD8SIZIug IuSlc80 lDcII lDcm8IIC CDulcul 8u0 Qul8lIVc
IuDIm8lIDu8 V8uc. PIlISlIC8y QcDQc C8u Duy Dc Ic8CDc0 8uy DugcI Dj lDc
SDDCK lD8l ImQ8IlS 8 DDW lD WD8l QScu0D-SCIculIDC I0cDDgy C8S CDmmuuIC8-
lIDu, DI IlS Q8Il Ml IS IulcgD Duy WDcu Il IcHScS lD Q8y 8Dug WIlD CDmmuuIC8-
lIDu. McImclIC QIOc0uIcS Mc, DDWcVcI, mDlIV8lc0 Dy lDc gIDWIug QIcSSuIc lD
ScQ8I8lc lDc QDclIy Dm lDc lDcm8lIC m8lcII8 8u0 Dm lDc IulcuUDuS. DIS QIcS-
SuIc D8S cXlcu0c0 IDm IcHcClIDu lD QDcUy, WDICD SccKS lD l8Kc uu0cI IlS DWu
8uSQICcS IlS I8ISDu 0CDc, 8u0 lDIS cDIl IS 8l lDc S8mc !Imc IlS Imm8ucul 8W
D mDVcmcul. McImcIIC QOUy ~lDc I0c8 D WDICD DIIgIu8lc0 Iu lDc QcIID0 D
1aendsti/8u0 D8S SDmclDIug Iu CDmmDu WIlD lDc lDcu QIcV8cul CDuCcQl D lDc
WI lD Slyc ~C8u D Sccu 8S QcUy ID8l SclS Dul lD QID0uCc, Dm IlSc, WD8l
DlDcIWISc Duy cmcIgcS DISlDIIC8y. IlS cSSculI8 CDulcul, lDIS cDIl D8S 8 CDI-
mcIIC8 8SQcCl Iu lD8l Il IcQuIIcS lDc DSDIm8lIDu D cmQD8lIC CDulcul IulD Iulcu-
lIDu. McImclIC QOUy mmcS lhcm8lIC 8u0 Uc8lS cXQICIly WD8l c8IIcI Iu 8Il
DCCuIIc0 WIlDDul IlS D8VIug Dccu 8Imc0 8l. D lDIS cXlcul N8cIy S I0c8 D 8 IcCIQ-
IO8 Ic8UDu DlWccu 8HSlIC QID0uClIDu 8u0 Sc-IcHcCUDu Iu lDc CDuISc D QD-
clIC QID0uClIDu IS 8Ic80y DImu8lc0 Iu N88Imc. Lul D DIS 0cSIH DI 8 ulDQI8u
8Il Icc D cVcIylDIug 8Il-8Icu, N88Imc W8S 8QDIlIC8 8u0 lDcIcDIc cXUcmcy
CDuScIY8lIVc. ul Dy DIS Ic]cClIDu D lDc SDIl D uuCluDuS mcSS8gc 8S QIc8CDc0
Dj cVcIy CDuScIV8lIVc VDICc lD08y, Dc CDuVcIgcS WIlD DIS QDIlIC8 CDuulcIQDc,
0808ISm, Iu IlcIMy DISlDIy lDcIc IS ucVcI 8 SC8ICIly D IulcImc0IMIcS. u lDc mDIc
lD8u cIgDly ycMS SIuCc N88Imc, DcImclIC QDclIy D8S D%u U8uSDImc0, Q8Ily Iu
IcSQDuSc lD lDc SDCI8 lcu0cuCy. Dc CICDc 8DDul lDc IVDIy lDWcI uD DugcI 8Q~
322 | PARMA
QIcS lD Uc WIu0DWcSS mDu80IC WDIKS. Dc Dc_IuuIu_S WcH uDl Icc D lDc
Sm8-mIu0c0ucSS 8u0 0cSQcI8lc I8QluIc D 8u M IcI_IDu lD8l CDuVIuCc0 IlSc
lD8l lDc WDI0 W8S CIc8lc0 DI lDc S8Kc D 8 Dc8ulIu VcISc DI 8 Wc-luHc0 QDI8Sc.
1u lDc WDIK D lDc mDSl ImQDIl8ul CDulcmQDI8Ij IcQIcScul8lIVc D LcIm8u DcI-
mclIC QDclIj, t8u Lc8u, lDc cXgIIculI8 CDulcul D lDc DcImclIC W8S IuVcIlc0.
MIS QDclIj IS QcImc8lc0 Dj lDc SD8mc D M Iu lDc 8Cc D SucIIu_ lD8l cSC8QcS
DDlD cXQcIIcuCc 8u0 SuDIm8lIDu. Lc8u S QDcmS W8ul lD SQc8K D lDc mDSl cX-
Ucmc DDHDI lDIDu_D SIcuCc. DcII lIulD CDulcul IlSc DcCDmcS uc_8lIVc. Dcj
ImIl8lc 8 8u_u8_c Dcuc8lD lDc DcQcSS 8u_u8_c D Dum8u DcIu_S, Iu0cc0 Dcuc8lD
8 DI_8uIC 8u_u8_c. 1l IS lD8l D lDc 0c80 SQc8KIu_ D SlDucS 8u0 Sl8IS. Dc 8Sl
Iu0ImculS D lDc DI_8uIC 8Ic IQuI08lc0, WD8l cu]8mIu uDlc0 Iu 8u0c8IIc, lD8l
DIS QOUj IS WIUDul 8uI8, CDmcS IulD IlS DWu Iu Lcm S WDIK. Dc IuDuIlc 0ISCIc-
lIDu WIlD WDICD DIS I80IC8ISm QIDcc0S CDmQDuu0S DIS DICc. Dc 8u_u8_c D lDc
IccSS DcCDmcS lDc 8Sl QDSSIDc CDmDIl DI 8 0c8lD lD8l IS 0cQIIVc0 D 8 mc8u-
Iu_. Dc Q8SS8_c IulD lDc IuDI_8uIC IS lD Dc DDWc0 uDl Duj Iu lDcm8lIC mDlIS,
I8lDcI, lDc lI8]cClDIj IDm DDIIDI lD SIcuCc IS lD Dc IcCDuSUClc0 Iu lDc DcImclIC
WDIKS. LISl8ulj 8u8D_DuS lD 8K8 S Uc8Ucul D cXQIcSSIDuISl Q8IulIu_, Lc8u
UmSQDScS IulD Iu_uISlIC QIDcSScS lDc IuCIc8SIu_ 8DSlI8ClIDu D 8u0SC8Qc, QID-
_IcSSIVcj 8QQIDXIm8lIu_ Il lD lDc IuDI_8uIC.
j 8QgmIu_ 8S M,lD8l WDICD IuSISlS lD8l Il IS Ic8ISlIC Iu]cClS mc8uIu_ IulD Ic8-
Ilj, WDICD SuCD M IS Qc0_c0 lD CDQj WIlDDul IuSIDu. 1u Uc 8Cc D Ic8Ilj lDIS IS
8 QDDII I0cDD_IC8. D08j lDc ImQSSIDIIlj D Ic8ISm IS uDl lD Dc CDuCu0c0 Du
IuucI-8cSUclIC _IDuu0S Dul cQu8j Du Uc D8SIS D lDc DISlDDC8 CDuSlc8lIDu D
M 8u0 Ic8Ilj.
D08j lDc QIIm8Cj D lDc DD]cCl 8u0 8cSUclIC Ic8ISm 8Ic 8mDSl 8DSDulcj DQ-
QDSc0 lD c8CD DlDcI, 8u0 Iu0cc0 WDcu mc8SuIc0 Dj lDc Sl8u08I0 D Ic8ISm. cCKcll
IS mDIc Ic8ISlIC lD8u lDc SDCI8ISl Ic8ISlS WDD CDuulcIcIl Ic8Ilj Dj lDcII VcIj
QIIuCIQc. 1 lDcj lDDK Ic8Ilj ScIIDuSj cuDu_D lDcj WDu0 cVculu8j Ic8IZc WD8l
LuK8CS CDu0cmuc0 WDcu 0uIIu_ lDc 08jS D DIS ImQIISDumcul Iu Dm8uI8 Dc IS
IcQDHc0 lD D8Vc S8I0 lD8l Dc D80 Du8j Ic8IZc0 lD8l 88 W8S 8 Ic8ISl WIIlcI.
Dc QIIm8Cj D lDc DD]cCl IS uDl lD Dc CDuSc0 WIlD Uc V8IIDuS 8llcmQlS lD cX-
U8Cl M IDm IlS SuD]cClIVc mc0I8lIDu 8u0 lD SIQDDu DD]cClIVIlj IulD Il HDm lDc
DulcI WDI0. P QulS lDc QIDDIDIlIDu Du QDSIlIVc uc_8lIDu lD lDc lcSl, SDDWIu_ lD8l
Iu0cc0 uc_8lIDu D lDc uc_8lIVc IS uDl lDc QDSIlIVc, lD8l Il 0DcS uDl 8CCDmQISD lDc
IcCDuCII8lIDu WIlD 8u DD]cCl U8l IS uuIcCDuCIc0 WIlD IlSc.
Dc lDcSIS lD8l lDc Sum D l8DDDS ImQIcS 8 C8uDu D WD8l IS CDIIcCl 8Qg8IS Iu-
CDmQ8lIDc WIlD lDc QDIDSDQDIC8 CIIlIQuc D lDc CDuCcQl lD8l lDc uc_8lIDu D lDc
uc_8lIDu IS 8 QDSIlIVc," 8 CDuCcQl lD8l DDlD Iu lDcDIj 8u0 Iu lDc SDCI8 QDClICc Il
PAKALPOMLNA | 3
/
3
ImQIcS SIguIDcS lhc S8DDl8gc D Uc ucg8lIVc 8DDI D uu0cISl8u0Iug [ \erstum.
u lhc I0c8ISl mD0c D 0I8cClICS, lhIS ucg8lIVc 8DDI D uu0cISl8u0Iug IS U8uS-
DImc0 IulD 8u 8ulIlhcSIS lh8l IS CDuSU8Iuc0 Dj lhc 8Cl lh8l IlS CIIlIQuc IS lD ScIVc
lhc cgIlIm8lIDu D lhc lhcSIS 8l 8 hIghcI cVc. LI8ulc0, Iu lhIS Icg8I0 8Il 8u0
lhcDIj 8Ic uDl 8DSDulcj 0IcIcul. hc mDmcul I0IDSjuCI8SIcS, Uc 8cSUclIC
QcuIQDlculI8IIcS D ucg8lIDu, 8 I8ISc0 lD lhc cVc D QDSIlIVc IucS, lhcj IccZc
IulD 8uDujmDuS 8DSlI8ClIDuS VIS-8-VIS lhc Q8IlICu8I 8IlWDIK 8u0 8IlISlIC cXQcII-
cuCc, 8u0 lhcj mcCh8uIC8j SuDSumc lhc IulcIIc8lc0ucSS D lhc 8IlWDIK S cc-
mculS 8l lhc cXQuSc D lh8l IulcIIc8lc0ucSS. hIDugh C8uDuIZ8lIDu, 80V8uCc0
8IlISlIC mc8uS c8SIj 8CQuIIc 8 IcSlDI8lIVc C8Sl 8u0 DcCDmc 8Ic0 WIlh SlDCluI8
ccmculS 8g8IuSl WhICh lhc VcIj S8mc I0IDSjuCI8SIcS, lhcmScVcS U8uSDImc0
IulD IucS, DuCc SUuggc0. Iu 8Il cVcIjlhIug IS 8 QucSlIDu D uu8uCc, lhIS IS uD
cSS Uuc D lhc uu8uCc DclWccu QIDSCIIQlIDu 80 QIcSCIIQlIDu. bQcCu8lIVc I0c8-
ISm, WhICh CumIu8lc0 Iu Mcgc S 0DClIIuc D QDSIlIVc ucg8lIDu, m8j h8Vc Dccu
DDIIDWc0 HDm lhc I0c8 D lhc 8DSDulc I0culIlj D 8IlWDIKS. LIVcu lhcII Imm8ucul
cCDuDmIC QIIuCIQc 8u0 lhcII 8IlI8Clu8Ilj, 8IlWDIKS C8u Iu 8Cl Iu lhcmScVcS Dc
muCh mDIc CDuSISlcul8u0 Iu lhc DgIC8 ScuSc D lhc lcIm mDIc QDSIlIVclh8u
IS lhcDIj, WhICh IS 0IIcClj CDuCcHc0 WIlh cmQIIIC8 Ic8Ilj. l IS Duj lhIDugh lhc
QIDgIcSS D IcHcClIDu lh8l lhc QIIuCIQc D I0culIlj QIDVcS lD Dc IuSDIj cVcu Iu lhc
8IlWDIK, DcC8uSc IlS DlhcI IS CDuSlIlulIVc D IlS 8ulDuDmj, lD lhIS cXlcul 8IlWDIKS
lDD 8Ic 8Icu lD QDSIlIVc ucg8lIDu.
Ilh Icg8I0 lD lhc 8cSlhclIC DD]cCl, lhc lhcSIS D lhc QIIm8Cj D lhc DD]cCl mc8uS
lhc QIIm8Cj D lhc DD]cCl IlSc, lhc 8IlWDIK, DVcI IlS m8KcI 8S Wc 8S DVcI IlS
IcCIQIculS. PS bChDcuDcIg S8I0, `PlcI 8, Q8Iul 8 QICluIc, uDl 8 Ch8II. hIDugh
lhIS Imm8ucul QIIm8Cj, lhc QIIm8Cj D lhc cXlcH8 WDI0 IS 8cSlhclIC8j mc0I-
8lcd, uumcdI8lcdj, 8S lhc QIImCj D Wh8lcVcI lhc IlWDIK QIcSculS, lhc QIIm8Cj
D lhc DD]cCl WDu0 mDuul lD lhc CIICumVculIDu D lhc 0DuDc Ch8I8ClcI D lhc
8IlWDIK. u lhc 8IlWDIK, lhc CDuCcQl D QDSIlIVc ucg8lIDu g8IuS 8 ucW mc8uIug.
PcSlhclIC8j Il IS QDSSIDc lD SQcK D SuCh QDSIlIVIlj lD lhc cXlcul lh8l lhc C8uDu
D hISlDIIC8j ucCcSS8Ij QIDhIDIlIDuS ScIVcS lhc QIIm8Cj D lhc DD]cCl, lh8l IS, IlS
Imm8ucul CDhcIcuCc.
PIlWDIKS QIcScul lhc CDuU80IClIDuS 8S 8 WhDc, lhc 8ul8gDuISlIC SIlu8lIDu 8S 8
lDl8Ilj. Luj Dj mc0I8lIDu, uDl Dj lKIug SI0cS, 8Ic 8DWDIKS C8Q8Dc D lI8u-
SCcu0Iug lhc 8ul8gDuISlIC SIlu8lIDu lhIDugh cXQIcSSIDu. hc DD]cClIVc CDulI80IC-
lIDuS DSSuIc lhc SuD]cCl, lhcj 8Ic uDl QDSIlc0 Dj lhc SuD]cCl DI lhc m8uu8CluIc D
hIS CDuSCIDuSucSS. hIS IS lhc Uuc QIIm8Cj D lhc DD]cCl Iu lhc IuucI CDmQDSIlIDu
D 8IlWDIKS. hc SuD]cCl C8u Dc IuIlHj cXlIuguIShc0 Iu lhc 8cSlhclIC DD]cCl Duj
DcC8uSc lhc SuD]cCl IlSc IS mc0I8lc0 lhIDugh lhc DD]cCl 8u0 IS SImul8ucDuSj
lhc SucIIug SuD]cCl D cXQIcSSIDu. hc 8ul8gDuISmS 3c 8IlICu8lc0 lcChuIC8j,
lh8l IS, lhcj 8Ic 8IlICu8lc0 Iu lhc Imm8ucul CDmQDSIlIDu D lhc WDIK, 8u0 Il IS
324 PARALlPOMEA
lDIS QIDCcSS D CDmQDSIlIDu lD8l m8XcS IulcIQIcl8lIDu QcImc8Dc lD lDc lcuSIDuS
cXlcD8 lD Il. Dc lcuSIDuS 8Ic uDl CDQIc0 Dul I8lDcI DIm lhc WDIK, lhIS 8Duc CDu-
SlIlulcS lDc 8cSlDclIC CDuCcQl D DIm.
LVcu Iu 8 cgcu08Iy DcllcI HluIc, MCDu0 uDl 0IS8VDW IcmcmDI8uCc D 8CCumu-
8lc0 DDIIDI, DUcIWISc IlS DIm WDu0 D lIIVI8.
JDCOIICS OH lDC LII_IH O FIl
XCUISUS
Jhc 8ttcmpt h dcttVc 8cthcttC tOm thc Ottgtn O 8t| 8 tt ccnCc 8tc tn-
cVtt8by dt8ppOtnttng' thc COnCcpt O Ottgtn t ttu8tcd bcyOnd httOty, thc
quctOn tkc8 On 8n OntOOgtC8 C8t 8t tcmOVcd tOm th8t Otd gtOund th8t thc
ptcttgtOu COnCcpt O Otgtn cVOkc, mOtcOVct, 8ny tnVOC8ttOn O thc COnCcpt O
Otgtn th8t t dtVctcd O tt tcmpOt8 ccmcnt u8ngtcc 8g8tnt thc tmpc
mc8ntng O thc wOtd, tO whtCh lhc phtOOphct O Otgtn C8tm tO bc pttVy. Yct tO
tcduCc mt htlOnC8y tO tt ptchttOtC Ot c8ty Otgtn t ptOhtbttcd by tt Ch8t-
actct, whch t thc nut O htOttC8 dcVcOpmcnt. Jhc cmtct utvtVtng m8nt
ct8ttOn O 8tt mc nOt thc mOt 8uthcnttC, nOt dO mcy tn 8ny w8y CtCumCttbc
8tl` mngc, 8nd t8thct th8n bct cXcmptytng wh8t 8t| t, thcy m8kc tt mOn Ob-
Cutc. It nccd tO bc t8kcn tntO 8CCOunt th8t thc Odct utVtVtng tt, thc C8Vc p8tnt-
tng, bcOng 8 8 whOc tO thc Vtu8 dOm8tn. NcXt tO nOthtng t knOwn O thc
mutC Ot pOc O thc cpOCh, thctc 8tc nO tndtC8ttOn O 8nythtng ptchttOttC th8t
m8y h8Vc dtctcd qu8tt8ttVcy hOm thc OpttC8 wOtk. PmOng 8cthcttCt8n LtOc
w8 ptOb8by thc htt tO COndcmn, tn Hcgct8n pttt, thc qucttOn O thc httOtC8
Ottgtn O 8tt 8 8cthcttC8y tttccV8nt. btnCc mt ` pttttu8 8CtVtty t tt [ht-
tOty | ObcCt, thc 8butdtty O ptOpOundtng thc httOtC8 ptObcm O thc Otgtn O
tt bcCOmc cVtdcnt . . . cXptctOn t 8 Otm O COnCtOunc, hOw C8n Onc OOk
Ot thc httOttC8 Otgtn O wh8t t nOt 8 ptOduCt O n8tutc 8nd t ptcuppOcd by
hum8n httOty? HOw C8n Onc 8tgn 8 httOttC8 gcnct tO 8 thtng th8t t 8 C8tc-
gOty by mc8n O whtCh httOttC8 ptOCcc 8nd 8Ct tc undcttOOd?`
/
HOw-
cVct COttcCt thc tntcnttOn m8y bc nOt tO COnOund wh8t t Odct wtth thc COnCcpt
O thc thtng-ttc, whtCh Ony bcCOmc wh8t tt t tn thc Htt p8Cc thtOugh tt
J25
J2 | THEOKlES ON THE OKlGlN Ol AKT
0cVcDQmcul, LIDCcS 8I_umcul8lIDu IS 0uDIDuS. j SImQj I0culIjIu_ M WIlh
cXQHSSIDu, WhICh IS QIcSuQQDSc0 Dj hum8u hISlDIj , hc DuCc 8_8Iu 0cDucS 8Il 8S
Wh8l Il ShDu0 ucVcI Dc DI lhc QhIDSDQhj D hISlDIj. 8 `C8lc_DIj, 8u IuV8II8ul
DIm D CDuSCIDuSucSS, SDmclhIu_ lh8l IS Sl8lIC Iu DIm, cVcu I LIDCc CDuCcIVcS Il
8S QuIc 8ClIVIlj DI SQDul8ucIlj. MIS I0c8ISm, uD cSS lh8u lhc cI_SDuI8u SUc8X Iu
hIS 8cSlhclICS, XccQS hIm IDm DcIu_ 8Dc lD QcICcIVc lhc CDuSlIluUVc Ic8lIDu D
8Il lD Wh8l Il IlSc IS uDl, lD Wh8l IS uDl lhc QuIc SQDul8ucIlj D lhc SuD]cCl, lhIS
uu08mcul8j ImIlS hIS CIIlIguc D lhc gucSlIDu D DII_Iu. blI, lhc c_IDu D cm-
QIIIC8 Slu0IcS lh8l h8Vc SIuCc Dccu 0c0IC8lc0 lD lhc gucSlIDu h8I0j _IVc C8uSc lD
IcVISc LIDCcS VcI0ICl. l WDu0 Dc lDD c8Sj lD D8mc lhIS Du lhc 80V8uCIu_ QDSI-
lIVISm lh8l, Dul D c8I D DcIu_ CDulI80IClc0 Dj 8uj ucXl 8Cl, uD Du_cI 08IcS lD
uu0cIl8Xc Uc CDuSUuClIDu D uuIVDC8 lhcDIj 8u0 mDDIIZcS lhc 8CCumu8lIDu D
8ClS Iu DI0cI lD QIDVc lh8l _cuuIuc SCIcuCc C8u uD Du_cI Qul uQ WIlh lhcDIj Du 8
_Im0 Sljc. tlhuDD_j, Iu QMlICu8I, WhICh 8CCDI0Iu_ lD lhc CuIIcul 0IVISIDu D
8DDI h8S lhc IcSQDuSIDIIlj D IulcIQIclIu_ QIchISlDIIC Du0Iu_S, h8S cl IlSc Dc Iu-
lImI08lc0 Dj lhc lcu0cuCj SUclChIu_ D8CX lD IDDcuIuS lD cXQIC8lc cVcIjlhIu_ 8I-
Ch8IC8j QuZZIu_ Iu lcImS D IcI_IDu, cVcu Whcu lhc Du0Iu_S lhcmScVcS CDulI8-
0ICl SuCh Summ8Ij lIc8lmcul. cVcIlhccSS Uc SCIculIDC cXCuSIDu D lhc gucSlIDu
D DII_Iu, WhICh CDIIcSQDu0S lD lhc QhIDSDQhIC8 CIIlIguc D DII_Iu, lcSlIDcS lD
SDmclhIu_ mDIc lh8u lhc QDWcDcSSucSS D SCIcuCc 8u0 Uc lcIIDI D QDSIlIVISlIC
l8DDDS. NcVIc J. McISXDVIlSS Slu0j MunundHswcrk

IS Ch8I8ClcIISlIC D lhc
IulcQIclIVc QuI8ISm lh8l cVcu 8 0ISIuSIDuc0 SCIcuCc IS uu8Dc lD IcuDuuCc.
CDulcmQDI8Ij SCIcuCc IcuDuuCcS 8uj mDuISlIC 8uSWcI lD lhc gucSlIDu D lhc DD_Iu
D! 8Il, lhc gucSlIDu D Wh8l 8Il DII_Iu8j W8S 8u0 h8S Icm8Iuc0 cVcI SIuCc, Il
lhcIcDj 0ISCDScS 8u ccmcul D lIulh. P 0I0 uDl DcCDmc 8 uuIDc0 WhDc uulI
8 VcIj 8lc Sl8_c. hcIc IS Ic8SDu lD 0DuDl WhclhcI SuCh Iulc_I8lIDu IS uDl mDIc
lh8l D lhc CDuCcQl lh8u lh8l D Wh8l Il C8ImS lD CDmQIchcu0. hc DICc0 gu8Ilj D
lhc lcIm Spmchkansnerk-mcIu_uISlIC 8IlWDIX~uDW QDQu8I 8mDu_ LcIm8u-
ISlS, 8W8cuS SuSQICIDu Dj IlS uuCcIcmDuI8 SuDSumQlIDu D QDclIj lD 8Il lhIDu_h
lhc mc0I8lIDu D 8u_u8_c, cVcu lhDu_h 8Il uugucSlIDu8Dj DcC8mc uuIDc0 Iu lhc
CDuISc D lhc QIDCcSS D cuI_hlcumcul. hc mDSl 8ICh8IC 8IlISlIC m8uIcSl8lIDuS
8Ic SD 0IuSc lh8l Il IS 8S 0IHCul 8S Il IS V8Iu lD lD 0cCI0c Wh8l DuCc 0I0 8u0
0I0 uDl CDuul 8S 8Il. u 8lcI 8_cS 8S Wc, 8Il CDuSISlculj IcSISlc0 lhc QIDCcSS D
uuIDC8lIDu m WhICh Il W8S SImul8ucDuSj C8u_hl uQ. lS DWu CDuCcQl IS uDl Iu0I-
cHul lD lhIS. h8l SccmS lD _IDW h8Zj Iu lhc h8-I_hl D QIchISlDIj IS V8_uc uDl
Duj DcC8uSc D IlS 0ISl8uCc Dul DcC8uSc Il _u8I0S SDmclhIu_ D lhc Iu0clcImIu8lc,
D Wh8l IS Iu80cgu8lc lD lhc CDuCcQl, WhICh QID_IcSSIVc Iulc_I8lIDu lIIccSSj mcu-
8CcS. l IS QcIh8QS uDl IIIccV8ul lh8l lhc D0cSl C8Vc Q8IulIu_S, WhDSc u8luI8ISm IS
8W8jS SD Ic80Ij 8Imc0, 0cmDuSU8lc0 lhc _Ic8lcSl D0cIlj lD lhc QDIlI8j8 D
mDVcmcul, 8S I lhcj 8Ic80j 8SQIIc0 lD Wh8l N8Ij ulIm8lcj 0cm8u0c0. lhc
Q8IuSl8XIu_ ImIl8lIDu D lhc Iu0clcImIu8lc, D Wh8l h8S uDl Dccu u8Ic0 0DWu.

h
SD, lhc ImQuSc D lhcSc Q8IulIu_S W8S uDl u8luI8ISlIC ImIl8lIDu Dul, I8lhcI, IDm
THEORlES ON THE ORlGlN Ol ART | 327
lDcDcgIuuIug8QIDlcSl8g8IuSlIcIHC8lIDu.cDI8mDIguIlyISuDl,DIuDlDuy,
lDDc 8SCIIDc0 lD lDcImIlc0ucSSDXuDWc0gc Dul IS CD8I8ClcIISlIC DQIcDISlDIy
IlSc. \uIVDCIly cXISlSDuy SIuCclDccmcIgcuCc DSuD]cClIVIly.
DcSD-C8c0QIDDcmDDIIgIucCDDSIulDcCDuUDVcISyDVcIWDclDcIu8luI8IS-
lIC 0cQIClIDuDISymDDIC-gcDmcUIC8DImSC8mcHISl.mQICIlIulDISQucSlIDuIS
lDc DDQc lD8l IlWIQIDVI0c WD8l ISucc0c0 lD0ISCcD lDc QIImDI0I8 cSScuCc D
8Il.JDISDDQcIS0cCcQlIVc.PD0M8uScIDQcuSDISScciulHistcjc/AnWIlDlDc
lDcSIS lD8l 0uIIug lDc 8cDIlDIC 8gc u8luI8ISm W8S D0cI. JDc mDuumculS D
QIImIlIVc8Il . . . Cc8Iy SuggcSl . . . lD8lu8luI8ISmD8SlDcQIIDIC8Im,SDlD8lIlIS
DcCDmIug mDIc 8u0mDIc 0ICullD m8Iul8Iu Uc lDcDIy DlDc QIIm8Cy D8u8Il
IcmDlc HDm Ic 8u0 u8luD.` JDc QDcmIC8 DVcIlDuc 8g8IuSl lDc ucDHm8ulIC
0DCUIuc DlDcIcIgIDuSDIIgIuD8D IS uumISl8X8Dc.XcllDIS ImQDIl8ulDISlDII8u
SU8IgDl 8W8y IcSUIClS lDc lDcSIS DlDc QIIDIIly Du8luI8ISm. M8uScI, WDIc SlI
cmQDyIuglDclWDD8DIlu8y CDulI8SlIug lDcScS,CIIlICIZcS lDcm 8S 8u8CDIDuISlIC.
Dc0u8ISmDUc VISIDc M0 lDcIuVISIDc,DlDcSccu8u0lDcmcIcy XuDWu,
Icm8IuS 8DSDulcy DIcIgulD8cDIlDIC 8Il. McIcCDguIZcS lDc ccmculDuu-
0IcIculI8lc0ucSS IDm Ic8Ily IulDcc8IIcSl 8Il,8S Wc 8S lDcuu0IcIculI8lc0-
ucSS DmIc8IlyDl0cSQDcIcDScmD8uCc.
M8uScI m8Iul8IuS SDmclDIug 8XIulD
lDc QIIDIIQ Du8luI8ISmDu lDc D8SISD8lDcDIy Dm8gIC lD8l 8SScIlSlDc IcCIQ-
ID80cQcu0cuCcDlDc SImI8I.
^
DI DIm, SImIMIly ISccClIVcy DQIC8DIIly,
8u0IlcXcICIScSQI8CUC8m8gIC.PCCDI0Iugy,M8uScI0IVI0cSm8gICSD8IQy IDm
IcIgIDu, Uc DImcI cXCuSIVcy ScIVIug lD QIDCuIc mc8HS D SuSlcu8uCc. JDIS
SD8IQ 0IVISIDuISDDVIDuSyD8I0lDIcCDuCIcWIlDlDcUcDIcmD8QIImDI0I8uu-
0IcIculI8lc0ucSS. Lu lDc DlDcI D8u0, IlDcQS lD cSl8DISD IcQIC8lIDu 8S Du08-
mcul8,cVculDDugD DUcI SCDD8IS, SuCD 8S tD MDm, CDulcSl Uc DyQDlDcSISD
lDc ulIIl8II8u-m8gIC8 uuClIDuDlDc IcQIC8. M8uScI, Dy CDulI8Sl,CDulcu0S lD8l
lDc 8cDIlDICDuulct8u0Q8IulctlDDugDlDcW8S m QDSScSSIDuDlDclDIug IlSc
Iu lDc QICluIc,lDDugDl Dc D80 WDu QDWcIDVcI lDc QDIU8yc0Dy lDc QDIlI8y8.
l0
IlD CcIl8Iu IcScI8lIDuS, cSCD 8SD lcu0S lDW8I0 lDIS QDSIlIDu. Lu lDc DlDcI
D8u0, 8lcS8 bCDDSScI Hu0S lD8l lDc mDSl SUIXIug CD8I8ClcIISlIC D 8cDIlDIC
QDIU8y8 ISlDc 0cVI8lIDu HDm lDc u8luI8 Im8gc, lDIS 0cVI8lIDu,DDWcVcI,ISuDl
8lUIDulc0lD 8uy8ICD8ICID8lIDu8ISmDulI8lDcI,DDWIugLDIcuZ8H0LcDcu,
2
IS IulcIQIclc0 8S 8u cXQIcSSIVc DIm D 8 DIDDgIC8 rutic. Lc8Iy,lDc lDcSIS D
m8gIC8 ulIIl8II8uISm 8u0 u8luI8ISm Sl8u0S uQ Iu lDc 8Cc D lDc cVI0cuCc uD
mDIclD8u0DS MDm SlDcSISDlDcIcIgIDuS DIIgIuD8Il.MIScXQICIluScDlDc
CDuCcQl DSymDDIZ8lIDu 8Ic80y QDSlu8lcS DI lDc c8tIcSl QcIID0 80u8ISm lD8l
M8uScI DISl 8lUIDulcS lD lDc cDIlDIC QIID0. DIS 0u8ISm, 8CCDI0Iug lD MDm,
ScIVcS 8 uuIl8Iy DIg8uIZ8lIDu D8Il ]uSl 8S WIlhIulDIS 0u8ISmlDcIc 8QQc8IS lDc
SUuCluIc D8u8IlICu8lc0 8u0UcIcDIcucCcSS8IIyDIcI8ICDIC8 8u0 IuSlIlulIDu8-
IZc0 SDCIcly~Duc Iu WDICD QID0uClIDu 8Ic80y Q8yS 8 IDc. Mc 8IgucS lD8l Cul
8u08uuIl8IyC8uDuDDImSWcIccSl8DISDc00uIIuglDc S8mcQcIID0,8u0lD8l8Il
W8S lDuS0IVI0c0 IulD 8S8CIc08u0 8QID8uc SQDcIc,lD8l IS,IulDI0DSCuQluIc 8u0
328 c THEOKlES ON TH OKlGlN Ol AKT
0cCOI8lIVc CcImCS. hIS COuSUuClIOu O lhc 8uImISlIC Qh8Sc IS Q8I8cc0 Dy lhc
COuSUClIOu O QIcMImISm OI, 8S SCIcuCc lO08y QIccIS lO C8 Il, lhc `uOucmQIIIC8
WOI0 VIcW, WhICh IS m8IKc0 Dy Uc `cSSculI8 0uIly O 8 Ic. 0l lhc OD]cClIVc
ImQcucU8DIIly O lhc O0cSl QhcuOmcu8 IcD0S lhIS COuSUuClIOu. P COuCcQl IKc
lhc `cSSculI8 0uIly O 8 Ic 8Ic80y QIcS0QQOScS 8 0IVISIOu DclWccu OIm 8u0
m8lcII8 Iu lhc c8IIcSl Qh8Sc OI, 8l lhc c8Sl, OSCI8lcS DclWccu Uc I0c8 O S0Ch 8
0IVISIOu 8u0 lhc I0c8 O 0uIly. hc Sl0mDIu_ DOCK hcIc IS lhc COuCcQl O 0uIly . 1lS
C0IIcul 0Sc ODSC0IcS cVcIylhIu_, IuC00Iu_ lhc Ic8lIOu DclWccu lhc Ouc 8u0 lhc
m8uy. 1u UulD, 0uIly ShO00 Dc COuCcIVc0 8S Il W8S IccClc0 0QOu OI lhc DISl lImc
Iu 8lOS Fumenides. 8S lhc 0uIly O lhc m8uy. hc 0u0IcIculI8lc0 Ch8I8ClcI
O QIchISlOIy IS uOl 8 0uIly O lhIS SOIl D0l 8S I8UcI Ou lhc OlhcI SI0c O lDc
0IChOlOmy Iu WhICh 0uIly h8S mc8uIu_ Ouy 8S 8 QOMly. PS 8 IcS0l, S0Ch IuVcS-
lI_8lIOuS 8S tIIlZ I80ScS `N8SKS 8u0 PuCcSlI8 tI_0IcS 8SO cuCO0ulcIS 0Ih-
C0lIcS. PCCOI0Iu_ lO I80Sc, Iu lhc O0cSl uOu8uImISlIC IcQIcScul8lIOuS `OIm IS
DO0u0 0Q WIlh lhc m8lcD8 I8lhcI lh8u DcIu_ ScQ8DDc IOm Il. Puy Ch8_c O lhc
cSScuCc IS QOSSIDc Ouy lhIO0_h 8 Ch8u_c O m8lcII8 undOIm, lh8l IS, lDIO0_h
lhc COmQclc lI8uSOIm8lIOu O lhc DO0y. hIS cXQ8IuS lhc mcl8mOQhOSIS O
cSScuCcS IulO Ouc 8uOlhcI.

` I80Sc II_hly 8I_0cS 8_8IuSl lDc COuVculIOu8 COu-

CcQl O lhc SymDO lh8l lhc lI8uSOIm8lIOu lh8l l8KcS Q8Cc Iu m8SK CcIcmOuIcS IS
uOl SymDOIC D0l I8lhcI `OIm8lIVc m8_IC, 8 lcIm DOIIOWc0 HOm lhc 0cVcOQ-
mcul8 QSyChOO_ISl McIuZ cDcI.

tOI lhc 1u0I8uS, hc C8ImS, lhc m8SK IS uOl
SImQy lhc 0cmOu WhOSc OICc IS lI8uScHc0 lO IlS Dc8IcI. 8lhcI, lhc DcMcI hIm-
Sc DcCOmcS Uc IuCM8lIOu O lhc 0cmOu 8u0 IS cXlIu_0IShc0 8S 8 Sc.` hcIc
8Ic gIO0u0S OI 0O0DlIug lhIS. VcIy mcmDcI O 8 uDc, lDc m8Skcd BCl0dcd,
CcMly IcCO_uIZcS lhc 0IcIcuCc DclWccu hIS OWu 8Cc 8u0 lhc m8SK, 8 0IcIcuCc
lh8l 8CCOI0Iu_ lO lhc ucOIOm8ulIC COuSUClIOu ShO00 Dc ImQcICcQlIDc. t8Cc 8u0
m8SK 8Ic uO mOIc Ouc 8u0 lhc S8mc lh8u lhc DcMcI O lhc m8SK C8u Dc l8Kcu OI
lhc IuCM8lIOu O lDc 0cmOu. LOuU8Iy lO I80Sc S C8Im, Uc ccmcul O 0ISSIm0-
8lIOu IuhcIcS Iu lhc QhcuOmcuOu. cIlhcI lhc Olcu lOl8y SlyIZc0 OIm uOI lhc
8Cl lh8l lhc DcMI O lhc m8SK IS Ouy Q8IlI8y COVcIc0 8cClS lhc IulcIQIcl8lIOu
O lhc `cSSculI8 U8uSOIm8lIOu O lhc Dc8IcI Dy lhc m8SK.

bOmclhIu_ Ou lhc
OI0cI O DcIc Iu Ic8 U8uSOIm8lIOu IS O CO0ISc cg08y Q8Il O lhc QhcuOmcuOu
Iu ]0Sl Uc S8mc W8y lh8l ChI0Icu Q8yIu_ 0O uOl 0ISlIu_0ISh Sh8IQy DclWccu
lhcmScVcS 8u0 lhc ICc Q8yc0 ycl C8u 8l 8uy mOmcul Dc C8c0 D8CK lO Ic8Ily.
LVcu cXQIcSSIOu IS h8I0y QIImOI0I8, Il lO 0cVcOQc0 hISlOIIC8y, QIh8QS IOm
8uImISm. hcu 8 C8u mcmDcI ImIl8lIVcy m8KcS hImSc IulO 8 lOlcmIC 8uIm8 OI
8 c8IH 0IVIuIly, SOmclDIu_ OlDcI lh8u lhc Sc~COul8Iuc0 Iu0IVI008 IS cXQIcSSc0.
PlhO0_h cXQIcSSIOu IS SccmIu_y 8u 8SQcCl O S0D]cClIVIly, Iu Il~cXlcD8IZ8-
lIOu ~lhcIc 0WcS ]0Sl 8S m0Ch lh8l IS uOl lhc Sc, lD8l QIOD8Dy IS lhc COcClIVc.
1u lD8l lhc S0D]cCl, 8W8cuIu_ lO cXQIcSSIOu, SccKS COcClIVc S8uClIOu, cXQIcSSIOu
IS 8Ic80y cVJ0cuCc O 8 hSS0H. 1l IS Ouy WIlh mSl8DIIZ8lIOu O lhc S0D]cCl Iu
Sc~COuSCIO0SucSS lh8l cXQIcSSIOu DcCOmcS 80lOuOmO0S 8S lhc cXQIcSSIOu O Uc
THEORlES ON THE ORlGlN Ol ART | 32
SuD]cCl, WhIc m8Iul8IuIug lhc gcSluIc D m8XIug IlSc IulD SDmclhIug. bcQIC8-
lIDu CDu0 Dc IulcIQIclc0 8S lhc IcIDC8lIDu D lhIS CDmQDIUcul, 8u0 Il IS lhuS lhc
cucmj D QIcCIScj lh8l ImQuSc lh8l IS Iu0Imcul8IIj DD]cClIV8lc0 8S cXQIcSSIDu.
Pl lhc S8mc lImc SuCh IcIDC8lIDu Dj mc8uS D IcQIC8lIDu IS 8SD cm8uCIQ8lDIj. R
hcQS lD Icc cXQIcSSIDu Dj Q8CIug Il 8l lhc 0ISQDS8 D lhc SuD]cCl. LuCc QcDQc
WcIc QIh8QS 8S cXQIcSSIDucSS 8S 8uIm8S, WhD ucIlhcI 8ugh uDI CIj, lhDugh
lhcII Sh8QS Mc DD]cClIVcj cXQIcSSIVc, SDmclhIug lhc 8uIm8S QIDD8Dj 0D uDl
ScuSc. hIS IS IcC8c0 DISl Dj gDII8IXc m8SXS, 8lcI Dj 8IlWDIXS. LXQIcSSIDu, 8IlS
Qu8SI-u8luI8 ccmcul, IS 8S SuCh 8Ic80j SDmclhIug DlhcI lh8u QuIc u8luIc.
hc cXlIcmcj hclcIDgcucDuS IulcIQIcl8lIDuS 8Ic m80c QDSSIDc Dj 8u DD]cClIVc
8mDIguIlj. LVcu lhc C8Im lh8l hclcIDgcucDuS ccmculS IulcImcShc0 Iu QIc-
hISlDIIC MSlIC QhcuDmcu8 IS 8u8ChIDuISUC. h IS mDIc IXcj lh8l 0IVISIDu m0
uuIlj 8IDSc uu0cI lhc QIcSSuIc lD Dc Hcc0 HDm lhc SQ D lhc 0IuSc, 8CCDm-
Q8uIc0 Dj lhc cmcIgcuCc D 8 mDIc ScCuIc SDCI8 DIg8uIZ8lIDu. u hIS CDuSQcCluS
McISXDVIlS CDhcIculj 8IgucS lh8l 0cVcDQmcul8 lhcDIIcS lh8l 0c0uCc 8Il HDm 8
QIIm8IIj SjmDDIC8 DI Ic8ISlIC QIIuCIQc D V8I0Ilj Mc uulcu8Dc gIVcu lhc
CDulI80IClDIj 0IVcISIlj D QIchISlDIIC 8u0 QIImIlIVc 8Il. hc Sh8IQ CDulI8Sl 0I8Wu
DclWccu QIImIlIVc CDuVculIDu8ISmIu lhc ScuSc D SljIZ8lIDu~8u0 18cDIUIC
Ic8ISm ISD8lcS 8 SIugc 8SQcCl. l IS uDl QSSIDc lD 0ISCcD Uc gcucI8 QIcQDu0cI-
8uCc D Duc QIIuCIQc DVcI 8uDlhcI Iu c8IIcSl lImcS 8uj mDIc lh8u lhIS CDu0 D
0Duc lD08j 8mDug SuIVIVIug QIImIlIVc QcDQcS. 18cDIlhIC SCuQluIc IS S8I0 lD
Dc DI lhc mDSl Q8Il hIghj SljIZc0, CDuU8Ij lD lhc CDulcmQI8Ij Ic8ISlIC QDI-
lI8j8S D lhc C8Vc Q8IulIugS, lhIS Ic8ISm, hDWcVcI, 8S McISXDVIlS QDIulS Dul, IS
m8IXc0 Dj hclcIDgcucDuS ccmculS, DIcShDIlcuIugS, DI cX8mQc, lh8l C8uuDl Dc
IulcIQIclc0 8S DcIug cIlhcI QcISQcClIV8 DI SjmDDIC. hc 8Il D QIImIlIVc QDQc
lD08j IS ]uSl 8S CDmQcX, Ic8ISlIC ccmculS h8Vc Iu uD W8j SuQQHSSc0 Hj Slj-
IZc0 DImS, c8Sl D 8 Iu SCuQluH. mmcISIDu Iu 8IlS DIIgIuS l8ul8IZcS 8cSlhclIC
lhcDIj WIlh V8IIDuS 8QQ8Iculj ljQIC8 QIDCc0uIcS, Dul ]uSl 8S QuICXj lhcj cSC8Qc
lhc DIm gIIQ lh8l mD0cD IulcIQIcl8lIDu8 CDuSCIDuSucSS Im8gIucS Il QDSScSScS.
P 8ulcIIDI lD lhc 18cDIlhIC QcIID0 IS uDl XuDWu. ul Il IS 0DuDlcSS lh8l 8Il 0I0
uDl DcgIu WIlh WDIXS, WhclhcI lhcj WcIC QIIm8IIj m8gIC8 DI 8Ic80j 8cSlhclIC.
hc C8Vc 0I8WIugS 8Ic Sl8gcS D 8 QIDCcSS 8u0 Iu uD W8j 8u c8Ij Duc. hc DISl
Im8gcS muSl h8Vc Dccu QIcCc0c0 Dj 8 mImclIC CDmQDIlmcul lhc 8SSImI8lIDu D
lhc Sc lD IlS DlhcI~lh8l 0DcS uDl uj CDIuCI0c WIlh lhc SuQcISlIlIDu D 0IIcCl
m8gICM IuHucuCc, I Iu 8Cl uD 0IcIculI8lIDu DclWccu m8gIC m0 mImcSIS h80
Dccu QIcQ8Ic0 DVcI 8 Dug QcIID0 D lImc, lhc SDIug lI8CcS D 8ulDuDmDuS c8DD-
I8lIDu Iu lhc C8Vc Q8IulIugS WDu0 Dc IucXQIC8Dc. ul DuCc 8cSUclIC CDmQDIl-
mcul, QIIDI lD 8 DD]cClIV8lIDu, Scl IlSc D IDm m8gIC8 QI8ClICcS, hDWcVcI
Iu0Imcul8IIj, lhIS 0ISlIuClIDu h8S SIuCc Dccu C8IIIc0 8Dug 8S 8 IcSI0uc, Il IS 8S I
lhc uDW HuClIDucSS mImcSIS, WhICh Ic8ChcS D8CX IulD lhc DIDDgIC8 0ImcuSIDu,
W8S VcSlIgI8j m8Iul8Iuc0, DIcSh80DWIug lhc m8XIm lh8l lhc SuQISUCluIc IS
lI8uSDImc0 mDIc SDWj lh8u lhc IuH8SlIuCluIc. u lhc lI8CcS D Wh8l h8S Dccu
JJ L THOKlES ON TH OKlG Ol AKT
DVcH8KcB Dj lhc gcBcI8 CD0ISc D lhIBgS, 8 8Il Dc8IS IDc S0SQICIDUS DUI0cB
D Wh8l 0I0 BDl m8Kc lhc gI80c, lhc IcgIcSSIVc. Ul 8cSlhclIC CDmQDIlmcBl IS BDl
8lDgclhcI IU0ImcBl8Ij. A IIIcVDC8Dc BcCcSSIlj D 8Il 8B0 QIcScIVc0 Dj Il, 8cS-
IhclIC CDmQDIlmcBl CDBl8IBS Wh8l h8S DccB DcIgcIcBlj cXCISc0 HDm CIVIIZ8lIDB
8B0 IcQIcSSc0, 8S Wc 8S lhc hUm8B S0cIIBg 0B0cI lhc DSS, 8 SUcIIBg 8Ic80j
cXQIcSSc0 IB lhc c8IIcSl DImS D mImcSIS. hIS ccmcBl ShD00 BDl Dc 0ISmISSc0
8S ID8lIDB8. P IS IB IlS mDSl 8BCIcBl IcICS lDD 0ccQj QcImc8lc0 WIlh I8lIDB8Ilj.
hc DDSlID8Cj D 8cSlhclIC CDmQDIlmcBl, WhICh W8S 8lcI I0cDDgIC8j gDIIDc0
8S lhc clcH8 B8l0I8 QDWcI D lhc Q8j 0IIVc, IcSlIDcS I8lhcI lh8l lD lhIS 08j BD
I8lIDB8Ilj h8S DccB Uj I8lIDB8, BDBc h8S 0BIcSUIClc0j DcBcDlc0 hUm8BIlj, IIS
QDIcBlI8, DI cVcB 8 `h0m8BIZc0 B8l0Ic. h8l m8IKS 8cSlhclIC CDmQDIlmcBl 8S
III8lIDB8 8CCDI0IBg lD lhc CIIlcII8 D 0DmID8Bl I8lIDB8Ilj IS lh8l 8Il 0cBD0BCcS lhc
Q8IlIC08I cSScBCc D 8 ruticlh8l QUIS0cS mc8BS I8lhcI lh8B cB0S. PII IcmIB0S 0S
D lhc 8llcI 8B0 D 8B DD]cClIVIlj cc0 Dm lhc C8lcgDII8 SlIUClUIc. hIS IS Ihc
SDUICc D 8IlS I8lIDB8Ilj, IlS Ch8I8ClcI 8S KBDWc0gc. PcSlhclIC CDmQDIlmcBl IS
lhc C8Q8CIlj lD QcICcIVc mDIc IB lhIBgS lh8B lhcj 8Ic, Il IS lhc g8Zc 0B0cI WhICh lhc
gIVcB IS lI8BSDImc0 IBlD 8B Im8gc. hcIc8S lhIS CDmQDIlmcBl C8B Dc cDIlcSSj
ImQUgBc0 8S IB80cQU8lc Dj lhc Sl8l0S Q0D, lhc 8llcI C8B IB0cc0 DBj Dc cXQII-
cBCc0 lhID0gh IhIS CDmQDIlmcBl. P DB8 IBlIm8IIDB D Uc I8lIDB8Ilj IB mImcSIS
IS ImQ8Ilc0 Dj 8lD S 0DCUIBc D cBlhUSI8Sm 8S lhc QIcCDB0IlIDB D QhIDSDQhj
8B0 cmQh8lIC KDDWc0gc, WhICh hc BDl DBj 0cm8B0c0 DB 8 lhcDIclIC8 cVc D0l
0cmDBSlI8lc0 8l lhc 0cCISIVc QDIBl IB lhc Fhuedras.hIS 8lDBIC 0DCUIBc h8S
0cgcBcI8lc0 IBlD 8 C0I0I8 CDmmD0Ilj, jcl WIlhDUl DIcIlIBg IlS lIUIh CDBlcBl.
PcSlDclIC CDmQDIlmcBl IS lhc 0BImQ8ID0 CDIIcClIVc D IcIDc0 CDBSCIDUSBcSS Ih8l
h8S IB lDc mc8DlImc D0IgcDBc0 8S lDl8IQ. h8l WhICh IB 8cSlhclIC CDmQDIlmcBl
QIDQcS IlSc lDW8I0 lhc Ighl 8D0 SccKS lD cSC8Qc Ihc SQc m8DIcSlS IlSc eccn-
truric IB lhDSc WhD 0D WIlhDUl Il, lhc 8cSlhclIC8j IBScBSIDc. D SlU0j lhcm
WDU0 Dc D IBcSlIm8Dc V8Uc DI Ihc 8B8jSIS D 8cSlhclIC CDmQDIImcBl. LVcB IB
lcImS D lhc Sl8B08I0S D lhc 0DmIB8Bl I8IIDB8Ilj lhcj 8Ic IB BD W8j lhc mDSl QID-
gIcSSIVc DI 0cVcDQc0, BDI 8Ic Ihcj SImQj IhDSc WhD 8CK 8 Q8IlICU8I cXQB08Dc
Q08Ilj. LB Ihc CDBU8Ij, IhcII cBlIIc CDBSIIlUlIDB IS 0cDImc0 lD 8 Q8lhDDgIC8 0c-
gIcc. hcj CDBCIclIZc. hDSc WhDSc IhD0ghl IS BD mDIc Ih8B QID]cClIDB 8Ic DDS,
WhICh 8IlISlS mUSl BDl D DB 8Dj 8CCDUBl, UDSc, hDWcVcI, WhD 0D BDl QID]cCl 8l 8
8I lD gI8SQ Ic8Ilj 8B0 IBSlc80 IcQc8l 8B0 8SIj Il Dj CI0ShIBg DUl Wh8I gIm-
mcIc0 hDWcVcI 0ISl8Blj lD QIc8BImISlIC CDBSCID0SBcSS. lhc CDmm0BIC8lIDB D 8
0ISQISc0 Q8HICU8IS WIlh c8Ch DlhcI. hIS CDBSCID0SBcSS IS BD mDIc IIUc lh8B DBc
lh8l CDBUSc0 8Bl8Sj 8B0 Ic8Ilj. LDmQIchcBSIDB DCC0IS DBj WhcB lhc CDBCcQl
lI8BSCcB0S Wh8I Il W8DlS lD gI8SQ. P Q0IS lhIS lD lhc lcSl, IhIBKIBg lh8l QIDSCIIDcS
S0Ch CDmQIchcBSIDB DcCDmcS DUUIghl Sl0QI0Ilj 8B0 mISScS lhc DD]cCl DcC8USc Il
S0D]0g8lcS Il. P cgIlIm8lcS IlSc WIlhIB lhc CDBDBcS D lhc SQc IB lh8l I8lID-
B8Ilj DcCDmcS QDWcIcSS WhcB 8cSlhcIIC CDmQDIlmcBl IS IcQIcSSc0 DI, 0B0cI lhc
QIcSSUIc D SDCI8IZ8lIDB, BD DBgcI cVcB CDBSlIl0lc0. PS W8S 8Ic80j QDIBlc0 D0l
THOKlES ON THE OK!GlN O! AKT ' JJ

Iu lhc Diulecticc/Enlihtenment,SlIICl QOSIlIVISm CIOSScS OVcI IulO lhc ccDc
mIu0c0ucSS O lhc 8IlISlIC8!!j IuScuSID!c, lhc SuCcSSu!j C8SlI8lc0. hc u8DOW-
mIu0c0 WIS0Om lh8l SOIlS Oul ccIu_ IOm KuOWIu_ 8u0 IuDS IlS h8u0S lO_clhcI
Whcu Il Du0S lhc lWO D8!8uCc0 IS8S lIIVI8!IlIcS SOmclImcS 8Iclhc C8IIC8luIc O
8 SIlu8lIOu lh8l OVcI Uc CculuIIcS O lhc 0IVISIOu O 8DOI h8S IuSCIIDc0 lhIS 0IVI
SIOu Iu SuD]cClIVIlj . 3cl ccIu_ 8u0 uu0cISl8u0Iu_ 8Ic uOl 8DSOulcj 0IHcIcul Iu
lhc hum8u 0ISQOSIlIOu 8u0 Icm8Iu 0cQcu0cul cVcu Iu lhcII 0IVI0c0ucSS. hc OImS
O Ic8ClIOu lh8l 8Ic SuDSumc0 uu0cI lhc COuCcQl O ccIu_ DcCOmc ulIc cuC8VcS
O SculImcul8Ilj 8S SOOu 8S lhcj Sc8 lhcmScVcS OH Om lhcII Ic8lIOu lO lhOu_hl
8u0 luH 8 DIu0 cjc lOW8I0 Uulh, lhOu_hl, hOWcVcI, 8QQIO8ChcS l8ulOO_j Whcu Il
ShIIuKS IOm lhc SuDIm8lIOu O lhc mImclIC COmQOIlmcul. hc 8l8 ScQ8I8lIOu O
lhc lWO C8mc 8DOul hISlOIIC8j 8u0 IS IcVOC8Dc. RuticWIUOul mImcSIS IS Sc-
uc_8lIu_. Lu0S, lhc I8ISOu 0clIc O ruiscn,8Ic Qu8Il8lIVc, 8u0 mImclIC QOWcI IS
ccClIVc!j lhc QOWcI O Qu8Il8lIVc 0ISlIuClIOu. hc Sc!-uc_8lIOu O Ic8SOu Cc8Ij
h8S IlS hISlOIIC8! ucCcSSIlj. hc WOI0, WhICh IS OD]cClIVc!j OSIu_ IlS OQcuucSS, uO
Ou_cI h8S ucc0 O 8 SQIIIl U8l IS 0cDuc0 Dj IlS OQcuucSS, Iu0cc0, Il C8u SC8ICcj
Qul uQ WIlh lhc lI8CcS O lh8l SQIIIl. Ilh Ic_8I0 lO IlS SuD]cClIVc SI0c, lhc COulcm-
QOI8Ij !OSS O cXQcIIcuCc m8j 8I_cj COIuCI0c WIlh lhc DIllcI IcQIcSSIOu O mImc-
SIS lh8l l3cS lhc Q8Cc O IlS mcl8mOIQhOSIS. h8l Iu V8IIOuS ScClOIS O LcIm8u
I0cOO_j IS SlI C8c0 8u MlISlIC ScuSIDIIlj IS ]uSl lhIS IcQIcSSIOu O mImcSIS
I8ISc0 lO 8 QIIuCIQc, 8S WhICh Il IS U8uSOImc0 IulO 8IlISlIC IuScuSIDI!Ilj. PcSlhclIC
COmQOIlmcul, hOWcVcI, IS ucIUcI Immc0I8lcj m1mcSIS uOI IlS IcQIcSSIOu Dul
I8lhcI lhc QIOCcSS lh8l mImcSIS SclS Iu mOlIOu 8u0 Iu WhICh, mO0IDc0, mImcSIS IS
QIcScIVc0. hIS QIOCcSS U8uSQIIcS cQu8j Iu lhc Ic!8lIOu O lhc Iu0IVI0u8 lO 8Il 8S
Iu lhc hISlOIIC8 m8CIDOSm, Il COu_c8S Iu lhc Imm8ucul mOVcmcul O c8Ch 8u0
cVcIj 8IlWOIK, Iu IlS lcuSIOuS 8u0 Iu lhcII QOSSID!c IcSO!ulIOu. \lIm8lcj, 8cSlhclIC
COmQOHcul IS lO Dc 0cDuc0 8S lhc C8Q8CIlj lO Shu00cI, 8S I _OOSc DumQS WcIc
lhc DISl 8cSlhclIC Im8_c. h8l 8lcI C8mc lO Dc C8c0 SuD]cClIVIlj, ccIu_ IlSc!
m lhc D!Iu0 8uXIclj O lhc Shu00cI, IS 8l lhc S8mc lImc lhc Shu00cIS OWu
0cVc!OQmcul, Ic Iu lhc SuD]cCl IS uOlhIu_ Dul Wh8l Shu00cIS, lhc Ic8ClIOu lO lhc
lOl8! SQ lh8l UmSCcu0S lhc SQc. LOuSCIOuSucSS WIlhOul Shu00cI IS IcIDc0 COu-
SCIOuSucSS. h8l Shu00cI Iu WhICh SuD]cClIVIlj SlIIS WIlhOul jcl DcIu_ SuD]cClIVIlj
IS lhc 8Cl O DcIu_ lOuChc0 Dj lhc OlhcI. PcSlhclIC COmQOIlmcul 8SSImI8lcS IlSc
lO lh8l OlhcI I8lhcI lh8u SuDOI0Iu8lIu_ Il. buCh 8 COuSlIlulIVc Ic8lIOu O lhc SuD]cCl
lO OD]cClIVIlj Iu 8cSlhclIC COmQOIlmcul ]OIuS cIOS 8u0 KuOWc0_c.
Idl HlIOUUClIOH
hc COuCcQl O QhIlOSOQhIC8l 8cSlhclICS h8S 8u 8ulIQu8lc0 Qu8lIlj, 8S 0OcS lhc COu-
CcQl O 8 SjSlcm OI lh8l O mOI8lS. hIS cclIug IS Iu uO W8j IcSUIClc0 lO 8IlISlIC
QI8XIS 8u0 lhc QuDlIC Iu0IcIcuCc lO 8cSlhclIC lhcOIj. tVcu Iu 8C80cmIC CIIClcS,
cSS8jS IclcV8ul lO 8cSlhclICS h8Vc OI 0cC80cS uOW uOlICc8Dlj 0ImIuIShc0. hIS
QOIul IS m8dc Iu 8 IcCcuI dIClIOuIj O! QhIOSOQhj. hcIc IS SC8ICclj 8uOIhcI
QhIlOSOQhIC8l 0ISCIQlIuc Ih8l IcSlS Ou SuCh ImSj QIcSuQQOSIIIOuS 8S 0OcS 8cSlhcl-
ICS. LIXc 8 Wc8lhcI V8uc Il IS `DlOWu 8DOul Dj cVcIj QhIlOSOQhIC8l, CulluI8l, 8u0
SCIculIDC guSl, 8l Ouc mOmcul Il IS mcl8QhjSIC8l 8u0 Iu lhc ucXl cmQIIIC8l, uOW
uOIm8lIVc, lhcu 0cSCIIQlIVc, uOW 0cDuc0 Dj 8IlISlS, lhcu Dj COuuOISScuIS, Ouc d8j
8Il IS SuQQOSc0lj lhc CculcI O 8cSlhclICS 8ud u8luI8l Dc8ulj mcIclj QIClImIu8Ij,
lhc ucXl 08j 8Il Dc8ulj IS mcIclj ScCOu0-h8u0 u8luI8l Dc8ulj. NOIII2 LcIgcIS
0cSCIIQlIOu O lhc 0Ilcmm8 O 8cSlhclICS h8S Dccu Hc SIuCc lhc mI00lc O lhc
uIuclcculh CculuIj. hcIc IS 8 0OuDlc Ic8SOu OI lhIS QluI8lISm O 8cSIhclIC lhcO-
IIcS, WhICh 8Ic Olcu cVcu lcl uuHuIShc0. RIcSI0cS Ou lhc Ouc h8u0 Iu lhc uu08-
mcul8l 0ICullj, Iu0cc0 ImQOSSIDIlIlj, O g8IuIug gcucI8 8CCcSS lO 8Il Dj mc8uS
O 8 SjSlcm O QhIlOSOQhIC8l C8lcgOIIcS, 8u0 Ou lhc OlhcI, Iu lhc 8Cl lh8l 8cSlhclIC
Sl8lcmculS h8Vc lI80IlIOu8llj QIcSuQQOSc0 lhcOIIcS O XuOWlc0gc. hc QIODlcm-
8lIC O lhcOIIcS O XuOWlc0gc IcluDS 0IIcCllj Iu 8cSlhclICS, DcC8uSc hOW 8cSlhclICS
IulcIQIclS IlS OD]cClS 0cQcu0S Ou lhc COuCcQl O lhc OD]cCl hcl0 Dj Ihc lhcOIj
O XuOWlc0gc. hIS U80IlIOu8l 0cQcu0cuCj, hOWcVcI, IS 0cDuc0 Dj lhc SuD]cCl
m8llcI IlScl 8u0 IS 8lIc80j COul8Iuc0 Iu lhc lcImIuOlOgj. PllhOugh lhIS Wcll
0cSCIIDcS lhc SIlu8lIOu, Il 0OcS uOl SuhCIcullj cXQl8Iu Il, lhc OlhcI QhIlOSOQhIC8l
0ISCIQlIucS, IuClu0Iug lhc lhcOIj O XuOWlc0gc 8u0 lOgIC, 8Ic uO lcSS COulIOVcISI8l
332
DKA INTKODUClON

8u0 ycl IulcIcSl Iu Ucm h8S uDl 8ggc0 lD 8 SImI8I cXlcul. hc uuuSu8 SIlu8lIDu
D 8cSlhclICS IS 0ISCDuI8gIug. LIDc IuUD0uCc0 I80IC8 uDmIu8ISm IulD 8cSlhclIC
lhcDIy. PmDSl SImul8ucDuSy, ImQDIl8ul lhIuKIug c DchIu0 lhc SD-C8c0 uu
08mcul8 QIDDcmS D 8cSlhclICS 8u0 DcC8mc ImmcISc0 Iu SQcCIDC DIm8 8u0
m8lcII8 QIDDcmS, 8S IS lhc C8Sc WIlh LuK8CSS 1hecjc/theNcvel, cu]8DIuS
CIIlIQuc D ElectiveA]nities, WhICh 0cVcDQc0 IulD 8u cmQh8lIC lIc8lISc, 8u0 hIS
Oriin c/ Cemun 1ruic Drumu.- lhc 8Sl-u8mc0 WDIK CuuuIugy 0ccu0S
LIDCc S uDmIu8ISm, Il 8l lhc S8mc lImc l8KcS IulD 8CCDuul 8 SIlu8lIDu WhcIc CDu-
SCIDuSucSS uD DugcI hDQS lh8l Hu08mcul8 QIIuCIgcS WI c80 lD IuSIghl IulD
lhc lI80IlIDu8y gIc8l QucSlIDuS D 8cSlhclICS, cSQcCI8y lhDSc D 8 mcl8QhySIC8
0ImcuSIDu, Dul IuSlc80 SccKS IuSIghl Iu SQhcIcS lh8l DImcIy hc0 lhc Sl8luS D
cXcmQ8. hIDSDQhIC8 8cSlhclICS Duu0 IlSc CDuHulc0 WIlh lhc 8l8 8lcD8-
lIVc DclWccu 0umD 8u0 UIVI8 uuIVcIS8Ily Du lhc Duc h8u0 8u0, Du lhc DlhcI, 8IDI
lI8Iy ]u0gmculS uSu8y 0cIIVc0 Dm CDuVculIDu8 DQIuIDuS. Mcgc S QIDgI8m,
lh8l lhDughl ShDu0 uDl QIDCcc0 Dm 8DDVc Dul I8lhcI IcIuQuISh IlSc lD lhc Qhc-
uDmcu8, W8S DISl DIDughl WIlhIu Ic8Ch Iu 8cSlhclICS Dy 8 uDmIu8ISm Iu DQQDSI-
lIDu lD WhICh McgcS DWu 8cSlhclICS, gIVcu IlS C8SSICISl CDmQDuculS, QIcScIVc0
8I mDIc 8DSlI8Cl IuV8II8ulS lh8u W8S CDhcIcul WIlh 0I8cClIC8 mclhO. hIS 8l lhc
S8mc lImc lhIcW IulD QucSlIDu lhc QDSSIDIIly D 8cSlhclIC lhcDIy 8S 8 U80IlIDu8
lhcDIy. DI lhc I0c8 D lhc CDuCIclc, Du WhICh c8Ch 8u0 cVcIy 8IIWDIK, Iu0cc0 8uy
cXQcIIcuCc D Dc8uly, IS DXc0, QIDhIDIlS SImI8Iy 8S Iu lhc Slu0y D 8Il ~0ISl8uC-
Iug IlSc IDm 0clcImIu8R QhcuDmcu8 Iu lhc W8y lh8l QhIDSDQhIC8 CDuScuSuS
h80 SD Dug 8u0 8Scy SuQQDSc0 QDSSIDc Iu lhc SQhcIcS D lhc lhcDIy D KuDW-
c0gc DI clhICS. P gcucI8 lhcDIy D lhc 8cSlhclIC8y CDuCIclc WDu0 ucCcSS8IIy cl
SIQ Wh8l IulcIcSlc0 Il Iu lhc DD]cCl Iu lhc DISl Q8Cc. hc Ic8SDu DI lhc DDSDcS-
CcuCc D 8cSlhclICS IS lh8l Il SCMCcy cVcI CDuIDulc0 IlSc WIlh IlS DD]cCl. y IlS
VcIy DIm, 8cSlhclICS SccmS SWDD lD 8 uuIVcIS8Ily lh8l CuDIu8lcS Iu Iu80cQu8Cy
lD lhc 8IlWDIKS 8u0, CDmQcmcul8IIy, Iu lI8uSIlDIy clcD8 V8ucS. hc 8C80cmIC
mISlIuSl D 8cSlhclICS IS Duu0c0 Iu lhc 8C80cmICISm Imm8ucul lD Il. hc mDlIVc
DI lhc 8CK D IulcIcSl Iu 8cSlhclIC QucSlIDuS IS QIIm8IIy lhc IuSlIluUDu8IZc0
SCIculID C, SChD8Iy 8uXIcly VIS-8-VIS Wh8l IS uuCcIl8Iu 8u0 CDulcSlc0, uDl c8I D
QIDVIuCI8ISm 8u0 D hDW D8CKW8I0 lhc DImu8lIDu D ISSucS IS WIlh IcSQcCl lD
lhc u8luIc D lhDSc ISSucS. hc SyuDQlIC8, CDulcmQ8lIVc QcISQcClIVc lh8l SCIcuCc
cXQcClS D 8cSlhclICS h8S mc8uWhIc DcCDmc IuCDmQ8lIDc WIlh QIDgIcSSIVc 8II,
WhICh8S Iu M8h8S DSl Q8UcuCc WIlh 8uy CDulcmQ8lIVc 8llIlu0c. PcSlhclICS
lD08y lhcIcDIc DcgIuS Dy 0IVcIgIug IDm Wh8l Il lIc8lS, h8VIug DCDmc SuSQICIDuS
D lhc Q8SSIVc, QDSSIDy cVcu CuIu8Iy, Qc8SuIcS D SQcCl8lDIS. PS IlS Sl8u08I0,
CDulcmQ8lIVc 8cSlhclICS QIcSuQQDScS lh8l l8Slc Dy WhICh lhc DDScIVcI 0ISQDScS
DVcI lhc WDIKS IDm 8 0ISl8uCc. 8Slc, Du 8CCDuul D IlS SuD]cClIVISlIC QIc]u0ICc,
IlSc Sl8u0S Iu ucc0 D lhcDIclIC8 IccClIDu uDl Duy 8S lD Why Il 8IS Iu lhc 8Cc
D lhc mDSl IcCcul mD0cDISm Dul Why Il m8y Dug h8Vc Dccu Iu80cQu8lc lD 80-
V8uCc0 Ml. hIS CIIlIQuc W8S 8ulICIQ8lc0 Dy Mcgc S 0cm8u0 lh8l lhc WDIK IlSc
JJ

DKF ODUCON
l8Kc lhc Q8Cc D lhc ]u0gmcul D l8Slc,

ycl Iu hIS DWu 8cSlhclICS lhc DD]cCl 0I0
uDl cXUIC8lc IlSc IDm lhc QcISQcClIVc~SlI m8lIc0 lDgclhcI WIlh l8SlcD Ihc
0cl8Chc0 SQcCl8lDI. l W8S Ihc SySlcD lh8l cu8Dc0 hIS lhDughl lD Dc IuIlu cVcu
WhcIc Il Icm8Iuc0 8l 8 lO gIc8l 8 0ISl8uCc IDm IlS DD]cClS. Mcgc M0 8ul WcIc
lhc 8Sl WhD, lD Qul Il Duuly, WcIc 8Dc lD WIIlc m8]DI 8cSlhclICS WIlhDul uu0cI-
Sl8u0Iug 8uylhIug 8DDul 8Il. h8l W8S QDSSIDc SD Dug 8S 8Il IlSc W8S DIIculc0 lD
cuCDDQ8SSIug uDImS lh8l WcIc uDl QucSlIDuc0 Iu Iu0IVI0u8 WDIKS 8u0 WcIc IQuI-
Dc0 Duy Iu lhc WDIK S IDm8ucul QIDDcm8lIC. Iuc, lhcIc h8S QIDD8Dy SC8ICcy
cVcI Dccu 8 WDIK lh8l W8S IDQDIl8ul Iu 8uy Icg8I0 lh8l 0I0 uDl, Dy VIIIuc D IlS DWu
DIm, mc0I8lc lhcSc uDImS 8u0 lhuS VIIlu8y lI8uSDIm lhcm. Xcl lhcSc uDImS
WcIc uDl SImQy IQuI08lc0, SDmclhIug D lhcm lDWcIc0 DVcI 8u0 8DDVc lhc Iu0I-
VI0u8 WDIKS. hc gIc8l QhIDSDQhIC8 8cSUclICS SlDD0 Iu CDuCDI08uCc WIlh Ml lD
lhc cXlcul lh8l lhcy CDuCcQIu8IZc0 Wh8l W8S cVI0cuIy uuIVcIS8 Iu Il, lhIS W8S Iu
8CCDI08uCc WIlh 8 Sl8gc Iu WhICh QhIDSDQhy 8u0 DlhcI DImS D SQIIIl, SuCh 8S 8Il,
h80 uDl ycl Dccu lDD 8Q8Il. cC8uSc lhc S8mc SQIIIl Iuc0 Iu QhIDSDQhy 8u0 8Il,
QhIDSDQhy W8S 8Dc lD Uc8l 8II Iu 8 SuDSl8ulI8 8ShIDu WIlhDul SuIIcu0cIIug IlSc
lD lhc WDIKS. LcII8Iuy 8IlWDIKS Icgu8Iy SuCCumDc0 lD lhc cDII~mDlIV8lc0
Dy lhc uDuI0culIly D 8Il WIlh IlS uuIVcIS8 0clcImIu8lIDuS~lD CDuCcIVc Ihcm Iu
lhcII SQcCIDCIly. hIS IcSulc0 Iu SQcCu8lIVc I0c8ISm S mDSl Q8Iuuy mISl8Kcu
]u0gDculS. Ml, WhD W8S uDl Qc0gc0 lD QIDVc Ih8l 8 QDSlcIIDII W8S lhc 8QIIDII,
W8S QIcCIScy DI lhIS Ic8SDu cSS 8IDc. DQIISDuc0 Dy cIghlcculh-CculuIy 8Il,`
WhICh hc WDu0 uDl h8Vc hcSIl8lc0 lD C8 QIcCIIlIC8lh8l IS, QIcCc0Iug lhc H
cm8uCIQ8lIDu D lhc SuD]cCl ~hc 0I0 uDl CDmQIDmISc hImSc lD lhc S8mc cXlcul
8S Mcgc Dy 8II-8Icu 8SSctlIDuS. Mc cVcu 8CCDI0c0 mDIc SQ8Cc lD 8RI t80IC8
mD0cD QDSSIDIIlIcS lh8u 0I0 Mcgc," WhD CDuDulc0 8Il SD muCh mDIc CDuI8-
gcDuSy. PcI lhcm C8Dc lhc ScuSIlIVc CDuuDISScuIS, WhD DCCuQIc0 lhc mc0IDCIc
D100c gIDuu0 DclWccu Uc lhIug-IlSc 8S QDSlu8lc0 Dy Mcgc 8u0 lhc CDuCcQl.
hcy CDmDIuc0 8 CuIu8Iy Ic8lIDu lD 8Il WIlh M IuC8Q8CIly DI QhIDSDQhIC8 CDu-
SlIuClIDu. LcDIg bImmc W8S IyQIC8 D SuCh ScuSIlIVIly, 0cSQIlc hIS 0cCISIVc
QIc0IcClIDu DI lhc 8cSlhclIC8y Iu0IVI0u8. hc IIghl mc0Ium DI uu0cISl8u0Iug
8Il IS cIlhcI lhc uuW8VcIIug 8SCclICISD D CDuCcQlu8IZ8lIDu, 0Dggc0y IcHSIug lD
8DW IlSc lD Dc IIIIl8lc0 Dy 8ClS, DI lhc uuCDuSCIDuS CDuSCIDuSucSS Iu lhc mI0Sl
D lhc WDIK IlSc, 8II IS ucVcI uu0cISlDD0 Dy Ihc 8QQIcCI8lIVc, Suugy cmQ8lhclIC
SQcCl8lDI, lhc C8QIICIDuSucSS D SuCh 8u 8IlIlu0c IS IDm lhc DcgIuuIug Iu0IcIcul
lD Wh8l IS cSSculI8 lD WDIKS, IhcII DIu0Iug DICc. PcSlhcIICS W8S QID0uClIVc Duy
SD Dug 8S Il uu0IDIuIShc0y IcSQcClc0 lhc 0ISlMCc IDD lhc cmQIIIC8 8u0 WIlh
WIu0DWcSS IhDughlS QcucII8lc0 IulD lhc CDulcul D IlS DlhcI, DI Whcu, WIIh 8
CDScucSS DDI0cIIug Du cmDD0Imcul, Il ]u0gc0 lhc WDIK Dm WIlhIu, SDmc-
lImcS DCCuIS Iu lhc SC8llcIc0 Icm8IKS D Iu0IVI0u8 8IIISlS, WhICh 8Ic ImQDII8ul uDl
8S lhc cXQIcSSIDu D 8 QcISDu8Ily lh8l IS h8I0y 8uIhDIIl8lIVc WIlh Icg8I0 lD lhc
WDIK, Dul DcC8uSc Dlcu, WIlhDul IcCuDIug lD lhc SuD]cCl, lhcy 0DCumcul SDDc-
lhIug D lhc cXQIIculI8 DICc D lhc WDIK. hcSc IcQDIIS 8Ic Dlcu CDuSlI8Iuc0 Dy
OKAl3 NJKOO\LJON ' JJ5
lhc B81Vclc lh8l SDCIclj IBSISlS DB DB0IBg IB 8Il. PIlISlS cIlhcI SluDDDDj IcSISl 8cS-
lhclICS WIlh 8IlIS8B8 I8BCDI, DI lhc 8BlI0Icll8BlcS 0cVISc 0Icll8BlIC lhcDIIcS lh8l
m8Xc 0D. lhcII CDmmcBlS 8Ic lD CDBVcj 8BjlhIBg lD 8cSlhclICS, lhcj IcQuIIc IB-
lcIQIcl8lIDB. PIlIS8B8 IBSUuClIDB lh8l W8BlS QDcmIC8j lD uSuIQ lhc QDSIlIDB D
8cSlhclICS ulIm8lcj 0cVcDQS IBlD QDSIlIVISm, cVcB WhcB Il IBCu0cS SjmQ8lhj
WIlh mcl8QhjSICS. P0VICc DB hDW DcSl lD CDmQDSc 8 IDB0D IS uSccSS 8S SDDB 8S
lhcIc Ic8SDBSD WhICh 8IlIS8B8 IBSUuClIDB IS IgBDI8BlWhj IDB0DS C8B
BD DBgcI Dc WIIllcB. 1lS gcBcI8 IucS 8Ic IB Bcc0 D QhIDSDQhIC8 0cVcDQmcBl I
lhcj 8Ic lD Dc mDIc lh8B 8 0cCDClIDB D CDBVcBlIDBS. hcB lhcj D8X 8l lhIS U8BSI-
lIDB, lhcj 8mDSl IBcVIl8Dj SccX SuCCDI IB 8 muIXj cl8BSCh8uuBg. PlcI lhc
0cmISc D I0c8ISlIC SjSlcmS, lhc 0IDCulj D 8B 8cSlhclICS lh8l WDu0 Dc mDIc
lh8B 8 0cSQcI8lcj Ic8BIm8lc0 DI8BCh D QhIDSDQhj IS lh8l D DIIBgIBg lhc 8IIISlS
CDScBcSS lD lhc QhcBDmcB8 IBlD CDB]uBCIIDB WIlh 8 CDBCcQlu8 C8Q8CIlj Icc D
8Bj SuDDI0IB8lIBg CDBCcQl, Icc D 8 0cCIcc0 ]u0gmcBlS, CDmmIllc0 lD lhc mc-
0Ium D CDBCcQlS, SuCh 8B 8cSlhclICS WDu0 gD DcjDB0 8 mcIc QhcBDmcBDDgj D
8IIWDIXS. LB lhc DlhcI h8B0, lhc cDIl, uB0cI lhc QIcSSuIc D lhc BDmIB8ISlIC SIl-
u8lIDB, lD m8Xc 8 U8BSIlIDB lD Wh8l h8S DccB C8c0 8B cmQIIIC8 8cSlhclICS, IS IB
V8IB. , DI cX8mQc, IB CDmQI8BCc WIlh lhc QIcSCIIQl D SuCh SCIcBlIZ8lIDB, DBc
W8Blc0 lD Ic8Ch gcBcI8 8cSlhclIC BDImS Dj 8DSU8ClIBg HDm cmQIIIC8 0cSCIIQ-
lIDBS 8B0 C8SSIjIBg lhcm, lhc IcSulS WDu0 Dc IBCDmQ8I8Dj mc8gcI WhcB CDm-
Q8Ic0 WIlh lhc SuDSl8BlIVc 0 IBCISIVc C8lcgDIIcS D Uc SQcCu8lIVc SjSlcmS. PQ-
QIc0 lD CuIIcBl 8IIISlIC QI8CIICc, SuCh 0ISlI8lcS WDu0 Dc BD mDIc 8QQIDQII8lc
lh8B 8IIISlIC I0c8S cVcI WcIc. P 8cSlhclIC QucSlIDBS lcImIB8lc Iu lhDSc D lhc
Uulh CDBlcBl D 8HWDIXS. S lhc SQIIIl lh8l 8 WDIX DD]cClIVcj Dc8IS IB IlS SQcCIDC
DIm UucT DI cmQIIICISm lhIS IS, 8S SuQcISlIlIDB, 8B8lhcm8. DI Il, 8IIWDIXS 8Ic
DuB0cS D IB0clcImIB8lc SlImuI. h8l lhcj 8Ic IB lhcmScVcS IS DcjDB0 ]u0g-
mcBl, 8Bj C8Im lD XuDW IS 8 QID]cClIDB. LBj SuD]cClIVc Ic8ClIDBS lD 8IIWDIXS C8B
Dc DDScIVc0, mc8SuIc0, 8B0 gcBcI8IZc0. PS 8 IcSul, lhc 8Clu8 DD]cCl D 8cSlhclICS
cSC8QS Slu0j. l IS IcQ8Cc0 Dj Wh8l IS 8l DDllDm 8 QIc8cSlhclIC SQhcIc lh8l h8S
QIDVc0 lD Dc SDCI8j U8l D lhc CuluIc IB0uSlIj. Mcgc S 8ChIcVcmcBl IS BDl CIIlI-
CIZc0 IB lhc B8mc D 8 QuIQDIIc0j gIc8lcI SCIcBlIDC 8CumcB Dul IS IBSlc80 DIgDl-
lcB IB 8VDI D Vug8I 808Ql8lIDB. h8l cmQIIICISm IcCDIS HDm 8DD WhICh IB
gcBcI8 Il h8S h8I0j cVcI l8XcB BDlICc (WIlh lhc cXCcQlIDB D Ihc uBIQuc 8B0 lIuj
Icc 1DhB LcWcj) DlhcI lh8B IBSDM 8S Il 8lUIDulcS 8 XBDWc0gc lh8l 0DcS BDl
8gIcc WIlh IlS IucS D lhc g8mc lD Dc QDclIj C8B Dc cXQ8IBc0 Dj lhc 8Cl lh8l 8II
CDBSlIlulIVcj 0ISmISScS lhcSc IucS D lhc g8mc, DcC8uSc 8Il IS 8B cBlIlj lh8l IS BDl
I0cBlIC8 WIlh IlS cmQIII8. h8l IS cSScBlI8 lD 8II IS lh8l WhICh IB Il IS BDl lhc C8Sc,'
lh8l WhICh IS IBCDmmcBSuI8Dc WIlh lhc cmQIIIC8 mc8SuIc D 8 lhIBgS. hc CDm-
QuSIDB lD 8cSlhclICS IS Ihc Bcc0 lD mmlhIS cmQI1IC8 IBCDmmcBSuI8DIIlj.
hc DD]cClIVc 0IDCulIcS IB lhIS 8Ic CDmQDuB0c0 8uD]cClIVcj Dj DID80 IcSISl8BCc.
DI mDSl QcDQc, 8cSlhclICS IS SuQcIDuDuS. l 0ISluIDS lhc WccXcB0 Qc8SuIcS lD
WhICh 8D h8S DccB CDBSIgBc0 8S lhc CDmQcmcBllD DDuIgcDIS IDulIBc. 1B SQIlc D
JJ6 . DKAl INTKODUCTlON
8I-Ic8ChIu_ 8IcuucSS lD 8Il, lhIS SuD]cClIVc IcSISl8uCc hcQS _IVc cXQIcSSIDu lD
SDmclhIu_ CDScj 8Ic0 lD 8Il. DI 8Il 8IcS IlSc WIlh IcQIcSSc0 8u0 0DmIu8lc0
u8luIc Iu lhc QID_IcSSIVcj I8lIDu8IZc0 8u0 Iulc_I8lc0 SDCIclj. Xcl Iu0uSlIj m8cS
cVcu lhIS IcSISl8uCc 8u IuSlIlulIDu 8u0 Ch8u_cS Il IulD CDIu. l CulIV8lcS 8Il 8S 8
u8luI8 IcScIVc DI III8lIDu8ISm, IDm WhICh lhDu_hl IS lD Dc cXCu0c0. 1l lhcIcDj
8IcS IlSc WIlh lhc Q8lIlu0c~8 DDW0cIIZc0 lhcDIcm D 8cSlhclICS~lh8l 8Il
muSl Dc 8 0IIcCl DD]cCl D Qc8SuIc, WhcIc8S IuSlc80 8Il 8l cVcIj QDIul Q8IlICIQ8lcS
Iu CDuCcQlS. hIS uu08mcul8j CDuuScS lhc cVcI QIDDcm8lIC QIIm8Cj D Iulu-
IlIDu Iu 8Il WIlh lhc cu]DIu0cI lh8l 8Il uDl Dc lhDu_hl 8DDul DcC8uSc SuCCcSSH
8IlISlS lhcmScVcS SuQQDSc0j ucVcI 0I0 SD. hc IcSul D lhIS mcul8Ilj IS 8
DD8lc0 CDuCcQl D u81Vcl. u lhc 0Dm8Iu D QuIc ccIu_~lhc QhI8Sc 8QQc8IS Iu
lhc lIlc D lhc 8cSlhclICS D 8 QIccmIucul ucD-8ulI8u

8 l8DDD IS Q8Cc0 Du 8uj-

lhIu_ 8KIu lD D_IC8Ilj, Iu SQIlc D lhc ccmculS D SUIu_cuCj m lhc 8IlWDIX, WhDSc
Ic8lIDu lD cXlI8-8cSlhclIC D_IC 8u0 C8uS8Ilj CDu0 Dc cuCI08lc0 Duj Dj QhID
SDQhIC8 8cSlhclICS. ccIu_ lhuS DcCDmcS IlS DWu DQQDSIlc. l IS IcIDc0. PIl IS
8Clu8j lhc WDI0 DuCc DVcI, 8 IXc Il 8S Il IS uuIXc Il. u lhc m8u8_c0 WDI0 D
lhc CuluIc Iu0uSlIj, 8cSlhclIC u81Vcl h8S Ch8u_c0 IlS uClIDu. h8l DuCc W8S
QI8ISc0 D 8IlWDIXS, Whcu lhcj WcIc QDISc0 Du lhc Qc0cSl8 D lhcII C8SSIC8Ilj, 8S
lhcII 8DI0Iu_ gu8Ilj lh8l D uDDc SImQICIlj ~h8S DcCDmc 8u cXQDIl8Dc mc8uS
DI 8lU8ClIu_ CuSlDmcIS. hc CDuSumcIS, WhDSc u81Vcl IS CDuDImc0 8u0 0IIc0
IulD lhcm, 8Ic lD Dc 0ISSu80c0 IDm culcIl8IuIu_ SluQI0 I0c8S 8DDul Wh8l h8S Dccu
Q8CXc0 IulD lhc QIS lhcj 8Ic DDI_c0 lD SW8DW 0DWu. hc SImQICIlj D lImcS
Q8Sl IS lI8uS8lc0 IulD lhc SluQI0Ilj D lhc CuluIc CDuSumcI WhD, _I8lcuj 8u0
WIlh 8 mcl8QhjSIC8!j Cc8I CDuSCIcuCc, ujS uQ lhc Iu0uSlIjS lI8Sh, WhICh IS Iu
8uj C8Sc IucSC8Q8Dc. PS SDDu 8S u81Ncl IS l8Xcu uQ 8S 8 QDIul D VIcW, Il uD
Du_cI cXISlS. P _cuuIuc Ic8lIDu DclWccu 8Il 8u0 CDuSCIDuSucSS S cXQIIcuCc D Il
WDu0 CDuSISl Iu c0uC8lIDu, WhICh SChDDS DQQDSIUDu lD 8Il 8S 8 CDuSumcI QID0uCl
8S muCh 8S Il 8DWS lhc IcCIQIcul 8 SuDSlmlI8 I0c8 D Wh8l 8u 8IlWDIX IS. P
lD08j, cVcu 8mDu_ lhDSc WhD QID0uCc Il, IS M_cj Cul D IDm SuCh c0uC8lIDu.
hc QIICc 8Il Q8jS DI lhIS IS lhc QcIm8ucul lcmQl8lIDu D lhc SuD8IlISlIC, cVcu Iu
lhc I8u_c D lhc mDSl IcDuc0 lcChuIgucS. hc u81Vcl D MlISlS h8S 0c_cucI8lc0
IulD u81Vc QI8uCj VIS--VIS lhc CuluIc Iu0uSlIj. 81Vcl W8S ucVcI lhc u8luI8
cSScuCc D lhc 8IlISl Dul I8lhcI lhc Sc-cVI0cuCc WIlh WhICh hc CDu0uClc0 hImSc
Iu 8u ImQDSc0 SDCI8 SIlu8lIDu, U8l IS, Il W8S 8u 8SQcCl D CDuDImISm. hc uu-
gu8IDc0 8CCcQl8uCc D SDCI8 DImS W8S lhc Ic8 CIIlcIIDu D 8HISlIC u81Vcl. hc
]uSlIDC8lIDu D u81Vcl IS DDuu0 UQ WIlh lhc cXlcul lD WhICh lhc SuD]cCl 8SSculS
lD DI IcSISlS lhcSc DImS, lhc cXlcul lD WhICh lhcSc DImS C8u SlI 8j C8Im lD
Sc-cVI0cuCc. tVcI SIuCc lhc SuI8Cc D Ic, lhc Immc0I8Cj Il m8XcS 8V8I8Dc lD
QDQc, h8S DcCDmc I0cDD_j, u81Vcl h8S IcVcISc0 IulD IlS DWu DQQDSIlc, Il h8S Dc-
CDmc lhc IcDcX D IcIDc0 CDuSCIDuSucSS lD 8 IcIDc0 WDI0. PIlISlIC QID0uClIDu lh8l
IcuScS lD IcIuguISh lhc ImQuSc 8_8IuSl lhc DSSIDC8lIDu D Ic 8u0 IS lhuS lIuj
u81Vc, DcCDmcS Wh8l 8CCDI0Iu_ lD lhc _8mc IucS D CDuVculIDu8 SDCIclj IS Uc
OKAl N1KOOUL1ON ' JJ7
DQQDSIlc D u81Vcl, 80mIllc0j, Il h8S SlDIc0 uQ Iu Il 8S muCh u81Vcl 8S lhc CDm-
QDIlmcul D 8Il h8S D uDuCDmQI8uCc WIlh lhc Ic8Ilj QIIuCIQc, SDmclhIu_ D lhc
ChI0ISh m0 8CCDI0Iu_ lD SDCI8 uDImS lhc Iu8ulIc. l IS lhc DQQDSIlc D cSl8D-
IShc0 umVcl, 8u0 Il IS CDu0cmuc0. Mc_c , 8u0 cVcu mDIc QcISQIC8CIDuSj, 8I
LuSl8V JDChm8uu,' XucW lhIS. 3cl lhcj WcIc CDmQcc0 lD uu0cISl8u0 Il Iu lhc
CDulcXl D lhcII C8SSICISm 8u0 SD 8lUIDulc0 lhc cu0 D 8Il lD Il. PIlS umVc 8u0 Ic-
HcXIVc ccmculS h8Vc, Iu lIulh, 8W8jS Dccu muCh mDIc IulcH8 lD c8Ch DlhcI lh8u
lhc Du_Iu_ lh8l 8IDSc 0uIIu_ lhc IISc D Iu0uSlII8 C8QIl8ISm W8ulc0 lD IcCD_uIZc.
hc hISlDIj D 8Il SIuCc Mc_c h8S ShDWu uQ Wh8l W8S mISl8Xcu Iu hIS QIcm8luIc
cSCh8lDD_j D 8Il. lS mISl8Xc W8S lh8l Il QcIQclu8lc0 lhc CDuVculIDu8 I0c8 D
umVcl. tVcu NDZ8Il, WhD Q8jc0 lhc IDc D lhc 0IVIucj _Ilc0, C8QcIIu_ QID0I_j
Iu lhc DDuI_cDIS hDuSchD0, W8S~8S cVcIj Q8_c D hIS CDIIcSQDu0cuCc WIlh hIS
8lhcI 0DCumculS~IuCDmQ8I8Dj mDIc IcHcXIVc lh8u lhc QDQu8I QIDDc D hIm
clS Du, IcDcXIVc, hDWcVcI, uDl Iu lhc ScuSc D 8 Iccj hDVcIIu_ 8DSlI8Cl Iulc-
I_cuCc Dul Iu lhc CDmQDSIlIDu8 m8lcII8 IlSc. JuSl hDW muCh Uc WDIX D
8uDlhcI hDuSchD0 0IVIuIlj D QuIc IuluIlIDu~8Qh8c~h8S IcDcClIDu 8S IlS DD-
]cClIVc CDu0IlIDu IS cVI0cul Iu lhc _cDmclIIC8 DI_8uIZ8lIDu D hIS Q8IulIu_S. P
WIlhDul IcHcClIDu IS lhc IcUDSQcClIVc 8ul8Sj D 8 IcDcXIVc 8_c. hcDIclIC8 CDu-
SI0cI8\IDuS 8u0 SCIcuUDC Du0Iu_S h8Vc 8l 8 lImcS Dccu 8m8_8m8lc0 WIU 8Il,
Dlcu 8 IlS DcWclhcI, 8u0 lhc mDSl ImQDIl8ul 8IlISlS WcIc uDl lhDSc WhD hcSI-
l8lc0. c-XuDWu IuSl8uCcS D lhIS 8Ic IcID 0c8 I8uCcSC8S 0ISCDVcIj D 8cII8
QcISQcClIVc 8u0 lhc 8cSlhclIC SQcCu8lIDuS D lhc DIculIuc L8mcI8l8, Iu WhICh
DQcI8 DII_Iu8lc0. hc 8llcI IS Q8I80I_m8lIC D 8 DIm lh8l, DuCc Il h80 DcCDmc lhc
08IIu_ D lhc QuDIC, W8S CD8Xc0 8HcI lhc 8Cl WIlh lhc 8uI8 DumVcl, WhcIc8S Il
DII_Iu8lc0 Iu lhcDIj, IlcI8j Iu 8u IuVculIDu. bImI8Ij, Il W8S Duj lhc IuUD0uC-
lIDu D cgu8 lcmQcI8mcul Iu lhc ScVculcculh CculuIj lh8l QcImIllc0 mD0u8lIDu
lhIDu_h lhc CIICc D DlhS 8u0, WIlh Il, 8Ch, WhD _I8lc!uj 8CXuDWc0_c0 lhIS
Iu lhc lIlc D hIS _Ic8l XcjDD8I0 CDmQDSIlIDu. tVcu Iu lhc uIuclcculh CculuIj, Im-
QIcSSIDuISl lcChuIguc Iu Q8IulIu_ W8S D8Sc0 Du lhc II_hlj DI WIDu_j IulcQIclc0
SCIculIDC 8u8jSIS D IclIu8 QIDCcSScS. L CDuISc lhc lhcDIclIC8 8u0 IcDcXIVc cc-
mculS Iu 8Il Sc0Dm Wcul uulI8uSDImc0. Pl lImcS, 8Il mISuu0cISlDD0 lhc SCIcuCcS
lD WhICh Il 8QQc8c0, 8 IS QcIh8QS lhc C8Sc mDSl IcCculj WIlh ccCUDuIC muSIC.
3cl lhc QIDUuClIVc ImQuSc W8S Illc h8Imc0 Dj lhc I8lIDu8Ilj lh8l W8S DIDu_hl lD
Dc8I Du Il. hc QhjSIDD_IC8 lhcDIcmS D lhc ImQIcSSIDuISlS WcIc QIDD8Dj DIS
DI lhc Iu Q8Il 8SCIu8lc0, Iu Q8Il SDCI8j CIIlIC8 cXQcIIcuCcS D lhc mcUDQDIS 8u0
lhc 0ju8mIC D lhcII Q8IulIu_S. j mc8uS D lhc 0ISCDVcIj D 8 0ju8mIC Imm8ucul
lD lhc IcIDc0 WDI0, lhcj W8ulc0 lD IcSISl IcIDC8lIDu, WhICh W8S mDSl Q8Q8Dc Iu
mclIDQDIl8u Ic. u lhc uIuclcculh CculuIj, u8luI8 SCIculIDC cXQ8u8lIDuS HuC-
lIDuc0 8S lhc Sc-uuCDuSCIDuS 8_cul D 8Il. hc D8SIS D lhIS 8DuIlj DclWccu 8Il
8u0 SCIcuCc W8S lh8l lhc rutic lD WhICh lhc mDSl QID_IcSSIVc 8Il D lhc cQDCh Ic
8Clc0 W8S uDuc DlhcI lh8u lhc ruticD lhc u8luI8 SCIcuCcS. hcIc8S Iu lhc hISlDIj
D 8Il, SCIculIDC lhcDIIcS lcu0 lD WIlhcI 8W8j, WIlhDul lhcm 8IlISlIC QI8ClICcS WDu0
33

DK lNTKODUCTlON
uD mDIc h8Vc 0cV6lDQc0 Ih8u, IuVcISclj, lhcSc lhcDIcmS C8u 80cQu8lclj cXQl8Iu
SuCh QI8ClICcS. hIS h8S CDuScQucuCcS DI IcCcQlIDu. 1l IS Iu80cQu8lc I Il IS lcSS Ic-
DcXIVc lh8u lhc DD]cCl Il IcCcIVcS. Dl KuDWIu_ Wh8l Duc SccS DI hc8IS DcSlDWS uD
QIIVIlc_c0 0IIcCl Icl8lIDu lD WDIKS Dul IuSlc80 m8KcS lhcII QcICcQlIDu ImQDSSIDlc.
LDuSCIDuSucSS IS uDl 8 l8jcI Iu 8 hIcI8IChj DuIll DVcI QcICcQlIDu, I8lhcI, 8ll clc-
mculS D 8cSlhclIC cXQcIIcuCc 8Ic IcCIQIDC8l. D IlWDIK CDuSISlS Iu lhc SuQcI-
ImQDSIlIDu D l8jcIS, lh8l IS cXCluSIVclj lhc IcSull D lhc C8lCulul8lIDu D lhc Cul-
luIc Iu0uSlIj, lh8l IS, 8 IcSull D IcIDc0 CDuSCIDuSucSS. 1l C8u, DI IuSl8uCc, Dc uDlc0
Iu cXlcu0c0, CDmQlcX muSIC lh8l lhcIc IS 8 CDuSl8ullj V8Iu_ lhIcShDl0 DclWccu
Wh8l IS QIImMIlj QcICcIVc0 8u0 Wh8l IS 0clcOIuc0 Dj lhc IcDcXIVc QcICcQlIDu D
CDuSCIDuSucSS. hc uu0cISl8u0Iu_ D lhc mc8uIu_ D 8 DcclIu_ muSIC8l Q8SS8_c
DIcu 0cQcu0S Du lhc IulcllcClIVc CDmQIchcuSIDu D IlS uuClIDu Iu 8 WhDlc lh8l IS
uDl QIcScul, lhc QuIQDIlc0lj Immc0I8lc cXQcIIcuCc IlScl 0cQcu0S Du Wh8l _DcS
DcjDu0 QuIc IHmc0I8Cj. hc I0c8l QcICcQlIDu D 8IlWDIKS WDul0 Dc lh8l Iu WhICh
Wh8l IS mc0I8lc0 DcCDmcS Immc0I8lc, u8Vcl0 IS lhc _D8!, uDl lhc DII_Iu.
Xcl Uc H8__Iu_ IulcIcSl Iu 8cSlhclICS IS uDl Dulj QIc0IC8lc0 Du 8cSlhclICS 8S 8 0IS-
CIQlIuc Dul cQu8llj, 8u0 Iu0cc0 mDIc SD, Du IlS DD]cCl. uSD8I 8S 8cSlhclICS CDu-
CcDS IlScl QIIm8IIlj WIlh lhc hDW I8lhcI lh8u WIlh lhc 8Cl D Il, Il SccmS SIlcullj
lD ImQlj lhc QDSSIDIlIlj D Ml. hIS QDSIlIDu h8S DcCDmc uuCcIl8Iu. PcSlhclICS C8u
uD lDu_cI lmc Uc 8Cl D M DI _I8ulc0 Iu lhc W8j lh8l b8ul S lhcDIj D KuDWl-
c0_c QIcSuQQDSc0 lhc m8lhcm8lIC8l u8luI8l SCIcuCcS. PllhDu_h II80IlIDu8l lhcDIj
W8S Iu uD W8j cuCumDcIc0 Dj SuCh CDuCcDS, 8cSlhclIC lhcDIj C8uuDl cSC8Qc lhc
Ic8lIlj U8l 8Il Ih8l hDl0S 8Sl lD IlS CDuCcQl 8u0 IcHScS CDuSumQlIDu DcCDmcS 8ulI
l, 8u0 lh8l I S 0ISlIcSS WIlh IlScl DllDWIu_ lhc Ic8 C8l8SuDQhcS 8u0 8Cc0 WIlh
lhc CDmIu_ DucS Sl8u0S Iu mDI8l 0ISQIDQDIlIDu lD IlS CDulIuuc0 cXISlcuCc. Pl IlS
Mc_clI8u 2cuIlh, QhIlDSDQhIC8l 8cSlhclICS QID_uDSlIC8lc0 lhc cu0 D 8Il. PllhDu_h
8cSlhclICS l8lcI DI_Dl lhIS, Il ScuScS Il 8l lhc mDIc 0ccQlj. LVcu I 8II Icm8Iuc0
Wh8l Il DuCc W8S 8u0 C8u uD lDu_cI Icm8Iu, Il WDul0 DcCDmc SDmclhIu_ WhDllj 0I-
cIcul Iu lhc SDCIclj lh8l IS cmcI_Iu_ D0 Dj VIIluc D IlS Ch8u_c0 uuClIDu Iu lh8l
SDCIclj. PIlISlIC CDuSCIDuSucSS II_hUj mISUuSlS IcDcClIDu lh8l Dj IlS VcIj lDQIC 8u0
Dj lhc Sljlc cXQcClc0 D Il 0ISQDIlS IlScl 8S I 8 DIm Duu08lIDu cXISlc0, WhcIc8S Il
IS Ic0DSQcClIVclj 0uDIDuS lh8l 8uj SuCh SDlI0 Duu08lIDu cVcI cXISlc0, Il W8S 8u0
W8S uDl 8lIc80j lh8l I0cDlD_j IulD WhICh lhc CDulcmQDI8Ij CulluI8l DuSllc, 8lDu_
WIU IlS 8II 0cQ8IImcul, IS Clc8Jlj DcIu_ U8uSDImc0. hc QucSlIDu D lhc QDSSIDIlIIj
D 8H IS SD IclcV8ul lh8l Il h8S l8Kcu 8 DIm U8l mDCKS IlS Qul8lIVclj mDIc I80IC8l
DImul8lIDu D WhclhcI 8u0 hDW 8Il IS cVcu QDSSIDlc 8l 8ll. hc QucSlIDu h8S IuSlc80
DcCDmc lh8l D lhc CDuCIclc QDSSIDIlIIj D 8Il lD08j. hc uuc8SIucSS WIlh 8H IS uDl
Dulj lh8l D 8 Sl8_u8lIu_ SOI8l CDuSCIDuSucSS VIS-8-VIS lhc mD0cH. Pl cVcIj QDIul
lhIS uuc8SIucSS cXlcu0S lD Wh8l IS cSSculI8l lD 8Il, lD IlS mDSl 80V8uCc0 WDIKS. PIl,
DI IlS Q8II, SccKS Icu_c Iu IlS DWu uc_8lIDu, hDQIu_ lD SuIVIVc lhIDu_h IlS 0c8lh.
huS CDulcmQDI8Ij Uc8lcI luS 8_8IuSl lhc Sl8luS D DcIu_ 8 Ql8jlhIu_, 8 QccQ-
ShDW WIlh _lIllcI, 8_8IuSl ImIl8lIu_ lhc WDIlC cVcu WIlh SclS SlIdu_ WIlh D8IDc0
UKA lN1KOU\L1lON ' JJ
WIIc. hc QuIc mImclIC ImQulSclhc h8QQIucSS O QIO0uCIu_ Ihc WOIl0 OuCc
OVcIWhICh 8uIm8lcS 8Il 8u0 h8S SlOO0 Iu 8_c-Ol0 lcuSIOu WIlh IlS 8ulImylhO-
lO_IC8l, culI_hlcuIu_ COmQOucul, h8S DcCOmc uuDc8I8Dlc uu0cI lhc SySlcm O lOl8l
uuClIOu8l I8lIOu8lIly. P 8u0 h8QQIucSS DOlh MOuSc lhc SuSQICIOu O Iu8ulIlISm,
8llhOu_h lhc XIcly Ih8l SuCh Iu8ulIlISm IuSQIIcS IS IlScl Ic_IcSSIOu, lhc mISCOu-
SIIu8l O lhc I8ISOu 0clIc O 8ll I8lIOu8lIly, OI lhc mOVcmcul O lhc QIIuCIQlc O
Scl-QIcScIV8lIOu, lO lhc cXlcul lh8l Il IS uOl clIShIZc0, lc80S Dy IlS OWu OICc lO lhc
0cSI0cI8lum O h8QQIucSS, uOlhIu_ SlIOu_cI SQc8KS OI 8Il. u lhc COulcmQOI8Iy
uOVcl Uc ImQulScS 8_8IuSl lhc DClIOu O lhc COuSl8ul QIcScuCc O lhc u8II8lOI Q8I-
lICIQ8lc Iu 8Il S Scl-0IS_uSl. hIS h8S Iu l8I_c mc8SuIc 0cDuc0 lhc hISlOIy Ou8II8-
lIOu SIuCc IOuSl, lhOu_h lhc _cuIc h8S Dccu uu8Dlc lO Sh8Kc O COmQlclcly Ihc
IuDIIC DClIOu, WhICh Sl8u0S 8l Ihc hc80 O lhc DcSlScllcI lISlS, hOWcVcI muCh
8cSlhclIC ScmDl8uCc h8S DcCOmc SOCI8l 8u8lhcm8. NuSIC SlIu__lcS lO Hcc IlScl O
lhc clcmcul Dy WhICh cu]8mIu, SOmcWh8l OVcI_cucIOuSly, 0cDuc0 8ll Ml QIIOI lO
Ihc 8_c O IlS lcChuIC8l IcQIO0uCIDIlIly. 8uI8, lhc SOICcIy lh8l cm8u8lcS IOm
muSIC, cVcu I Il WcIc 8ulImuSIC, WhcucVcI Il COmmcuCcS lO SOuu0. 3cl 8II 0OcS
uOl l8DOI Ou U8IlS O lhIS SOIl 8S Il 0OcS Ou COIIcCl8Dlc IcSI0ucS O IlS Q8Sl, OI lhcSc
II8IlS Sccm IucXlIIC8Dly _HWu lO_clhcI WIlh 8Il S OWu COuCcQl. hc mOIc, hOW-
cVcI, 8Il IlSclIu OI0cI uOl lO D8IlcI 8W8y ScmDl8uCc OI lIcSIS 0IIVcu lO IcHcCl
Ou IlS OWu QIcSuQQOSIIIOuS 8u0 Whcu QOSSIDlc lO 8DSOID IulO IlS OWu OIm SuCh
IcHcClIOu 8S I Il WcIc 8 COuulcIQOISOu, lhc mOIc SKcQlIC8l Il DcCDmcS lOW8I0 lhc
QIcSumQlIOu O h8VIu_ Scl-COuSCIOuSucSS ImQOSc0 Ou Il cXlcD8lly. PcSlhclICS IS
COmQcllc0 lO 0I8_ IlS COuCcQlS hclQlcSSly DchIu0 8 SIlu8lIOu O 8Il Iu WhICh 8Il, Iu-
0IcIcul lO Wh8l DcCOmcS O Il, SccKS lO uu0cImIuc lhOSc COuCcQlS WIlhOul WhICh
Il C8u h8I0ly Dc COuCcIVc0. DO IhcOIy, 8cSlhclIC lhcOIy IuClu0c0, C8u 0ISQcuSc
WIlh lhc clcmcul O uuIVcIS8lIly. hIS lcmQlS 8cSlhclICS lO l8Kc Ihc SI0c O IuV8II-
8ulS O QIcCISclj lhc SOIl lh8l cmQh8lIC mO0cD 8Il muSl 8ll8CK. hc m8uI8 O Cul-
luI8l Slu0IcS OI Ic0uCIu_ lhc ucW lO lhc cVcI-S8mc, 8S OI cX8mQlc Ihc Cl8Im lh8l
SuIIc8lISm IS 8 OIm O m8uucIISm, lhc l8CK O 8uy ScuSc OI lhc hISlOIIC8l SIlu8-
IIOu O MlISlIC QhcuOmcu8 8S lhc Iu0cX O IhcII Uulh, COHcSQOu0S lO Uc lcu0cuCy
O QhIlOSOQhIC8l 8cSIhclICS lOW8I0 lhOSc 8DSlI8Cl IulcS Iu WhICh uOUIu_ IS IuVm-
8ul OlhcI lh0u lh8l lhcy 8Ic cVcI 8u0 8_8Iu _IVcu lhc lIc Dy SQIIIl 8S Il l8KcS Sh8Qc.
h8l SclS IlScl uQ 8S 8u clcD8l 8cSIhcIIC uOIm IS SOmclhIu_ lh8l 0cVclOQc0 8u0
IS U8uSIcul, lhc Cl8Im lO ImQcIISh8DIlIly h8S DcCOmc ODSOlclc. tVcu 8 uuIVcISIly-
CcIlIDc0 SChOOlm8SlcI WOul0 hcSIl8lc lO 8QQly lO QIOSc SuCh 8S 8K8 S Metumcr-
phcsisOI 1heFenulCclcny,Iu WhICh lhc ScCuIc 8cSlhclIC 0ISl8uCc lO lhc OD]cCl IS
ShOCKIu_ly uu0cImIuc0, 8 S8uClIOuc0 CIIlcIIOu SuCh 8S lh8l O 0ISIulcIcSlc0 S8lIS
8ClIOu, 8uyOuc WhO h8S cXQcIIcuCc0 Ihc _Ic8lucSS O 88S WIIlIu_ muSl ScuSc
hOW 8WKW8I0ly Iu8QQlIC8Dlc lO Il 8uy l8lK O 8Il IS. hc SIlu8lIOu IS uO 0IcIcul
Iu lhc C8Sc O 8 QIIOII _cuIcS SuCh 8S lhc U8_IC OI COmIC Iu COulcmQOI8Iy 0I8m8,
hOWcVcI muCh COuIcmQOI8Iy WOIKS m8y Dc m0IDlc0 Dy Ihcm Iu lhc W8y lh8l lhc
cuOImOuS 8Q8Ilmcul DuIl0Iu_ Iu 8K8 S QM8Dc IS m8IDlc0 WIlh mc0IcV8l IuIuS.
J4 c DKA! lNTKODUCTlON
PlhDu_h cCXcllS Q8jS C8B BD DB_cI Dc l8XcB DI lI8_IC DI CDmIC, lhcj 8Ic BDl
lhcIcDIc, 8S WDu0 SuIl 8C80cmIC 8cSlhclICS, hjDII0S DB lhc DI0cI D lI8_ICDmc0j.
LB lhc CDBlI8Ij, cCXcllS Q8jS Q8SS hISlDIIC8 ]u0_mcBl DVcI lhcSc C8lc_DIIcS 8S
SuCh, 8IlhH lD lhc hISlDIIC8 IBBcIV8lIDB lh8l lhcIc IS BD mDIc 8u_hIB_ DVcI lhc
C8SSICS D CDmIC lhc8lcI cXCcQl IB 8 Sl8lc D IcBcWc0 D8ID8IISm. B 8CCDI0 WIlh
lhc lcB0cBCj D mD0cH 8Il lD m8Xc IlS DWB C8lc_DIIcS lhcm8lIC lhIDu_h Sc-
IcHcClIDB, Q8jS IXc Ccdct8B0 Endume-IB lhc SCcBc IB WhICh lhc QIDl8_DBISlS
0cCI0c lD 8u_h~8Ic mDIc lhc lI8_IC QIcScBl8lIDB D CDmc0jS 8lc lh8B lhcj 8Ic
CDmIC, IB lhc 8ClDIS DICc0 8u_hlcI, lhc SQcCl8lDIS mIIlh V8BIShcS. t8Ij IB lhc
CcBluIj 8Ic80j, c0cXIB0 B8mc0 8 picecle)WhDSc l8I_cl W8S lhc QuDIShcI D
Simplicissimas,

~ 8 S8lIIc DB S8lIIc. PC80cmIC QhIDSDQhcIS 80DQl 8 8Sc SuQcII-

DIIlj WhcB lhcj SuIVcj lhc hISlDIj D 8Il lD QIDCuIc DI lhcmScVcS Uc S8lIS8ClIDB
D niludmiruri8B0, IVIB_ IB lhc 0DmcSlIC CDmQ8Bj D clcH8 V8ucS, 0cIIVc IDm
lhc cVcI-S8mcBcSS D lhIB_S lhc QIDDl D ScQ8I8lIB_ Dul Wh8l IS lIuj 0IcIcBl 8B0
cB08B_cIS lhc Sl8luS guD, IB DI0cI lD 0ISmISS Il 8 Ich8ShIB_ D lhc C8SSICS. hIS
8llIlu0c IS IB c8_uc WIlh 8 SDCIDQSjChDD_IC8j 8B0 IBSlIlulIDB8j Ic8ClIDB8Ij 8l-
lIlu0c. l IS DBj IB lhc QIDCcSS D CDlIC8 Sc-CDBSCIDuSBcSS lh8l 8cSlhclICS IS 8Dc
DBCc 8_8IB lD Ic8Ch 8Il, I Il W8S cVcI C8Q8Dc D lhIS IB lhc DISl Q8Cc.
PlhDu_h 8Il, II_hlcBc0 Dj lhc lI8CcS cl Dj 8cSlhclICS, mISUuSlS Il 8S SDmclhIB_
lh8l h80 8cB 8I DchIB0 IlS DWB 0cVcDQmcBl, Il muSl 8l lhc S8mc lImc ScCIclj
c8I lh8l 8B 8cSlhclICS lh8l W8S BD DB_cI 8B8ChIDBISlIC WDu0 ScVcI lhc lhIc80S D
Ic, WhICh 8Ic 8Ic80j SUclChc0 lD lhc ImIl. buCh 8B 8cSlhclICS, Il IS c8Ic0, WDu0
8j C8Im lD 0cCI0IB_ I 8B0 hDW 8Il ShDu0 SuIVIVc 8lcI lhc 8 D mcl8QhjSICS,
lD WhICh M DWcS IlS cXISlcBCc 8B0 CDBlcBl. hc mcl8QhjSICS D! M h8S cCDmc
lhc CDuIl D ]u0_mcBl lh8l IucS DVcI 8IlS CDBlIBuc0 cXISlcBCc. hc 8DScBCc D
lhcDD_IC8 mc8BIB_, hDWcVcI mD0IDc0, CumIB8lcS IB 8Il 8S lhc CIISIS D IlS DWB
mc8BIB_. hc mDIc IulhcSSj 8IlWDIXS 0I8W lhc CDBScgucBCcS Dm lhc CDBlcm-
QDI8Ij CDB0IlIDB D CDBSCIDuSBcSS, lhc mDIc CDScj lhcj lhcmScVcS 8QQIDXIm8lc
mc8BIB_cSSBcSS. hcj lhcIcDj 8ChIcVc 8 hISlDIIC8j IcguISIlc lIulh, WhICh, I Ml
0ISDWBc0 Il, WDu0 CDB0cmB 8Il lD 0DIB_ Dul QDWcDcSS CDBSD8lIDB 8B0 lD CDm-
QICIlj WIlh lhc Sl8luS guD. Pl lhc S8mc lImc, hDWcVcI, mc8BIB_cSS 8Il h8S Dc_uB
lD DIcIl IlS II_hl lD cXISl, IB 8Bj C8Sc, lhcIc IS BD DB_cI 8Bj 8Il lh8l h8S Icm8IBc0
IBVID8Dc. D lhc gucSlIDB 8S lD Whj Il cXISlS, 8Il h8S BD DlhcI IcSQDBSc lh8B Wh8l
LDclhc C8c0 lhc 0Ic_S D 8DSuI0Ilj, WhICh 8 8Il CDBl8IBS. hIS IcSI0uc IIScS lD
lhc SuI8Cc 8B0 0cBDuBCcS 8Il. JuSl 8S Il IS IDDlc0 8l c8Sl IB Q8Il IB clIShcS, 8Il,
lhIDu_h IlS IccBlcSS QID_IcSS, Ic8QScS D8CX IBlD clIShISm 8B0 DcCDmcS 8 DIB0
cB0 IB IlSc, IcVc8IB_ IlSc 8S uBlIulh, 8 SDIl D CDcClIVc 0cuSIDB, 8S SDDB 8S IlS
DD]cClIVc lIulh CDBlcBl, IlS mc8BIB_, Dc_IBS lD W8VcI. QSjChD8B8jSIS DDWc0
IlS DWB QIIBCIQc lD IlS CumIB8lIDB, Il WDu0~IXc 8 QDSIlIVISmBcCcSS8IIj
0cm8B0 lhc cB0 D 8Il, ]uSl 8S Il lcB0S lD 8B8jZc Il 8W8j IB lhc lIc8lmcBl D Q8-
lIcBlS. hMl IS S8BClIDBc0 cXCuSIVcj 8S SuDIm8lIDB, 8S 8 mc8BS DI lhc m8IBlc-
B8BCc D QSjChIC cCDBDmj, IlS Uulh CDBlcBl IS CDBlI8VcBc0 8B0 8Il IB_cIS DB DBj
UK NJOUULON 3

!
8S 8 QIDuS 0cCcQlIDu. hc lIulh D 8 8IlWDIKS WDu0, Du lhc DlhcI h8u0, uDl cXISl
WIlhDul lhc clIShISm lh8l uDW VcIgcS Du DcCDmIug 8IlS uulIulh. hc Qu8Ily D
8IlWDIKS 0cQcu0S cSSculI8y Du lhc 0cgIcc D lhcII clIShISm, Du lhc VcucI8lIDu
lh8l Uc QIDCcSS D QID0uCIIDu Q8yS lD Wh8l 8yS C8Im lD DcIug Sc-QID0uCc0, lD
lhc ScIIDuSucSS lh8l DIgclS lhc Qc8SuIc l8Kcu Iu Il. Luy lhIDugh clIShISm, lhc
DIu0Iug D lhc MDIK VIS-8-VIS lhc Ic8Ily D WhICh Il IS Q8Il, 0DcS lhc WDIK lI8u-
SCcu0 lhc SQc D lhc Ic8Ily QIIuCIQc 8S SDmclhIug SQIIIlu8.
IDm lhcSc QcISQClIVcS, 8cSlhclICS QIDVcS lD Dc uDl SD muCh DDSDclc 8S ucCcS-
S8Iy. P 0DcS uDl Sl8u0 Iu ucc0 D 8u 8cSlhclICS lh8l WI QIcSCIIDc uDImS WhcIc Il
Hu0S IlSc Iu 0ICuly, Dul I8lhcI D 8u 8cSlhclICS lh8l WI QIDVI0c lhc C8Q8CIly
DI IccClIDu, WhICh 8Il Du IlS DWu IS h8I0y 8Dc lD 8ChIcVc. DI0S SuCh 8S m8lc-
II8, DIm, 8u0 DIm8lIDu, WhICh DW 8 lDD c8SIy IDm lhc QuS D CDulcmQDI8Iy
8IlISlS, IIug UIlc, lD CuIc CDulcmQDI8Iy 8ugu8gc D lhIS IS Duc D lhc 8Il-QI8ClIC8
uuClIDuS D 8cSlhcUCS. PDDVc 8, hDWcVcI, 8cSlhclICS IS 0cm8u0c0 Dy lhc 0c-
VcDQmcul D 8IlWDIKS. lhcy 8Ic uDl lImccSSy Sc-S8mc, Dul I8lhcI DcCDmc
Wh8l lhcy 8Ic DcC8uSc lhcII DWu mc8uIug IS 8 QIDcSS D DcCDmIug, lhcy SummDu
DIlh DImS D SQIIIl~CDmmcul8Iy 8u0 CIIlIQuc, DI cX8mQclhIDugh WhICh lhIS
QIDCcSS I8 Dc0. hcSc DImS Icm8Iu Wc8K, hDWcVcI, SD Dug 8S lhcy 0D uDl
Ic8Ch lhc Hlh CDulcul D lhc WDIKS. hcy Duy DcCDmc C8Q8Dc D lhIS Dy DcIug
hDuc0 lD 8cSlhclICS. hc ulh CDulcul D 8u 8IlWDIK IcQuIIcS QhIDSDQhy. l IS Duy
Iu lhIS lIulh CDulcul lh8l QhIDSDQhy CDuVcIgcS WIlh 8Il DI cXlIuguIShcS IlSc Iu Il.
hc W8y lDW8I0 lhIS IS 0cHuc0 Dy lhc IccClc0 Imm8ucuCc D WDIKS, uDl Dy lhc
cXlcD8 8QQIC8lIDu D QhIDSDQhcmS. hc lIulh CDulcul D WDIKS muSl Dc IIgDI-
DuSy 0ISlIuguIShc0 IDm 8 QhIDSDQhy lh8l IS QumQc0 IulD lhcm Dy 8ulhDIS DI
lhcDIISlS, lhc 0IcIcuCc DclWccu lhc lWD, Il muSl Dc SuSQcClc0, h8S DI CDSc lD
lWD huu0Ic0 yc8IS Dccu uuDII0gc8Dc. '` Lu lhc DlhcI h8u0, 8cSlhclICS DIuSQucy
IcQu0I8lcS lhc C8Im D QhIDDgy hDWcVcI uScH Il m8y Dc Iu DIhcI CDulcXlS~
lh8l Il 8SSuIcS lhc ulh CDulcul D 8IlWDIKS. u lhc 8gc D lhc IIIcCDuCI8DIIly D
lI80IlIDu8 8cSlhclICS 8u0 CDulcmQDI8Iy 8Il, lhc QhIDSDQhIC8 lhcDIy D 8Il h8S uD
ChDICc Dul, V8IyIug 8 m8XIm D DIclZSChc S, Dy 0clcImIu8lc ucg8lIDu lD lhIuK lhc
C8lcgDIIcS lh8l Mc Iu 0cCIuc 8S C8lcgDIIcS D U8uSIlIDu. hc cuCI08lc0 8u0 CDu-
CIclc 0ISSDulIDu D CDuVculIDu8 8cSlhclIC C8lcgDIIcS IS lhc Duy Icm8IuIug DIm
lh8l 8cSlhclICS C8u l8Kc, Il 8l lhc S8mc lImc SclS Icc lhc lI8uSDImc0 lIuU D lhcSc
C8lcgDIIcS. 8IlISlS 8Ic CDmQcc0 lD QcIm8ucul IcRcClIDu, lh8l IcRcClIDu ucc0S lD
Dc WIcSlc0 Icc D IlS 8CCI0cul8ucSS SD U8l Il 0DcS uDl 0cgcucI8lc IulD 8IDIU8Iy,
8m8lcuIISh 8uXII8Iy hyQDlhcScS, hDmcm80c I8lIDu8IZ8lIDuS, DI IulD 8IDI8Iy
0cC8I8lIDuS D IulculIDuS I8mc0 Dy 8 cl8uSCh8uuug, WIlhDul 8uy ]uSlIDC8lIDu
Dm Wh8l IS lu8y 8ChIcVc0. WD Duc ShDu0 8uy DugcI cuuSl hImSc u8Vcy
h lhc lcChuDDgIC8 purtiprisD CDulcmQDI8Iy 8Il, DlhcIWISc lhIS 8Il WDu0 CDu-
SIgu IlSc lDl8y lD lhc SuDSlIlulIDu D lhc gD8~lh8l IS, lhc WDIK ~Dy lhc mc8uS,
Ihc QIDCc0uHS Dy WhICh Il W8S QID0uCc0. hc QIDQcuSIly lDW8I0 lhIS h8ImDuIZcS
8 lDD uu08mcul8y WIlh lhc gcucI8 0IIcClIDu D SDCIcly lDW8I0 lhc 8QDlhcDSIS
J42 ' OK OOUCON
D mc8uS, QID0uClIDu DI lhc S8Kc D QID0uClIDu, lDl8 cmQDymcul 8u0 8 lh8l IS
Q8Il D Il, DcC8uSc lhc gD8S lhcmScVcS lhc I8lIDu8 DIg8uIZ8lIDu D hum8uIly~
8Ic DDCKc0. hcIc8S Iu QhIDSDQhy, 8cSlhclICS c Dul D 8ShIDu, lhc mDSl 80-
V8uCc0 8IlISlS h8Vc ScuSc0 lhc ucc0 DI Il 8 lhc mDIc SlIDugy. l IS Cc8I lh8l cVcu
DucZ IS 8I IDm cuVISIDuIDg 8 uDIm8lIVc 8cSlhclICS D lhc lI80IlIDu8 SDIl Dul
SccS, I8lhcI, lhc ucCcSSIly D 8 hISlDIICDQhIDSDQhIC8 lhcDIy D 8Il. h8l hc mc8uS
Dy DIIcul8lIOu cSlh0lIQuc CDu0 DcSl Dc U8uS8lc0 8S lhc CIIlIC8 Sc 8W8IcucSS
D lhc 8IlISl.'" , 8S Mcgc lhDughl, lhc hDuI D u8Vc 8Il IS Q8Sl, Ml muSl cmDD0y
IcHcClIDu 8u0 l8Kc Il lD lhc QDIul WhcIc Il uD DugcI Icm8IuS cXlcD8 8u0 DIcIgu
lD Il, lhIS WDu0 Dc lhc IDc D 8cSlhclICS lD08y. DucZ S CculI8 QDIul IS lh8l hc
h80 Dccu QuZZc0 Dy lhc CuIIcul DQIuIDu D 8V8ul-gM0c MlISlS, WhD DcIcVc lh8l
8uuDl8lc0 IuSUuClIDuS DI lhc cmQDymcul D lcChuIC8 QIDCc0uIcS 8Ic80y 8mDuul
lD 8u 8IlWDIK, Du lhc CDuU8Iy, lhc Duy CIIlcIIDu8CCDI0Iug lD DucZ~IS Wh8l
lhc 8IlISl 0DcS, uDl hDW 8u0 WIlh Wh8lcVcI 80V8uCc0 mc8uS hc Iulcu0c0 lD m8Kc
Il. DucZ, lDD, Ic8IZcS, WIlh Icg8I0 lD lhc CDulcmQDI8Iy 8IlISlIC QIDcSS, lh8l Iu-
SIghl IulD Uc hISlDIIC8 SIlu8lIDulhIDugh WhICh lhc MlIlhclIC8 Ic8lIDu lD U80I-
lIDu IS mc0I8lc0CDuVcIgcS WIlh DIu0Iug ImQIC8lIDuS DI QID0uClIDu. hc 0Dg-
m8lIC ScQ8I8lIDu D CI8l 8u0 8cSlhclICS, WhICh bChDcuDcIg 0cCIcc0 Dul D 8 lhcu
]uSlIDc0 CIIlIQuc D 8 QI8IS-8Icu 8SlhclICS, 8 ScQ8I8lIDu lh8l W8S Sc-cVI0cul lD
lhc 8IlISlS D hIS gcucI8lIDu 8S Wc 8S lD lhDSc D lhc 8uh8uS, IS 0IS8VDWc0 Dy
DucZ Iu lhc u8mc D CI8l 8u0 mtier. LVcu bChDcuDcIg S 1heojc/Humcny
W8S Duy 8Dc lD m8Iul8Iu lhIS ScQ8I8lIDu DcC8uSc hc ImIlc0 hImSc Iu lhIS DDDK
lD mc8uS lh8l h80 Dug uDl Dccu hIS DWu, h80 hc 0ISCuSSc0 lhDSc hc WDu0 h8Vc
DCCn IttC8I8lIDy COmQCCd lO undCtl8kC 8C8lhClIC tCCClIOn, gIVCn lh8l hC !8CkCd
0I08ClIC8y CDmmuuIC8Dc IucS DI lhc ucW CI8l. buCh IccClIDu IcSQDu0S lD lhc
8l8 8gIug D lhc mD0cD 8S 8 IcSul D lhc lcuSIDucSSucSS D lhc lDl8y lcChuIC8
8IlWDIK. hIS lcuSIDucSSucSS C8u h8I0y Dc 0c8l WIlh Iu 8u cXCuSIVcy IuucI-
lcChuIC8 8ShIDu, cVcu lhDugh Iu lcChuIC8 CIIlICISm SDmclhIug D lhc SuQI8lcCh-
uIC8 CDuSlMUy IcgISlcIS. h8l SIguIHCMl CDulcmQDIMy 8Il IS 8 m8llcI D Iu0IcI-
cuCc Iu 8 SDCIcly lh8l lDcI8lcS Il, m8IKS 8Il IlSc 8S SDmclhIug Iu0IcIcul lh8l Iu
SQIlc D 8 IlS cDIl DIghl cQu8y Wc Dc SDmclhIug cSc DI uDlhIug 8l 8. h8l
CuIIculy Q8SScS DI lcChuIC8 CIIlcII8 Iu uD W8y 8CIIl8lcS ]u0gmcul Du lhc cVc
D 8IlISlIC 8ChIcVcmcul 8u0 mDSl Dlcu Iccg8lcS Il lD lhc DDSDclc C8lcgDIy D
l8Slc. PS DucZ QDIulS Dul, m8uy WDIKS, D WhICh lhc QucSlIDu 8S lD lhcII V8uc
uD DugcI m8KcS ScuSc, Mc DchD0cu SDcy lD lhcII 8DSlI8Cl DQQDSIlIDu lD lhc Cu-
luIc Iu0uSlIy, uDl lD lhcII CDulcul DI lhc C8Q8CIly lD Ic8IZc Il. hc CIIlIC8 0cCISIDu
lhcy cu0c CDu0 Duy Dc lhc IcSQDuSIDIIly D 8u 8cSUclICS lh8l QIDVcS IlSc cQu8
lD lhc mDSl 80V8uCc0 0cVcDQmculS lD lhc S8mc cXlcul lh8l Il m8lChcS 8u0 SuQcI-
Sc0cS lhc 8llcI WIlh IlS QDWcI D IccClIDu. hIS 8cSlhclICS IS DDIgc0 lD IcuDuuCc
lhc CDuCcQl D l8Slc, Iu WhICh lhc C8Im D 8Il lD Uulh IS Iu 08ugcI D CDmIug lD 8
mIScI8Dc cu0. hc guIl IcS WIlh QIcVIDuS 8cSlhclICS lh8l, Dy VIIluc D l8KIug IlS
Sl8IlIug QDIul Iu lhc SuD]cClIVc ]u0gmcul D l8Slc, QcIcmQlDIIy 0cQIIVc0 Ml D IlS
DK ODUCTON L J4J
C8ImlDlIulh.Mcgc,WhDlDDX lhIS C8ImScIIDuSy8u0cmQh8SIZc0 8Il SDQQDSI-
lIDulDQc8SuI8DcDIuScuQ8y,W8SDI lhIS Ic8SDu lhc cucmy Dl8Slc,WIlhDul
hDWcVcI DcIug 8Dc lD DD8X lhIDugh IlS CDulIugcuCy Iu lhc CDuCIclc 8u8yScS D
hISAesthetics.hIS lD 8ul SCIc0Illh8l hcIcCDguIZc0lhc 8QDII8D 8cSlhclIC DD-
]cClIVIly8u0lhc]u0gmculDl8Slc.Mc0I0Iu0cc0C8IIyDul8u8cSlhclIC 8u8ySISD
lhc]u0gmculDl8Slc IulcImSDIlS ccmculS,Dul hcCDuCcIVc0lhcm 8l lhc S8mc
lImc 8S 8lcul, 8CDuCcQlu8y DD]cClIVc ccmculS. u SD 0DIug hc QDIulc0 uQ lhc
uDmIumISlIC lhIc8l lD cVcIy cmQh8lIC lhcDIy~8lhIc8l lh8l C8uuDl Dc 0ISmISSc0
Dy 8uy 8Cl DWI~8u0 8llhc S8mclImcQcICcIVc0lhcccmculS Iu WhICh lhcDIy
gDS DcyDu0 IlSc. y VIIluc Dlhc IulccClIVc mDVcmcul DhIS DD]cCl,8mDVc-
mcul lh8l ccClIVcy CDSc0 IlS cycS lD lhc DD]cCl,8ul DIDughl IulD lhDughl lhc
0ccQcSl ImQuScS D8u M lh8l Duy 0cVcDQc0 Iu lhc Duc huu0Ic0 Dly yc8IS 8HcI
hIS0c8lh. 8u 8H lh8lQIDDc08lcIIlS DD]cClIVIly DQcuy,WIlhDulQIDlcClIDu D8uy
XIu0.h8l ucc0S lD Dc C8 Ic0 lhIDugh IS Wh8lIu lhc lhcDIIcS D8ul 8u0 Mcgc
8W8IlS D0cmQlIDu lhIDugh ScCDu0 IcHcClIDu. cImIu8lIug lhc lI80IlIDu DQhID-
SDQhIC88cSlhclICSmuSl8mDuullD gIVIug IlIlS 0uc.
hc 0Icmm8 D 8cSl0clICS 8QQc8IS Imm8uculy Iu lhc 8Cl lh8l Il C8u Dc CDuSlI-
lulc0 ucIlhcIm 8DDVc uDI IDm DcDW,ucIlhcI HDm CDuCcQlS uDI HDm 8CDu-
CcQlu8 cXQIIcuCc. hc Duy QDSSIDIIly DI8cSlhclICS DcyDu0 lhIS mIScI8Dc 8-
lcD8lIVcISlhc QhIDSDQhIC8IuSIghllh8l8Cl8u0CDuCcQl8IcuDlQD8IDQQDSIlcS
Dulmc0I8lc0IcCIQID8yIuDuc8uDlhcI.hISmuSlDc8QQIDQII8lc0Dy 8cSlhclICS,
DI 8Il8g8IuSl8u0S Iuucc0D8cSlhclICS uDWlh8lCIIlICISmh8S ShDWuIlSclDDc
SD0ISDIIculc0Dy8Sc8u08IDIlI8Iy]u0gmculSlh8lIl8ISVIS-0-VIS81l.XclI8cS-
lhclICS IS lD 8mDuul ucIlhcI lD 8Il-8Icu QIcSCIIQlIDuS uDIlD lhc IuCDuScQuculI8
C8SSIDC8lIDu D Wh8l Ilh8QQcuS uQDu, lhcu Il IS Duy CDuCcIV8Dc 8S 0I8cClIC8
8cSlhclICS,0I8cCUC8 mclhD0 IS uDl uuSuIl8Dy 0cHuc0 8S lhc IcuS8 lD IcSl CDu-
lcul WIlh lhc 0IIcmQlIDu D lhc 0c0uClIVc 8u0 Iu0uClIVc lh8l 0DmIu8lcS IIgI0,
Iu0uI8lIVc lhDughl,8u0 lhIS IS cXQIcSSy Ic]cClc0 Dy Uc c81IcSl DImu8lIDuS D
0I8cClICS Iu LcIm8u I0c8ISm, lhDSc D IChlc.` PcSlhclICS muSl uD mDIc 8g
DchIu0 81l lh8u DchIu0 QhIDSDQhy. PlhDugh u 8DDuu0S Iu lhc mDSl ImQDILl
IuSIghlS,McgcS8cSlhclICS uD mDIc S8lISHc0 lhc CDuCcQl D0I8cClICS Iu hIS m8Iu
WDIXSlh8u 0I0DlhcIm8lcII8 Q81lS DlhcSySlcm.hIS IS uDlc8SylDCDIIcCl.PcS-
UclIC 0I8cClICSISuDl lD QIcSuQQSc8mcl8QhySICSDSQIIIl,WhICh Iu Mcgc 8S Iu
IChlc W8SlD guM8ulcc lh8l lhc Iu0IVI0u8, WIlh WhICh Iu0uClIDuDcgIuS,8u0lhc
uuIVcIS8,WhIChQIDVI0cSlhc D8SIS DI 0c0uClIDu,8Ic Duc. h8l W8S VD8lIIZc0
Iu cmQh8lIC QhIDSDQhy C8uuDl D IcVIVc0 Dy 8cSlhclICS, IlSc 8 QhIDSDQhIC8
0ISCIQIuc. 8ulSlhcDIy IS mDIc 8QQDSIlc lD lhc CDulcmQDI8Iy SIlu8lIDu,DI hIS
8cSlhclICS8llcmQlSlD DIu0lDgclhcI CDuSCIDuSucSSDWh8lISucCcSS8IyWIlhCDu-
SCIDuSucSSlh8lWh8l ISucCcSS8Iy IS IlScDDCXc0HDm CDuSCIDuSucSS.1lDDWS
IlS CDuISc,Iu ccCl,DIu0y.MIS 8cSlhclICS ccS IlS W8y Iu lhc08IX 8u0ycl ISc0
Dy 8 CDmQuSIDu lDW8I0 Wh8l Il SccXS. hIS IS lhc QuZZc Iu WhICh 8 8cSlhclIC
cDIlSlD08y DDuu0uQ. PcSlhclICS,uDlculIIc[ hcQcSS,SccXSlD uul8ugclhc
J4 c DK lNTODLClON
KBOl. OI 8Il IS, OI 8l 8Bj I8lc W8S uBlI lhc mOSl IcCcBl 0cVcOQmcBlS, uB0cI lhc
ImQIcSS O IlS ScmD8BCc, Wh8l mcl8QhjSICS, WhICh IS WIlhOul ScmD8BCc, 8W8jS
W8Blc0 lO Dc. hcB bChclIB_ 0cCl8Ic0 8Il lhc OI_8BOB O QhIlOSOQhj hc IBVOluB-
l8IIj 80mIllc0 Wh8l _Ic8l I0c8lISlIC SQcCu8lIOB cIlhcI Q8SSc0 OVcI IB SIlcBCc OI
0cBIc0 IB lhc IBlcIcSl O IlS Scl-QIcScIV8lIOB. LOIIcSQOB0IB_j, bChcIB_ 0I0 BOl,
8S IS Wcll KBOWB, C8H lhIOu_h lhc lhcSIS O I0cBlIlj 8S IclcBllcSSlj 8S 0I0 Mc_cl.
hc 8cSlhclIC COBlOuIS O Mc_clS QhIlOSOQhj, lh8l O 8 _I_8BlIC 8S I, WcIc lhcB
IcCO_BIZc0 Dj AIcIKc_88I0 8B0 COul0 Dc 0cmOBSU8lc0 IB 0cl8I IB hIS Lic'PIl
IS lh8l-OI lhc mOSl Q8Il m8lcII8cXISlcBl lh8l IS 0clcImIBc0 8S SQIIIl IB QIc-
CISclj lhc 8ShIOB lh8l I0c8ISm SImQj 8SScIlc0 cXH8-8cSUclIC Ic8lIlj lO Dc. LXQc-
IIcBCc IS ODSCuIc0 Dj lhc B81Vc ClICh lh8l 0cQIClS lhc 8IlISl 8S 8B I0c8ISl OI, 0c-
QcB0IB_ OB l8Slc, 8S 8 OOl IB lhc ScIVICc O lhc QuIQOIlc0lj 8DSOlulc Ic8SOB O hIS
WOIK. PIlWOIKS 8Ic, IB lcImS O lhcII OWB COBSlIlulIOB, OD]cClIVc 8S Wcll 8S-8B0
BOl OBj DcC8uSc lhcj h8Vc lhcII _cBcSIS IB SQIIIlu8 QIOCcSScS~SQIIIlu8, OlhcI-
WISc lhcj WOu0 Dc IB QIIBCIQlc IB0ISlIB_uISh8Dlc IOm c8lIB_ 8B0 0IIBKIB_. hc
COBlcmQOI8Ij 0cD8lcS OII_IB8lIB_ IB bOVIcl 8cSlhclICS, WhICh IBSISl lh8l lhc C8Im
lO lhc QIIm8Cj O lhc l8W O OIm 8S lhc QIIm8Cj O lhc SQIIIlu8l IS 8B I0c8ISlIC
VIcW O SOCI8l Ic8lIlj, 8Ic _IOuB0lcSS. LBj 8S SQIIIl IS 8Il lhc OQQOSIlc O cmQIIIC8
Ic8Ilj, WhICh DcCOmcS lhc 0clcImIB8lc Bc_8lIOB O lhc cXISlIB_ WOIl0 OI0cI. PIl
IS lO Dc 0I8lcClIC8lj COBSlIuc0 IBSO8I 8S SQIIIl IBhcIcS IB Il, WIlhOul 8Il S QOSScSS-
IB_ Il OI _IVIB_ SuIclj O Il 8S SOmclhIB_ 8DSOlulc. MOWcVcI muCh lhcj Sccm lO Dc
cBlIlIcS, 8IlWOIKS 8Ic CIjSl8llIZ8lIOBS O lhc QIOcSS DclWccB SQIIIl 8B0 IlS OlhcI.
hIS ImQlIcS lhc 0IcIcBCc IOm Mc_cl S 8cSlhclICS. hcIc lhc OD]cClIVIlj O lhc
0IlWOIK IS lhc lIulh O SQIIIl. 1l IS SQIIIl lh0l h8S _OBc OVcI IBlO IlS OWB OlhcDcSS
8B0 DcCOmc I0cBlIC8l WIlh IlSc. FOI Mc_cl, SQIIIl IS OBc WIlh lOl8Ilj, 8SO WIlh
lhc lOl8lIlj IB 8Il. PlcI lhc COl8QSc O lhc _cBcI8l lhcSIS O 0c8lISm, hOWcVcI,
SQIIIl IS SUIClj OBc 8SQCl O 8IlWOIKS, _I8Blc0, Il IS lh8l 8SQcCl lh8l m0KcS lhc
8IlI8Cl 8Il, jcl Il IS BOl IB 8Bj W8j QIcScBl WIlhOul Wh8l IS OQQOSc0 lO Il. bQIIIl
BO mOIc 0cVOuIS IlS OQQOSIlc lh8B hISlOIj h8S KBOWB QuIc 8IlWOIKS lh8l h8Vc
8ChIcVc0 lhc I0cBlIlj O SQIIIl 8B0 BOBSQIIIl. LOBSlIlulIVclj, lhc SQIIIl O 8IlWOIKS
IS BOl QuIc. hOSc WOIKS lh8l Sccm lO cmDO0j SuCh I0cBlIlj 8Ic BOl lhc mOSl
ImQOIl8Bl. h8l IB 8IlWOIKS OQQOScS SQIIIl IS, hOWcVcI, OB BO 8CCOuBl Wh8l IS
B8luI8l m lhcII m8lcII8lS 8B0 OD]cClS, lhcj COBSlIlulc mcIcj 8 ImIlIB_ V8luc IB M-
WOIKS. hcj Dc8I Wh8l IS OQQOSc0 lO lhcm IB lhcmSclVcS, lhcII m8lcII8lS 8Ic hIS-
lOIIC8j 8B0 SOCI8llj QIcOImc0 8S 8Ic lhcII QIOc0uIcS, 8B0 lhcII hclcIO_cBcOuS
clcmcBl IS lh8l IB lhcm lh8l IcSISlS lhcII uBIlj 8B0 IS Bcc0c0 Dj IlS uBIlj OI Il lO Dc
mOIc lh8B 8 jIIhIC VIClOIj OVcI Uc uBIcSISlIB_. B lhIS, 8cSUclIC IcDcClIOB IS
uB8BImOuS WIlh lhc hISlOIj O 8Il, WhICh IHcSISlIDlj mOVc0 lhc 0ISSOB8Bl IBlO lhc
CcBlcI O lhc WOIK uBlI DB8llj IlS 0IcIcBCc IOm COBSOB8BCc W8S 0cSlIOjc0. PIl
lhcIcDj Q8IlICIQ8lcS IB lhc SucIIB_ lh8l, Dj VIIluc O lhc uBIlj O IlS QIOCcSS, DB0S
IlS W8j lO 8B_u8_c I8lhcI lh8B 0IS8QQc8IIB_. l IS DcC8uSc Il IcCO_BIZcS lhIS 8B0
8lIcS 8Il WIlh lhc COBSCIOuSBcSS O Bcc0 lh8l Mc_cl S 8cSlhclICS, IB SQIlc O IlS h8I-
DKAl lNTKODLCTION . 3

mOBISlIC ccmcBlS 8B0 IlS 8Ilh IB lhc ScBSu8l 8QQc8I8BCc O lhc I0c8, IS 0ISlIB-
_uIShc0 IOm mcIcj OIm8 8cSUclICS. Mc WhO W8S HISl lO cBVISIOB lhc cB0 O 8Il
BMc0 lhc mOSl COmQclIB_ Ic8SOB OI IlS COBlIBu8lIOB. lhc COBlIBu8lIOB O Bcc0S,
mulc IB lhcmScVcS, lh8l 8W8Il Uc cXQIcSSIOB lh8l 8IlWOIKS uD Dj QIOXj. MOW-
cVcI, I lhc ccmcBl O SQIIIl IS Imm8BcBl lO 8IlWOIKS, lhIS ImQIcS lh8l lhIS ccmcBl
IS BOl I0cBlIC8 WIlh lhc SQIIIl lh8l QIO0uCcS lhcm, BOl cVcB WIlh lhc COcClIVc
SQIIIl O lhc cQOCh. hc 0clcImIB8lIOB O lhc SQIIIl IB 8IlWOIKS IS lhc hI_hcSl l8SK
O 8cSlhclICS, OI lhIS Ic8SOB Il IS 8 lhc mOIc QIcSSIB_ lh8l 8cSlhclICS BOl cl QhI-
OSOQhj QIcSCIIDc lO Il lh8l C8lc_OIj O SQIIIl. Ccmmcnsense,IBClIBc0 lO cgu8lc
lhc SQIIIl O 8lWOIKS WIlh Wh8l lhcII m8KcIS IBuSc IBlO lhcm, muSl I8QI0j
cBOu_h 0ISCOVcI lh8l 8IlWOIKS 8Ic SO COCOBSlIuClc0 Dj lhc OQQOSIlIOB O Uc 8lIS-
lIC m8lcII8, Dj lhcII OWB QOSlu8lcS, Dj hISlOIIC8lj COBlcmQOI8Ij mO0clS 8B0
QIOCc0uIcS U8l 8Ic ccmcBl8 lO 8 SQIIIl lh8l m8j Dc C8llc0IB 8 COB0cBSc0 8Sh-
IOB lh8l 0cVI8lcS IOm Mc_c OD]cClIVc, lh8l lhcII Ic0uClIOB lO SuD]cClIVc SQIIIl
DcCOmcS 8DSuI0. hIS SclS lhc gucSlIOB O lhc SQIIIl O 8IlWOIKS 8l 8 0ISl8BCc IOm
lhcII _cBcSIS. hc 0jB8mIC Ic8lIOB O m8lcII8 8B0 8DOI, 8S Mc_cl 0cVcOQc0 Il m
lhc 0I8cClIC O lhc m8SlcI M0 lhc S8Vc, IS QIc_B8ullj IcQIO0uCc0 IB M. 1 lh8l
Ch8QlcI O lhc Fhencmenclcy hISlOIIC8lj COBguIcS uQ cu08lISm, M IlScl, IlS
mcIc cXISlcBCc, Dc8IS 8B 8ICh8IC gu8lIlj. hc IcRcClIOB OB lhIS IS IBScQ8I8Dc HOm
IcHcClIOB OB 8l S II_hl lO COBlIBuc lO cXISl. O08j lhc BcOlIO_O0jlcS 8Ic mOIc
8W8Ic O lhIS lh8B IS lhc B81VclC O 8B uBQcIluIDc0 CuluI8 COBSCIOuSBcSS.
PcSlhclIC lhcOIj, W8j O 8 QIIOII COBSUuClIOB 8B0 C8ulIOuS O 8B IBCIc8SIB_ 8D-
SU8ClBcSS, h8S 8S IlS 8IcB8 lhc cXQcIIcBCc O lhc 8cSlhclIC OD]cCl. hc 8IlWOIK IS
BOl lO Dc KBOWB SImQj cXlcH8lj Dul 0cm8B0S O !hcOIj lh8l, 8l Wh8lcVcI cVcl O
8DSlI8ClIOB, Il D uB0cISlOO0. hIlOSOQhIC8j lhc COBCcQl O uB0cISl8B0IB_ 8B0
C8lc_OIIcS SuCh 8S cmQ8lhj h8Vc DccB COmQIOmISc0 Dj LIllhcj 8B0 hIS OlOWcIS.
OBc SclS 8SI0c SuCh lhcOIcmS 8B0 IBSISlS OB 8B uB0cISl8B0IB_ O 8IlWOIKS lD8l
WOul0 D KBOWlc0_c 0clcImIBc0 SUICllj lhIOu_h lhcII OD]cClIVI!j, 0ICullIcS
8m8SS. 1B 80V8BCc Il muSl Dc 80mIllc0 lh8l, I KBOWc0_c IS 8BjWhcIc 8ChIcVc0 IB
8jcIS, lhIS IS SO m 8cSlhclICS. PBj DX8lIOB O lhc Sl8IlIB_ QOIBl O !hIS l8jcIIB_ IB
cXQcIIcBCc WOu0 Dc 8IDIU8Ij. 1l Ic8ChcS D8CK 8 DchIB0 8cSlhclIC SuDIm8lIOB,
WhcIc Il IS IB0IVISIDc IOm IVc0 QcICcQlIOB. LXQcIIcBCc Icm8IBS Ic8lc0 lO SuCh
QcICcQlIOB, WhIlc 8l Uc S8mc lImc Il OBlj DcCOmcS Wh8l uIS Dj 0ISl8BCIB_ IlSc
HOm Immc0I8Cj, IBlO WhICh Il Sl8B0S QcIm8BcBlj IB 08B_cI O SIBKIB_ D8CK, 8S
h8QQcBS lO lhOSc cXCu0c0 IOm c0uC8lIOB WhO uSc lhc QIcScBl I8lhcI lh8B lhc Q8Sl
lcBSc WhcB B8II8lIB_ lhc cVcBlS O 8 Dm OI Q8j, jcl, WIlhOul 8Bj U8Cc O SuCh
Immc0I8Cj, 8IlISlIC cXQcIIcBCc IS BO cSS IB V8IB lh8B WhcB Il C8QIlu8lcS lO Immc-
0I8Cj. B PcX8B0I8B 8ShIOB Il CIICumVcBlS lhc C8Im lO 8B Immc0I8Cj O cXIS-
lcBCc lh8l IS Ic_ISlcIc0 Dj cVcIj 8IlWOIK, WhclhcI Il W8BlS lO OI BOl. Ic8lISlIC
cXQcIIcBCc O lhc 8cSlhclIC IS IB0cc0 8Sc, IB lh8l Il I0cBlIDcS 8B0 COuBlcII0cBHDcS
WIlh 8IlWOIKS 8S IB cmQIIIC8l Ic 8B0, I QOSSIDlc, cVcB lO 8 hcI_hlcBc0 0c_Icc,
8B0 lhuS QIcCISclj Dj W8j O 8 COmQOImcBl U8l SuD]cClIVISm hOl0S lO Dc lhc
J4 | DKA lNTKODUCTlON
IBSlIumcBl D 8cSlhclIC cXQcIIcBCc. y 8QQID8ChIBg lhc 8IlWDIK 8CDBCcQlu8!y,
lhIS CDmQDIUcBl Hm8IBS U8QQc0 WIUIB lhc I80IuS D l8Slc, 8B0 IlS Ic8lIDB lD lhc
WDIK IS BD cSS DD!IQuc U8B I Il mISuSc0 8Il lD I!uSlI8lc QhIDSDQhIC8! QDSIlIDBS.
c m8c8Dc, Ic80I!y I0cBlIyIBg ScBSIDI!Ily CD8QScS WhcB 8Cc0 WIlh lhc Sc-
VcIIly D lhc MWDIK, ycl DD0uI8lc lhDughl Chc8lS IlSc D lhc c!cmcBl D IcCcQlIV-
Ily, WIlhDul WhICh Il IS BD DBgcI lhDughl. Vc8IlISlIC cXQcIIcBCc IcQuIIcS QID]cC-
lIDB,'

ycl 8cSlhclIC cXQIIcBCc~QIcCIScy Dy VIIluc D lhc 8 QIIDII QIIm8Cy D
SuD]cClIVIly IB Il~IS 8 CDuBlcImDVcmcBl lD lhc SuD]cCl. 1l 0cm8B0S SDmclhIBg DB
lhc DI0cI D Uc Sc-0cBI8! D lhc DDScIVcI, hIS C8Q8CIly lD 800IcSS DI IcCDgBIZc
Wh8l 8cSlhclIC DD]cClS lhcmScVcS cBuBCI8lc 8B0 Wh8l lhcy CDBCc8. PcSlDclIC
cXQIIcBCc BISl D 8! Q8CcS Uc DDScIVcI 8l 8 0ISl8BCc Dm lhc DD]cCl. hIS IcS-
DB8lcS IB lhc I0c8 D 0ISIBlcIcSlc0 DDScIV8lIDB. hIISlIBcS 8Ic lhDSc WhDSc Ic8lIDB
lD MWDIKS IS Iuc0 Dy WhclhcI 8B0 lD Wh8l 0cgIcc lhcy C8B, DI cX8mQc, Qul
lhcmScVcS IB lhc Q8Cc D lhc 8ClDIS 8S lhcy CDmc DIlh, lhIS IS Wh8l 8 Q8IlS D lhc
CuluIc IB0uSUy 8Ic D8Sc0 DB 8B0 lhcy DSlcI Il IBSISlcBly IB lhcII CuSlDmcIS. hc
mDIc 8IlISlIC cXQIIcBCc QDSScSScS IlS DD]cClS 8B0 lhc CDScI Il 8QQID8ChcS lhcm IB
8 CcIl8IB ScBSc, lhc 8lDcI Il IS 8l lhc S8mc lImc ShIc0 8W8y Dm lhcm, 8IlISlIC
cBlhuSI8Sm IS 8Il-8IcB. 1l IS lhuS lh8l 8cSlDclIC cXQcIIcBCc, 8S bChDQcBh8ucI KBcW,
DIc8KS lhIDugh lhc SQc D DDSlIB8lc Sc-QIcScIV8lIDB, Il IS lhc mD0c! D 8 Sl8gc
D CDBSCIDuSBcSS IB WhICh lhc BD DBgcI h8S IlS h8QQIBcSS IB IlS IBlcIcSlS, DI, u!lI-
m8lcy, m IlS IcQID0uClIDB. h8l, hDWcVcI, lD D!DW lhc CDuISc D 8ClIDB IB 8
BDVc DI 8 0I8m8 8B0 BDlc lhc V8IIDuS mDlIV8lIDBS, DI 80cQu8lcy lD IcCDgBIZc
Uc lhcm8lIC CDBlcBl D 8 Q8IBlIBg, 0DcS BDl 8mDuBl lD uB0cISl8B0IBg lhc WDIKS
IS 8S DDVIDuS 8S lh8l lhcy C8BBDl D uB0cISlDO 8Q8Il IDm SuCh 8ScClS. DcIc
8Ic cX8Cl SChD8Iy 0cSCIIQlIDBS D 8IlWDIKS, cVcB 8B8yScSUcm8lIC 8B8!yScS
D muSIC, DI cX8mQclh8l mISS cVcIylhIBg cSScBlI8. P ScCDB0 8ycI D uB0cI-
Sl8B0IBg IS lh8l D lhc IBlcBlIDB D lhc WDIK, lh8l WhICh lhc WDIK IlSc Sl8lcS 8B0
Wh8l lI80IlIDB8 8cSlhclICS C8S IlS I0c8, 8B cX8mQc D WhICh WDu!0 Dc Uc guIlI-
BcSS D SuD]cClIVc mDI8Ily IB DScB S wildDack. hc IBlcBlIDB D lhc WDIK IS,
hDWcVcI, BDl cQuIV8cBl WIlh IlS CDBlcBl, 8B0 lhuS IlS uB0cISl8B0IBg Icm8IBS QID-
VISIDB8. hc QucSlIDB Icm8IBS 8l lhIS cVc D uB0cISl8B0IBg WhclhcI lhc IBlcBlIDB
IS Ic8IZc0 IB lhc SUCluIc D lhc WDIK, WhclhcI lhc DIm C8DcS Dul lhc Q8y D
DICcS, lDc 8Bl8gDBISmS, lh8l DD]cClIVcy gDVcD lhc WDIK DVcI 8B0 DcyDB0 IlS IB-
lcBlIDB. DIcDVcI, lhc uB0cISl8B0IBg D lhc IBlcBlIDB 0DcS BDl ycl gI8SQ lhc Ulh
CDBlcBl D lhc WDIK. DI lhIS Ic8SDB lhc uB0cISl8B0IBg D WDIKS IS cSScBlI8y 8
QIDcSS, DBc 8Q8Il Dm 8! DIDgI8QhIC8! 8CCI0cBl8BcSS 8B0 m BD W8y CDmQ8I8Dc
lD lh8l DmIBDuS !IVc0 cXQIIcBCc [Erlebnis] lh8l IS SuQQDSc0 lD 0cIVcI uQ 8
ScCIclS WIlh 8 W8Vc D lhc m8gIC W8B0 8B0 IB0cc0 QIDVI0c 8 0DDIW8y IBlD lhc DD-
]cCl. LB0cISl8B0IBg h8S 8S IlS I0c8 lh8l DBc DcCDmc CDBSCIDuS D lhc 8IlWDIKS
CDBlcBl Dy W8y D lhc !! cXQcIIcBCc [Equhmn]D Il. hIS CDBCcDS lhc WDIKS
Ic8lIDB lD IlS m8lcII8!, lD IlS 8QQc8I8BCc 8B0 IBlcBlIDB, 8S muCh 8S Il CDBCcDS IlS
DWB lIulh DI 8ScBcSS IB lcImS D lhc 8IlWDIKS SQCIHC DgIC, WhICh IBSUClS 8S
UKA NTKOUUCTON c J4!
lD lhc 0IcIcBlI8lIDB DclWccB Wh8l IS lIuc 8B0 8Sc IB lhcm. PIlWDIKS 8Ic uB0cI-
SlDD0 DBj WhcB lhcII cXQcIIcBCc IS DIDughl lD lhc cVc D 0ISlIBguIShIBg DclWccB
Uuc 8B0 BDl Uuc DI, 8S 8 QIcImIB8Ij Sl8gc, DclWccB CDDcCl 8B0 IBCDIIcCl. LIIlIguc
IS BDl cXlcH8j 800c0 IBlD 8cSlhclIC cXQcIIcBCc Dul, I8lhcI, IS Imm8BcBl lD Il. hc
CDmQIchcBSIDB D 8B 8IlWDIK 8S 8 CDmQcXIDB D Uulh DIIBgS lhc WDIK IBlD Ic8-
lIDB WIlh IlS uBlIulD, DI lhcIc IS BD 8IlWDIK lh8l 0DcS BDl Q8IlICIQ8lc IB lhc uBUulh
cXlcH8 lD Il, lh8l D lDc hISlDIICM mDmcBl. PcSlDclICS lh8l 0DcS BDl mDVc WIlhIB
lhc QcISQClIVc D UulD 8IS IlS l8SK, uSu8j Il IS 0uIB8Ij. cC8uSc lhc ccmcBl D
lIulh IS cSScBlI8 lD MlWDIKS, lhcj QMlICIQ8lc IB KBDWc0gc, 8B0 lhIS 0cDBcS lhc
DBj cgIlIm8lc Ic8lIDB lD lDcm. LDBSIgBIBg lhcm lD ID8lIDB8Ilj QID8BcS Wh8l IS
ImQDIl8Bl IB lhcm uB0cI lDc QIclcXl D Wh8l IS Qul8lIVcj ulIm8lc. hc KBDWc0gc
D MWDIKS IS guI0c0 Dj lDcII DWB CDgBIlIVc CDBSlIlulIDB. hcj 8Ic lhc DIm D
KBDWc0gc lh8l IS BDl XBDWc0gc D 8B DD]cCl. hIS Q8I80DX IS 8SD lhc Q8I80DX D
8ISlIC cXQcIIcBCc. lS mc0Ium IS lhc DDVIDuSBcSS D lhc IBCDmQIchcBSIDc. hIS
IS lDc CDmQDIlmcBl D MlISlS, Il IS lhc DD]cClIVc Ic8SDB D8CK D lhcII DlcB 8QDC-
IjQh8 8B0 hcQcSS lhcDIIcS. hc l8SK D 8 QhIDSDQhj D 8 IS BDl SD muCh lD cX-
Q8IB 8W8j lhc ccmcBl D IBCDmQIcDcBSIDIIlj, WhICh SQcCu8lIVc QhIDSDQhj h8S
8mDSl IBV8II8Dj SDughl lD 0D, Dul I8lhcI lD uB0cISl8B0 lhc IBCDmQIchcBSIDIIlj
IlSc. hIS IBCDmQIcDcBSIDIIlj QcISISlS 8S lDc Ch8I8ClcI D 8Il, 8B0 Il 8DBc QID-
lcClS Uc QhIDSDQhj D 8Il IDm 0DIBg VIDcBCc lD 8Il. hc gucSlIDB D CDmQIchcB-
SIDIIlj DcCDmcS uIgcBl lD lhc cXlIcmc IB lhc 8Cc D lhc CDBlcmQDI8Ij QID0uClIDB
D 8Il. DI lhc C8lcgDIj D CDmQIcDcBSIDIIlj, I Il IS BDl lD Dc SI8lc0 IB lhc SuD-
]cCl 8B0 lhuS CDB0cmBc0 lD Ic8lIVIly, QDSlu8lcS SDmclhIBg DD]cClIVcj CDmQIc-
hcBSIDc IB lhc 8IlWDIK. lhc 8IlWDIK 8SSumcS lhc cXQIcSSIDB D IBCDmQIchcBSI-
DIIlj 8B0 IB IlS B8mc 0cSUDjS IlS DWB IBlcH8 CDmQIchcBSIDIIlj, lhc U80IlIDB8
hIcI8IChj D CDmQIcDcBSIDB CD8QScS. lS Q8Cc IS l8KcB Dj IccClIDB DB 8 S
cBIgm8lIC Ch8I8ClcI. 3cl, Il IS QIcCIScj lhc SD-C8c0 IlcI8luIc D lhc 8DSuI08
Q8SlIChc CDBCcQl l8CKc0 DBlD SuCh hclcIDgcBcDuS m8lcII8 lh8l I l BDW ScIVcS DBj
lhc m1SuB0cISl8B0IBg D 8CIc 8gIccmcBl lh8l QIDVcS lh8l uB0cISl8B0IBg, mc8B-
IBg, 8B0 CDBlcBl 8Ic BDl cguIV8cBlS. hc 8DScBCc D mc8BIBg DCDmcS IBlcBlIDB,
lhDugh BDl 8W8jS WIlh lDc S8mc CDBScgucBCc. P Q8j IKc DBcSCD S Rhinccems,
DI IBSlmCc, lhDugh Il IBSISlS lh8l CDmmDB ScBSc 8CCc0c IB lhc mcl8mDQhDSIS D
QcDQc IBlD IDIBDS, QcImIlS lhc Cc8I IBcIcBCc D Wh8l uSc0 lD Dc C8c0 lhc I0c8 D
8B 8IlWDIK IB IlS IBlcH8 DQQDSIlIDB lD ShccQISh, Sl8B08I0IZc0 CDBSCIDuSBcSS, lD
WhICh lhc Wc-uBClIDBIBg IS mDIc SuCCcSSuj 808Qlc0 lh8B DBc WhD h8S BDl
CDmQclcj KcQl uQ WIlD 0DmIB8Bl IBSUumcBl8 I8lIDB8Ily. hc IBlcBlIDB D I80I-
C8 8DSuI0Ilj m8j D8Vc DIIgIB8lc0 IB 8Il S Bcc0 lD U8BS8lc lhc CDB0IlIDB D mcl8-
QhjSIC8 mc8BIBgcSSBcSS IBlD 8 8Bgu8gc D 8 lh8l WDu0 C8Sl mc8BIBg 8SI0c,
lhuS Il W8S, QcIh8QS, 8 QDcmIC8 8Cl 8g8IBSl b8IlIc, WhDSc WDIKS DImj 8B0 SuD-
]cClIVcj QDSIl lhIS mcl8QhjSIC8 cXQIIcBCc. B cCKcll lhc Bcg8lIVc mcl8QhjSIC8
CDBlcBl 8cClS lhc CDBlcBl 8DBg WIlh lhc DIm. hc WDIK 0DcS BDl, hDWcVcI,
lhcIcDj DcCDmc SDmclDIBg SImQj IBCDmQIchcuSIDc lhc Wc-DuB0c0 IcuS8 D
J48 c UKA NTKOUULON
IlS 8UlhDI lD DcI cXQ8B8lIDBS DI SD-C8!c0 SjmDDS IS 8IlhU! lD 8B 8cSlhclIC
lI80IlIDB lh8l h8S cScWhcIc DccB 0ISmISSc0. P Ic8lIDB, BDl I0cBlIlj, DQI8lcS Dc-
lWccB lhc Bcg8lIVIlj D lhc mcl8QhjSIC8 CDBlcBl 8B0 lhc CIQSIBg D lhc 8cSlhclIC
CDBlcBl. hc mcl8QhjSIC8 Bcg8lIDB BD DBgcI QImIlS 8B 8cSlhclIC DIm lh8l WD00
IlSc QID0UCc mcl8QhjSIC8! 8HIm8lIDB, 8B0 jcl lhIS Bcg8lIDB IS BcVcIlhc!cSS 8D!c
lD DcCDmc 8cSlhclIC CDBlcBl 8B0 0clcImIBc lhc DIm.
hc CDBCcQl D 8IlISlIC cXQIIcBCc, 8 CDBCcQl IBlD WhICh 8cSlhclICS IS lI8BSDImc0
8B0 WhICh Dj IlS 0cSI0cI8lUm D 0B0cISl8B0IBg IS IBCDmQ8lIDc WIlD QDSIlIVISm,
BcVcIlhccSS IB BD W8j CDIBCI0cS WIlh lhc CUIIcBlj QDQU8I CDBCcQl D WDIK
Imm8BcBl 8B8!jSIS. 3cl WDIK-Imm8BcBl 8B8jSIS, WhICh IS Sc-cVI0cBl lD MlISlIC
cXQcIIcBCc 8B0 IlS hDSlI!Ilj lD QhIDDgj, 0BQ0cSlIDB8Dj m8IKS 0cCISIVc QIDgIcSS
IB SChD8IShIQ. 8IID0S DI8BChcS D 8II SChD8IShIQ, S0Ch 8S lhc 8C80cmIC SlU0j D
mUSIC, DBj 8WDKc IDm IhcII Qh8IIS8IC8! !clh8Igj WhcB lhcj C80ghl UQ WIlh lhIS
mclhD0 I8lhcI lh8B D0SjIBg lhcmScVcS WIlh cVcQlhIBg cXCcQl Wh8l CDBCcHS lhc
SlIUClUIc D 8IlWDIKS. Ul IB IlS 808Ql8lIDB Dj SChD8IShIQ WDIK-Imm8BcBl 8B8j-
SIS, Dj VIHUc D WhICh SChD!8IShIQ hDQc0 lD CUIc IlSc D IlS 8IcBBcSS lD 8Il, h8S IB
lUH l8KcB DB 8 QDSIlIVISl Ch8I8ClcI lh8l Il W8BlS lD gD DcjDB0. hc SlIIClBcSS WIlh
WhICh Il CDBCcBlI8lcS DB IlS DD]cCl 8CIIl8lcS lhc 0ISDWBIBg D cVcIjlhIBg IB lhc
8IlWDIK lh8l~8 8Cl lD lhc ScCDB0 QDWcI~IS BDl QIcScBl, BDl SImQj lhc gIVcB
8ClS D lhc m8llcI. LVcB mDlIVIC-lhcm8lIC mUSIC8! 8B8!jScS, lhD0gh 8B ImQIDVc-
mcBl DB gID CDmmcBl8DcS, DcB SUcI Dm lhc SUQcISlIlIDB lh8l 8B8jZIBg lhc
WDIK IBlD D8SIC m8lcII8S 8B0 lhcII U8BSDD8lIDBS c80S lD lhc UB0cISl8B0IBg D
Wh8l, UBCDmQIchcB0c0 8B0 CDIIc8lIVc lD lhc 8SCclICISm D lhc mclhD0, IS g80j
Ch8!Kc0 0Q lD 8 80lj III8lIDB8Ilj. hc WDIK-Imm8BcBl 8QQIO8Ch I8 IB0cc0 BDl 8
lh8l IcmDVc0 IDm mIB0!cSS CI8, 8lhD0gh IlS 0I8gBDScS 8Ic DI lhc mDSl Q8Il
Imm8BcBl!j CDIIcCl8Dc DcC8USc lhcj SUcI IDm IBSUDCIcBl lcChBIC8 IBSIghl.
hI!DSDQhIC8! 8cSlhclICS, CDScj 8!Ic0 WIlh lhc I0c8 D WDIK-Imm8BcBl 8B8!jSIS,
h8S IlS DC8 QDIBl WhcIc WDIK-Imm8BcBl 8B8jSIS BcVcI MIIVcS. bcCDB0 IcDcClIDB
mUSl QUSh lhc CDmQcX D 8ClS lh8l WDIK-Imm8BcBl 8B8jSIS cSl8DIShcS, 8B0 IB
WhICh Il h8S IlS ImIl, DcjDB0 IlSc! 8B0 QBclI8lc lD lhc lIUlh CDBlcBl Dj mc8BS D
cmQh8lIC CIIlIQUc. DIK-Imm8BcBl 8B8jSIS IS IB IlSc B8DDW-mIB0c0, 8B0 lhIS IS
SUIcj DcC8USc Il W8BlS lD KBDCK lhc WIB0 D0l D SDCI8 IcDcClIDB DB 8Il. h8l 8Il
DB lhc DBc h8B0 CDBIDBlS SDCIclj 80lDBDmDUS!j, 8B0, DB lhc DlhcI h8B0, IS IlSc!
SDCI8!, 0cDBcS lhc 8W D IlS cXQcIIcBCc. DDcVcI cXQcIIcBCcS DBj lhc m8lcII8!
8SQCl D 8Il 8B0 QUS lhIS UQ IBlD 8B 8cSlhclICS IS QhI!ISlIBc, jcl WhDcVcI QcICcIVcS
Ml cXC!USIVcj 8S 8Il 8B0 cBSCDBCcS lhIS 8S IlS QIcIDg8lIVc 0cQIIVcS hImSc D IlS
CDBlcBl. DI lhc CDBlcBl D 8Il C8BBDl SImQj Dc 8Il, 0BcSS Il IS lD Dc Ic0UCc0 lD 8B
IB0IcIcBl l8UlDDgj. LDBlcmQ8lIDB lh8l ImIlS IlSc lD lDc 8IIWDIK 8IS Il. lS IBBcI
CDBSlIUClIDB IcQUIIcS, IB hDWcVcI mc0I8lc0 8 8ShIDB, Wh8l IS IlSc BDl 8Il.
LXQcIIcBCc 8DBc IS IB BD QDSIlIDB lD cgIS8lc 8cSUclIC8j DcC8USc 8 DDUB08Ij IS
QIcSCIIDc0 lD Il Dj lhc QhIDSDQhj D hISlDIj. cXQcIIcBCc CIDSScS lhIS ImIl Il 0c-
gcBcI8lcS IBlD cmQ8lhIC 8QQIcCI8lIDB. W8Bj 81lWDIKS D lhc Q8Sl, 8B0 8mDBg lhcm
DKAl lNTKODUCTlON . J4
lhc mDSl IcuDWuc0, 8Ic uD !DugcI lD Dc cXQcIIcuCc0 Iu 8uy Immc0I8lc 8ShIDu 8u0
8Ic0 Dy Ihc DClIDu D SuCh Immc0I8Cy. Il IS Uuc lh8l Ihc Ihylhm D hISlDIy IS
8CCccI8lIug gcDmcUIC8y, lhcu cVcu 8IlWDIKS lh8l 0D uDl IcSI0c Iu lhc 0ISI8ul
Q8Sl 8Ic DcIug Qu!c0 IulD lhIS QIDCcSS. hcy Dc8I 8 SluDDDD ScmD!8uCc D SQDul8-
ucDuS 8CCcSSIDIIIy, WhICh muSl Dc 0cSlIDyc0 lD QcImIl IhcII CDmQIchcuSIDu. PIl
WDIKS 8c 8ICh8IC Whcu lhcy C8u uD DugcI Dc cXQcIIcuCc0. hIS DDuu08Iy IS uDl
DXc0, uDI IS Il SImQ!y CDulIuuDuS, I8lhcI, Il IS I8gmcul8Iy 8u0 0yu8mIC 8u0 C8u
Dc IQucDc0 Dy ccrrespcndnce.hc 8ICh8IC IS 8QQIDQII8lc0 8S lhc cXQcIIcuCc D
Wh8l IS uDl cXQcIIculI8. hc DDuu08Iy D cXQcIIculI8Ily, hDWcVcI, IcQuIIcS lh8l
lhc Sl8IlIug QDIul D 80y SuCh 8QQIDQII8lIDu Dc lhc mD0cD. l 8Duc lhIDWS !Ighl Du
lhc Q8Sl, WhcIc8S 8C80cmIC CuSlDm DI lhc mDSl Q8l !ImIlS IlSc! lD lhc Q8Sl, Ic-
DDuu0S Dm Il, 8u0 8l lhc S8mc lImc, Dy VID!8lIug lhc 0ISl8uCc, U8uSgIcSScS lhc II-
HUIcV8Dc. LIIm8Icy, hDWcVcI, cVcu Iu lhc mDSl cXUcmc IcHS8 D SDCIcly, 8Il
IS cSScuU8y SDCI8! 80 uDl uu0cISlDD0 Whcu UIS cSScuCc IS mISuu0cISlDD0.
I8
PIlISlIC cXQIIcuCc lhcIcDy DIcIlS IlS QIcIDg8lIVcS. LuIl DI lhIS IS DDDc Dy 8
0c!uSDIy QIDCcSS lh8l l8KcS Q8Cc DlWccu lhc C8lcgDIIcS. PIlISlIC cXQcIIcuCc IS
DIDughl D IlS DWu 8CCDI0 IulD mDVcmcul Dy Ihc CDuU80IClIDu Ih8l lhc CDuSlIlulIVc
Imm8ucuc D lhc 8cSlhclIC SQhcIc IS 8l lhc S8mc lImc lhc I0cD!Dgy lh8l uu0cI-
mIucS Il. PcSlhclIC cXQIIcuCc muSl DVcISlcQ IlSc. l U8VcIScS IlS 8ulIlhclIC8 cX-
lIcmcS I8lhcI lh8u ScllIug Qc8Ccuy IulD 8 SQuIIDuS mc0I8u DclWccu lhcm. l
ucIlhcI IcuDuuCcS QhIDSDQhIC8! mDlIS, WhICh Il U8uSDImS I8lhcI lh8u 0I8WIug
CDuCuSIDuS Dm lhcm, uDI 0OS Il cXDICISc IDm IlSc! lhc SDCI8 ccmcul. Luc IS
uD mDIc cQu8 lD 8 cclhDVcu SymQhDuy WIlhDul CDmQIchcu0Iug IlS SD-C8!c0
QuIc!y muSIC8! CDuISc lh80 I Duc IS uu8D!c lD QcICcIVc Iu Il lhc cChD D lhc IcuCh
cVDulIDu, ' hDW IhcSc lWD 8SQClS 8Ic mc0I8lc0 Iu Uc QhcuDmcuDu Dc!DugS lD
lhc DDSlIu8lc 800 cQu8!y uu8VDI08Dc IhcmcS D QhIDSDQhIC8! 8cSlhcIICS. Dl cX-
QIIcuCc 8Duc Dul Duy IhDughl lh8l IS u!!y S8luI8lc0 WIIh cXQcIIcuCc IS cQu8! lD
lhc QhcuDmcuDu. 1l IS uDl DI 8cSlhclICS lD 808Ql IlSc 8CDuCcQlu8!y lD 8cSlhclIC
QhcuDmcu8. LDuSCIDuSucSS D Ihc 8uI8gDuISm DclWccu IulcIIDI 8u0 cXlcIIDI IS
IcQuISIlc lD lhc cXQcIIcuCc D 8Il. hc 0cSCIIQlIDu D 8cSIhcIIC cXQcIIcuCcS, lhcDIy
8u0 ]u0gmcul, IS IuSuCIcul. h8l IS IcQuIIc0 IS cXQcIIcuCc D WDIKS I8lhcI lh80
IhDughlS SImQ!y 8QQ!Ic0 lD lhc m8IIcI, ycl uD mWDIK 80cQu8lcy QIcSculS IlSc! 8S
Immc0I8lc!y gIVcu, uDuc IS lD Dc uu0cISlDO SUICl!y Du IlS DWu lcImS. P!! WDIKS
8Ic DImc0 Iu lhcmScVcS 8CCDI0Iug lD lhcII DWu DgIC 8u0 CDuSISlcuCy 8S muCh 8S
lhcy 8Ic ccmcuIS Iu lhc CDulcXl D SQIIIl 8u0 SDCIcly. hc lWD 8SQcClS 8c uDl lD
Dc uc8ly ScQ8I8lc0, 8S IS Ihc SCIculIHC h8DIl. Iuc CDuSCIDuSucSS D lhc cXlcD8!
WDI!0 Q8IlICIQ8lcS Iu lhc WDIK S Imm8ucul CDhcIcuCc, Ihc SQIIIlu8! 8u0 SDCI8!
Sl8u0QDIul D 8u 8IlWDIK C8u Duy Dc 0ISCcDc0 Du lhc D8SIS D IlS IulcD8! CIySl8-
!IZ8lIDu. hcH IS uDlhIug 8IlISlIC8!!y Uc WhDSc Ulh IS uDl !cgIlIm8lc0 Iu 8u DVcI-
8IChIug CDulcXl, 8u0 lhcIc IS uD 8IlWDIK WhDSc CDuSCIDuSucSS IS Uuc Ih8l 0DcS uDl
QIDVc IlSc Iu lcImS D 8cSIhclIC Qu8!Ily. hc KIlSCh D lhc bDVIcl DDC S8yS SDmc-
lhIug 8DDul lhc uulIulh D lhc QD!IlIC8! C8Im lh8l SDCI8! Uulh h8S Dccu 8ChIcVc0
30 | DKF NTKOUULTON
lhcIc. lhc mD0c D 8cSlhclIC uu0cISl8u0Iu_ IS 8 CDmQDDmcul lh8l mDVcS Im-
m8uculy WIIhIu lhc 8IlWDIK, 8u0 I uu0cISl8u0Iu_ IS 08m8_c0 8S SDDu 8S CDu-
SCIDuSucSS cXIlS lhIS SQhcIc, Ihcu CDuSCIDuSucSS muSl Iu Icu Icm8Iu CDuSl8uly
mDDIc DDlh IulcD8y 8u0 cXlcD8y lD lhc WDIK, Iu SQIlc D lhc DQQDSIlIDu lD
WhICh lhIS mDDIIly D lhDu_hl cXQDScS IlSc. D WhDcVcI Icm8IuS SlICUy IulcI
u8, 8Il WI uDl DQcu IlS cycS, 8u0 WhOVcI Icm8uS SUCly cXlcD8 0ISlDIlS 8Il-
WDIKS Dy 8 8CK D 8DuIly . 3cl 8cSlhclICS DcCDmcS mDIc lh8u 8 Ih8QSD0IC D8CK
8u0 DIlh DclWccu lhc lWD SI8u0QDIulS Dy 0cVcDQIu_ lhcII IcCIQIDC8 mc0I8lIDu Iu
lhc 8IlWDIK IlSc.
PS SDDu 8S lhc 8IlWDIK IS CDuSI0cIc0 IDm 8u cXlcD8 V8ul8_c, DDuI_cDIS CDu-
SCIDuSucSS lcu0S lD DcCDmc SuSQICIDuS D 8IcuucSS lD 8II, cVcu lhDu_h Iu IlS DWu
Ic8lIDu lD 8IlWDIKS DDuI_cDIS CDuSCIDuSucSS lcu0S lD 0ISQDII IlSc cXlcD8y lD
lhcm. hc SuSQICIDu muSl Dc KcQl Iu mu0 Ih8l 8IlISlIC cXQcIcuCc 8S 8 WhDc IS Iu
uD W8y 8S Immc0I8lc 8S lhc DCI8 8II IcI_IDu WDu0 h8Vc Il. LVcIy cXQcIIcuCc D
8u 8IlWDIK 0cQcu0S Du IlS 8mDIcuCc, IlS HuClIDu, 80, IlcI8y 8u0 D_uI8lIVcy, IlS
DCuS. LVcIZc8DuS u8clc lh8l IcuScS lD 80mIl lhIS 0ISlDIIS Wh8l Il CDuSI0cIS SD
hDy. m8Cl, cVcIy mWDIK, cVcu lhc hcDclIC WDIK, Ic8ChcS DcyDu0 IIS mDu80D-
D_IC8 DDuu08IcS Dy IlS DIm8 8u_u8_c. L8Ch WDIK, I Il IS lD Dc cXQcIIcuCc0,
IcQuIIcS UDu_hl, hDWcVcI Iu0Imcul8Iy Il m8y Dc, 80 DcC8uSc IhIS UDu_hl 0DcS
uDl QImIl IlSc lD Dc ChcCKc0, c8Ch WDIK ulm8lcy IcQuIIcS QhIDSDQhy 8S Uc
UIuKu_ CDmQDIlmcul lh8l 0DcS uDl SlDQ ShDIl Iu DDc0IcuCc lD lhc QIcSCIQlIDuS
SlIQu8lc0 Dy lhc 0IVISIDu D 8DDI. y VIIluc D lhc uuIVcIS8Ily D lhDu_hl, cVcIy
IcHcClIDu 0cm8u0c0 Dy lhc 8IlWDIK IS 8SD 8u cXlcD8 IcHcClIDu, IlS HuIlHucSS IS
0clcImuc0 8CCDI0Iu_ lD Wh8l Il IumIu8lcS IulcIIDI lD lhc WDIK. 1uDcIcul lD lhc
I0c8 D 8cSlhclCS IS lhc IulculIDu D HccIu_ 8Il, lhIDu_h lhcDIy, HDm IlS Iu0uI8-
lIDu, WhCh Il SucIS 8S 8 IcSul D lhc IucSC8Q8Dc 0IVISIDu D 8DDI. 1u0cISl8u0-
Iu_ 8IlWDIKS IS uDl piIDm IhcI cXQ8u8lDu uDl IDm lhcII _cuclIC cXQ8u8-
lIDu Dul IDm Ih8l D lhcII CDmQcXIDu 8u0 CDulcul, lhDu_h lhIS IS uDl lD S8y Ih8l
cXQ8u8lIDu 8u0 uu0cISl8u0Iu_ 8Ic I0culIC8. 1u0cISl8u0Iu_ h8S 8S muCh ucc0 D
lhc uDucXQ8u8lDIy cVc D lhc SQDul8ucDuS uDmcul D Ihc WDIK 8S Il 0DcS
D lhc cXQ8u8lDIy cVc, uu0cISl8u0Iu_ _DcS DcyDu0 lhc 8II uu0cISl80Iu_ D
CDuuDISScuIS. LXQ8u8lIDu IucuCl8Dy IuVDVcS lhc U8CIu_ D8CK D lhc ucW 8u0
lhc uuKuDWu lD lhc KuDWu, cVcu I Wh8l IS DcSl Iu lhc WDIK SlD__cS 8_8IuSl Il.
IlhDul SuCh Ic0uCIIDu, WhICh VID8lcS lhc WDIKS, lhcy CDu0 uDl SuIVIVc. hcII
cSScuCc, Wh8l IS uuCDmQIchcu0c0 Iu lhcm, IcQuIIcS 8ClS D I0culIDC8lIDu 8u0
CDmQIchcuSIDu, Il IS IhcIcDy 8SIDc0 8S SDmclhIu_ 8mIIM 8u0 D0. D lhIS cXlcul
lhc Ic D MlWDIKS IS ulIm8lcy CDuU80IClDIy. PcSIhclICS muSl DcCDmc CDuSCIDuS
D IhIS Q8I80DX 8u0 Il muSl uDl 8Cl 8S I IlS DQQDSIlIDu lD lI80IlIDu CDu0 0ISQcuSc
WIlh I8lIDu8 mc8uS. PcSIhcIICS mDVcS WIUIu Ihc mc0Ium D uuIVcIS8 CDuCcQlS
cVcu Iu Ihc 8Cc D lhc I80IC8y uDmIu8ISl SIlu8lIDu D 8II 8u0 Iu SQIlc D lhc ulDQI8
D lhc Q8IlICu8I lh8l 8cSlhclICS QIIZcS 8Du_ WIlh 8II. hIS IS uDl Duy lhc 0ICuly
D 8cSlhclICS Dul 8SD IlS }n0m0nlkm in re.h,Iu lhc cXQcIcuCc D lhc Ic8, Il IS
UK OUUCON | J!
lDC uuIVCIS8 lD8l IS mC0I8lC0, Iu Ml Il IS lDC Q8IlICu8I lD8l IS mC0I8lC0, ]uSl 8S
uDu8CSlDCIC KuDWC0_C, Iu IIS A8ulI8u DImu8lIDu, QDSCS lDC QuCSlIDu D lDC QDS-
SIDIIl D uuIVCIS8 ]u0_mCul, lDC QuCSlIDu QDSC0 D CVCI 8IIWDIK IS DDW, uu0CI
lDC 0DmIu8IIDu D lDC uDVCIS8, 8 Q8IlCu8I IS Iu 8u W8 QDSSIDC. JDS DIu0S
8CSlDClCS~DDWCVCI IllC IlS mClDD0 C8u 8mDuul lD SuDSumQlDu D lDC 8DSlI8Cl
CDuCCQl~lD CDuCCQlS, lDDu_D 80mlIC0 lD lDDSC WDDSC lCDS IS lDC Q8IlICu8I.
8uWDCIC, MC_CS lDCDI D lDC mDVCmCul D lDC CDuCCQl D8S IlS C_Ilm8C Iu
8CSUClICS, Il IS CDuCCDC0 WIU UC 0u8mC IC8lIDu D UC uuIVCIS8 8u0 lDC Q8I-
IICu8I, WDICD 0DS uDl ImQulC lDC uuIVCIS8 lD UC Q8IlICu8I CXlCD8 Dul SCCKS
Il I8lDCI m lDC DICC HC0S D lDC QMlCu8I IlSC. JDC uuIVCIS8 IS UC SlumDIu_
DDCK D 8Il. DCCDmu_ WD8l Il IS, 8Il C8uuDl DC WD8l Il W8ulS lD DCCDmC. u-
0IVI0u8lIDu, WDICD IS MlS DWu 8W, D8S IlS DDuu08ICS SCl D lDC uuIVCIS8. P
C80S DCDu0, 8u0 Cl uDl DCDu0, IDC WDI0 Il ICHCClS ICm8IuS WD8l Il IS DCC8uSC
Il IS mCIC ICHCClC0 D Ml. VCu 0808, 8S lDC 0CIClIC _CSluIC IulD WDICD lDC WDI0
IS U8uSDImC0 Iu lDC CDH lD SD8KC D IlS CDuCCQIu8Il, W8S 8S uuIVCIS8 8S lDC
CDI0ISD ICIlCI8lC0 0CmDuSU8lVC WDI0 lD8l 0808Sm lDDK 8S IlS mDIlD. DCIC8S
8Il 0IC8mS lDC 8DSDulC mDu80DD_IC8, Il IS DDlD D8QQI 8u0 uuD8QQI Su-
uSC0 WIlD lDC uuIVCIS8. P muSl CDuD8Cl lD UC _CDmCDIC8 QDIul D lDC 8DSDulC
1ocT 8u0 _D DCDu0 H. JDIS ImQDSC0 lDC DD]CClVC ImIl lD CXQICSSIDuISm, Ml
WDu0 D8VC DCCu CDmQCC0 lD _D DCDu0 Il CVCu I lDC MISlS D80 DCCu CSS 8C-
CDmmD8lu_. DC IC@CSSC0 DCDu0 CXQICSSIDuISm. DCuCVCI 8IIWDIKS Du lDCII
W8 lDW8I0 CDuCIClIDu QDCmIC8 CImIu8lC lDC uuIVCIS8, WDClDCI 8S 8 _CDIC, 8
lQC, 8u I0IDm, DI 8 DImu8, lDC CXCu0C0 IS m8ul8IuC0 Iu lhCm lhIDu_D IlS uC_8-
lIDu, lDIS Sl8lC D 88IS IS CDuSlIlulVC D lDC mD0CD.
uSI_Dl IulD lDC IC D lDC uuIVCIS8 Iu lDC mI0Sl D 8CSlDClIC Q8IICu8IZ8lDu,
DDWCVCI, 0IIVCS uuIVCIS8Il DDu0 lDC SCmD8uCC D lD8l Sl8lC DCIu_-Iu-IlSC
ID8l DC8IS lDC QIIm8I ICSQDuSIDIIl DI lDC SlCIIIQ D 8CSlDClIC lhCDI. JDC CII-
lIQuC D IuVM8ulS 0OS uDl 8m 8l UCII CXCuSIDu Dul, I8lDCI, CDuCCIVCS lDCm Iu
lDCII DWu VMI8DIIl. PCSlDClICS IS uDl IuVDVC0 WIlh IlS DD]CCl 8S WIlh 8 QIImDI-
0I8 QDCuDmCuDu. CC8uSC QDCuDmCuDD_ 8u0 IlS SuCCCSSDIS DQQSC CDuCCQlu8
QIDCC0uICS lD8l mDVC HDm lDC lDQ 0DWu 8S WC 8S lDDSC lh8l mDVC uQ IDm
DCDW, lDC 8IC ImQDII8ul lD 8CSlDClICS, WDICD SD8ICS Iu IhIS DQQDSIlIDu. PS 8 QDC-
uDmCuDD_ D Ml, QDCuDmCuDD_ WDu0 IKC lD 0CVCDQ 8II uCIIhCI D 0C0uCIu_
Il IDm IlS QDDSDQDIC8 CDuCCQl uDI D IISIu_ lD Il IDIDu_D CDmQ8DIIVC 8DSlDC-
lIDu, I8lDCI, QDCuDmCuDD_ W8ulS lD S8 WD8l 8II IS. JDC CSSCuCC Il 0ISCCDS IS,
DI QDCuDmCuDD_, Ml S DII_Iu 8u0 8l UC S8mC lImC lDC CIIlCIIDu D 8IlS DuIh
8u0 8SCDDD0. ul WD8l QDCuDmCuDD_ D8S CDu]uIC0 uQ Iu Ml 8S WIlD 8 W8VC D
lDC m8_IC W8u0, ICm8uS CXUCmC SuQCIDCI8 8u0 IC8lIVC HuIlCSS WDCu CDu-
IDulC0 WIlD 8Clu8 8IlWDIKS. DDCVCI W8ulS SDmClDIu_ mDIC muSl Cu_8_C 8 CVC
D CDulCul lD8l IS IuCDmQ8IIDC WIlh IhC QDCuDmCuDD_IC8 CDmm8u0mCul D QuIC
CSSCulI8Il. JDC QDCuDmCuDD_ D 8H CDmCS lD _IC Du lDC QICSuQQDSIlIDu D
IDC QDSSIDIIl D DCIu_ WIlDDul QICSuQQDSIlIDu. AmDCKS CDIlS lD IC0uCC Il lD
352 DKAl KODLCON
QuIc cSSculI8Ilj. hIS uOl Wh8l Il W8S 8lc0 lO h8Vc Dccu IOm lImc ImmcmOII8
Dul I8lhcI Wh8l Il h8S DcCOmc. l IS uO mOIc IuIlH lO QuISuc lhc QucSlIOu O lhc
Iu0IVI0u8 OIIgIu O 8IlWOIKS Iu lhc 8Cc O lhcII OD]cClIVIlj ,WhICh SuDSumcS lhc
WOIKS SuD]cClIVc ccmculS, lh8u Il IS lO Sc8ICh Oul 8IlS OWu OIIgIu. l IS uOl 8u 8C-
CI0cul Dul I8lhcI IlS 8W lh8l 8Il WIcSlc0 IlSc Hc. PIl ucVcI COmQclcj uDc0
Uc 0clcDuIu8lIOuS O IlS QuIc COuCcQl 8S Il 8CQuIIc0 lhcm 8u0 Iu0cc0 SUggc0
8g8IuSl lhcm, 8CCOI0Iug lO Y80Ij, lhc QuIcSl 8IlWOIKS 8Ic Ou uO 8CCOuul lhc hIgh-
cSl. 8Il WcIc Ic0uCc0 lO uu08mcul8 ccmculS O 8lISlIC COmQOIlmcul, SuCh 8S
lhc IuSlIuCl OI ImIl8lIOu, lhc ucc0 OI cXQIcSSIOu, OI m8gIC8 Im8gcIj, lhc IcSulS
WOu0 Dc 8IDIlI8Ij 8u0 0cIIV8lIVc. hcSc ccmculS Q8j lhcII Q8Il, lhcj mcIgc
WIlh 8Il 8u0 SuIvIVc Iu Il, Dul uOl Ouc O lhcm IS lhc WhOc O Il. PcSlhclICS IS uOl
ODIgc0 lO Scl O Ou lhc hOQccSS QucSl OI lhc QIIm8 8IChcljQc O 8Il, I8lhcI Il
muSl lhIuK SuCh QhcuOmcu8 Iu hISlOIIC8 COuSlc8lIOuS. DO ISO8lc0 Q8IlICu8I
C8lcgOIj Hj COuCcIVcS lhc I0c8 O 8Il. l IS 8 Sju0IOmc lh8l IS 0ju8mIC Iu IlSc.
MIghj mc0I8lc0 Iu IlSc, 8Il Sl8u0S Iu ucc0 O lhIuKIug mc0I8lIOu, lhIS 8Ouc, 8u0
uOl lhc QhcuOmcuOOgISlS QuIQOIlc0j OIIgIu8Ij IuluIlIOu, c80S lO 8IlS COuCIclc
COuCcQl.
2
McgcS CcuU8 8cSlhclIC QIIuCIQc, lh8l Dc8ulj IS lhc ScuSuOuS ScmD8uCc O lhc
I0c8, QIcSuQQOScS lhc COuCcQl O lhc I0c8 8S lhc COuCcQl O 8DSOulc SQIDl. Luj
I lhc 8-cuCOmQ8SSIug C8Im O 8DSOulc SQIIIl IS hOuOIc0, Ouj I QhIOSOQhj IS
8Dc lO Ic0uCc lhc I0c8 O lhc 8DSOulc lO Uc COuCcQl, WOu0 Mcgc S 8cSlhclIC
QIIuCIQc Dc COmQcIug. u 8 hISlOIIC8 Qh8Sc Iu WhICh lhc VIcW O Ic8Ilj 8S lhc
uDmcul O Ic8SOu 8mOuulS lO DOO0j 8Cc, Mcgc S lhcOIj~Iu SQIlc O lhc
Wc8lh O gcuuIuc IuSIghl lh8l Il uuOCKc0 IS Ic0uCc0 lO 8 mc8gcI OD O COuSO-
8lIOu. hIS COuCcQlIOu O QhIOSOQhj C8IIIc0 Oul 8 OIluu8lc mc0I8lIOu O hISlOIj
WIU lIulh, lhc Uulh O lhc QhIOSOQhj IlSc IS uOl lO Dc ISO8lc0 IOm lhc mISOI-
luuc O hISlOIj. LcIl8Iuj McgcS CIIlIQuc O 8ul hO0S gOO0. c8ulj lh8l IS lO Dc
mOIc lh8u SjmmclIIC8j lIImmc0 ShIuDDcIj IS uO mcIc ODu8 Ic0uCIDc lO SuD-
]cClIVc HuClIOuS O IuluIlIOu, I8lhcI, Dc8ulj S uu08mcul IS lO Dc SOughl Iu lhc OD-
]cCl. ul McgcS cOIl lO 0O lhIS W8S VIlI8lc0 DcC8uSc Il uu]uSlj QOSlu8lc0 lhc
mcl8-8cSlhclIC8 I0culIlj O SuD]cCl 8u0 OD]cCl Iu lhc WhOc. l IS uO 8CCI0cul8 8I-
Iug Ou lhc Q8Il O Iu0IVI0u8 lhIuKcIS Dul I8lhcI QIc0IC8lc0 Ou 8u OD]cClIVc 8QOII8
lh8l lO08j QhIOSOQhIC8 IulcIQIcl8lIOuS O IlcI8Ij WOIKS~cSQcCI8j Whcu, 8S Iu
McI0cggcI, QOclIC 8ugu8gc IS mjlhOOgIC8j cX8lc0~8I lO QcucU8lc lhc COu-
SlIuClIOu O lhc WOIKS lO Dc IulIQIclc0 8u0 IuSlc80 QIccI lO WOIK lhcm uQ 8S
lhc 8Icu8 OI QhIOSOQhIC8 lhcScS. PQQIc0 QhIOSOQhj, 8 QIIOII 8l8, Ic80S Oul O
WOIKS lh8l Il h8S IuVcSlc0 WIlh 8u uirO COuCIclIOu uOlhIug Dul IlS OWu lhcScS.
8cSlhclIC OD]cClIVIlj, Iu WhICh lhc C8lcgOIj O lhc Dc8ulIu IS IlSc Ouj Ouc cc-
mcul, Icm8IuS C8uOuIC8 OI 8 COuVIuCIug IcHcClIOu, Il uO OugcI 0cVOVcS uQOu 8
QIccSl8DIShc0 COuCcQlu8 SlIuCluIc 8ulcIIOI lO 8cSUclICS 8u0 DcgIuS lO hOVcI, 8S
IuCOulcSl8Dc 8S Il IS QIcC8IIOuS. hc OCuS O 8cSlhclICS h8S DcCOmc cXCuSIVcj
lhc 8u8jSIS O COulcXlS, Iu lhc cXQcIIcuCc O WhICh lhc OICc O QhIOSOQhIC8
DKF ODUCON | JJJ
SQcCu8lIDu IS 0I8Wu Iu WIlhDul 0cQcu0Iug Du 8uj DXc0 Sl8IlIug QDSIlIDuS. hc
8cSlhcDC lhcDIIcS D QhIDSDQhIC8 SQcCu8lIDu 8Ic uDl lD Dc CDuScIVc0 8S CuluI8
HDuuHculS, Dul ucIlhcI 8Ic lhcj lD Dc 0ISC8I0c0, 8u0 c8Sl D 8 Iu 8VDI D lhc Qu-
l8lIVc IHHc0I8Cj D 8IlISlIC cXQcIIcuCc. HQICIlj D0gc0 Iu MISlIC cXQcIIcuCc IS
lhc CDuSCIDuSucSS D 8H, lh8l IS, QhIDSDQhj, WIlh WhICh lhc umVc CDuSI0cI8lIDu D
WDIKS IH8gIucS Il h8S 0ISQDSc0. PIl 0DcS uDl cXISl 8S lhc Qul8lIVc IVc0 cXQcIIcuCc
D lhc SuD]Cl WhD cuCDuulcIS Il 8S 8 l8Du8 I8S8 Dul Duj WIlhIu 8u 8Ic80j 0cVc-
Dgc0 8ugu8gc D 8Il. LIVc0 cXQcIIcuCcS 8Ic Iu0ISQuS8Dc, Dul lhcj 8Ic uD Du8
CDuIl D 8cSlhclIC KuDWc0gc. IcCIScj lhDSc ccHculS D 8Il lh8l C8uuDl D l8Kcu
IHHc0I8lcj Iu DSScSSIDu 8u0 8Ic uDl Ic0uCIDc lD lhc SuD]cCl IcQuIIc CDuSCIDuS-
ucSS 8u0 lhcIcDD QhIDSDQhj. l IuhcIcS Iu 8 8cSlhclIC cXQcIIcuCc lD lhc cXlcul
lh8l Il IS uDl D8ID8IIC8j 8Icu lD 8Il. P 8W8IlS IlS DWu cXQ8u8lIDu. l IS 8ChIcVc0
HclhD0IC8j lhIDugh lhc CDuIDul8lIDu D hISlDIIC8 C8lcgDIIcS 8u0 ccHculS D
8cSlhclIC lhcDIj WIlh 8IlISlIC cXQcIIcuCc, WhICh CDIIcCl Duc 8uDlhcI IcCIQIDC8j.
Mcgc S 8cSlhcDCS gIVcS 8 Uc 8CCDuul D Wh8l ucc0S lD Dc 8CCDHQIShc0. hc 0c-
0uCDVc SjSlcH, hDWcVcI, QIcVculS lh8l 0c0IC8lIDu lD DD]cClS lh8l IS SjSlcH8lIC8j
QDSlu8lc0. McgcS WDIK Q8CcS lhDughl uu0cI 8u DDIg8lIDu, cVcu UDugh hIS
DWu 8uSWcIS 8Ic uD DugcI DIu0Iug. 1 lhc HDSl QDWcIu 8cSlhclICS ~8ulS 8u0
Mcgc SWcIc lhc uIlS D SjSlcH8lIC lIuKIug, lhc CD8QSc D lhcSc SjSlcHS h8S
lhIDWu lhcH IulD CDuHSIDu WIlhDul, hDWcVcI, 0cSUDjIug lhcH. PcSlhclICS 00S
uDl QIDCcc0 WIlh lhc CDulIuuIlj D SCIculIDC lhIuKIug. hc Q8IlICu8I 8cSlhclICS D
Ihc V8IIDuS QhIDSDQhIcS C8uuDl Dc Ic0uCc0 lD 8 CDHHDu DIHu8lIDu 8S lhcII
Uulh, I8lhcI lhcII Uulh IS lD D SDughl Iu lhcII CDuICl. D 0D SD, Il IS ucCcSS8Ij lD
IcuDuuCc lhc cD0Ilc IuSIDu lh8l 8u 8cSlhclICI8u IuhcIIlS QHDcHS IDH DlhcIS
8u0 IS uDW SuQQDSc0 lD gD C8mj lD WDIK Du lhcH. lhc I0c8 D DD]cClIVIlj Ic-
H8IuS lhc C8uDu D 8 CDuVIuCIug 8cSlhclIC IccClIDu, lhcu IlS DCuS IS lhc CDuU8-
0IClIDu D c8Ch 8u0 cVcIj 8cSlhclIC DD]cCl Iu IlSc, 8S Wc 8S lh8l D QhI!DSDQhIC8
I0c8S Iu lhcII Hulu8 Ic8lIDu. h8l 8cSlhclICS, Iu IlS 0cSIIc lD Dc HDIc lh8u Ch8IlcI,
W8ulS lD Du0 IlS W8j Dul IulD Uc DQu, culIIcj cXQDSc0, IHQDScS Du Il lhc S8CII-
DCc D c8Ch 8u0 cVcIj ScCuIIlj U8l Il h8S DDIIDWc0 DH lhc SCIcuCcS, uD Duc
cXQIcSSc0 lhIS ucCcSSIlj WIlh gIc8lcI C8u0DI lh8u lhc QI8gH8lISl JDhu cWcj. c-
C8uSc 8cSlhclICS IS uDl SuQQDSc0 lD ]u0gc 8Il DH 8u cXlcD8 8u0 SuQcIIDI V8ul8gc
QDIul, Dul I8lhCI lD hcQ IlS IulcD8 QIDQcuSIlIcS lD lhcDIclIC8 CDuSCIDuSucSS, Il
C8uuDl ScHc IulD 8 ZDuc D ScCuIIlj lD WhICh cVcIj 8IlWDIK lh8l h8S Iu 8uj W8j
SuCCcc0c0 gIVcS lhc Ic. PIlWDIKS, IIghl uQ lD lhDSc D Ihc hIghcSl cVc, KuDW lhc
cSSDu l8ughl lD lhc DuugcI WhDSc HugcIS SluHDc Du lc QI8uD KcjS DI WhD
SKclChcS C8IccSSj. hc DQcuucSS D 8IlWDIKSlhcII CIIlIC8 Ic8lIDu lD lhc QIcVI-
DuSj cSl8DIShc0, Du WhICh lhcII Qu8Ilj 0cQcu0SIHQIcS lhc QDSSIDIIlj D
CDHQclc 8IuIc, 8u0 8cSlhclICS 8Icu8lcS IlSc DH IlS DD]cCl lhc HDHcul lh8l Dj
IlS DWu DIH Il 0cCcIVcS Du lhIS SCDIc. h8l uD 8IlISl KuDWS WIlh CcIl8Iulj WhclhcI
8ujUIug WI CDHc D Wh8l hc 0DcS, hIS h8QQIucSS 8u0 hIS 8uXIclj, WhICh 8Ic
lDl8j DIcIgu lD lhc CDulcHQDI8Ij Sc-uu0cISl8u0Iug D SCIcuCc, SuD]cClIVcj
J4 . UK HOUUCON
IcgISlcIS SDmclug DD]cClIVc lDc VuucI8DIIlj D 8 8Il. Dc IuSIgDl lD8l QcIcCl
8IlWDIKS SC8ICcj cXISl DIugS IulD VIcW lc V8uISDIug QDIul D IDIS VuucI8DIIlj.
PcSlDclCS muSl uuIlc IDIS DQu VuucI8DIIlj D IlS DD]cCl WIlD lD8l DD]cCl S C8Im
lD DD]cClIVIIj 8S Wc 8S WIlD 8cSlDclICS DWu C8Im lD DD]cClIVIlj. 8cSlDclICS IS
lcHDII2c0 Dj lDc SCIculIHC I0c8 Il IcCDIS IDm lIS Q8I80DX, jcl lDIS Q8I80DX IS
8cSlDclICS VIl8 ccmcul. Dc Ic8lIDu DclWccu 0clcImIu8Cj 8u0 DQcuucSS Iu 8cS-
lclICS IS QcID8QS C8IHc0 Dj lDc 8Cl lD8l lDc W8jS 8V8I8Dc lD cXQIIcuCc 8u0
lDDugDl lD8l c80 IulD 8IlWDIKS 8Ic IuHuIlcj m8uj, jcl lDcj CDuVcIgc Iu 0ulD
CDulcul. DIS IS DDVIDuS lD MISlIC QI8XIS, 8D0 lDcDIj SDDu0 DDW Il muCD mDIc
CDScj lD8u Il D8S. DuS 8l 8 IcDc8IS8 lc HISl VIDIuISl D 8 SIIIug QuMcl lD0 8
muSICI8u WDD W8S DcQIug Dul, IDDugD DImSc uDl 8ClIVcj Q8jIug, lD CDu0IDulc
WD8lcVcI CIIlIQuc 8D0 SuggcSIIDuS OCuDc0 lD DIm, c8CD D lDcSc Icm8IKS, lD lDc
cXlcul lD8l lDcj WcIc ]uSl, 0IIcClc0 lc QHgIcSS D IDc WDIK ulIm8lcj lD lDc S8mc
QDIul, lD IDc CDDcCl QIDIm8DCc. LVcu CDu080IClDIj 8QQID8CDcS 8Ic cgIlIm8lc,
SuCD 8S lDDSc lD8l CDuCcH lDc DIm 8D0 lDDSc lD8l CDuCcH IDc Ic8lIVcj l8DgIDc
lDcm8lIC cVcS. IgDl uQ lD lDc QIcScul, 8 08uSDIm8IIDuS D 8cSlDclIC CDmQDIl-
mcul, 8S 08DSDD8lIDuS D lc CDmQDIlmcul D Ic SuD]cCl, IuVDVc0 CD8ugcS Iu
lDc IcQIcScul8lDu8 0ImcuSIDu, Iu cVcIj IuSl8uCc ucW 8jcIS cmcIgc0, WcIc 0IS-
CDVcIc0 Dj 8Il 80 808Qlc0 lD Il, WDIc DUcIS QcIISDc0. 1ulI lD8l QcIID0 WDcu
IcQIcScul8lIDu8 Q8IulIug 0cCIuc0, cVcu Iu CuDISm SlI, lDc WDIK CDu0 Dc 8Q-
QID8CDc0 Dm lc IcQIcScul8lIDu8 SI0c 8S Wc 8S IDm lD8l D QuIc DIm. PDj
8IDuIgS Slu0IcS 8u0 lDDSc D DIS SCDDD 8Ic cVI0cuCc D US. NDlI Slu0IcS, SuCD
8S cu]8mIu S Du 8u0c8IIc, 8Ic 8Dc uu0cI CcII8Iu CDu0IlIDuS lD Dc mDIc QID0uC-
lIVc 8c8lhclIC8y, lh8l I8, WIID Icgmd lO 8QCIhC8y !OIm8 Quc8lIOn8, lh8n lhc O!h-
CI8 DIm8 8D8jSIS lD8l SccmS lD D8Vc 8 CDScI Ic8lIDu lD 8H. DD8 8D8jSIS D80,
8D0 Iu0cc0 SlI D8S, muCD lD IcCDmmcu0 HDVcI 0Dgm8IIC DISlDICISm. MDWcVcI,
Dj cX08Clug 8D0 lDuS ISD8IIug lDc CDuCcQl D DIm Dm IlS 0I8cClIC WIlD IlS
DlDcI, Il Iu luD lcu0S lDW8I0 Qc0IHC8lIDu. Pl lDc DQQDSIlc cX0cmc, Mcgc lO 0I0
uDl cSC8Q lDc 08ugcI D SuCD DSSIHC8IIDu. D8l cVcu DIS SWDH cucmj IcIKcg88I0
SD 80mIIc0 DIm DI, IDc 8CCcul Dc Qul Du CDulcul [Inhlt] VIS-8-VIS DIm, 0I0 uDl
mcIcj 8uuDuuCc DQQDSIlIDu lD cmQlj 8u0 Iu0IcIcul Q8j, lD8l IS, lDc Ic8lIDu D
8Il lD 0uID, WDCD W8S DIS QHcmIucul CDuCcH. 8lDcI, 8l lDc S8mc lImc Il IcVc8c0
8u DVcIcSlIm8IDu D lDc lDcm8lIC CDulcul D 8IlWDIKS Icg8I0cSS D UcII 0I8cClIC
WIlD DIm. PS 8 IcSul, 8u 8Il-8Icu 8D0 QDIISlIDc ccmcul culcH0 McgcS 8cSUcl-
ICS, WDICD m8uIcSlS IlS 8l8 CD8I8ClcI Iu lDc 8cSlDclICS D 0I8cCIIC8 m8lcII8ISm,
WDICD Iu lDIS Icg8I0 D80 uD mDIc mISgIVIugS 8DDul Mcgc lD8u 0I0 N8IX. LI8ulc0,
QIc-McgcI8D 8D0 cVcu 8ulS 8cSlDclICS D80 uD cmQD8lIC CDuCcQl D lDc MWDIK
8u0 Iccg8lc0 Il lD lDc cVc D 8 SuDIm8lc0 mc8uS D Qc8SuIc. blI, 8ulS cm-
QD8SIS Du lDc WDIKS DIm8 CDuSlIluculS, lDIDugD WDICD Ic WDIK DcCDmcS 8Il
Iu lDc HISl Q8Cc, 0DcS mDIc DDuDI lD Uc 0uID CDuIcul D 8H lD8u Mcgc 0DcS, WDD
0IIcClj Iulcu0c0 IDIS Dul ucVcI 0cVcDQ0 Il Dul D 8Il IlSc. Dc ccmculS D
DIm, WDICD 8Ic lDDSc D SuDIm8lIDu, 8Ic~CDmQ8Ic0 lD Mcgc~SlI DDuu0 Dj
UK OUULTON | 355
lhc cIghlcculh CculuIj 8l lhc S8mc lImc lh8l lhcj 8Ic mDIc QIDgIcSSIVc 8u0 mD0-
cD, DIm8ISm, WhICh IS ]uSlj 8lIDulc0 lD 8ul, lWD huu0Ic0 jc8IS 8lcI DcC8mc
lhc VIIcul Q8SSWDI0 D 8ulI-IulccClu8 Ic8ClIDu. P lhc S8mc, 8 Wc8KucSS IS
uumISl8K8Dc Iu lhc uu08mcul8 8QQID8Ch D 8ul S 8cSlhclICS, 8QM IDm lhc
CDulIDVcISj DclWccu DIm8 8u0 SD-C8c0 CDulcul 8cSlhclICS. hIS Wc8KucSS CDu-
CcDS lhc Ic8lIDu D hIS 8QQID8Ch lD lhc SQCIDC CDulculS D lhc CIIlIguc D 8cS-
lhclIC ]u0gmcul. M8c lD hIS lhcDIj D KuDW c0gc, 8ul SccKS lD cSl8DISh ~8S
I Il WcIc DDVIDuSlhc SuD]cClIVc-lI8uSCcu0cul8 Duu08lIDu DI Wh8l hc C8c0,
Iu cIghlcculh-Ccum 8ShIDu, lhc ccIug D lhc D8ulIu. PCCDI0Iug lD lhc
Critiqaec/FareReuscn, hDWcVcI, lhc MI8ClS WDu0 Dc ccnstitatu8u0 lhuS 8
WIlhIu lhc SQhcIc D DD]cClS, 8 SQhcIc SIl8lc0 cXlcD8 lD lhc lI8uSCcu0cul8 QIDD-
cm8lIC. u lhIS SQhcIc, 8CCDI0Iug lD 8ul, l0c lhcDIj D 8Il W8S 8Ic80j QDlculI8j
8 lhcDIj D DD]cClS 8u0 8l lhc S8mc lImc 8 hISlDIIC8 lhcDIj. hc Ic8lIDu D SuD]cC-
lVIlj lD 8Il IS uDl, 8S 8ul h8S Il, lh8l D 8 DIm D Ic8ClIDu lD MWDIKS, I8lhcI, lh8l
Ic8lIDu IS Iu lhc HISl Q8Cc lhc ccmcul D 8IlS DWu DD]cClIVIlj, lhIDugh WhICh M
DD]cClS 8Ic 0ISluguIShc0 Dm DlhcI lhIugS. hc SuD]cCl IuhcIcS Iu lhcII DIm 8u0
CDulcul [Cehu/t]8u0 Duj ScCDu0Mj, 8u0 Iu 8 I80IC8j CDuUugcul 8hIDu, IuSD8I
8S QcDQc IcSQDu0 lD lhcm. P0mIllc0j, 8Il QDIulS D8CK lD 8 CDu0IlDu Iu WhICh
lhcIc W8S uD HXc0 0IChDlDmj DlWccu lhc DD]cCl 8u0 Ic8ClIDu lD Il, UIS W8S Ic-
SQDuSIDc DI mISl8KIug DImS D Ic8ClIDu U8l Mc lhcmScVcS l0c CDHc8lVc D
IcIHc0 DD]cClIDC8lIDu 8S 8 QIIDII. Il IS m8Iul8uc0 lh8l, ]uSl 8S Iu lhc Ic QIDcSS
D SDCIclj, QID0uClDu I8lhcI lh8u IcCcQlIDu IS QIIm8Ij Iu 8Il 8u0 Iu 8cSlhclICS, lhS
ImQIcS lhc CIIlIguc D lI80IlIDu8, u81Vc 8cSlhclIC SuD]cClIVISm. HcCDuISc IS uDl lD
Dc h80 lD IVc0 cXQcIcuCc, CIc8lIVc Iu0IVI0u8Ilj, 8u0 lhc IKc, I8lhcI, 8Il IS lD Dc
CDuCcIVc0 Iu 8CCDI0 WIl0 Uc DD]cClIVcj 0cVcDQIug 8WucSS D QID0uClIDu. hIS
IS 8 lhc mDIc lD D IuSISlc0 uQDu DcC8uSc lhc QIDDcm8lC~0cHuc0 Dj Mcgc~
D lhc 8cClS Icc8Sc0 Dj lhc MWDIK h8S Dccu hugcj m8guIHc0 Dj lhcII m8uIQu-
8lIDu. hc SuD]cClIVc CDulcXlS D IcCcQlIDu 8Ic cguculj luDc0, 8CCDI0Iug lD lhc
WI D lhc CuluH Iu0uSj, 8g8IuSl lhc DD]cCl lh8l IS DcIug Ic8Clc0 lD. Xcl 8Il-
WDIKS IcSQDu0 lD lhIS Dj WIl00I8WIug cVcu mDIc IulD lhcII DWu SuCluIc 8u0 lhuS
CDulIIDulc lD lhc CDulIugcuCj D lhc WDIK S ccClS, WhcIc8S Iu DlhcI hISlDIIC8
QcIID0S lhcH cXISlc0, I uDl h8ImDuj, lhcu 8l c8Sl 8 CcIl8Iu QIDQDIlIDu DclWccu
lhc WDIK 8u0 lhc IcSQDuSc Il IcCcIVc0. PIlISlIC cXQcIIcuCc 8CCDI0Iugj 0cm8u0S 8
CDmQIchcu0Iug I8UcI U8u 8u cmDlIDu8 Ic8lIDu lD lhc WDIKS, Uc SuD]cCl IuhcIcS
Iu lhcm 8u0 Iu lhcII mDVcmcul 8S Duc D lhcII ccmculS, Whcu lhc SuD]cCl cuCDuu-
lcIS lhcm Dm 8u cXlcD8 QcISQcClIVc 8u0 IcHScS lD DDcj lhcII 0ISCIQIuc, Il IS
8Icu lD 8Il 8u0 DcCDmcS lhc cgIlIm8lc DD]cCl D SDCIDDgj.
PcSlhclICS lD08j ShDu0 gD DcjDu0 lhc CDulIDVcISj DclWccu 8ul 8u0 Mcgc 8u0
uDl SImQj cVc Il. 8ulS CDuCcQl D Wh8l IS Qc8SIug 8CCDI0Iug hIlS DIm IS IcD
gI80c WIlh Icg8I0 lD 8cSlhclIC cXQcIcuCc 8u0 C8uuDl Dc IcSlDIc0. Mcgc S l0cDIj
D CDulcul [Inhu/t] IS lDD CIu0c. NuSIC CcIl8Iuj h8S 8 0clcImIu8lc CDulculWh8l
8uSQIIcS Iu Il ~8u0 jcl Il ucVcIlhccSS mDCK8 lhc I0c8 D CDulcul cu0DISc0 Dj
J5 L UK OUUCON
HCgCl. HtS Sub]CCltVtSm tS SC lCl8l, htS tdC8 C SQtttl SC 8ll-QCtV8StVC, lh8l lhC
dtCtCBlt8ltCB C SQtttl tCm tlS ClhCt, 8Bd lhuS lhC dClCImtB8ltCB C lh8l ClhCt,
dCCSBClCCmCtBlCQl8y tB htS 8CSlhCltCS.CC8uSCCt htmCVCtylhtBg QICVCS lC
bCSub]CCl,Wh8l tS SQCCtbC lClhC Sub]CCllhC SQtttl8S 8BClCmCBlC8tlWCtKS-
8hCQhtCS 8Bd C8Qtml8lCS lClhC lhCm8lIC ClCmCBl,CXCmQl tCm lhC dt8lCCltC.HC
tS BCl lC bC SQ8tCd lhC tCQtC8Ch lh8l tB htSAesthetics, tB SQtlC Cm8gBtbCCBl
tBStghlS, hC bCC8mC C8ughl uQ tB lhC QhtlCSCQhy C tCBCCltCB 8g8tBSl WhtCh hC
ShugglCd. LCBh8ty lC htS CWB lhtBKtBg, hC CllCWCd lhC QItmtltVC BClICB lh8l
CCBlCBl Ct m8lCII8l tS CtmCd Ct WCtKCd CVCt by lhC 8CSlhCltC Sub]CCl, tB 8By
C8SC hC ltKCd lC Ql8y CQttmtltVC BCltCBS 8g8tBSl tCCCltCB byW8y CtCDCCltCB.
l tS QtCCtSCly tB lhC 8tlWCtK lh8l, tB HCgClS lCtmS, CCBlCBl 8Bd m8lCtI8l muSl
8lW8yS 8ltC8dybC Sub]CCl.ltSCBy by W8y ClhtS Sub]CCltVtly lh8llhC WCtKbC-
CCmCS SCmClhtBg Cb]CCltVC, lh8l tS, ClhCt.CtlhC Sub]CCl tS tB tlSClCb]CCltVCly
mCdt8lCd, by VttluC C tlS 8tltSltC bgut8ltCB tlS CWBl8lCBlCb]CCltVC CCBlCBl
[Cehu/t] CmCtgCS.PCClhCttdC8ClhC CCBlCBl [Inhu/t]C8tlhCldS gCCd, CHCt8l
m8tXtSl8CSlhCltCSBCmCtCuBdCtSlCCdlhCdt8lCCltClh8BtluBdCtSlCCd8CSlhCltCS.
Ctm tS mCdt8lCd tB-tlSCllhtCugh CCBlCBl~BCl hCWCVCt tB SuCh 8 8ShtCB lh8l
Ctm CCBHCBlS Wh8l tS StmQly hClCtCgCBCCuS lC tl8Bd CCBlCBl tS mCdt8lCd by
Ctm, WhtlC mCdt8lCd lhC lWC muSl bC dtSltBgutShCd, bul lhC tmm8BCBl CCBlCBl
[Inhu/t] C 8tlWCtKS, lhCtt m8lCtt8l 8Bd tlS mCVCmCBl, tS uBd8mCBl8lly dtSltBCl
tCmCCBlCBl[Inhu/t]8SSCmClhtBgdCl8Ch8blC,SuCh8S 8QlCltB8Ql8yCtlhC Sub-
]CCl C 8 Q8tBltBg, WhtCh.HCgCl tB 8ll tBBCCCBCC CQu8lCd Wtlh CCBlCBl [Inhu/t] .
HCgCl, ltKC h8Bl,l8ggCdbChtBdlhC8CSlhCltC QhCBCmCB8. HCgCl mtSSCd Wh8ltS
SQCCtbC8lly8CSlhCltC, 8Bdh8BlmtSSCdtlSdCQlh8BdtChBCSS.hCCCBlCBl [Inhult]
C 8 QtClutC tS BCl StmQly Wh8l tl QCIlt8yS bul t8lhCt 8ll lhC ClCmCBlS C CClCt,
SltuClutCS, 8Bd tCl8ltCBS tl CCBl8tBS, lhC CCBlCBl C muStC tS, Ct tBSl8BCC, 8S
bChCCBbCtg Qul tl, lhC htSlCty C 8 lhCmC. hC Cb]CCl QCth8yCd m8y 8lSC CCuBl
8S 8B ClCmCBl C CCBlCBl, tB ltlCt8lutC, lhC 8CltCB Ct lhC B 8lCd SlCty m8y 8lSC
CCuBl, CCBlCBl, hCWCVCt, tS BC lCSS Wh8l 8ll C lhtS uBdCtgCCS tB lhC WCtK, lh8l
WhCtCby tl tS Ctg8BtZCd 8Bd WhCtCby tltSh8BSCtmCd.CIm 8Bd CCBlCBl 8tC BCl
lCbCCCBuSCd,bullhCy ShCuldbCHCCdtCmlhCttItgtd8BltlhCStS,WhtChtStBSu-
hCtCBl lC bClh CXlICmCS. IuBC LtCbtuCKS tBStghl lh8l HCgCl SQCltltCS 8Bd Qht-
lCSCQhyCttghltBhCtCmCtCtBlhCLciclh8BtBlhClCClutCS8BdWttltBgSdCVClCd
lClhCSCm8lCtt8l dtSCtQltBCShCldShuC 8lSC Ct HCgCl S8CSlhClICS. lh8S yCllC bC
t8tSCd lC 8B uBdtmtBtShCddt8lCCltC.Pl lhC bCgtBBtBg ClhC SCCCBd Q8tl, HCgCl S
Lcic ShCWS lh8l lhC C8lCgCtICS C tCBCCltCB h8d lhCtt CWB CIIgtB 8Bd dCVClCQ-
mCBl 8Bd yClWCtC 8ll lhC S8mC V8ltd 8S SuCh, tB lhC S8mC SQtttl PtClZSChC tBlhC
1wi/ihtc/theIdc/sdtSm8BllCd lhC my lh8lBClhtBglh8ldCVClCQS tS 8blC lCbC
huC.PCSlhCltCSmuSlm8KClhtStBStghltlSCWB.h8lSClStlSCluQtB8CSlhCltCS8S
8B ClCm8lBCtmtS,tBlh8ltlbCC8mC Wh8ltltS,h8BStlCty8BdCbSClClCby VtIluCC
tlSCWBCl8tmlC tmmCIl8ltly. y CCBh8Sl,hCWCVCt,lhCCCBlCmQCt8tyCXtgCBCtCS
8BdBCtmSlh8ltSSuCHCmlhCdyB8mtC ChtSlCIy8tCBCl8CCtdCBl8l 8Bd 8tbth8ty
DKAF lNTKODUCTlON c J7
but, by Vrtuc O thcr hstOrOaI OOntcnt [Cehult] ,ObcOtVc, what s cphcmcraI n
acsthctOs s what s HXcd, ts skclctOn. AcsthctOs s undcr nO OblgatOn tO dcduOc
thc ObcOtVty O ts hstOrOal OOntcnt [Cehult] n hstOrOzng ashOn, as bcng
thc ncVtablc rcsuIt O thc OOursc O hstOry, rathcr, ths ObcOtVty s tO bc
graspcd aOOOrdng tO thc Orm O that hstOrOaI OOntcnt. t s nOt, as thc trVal par-
adgm wOuId haVc t, that acsthctOs mOVcs and s uansOrmcd n hstOry. HstOry
s mmancnt tO thc truth OOntcnt O acsthctOs. Or ths rcasOn t s thc task O thc
hstOrOOphlOsOphOal analyss O thc stuatOn tO brng tO lght n a rgOrOus ash-
On what was Ormcrly hcld tO bc thc aprOr O acsthctOs. Jhc slOgans that wcrc
dstllcd Out O thc stuatOn arc mOrc ObcOtVc than thc gcncral nOrms aOOOrdng
tO whOh, as s phlOsOphOal OustOm, thcy arc tO usty thcmsclVcs, Ocrtanly t
nccds tO b shOwn that thc uuth OOntcnt O grcat acsthctO mancstOs and smlar
dOOumcnts has takcn thc plaOc OnOc hcld by phlOsOphOal acsthctOs. Jhc acsthct-
Os that s nccdcd tOday wOuld bc thc scI-OOnsOOusncss O thc uuth OOntcnt O
what s radOally tcmpOral . Jhs OlcarIy dcmands, as thc OOuntcrpOnt tO thc anaIy-
ss O thc stuatOn, that uadtOnal acsthctO OatcgOrcs bc OOnrOntcd wth ths
analyss, t s cXOlusVcly ths OOnrOntatOn that brngs thc artstO mOVcmcnt and
thc mOVcmcnt O thc OOnOcpt ntO rclatOn.
Jhat tOday a gcncral mcthOdOlOgy OannOt, s OustOmary, prcaOc thc cHOrt
O rcOOnOcVng acsthctOs, s tscI O a part wth mcthOdOlOgy. Jhc gult Or ths
s bOmc by thc rclatOn bctwccn thc acsthctO ObcOt and acsthctO thOught. Jhc
nsstcnOc On mcthOd OannOt bc strngcntly mct by OppOsng anOthcr mcthOd tO
thc Onc alrcady apprOVcd. bO lOng as thc wOrk s nOt cntcrcd-n kccpng wth
LOthc` s maXmas a Ohapcl wOuld bc cntcrcd, aIl thc tak abOut ObcOtVty n
mattcrs O acsthctOs, whcthcr t bc thc ObcOtVty O artstO OOntcnt Or that O ts
knOwlcdgc, rcmans purc asscr|On. Jhc Ohattcrng, autOmatcd ObcOtOn that n-
ssts that Olams tO ObcOtVty arc OnIy subcOtVc OpnOns, Or that thc acsthctO
OOntcnt n whOh acsthctOs that ams at ObcOtVty tcrmnatcs s nOthng but prO-
cOtOn, Oan bc mct ulIy OnIy by thc prOO O ObcOtVc artstO OOntcnt n artwOrks
thcmsclVcs. Jhc hlHlImcnt O ths prOO Icgtmatcs mcthOd at thc samc tmc that
t prcOludcs ts suppOstOn. acsthctO ObcOtVty wcrc prcsuppOscd as thc ab-
straOt unVcrsaI prnOplc O thc ulhIlmcnt O thc mcthOd, wthOut suppOrt rOm
any systcm, t wOuId bc at a dsadVantagc, thc truth O ths ObcOtVty s OOnst-
tutcd by what OOmcs latcr, n thc prOOcss O ts dcVcIOpmcnt, nOt by what s smpIy
pOstcd. Jhc prOOcss has nOthng but thc dcVcIOpmcnt O uuth tO OppOsc as a prn-
Oplc tO thc nsumOcnOy O thc prnOplc. Lcr|anly thc uIhlImcnt O acsmctO
ObcOtVty rcgurcs OrtOal rccOtOn On prnOplcs. Jhs prOtcOts t hOm rrcspOn-
sblc OOncOturc. bprt that undcrstands artwOrks, hOwcVcr, wards O ts hubrs
thrOugh thc strcngth O ObcOtVatcd sprt, whOh ar|wOrks aOtualIy alrcady arc n
thcmscIVcs. What sprt rcgurcs O subcOtVc sprt s that sprt`s Own spOn-
tancty. Jhc knOwlcdgc O art mcans tO rcndcr ObcOtHcd sprt OnOc agan Hud
thrOugh thc mcdum O rccOtOn. AcsthctOs must, hOwcVcr, takc Oarc nOt tO bc-
JB . UK HOUULON
IcVc lD8l Il 8CDIcVcS IlS 8HBIlj lD 8Il Dj 8S I WIlD 8 Q8SS D 8 m8gIC W8B0
8B0 cXCu0IBg CDBCcQlu8 0clDuIScBuBCI8lIBg WD8l 8Il IS. Dc mc0I8lc0BcSS D
lDDugDl IS Qu8Il8lIVcj 0IcIcBl IDm lD8l D 8IlWDIXS. D8l IS mc0I8lc0 IB 8Il,
lD8l lDIDugD WDICD Uc 8IlWDIX DcCDmcS SDmcUIBg DlDcI UM IlS mcIc 8CH8Ilj ,
muSl Dc mc0I8lc0 8 ScCDB0 lImc Dj IcHcClIDB. lDIDugD lDc mc0Ium D lDc CDBCcQl.
JIS SuCCcc0S, DDWcVcI, BDl lDIDugD lDc 0ISl8BCIBg D lDc CDBCcQl IDm lDc 8tlIS-
lIC 0cl8I, Dul Dj lDDugDl S luD lDW8I0 Il. DcB, ]uSl DcDIc lDc CDSc D lDc HISl
mDVcmcBl D cclDDVcB S SDB8l8 LesAdieu, 8B cV8BcSCcBlj HcclIBg 8SSDCI8-
lIDB SummDBS uQ IB lDc CDuISc D lDtcc mc8SuIcS lDc SDuB0 D lIDllIBg DDIScS, lDc
SWIlj V8BISDIBg Q8SS8gc, lDc SDuB0 D 0IS8QQ8I8BCc, WDICD CDBDuB0S 8Bj c-
DIl lD QIB Il 0DWB 8BjWDcIc IB lDc CDBlcXl D lDc QDI8Sc, S8jS mDIc D lDc DDQc D
Ic0 lD8B WDu0 Mj gcBcI8 IcHcClIDB DB Uc cSScBCc D lDc HcclIBgj cB0uIIBg
SDuB0. LBj 8 QDIDSDQDj lD8l CDu0 gI8SQ SuCD mICIDDgIC8! hguIcS IB IlS IBBcI-
mDSl CDBSlIuClIDB D lDc 8cSlDclIC WDDc WDu0 m8Xc gDD0 DB WD8l Il QIDmIScS.
tDI lDIS, DDWcVcI, 8cSlDclICS muSl IlSc Dc IBlcD8j 0cVcDQc0, mc0I8lc0 lDDugDl.
1 8cSlDclICS, BcVcIlDccSS, W8Blc0 lD CDB]uIc uQ lDc ScCIcl D 8Il WIlD QIIm8
WDI0S, Il WDu0 HCcIVc DI IlS UDuDc BuIlIcS, l8ulDDgIcS, DI 8l DcSl DIm8 CD8I-
8ClcOSlICS IDm WDICD lD8l VcIj cSScBCc cV8QDI8lcS lD8l IS uSuIQc0 Dj IBguISlIC
Sljc 8B0 lDc C8Ic DI DIIgIBS. DIDSDQDj IS BDl 8S uCXj 8S Lc0IQuS, WDD IDcV-
DC8Dj 8BSWcIc0 lDc QuZZc QDSc0 lD DIm, cVcB I Uc DcID S uCX QIDVc0 0cu-
SIDB8!. cC8uSc lDc cBIgm8lIC8BcSS D 8Il IS 8IlICu8lc0 DBj IB lDc CDBSlc8lIDB
D c8CD Q8IlICu8I WDIX, Dj VIIluc D IlS lcCDBIC8 QIDCc0uIcS, CDBCcQlS 8Ic BDl
D0j lDc 0IDCulj IBDcIcBl IB lDcII 0cCIQDcImcBl Dul 8SD lDcII CD8BCc DI 0cCI-
QDctmcBl. PCCDI0IBg lD IlS DWB cSScBCc, B IlS Q8tlICu8tIZ8IIDB, 8tl IS mDtc lD8B
SImQj IlS Q8IlICu8IIlj, Il IS mc0I8lc0 cVcB IB IlS Immc0I8Cj, 8B0 lD lDIS cXlcBl Il
D8IS 8B ccClIVc 8DBIlj WIlD CDBCcQlS. LDmmDB ScBSc ]uSI!j 0cm8B0S lD8l 8cS-
lDclICS BDl cBVcDQ IlSc IB 8 Sc-cBCDSIBg BDmIB8ISm 0cVDlc0 SUICI!j lD lDc
Q8IlICum 8B8jScS D mlWDIXS, DDWcVcI IB0ISQcBS8Dc Uc 8cI m8j Dc. DcIc8S
Il muSl BDl cl IlS Icc0Dm lD SIBgu8IIlj 8UDQDj, ScCDB0 IcHcClIDB~WDDSc DDuI,
IB 8cSlDclICS, D8S IB0cc0 CDmcmDVcS IB 8 mc0Ium IcmDVc0 Dm 8IlWDIXS.
IlDDul SDmc U8Cc D IcSIgB8lIDB m lDc 8Cc D IlS uB0ImIBISDc0 I0c8!, 8cSlDclICS
WDu0 DcCDmc lDc VIClIm D lDc CDImcI8 D CDBCIclcBcSS lD8l IS lDc CDBCIclcBcSS
D 8H 8B0 cVcB lDcIc IS BDl DcjDB0 SuSQICIDB Dul IS IB BD W8j lDc CDBCIclcBcSS
D lDcDIj. PS 8 QIDlcSl 8g8IBSl 8DSU8ClIBg 8B0 C8SSIjIBg QIDCc0uIcS, 8cSlDclICS
8 lDc S8mc IcQuIIcS 8DSU8ClIDBS 800 IB0cc0 D8S 8S IlS DD]cCl lDc C8SSIhC8lDIj
gcBIcS. PIl S gcBIcS, DDWcVcI IcQIcSSIVc Ucj DcC8mc, 8Ic BDl SImQj ]utasvccis,
cVcB lDDugD lDc DQQDSIlIDB lD uBIVcIS8 CDBCcQlu8Ilj IS uB0McBl8 lD 8Il. LVcIj
mlWDIX, cVcB I Il QIcScBlS IlSc 8S 8 WDIX D QcIcCl D8ImDBj, IS IB IlSc lDc
BcXuS D 8 QIDDcm. PS SuCD Il Q8IlICIQ8lcS IB DISlDIj 8B0 UuS DVcISlcQS IlS DWB
uBIQucBcSS. 1B lDc QIDDcm BcXuS D c8CD 8B0 cVcIj 8IlWDIX, WD8l IS cXlcD8! lD lDc
mDB80, 8B0 lD8l WDcIcDj Il IS CDBSlIlulc0, IS Sc0ImcBlc0 IB Il. hIS IB lDc 0ImcB-
SIDB D DISlDIj lD8l lDc IB0IVI0u8 8cSlDclIC DD]cCl 8B0 IlS CDBCcQl CDmmuBIC8lc.
DKl lNTODULlON . 3
MISlDIj IS IucIcul lD 8cSlclIC lcDQ. lS C8lcgDIIcS 8Ic I80IC8j ISlDIIC8, lhIS
cu0DWS IlS 0cVcDQmcul WIl 8u ccmcul D CDcICIDu l8l, gIVcu IlS IuSDIj 8S-
QcCl, Sl8u0S Iu uCC0 D CIIlICISm jcl ucVcIUccSS 8S cuDug DICc lD DIc8X lc
D0 D 8u 8cSlDclIC Ic8lIVISm l8l IucVIl8Dj QDIU8jS 8Il 8S 8u 8IDIU8Ij ]uXl8-
QDSIlIDu D 8IlWDIXS. MDWcVcI 0uDIDuS Il IS HDm lc QISQCClIVc D lc lcDIj
D XuDWc0gc lD S8j D 8u MWDIX, DI Iu0cc0 D 8Il 8S 8 WDc, l8l Il IS ucCcS-
S8Ij ~uD 8IlWDIX muSl uuCDu0IlIDu8j cXISl~lcII Ic8lIDu lD c8C DlcI IS
ucVcIlccSS mul08j CDu0IlIDuIug, 8u0 lIS IS cVI0cul Iu lcII IulcH8 CDmQSIDDu.
c CDuSlIuClIDu D SuC QIDDcm ucXuScS c80S lD W8l 8Il 8S jcl lD DCDmc 8u0
lD8l Iu WIC 8cSlhclICS WDu0 ulIm8lcj 8Vc IlS DD]cCl. c CDuCIclc ISlDIIC8
SIlu8lIDu D M ICgISlcIS CDuCIclc 0cm8u0S. PcSlclICS DcgIuS WIlh ICHcClIDu Du
lcm, Duj lIDug lcm 0DcS 8 QcISQcClIVc DQCu Du W8l 8Il IS. DI 8D 8R0 8Il-
WDIXS 8Ic cXCuSIVcj W8l lcj 8Ic 8Dc lD DcCDmc. u lh8l uD 8IlWDIX IS C8Q8Dc
D IcSDVIug IlS Imm8Rcul lcuSIDu uj, 8u0 Iu l8l ISlDIj ulIm8lCj 8ll8CXS cVcu
lc I0c8 D SuC IcSDuDDu, 8cSlhclIC lcDIj C8uuDl IcSl CDulcul WIl Uc IulcQIc-
l8lIDu D gIVcu 8DWDIXS 8u0 lcII CDuCcQl. j luDIRg lDW8I0 lcII Ulh CDulcul,
8cSlclICS IS CDmQc0~8S QIDSDQj~DcjDu0 Ic WDIXS. 1hc CDuSCIDuSucSS
D lc Ul D 8IlWDIXS IS, QIcCIScj 8S QIDSDQIC8 Uul, Iu 8CCDI0 WIl lhc 8Q-
Q8Iculj mDSl cQcmcI8 DIm D 8cSlclIC IcHcClIDu, Uc m8RIcSlD. 1hc QIIuCIQc
D mclhD0 cIc IS l8l Igl SDu0 Dc C8Sl Du 8 8Il HDm lDc V8ul8gc QDIul D
lc mDSl IcCcul MlWDIXS, I8lcI l8u lc IcVcISc, DDWIug lc CuSlDm D hISlDII-
CISm 8u0 QIDDgj, WIC, DDuIgcDIS 8l c8Il, QIccIS lh8l uDlIug cVcI C8Rgc.
NMCIj S lcSIS IS lIuc lh8l lc DcSl Iu Uc ucW CDDcSQDu0S lD 8u D0 uCC0, lhcu lc
mDSl 8ulculIC WDIXS CIIlIgucS D Q8Sl WDIXS. PcSlhclICS DCCDmcS uDIm8lIVc
Dj 8IIICu8Dug SuC CIIlICISm. JIS, DWcVcI, 8S IclID8ClIVc DICc, 8R0 Hm Il
8Duc IS Il QDSSIDc lD cXQcCl W8l gcucI8 8cSlclICS DcIc0 mcIcj 8S 8 DQC 8u0
8 S8m.
1i agc intcntional( lcf b/ank
UIlOIS` FlCIWOIU
Crc|c| Acrnc cn Rcq !iccmcnn
P0DDD S mcl8QDDI DI WDIXS D M 8QQIcS IlcI8j lD IDc 8Sl QDIDSDQDIC8 lcXl
DB WDICD Dc WDIXc0. Dc I8gmcBl IS IDc IBUuSIDB D 0c8ID IBID IDc WDIX. DIc
0cS0DjIBg Il, II IcmDVcS Uc SI8IB D ScmD8BCc. Dc IcXI D Aesthetic1hecj,8S
Il W8S IB PuguSl VV, WDICD lDc c0IlDIS QIcScBl DcIc 8S 8IIDuj 8S QDSSIDc, IS
IDc IcXI D 8 wcrkinpmress; lDIS IS BDI IDc DIm IB WDICD P0DDD WDu0 D8Vc
QuDISDc0 lDIS DDDX. bcVcI8 08jS DcDIc DIS 0c8lD Dc WIDlc IB 8 cllcI ID8I lDc hB8!
VcISIDB SlI Bcc0c0 8 0cSQcI8lc cDIl DuI ID8I D8SIC8j II IS BDW 8 m8lIcI D
DIg8BIZ8IIDB 8B0 Dm0j lD8l D IDc SuDSl8BCc D lDc DDDX. L IDIS SuDSl8BCc, 8C-
CDI0IBg ID P0DDD, cSScBlI8!j cVcIjlDIBg IS, 8S DBc S8jS, 8 IDcIc. Dc Icm8IB-
IBg HB8 IcVISIDB, WDICD P0DDD DDQc0 ID HBISD Dj lDc mI00c D VJ, WDu0
D8Vc IBVDVc0 muCD SDIlIBg D Q8SS8gcS WIlDIB lDc lcXl 8S Wc 8S 8DDIcVI8IIDBS
D Il, lDc IBScIlIDB D lDc I8gmcBlS CDcClc0 DcIc 8S lDc 8I8IQDmcB8 D80 DccB
IcScIVc0 DI lDIS hB8 IcVISIDB, 8B0 lDc LI8l 1BUD0uClIDB WDu0 D8Vc DccB
IcQ8Cc0 Dj 8BDlDcI. tIB8!j, P0DDD WDu0 D8Vc ImQIDVc0 m8Bj SljISlIC 0cl8IS.
DuS IDc WDIX 8S 8 WDDc Icm8IBc0 8 IDISD ID8I, 8DBg WIlD NeutiveDiulectics'
8B0 8 VDumc Q8BBc0 DB mDI8! QDIDSDQDj, WI SDDW WD8l 1 D8Vc lD lhIDW
IBlD lDc SC8c.^ 1 lDc CDmmcBl 0DcS IB]uSlICc lD P0DDD S DlDcI DDDXS, IDm
Kierkeuurd. Ccnstracticn c/ the Aesthetic

lD A/bun eran IB]uSIICc lD8l

DBj lDc 8ulDDI CDu0 QDSSIDj QDSScSS Uc SIgDlcSI IIgDI ID IBICI~II 8 lDc S8mc
gIVcS 8 ScBSc D whutWDIX W8S IBlIu0c0 uQDB, whutWDIX DIDXcB D. tDI cVcB I
lDc I8gmcBl8Ij 8CCIucS 8S cXQIcSSIDB ID IDc WDIX IDc cXQIcSSIDB D lDc CII-
lIguc D WD8I IS SjSlcm8lIC8j HXc0 8B0 CDSc0 IB IISc, IDc CIIIIguc lD8l mDSI uB-
08mcBl8j mDIIV8IcS P0DDD S QDIDSDQDj 8B0 IcmDVcS IDc SI8IB D ScmD8BCc
Jl
32 . EDORS' ARWORD
Iu WhICh, 8CCDI0Iu_ lD P0DHD S IuSI_hl, 8 SQIIIl ucCcSS8IIj DcCDmcS cuSu8Ic0,
SlI UIS h8I0j CD0ulcID88uCcS lhc 0cSH0ClIDu lD WhICh Uc lcXl D Aesthetic1he-
cjlcSlIHcS. P0DHD cmQDjS lhc CDuCcQl D lhc H8_mcul Iu 8 0D0Dc ScuSc. Mc
mc8uS Du lhc Duc h8u0, SDmclhIu_ QID00ClIVc. lh8l lhcDIIcS lh8l Dcm 8 SjSlcm8lIC
IulculIDu m0Sl CD8QSc Iu I8_mculS Iu DI0cI lD Icc8Sc lhcII Ulh CDulcul. Dlh-
Iu_ D lhc SDIl hD0S DI lhc AestheticDecj.1lS H8_mcul8IIucSS IS lhc IuUSIDu
D 0c8lh IulD 8 WDIK DcDIc Il h80 culIIcj Ic8IZc0 IlS 8W D DIm. LSSculI8 lD
P0DHD S QhIDSDQhj 8S 8 WhDc IS lh8l uD mc8uIu_ Dc cXlI8Clc0 IDm lhc I8V8_cS
D 0c8lh lh8l WD00 QcImIl CD0SIDu WIlh lhcm. WD DID_I8QhIC8 I8_mculS D
CDmQ8I8Dc I8uK hc0 cmIucul ImQDIl8uCc DI P0DHD. I_hl 0Q lD lhc cu0 D hIS
Ic hc IcHSc0 lD 8CQ0IcSCc lh8l cu]8mIu S ArcudesFrc]ectW8S DcjDu0 S8VIu_
DI lh8l lhc IuSlIumcul8lIDu D cI_ S La/ah80 lD Icm8Iu IuCDmQclc. PS Illc 8S 8u
c0IlIDu D Aesthetic1hecjC8u 0IS_0ISc lhc I8_mcul8Ij Ch8I8ClcI D lhc WDIK, DI
ShD00 cVcu 8llcmQl lD 0D SD, Il IS ]0Sl 8S ImQDSSIDc lD Dc IcCDuCIc0 WIlh Il. hcIc
IS uD 8CQ0IcSCIu_ Iu SDmclhIu_ lh8l IS IuCDmQclc mcIcj DcC80Sc D CDulIu_cuCj,
8u0 jcl lI0c D0cIlj, WhICh P0DHD hImSc QI8ClICc0 IuCDmQ8I8Dj, QIDhIDIlS lh8l
h8u0S Dc 8I0 Du lhc I8_mcul8Ij lD CDmQclc Il.
P0DHD IcS0mc0 hIS lc8ChIu_ 8l lhc LuIVcISIlj D I8uK0Il Iu lhc WIulcI ScmcSlcI
D V4VVJ, 8u0 8Ic80j Iu lhc S0mmcI lcIm VJ hc hc0 8 ScmIu8I Du 8cSlhcl-
ICS. 1u lhc DDWIu_ jc8IS hc cCl0Ic0 D0I mDIc lImcS Du lhc S8mc lDQIC, lhc Hu8
CD0ISc cXlcu0Iu_ DVcI lhc S0mmcI 8u0 WIulcI lcImS D VJ V, Whcu 8I_c
Q8IlS D lhc Aesthetic 1hecjWcIc 8Ic80j WIIllcu. IcCIScj Whcu hc CDuCcIVc0
lhc Q8u DI 8 DDDK Du 8cSlhclICS IS uDl KuDWu, DCC8SIDu8j P0DHD SQDKc D Il 8S
Duc D lhc QID]cClS lh8l Vc Dccu Q0llIu_ D mj WhDc Ic. Mc Dc_8u m8KIu_
uDlcS DI lhc Q8uuc0 8cSlhclICS Iu J0uc VJ 8l lhc 8lcSl. c WISh D hIS Icu0
clcI b0hIK8mQ, WhD 0Ic0 Iu VJV, lD h8Vc 8u 8cSlhclICS Dm P0DHD DI hIS
QIcSS, m8j h8Vc CDulIID0lc0 lD Uc CDuCIcDZ8lIDu D lhc QID]cCl. NDIc ImQDIl8ul,
DDVID0Sj, W8S P0DHD S IulculIDu D Iulc_I8lIu_ hIS I0c8S Du 8cSlhclICS 8u0 lD 0c-
VcDQ 8S 8 lhcDIj Wh8l 0ulI lhcu hc h80 uDl8lc0 Iu hIS m8uj WIIlIu_S Du m0SIC 8u0
IlcI8l0Ic. hcSc I0c8S h80 Dlcu Dccu l8Kcu lD Dc, I uDl 0DWuII_hl Ih8QSD0IC, lhcu
mcIc H8ShcS D IuSI_hl. hc QIIm8Cj D S0DSl8ulIVc lhD0_hl Iu P0DHDS QhIDSD-
Qhj m8j h8Vc DDCKc0 8uj VIcW D lhc 0uIlj D hIS QhIDSDQhIC8 CDuSCID0SucSS.
DI P0DHD lhc m8lcII8 Sl00IcS Du 8Il CDmQIISc uDl 8QQIC8lIDuS D0l I8lhcI Iu-
lc_I8 ccmculS D 8cSlhclIC lhcDIj IlSc.Lu N8j 4, V , P0DHD Dc_8u lD
0ICl8lc lhc DISl VcISIDu D Aesthetic 1hecj,WhICh CDuSISlc0 D Ic8lIVcj ShDIl
Q8I8_I8QhS. hc WDIK W8S SDDu DIDKcu D Iu 8VDI D NeutiveDiu/ectics.PlcI
lhIS W8S DuIShc0 Iu lhc S0mmcI D V, P0DHD 0u0cIlDDK 8 ucW VcISIDu D lhc
8cSlhclICS Du LClDDcI ZJ, V. hc 0IVISIDu IulD Q8I8_I8QhS _8Vc W8j lD Duc Dj
Ch8QlcIS. Mc 0cVDlc0 _Ic8l cDIl lD lhc SChcm8lIZ8lIDu, 8 0cl8Ic0 0ISQDSIlIDu D
lhc DDDK. PIc80j Dj lhc cu0 D J8u08Ij VJ, 8QQIDXIm8lcj Duc D0Ilh D lhc
lcXl h80 Dccu CDmQclc0 Iu 0ICl8lIDu. LICl8lIDu CDulIu0c0 lDID0_hD0l VJ. NDIc
DI cSS 8S 8u 8SI0c P0DHD WIDlc Sl00IcS S0Ch 8S lhc IulID00ClIDu lD L0IKhcIm`
EDHORS` AERWORD . 33
and thc prcaOc tO thc sclcOtOn O KudOl BOrOhardt's pOcms. AOOOrdng tO a dmy
nOtc, Jhc rOugh dOtatOn O Aesthetic 1hecjwas hnshcd` On OcOcmbcr ZJ,
lV7, thc cnuy appm tO haVc bcn prcmaturc, hOwcVcr, Or On !anumy 8, !V8, hc
wrOtc n a lcttcr, Jhc rOugh drat s almOst OOmplctc,` and On !anuary Z4 hnally,
Mcanwhlc haVc Hnshcd thc hrst drat O my bg bOOk On acsthctOs.`-Jhc
dOtatcd VcrsOn OOmprscs, aIOng wth thc ntrOduOtOn, scVcn Ohaptcrs cnttlcd.
bIuatOn,` What P Was, Or n rmal HstOry,` Matcralsm,` NOmnal-
sm,` bOOcty,` WatOhwOrds,` and MctaphysOs.` Wth Ihc cXOcptOn O scV-
craI paragraphs, thc lVl tcXt was whOlly subsumcd n thc ncw VcrsOn. But cVcn
Ihs ncw VcrsOn s sOarOcly rcOOgnzablc n mc hnal drat that s publshcd hcrc.
AdOmO OOmmcntcd n a lcIIcr On thc prcparatOn O thc Hnal VcrsOn n rclatOn tO
thc Hrst drat. nly mcn dOs thc rca task bcgn, that s, thc HnaI rcVsOn, Or mc
thc scOOnd drats atc always thc dcOsVc cOrt, thc hrst Only asscmblcs thc raw
matcral . . . . Jhcy arc an Organzcd scl-dcOcptOn by whOh mancuVcr myscl
ntO thc pOstOn O thc OrtO O my Own wOrk, thc pOstOn that s Or mc always
thc mOst prOduOtVc.` n Ihc OrtOaI rcVsOn O Aesthetic 1hecj, hOwcVcr, t
tumcd Out that ths tmc thc scOOnd drat was tscl Only a prOVsOnal VcrsOn.
Atcr OOmplctOn O thc draU thc wOrk Oamc tO a halt. AdOmO hcd hs attcn-
tOn tO sOOOlOgOal cssays suOh as thc kcynOtc addrcss Or thc l th LOngrcss O
Lcrman bOOOlOgsts md thc nuOduOtOn tO thc FcsitivismDispate in Cemun
Scciclc;' at Ihc samc tmc hc wrOtc thc bOOk On Bcrg. AdOmO always tOOk
Ihcsc dsuaOtOns rOm hs man task` as saIutary OOrrcOtVcs. n addtOn, hOw-
cVcr, thcrc wcrc thc dsOussOns wth thc studcnt prOtcst mOVcmcnt and a grOwng
nVOlVcmcnt n unVcrsty pOltOs, rOm thc Ormcr muOh Orgnatcd that wcnt ntO
thc Margnala tO JhcOry md raOtOc,`^ but thc lattcr mtlcssly OOnsumcd tmc
and cncrgy. t was nOt untl thc bcgnnng O bcptcmbcr ! V8 that hc was ablc tO
OOntnuc wOrk On Aesthetic1hecj.rst hc OrtOally annOtatcd thc cntrc tcXt as a
prclmnary tO thc aOtual rcVsOn. Jhs OOnsstcd n a dctalcd, handwrttcn rcOr-
mulatOn O thc typsOrpt O thc dOtatcd matcral, a rcOmulatOn n whOh nO
scntcnOc rcmancd unOhangcd and sOarOcly Onc rcmancd whcrc u stOOd, nnu-
mcrablc passagcs wcrc addcd and nOt a cw, sOmc O thcm lcngIhy, wcrc rgOr-
Ously dclctcd. n mc OOursc O ths rcVsOn, whOh AdOmO bcgan On OtObcr V,
l V8, thc dVsOn ntO Ohaptcrs was rclngushcd. t was supcrscdcd by a OOntnu-
Ous tcxt that was tO bc atIOulatcd Only spataIly, thc tcXt was Hnshcd On MarOh J,
l VV. Jhrcc Ohaptcrs O thc Old VcrsOn wcrc lct Out O thc man tcxt, twO O
Ihcm-WatOhwOrds` and btuatOn`-wcrc bOth OOrrcOtcd n MmOh, thc rcV-
sOn O thc hnal Ohaptcr, MctaphysOs,` was OOmplctcd On May l4. n mc OllOw-
ng wccks many addtOns wcrc wrttcn that n thc OOursc O thc thrd rcVsOn
wOuld haVc bccn nOOrpOratcd n thc man tcxt and wOuld tO sOmc cXtcnt haVc rc-
plaOcd passagcs wth whOh AdOmO was stll nOt satshcd. Jhc last datcd tcXt was
nsOrbcd !uly !, l VV.
Jhc prcscntatOn O thc bOOk, whOh may apprcOably burdcn ts rcOcptOn, s thc
36 EDlTORS' AERWORD
IcSul uDl Duj D lhc I8gmcul8Ij Ch8I8ClcI D Aesthetic1heoj.LuIIug WDIK Du
lhc ScCDu0 0I8l P0DHD Duu0 hImSc CDuHDulc0 WIlh QIDDcmS hc h80 uDl 8u-
lICIQ8lc0. hcSc CDuCcHc0 lhc DIg8uIZ8lIDu D lhc lcXl m0 8DDVc 8 lhc QIDDcm
D lhc Ic8lIDu D lhc QIcScul8lIDu lD Wh8l IS QIcSculc0. P0DHD gIVcS m 8CCDuul D
lhcSc ISSucS Iu hIS CDDcSQDu0cuCc. 1l IS IulcIcSlIug lh8l Iu WDIKIug lhcIc DDUu0cS
HDm lhc content [Inhu/tJ V8IIDuS ImQIC8lIDuS DI lhc DIm lh8l 1 Dug cXQcClc0
Dul lh8l uDW Iu0cc0 8SlDuISh mc. 1l IS SImQj lh8l IDm mj lhcDIcm lh8l lhcIc IS uD
QhIDSDQhIC8 DISl QIIuCIQc, Il uDW 8SD IcSulS lh8l Duc C8uuDl DuI0 8u 8Igumcu-
l8lIVc SUCluIc lh8l DDWS lhc uSu8 QIDgIcSSIVc SuCCcSSIDu D SlcQS, Dul I8lhcI
lh8l Duc muSl 8SScmDc Uc WhDc Dul D 8 ScIIcS D Q8IlI8 CDmQcXcS lh8l 8Ic, SD
lD SQc8K, D cQu8 WcIghl 8u0 CDuCcuUIC8j 8D8ugc0 8 Du lhc S8mc cVc, lhcII
CDuSlc8lIDu, uDl lhcII SuCCcSSIDu, muSl jIc0 lhc I0c8. 1u 8uDlhcI cllcI P0DHD
SQc8KS D lhc 0ICulIcS Iu lhc QIcScul8lIDu D Aesthetic1heoj.hcSc 0IDCu-
lIcS CDuSISl . . . Iu lhIS, lh8l 8 DDDK S 8mDSl IucuCl8Dc mDVcmcul IDm 8ulcCc0cul
lD CDuScQucuCc QIDVc0 SD IuCDmQ8lIDc WIlh lhc CDulcul lh8l DI lhIS Ic8SDu 8uj
DIg8uIZ8lIDu Iu lhc lI80IlIDu8 ScuSc~WhICh uQ uulI uDW 1 h8Vc CDulIuuc0 lD D-
DW |cVcu Iu Neutive Diu/ectics)-QIDVc0 ImQI8CIC8Dc. hc DDDK muSl, SD lD
SQc8K, Dc WIIllcu Iu cQu8j WcIghlc0, Q8I8l8ClIC8 Q8IlS lh8l 8Ic 8D8ugc0 8IDuu0 8
m10QDIul lh8l lhcj cXQIcSS lhIDugh lhcII CDuSlc8lIDu. hc QIDDcmS D 8 Q8I8-
l8ClIC8 DIm D QIcScul8lIDu, SuCh 8S lhcj 8QQc8I Iu lhc 8Sl VcISIDu D Aesthetic
1heoj,WIlh WhICh P0DHD WDu0 uDl h8Vc S8I0 hc W8S CDulcul, 8Ic DD]cClIVcj
0clcImIuc0. hcj 8Ic lhc cXQIcSSIDu D lhc 8llIlu0c D lhDughl lD DD]cClIVIlj.
hIDSDQhIC8 Q8I8l8XIS SccKS lD uD lhc QIDmISc D McgcS QIDgI8m D 8
QuIc CDulcmQ8lIDu Dj uDl CISlDIlIug lhIugS lhIDugh Uc VIDcuCc D IcDImIug
lhcm SuD]cClIVcj, Dul I8lhcI Dj DIIugIug lhcII mulcucSS, lhcII uDuI0culIlj, lD
SQccCh. LSIug MD0cIIuS WDIK, P0DHD QIcSculc0 lhc ImQIC8lIDuS D 8 ScII8IZ-
Iug QIDCc0uIc, 8u0 hc uDlc0 D hIS DWu mclhD0 lh8l Il h80 lhc CDScSl 8DuIlIcS
WIlh lhc 8cSlhclIC lcXlS D lhc 8lc MD0cIIu. P lhcDIj, hDWcVcI, lh8l IS SQ8IKc0 Dj
lhc individaamine]ubi/e,lh8l W8ulS lD m8Kc 8mcu0S lD lhc uuIcQc8l8Dc, lhc uDu-
CDuCcQlu8, DI Wh8l I0culIjIug lhDughl IuHIClS Du Il, ucCcSS8IIj CDmcS IulD CDu-
DICl WIlh lhc 8DSlI8ClucSS lD WhICh, 8S lhcDIj, Il IS CDmQcc0. j IlS QhIDSDQhIC8
CDulcul [Cehu/t] ,P0DHDS 8cSlhclIC IS 0IIVcu lD Q8I8l8ClIC8 QIcScul8lIDu, jcl lhIS
DIm IS 8QDIclIC, Il 0cm8u0S lhc SDulIDu D 8 QIDDcm D WhDSc ulIm8lc IuSDu-
DIIlj, Iu lhc mc0Ium D lhcDIj, P0DHD h80 uD 0DuDl. Pl lhc S8mc lImc, hDWcVcI,
lhc DIu0IugucSS D lhcDIj IS DDuu0 lD lhc DDIg8lIDu lh8l 8DDI 8u0 lhc cDIl D
lhDughl uDl IcuDuuCc lhc cDIl lD SDVc lhc IuSDuDc. hIS Q8I80DXj CDu0 8SD
QIDVI0c 8 mD0c DI lhc IcCcQlIDu D lhIS WDIK. hc 0ICulIcS lh8l CDuHDul lhc
xopo,lhc 0IIcCl 8CCcSS lD lhc lcXl D Aesthetic 1heoj, CDu0 uDl h8Vc Dccu
Cc8Ic0 8W8j Dj HIlhcI IcVISIDu D lhc lcXl, jcl 0DuDlcSSj Iu SuCh 8 uj 8IlICu-
8lc0 lcXl lhcSc 0IDCulIcS WDu0 h8Vc Dccu 8IlICu8lc0 8u0 lhuS mIuImIZc0.
P0DHD Q8uuc0 lD WDIK lhIDugh Aesthetic1heoj8 lhII0 lImc, 8 IcVISIDu I u WhICh
LUOK5` ALKWOKU ' 3
lhc lcXl WDu0 h8Vc l8Kcu IlS 0cDuIlIVc DIm, 8S SDDu 8S hc IcluDc0 Dm hIS V8C8-
lIDu, WhICh luDc0 Dul lD Dc hIS 8Sl.
hIS VDumc, WhICh m8KcS uD C8Im lD DcIug 8 CIIlIC8-hISlDIIC8 c0IlIDu, CDul8IuS
lhc CDmQclc lcXl D Uc Du8 VcISIDu. Luy lhDSc Q8SS8gcS D Uc IuIlI8 0ICl8lc0
VcISIDu lh8l WcIc uDl IuCDIQDI8lc0 Iu lhc ScCDu0 HVISIDu WcIc DmIllc0, cVcu
Whcu P0DDD 0I0 uDl cXQICIly SUIKc lhcm Dul, lhcy muSl Dc Icg8I0c0 8S h8VIug
Dccu Ic]cClc0 Dy hIm. Lu lhc DlhcI h8u0, DC8uSc D lhcII QcIlIucuCc 8 uumDcI D
ShDIlcI, uuCDIIcClc0 8gmculS 8Ic CDcClc0 Iu lhc 8I8IQDmcu8. hc CDIHClc0
0I8l IulID0uClIDu, UDugh Il W8S 0ISC8I0c0 Dy P0DDD, IS 8QQcu0c0 lD lhc lcXl, IlS
SuDSl8ulIVc ImQDIl8uCc QIDhIDIlc0 IlS cXCuSIDu. ~0IDSyuCI8SIcS D SQcmg
h8Vc Dccu m8Iul8Iuc0. hc QuuClu8lIDu Icm8IuS uuCh8ugc0 8S Wc, 8lhDugh Il
SlI 8Igcy DDWS 8u DI8 Ihylhm, DI QuDIC8lIDu P0DDD WDu0 uu0DuDlc0y
h8Vc 80]uSlc0 HlD Sl8u08I0 QI8ClICc. cC8uSc lhc h8u0WIIllcu CDDcClIDuS m80c
lhc m8uuSCDQl 0ICul DI P0DDD hImSc lD Ic80, DCC8SIDu8 8u8CDulhIC 8u0 c-
IQlIC8 DImu8lIDuS Icm8Iu, lhcSc WcH 0ISCIccly CDIIcClc0. cyDu0 SuCh gI8m-
m8lIC8 IuUuSIDuS lhc c0IlDIS cl uu0cI DDIg8lIDu lD IcI8Iu WhcIcVcI QDSSIDc
IDm CDu]0CluIc, hDWcVcI cQuculy lhIS W8S SuggcSlc0 Dy lhc IcQclIlIDuS, DCC8-
SIDu8y 8SD Dy CDulI80IClIDuS. uuumcI8Dc DImu8lIDuS 8u0 Q8SS8gcS, WhICh
lhc c0IlDIS WcIc CDuVIuCc0 P0DDD WDu0 h8Vc Ch8ugc0, WcIc IuCDIQDI8lc0 uu-
Ch8ugc0. LDu]cCluIcS WcIc m80c Duy Iu IuSl8uCcS WhcIc lhcy WcIc IcQuIIc0 lD
cXCu0c mISuu0cISl8u0IugS D mc8uIug.
hc DI0cIIug D lhc DDDK QDSc0 SuDSl8ulI8 0IDCulIcS. hc CDIIcClc0 m8Iu lcXl
W8S lhc D8SIC m8uuSCIIQl, IulD WhICh lhc c8IIcI mculIDuc0, IcWDIKc0 Dul uuIulc-
gI8lc0 U% Ch8QlcIS WcIc IuScIlc0. hc Ch8QlcI culIlc0 bIlu8lIDu 8 QhIDSD-
Qhy D hISlDIy D mD0cDIl0, WhICh W8S lhc DISl Ch8QlcI D lhc DIIgIu8 VcISIDu~
h80 lD Dc Q8Cc0 Ic8lIVcy c8Iy. LculI8 lD Aesthetic 1kecj IS lhc IuSIghl lh8l
Duy HDm lhc mDSl 80V8uCc0 CDulcmQDI8Iy 8H IS Ighl C8Sl Du lhc WDIK D lhc
Q8Sl. PCCDI0Iug lD 8 uDlc, P0DDD Iulcu0c0 lD CDmDIuc Uc Ch8QlcIS bIlu8lIDu
8u0 8lChWDI0S, 8u0 lhc c0IlDIS QIDCcc0c0 8CCDI0Iugy. hc IuScIlIDu D lhc
Ch8QlcI Ncl8QhySICS 8l lhc cu0 D lhc ScClIDu Du LuIgm8lIC Lh8I8ClcI D-
DWc0 CDmQIugy IDm lh8l ScClIDuS CDuISc DlhDughl. Ilh Icg8I0 lD Q8I-
lICu8I Q8SS8gcS, Il W8S ucCcSS8Iy lD IcDIg8uIZc 8 uumDcI D lhcm. u m8IgIu8I8 Iu
lhc lcXl P0DDD hImSc h80 CDuSI0cIc0 mDSl D lhcSc ShIlS. u m8uy IuSl8uCcS,
lhc ShIS uu0cIl8Kcu Dy lhc c0IlDIS Iulcu0c0 lD 8CCculu8lc lhc DDDK S Q8I8l8ClIC8
QIIuCIQc D QHScul8lIDu, lhcy WcIc uDl Iulcu0c0 lD S8CIIDCc lhc DDDK lD 8 0c0uC-
lIVc hIcI8IChIC8 SUuCluIc D QIcScul8lIDu. ~hDSc I8gmculS lIc8lc0 Dy lhc c0I-
lDIS 8S 8I8IQDmcu8 WcIc Iu Q8Il 8lcI 800IlIDuS 8u0 Iu Q8Il cXlI8ClS. Q8SS8gcS
cXCISc0 Dm lhc DIIgIu8 lcXl lh8l P0DDD Iulcu0c0 lD Q8Cc cScWhcIc. hc Iulc-
gI8lIDu D lhcSc 8gmculS IulD Uc m8Iu lcXl QIDVc0 lD Dc ImQI8ClIC8Dc. Luy Sc-
0Dm 0I0 P0DDD m8IK lhc cX8Cl Q8Cc WhcIc hc W8ulc0 lhcm, 8u0 8mDSl 8W8yS
lhcIc WcIc 8 uumDI D QDSSIDc Q8CcS DI lhcII IuScIlIDu. uIlhcImDIc, lhc IuScI-
3 ' EDHORS' AERWORD
lIDB D lcSc lcXlS WDu0 8Vc HguIIc0 lc DImu8lIDB D lI8BSIlIDB8 QI8ScS,
WIC lc c0IlDIS 0I0 BDl cc 8ulDIIZc0 lD uB0cIlMc. c DIg8BIZ8lIDB D lc
M8IQDmcB8 IS lc WDIX D lc c0IlDIS. c Q8SS8gc c80IBgS 8Ic 8SD 80-
0IlIDBS m80c Dj lc c0IlDIS, WD WcIc DcB cBDug 8Dc lD 0I8W DB "heudins,"
lc 0cSCIIQlIVc XcjWDI0S WIl WIC P0DHD BDl8lc0 lc m8]DIIlj D lc m8Bu-
SCIIQl Q8gcS.
P guDl8lIDB IDm IIc0IIC bCcgc W8S lD 8Vc ScIVc0 8S 8 mDllD DI Aesthetic
1heoj. 8l IS C8c0 lc QIDSDQj D M uSu8j 8CXS DBc D lWD lIBgS.
cIlcI lc QIDSDQj DI Uc M. P0DHD 80 IBlcB0c0 lD 0c0IC8lc Uc DDDX lD
b8muc cCXcll.
c c0IlDIS W8Bl lD l8BX LHIc0c LDIIC, P0DHD S ScCIcl8Ij D m8Bj jc8IS,
WD uB0cIlDDX lc 0cCIQcImcBl 8B0 CDQjIBg D lc lcXl.
Juj V70
^OlCS
1ta0Sa0tS 0t000c00
l . amctt Ncwman, m unIcIS unIng. hc cW 1OIk N ccnc, 1V4-1V7, dircctcd by
EmiIc dc Antonio.
2. Adomo, ccIhOvcn,cd. RoIf Ticdcmann (lrankfurt, lJ), p. l 5.
J. Adomo, cguIvc LuccIcS, trans. E. . Ashton (Ncw York, lTJ), p. XX (uansIation
amcndcd).
4. Adomo, "Auf dc lragc. Was ist dcutsch,' in cSummcIc chIQcn l. 2 (lrankmrt, !TT),
p. J.
5. lbid. , p. 8.
. lbid.
T. cSIhcIc hcOIj,trans. C. Lcnhardt (Ncw York, l84).
8. C. Lcnhardt, "Rcsponsc to HuIIot-Kcntor, cOS,no. 5 (laII l85). l5J.
. Scc HuIIot-Kcntor, "Acsthctic Thcory. Thc TransIaton," cOS,no. 5 (laII l85). l4T-l52.
l. Adomo, %uhcI. %uScuh)SOgnOm), trans. Edmund !cphcott (Chicago, l2), p. 84.
l ! . Scc thc Aftcmord to this transIation.
!2. Scc !rgcn Harmas, "A Lcttcr to Christa WoIf," from hcOImuj O]ucIn c]u0c,
uans. MchacI RoIoff (forthcoming).
lJ. Convcrsation with RoIf Ticdcmann, Octobcr l5, l5.
l4. RoIf Wiggcrshaus, hc IunQN chOO. IS MSIOIj, hcOIcS, undOIcu gn(cuncc,
trans. MichacI Robnson (Cambridgc, Mass.: l4); scc, c.g., pp. 245, 24, 254, 458, and 5l.
hcIc uIc IhIcc cvcS O]nOIcS. dOOSOWn, SOmc O]Whch WcIc uddcd0)Ihc cOun cdIOIS n
uccOIdWIh IhcuuIhOISS]uIScSI)c O]unnOIuIOn, IhOSc]cWudIOnu cOmmcnIS cOnII0uIcd0)Ihc
cIWun cdIOIS, Whch uIc muIkcduS Such unduIc n SguuIc 0IuckIS, undIhOSc cX]unuIO( nOIcS
S]ccQc IO IhS IIunSuIOn, uSO n SguuIc 0IuckIS unddcnI(cd uans. LIuIOnS uIc gvcn cXcu-
Svc)n LngSh cXcc]IWhcn crmun OIIcnch]OcIIj SgudIcdn IhcIcXI, n Whch cuSc IhcOIgnu
JT
J8 | NOTES TO PAGES xx-l
S]IOvdcdn lhc nOlc. n Ihc ScvcIunSIunccSnWhchnOLngShcIulOn Sgvcn]OIIIunSuIOnSO]
]OcI(n Ihc mun IcXI, Ihc II0nSuIOnSuIc m)OWn.
t, b0cc, cSBccS
l . Hc!mut Kuhn, chIQcn JuIcSIhcIk(Munch, l), pp. 2Jff.
2. [Scc "Excursus: Thcorics on thc Orgn of A.`]
J. Scc Adomo, "Dc Kunst und dc K0nstc, n LhncLcI0d, cSummcIc chIQcn, voI. l. l
(lrankfurt, l77), p. 4J2ff.
4. ["Stc!!ung zur Objcktvtal. Thc phrasc s hom Gcorg W!hc!m lricdrich HcgcI`s clcncc O]
LOgc,uans. W!!am Wa!Iacc (Oxford, l75), pp. 47-l l2, n whch thrcc "attitudcs of thought to ob-
jcctvty arc clucdatcd. -trans.]
5. [A!though thc drcct rcfcrcncc s to Hcgc!, thc phrasco!ogy at thc samc tmc quotcs thc ttIc of
WaItcr cnjamn`s cssay "Das Kunstwcrk m Zcta!tcr scncr tcchnschcn Rcproduzcrbarkct
("Thc Work of An n thc Agc of lts Mcchanca! Rcproducton), a tt!c on whch Adomo works rc-
pcatcd varatons, ocn n ways that cannot bc matchcd wth adcquatc compactncss n trans!aton.
trans.]
. ["l! faut trc abso!umcnt modcmc. -trans.]
7. [lor thc Eng!sh "contcnt Gcrman has bth "lnhaIt and "Gcha!t," whch, n acsthctc contcxts,
scrvc Udstngush thc dca of thcmatc contcnt or subjcct mattcr from that of contcnt n thc scnsc of
mport, csscncc, or substancc of a work. Ths dstncton, howcvcr, s not tcmno!ogca!!y hxcd n
Gcman or n Adomo's writngs. Onc conccpt may wc!! bc uscd n p!acc of thc othcr. ln somc scctions
of cSIhcIc hcO( t s rcIatvc!y casy to rccognzc whch conccpt s at stakc, as for nstancc n thc
!cngthy dcvc!opmcnt of thc rc!aton of form and contcnt, whcn contcnt s obvous!y "lnha!t. ln thcsc
passagcs, thc Gcrman s gvcn whcn thc conccpt s brst ntroduccd. At othcr ponts n thc tcxt, how-
cvcr, dffcrcntaton bcomcs morc dfbcu!t. Whcrc t has bcn ncccssary to cmphaszc thc dstncton
btwccn thc tcrms, thc much !css frcqucntIy uscd tcm "\nhmt accompancs thc Eng!sh conccpt. At
ponts, howcvcr, whcrc thcrc s an ongong, cxpIct, contrastng dscusson of thc two conccpts, or
whcrc conf0son sccmcd !kc!y, thc Gcrman conccpts accompany thc sng!c Eng!sh conccpt. At onc
pont t has bccn ncccssary to trans!atc "GchaIt as "substancc, n a!! othcr nstanccs "substancc s
thc uans!aton of "Substanz. Thcrc arc, furthcrmorc, varous crcumstanccs n whch othcr Gcrman
conccpts than thosc just mcntoncd arc aIso bcst trans!atcd as "contcnt. ~uans.]
8. ["Zwcckmbgkct. lor Kantan tcrms l gcncra!!y fo!!ow Wcmcr S. PIuhar`s uansIaton of
LIIguc O]JudgmcnI(lndanapo!s, !87)-uans.]
. [Rcnc Laforguc, hc Lc]culO]uudcuIc (lo!croft, l77).-trans.]
l. Scc lmmanuc! Kant, LIIguc O]JudgmcnI,sccton 2, pp. 45ff.
l l . lbd., p. 45.
l 2. lbd., p. 4.
lJ. lbd. , p. 45.
b0a00
l . [Hugo von Hofmannsthal, hcLO
,
dLhundOSLclIcI(Mar!boro, l8).-uans.]
2. Scc Stcfan Gcorgc, "Darkncss of Dmam ["lo!agc and fr0t of camc!an and go!d] , n hc
WOIkS O]Ic]uncOIgc, uans. Marx and Mcrwtz (Chapc! H!!, l74) , p. 27.
J. ["Entk0nstung. Ltcm!!y, thc dcstr0cton of art`s qua!ty as art. -trans.]
4. Scc Adomo, "CuIt0ta! Critcsm and Soccty, n OSmS, ttans. Samuc! Wcbr and Shcrry
Wcbcr (Cambridgc, l8l ) , pp. l7ff.
5. [Gustav Mcyrink ( l88-lJ2), thc Austran novc!st of ccric and grotcsquc novcIs, most
famous!y cOcm.lI8u8.|
NOTL5 TO PAGL5 l- | J
. [lctdnand Kmbtgct ( lBZl-!B1), thc Austtan dtamatst and novclst.ttans.]
1. 5cc Adomo, LSSOnunJcn. %uSkn dcrvcrWuIcIcn WcI, 4th cd. (Gttngcn, !), pp. l .
B. [A tcctcncc cspccally to Mattn Hcdcggct. -ttans.|
. [ Aussagc: 5cc Adomo, hcJurgOnO]uIhcnIcI),ttans. Knut Taowsky and ltcdctc Wll
(Lvanston, l1) , p. l4.-ttans.]
l. Waltct cn|amn, 1Kc Lrgn O]cOun rugcLrumu,uans. !ohn Osbomc (London, l11).
! ! . 5cc AdolLos, 5mllchc 5chrcn, cd. l. GliIck, voI. ! (Vcnna and Munch, l Z), pp. Z1B,
JJ, and ]uSSm.
lZ. ltcdtch 5chllct, "Ncna, n OcIcu WOrk, mns. Pctcy L. Pnkctton (oston, l9Z), p. ZJ.
l J. [Adomo s guotng rom hs own Lhnc LcI0d, cSummcIc chr]cn, vol. l. ! (ltankhtt,
l11).ttans.]
l4. ltcdrch Hldctln, Gcman 5ong, n rcdrch Mkcrn. OcmS undrugmcnIS, uans.
Mchacl Hamburgct (Lambtdgc, l), p. .
!. cttolt tccht, "An dc Nachgcborcncn, n cSummcIc Wcrk, vol. (lranMtt, !1), p. 1ZJ.
["Was snd das m Ztcn, wo / Ln Gcsptch bct umc ast cn Vctbtcchcn st / Wcl cs cn
5chwcgcn iIbt m vclc Untatcn cnschlcbt; "To Postctty, n cOun OcII}, 1V10-1V/, uans.
and cd. Mchacl Hambutgct (Ncw Yotk, l1), p. lB. uans.]
l. 5cc Lhmlcs audclarc, "Thc Tastc ot nothngncss, rom OWcrSO]Lv, uans. 5. McGowan
(Oxotd, lJ), p. lJ. "Thc 5ptng, oncc wondctul, has lost ts sccnt' p. 1Z.
l1. [A tcctcncc to thc McphstophcIcs o Johann Wolgang von Gothc' s uuSI, dcscrbcd thctc
as "Thc sptt that ncgatcs tscI. ttans.]
lB. jA cttcal tcctcncc to Ludwg Wttgcnstcn`s maxm n thc rucIuIuS LgcO-hOSO]hcuS
that "Uc Wclt s| allcs was dct lall st (Thc world s alI that s thc casc). Thtoughout cSIhcIchcOQ
and many o hs othct wttngs Adomo smIatIy tccasts Wttgcnstcn`s cxptcsson. ttans.|
L0 Bc Lacg0tcS 0 Bc g, Bc ca00, a00 1ccB0g0c
l . Katl Koscnkmnz,
@
SIhcIkdcSMQchcn(Kngsbctg, lBJ.).
Z. 5cc Max Hotkhcmct and Adomo, LuccIc O]LnghIcnmcnI, uans. John Lummng (Ncw
Yotk, !1Z).
J. 5cc Atthut Kmbaud, "Thc lacksmth, nom OcmS!/0, n LOm]cIc WOrkS, uans. Wallacc
lowlc (Lhcago, l) , p. ZJ.
4. [Gcthat| Hauptmann, MunnccSSccnSOn, n hrcc u)S, ttans. H. ltcnz and M. Waggoncr
(Ncw Yotk, ll ) , pp. -!4J.uans.]
. ["cn klcnstct Ubctgang: Thc sma!!cst uanston, s a undamcntal acsthctcothcologcal
mot n bth Wa!tct cn|amn's and Adomo's wttngs. 5cc Adomo, 0uncrg.%uSIcrO]Ihcm-
cSILnk, uans. Julanc tand and Lhtstophct Halcy (Lambtdgc, l l)ttans.]
. "Wolkcn zchn wc schwcrc Ttumc, ftom Joscph von Lchcndotfs "ZwcIcht, n Wcrkc
cd. W. Kasch (Munch, !), p. ! ! .
1 . 5cc Wa!tct cn|amn, "A 5maIl Hstoty o Photogtaphy, n Lnc Wu) IrccI und LIhcr
WrIngS,ttans. Ldmund Jcphottt and Knglcy 5hottct (London, l1), pp. Z4., and "Thc Wotk o
An mc Agc o Mcchancal Kcptoducton, n umnuIOnS, trans. Hany Zohn (Ncw Yotk, l B),
pp. Zl1h.
B. 5cc Hotkhcmct and Adomo, LuccIcO]LnghIcnmcnI,pp. lZ.
a0ta ca0
l . !mmanucl Kant, LrIgucO]JudgmcnI,uans. Wcmcr 5. Pluhat (ndanapls, !B1), p. J.
Z. bd., pp. J0Jl .
J. [Katl Ktaus's maxm, whch bccamc a motto both ot cn|amn and Adomo. ttans.]
J7 L NO1L51OPAL58-84
4. 5cc KudollBorchmdt, cd0hlc, cd. M. L. Borchardt and H. 5tcncr (5tuttgart, I97),
pp. l IJll.
. IrcdrchHcbbl,"Hcrbstbld,nWcIkc nJWcundcn,cd.. Irckc(Munch,I92),vol. ! ,
p. !2.
.5ccIrcdrchHldcrln,"Wnkcl vonHardt,lromcd0hlc nu0h 1, numl0hc WcIkc,
vol.2,cd.I.Bcbncr(5tuttgan,!9J),p.!2.[Adomodscusscsmspocmndctaln"Parataxs:On
Hldcrln`sLatcPouy, nOlcS lO LlcIuluIc, uans.5hcnyWcbrNcholscn (NcwYork, I992),
pp. I ! l-! l2. -uans.]
7. Paul Valcry, WndSlI0hc. u]c0hnungcn und ]hOISmcn, u8ns. B. Bschcnstcn ct al.
(Wcsbadcn,!99)p.94.[OrgnallypublshcdnLLuvrcS, vol.2(Pars,!97),p.8I .-uans.]
8. KudollBorchardt, "1agclcd, ["1o, stzalsBctt,undHcrzcn,horcht hnaus. /Ln altcr
Mann zcgt n dcn schwachcn 5chcn lUntcm Kddcs crstcn Blaus: lIr ott, dcn Ungcbomcn,
stchc/Ichcuchcn./Wclt,undscdrnoh sowchc,/LskchrtvonAnlang,aIlcsstnohdcn|-
uans.|
9. corgWlhclmIrcdrchHcgcl,cSlhcl0S, uans.1. M. Knox,vol. I (Oxlord, I97),p.I2J.
[Translatonamcndcd. -bans.]
I.Ibd.
I I . 5ccAdomo,Mcgc. hIccludcS, uans.5hcrryWcbr(Boston,I99J),pp.89ll.
I2. Hcgcl,cSlhcl0S,voI.! , p. IJ4.
J.Ibd.
I4.Ibd.,p. I42.
I. Ibd.,p.I2.
I.["5oscnsthccmanuanslatonol thcLatn"guddty,thcwhatncss,orcsscnccol anobcct
asopgscdtotscxstcncc.InAdomo` swork,howcvcr,"5oscnbcomcsmccguvalcntolBcckctt`s
"Lommcntc'cst.-uans.]
tt ca0t! ggaMt00, bgtt0a2at00, 0t0ta0t
l . WaltcrBcnamn,"5omcMotls nBaudclarc,mumnulOnS, uans.Hany/ohn(Ncw
York, I98), pp. I-2U.
2.5ccBcrtoltBrccht,"DcLcbndcn,ncd0hlcU(Iranklun, I9N),p.2I.
J. ["aumnt<hcKunstwcrkc:WhcncvcrAdomo,thcauthorolJuIgOndILgcnlchkcll(c
JuIgOn O]ulhcnl0(, uans.Knut1mowskyandIrcdcrc Wll,Lvanston, I97) and archcntc ol
Hcdcggcran"authcntcty (Lgcntlchkct),uscsthcconccptolauthcntcty n apostvcscn,hc
always cmploys thc rcck/Ircnch loan word "Authcntztt rathcr than thc crman root word
"Lgcntlchkctorthcadjcctvc"ccht.-trans.]
4.5cccorgWlhclmIrcdrchHcgcl,Ac:Ihclc:, uans.1.M.Knox(Oxlord,I97),vol. l,p.JI .
"Mandocsths[thats,hctransposcsthccxtcmalworldonwhchhcmprcsscsthcscalolhsnlcror-
ty-uans.] n ordcr, as amc subcct, to sup thc cxtcmal world olts ncxblc lorcgnncss and to
cnjoynthc shagolthngsonly cxtcmalrcwzatonolhmscll.
. [Althoughthc word "apparton cxsts ncrmanas "Apparton,Adomothroughout uscs
thc Ircnch conccpt and makcs ms obvous n thc crman by not captalzng thc rst lcttcr.-
trans.]
.["dcruchtbarcMomcnt:ottholdLphramLcssng'sconccptolthchghcstmomcntolacs-
thctc tcnson,whch hcdcvclopd n hs ntcrpntauon olthc Laoon sculpturc. 5cc hsLO0On,
bans.Ldw&dMoormck(Baltmorc,!92)uans.|
7. 5ccLcoPcItz, LcI%cSlcI dcSjRngSlcnugcS(Munch,I924) , p. I99.
8. [5ccIrank Wcdcknd, ]rng Wukcnng, trans.1omOsbomc (London, !99), p. 2.-
uans.]
NLLb L ALLb 54- 4 L J!
V. [YOl thc pcudOnym O YOlg8ng bChulZc (VJVJ), 8 Lctm8n cXp8uOt 8nd 8 Kcy ug
utc O tcnCh urIn]Ormcc.lI8u$.|
U. [Lt8htunggch8lt`. h 8 Ccntt8l COnCcpt O AdOmO phlOOphy, 8nd t c8ly lOt
u8CK O n tt8nl8tOn. bcc AdOmO, hc LXpctcnt8 LOntcnt O Hcgcl` hlOOphy,` n Mcgc.
hrccIudcS, tt8n. bhctQ Ycbct (bOtOn, VVJ), pp. JJ.-u8n.|
. [h0nOmcn`. hcnOmcnOn` hctc mplCtly COnu8tcd wth nOumcnOn.-tt8n.]
Z. mm8nucl K8nt, LrIgucO]JudgmcnI, tt8n. Ycmct b. luh8t (nd8n8pOl, V5!), p. V!.
J. Hctm8nn LOtZc, cS0h0hIc dcrcSIhcIknLcuIS0hund(%unCh, 55), p. V.
4. A n thc whOlc O h phlOOphy, Hcgcl' dounc O thc 8ttwOtK 8 pttu8l, whCh hc ]utly
COnCcVcd htOtC8lly, thc tcBcXVc hlhllmcnt O K8nt thOught. K8nt dntctctcd 8t8CtOn`
mplc tcCOgntOn O thc tbctC 8 pttu8l thtOugh thc ncg8tOn O t Own OppOtc.
J. [AnCh8ulChKct,` thc Ch8t8Ctct O 8n Ob]cCt uCh th8t t pblc Ot ncCc8ty kcntct ntO
mmcd8tc, nOnCOnCcptu8l COnt8Ct wth t. LymOlOgC8ly, lh mmcd8Cy O tcl8tOnhp mOdclcd
On VOn. bcc %. nwOp, McgcL0IOnu((LOndOn, VVZ). -u8n.]
. K8nt, LrIguc O]JudgmcnI,p. .
!. bd. , p. 4J.
5. bcc hcOdOt A. Mcyct, LuSIgcScIJ dcrOcSc (LcpZg, V).
V. %8ttn Hcdcggct, hc Ltgn O thc YOtK O A,` n OcI(, Lnguugc, undhOughI(Ncw
YOtK, I V! ), pp. I J-55.
b6m0a0c6 a00 Xgt6SS00
. bcc AdOmO, In cur0hO]Wugncr, tt8n. KOdncy LVngtOnc (LOndOn, V5 ) , pp. 5JH.
Z. [w8 8thctCh dct 8ll c`. h 8 tcctcnCc tO Yttgcntcn D0IuIuS L0g0O-
hOSO]h0uS, cc nOtc J n btu8tOn.` -tt8n.|
J. bcc AdOmO, Ln thc Ll8Cm O LOthc` ]hgcnc, n OIcSIOLIcruIurc, tt8n. bhc
Ycbct NChOlcn, VOl. 2 (Ncw YOtK, VV2), pp. JJ.
4. [bO t c`. bcc nOtc On bOcn` n N8!ut8l bc8uty.` -tt8n.|
J. [bpt8ChCh8t8Ktct`. hctc nO 8dcqu8tc tt8nl8tOn Ot lh COnCcpt 8 AdOmO uc t. t
mc8nng, hOwcVct, p8ttly cluCd8tcd by 8 gtOup O tcl8tcd dc8 n whCh AdOmO COnCcVc lhc 8tt
wOtK 8 Omcthng lh8t , Ot bCOmc bctcdt` (Bucnt, cXptcVc), whctc Omcthng COmc tO Ot
hnd bpt8Chc.` h 8 pccCh whctc l8ngu8gc tcl nOt ncCc8tly thc mcdum. LlOqucnCc`
h8, 8 8 pOtcnt8l, ]ut th mplC8tOn, 8nd t h8 thctcOn bccn ucd, :cluCt8ntly, Ot 8l O 0c 8bOVc
COnCcpt n Onc w8y Ot 8nOthct. hc ptOblcm , O COutc, th8t thc Lnglh COnCcpt tcnd tO cmph8Zc
8n unCOnCtcd Ott O ucnCy 8nd ptu8Vcnc. AdOmO, hOwcVct, nOt 8t 8ll COnCcmcd wth pct
u8On but t8thct wth cXptcOn 8 gctutc, Cphct, COuntcn8nCc, Ctpt 8nd pcCh 8 t 8tc Out O
btOKcnnc, t8gmcnt8tnc Ot hutcdnc. LlOqucnCc,` utlhctmOtc, mptl8ntly Otct thc dc8
O Ctpt, whCh 8 p8lp8blc 8pCt O bpt8ChCh8t8Ktct.` but Ctpt` wOuld Otct thc qu8ty O
p8Kng 8nd n 8ny C8c, whcn AdOmO w8nt tO cmph8Zc Ctpt` hc uc bCht` Ot, n Olhct wtt-
ng th8n cSIhcI0 hcO[, cCttutc.` -tt8n.|
. K8nct %8t8 KlKc, AtChChct OtO ApllO,` n 0mI0hc Wcrkc, cd. L. Znn, VOl. !
(Ycb8dcn, VJJ), p. JJ!. Ocnn d8 t Kcnc btcllc, ldc dCh nCht cht.` [bcc 8lO OtO O 8n
AtCh8C ApOllO,` n cc0IcdOcmS,u8n. L. . %8Cntytc (bctKclcy, V4), pp. V2VJ. -u8n.]
!. [wc c cntptngt, Ch cnttngt`. h p88gc COnttuCtcd Out O thc Ccntt8l COnCcpt O
Y8ltct bcn]8mn hc Lrgn O]Lcrmun rug0Lr0mu, um. !Ohn LbOmc (LOndOn, V!!). n th
lnc AdOmO ccCtVcly cXplC8tc bcn]8mn COnCcpt O Otgnthc LrS]rkng,thc Otgn8l lc8p-8
bOlh 8 lc8p Out O 8nd 8 wtctng tcc. bcc bcn]8mn, hcLrgn O]cDun rug0LDmu, p. 4J.
lt8n.]
5. bcc AdOmO, KcmnCcnCc,` 0un crg. %uSIc} O]Ihc mucSI Lnk tt8n. Jul8nc bt8nd
8nd LhttOphct H8lcy (L8mbtdgc, VV ) , pp. V.
J7Z L NO1L51OPAL5I I4-4
. [Hcrc Adomo guotcs thc last lnc hom hs "Ycts uncmusgucnlomc!lc,`n@kuS knu un-
luSu, uans.KOncyLVngstonc(London,IZ) , p.JZZ(uanslatonamcndc).ttans.]
I.[5ccAdomoctal.,cklhOIluIuncISOnuQ(NcwYotk, I8Z),pp. IJll.-trans.]
0@aca06SS, t0B L0060, N6agBScS
I . 5ccAdomo,"McdutonsonMctaphyscs,`ncgulvcLuc0l0S, uans.L. B. Ashton,(Ncw
Yotk,l7J),pp. JIll.
Z.cotg1tak,"Psalm,`uans.UallasWcbc,n hc XlcS 8(5prng,I),pp.J7-J8.
J.LduatdMtkc, 5mtlichcWcrkc, cd.!.Pctlahlcta!.,Vol. l (Munch,l8),p.8.
[1hcotgnaltcxtsaslo!lows.-uans.]
Mauslallcn-5pr0chlcn
UasKndgchtdtcmalumdclallcundsptcht:
Klcnc8stc,klcncsHaus.
LcbcM8usn,OctMaus,
5tclldchnutkccklchcn
HcutnachtbcmMondcnschcn|
Machabtdc1|itlcnhntctdtzu,
Htst du?
Uabchtcdcn5chw8nzchcn'
Nach1schcsngcnwt
Nach1schcsptngcnwr
Undmachcncn1nzchcn:
Wttwtt|
McncaltcKatzctanztwahtschcnlchmt.
4.[5ccnotcIon"5oscin`n"NatutmBcauty.`~uans.]
L0B6t60c6 a00 N6a00g
I . 5cccotgLukcs,Kc%cunngO]LOnlcm]OIuQcuSm(London, I Z).
Z.5ccAoldZISIRg,cSlhclS0hcOIS0hkngcn(ltankhtt,I88).
J. 5ccLmn5tcn,"Ncuclonnptnzpcn,`nVOn nckcI%kSk(Lolognc,IZ),pp.ll.
4.5ccAold5chocnbctg,"Aphotsmcn,`nLc%kSk,Vol.(IWII),pp. Ill.
.KatlKtaus,LlcIulkIundLkgc,cd. H.lschct(Munch,I8),p. I4.
.BcnoltBtccht,"lnl5chwctgkctcnbm5chtcbndctWahthct,`ncSummclc WcIk,
Vol. I8 (ltankfun, I7),p.ZZ.
7.nthctAndcts,LcnlgkcIlhcldcS%cnS0hcn (Munch,I),pp.ZIJh.
8. 5ccLukcs,hccOQO]lhcOvc, ttans.A. Balatan (Lambtdgc,I7I) .
.Adomo,"s AttLghthcattcd?` nOlcS lO LlcIulkIc,uans.5hcttyWcbtNcholscn,Vol.Z
(NcwYotk,I Z),pp.Z47h.
I. [Joachm Wnckclmann`s scmnal chatactctzaton ol rcck sculp|urc n "1houghts on thc
mtatonoltcckWotksnPantngand 5culptun (l77).-hans.]
l ! . 5ccPaulYalcty,kvIcS,cd.!.Hytct,Vol.Z(Pats,I),pp.ll.
b0Bg6c-LBg6c
I . mmanuclKant,LIlgkcO]Jkdgmcnl, uans.Wcmct5.Pluhm(ndanapls,I87),p.4J.
Z.bd.
NO1L51OFAL5I-ZI . J7J
J.bd.,p.4.
4. Adomo,POlcSlOLlcHlurc, ttans.5hcttyWcbctNchoIscn,Vol.Z(NcwYotk, l Z),p.IJ.
[1tansIatonamcndcd.-uans.]
. ["UctBcgtlldcsUtspt|ingIchcn`:1hctclctcncctoBcn]aminhasbccn intctpIatcdhcnby
thcttansIatot.5ccnotc7n"5cmbIanccandLxptcsson.`-mns.]
10Wat0 a 1Bc0t 0 tBc ttW0tK
! . 5cc 5kphan cotgc, "1hc 1apstQ,` ltom hc u]cSlQ O]LQc, n c WOrK O]lc]un
cOrgc, |tans.MatxdMctwtz(LhapIHII, I 74),p. I8. [1hc|aps|tysmctcIy"b cnIncs,`
tspans"ats|tlc . . . untIoncnghtthclabtcIcapstoIlc.`uans.]
Z.5mmanucIKant,LrlgucO]Judgmcnl, uans.Wcmct5.FIuh(ndanapoIs, l87),p. I.
J. [5HsLhtstanAndctscn,''1hc NghtngaIc,` n c LOm]clc uQ ucSundlOrcS,
uans.L. L. Haugaatd (Ncw Yotk, I74),pp.ZJ-ZIZ,M aIso got5ttaVnsky,hcPghlnguc.~
ttans.]
4.5ccAdomo,"UcKunstunddcKnsk,`nLhncLl0d, cSummclc 0hIjcq Vol. l0J
(ltanklun,I77), pp. I8ll.
. 5ccWaltctBcn]amn,LncWu) lrcclundLlhcr WrlngS, uans.Ldmund!cphottandKngIcy
5hot|ct(London,I7),p. .
.5ccAdomo,%OmcnlSmuS0uu(tankl0t|, I4), pp. I7ll.
7. 5cc tc0tch HIdctln, cd0hlc nu0h 0, n uml0hc Wcrkc, cd. . Bcbnct, VoI. Z
(5t0ttgan,IJ),p.JZ8.
8. KmI Mx,Ftclacc to LOnlI0ulOn lO lhc Lrlguc O]Ol0u LOnOm), uans. N. 5tonc
(Lhcago,IM4),p. IZ. ["MankndalwaystakcsuponIysuchptobIcmsastcansoIVc.-ttans.]
. 5ccBcn]amn, "5omcMotls nBaudcIan,numnulOnS, ttans.Haq Zohn (NcwYotk,
I8),p. I 88.
!. Bcn]amn,''1hcscsonthcFhIosophyolHstoty,`numnulOnS, p. Z7.
HVctSa aH0 attc0at
I . [AugustHaIm(I8-IZ),|hcmuscoIogstandauthotolMuNnOncchrc(IM)andcssays
coIIcctcdn VOn OO undnndcr%usk(I78). -uans.J
Z.[5ccAdomoctaI.,hculhOrluruncrSOnuQ(NcwYotk, I8Z),pp.Z7l.-uans.]
J. 5cc WaItct Bcn]amn, Kc LOrrcS]Ondcn0c O] Wulcr cnjumn 40, cd. ctshom
5choIcmand1. W.Adomo,uans.Manltcd!acobsonandLVcIyn!acobson(Lhcago,I 4), p.8.
4. 5Adomo,%nm%Oruu, mns.L.. N.!cphcot|(London,I74),pp.Zll.
. 5cc Kutt Mautz, "Uc athcnsptachc dct cxptcssonstschcn Lytk,` n LculS0hc Vcrlc-
juhrSS0hr]]r LlcruluDSScnS0hu] und cSlcSgcS0h0hlc, VoI. JI (I7), pp. I8ll. [5cc also
WassIy Kandnsky,LOn0cDng lhc ]rluu n rl, uans. M. 1. H. 5adIct (Ncw Yotk, I4). -
ttans.]
. [Adomo s guotng ltom hs "Uc Kunst und dc K0nstc,` n Lhnc Ll0d, cSummclc
0hrQcn, VoI.I. I(tankl0tt,I77).uans.]

. 5cc AoId 5chonbtg,"FtobIcms n1cachng A," nQc und dcu, cd. Lconatd 5tcn,
ttans.LcoBIk(BctkcIcy,I7),pp.J-J8.
8. 5cc WaItctBcn]amn,0hr(cn,cd.1h.W.Admoand. Adomo,VoI. I (tanMut|, I).
p. 4ZI .[1hc"bIucowct`smc"bIaucBIumc`olNoVaIs'sMcnr0h vOnL]crdngcn,whchbccamc
asymboIoltomantclongng.-uans.]
. [ApunnngabbtcVatonol"A VcnucolthcLIcctot`to"AVcnucolthcLows`.-uans.J
I. [5chontg'sowndcsctptonolhstcchngucn"Lompostonwth1wcIVc1oncs,`nQc
unddcu,pp.Zl4-Z4.-uans.J
J74 NOTE5 TO PAGE5 ZZ4~
! ! . Char!cs audc!arc, "To Arscnc Houssayc, n hcOcmS n rOSc, uans. l. 5carlc (London,
l8) , p. Z5.
b0c
l . 5cc Kar! Marx and lrcdrch Engc!s, hcOrcSO]kr]kS Vukc, vo!. ! (Moscow, l8), p. J8.
Z. [5cc Adomo ct aI. , hcklhOIluruncrSOnul) (Ncw York, l8Z).-uans.]
J. !can-Pau! 5amc, WhulSLlcrulkrc (Ncw York, l5), p. Zl .
4. 5cc rcjc0hScJWS0hcncOrgckndMO]unnSlhu,cd. K. ohrngcr (Munch and Dssc!-
dorl, l5J), p. 4Z.
5. [Erwn Katz ( l8J-l7J), thc Ausuan musco!ogst, a studcnt ol 5chocnbcrg and !atcr ol
Wcbcm, bcst known lor hs Lny hrungndcmkSkS0hcOOcnchrc (l8). -uans.]
. 5cc lrcdrch H!dcr!n, "At Onc Tmc l Qucsuoncd thc Musc, n rcdr0hMkcrn. OcmS
undrugmcnlS,trans. Mchac! Hamburgcr (Cambrdgc, l), pp. 5J7-5J.
7. [Ths dscusson s bascd on thc dstncton bctwccn "Er!cbns, or !vcd cxpcrcncc, and
"Lrlahrung, or comprchcndcd cxpcrcncc, a dstncuon lor whch thcrc s no comparab!c par ol
succnct Lng!sh conccpts. -uans.]
8. [5 mcht`s p!ay %cuSkrcS uKn, n LOc0lcdu)S, cd. K. Mannhcm and !ohn W!!ctt
(Ncw York, l7l), n whch spontancous human sympathy s sacrhccd to thc ostcnsb!y hghcr goo
ol party dscp!nc.-uans.]
. [Amo Ho!z (l8J-lZ), a !cadng Gcman natura!st wrtcr who n pocms, p!ays, and cssays
ronca!!y and satrca!!y crtczcd contcmporary p!tcs and rc!gon.-uans.]
l. 5cc 5tclan Gcorgc, "Ncu!ndschc Lcbsmah!c U.`n W8kc, cd. K. ochrngcr, vo!. ! (Munch
and Dssc!dorl, l58), p. l4.
I I . Omuwr mcncr muUcr und Er!auchtc, bd. , p. 5.
lZ. [Hcmann 5udcrmann ( l857-lZ8), a !cadng natura!st wrtcr bst known lor p!ays that d
ohcn mc!odramatc and rcmotc lrom thc p!tca! rca!ty thcy c!am to ucat. -uan.]
l J. jEdward 5tcucrmann ( l8Z-l4), thc panst, composcr, and !ongtmc lrcnd and tcachcr ol
Adomo.-uans.]
l4. [5cc Musc, "bcr dcn alhrmatvcn Charaktcr dcr Ku!tur, n 0hrjcn, vo!. J (lranklurt,
l 7) , pp. l 8-ZZ. -trans.]
l 5. 5cc Wa!tcr cnjamn, "Thc Work ol Art n thc Agc ol Mcchanca! Kcproducuon, n kmnu-
lOnS, uans. Hry Zohn (Ncw York, l 8).
l. [KarI Thcoor Kasmcr Mcycrho!d ( l874-l4), thc Kussan actor and drcctor who thcatcr,
chargcd wth lorma!sm, was c!oscd n lJ8, ahcr whch hc was ancstcd and probab!y cxccutcd. -
uans.]
l7. ["Art nlomchc, thc Europ an movcmcnt that para!!c!cd Amcrcan abstract cxprcsson-
sm. 5cc Adomo's "Vcrs unc musquc nlomc!!c, n @uuSknu unluSu, uans. Kodncy Lvngstonc
(London, lZ), pp. Z-JZZ.-trans.]
l 8. [Hcm Adomo to somc cxtcnt prcsupposcs lam!arty wth hs dcscrpton ol thc hybrdzaton
or hagmcntaton ol thc arts, thc "Vcrlransung" ol art, whch s thc topc ol hs cssay "Dc Kunst und
dc Knstc, n Lhnc Lcl0d, cSummclc 0hrqcn, vo!. l. l (lranklurt, l77), pp. 4JZ-45J-
uans.]
atamcHa
l . 5cc Wa!tcr cn|amn, "Tc Work ol Art n thc Agc ol McchancaI Kcproucton, n kmnu-
lOnS,uans. Hany Zohn (Ncw York, l8), pp. Zl7h.
Z. [5cc Davd Kcsmann, cLnc)LrOWd(Ncw Havcn, l58)-trans.]
NO1L5 1O AGL5 ZB-B | J7
J. [Lmanucl !ohann !akob 5chkancdcr (l7l -l Bl Z), thc Gcrman actor, sngcr, and playwrght
who madc hs cmcr n Ausua and s now known prmarly as mc author ol thc lbrctto lor Mozart's
hc %ug0 ulc. !ohann !akob Bholcn ( l Bl -lBB7), thc mythologst and author ol mc romantc,
dlmsc, and scmnal LuS%ullcIIc0hl.-uu8.|
4. Bcn|amn, "1hc Work ol Art n thc Agc ol Mcchancal Kcproducton,` n umnulOnS,
pp. ZZZ-ZZJ.
. ["das sch Lnungcndc`. 5cc notc 7 n "5cmblancc and Lxprcsson.` trans.]
. Bcn|amn, "1hc Work ol Art n thc Agc ol Mcchancal Kcproducton,` n umnulOnS,
pp. ZZZ-ZZJ.
7. [lrom !ohann Wollgang Von GOthc, uuSl,concluson ol sccnc l , Nght.` uans.]
B. [5cc notc on "5prhcharaktcr` n "5cmblancc and Lxprcsson.` uans.]
. "1hc psradox ol cVcrythng that can rghtly b callcd bauthl s that t appcars.` 5cc Bcn|amn,
0hIqcn, cd. 1h. W. Adomo and G. Adomo, VoI. l (lranklurt, l), p. 4.
l. Quotcd n Lrk Holm, "lclskunst m sidlchcn Arka, n unSl dcI Wcl. Lc lcnJcl
(Badcn-Badcn, lN) pp. l7l.
l l . Walthcr l. L. Kcsch, "Gcdankcn zur stIstschcn Glcdcmng dcr 1crdarstcllungcn n dcr
nordahkanshcn lclsbldk0nst,` n udcuIm, %llcungcnJuIuluIkundc,Vol. l l ,l.
lZ. Holm, cSkunSlmSkd0hcn]Iku, n unSldcIWcl`LclcnJcl, p. lB.
lJ. 5cc lclx 5pscr, lhnOgIu]hS0hc %ulcrucn uuS dcn cucn McIdcn und dcn unk-
nScn (Bcrln, lZJ).
l4. lrtz Krausc, "Maskc und Ahncnhgur. Oas MotV dcr Hiillc und das rnzp dcr lorm, n
uluIunlhIO]OOgc,cd. W. L. Mihlmann and L. W. Millcr (Lolognc and Bcrln, l ), p. ZZB.
l . 5pscr, lhnOgH]hS0hc%ulcIucn, p. J9.
l. lrcdrch Nctzschc, WcIkc n dIc ndcn, cd. Karl 5chlcchta, Vo!. J (Munch and Vcnna,
l), p. 4Bl .
l7. 1hc wholc n cuI0h O]WugncI [trans. KOncy LVngstonc (London, lBl)-uans.] had no
othcr puqosc than to mcdatc thc crtguc ol thc truth contcnt ol Wagncr's compostons wth thcr
tcchnologcal suucturc and ts hagIty.
lB . ncuI0h O]WugncIsought to dcmonstratc thc mcdaton ol thc mcta-acsthctc and thc artstc
n thc work ol an mportant artst. l n Varous scctons thc study s stIl orcntcd too psychologcally to
thc artst, ncVcrthclcss thc ntcnt was a matcral acsthctcs that would gVc a socal and substantVc
voicctothc autonomousand particularlythc formalcatcgorcsofB.Tcboksconccmcdwiththc
ob|cctVc mcdtatons that consttutc thc truth contcnt ol thc work, not wth thc gcncss ol thc OuVrc or
wth analogcs. lts ntcnton was a contrbuton k phIosophcaI acsthctcs, not to thc sOology ol
knowlcdgc. What ntatcd Nctzschc about Wagncr, thc showncss, thc bombast. and thc alhrmatVc-
ncss and lostng pushncss that arc cVdcnt rght nto thc dccpst molcculc ol thc compostonaI tcch-
nquc, s onc wth thc soal dcology that thc tcxts oVcrtly cspousc. 5artrc' s dctum that a good noVcl
cannot b wrttcn hom thc pcrspctVc ol ant-5cmtsm (sJcan-auI 5artrc, Whul S LlcIuluIc!
Ncw York, l, p. B) puts thc mattcr succnctIy.
l. [5cc notc J on "aumcntcty` n ABcauty. Apparton, 5prtuaIzaton, ntutablty.` uans.]
Z. [Jc phrasc n squarc brackcts was crosscd out n thc manuscrpt, but thc scntcncc was not
othcrwsc rcVscd. cd. notc n thc orgnal Gcrman cdton.]
Zl . Katcsa 5chlosscr, LcIgnuSmuS n dcIunSldcIuluIvkcI` OOgS0h-]S)0hOOgS0hc
cSclJ0hkclcn ndcnWc0hungcn vOndcIOIWdcS VOIdcS (KcI, l Z), p. l4.
ZZ. ["Wc schn sch Bld an Bldchcn rcht,` lrom "Vcrklrtcr Hcrbst` (uanshgurcd autumn), onc
ol Gcorg 1rakI's bcst-kown short pocms, n cOIg ruk. L0hlungcn undIc]c (5alzburg, l ),
p. J7 uans.|
ZJ. Lduard Mrkc, ml0hc WcIkc, cd.|. crlahl ct al. , Vol. l (Munch, lB), p. 7J.
Z4. aul Valcry, LuvIcS, cd. 1. Hytcr, Vol. Z (ars, lb), pp. l.
J1 . NO1L5 TO PAGL5 J-JZ1
Z. Wa!tct cnjamn, hcLrgn O]cDunrug0Lrumu,ttans. John Osbomc (London, l11),
p. .
Z. [Hcdwg Loutths-Mah!ct ( lB1-l) was thc authot o motc than two hundtcd pu!p nov-
c!s.-ttans.]
Z1. [WucnSIcnSLum] s thc ptc!udc to thc WucnSIcntt!ogy (l11~l1). -ttans.]
ZB. 5cc Adomo, "ndvduum und Otgansaton," n ndvduum und LIgunSuIOn, cd. l. Ncu-
matk (Uatmstadt, l4), pp. Zl.
Z. Ao!d Gch!cn, Ubct cngc Katcgotcn dcs cnt!astctcn, zuma! dcs sthctschcn Vctha!tcns,`
n IudcnJurnIhrO]OOgc undOJOOgc (Ncuwcd and ct!n, lJ), p. 1.
J. bd., p. .
J l . [A Gctman natona!st maxm atubutcd to Kchatd Wagnct. ttans.]
JZ. cn|amn, "Thc Wotk o A n thc Agc o Mcchanca! Kcptoucton,` n umnuIOnS,
pp. ZZZ.
JJ. [Johann Ncpomuk Ncsuoy (l Bl-l BZ), thc Austtan sngct, actot, p!aywtght, nvctctatc m-
pto vsot, and caustc !tctaty and soa! cttc whosc modcm tcputaton was thc tcsu!t o hs advoacy
by Kat! Ktaus.-uans.]
J4. jVck aum ( lBBB-l), thc htst Gctman novc!st whosc catct, tcchnqucs, and ptomoton
wctc dc!bctatc!y modc!cd by hct pubIshng housc, U!!stcn, on thc Amctcan otmu!a o thc bst-
sc!!ct. aum s known as onc oU!!stcn's most succcssu! vcntutcs.ttans.]
J. j5cc notc 4 n Acauty. Appatton, 5pttua!zaton, ntutab!ty."]
J. Lhat!cs audc!atc, hc unIcr O]Ihc %OdcD L(jc, ttans. and cd. !onathan Maync (Ncw
Yotk, l4), pp. .
J1. !ohann Huznga, MOmOLudcnS(oston, l), p. 4.
JB. bd. , p. lZ1.
J. lbd., p. I4.
4. bd. p. Z.
4l . bd. p. J.
4Z. 5cc 1homas Mann, IcS und cucS. cnc rOSu uuSjn]JuhrJchnIcn (ltankutt. lJ),
pp. .
4J. Huznga, MOmO LudcnS, p. Jl .
4. ["1hc Gnat Kcusal" was a ccntta! dca o Hctbctt Matcusc's LncLmcnSOnu%un (oston,
l 4), and t bcamc a ta!Iyng cty o thc Amctcan and Gctman Ncw Lct. -Uans.]
4. 5cc cn|amn, "1hc Wotk o An thc Agc o Mcchanca! Kcptoducton,` n umnuIOnS,
pp. ZZZh.
4. L. Adomo cguIvcLuc0I0S (Ncw Yotk, l1J), pp. lB-ll .
Xc0tS0S! Bc0tcS 0H tBc LtgH 0 AH
l . Thc authot s gtcm! to Mss Kcnatc Wc!and, a gtaduatc studcnt n thc Ucpattmcnt o Ph!oso-
phy at thc Unvctsity o ltankhtt, ot hct cttca! synopss o thc thcmcs o ths cxcutsus.
Z. cncdctto Ltocc, cSIhcI0, uans. Uoug!as Ans!c (Ncw Yotk, l), p. l JZ.
J. 5cc Mc!v!!c !.Hctskovts, %unundMS WOrk (Ncw Yotk, l4B).
4. 5cc Paul Va!cty, uvrcS, vo!. Z (Fats, l1), p. Bl .
. Ao!d Hausct, hc O0uMSIOQO]rI, vo!. l (London, lZ), p. I .
. bd., p. J.
1. bd., p. .
B. bd., p. 1. [1tans!aton amcndcdttans.]
. Ltk Ho!m, "lc!skunst m sId!chcn Atka." n unSIdcrWcI. Lc IcnJcI(adcn-adcn,
l ) , p. l.
l. Hausct, hc O0uMSIOQO]rI, vo!. ! , p. 4.
NOTE5 TO PAGE5 JZ7-J7 L J77
! ! . 5cc Wa!thcr F. E. Kcsch, "Gcdankcn zur st!stschcn G!cdcmng dcr Tcrdstc!!ungcn n dcr
noranschcn Fc!sb!dknst," n umcumu,%IIcungcnJuruIurkundc, vo!. ! ! (!5), pp. !8ll.
!Z. 5cc Konrad Lorcnz, "Dc angcborcncn Fomcn mg!chcr Erlahrung," n ZIS0hr]jr
cI][0hOOgc, vo!. 5, p. Z58, Ao!d Gch!cn, "r cngc Katcgorcn dcs cnt!astctcn, zuma! dcs
sthctschcn Vcrha!tcns," n Iudcn JurnIhrO]OOgc und OJOOgc (Ncuwcd and cr!n, !J),
pp. .
!J. 5cc Frtz Krausc, "Maskc und Ahncnhgur. Das Motv dcr H0!!c und das Prnzp dcr Form," n
uIurunIhrO]OOgc, cd. W. E. M0h!mann and E. W. M0!!cr (Co!ognc and cr!n, !), p. ZJ! .
!4. Hcnz Wcmcr, LnjhrungndcLnIW0kungS]|0hOOgc(Lcpzg, ! Z), p. Z.
!5. Krausc, "Maskc und Ahncnhgur," pp. ZZJll.
!. bd., p. Z.
ta 0t000c00
! . vo Frcnzc!, "sthctk," n hOSO]hc, cd. A. Dcmcr and . Frcnzc!, vo!. ! ! (Franklurt, !58),
p. J5.
Z. 5cc cn|amn, hc Lrgn O]cOun r0g0 Lrumu,uans. 1ohn Osbomc (London, !77),
pp. 4J.
J. 5cc Adomo, "Notcs on Kaa," n rSmS, trans. 5amuc! Wcbr and 5hcn Wcbr (Cambrdgc,
!8!), pp. Z4J.
4. 5cc Gcorg W!hc!m Frcdrch Hcgc!, cSIhcI0S, uans. T. M. Knox, vo!. ! (Oxlord, !75), p. J4.
5. Apart lrom thc doctrnc ol dsntcrcstcd sauslacton, whch orgnatcs drcct!y lrom thc lorma!
sub|cctvsm ol Kant's acsmctcs, thc hstorca! boundarcs ol Kant's acsthcucs arc most apparcnt n
hs doctrnc that thc sub!mc b!ongs cxc!usvc!y to naturc, not to art. Thc art ol hs cpch, ol whch hc
ph!osophca!!y gavc a summary dcscrpton, s charactcrzcd by thc lact that wthout conccmng tsc!l
wth Kant and probab!y wthout bcng nlormcd ol hs vcrdct, t mmcrscd tsc!l n thc dca! ol thc sub-
!mc, ths s abvc a!! truc ol ccthovcn, whom ncdcnt!y cvcn Hcgc! ncvcr mcntons. Ths hstorca!
!mt was smu!tancous!y a !mt sct up aganst thc past, n thc sprt ol an agc that dsdancd thc
baroquc and whakvcr tcndcd towd thc boquc n Kcnassancc works as to much bound up wth thc
rcccnt past. lt s dccp!y paradoxca! that nowhcm docs Kant comc c!oscr to thc young Gocthc and
bourgcos rcvo!utonary art than n hs dcscrpton ol thc sub!mc; thc young pots, thc contcmporarcs
ol hs o!d agc, shcd hs scnsc ol naturc and by gvng t cxprcsson vndcatcd thc !cc!ng ol thc sub-
!mc as an artstc rathcr than a mora! rca!ty. "Consdcr b!d, ovcrhangng, and, as t wcrc, thrcatcnng
roks, thundcrc!ouds p!ng up n thc sky and movng abut accompancd by !ghtnng and thundcr-
c!aps, vo!canos wth a!! thcr dcstructvc pwcr, hurrcancs wth a!! thc dcvastaton thcy !cavc bchnd,
thc bound!css ocan hcavcd up, thc hgh watcrla!! ol a mghty rvcr, and so on. Comparcd to thc mght
ol any ol thcsc, our ab!ty to rcsst bcomcs an nsgnhcant trc. Yct thc sght ol mcm bccomcs a!!
thc morc atuactvc thc morc lcarlu! t s, provdcd wc arc n a salc p!acc. And wc !kc to ca!! thcsc
objccts sub!mc bccausc thcy rasc thc sou!'s lorttudc abovc ts usua! mdd!c rangc and a!!ow us to
dscovcr n oursc!vcs an ab!ty to rcsst that s ol a qutc dllcrcnt knd, and that gvcs us thc couragc
to b!cvc that wc cou!d b a match lor naturc's sccmng omnptcncc." Kant, LrIguc O]JkdgmcnI,
uans. Wcmcr 5. P!uhar (ndanapo!s, I87), p. !Z,
. Tc sub!mc, howcvcr, can a!so bc lound n a lom!css objcct, nsolar as wc prcscnt unboundcd-
ncss, cthcr [as] n thc objot or bccausc thc objcct prompts us to prcscnt t, wh!c yct wc add to ths
unboundcdncss thc thought ol ts tota!ty." lbd., p. 8.
7. 5cc Dona!d rnkmann, uIur und unSI. Zur hnOmcnOOgc dcS SIhcIS0hcn cgcn-
SIundcS(Zurch and Lcpzg, !J8).
8. [Adomo s rclcrrng to Hcrmann Cohcn,
_
SIhcIkdcS rcncn cjhS (Lcpzg, !!Z). -uans.]
. 5cc Arthur 5chopnhaucr, hc WOrduS Wundc]rcScnIuIOn(Ncw York, !J), pp. 5Z!.
!. [Kar! Gustav Johmann (!78-!8J), thc Gcrman scho!ar and po!tca! author known lor hs
J78 | NOTL5TOFAL5JJ7-J
ludcS OnIOlcSlunlSm and,mostmpottant,Lnngwgc, asOopltcal studyollanguagc.5cc
Waltct Bcamn, "LlustaV!Ohmann: Uc Kckschrhc dctFosc,n 0hIjcn, c. Th. W.
Adomoand. Adomo,Vol.Z. Z(tankhrt, I), pp. 7Zh. uans.]
I I . 5cc Hannsuman,"Lkntcn habn dc Opt crhndcn, n n0Iu0h, Vol. I I (IZ), pp.
Zh.
IZ. [AsautcalMunchwccklythatappatc I 8-I44,publshcdntaIlyby A.Langctand1h.
Hcnc.uans.]
IJ. 5Adomo,"Farataxs. On Hldcnn's Latc Fouy, n OlcS lO LlcIuluIc, uans. 5hicp
WcbtNcholscn,Vol.Z(NcwYotk, IZ),pp.Ih.
I4. 5ccFcmBoulcz,"Ncccsstcd`uncotcntauoncsthctguc,"nZugnSSc. hcOdOIW.dODO
Jumc0hJgSlcn c0uIlSlug, cd.M.Hotkhcmct(tanklutt,IJ),p. JJ4h.
I . 5cc!ohannottcbchtc,"tstnmuctontothc5ccnccolKnowIcdgc,"nJ. . 0hlc.
0cn0cO]nOWcdgc,cd.anduans.FctctHcathand!ohnLachs(Lambtdgc,I8Z),pp. J-Z8.
I. 5ccAdomo,Mcgc. hIccludcS,uans.5hcrtyWcbt(Boston,IJ).
I7.5ccMax Hotkhcmct and Adomo,Luc0l0 O]Lnghlcnmcnl, uans. John Lummng (Ncw
Yotk, I7Z),pp. I87-Z.
I8. 5ccAdomo,"OnLytcFouyand5Octy,nOlcSlOLlcIuluIc, Vol. ! , pp.J4ll.
I. 5Adomog nlIoWlOn lO lhcO0OOg)O]muS0, mns.Ashton(NcwYotk, I7),chaptctIZ.
Z.5Adomo, "
@
t das gcgcnwmgc Ycmlms Von Fhlosophc und Musk, nOSOju
d`uIlc (Komc andMlan,IJ),pp.h.
0t0 RtctW0t0
I . [TranslatcdbyL.B. Ashton(NcwYotk, lJ).-uans.]
Z. [AlthoughAdomoddnotwttcthcbokonmotaphlosophy,hslccturcsonthctopcwllbc
publshcddIO0cmcdcImOIu]hOSO]hc nVolumc lolhspsthumouswttngs.-uans.]
J.[Ttanslatcd,ok,dwmnuoductonbyKobcttHullot-Kcntot(Mnncapols,I8).-
uans.]
4.[Translatcdwithnmuction and annotatonbyJuianeBrandandLhristopherHailey(Lam-
btdgc,II).-uans.]
. ["LnlctungzuLmlcUutkhcmOJOOgc mhOSO]hc,ncSummclc0hIjcn vol.8,
p. Z4. uans.j
. ["Lhcd Languagc: On thc Fouy ol Kudoll Borchmdt, n OlcS lO LlcIuluIc, uans.
5hcyWcNcholscn,Vol.Z(NcwYotk, Z), p. IJ.-uans.]
7. [TtanslatcdbylynAdlcyandUaVdnsby(London,I7). -uans.]
8. [Adomo,"MatgnaazuTcotcundFs,nl0hWOIlc, cSummclc 0hIjcn, Vol. l.I
(,I 77),p.7.-uans.]
HUCX
LDmQIc0 Dj M8SS8u NccDj
Adomo, GmtcI, xv
AIcmbtt, !can d` , 7
AItcnbrg, Pctcr, 7
Andcrs, GInthcr, !5J
Andcrscn, Hans Chrstan, !7
ApoIInairc, GuIIaumc, 8
Atistophancs, 225
Aristot!c, !8, !25, !4, 22, 2J, 22, 2J8
Atgct, Eugcnc, 5
Auschwtz, I52
ach, !ohann Scbastan, 5-, !-7, !42,
! 58, !, !72, ! 8J, l8, !, 2! , 2, 2!,
2! ! , 2!2, 22, 22! , 24, JJ7
achofcn, !ohann, 2, 28
acon, lrancs, 255
arbcy d' AurcvIIy, !uIcs, 257
audcIarc, CharIcs, 8, !4, 2, 2! , 22, J,4,48,
4, 7, 85, 2, ! !4, !JJ, !! , !J, !2, 224,
2J, 2J7, 24, 254, 257, 28 ! , 28, J!, J2! ,
J22, J54
aum, Ycky, J!4
caumatchas, Picrrc dc, 242
cckctt, SamucI, !, 2, 27, J-Jl , J2, 4, 7,
8!-82, 2, ! 28, ! JJ, ! J4, ! J5, !47, !5J,
!54, !8, 2!, 224, 2J4, 24-5, 27! , J2,
J!7, J!8, J2, J22, J4, J47, J, J7 n. !
ccthovcn, Ludwg van, , !J, J, 45, 85, 88,
8, !-!! , !7, ! !, ! !5, ! !, !2J, !4! ,
!74, !77, !7, ! 85, ! 88, !5, !8, 2,
2-7, 2, 2!2, 2!5 , 2! 8, 22! , 222, 224,
24! , 245, 25J, 27, 277, 284, 2, 28, J7,
J!-2, J4, J58, J77 n. 5
cnjamn, Wa!tcr, xv, xv, 2J, 25, JJ, 445, 5,
77, 7, 84, 85, 2, !, ! !2, ! !, !45,
!72, !75, ! 82, !J, !5, ! , 25, 2! 8, 254,
2J, 272, 274-75, 27, 2, J, J!-! ! ,
J2, J22, JJJ, JJ, J54, J2, J8 n . 5 , J
nn. J, 5, J78 n. ! !
cnn, Gottfrcd, 4
crg, AIban, !4, 4J, 27, 2! 5, 2, 27. J4,
J! , J2, JJ, J n. 5, J7! n. 8
crgson, Hcnri, , !J2, J2
crIoz, Hcctor, J8, !5, 2! 5, 2! 8
Ioch, Emst, J7
orchadt, KudoIf, 2, 8, JJ, J7 n. 8
ouIcz, Pcnc, 2!, J42
J7
rahms, !ohanncs, 27, 24
raquc, Gcorgcs, J2
rccht, crtoIt, ! 8, 27, J2, J, 4, 5, 7, ,
!2J, !47, !4, !! , 2, 2!, 22, 22, 2J2,
242, 247, 22, 2, J!
rcton, Andrc, 4
mckncr, Anton, 2, !2, 24
IIchncr, Gcorg, 4! , !5
JB | NULX
Cagc, !ohn, l4
Catossa, Hans, 4l
Canoll, Lcws, ZZ
Cclan, Paul , Zl, JZl , JZZ
Cctvantcs, Mgucl dc, Z1-ZB, ZZ, Z41-4B
Chopn, ltcdctc, l, Z4
Cmabuc, Zl l
Claudus, Mathas, l4
Cotcau, !can, J, ZB
Colcttc, J lJ, Jl4
Cotot, Camllc, B
Courths-Mahlct, Hcdwg, J
Ctocc, cncdctto, l, Zl , Z1, JZ-Z, JJJ
Ual, 5alvadot, ZZ
d` Annunzo, Gabrclc, ZJ
Ucbussy, Claudc, Z, l l , l9, lB, Zl4, Jl ,
JB-
dc Gaullc, Chatlcs, Z4
Ucwcy, !ohn, JJ, JJ
Ulthcy, WIhclm, B, J4
Uutkhcm, Lmlc, JZ-bJ
Lchcndotll, !oscph,
Llot, T. 5., Z4
Lngcls, lrcdrch, J14 n. l
Lpcurus, "Z
Lmst, Max, Z, ZB
Lutpdcs, Z, ZJZ
lchtc, !ohann Gottlcb, l l, l1, J4J
llaubctt, Gustavc, 4, J, l4, ZB
ltcud, 5gmund, B, -l J, l , l l1, l BJ
ltsch, Max, 4B
ltobnus, Lco, ZB, JZ
Gaugun, Paul, l
Gchlcn, Amold, J, JZ1
Gcgct, Mottz, JJZ
Gcotgc, 5tclan, xv, l , 4, 4, lZ, l1, ZJ1,
Z4B-4
Gcsualdo dc Vcnosa, Catlo, 4l
Gdc, Andtc, lZ
Gotto d ondonc, Zl l
Gocthc, !ohann Wollgang von, 1 l , 1Z, 1J, l l4,
l ZB, lJZ, l l , l l , l 1l , l1, lB, lJ, ZJJ,
Z4B, J4, J1, J n. l1, J1 n. 1, J11 n.
Gogh, Vnccnt van, 4l , l4, l
Gotk, Maxmc, Z1
Gtab, Hcrmann, lB
Gtcco, Ll, 4l , l
Gucvata, Chc, ZlZ
Guys, Constantn, Jl
Haag, Kml Hcnz, lJ
Haas, Wlly, Jl J
Habctmas, !iItgcn, J1 n. l Z
Halm, August, Zl
Hauptmann, Gcthatt, 4, Z1
Hausct, Aold, JZ1
Haydn, !oscph, lB, ZZZ-Z4
Hcbbcl, lrcdrch, , 1, l4
HcbI, Johann Pctct, Z, l4
Hcgcl, G. W. l., xv, l , J, , 1, lZ, lJ, l, l1,
l B-l, Z1, JZ, 4l , 44, 4, , l , 1, l , Z,
J, 4, -b, 1l , 1Z, 1J, 14-11, B, BZ, B,
, l-Z, 4, 1, , lZ, l, l1, lB,
l, l l, l lJ, l lB, l4, l41, l4B, l4, l ,
l l , l, l l , lJ, l, l, l 1l , l1, l Bl ,
l B, l, Zl , Z, ZB, ZlZ, Zl, ZZZ, Z4,
Z, ZJ, Z, Z-1, Z1 l , Z1J-1, Z,
Z, JB, Jl J, J l, JZ, JZJ, JZ-Z,
JJJ~J4, JJ, JJ1, JJB, J4Z, J4J, J44-,
Jl , JZ, JJ, J4-, J4
Hcdcggct, Mattn, , JZ, JB n. B, J1 n. J
Hctskovts, Mclvllc !., JZ, JZ
Htlct, Adoll, lB, Z4, 4
Holmannstahl, Hugo von, l, ZJ1
Hldctln, ltcdtch, xv, J, 1l , 14, l l , Z4,
J4
Holm, Ltk, JZ1-ZB, J1 n. l
HoIz, Ao, Z4B-
Homct, , l BB1
Hotacc, l Z, ZB
Hotkhcmct, Max, x, JJ-Jl , J nn. Z, B, J1B
n. l1
Hugo, Vctot, Z
Huznga, Johan, Jl B-l
Humbldt, Wlhclm von, 1l , 1Z
Hussctl, Ldmund, 1, ZB~B
Huxlcy, Aldous, Z1, ZBl
bscn, Hcntk, , ZJ1, Z1, ZBl , J4
oncsco, Lugcnc, J41
!ohmann, Katl Gustav, JJ1
!oycc, Jcs, Z, l lZ, l4,ZB
NOLX L J8
JucndslI, , 8!, , , ZJ!, ZJV, Z!-8,
ZVZ, J, JZ , Z!0-!
Jung, Latl , 8
Kaka, tanZ, Z, J, , V, Z, Z, Z!,
V-V, ZJ0-J , J04, J 8, JZZ, JJJ, JJV
Kahlct, Ltch, !V
Kahnwclct, OanclHcnty, 8, J0
Kandnsky, Wassly, 8!, 4, 4V, Z0!, ZVJ
Kanl, mmanucl , x, , V-J, , 8, ZZ, 4J, 48,
4V, !, V, , Z, J, 4, , ,!0, ! , !Z,
!, V, V , VZ, V4, V!, VV, 0V, J, 4, ,
Z, Z, J8, JV, 40, 4!, Z, J,
!0, ! , !V, V-V!, V8-VV, Z0Z, Z,
Z!, Z4, Z!, ZV, Z!, Z88, JJ4, JJ,
JJ8, J4J, J , JZ,JJ, J4-
Kctkcgawd, 5tcn, xV, , 4V, V!, J44, J4
Klagcs, Ludwg, 8, 4
Klcc, aul, V, J4, N, 8Z, Z4, ZZ , Z!, ZV0,
ZVZ
Klcsl, Hcntch VOn, ZJ0
Ktaus, Katl,J, !0, VJ, 0Z, 4V, J4, JV n. J
Ktausc, tlZ, Z80-8 , JZ8
Ktcnck, Lmsl, J04
Kubn, Alltcd, V
Kuhn, Hclmul, Z
K0mbtgct, ctdnand, V, ZZ4
LaclOs, cttc, ZZ4
LalOtguc, Kcnc, 8
Lagctl, 5clma, J
LautnamOnt, LOmtc dc, V
Lcbnz, Ollhcd Wlhclm, ZJ, Z8Z
Lcnhatdt, L. , J! n. 8
LcOnatdO da Vnc, 8
Lcssng, OtthOld, 84, J!0 n.
Lcbtuck, BtunO, J
Lgcl, ytgy,
LOckc, JOhn, Z!V
LOOs, AdOll, Z, 4, 8, N
LOtcnZ, KOntad, J0V, JZ!
Luk8cs, ytgy, 4J, V, 4~Z, 4!, 8, 88,
ZJZ, Z4-, J0Z, JZZ, JJJ
Maclctlnck, Mautcc, ZJV, Z!0, J0
Mahlct, ustaV, xV, 4 , 8V, V!, ZZ
MalIatmc, 5lchanc, Z4, J8, V4, JZ
Maltaux, Andtc, Z4
Mancl, LdOuatd, J, ZV
Mann, 1hOmas, 0, 8, J 8
Matcusc, Hctbt|, ZZ, J! n. 44
MaC, Katl, , 8V, VJ, Z08, ZZ!, Z44,
ZN, J4
MassOn, Andtc, ZZV, Z, Z!, JU
MaulZ, Kutl, Z0!
McndclssOhn, clx, ZVZ
McndclssOhn, MOscs, l0
Mcuncts, Lmlc, ZJ0
Mcyct, 1hcOdOt, V!-V8
McycthOld, Katl, Z
Mcytnk, uslaV, V
MchclangclO BuOnanOll, 0
MllOn, JOhn, ZZ!
MOndtan, cl, !, 8
MOncl, Llaudc, VZ
Mtkc, Lduatd, ZJ-Z4, ZV!
MOZat|, WOllgang Amadcus, xV, 4, J, l V,
4 , Z, !!, ZU, ZZ0, ZZ , ZJZ, ZJ, ZV4,
J0-!, JJ!
NaQlcOn, , V8
NcsuOy, !Ohann, J4
Ncwman, Bmclt, x
Ncwman, Lmcsl, Z0
NclZschc, tcdtch, J, 4!, 4V-0, , !0, 0 ,
ZV, J, 44, !0, Z04, ZJJ, Z!, ZJ , Z8 ,
Z84, J4 , J, J! n. 8
NOVals, J!J n. 8
cdus, J8
Offcnbach, Jacgucs, J4
!brch, Llltcdc, J
allO, Andtca, V
cmlz, LcO,8J
lznct, Hans, 4
cassO, ablO, Z4, J0, 4, VJ, 0, 8, !8,
Z, ZJ!, Z, Z!, Z8, Z8!, ZV8, J0Z
cm dclla tanccsca, Z , JJ!
ssanO, LamlIc, Z4, !
lalO, xV, 8Z, 8J, 08, JZ, Z0 , Z0Z, Z0J, ZZ,
ZJ8,ZV8,JZ8, JJ0
Oc, Ldgat Allan, !V, Z0, !Z, Z , JJ, ZV8
Ound, LZta, Z4
tOusl, Mwccl , xV, J, !, 0Z, JZ, J, 4V,
8!, Z8, J0 , JJV
uccn, acOmO, Z0V, JJ-4
uVs dc LhaVanncs, cttc, J
J8Z | NOLX
Kahacl, JJ7
KalZ, Ltwn, ZJV
KaVcl, Mautcc, l8
Kcmbtandl Van K|n, V, l l0
KcnOt, cnc Auguslc, 7
Kcsch, Wallct, Z80, JZ7
Kcgl, AlOs, , l4, lV
Kcsmann, OaVd, l l, J74 n. Z
Klkc, Kanct Mata, l lZ, ZJ7
Kmbaud, Atmut, J-4, Z0, ZZ, JJ, 4, VJ, lVZ,
ZJ7, Jl
KOscnktanZ, Katl, 4
KOssn, OacchnO, l0
KOusscau, Jcan-Jacqucs, J-, 8
5adc, Matqus dc, lJZ
5anl-5a0ns, Lamllc, Z0, J0l
5anl-5mOn, Llaudc, 7, Zl8
5atuc, Jcan-aul, ZJ, Z4Z, Z, J47, J7 n. l 8
5chmOun, H. B. , 44
5chcllng, tcdtch, 47, l, 7Z, 77, 78, Vl , l l0,
lJ0, ZZZ, J44
5chkancdct, Lmmanucl, Z8
5chllct, tcdtch, Z7, Z8, Z, ll , ll , l7l ,
lV7, ZZ, ZJ4, J0J, Jl7
5chlcgcl, tcdtch, J
5chlOssct, Kalcsa, JZ7, J7 n. Zl
5chnabcl, A, l
5chOcn, msl, Z8
5chonbtg, AOld, 4, l, Z0, ZZ, J0, J, 40,
4J, 4, VJ, l l, lJ7, l47, l8, l8V, ZU,
Z0, Zl, Zl, ZJ0, Z4, Z7, Z70, J0Z, J04,
JZJ, J4Z, J, J74 n.
5chOQnhauct, Atlhut, l0Z, lJ7, lJ8, l4V, J4,
J77 n. V
5chubctl, tanZ, 4, 7Z, l lZ, lV, l7Z, l7J,
l 88, ZV4
5chulZc, WOlgang (WOls), 8
5chumann, KObctl, l8, l 84
5hakcscatc, Wllam, Z7, 4, 7l , l0Z, l Z8, ZlJ,
Z47, Z4-
5bclus, Jcan, 4l
5mmcl, cOtg, JJ4
5mclana, Bcdtch, Jl l
5Olgct, Katl, 7Z
5Ombatl, Wcmct, Z0
5csct, clx, Z80-8l
5lagct, Lml, ZJ
5laln, JOscl, Z4
5lcn, Ltwn, l4Z
5lcndhal, J l l
5lcuctmann, Ldwatd, Zl , J04
5lHct, Adalbctl, ZJJ
5lOckhauscn, KatlhcnZ, Z4, J8, lV, l77-78
5lOtm, 1hcOOt, Z7
5uauss, JOhann, J!4
5ltauss, Kchatd, J8, lVZ, Zl, Zl, ZV
5ltaVnsky, gOt, J, l7V, ZV, Z70, ZVV
5mndbtg, Augusl, V, Z4, Z7
5udctmann, Hctmann, Z4V
5uhtkam, clct, JZ
5ZOnd, clct, JZl
1hOma, Hans, 4l
1cdcmann, KOll, xV, J7 n. lJ
1OlslOy, LcO, 88, l V8, Z4l
1Oscann, Am,lJ
1takl, cOtg, lZZ-ZJ, ZV, J7Z n. Z
1tOlsky, LcOn, l 8
1mct, JOsch, 4l , l7J
Llbtchl, Wallct, Z4
Valcty, aul, , Z4, 8l , l4, l, lZ, l 74-7,
l 8l , l8, Zl7, ZlV, ZZ7, Z88, ZVl , ZV7, ZV8,
JZl , JZ, JZ, JV, J70 n. 7
Van OOngcn, Kccs, ZZ9
Vctd, uscc, Z0V
Vctlanc, aul, JV, , l l
Vctmcct, Jan, l4V
VcO, amballsla, Z4
Vschct, tcdtch 1hcOOt, VV, lZ8
VOllatc, ZJZ, Jl4
Wagnct, Kchatd, l4, Z0, JV, Z, VV, l0Z, l lV,
lZV, lZ, lV, lVJ, l V7, Z4Z, ZJ, ZZ-J,
ZV4, J l0, J7l n. l , J7 nn. l7, l 8, J7 n. Jl
Wmbutg, Aby, J4
Wcbt, Latl, J, l lV
Wcbt, Max, Z0, 4, l l
Wcbm, AnlOn VOn, 4J, 78, l4, lV-N, l 80,
l8l , ZlZ, Zl, J0Z, J04, J74 n.
Wcdcknd, tank, 8, lV, 4Z, 8l , 84, 88, ZV, Jl0,
J40
Wcmct, HcnZ, JZ8
Wcland, Kcnalc, J7 n. l
Wggcthaus, KOll, xx
Wldc, Oscat, l, ZJV
NDEX | J8J
W!!ams, W!!am Car!os, lZJ
Wnckc!mann, !oachm, J7Z n. l
Wttgcnstcin, Ludwg, Z5, Jl8, J D. l8, J7l
n. Z
Wo!s. cc5chu!zc, Wo!fgang
Zcsng, Ao!d, l4Z
Zhdanov, Andrci, 55, Z54
Zo!a, Em!c, ZJ, Z4
Zwcg, 5tcfan, J
1i agc intcntional( lcf b/ank
1Bc000t W.00M0 (lV0J-V), QIDSDQcI, SDCIDDgISl, CDmQDScI, 8u0 m0SI-
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