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Rll
SEctlon lH
14
= 137.59
SS = Syy - SSR
= 159.71429 -1 37.59143
= 22.123
iP = MS = sse = 22.123
11 - 2
F:
'
b)
12
1.8436
'
y=fio .f3,x
y = 48.0l29fi.!.-2.j.-2()80l7(4.3)
=3799
c)
g = 48.0!29(i:l->.3>980>7f:\.7) = 39:\9
d) e=y-Y=46.l-39.39=6.7l
C::~ef
:>::cdic:t.o:
CM>::ot.;'l.!'!t.
14 . i9S
'td~
per \t.t.
to. 092
5 . 2187<1
\r.:liy~i~
of
Si. Cocf
9 . 059 1. 51 0 . 128
1 . 298 7 . 84 0 . 000
v~=i~r.cc
ss
:-:s
1672. 5
167:1'. 5
21. 2
Of
Sou:ce
ko;:c::o~i:m
P.c~idl::d :::'0.!'
30
Bl7. 1
t ot-41
31
242"9. 5
"
O. GCO
61 . t1t
s,y =
/3, =
165.727 1
y= 14.2+ 10.1x
a2 = MS . = SSe
E
= 817.1
11- 2
30
27 .24
no,; ------.:._-------------,
100
70
b)
<::)
_f3!:: -10.1
1
- - x iO= 0.99
dl I 0 . I
i'~:.u~et.er
!r.t.c:.c:cpt.
Slope
br:~:
!..66765
'I.Uuc
- 3 . 19906
0 . 00349
9 . 20836
0 . 03371<11,
212. 60
o.ococo
S-.=4 of SqU:c~
of
2605B3. l2
~c::oidl!:ti
31. 7.:6069
10
l'ot..U ICon. )
:?QC620. Q7
ll
Co:rr.btbr. C;,effic:ic:-;t.
~t. .
.JCVC!
V~:ienc:e
or
:-:::del
St.r.d. ::or of
! 'Of)
l::::.t.i=t.e
- 6 . 3355
\:-.~::;~i~
So~:c:c
St.er.d~:d
Squ::t...-C
f'- P..:t.io
P:ob. .....cvcl
2BOSI!J. 12
14331, . 1,
0 . 00000
Y.e::..r.
3 . 171,6(19
0 . 999933
l.9<121N
=3-7746
y = -6.3.').5.:; ~ 9.208j6x
b)
u -7. a)
60
>-
50
40
850
1050
950
X
~:e-dict;?:
Cl>Cf
-16. 509
Stocw
Co:-;~t.::.r,t
9 . 1!0
- 1.6B
0 . 112
0 . 06936
0 . 010~5
16. 2\
(i , (i<l
0 . 000
s.
2 . 706
R- Sq ladj)
R- Sq SO. Cl
ss
::s
Re;::-c~~ior.
""
322'. 50
322'. 50
14 . 03
0 . 000
::o:
11
81>. 51
7 . 3i
!-ot.d
!>
403. 0
Sou::ce
a = 7.3~12
>-
50
40
850
9 50
X
Coo!
Cl>r.~t.l'..r,t
23l . 07
- 3 . 50&.6
19. 9(,
\r.al:,~i~
Reg:c~~br.
t'otal
b)
13. 15
1,.. 03
0 . 4911
- 7 . 14
o.occ
o.oco
R- Sq.::.dj) E6. 2\
"'
'
1
ss
".s
20329
20329
~1 . 04
0 . 000
27GB
39.
2311;
of V::.:iar.ce
Sot.::cc
:::;,:
St.Dc:v
R- Sq B7. 9i
1050
lH1. a)
2600-
"'2 100-
..
1 600'~---------.--~.---.---~
0
s
10
IS
20
2S
X
2625. 39
-36. 962
s ,.. 99. 05
\r;::.lj'~i~
t.S. JS
2 . 967
~-Sq
of
St!.lev
C!>ef
C::~~~tel'\t-
89. Gt
"
0 . 000
57. 90
-12. 4(i
0 . 000
R- S':jladj) - 69. 0\
V::.:i.a.r.~
~u:ee
~n:t~~br.
t:~
ss
!"!"!)!'
lB
!S22E'l9
l 76602
tot..-::1
19
1699421
b) tT
1522819
0 . 000
155. 21
9Bll
98n .~
fJ .. 26'>.,Sj9- j6.96V:
c) fJ = !!.62..;.39- j6.9&2{:lO) = 1886.15
d)
lfth.-:rew~ ooerror, tlt.e\aln.e.s ,.,rouldalllie aJong tf:.e 45 li~. Tr.e plot indicates age is ressoooble trgff'.S,SOt
2600
25()()-
2<00
21002200-
t:
~
2100
2000
1900-
1800
o . ne.
0 . 65JB
0 . 11806
t b:c
S 0 . 2ei2Bl
\.-.llj'~i~
'""'
~
1700
oot .. o . 65B
\'ariable.
2100
r~
0 . 1657
0 . 01(00
R- Sq
9~ . 7t
3 . 97
12. 12
0 . 003
0 . 000
~-Sq!::.dj)
94 . 1\
-:;,! V::.:dc.r.ee
CF
ss
~s
PoC9!'C~~ i ::~r.
13. 344
13. 344
161 . 69
0 . 000
ll:e~idu::.l :':'0:'
0 . 143
lt. . oe1
0 . 01?3
So!:!".c:e
10
l'ot>l
fJ .. 0 .6.;8.0.178.\'
n .. 0.083
b)
c) 0 .178{l) = 0,;.:)4
...
...
33
.. ,..
" 3.0
<
,..
...
l.S
0.5
1 .5
,..
z.s
3.5
...
All the points would liea long tlt.e45 degree line y =fl.Tltat is, the rqression mOOd '"ou.Jdestimate tlevalu.esexactly.At trJs point. tr.eg111ploof
obsenui:vs. predicted indicates tl>.at tlt~simpl e linear rtgression model prmi des a reasomble fit to the data.
ll-l.!).
sc.f.tetpklt Of)' v U
2.7
2.5
!A
..
,., 2.3
2.1
1A
15
10
'
"
"
"'
35
tfs pnssible to fit t~isdata withstraight 1ine mock!, but it's oot a good fit. T~.ere is a cun'Stt.tes~.o\''non the scatter plot.
4
eocr
~:-odict.o:
sr. Coef
2 . 01977
C?r.~t.er.t.
0 . 0531.3 31!.02
o.cco
1 . 24
0 . 000
0 . 02Bil& 0 . 003966
S 0 . 159159
S:m:-<QC:
UF
ss
;.:s
LJ2iC
LJ2iC
P.c;:-e::.~ior,
~~idt:nl
R-Sqltt~j)
R- Sq 67.7t
66. 4\
52 . 12 0 . 000
0 . 6333 0 . 0253
26 l . 96i3
::-o:
25
t'otttl
Y= 2.02- 0 .0:!87X
u =0 .0~
2.6
..
2.5
2.4
)o.,
2.3
2.2
,_,
2.0
~
2.0
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
y.flot
2.6
2. 7
2.9
tf the relationship betwten lengtltandagewasddcrministic. IJ!.i' points "''ocld faJ I on IJ!.e45 d<:gree line y = y. Because the points in this plot vary
substantially from tllis line, it a ppears tr.at age is not a reasonablccOOict for tr.e regressor variable in this model.
11-17.
b)
fl, = -0.00>;
a)
ll-19.
b)
T~.eslopesofboth regression JUOdds wi.ll be tl:-esame. but t~.e inter<x""Pt wiJI be shifted.
y = :!13241- J6.9f;l8x
Po= 2625.39
vs.
fi, =- 36.96 18
fi, =- 36.9618
'
I 1-2 1.
a)
se(/30 )
1.032
I 2.4 583
T. = fl, 1
fJ, =
se(/31 )
2.3445 = 20.387
0. 115
= Ms8 = 2.1938
c) u
Ho:/Jt=O
:}) Hl:jj11:0
4)
a=o.o.;
J. = MSR = SSR/1
0
MSE SSE I ( 11 -
2),
6) Reject Ho i ffo
.. 137-59
SSE= Syy- SSR
.. 1.)'!).71 4 ~9- l37-59l4.l
.::22.1~
10
137.59 = 74.63
22.123 / 12
8) Since 74.63 > 4-7 5 reject Ho aodoonclnde tha t oom pres.sl ~strength is significant in predicting intrinsic permesbilityofooncreteat
a= o.o.;. We can t.lterefor-econclude that th.e model spe::ifiesa usdu.l linear relationship betwteo tll.esetwo\"ariable.;.
P- t.\1lue .. o.ooooo2
.. ., I
-X 2
II
So:
- +-
se(fto)= u -
fE
8436
= 0.2696
1.
25.3486
1 3 07 142
]= 0.9043
1.8436 - +
14 25.3486
:eqre~,ion ~~ti~n i~
C:>ef
S Cocf
Cor.::.t.u.t
1-1 . !SS
9 . 059
1. 51
0 . 121!"
'(d::.
pi!!' '.tt
10. 092
l . 2SB
7 . 1!<1
0 . 000
5 . 21B74
R-S~
;\r::tiy~i~
67. a
S- :kjidj)
66.1\
of V:tri:t!'lc:c
S:mroc
bF
ss
Y.S
1672. 5
8!.) . 1
1672. 5
R~rc:.:.i~!"l
P.c~idt!!!.l !"!'!)%
30
l'ot:tl
"
~>La
0 . 000
2L2
:?t.B9. 5
Refer to t lt.eANOVA
H0
: ~1 =
Hl:/11<~;0
a = 0 .01
Because tt..e P-valu.e = 0.000 <a= 0.01. reject H(,. (f th.eassumptionsar e\a lid. weoonclnde that theN! is a useful linear tclations.hip betwem f.l!.ese two
\'3riables.
b)
(!
:!.7.~
7.2 = 1.287
se(P 1 ) = ~
-2= ~
s"
se(P0 ) =
c)
1)
16.422
I
11
x2
+-s,-,. = ,
72
-.4...,.,.1= 9.056
27.2 - +32 16 22
Ho:/J1=10
,l) H1 : P1 ~10
4)
= 0 .01
_ fi,-P,,o
se</i )
1
6) Reject Ho if to
I = IO.o92- 10 = 0.07 15
0
1.287
8) Bccause0.0715 < 2.7.;0. fail to reject Ho.Tlt.cre is not enongtu:,id.encetooooclndethat tlt.es.lopediffcrs from 10 a t a= O.iH.
3) 11,:/l,O
4)
o 0.01
51 neoauurisri<is
fo=
MSR
SSR II
MSc = SSe 1 (II - 2)
280583.12/ 1 = 74334
37.746089 / 10
.4
; =
IO
8) Sii)OC 743..14-4 > 10.049, ttj ect Ho andooncludt:t.h modtl is tatfW Q 0.01. P-1.-aiUJt <0.000001
b)
5) Tbt..,.st>listl<is
fJ, - flu,
o = se{jJ,)
6)
7)
9.11- 10
to = 0.0338
- 23.37.
! = - 6.3355- 0- -3.8
0
1.66765
P\'aluc <0.005. Rtjcx.1 ~~) andoonch:.de that tJ;e intercept .should be iocludOO. in the modtl.
11:1.9. Rtfcr to Ibe ANOVA for Exercise ll7
a) H0 :1J1 0
H1 :jj1 Hl
a=O.O,S
fo =<14.0>79
J.os.J.u = 4.&
/o>/Q.l.u
lbudort. rtjtd Ho P~tce OD0004.
b)
sd}'i0) = 9&346
Ho:floO
<)
Hl:{1o+.o
o=O.OS
to,. -JI,.iJ8
1.0 2,5.11 .. 2.201
1'<111- -atw
a) llo:/J,O
H1:/h O
a 0.01
/o \$5.2
/.ou>8 ll.28s
lo >la.us
b) Mljl,l45~68
..#0 )11#>81
c) Ho;/J, ....30
Ht:/3,-. ..30
Q.
10
0.01
2.9668 1
2 3466
r.oo~.18 2.878
ro!.1.. ,4/2,18
Tbrrdort.do not rejt Ho. p.,.,k e = 0.01.53(2) = 0.0;306.
d)
Ho;fl
:fl o
H1
0
0. 0.01
... 57.8957
'..oos.ss1.878
() HolPo'Jc,o
a O.oJ
I - 2625.39-2500 = 2.765 1
0
45.3468
r.o1,18 a.s,.~2
ro > ra,18 tlttrefort r(jecc llo. P-vaiL'1! = o.oo64.
Ho
a= 0 .01
Bees use the P\'SJt.-e = o.ooo <a= 0.01. rtjec:t f-lo.There is evidence ofa linear relationship ~een tf!..ese f\\.o \"aria bits.
b) IT =0.08;)
n.e standard errors for tJu: parameters can beobtaiood ITom theoompnter output or calculated as follows.
0.083 = 0.014
420.9 I
I
:r2
ll
s=
- +-
= \
10~0c:,.
9'
I
.:..:
.,.1 = 0. I 657
0.08 ,> -1
I + 420.9 I
3) H,:fioO
a= O.Ol
4)
fio
5) Th.eteststatis hc is
1o = se<J3o)
6) Reject Ho ifro < -faJ'J.Jt-'J. w~.ere - ro.oos.9 = -3.2.50 or ro > ta,''J..n-'J. wh.ere ro.oo.s.9 = ,l.'J..;O.
7) Using tr.eresults from t.urcise lll3
0.6578
to = 0.1657
3.97.
8) Because to = ,3.97 > ,l.'J..SO reject Ho andoonclnde t.Jt.e ioteroept is not zerosta = OiJl .
ll3.;. a ) Ho
:fi1 =O
Hl : fJ11<0
a=o.os
Because t~.e P\'Sit:e = 0.310 >a= 0 .05-, fa il to rtjec:t f.fo.Tltere is not snfficient C\i d'enceofa linear relationship between these tv.ovariab!es.
r:.-,e
:e;:c~~i-o:-.
B.'!!
cqt:et;im-: b
'qe
Sf. Coef
13. 20
9 . 1<1
1.51
O. l i <l
0 . 255
0 . 2340
LG9
0 . 310
S 5 . 53982
;\:-.:tly~ i~
C-!>ef
R- Sq
1-1 . 6\
R-~~:tdJ)
2 . >1\
l>f V.1::i::r.ce
Of
ss
:-'S
Rcg::c~~io:-,
3G. 6E'
3G. 6E'
1.20
0 . 310
~c~id~::ti
'
:H-1 . 1?3
Sot!::oe
'!'l>t.nl
:-:o:-
30. 69
251. 5!
cJ se(/30 ) =
2 I
IT
- 2
X
- +ll
sn
I 38.2562
= 30.69 + S O, ? = 9. I 4 I
1
9
6 .>4-
d = IJ O- (I 2.5)1 = 0.331
n 3J.
5.5/3 II I6.422
Assume a= o.o,s. from Cltart Vll {e) and interpolating between thecutVf'.S for o = 30 and n = 40 .{~ 0-5.5
'
,B1~taj2.n- 'J.st({Jl)
- 2J.-298:t r.0-2.5 ,l2 {o .2696)
-2~,S~'J..l79(0 .26)>6)
'
-2:()1'J3:s.f3l S-3.742:3
b)
'
'
/3 o ~ r.o"2.5,l'J.setfio)
48.0130 ~ 2.179{0.;9.;9)
'
46.7145 s
fJ() s 49.$ll.;.
1.,.1<, =
IJ.,
Ylto
,2
<
.Ql,_ .12
(1
[1 + (x S-xil
0
JJ
"-".,--~
XX
,----,---"-------..,.
1
2 5 3 07 14 2
42.1885(2.179) 1.844[ - + ( -
) )
14
25.3486
42.1885 2.179(0.3943)
4 1.3293 <l'y" < 43.0477
-xll
, 2[
1 (x0
Yo ' .o2;.12 a 1+;;+ s,
,----;-------:1
2 5 3 07 14 2
42.1885 2.179 1.844[1 +- + < -
) ]
14
25.34857 1
4-2.1885 ~ 'J..179(140.;G)
39.1'J.57 s Yo s 4,5.'J...:P3
It is ~ider because it depends on botbthcerrorsassociated ,\;th the fitted model and tf!.e future observation.
11--41. ta;'J..n-'J. = ro .O'J...SjO = 'J..O<f.'J.'
a)
'
/31 i
faJ2,1l-'J.~ l)
7464
sf; s12.720
1
'
b)
9.;%oonfideoce intervaJon/J0
{J o atan->,.,jlol
'
9.;9Goonfideoce inten'al for the mean rating w~.en fl!.ea\W'ageyatds per attempt is 8.0 P. = 14.195+10.092{8.0) = 9<1.-()jl
ii. t0.025:30
2
8 7
1
94.93 1 2.042 27.2[ - +( - )
32 16.422
9 1.698 ~ JL
~ 98.164
8 7
1
94.93 1 2.042 27.2[1 +- + ( - )
32 16.422
83.801</L ~ 106.06 1
Predict;')!'
Coef
C:>r.::.t:~..r,t.
t'~T.":ti!:'C
t. 942'81
- 6 . 336
i . b66
9 . 20BJ6
0 . 0331,
ss
:O!S
lOC. Oi.
'
'
38
!1
t'ot.cl
-3. CO O. OO:i
272. 6< 0 . 000
R-Sq~ttdJ)
0!-'
C::~ef
!>E
::'60621
c)
fiQ s -6..3:).5.;0
1
55 46 5 2
>]
500. 124 (2.228) 3.774609[ - + ( 12 3308.9994
500. 124 1.4037586
498.72024 < ~1"1<, ~50 1.52776
5 46 5 2
500. I 24 ( 2.228 ) 3.77 4609[ I +12+
I (3308.9994
S ) ]
d"'
.'jOO.J~ : 4..;.50.'jf>44
495.57344 s Yo s .;04.67456
It is v.idet because the pro'ldiction iotervaJ i ncludes errors for both tlt.e fined model and for a future ohservstion.
ll-45. 3 ) 0 .0$689 s
pl s 0 .10 183
b) -47.087><.80 <>4.069>
c)
1
9 10 939 2
46.6041 (3. 106) 7.32495 1[- + (
) ]
13
67045.97
46.6041 2.51440 I
44.0897
d)
46.6041 -: s .n 9:166
37.8:198 s Yo s .;..;~784
c)
30 245
128.814 (2.365)
398.2804[.!..+
(
.
9 ..:.1....,675-1,-.4-::2""14:....
128.814 16.980 124
111.8339 ~ I"JI<, < 145.7941
b) >;:J0.09<.Bo
c)
/3 1 s -30.727:1;m.c,~
(20 -1 3.3375) ]
1886. 154(2.10 1) 98 11.2 1 - + "-------=-''-20
1114.66 18
1886. 154 62.370688
d)
--~----------~
2
1 (20 - 13.3375) ]
.
1886. 154(2. 10 1) 98 11 .2 1 I +
+
[
20
1114 66 18
18.%.154 :t ::m.2.5:175
)668:9013 s Yo s 2103 4067
r<l/2.n-2
a)
'o.oos.9,. 3.2.50
~eonfi&nceirrt.m:~lforfi 1
fJ 1' '4/M,..11)
0.J78. to.OO.S-9 (0.014)
O.li8 3-2$0(0.01.4)
0.>32$
fJ1 U235
b) 99'<comd<mti111...alooP0
.
.
Po f4/Ln2,.JJol
os?& ato.oos.t<o.s6.5?)
0.6518. 3.2$0(0.11'>57)
O.U9' {J0 ",191)
...
2.082~2.262
l (8 - 10.09f)
.
o.osJ[II+
420 91
SWf\lH
a) R o.6r.>
The modtl aooount.s for 67 .2:% ofthoe\'ariability in tl..cd.au..
b) 'rhtrt is no major ~partur~ from the normalityas.s:um1rtion in 11te following graph.
' H
t)
10
0
ll:ddu l
10
10
c litH-o ;I~
..
..
10
15
..
7S
..
"
An.4Vtit~t
..
99.9
99
9S
80
:/
so
20
/
/
0 .1
-z.s
~. 6
l.4
5.4
c) Tt.i!:re might be: I O\\"et variance at tl'.e middlesettingsof'x. Howe-.w, thisdsta does not indicatea seriotsdepartu.re !Tom the assumptions.
3Af~--~--~--~--~--~
3.4
1A f~---4----~--4----f---4H
.0.6
215
l::t:=:;:ll=:;::=l=;:=f
1&3
280
380
480
sao e.oo
21
31
P~dl~d values
-41
Sl
61
71
81
Temperature
u -.;7. a) R = 0.879397
b) ~o<tepa rtures fromoon;t.l.nt ' a riaooeare noted.
Residuals Ve rsus t he F'rtted Values
Resicilals Versus x
(r~~e .,_ yt
(r~~e .,_ ~
"'
.. 1..
~
&0
-----------------------------~ -------
------- ~ ------------------------------
10
_,
10
20
30
80
130
180
Rtt ed VthJe
c)
Norm.alityassumptionappe:n s reasomble.
1 0.
20.
~\().
llo-
.,.
.,
l .S
1.0
-l>s
0.0
O.:l
N onnai SCOI'e
1.0
1.S
'"'
HS9 a ) R = 8.5.::!:2%
b) Assumptiomappea.r tt.asonsble. but fl!.ere isa suggestion that \'tHiabilityincreasesslightly\<.ith y.
Residu als Ve ~s x
(~top.:.rn ~ y)
..i
'
a::o
(~~ iii)' ~
..,
'
1(
&o ---
. . .
J>. - - - - - - - - __ : - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
... .
o.o
o.2
o..
o.o
o..s
1.0
1.2
1 _.
u;
u1
,.
10
fitted \hUe
c) Normalityasswnption maybe questionable. Tf!..ere is some heooio.g" awayfmm a line io the ta.ilsoftlte nortlU'll probability plot.
'
b) Yes. the two points with res.idu.aJs mtl.<:h. larger i n magnih:.de than t~.eotlt-erssrem unusual
Normal Probabiit y Plot of the Reskluah
(ff~~(,~
i:
y)
,~------------------------------~
.I
100
Residual
..
c) R newmoctcl =0.9573
t arget. bteiluse t~.e model is better ab!etoaooonot for t.Jt.e\'8riahilityio t.bedata l'lith tJt.ese l'\o.-ooutl)iQ& data points remo\'ed.
2
c) lT old mOOcl = 98u.21
2
lT w,mode:! = 402:!.93
\'es, rf:du.oed more t~.anso%. hecal!Si! t.J!.e 1'\t.o remo,'fld pointsacoounttd for a large amount ofttturor.
ll~.}. \'e.s, wh.eo tJt.e re.s.idulsare standardized t.Jt.e unusual residuaJsare easier to identifY.
1.072:3949- 0 .700Sn4 -(Uj82:!l80.648804.) - 0 :!j.;j0824 - 2.1686819 046ScU92
0~137 0.0982u60,s9458iJO.:lO.:P:!44 -0.8806j-:)60.]9:l1072 0 .724l91)0
-0 4737526 0 .~.:l2146 () .10888.;9 () $749"'-.59 1.03~187 -0 1774419
u-6.;. Using
z,
n- 2
Also.
Booau.se the square of a t random \'8.riab!e ...,ith n-2 degrees 9f freedom is a~ Frandom \'atiab!e with 1 and n:! dqrees of freedom. the usually t-te.st th.at
iuquh-aJent tooompatipgjo = ro to/a,1,n-2 = r aj:!,n-2
0 9 23
- ( ) = 207 . Reject H 0 :/31 = 0 .
1- 0.9
23R2
b) Becac:sef.o.;,l.i3 = 4-:lB.Ho is rejected if I- R2 > 4.28
Tllat if H., ;, r<i"i!oo ;r
l
j0 =
~R ?4->8(>-R )
27.~ >4.28
R- > 0.157
!17.3. a)
4 . 59061
J . i04
Cocf SH C:>ef
5 . 50.1
0 . 1!~
L71
~-Sqi~dJ)
k- Sq 89.9i
BB. G1
ss
149.1. 1 !.493.7
16&:. 6
70. B&'
0.000
2l.t
t662.3
'
= .5.S0'""6.;j.\'
\'es, because the P vahti': = o , tf!.e t;v('SS.ion modcl i.s significant at a= o.o.s.
4
b) ,. =
Jo.s99 =
o.948
c) Hn:P =o
H1 :P :;~~: o
.J~o.""89,..,.9 =
,. =
o.948
ro .02$.8 = ~.j'C)6
r0 =842..5 > ro.o2...;.S = 2.J06
Reject~~,.
~]
<p< ranh[arcranb
n- 3
ranh(arctauh rdl
r+
~]
n- 3
0.948+
,/;~~ 3 ]
a)
b)
Jo.672
r=
H0 :P =O
0.820
H1:P= o
10
r~ = 0.82,/32- 2 7.847
~1- 0.822
J1- r2
r.o2.5.30-= 2.042
ro > r.oi_;jO
tauh[arcran h(0.082}0.660 s
96
19 6
] < p < ranb[arciao b(0.082)+
J
J 32- 3
,/32- 3
1.
p s 0 .91)9
d) Ho:P =0.7
Hl:
P= o.;
1/ 2
zo =(arct.anhR-arctanhPoXn-3)
112
nn .
b) No
c)
\'('S,fny = ln~0
Yes,
d)
- = {30
+ {!1- + e
X
1S
,.,
10 -
s-
..
...
..
r ....
0 .
o, __~soo
"
-r'-~__T
---; ----r---.---;----rJ
soo
0
1000 1
,~--------~.~--~-----------,
.'l. .
..... ... . . .-. .
"
.
... 1
~0
~1
_,
_,_
_,
~-----------.-----------,------~
10
Fitted Value
b)
c) Ho :J$1 =0
H1 :/~j = =o
a=o.o.;
fo = 12:!.0 3
f o >/o.o.;.l48
Reject 11(). Conclude t.J!.at regression mociel issignifiesnt a t a= o .os .
e)
y=
I+
- 077
$e..""t10n lHO
~ i t.
!'.~
S~le
V:lue
F::.iiirq , r
S i :e, n
Cour,t
S1:0cec:<:i
JSJ.
f:il~e
!o~t
690
Odd~
sr.
0 . 5-15693
O. QOCtS75
'!..D;-~i kt:::!.i~od
Te~t
t.Mt aU
95\ Ct
C!>ef
9 . 79
-9. 8.3.
0 . 000
O. GCO
LOC
t.QO
1.01:
-421 . 1?56
~1-:>pe~ c~ ~:-o :
t, f'-Veluc C. OOO
b) Th.e P\'Silli': for the test oftheooclficient of load is ncar 1.ero. T1terdor~. load has a significant effect on failing pcrfonnance.
f'u:-;etit)r.:
Re~p:m::.c
'l:t:i:!hic
...ogi~
I r,f-o=t.i-or.
V=luc
{;m~:-;~
10
H>:cr.t.)
to
P:c:ikt.:):
s;,;
C:M:~f
-7. 0<1706
<1 . 67.U.6
C. OC0013B
0 . 9S7Q66
O. OOOC63:7
~:-;:.ttl r.t
t r,c:xoc x l.
'iC x2
ClXlf
t
-l. 51.
0 . 521351!'
1..16
La;
"""'
ibtio
95l Ct
:.~:
iJppc:-
O. D2
0 . 241
l.OC
1.00
1.00
0 . 061
2 . 69
0 . 96
7 . 55
re:.t
~h=t
=11 :.lope:. =: c
zc:~ :
C 6 . 6,4, bf 2,
~-V=l~
0 . 03:6
b) Because the P-vsJtze = 0.036 < a= 0.05 wecanooncln<ie tltat a t least oneoftheooefficients(ofinoomeandag.e) is not equal touroat the
o.os ll!\l!l ofsignificance. TJ!.o: indhidu.al t.testsdo oot genera te P-vslncs less thano.o.:;.bnt this mig.~.t be due tooorrclatioo ~een tf!.e
inrlepend.eot vsriahles. Tttu -test for a ooefficient assl!mes it is f.h.e last vsriable to enter f.h.e model. A model might ~ cit.Jt.eor income or oge.
but a fter onevsriab!e is intlt.e model, theoodficient z-test for t~.eother \"ariable may not significa nt becanseoftheir oorrelation.
c) Tlteodds ra tio is changed byth..c factor o:p(~1 ) = ocp(0.00007:)8) = 1.00007 for f!\oeryunit increase in income '~i thage lteldoonstant.
Similarly, odds ratio i sc~.a.ngcd bytf!.e fa ctor o:p(IJ1) = exp(0.987886) = 2..686 for f!\ott)' Unit ioc:rease in age ,,; th. income )',eld oonstant. More
reaJistically, if iooomech.aoges by S1000. tJ!.o:odds ra tio is Changed bytJ!.o: factor o:p(1000~1 ) = exp(0.0738) = l .On '~i th age h.cldoonstant.
d) At x 1 = 45000 a ncha = 5 from p.art(a )
' =
I
= 0 77
I +exp[- (- 7.04706 + 0.00007J8x1 + 0.987886x2 ) ]
f'u:-;etit)r.:
Re~p:m::.c
'l:t:i:!hic
...ogi~
I r.f-o=t.i-or.
V=luc
{;m~:-;tc
10
H>:cr.t.)
to
06.i:.
P:c:ikt:):
Coof
~:-;:.ttl r.t
t r,c:xoc x l.
0 . 314351
-0. 00014U
S C:M:~f
(. 3:9401
-2. 16169
0 . 0001412
:t-. CQl54
O. OOC0630
'iC x2
~-~i kclir~od
rc~t.
t.het a.ll
0 . 05
-!.00
H~t.io
95l C I.
:.:n.c: Uppor
0 . 961
O. J!B
2-. 231
L.OO
l.CO
l.OC
-!.. lE.
O. C9
o.cc
5 . 04
1. 61
C. l07
l.CO
1.00
1.00
-. 275
~lope:.
a-:-c zc:.:>: C
Because t~- PvsJ ne = 0.107 there is oof!\idenc:e: that a n interaction term is r~ui rcd io f.h.e model.
St~pplemerna I flterds.e$
n-8.5. a)
Plotofyvs x
21
1.9
y 1.6
0.7
1.1
1.5
1.3
1.7
1.9
2.1
bl
c)
fo
1.96613/ 1
0.0000623515/ 8
ssR l k
SS / (>t - p )
252263 9
'
:l) Ho : /~1 =O
j)
Hl :/3l= o
4) a= o .o.;
SSR/ k
SSEI (n - p )
6) Reject Ho iffo > fa.l.swherefo.o.;,l.8 = .;..'J;27) Using the results from tJ!.eAKOVA table
966131 1
1.
= 252263.9
0.00006235 15/ 8
f.0 =
8) Because 2..;2-2&$ > 5.3-2 reject Ho andoonclude t!tat tlbe ro:gression model is significant a t a = o.o.;. P-vaJue"' o
d)
Standard 9 rro r
- 0.96682
1. S4 376
CONSTANT
X
0.00 4SS
0.00l07
Lowe r Limit
- 0. 97800
l .Sl667
Upper Limit
- 0 .9SS6S
1. ssoss
31
llo =O
H1 : l~o=o
4) 0=0.0.;
o-
I
(,) Reject Ho if
- 0.96682
0.00485
-1 99.34
flo
se<fio>
0.7
O.f:.
>. 0.5 -
0 .4
0.3 -
0.2
0~
0.<
05
0.0
0.7
0.6
0.9
1.0
...
....
~
......
t.....
-0.\
.,
..
.,
.....
y = 0.79l6x
E\'efl tbougb yshcnild be wo wltenx is wo. because t.herq.ressor\ariabledoes not usuallyassu.meva.lues near wo,s model with an intercept fits this
data better. Witl'.ol!t an intero..""Pt. the residu.als plots are not satisfactory.
U-91. a)
....
0.7
...
...
..
"'
O.G
0.1
0.&
Qt
1.0
b) )': 0.6714-2964.<
c) Analysisof\'ariaru
~~.reo
"'
~nttor:
~;n<ho4l
~otAl
Lnor
'
'
ss
""
0 . 0369!
0.036~~
C. !3ot98
p
L6(
O. :N.i
0.02250
0 . 1111?9
R 214 ?'W.
El:au.ac the p.,oaJu.e > o.os. reject the null hypotlw:s.iuDdooncludethat tf!.(! mOOd
Is a1anifieant.
d) Tbcruppea.rs to beCill"Wturtin thedat.t. Tbcrt:isa Cipintht middltahhe nonnaJ probability plot and tht plot ahhe ,..._id~~.&l& vcrstl.S
..
....
...
j ..
...
"'
;il
j~~
.l!
.....,...
..
OS
fdtedVaUe
..
ll"fi. Th.eoorrelationooefficient for the : p.'lirsofdata (xj,Zj),,i li oot be near t.nity. l t ,,; 11 be near wo.Tlbedats for tlbe p.<~i rs(xi, Zj ) wltcrc
2
Zj = Yi will oot faJI aJong tt.e line Yi= Xj. v;hich }!.asa slope near nnityaOO g.hua oorrelationooefficient near u.nity. Tltcsed:ata will fa il ona
lineyi =
F
Y,
=F
"'
a)
MS
I:eJ
II - 2
I:V(e;)
n- 1
11- 2
I:a2 [1 -
(; + <,; t )]
=
?
"
n- 2
a [n - I - I]
11 - 2
a2
.,.z
V(/3,) = SA, .
n
E(MSR) =
!H OI.
.,.2
V(/3,) = s
.Tominimize V(/3, ),
"'
sJ.
y = y + r- (x - x )
SX
lHOj..
s
s=
"
= -Y + - ..,.(x - -x )
=
"
"
"