1.

0 OBJECTIVES

To perform on of the welding techniques and understand important of arc welding.
Define the problem that occurs on the arc welding.
Recognize the type of metal, electrode, and tools that are used in arc welding.
Recognize types of arc welding and steps to create the arc welding.
To know safety measure when use the welding machine along the welding process.


2.0 INTRODUCTION

Shielded metal arc-welding (SMAW) is one of the oldest, simplest and most versatile
joining process.
Nearly half of all industrial and maintenance welding currently is performed by this
process.
The electric arc is generated by touching the tip of a coated electrode against
workpiece and withdrawing it quickly to a distance sufficient to maintain the arc.
The heat generated melts a portion of the electrode tip, its coating and the base metal
in the immediate arc area.
The Stick welding power source provides constant current (CC) and may be either
alternating current (AC) or direct current (DC), depending on the electrode being
used. The best welding characteristics are usually obtained using DC power sources.
The electrode coating deoxidizes the weld area provides a shielding gas to protect it
from oxygen in the environment.
This welding process can be accomplished by a number of different methods. One
primary difference in this method is the energy sources used for welding-an electric
arc, gas flame, laser, even ultrasound.
As a rule, welding is pretty much the same across industries, so welders have the
flexibility of shifting from one industry to another, depending on demand.
Today, welders is needed almost everywhere, welding careers are in demand right
now. If you are good welding with some experience, you have got a real good chance
of finding a job just about anywhere in country.
3.0 SAFETY

3.1 Safety in shop floor

Arc welding can be hazardous
Read and follow all labels and the owners manual carefully
Only qualified person are to install, operate or service the
machine.
Keep children away
Pacemaker weares keep away
Welding wire and drive parts may be at welding voltage

Electric shock can kill
Always wear dry insulating gloves
Insulate yourself from work and ground
Do not touch live electrical parts
Disconnect input power before servicing
Keep all panels and covers securely inplace

Fumes and gases can be hazardous
Keep your head out of the fumes
Ventilate area, or use breathing device

Welding can cause fire or explosion
Do not weld near flammable material
Watch for fire
Do not locate unit over combustion surface
Do not weld on closed containers.
Arc rays can burn eyes and skin
Wear welding helmet with correct filter



3.2 Objectives Of Shop Floor Safety

To ensure student are able to do a work in a safe environment.
To make sure student know the hazards in the workshop and safety action
should be taken by them.
To train student to operate the machine safely and avoid the hazard.
Warned student the right way to use the machine that is not broken.
Warned student to report any emergencies or accidents to the supervisor.


3.3 Safety Measure in Shop Floor



Welding is a process involving with electricity and high temperature (heat), so we
must take precaution in doing this process to as precaution. The safety are:

1) Wear safety equipment such as head shield, glove and apron (safety
jacket) before start welding.
2) Do not watch the ultraviolet rays spatter when welding using eye without a
head Shield.
3) Carry Out at a comfortable area and where the is good welding will be done away
from the flammable materials.
4) Do not disturb other student that are still work.
5) Do not use tools that we do not recognize.









4.0 METHODOLOGY

1. First, cut the iron rod into 10 cm pieces and each student get two pieces of it

2. Clean the surface of the metal plate with wire brush before welding.
3. Mark the point where you wish to begin your weld on the metal plate.
4. Select the appropriate electrode with the type of your work.
5. Adjust the electrical current between the electrodes as suitable for the particular size
80-90
6. Welding on a flat surface and the angle between the electrode and the object of work
is between 15-30 degree .




7. The metal plate has two surface, so one of surface do a welding line in three line.
While another surface do a welding woven in three line also.

8. Then, strike an arc with long scratching motion of the electrode across the workpiece.
9. Finally of the weld, quickly lift the electrode away from the workpiece.
10. The electrode was dropped from the holder and put down the electrode holder.
11. Wearing clear shield on the welding helmet, chip away the slag on the weld bead.
12. After completed all the above process, make sure to tidy up your worktable.






5.0 OBSERVATION

1. The north is not uniform or uneven
Using the appropriate degrees of inclination.

Adjust the voltage

2. The plates are not in a straight position
Making a nail at the end of the weld plates

Use the support plate to establish the position of the plate to get a straight
plate

3. The difference should affect the melting of metals
80-85 = slow molten metal


















6.0 RESULT


As a result, what I can conclude on my work is that:
By using high current, the electrode melt faster and molten puddle will be excessively
large and irregular. It will also leave a groove in the base metal along both sides of
the weld and therefore undercut will occur.
Effects of high current:
Spatter occurs in large drops alongside the weld.
Bead is too wide, too thin and undercut at edges.
Flux melts too rapidly, runs off the top of the weld.
If the current is too low, there is not enough heat to melt the base metal and the
molten pool will be too small.

Effects of low current during weld:
Inadequate penetration (weak weld).
Difficulty in striking arc.
Arc goes out often and difficulty in maintaining the arc.
From my welding techniques is that the speed that I used is too fast. As a result, the
molten pool will be thin and irregular. This will also lead to lack of penetration where
shallow fusions happen between weld metal and base metal.


7.0 CONCLUSION


As conclusion, the objective can achievable to do the practical welding. The student must
have skill to do the welding, used the knowledge and understanding of the theories, and also
welding techniques are applied in the practical welding. The practical task have been
complete and the report will accomplished to prove the student can be do the practical task of
Shielded metal arc-welding (SMAW).