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GV: Nguyn Trng Sn


CHNG 1
TNG QUAN V H
THNG THNG TIN
Phn tch thit k h thng thng tin
Lp: 09110CLC
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NI DUNG TRNH BY
H thng
H thng t chc
H thng qun l
H thng thng tin
Cc yu cu ca mt phn tch vin h thng
Cc bc pht trin HTTT thnh HTTT t ng ha
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H thng
nh ngha:
l mt tp hp cc thnh phn lin kt vi nhau, th hin qua mt
phm vi (boundary) xc nh, hot ng kt hp vi nhau nhm t
n nhng mc ch xc nh.


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Cc c im ca h thng
Thnh phn (component subsystem)
Lin h gia cc thnh phn
Ranh gii (boundary)
Mc ch (purpose, goal)
Mi trng (environment)
Giao din (interface)
u vo (input)
u ra (output)
Rng buc (constraints)
u vo
Thnh phn
Phm vi
Lin h gia cc tp
u ra Giao din
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VD1: H thng ca hng bn nc gii kht
M t:
Ca hng bn s v l cc loi nc ngt, nc sui, ru, biai
tng m ca hng giao tip l khch hng mua cc loi nc gii
kht, nh cung cp(cc cng ty sn xut nc gii kht) cung cp cc
loi nc gii kht cho ca hng v ngn hng giao tip vi ca hng
thng qua vic gi, rt v thanh ton tin mt cho nh cung cp.

Ca hng c 3 b phn c sp xp thc hin cc cng vic khc
nhau: kho dng ct gi hng, nhp kho nc gii kht c giao t
cc nh cung cp, xut kho ln quy bn hng cho nhn vin bn hng
bn cho khch hng v qun l thng tin v tn kho hng ngy ca
tt c loi nc gii kht. Phng bn hng thc hin cc cng vic bn
v nhn t nc gii kht ca khch hng cng nh lp ha n v
x l thanh ton. Vn phng dng qun l v theo di thng tin v
nhp xut, k ton , n t hng v t mua nc gii kht.
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V d 1: H thng ca hng bn nc gii kht

Kho hng
Vn phng
B phn
bn hng
Nc gii kht
Lao ng
Tin t
Nc gii kht
Ha n
Tin t
Khch hng Nh cung cp Ngn hng

Bng gi

Mi trng
u vo u ra
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V d 2: H thng my chi nhc CD
Thnh phn
c tn hiu
Thnh phn
khuch i
tn hiu
Thnh phn
chuyn i
tn hiu
Thnh phn
iu khin tn
hiu
CD
Xc lp
iu
khin
H thng CD player
m nhc
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H thng t chc
nh ngha:
L h thng trong bi cnh mi trng kinh t x hi gm cc thnh
phn c t chc kt hp vi nhau hot ng nhm t n mt
mc tiu kinh t, x hi.
Cn c gi l h thng t chc kinh t x hi.
Mc tiu:
Mc tiu li nhun:
Cc hot ng kinh doanh: bn hng, sn xut, dch v,
Mc tiu phi li nhun:
Cc hot ng t thin, y t,
c im chung:
Do con ngi to ra v c s tham gia ca con ngi.
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H thng t chc
Phn loi:
Hnh chnh s nghip:
Mc tiu: phi li nhun, phc v cho iu hnh nh nc v nhn dn
V d: U ban nhn dn, hi ng nhn dn,
X hi:
Mc tiu: phi li nhun, cc dch v ca t chc nm tr gip v tinh
thn, vt cht cho con ngi.
V d: t thin (UNICEP), y t, gio dc
Kinh t:
Mc tiu: li nhun, hiu qu kinh t. To ra gi tr hng ho dch v phc
v cho i sng con ngi
V d: sn xut sn phm, bn hng, xut nhp khu, ngn hng, vn
chuyn, in thoi,
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H thng t chc
Xc nh mi trng ca t chc
L nhng thnh phn bn ngoi t chc tc ng ln t chc nhm
cung cp u vo cng nh nhn cc u ra ca t chc nh l hng
ho, nguyn vt liu, thng tin,
Mi trng kinh t: khch hng, nh cung ng, ngn hng
Mi trng x hi: nh nc, cng on,
Mi trng
Thng lng ni b
Thng
lng
vo
Thng
lng
ra
Mi trng
hng ho
dch v
tin
hng ho
dch v
tin
Bin i
thng tin thng tin
Thng lng: Dng hng ho (vt l) +dng thng tin vo ra h thng
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H thng t chc
Mi trng t chc: V d ca hng nc gii kht
Kho hng
Vn phng
B phn
bn hng
Nc gii kht
Lao ng
Tin t
Nc gii kht
Ha n
Tin t
Khch hng Nh cung cp
Ngn hng

Bng gi

Mi trng
u vo u ra
Ranh gii
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H thng t chc
Lm sao t chc hot ng hiu qu v trin ng mc
tiu:
Cn bng gia thng lng vo thng lng ra ?
iu hnh hot ng
Gim st qun l

H thng qun l
V d h thng mt cn bng:
V d
Thanh ton tin hng ca khch hng b tr hn
Cung ng nguyn vt liu chm tr
Tn kho qu nhiu


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H thng qun l
nh ngha:
L b phn m nhn hot ng qun l ca t chc

bao gm con ngi, phng tn, phng php bin php kim
tra


Gip hot ng ca t chc i ng mc tu


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V d: M hnh hot ng qun l n hng ca
ca hng NGK

B phn
bn hng
Vn
phng
Kho
Khch hng
n v cung ng
(1)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(1)
n t mua nc gii kht ca
khch hng gi n b phn bn
hng
(2)
n t mua nc gii kht c
kim tra hp l gi cho vn phng
theo di v kho chun b giao
hng
(3) Thng tin tn kho v s lng cn
t p ng n hng
(4)
(5)
n t hng c lp v gi cho
n v cung ng
(6)
Nc gii kht giao t n v cung
ng vo kho
Phiu nhp hng gi cho vn phng
theo di
(7)
(8)
Thng bo cho b phn bn hng
tnh trng tn kho hin hnh
Nc gii kht giao cho khch hng
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Cu trc ca h thng qun l qun l

H
thng
quyt
nh
H
thng
thng
tin
H thng
tc
nghip
Xc nh mc tiu ca t
chc; tc ng ln h
thng tc v thc
hin hon thnh mc
tiu
Thu thp d liu, thng
tin; x l v sn xut
thng tin; truyn tin
Thc hin vt l hot
ng ca t chc (sn
xut, kim k, sa cha,
tip th) da trn mc
tiu v phng hng
c ra bi h thng
quyt nh
Quyt nh
iu hnh
Truy vn
Bo co
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V d: Ca hng bn nc gii kht
Cc h thng ca ca hng NGK:
H thng tac vu: thc hin vic bn hng ca nhn vin bn hng,
thc hin giao hng, kim tra kho, theo di cng vic v chm cng,
thc hin phong vn tuyn dng, ...

H thng quyt inh: mua thm my mc thit b, tuyn dng thm
nhn vin mi, iu chnh ch lng,...

H thng thong tin: ghi nhn cc s liu nc gii kht c bn ra
hng ngy; x l cc bo co v doanh thu, tn kho; theo di k hoch
tuyn dng nhn vin ca h thng quyt nh,...

Vai tr h thng thng tin:
H thng thong tin: Ghi nhn cc s liu t h thng tc nghip x l
cc thng tin, kt xut bo co h tr cho h thng quyt nh 16
H thng thng tin
Thng tin
nh ngha
Phn bit thng tin v d liu
Phn loi thng tin
Hot ng ca h thng thng tin
Cc h thng thng tin
H thng thng tin tc v (TPS)
H thng thng tin qun l (MIS)
H h tr ra quyt nh (DSS)
H thng chuyn gia
Biu din HTTT
Cc mc nhn thc
Trnh t m hnh ho
Cc thnh phn

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Thng tin
Thng tin
Khi nim phn nh tri thc, s hiu bit ca con ngi v i tng
c truyn t bi cc thng ip v c ng ngha (ng ngha lun
ph thuc vo quan im ca ngi nhn)
Thng tin v d liu
D
liu
Sn xut
thng tin
Thng tin
D liu nhp
hng
D liu xut
hng
Lp bo
co tn
kho
Bo co
tn kho
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Thng tin
Thng tin
Khi nim phn nh tri thc, s hiu bit ca con ngi v i tng
c truyn t bi cc thng ip v c ng ngha (ng ngha lun
ph thuc vo quan im ca ngi nhn)
Thng tin v d liu
D
liu
Sn xut
thng tin
Thng tin
D liu nhp
hng
D liu xut
hng
Lp bo
co tn
kho
Bo co
tn kho
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Thng tin
Ni dung thng tin
Thng tin t nhin:
Thng tin vit (vn bn)
Thng tin hnh nh (tranh nh, s , biu , )
Thng tin ming (li ni)
Thng tin m thanh, xc gic,
Thng tin cu trc :
c chn lc t thng tin t nhin, c ng v c cu trc ho di
cc c trng c th
u im:
Truyn t nhanh hn, chnh xc v tin cy, chim t khng gian
C th tnh ton, x l theo thut gii
ng v
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H thng thng tin
H thng thng tin
L tp hp cc thnh phn tng tc vi nhau thu thp, x l, lu
tr v phn phi thng tin nhm h tr cc hot ng quyt nh,
kim sot trong mt t chc
Con ngi
D liu
Quy trnh
Cng ngh thng tin
Phn cng, phn mm
Truyn thng
Vai tr ca HTTT:
H tr cho h thng quyt nh thc hin nhng quyt nh ng n
gip cho t chc i ng mc tiu
Business
goals
H THNG
THNG TIN
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Hot ng ca H thng thng tin

i tng truy cp thng tin
Cc yu cu v
thng tin
Xc nh
cc d liu
cn thit
Tham kho
d liu
T chc & x
l d liu
Thng tin
Chuyn
thng tin
Truyn t
thng tin
Ngun thng tin
d liu t bn
ngoi
D liu
Thu thp &
iu chnh
d liu
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Cc HTTT
HTTT tc v (TPS- Transaction
Processing Systems)

HTTT qun l (MIS Management
Information Systems)

H h tr ra quyt nh (DSS
Dicision Support Systems)

H chuyn gia (Expert Systems)

DSS, ES
MIS
TPS
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H thng thng tin tc v (TPS)
c im:
Thng tin mc thp nht lin quan trc tip n
cc hot ng tc nghip
Ghi nhn, tm kim, phn loi
Mc ch:
tng tc x l giao tc
s dng t nhn lc hn,
ci tn tnh hiu qu v chnh xc
tch hp vi cc HTTT t chc khc hoc cung cp
thng tin khng c trc .

i tng:
nhn vin thc thi cc tc v ca h thng
DSS, ES
MIS
TPS
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H thng thng tin qun l (MIS)
c im:
Kt xut cc bo biu bo co c tng
kt t HTTT tc v
Mc ch:
p ng cho vic theo di, qun l, nh
gi v tnh hnh v hot ng ca h thng
hin hnh.
i tng:
trng, ph phng v cc lnh o ca
cc chi nhnh.


DSS, ES
MIS
TPS
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H thng h tr ra quyt nh (DSS)
c im:
Cung cp mi trng tng tc gip thao tc
nhanh chng vi d liu
S dng CSDL c trch ra t TPS hoc MIS
S dng cc m hnh ton hc
S dng d liu qu kh
Th hin cc nh gi, so snh
Mc ch:
Gip to c s thc hin nhng quyt nh
cc hot ng ca t chc
i tng:
cc nh qun l cp cao, cc nh phn tch kinh
doanh ca cng ty
DSS, ES
MIS
TPS
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V d: Cc h thng thng tin

Tng hp doanh
thu theo thng
Bo co nhp xut
tn NGK
Bo co cng n
Ho n
Phiu nhp
xut
Phiu
thu/chi
H tr lp
tn kho
ti thiu
DSS
MIS
TPS
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H chuyn gia (ES)
c im
Hot ng thng qua hp thoi tng
tc
t ra cu hoi v ngi dng tr li. Sau
da vo kt qu tr li ES s cung cp
cc ngh da trn cc lut
i tng
Nh qun l cp cao, nh phn tch kinh
doanh
DSS, ES
MIS
TPS
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Biu din ca HTTT
c biu din qua 2 trc c trng:

D liu X l B
x l
Con
ngi
Truy
n
thng
Trc cc
thnh
phn
Trc cc mc nhn thc
Quan nim
T chc
Vt l
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Cc mc nhn thc v HTTT
Quan nim
Biu din HTTT gc tru tng
c lp vi phng tin lu tr
Xc nh cc yu cu - Ci g?

T chc
L mc trung gian
Xc nh cch t chc x l, phn b d liu Ai, u, bao gi?

Vt l
M t HTTT trong mt mi trng ci t c th
Ph thuc vo phn cng, phn mm
Xc nh cch thc hin - Nh th no?

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Trnh t m hnh ho HTTT

Quan nim
T chc
Vt l
H thng quan
nim hin ti
H thng vt l
hin ti
H thng quan
nim mi
H thng vt l
mi
Yu cu mi
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5 thnh phn ca HTTT
D liu
X l
Con ngi
B x l
Truyn thng


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Cc thnh phn ca HTTT
D liu: kha cnh tnh ca HTTT
D liu tnh
t bin i trong qu trnh sng,
Thi gian tn ti lu di
Hng ha, phng ban, qui nh, ti sn

D liu bin ng
Phn nh cc hot ng, thng xuyn bin i
Thi gian tn ti ngn
n t hng, thu chi, ha n,

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Cc thnh phn ca HTTT
X l:
M t qu trnh thng tin c to ra, b bin i v b loi bo khoi
HTTT
Sn xut Cp nht Vn chuyn
Sn xut cc sn phm thng tin mi da trn thng tin d liu tn ti
di cc dng thc c xc nh nh: cc chng t (ho n,
n mua hng), cc bo co, bn thng k

Cp nht: to mi, chnh sa hoc hu b mt thng tin, d liu

Vn chuyn thng tin t mt v tr ny sang mt v tr khc: gi mt
thng bo, n t hng
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Tng tc gia d liu v x l

D liu
tnh
D liu
ng
TT, DL thu thp t
bn ngoi
TT, DL khai
thc
TT, DL khai
thc
TT, DL thp
X l
TT, DL lu
TT chuyn giao
Ngun
cung
cp
Ngun
khai
thc
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Cc thnh phn ca HTTT
Con ngi
Ngi dng
Khai thc h thng
Hiu qui tc x l v vai tr ca mnh trong HTTT
C kin thc cn bn v tin hc
Phi hp vi nhm pht trin xy dng h thng

Ngi iu hnh/pht trin
Phn tch, thit k, lp trnh h thng
C vai tr trong vic xy dng v bo tr h thng

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Cc thnh phn ca HTTT
B x l
My mc, thit b dng t ng ha x l thng tin

Truyn thng
Phng tin, cch thc trao i thng tin gia cc b x l: in
thoi, fax, LAN, WAN, internet,
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Cc yu cu ca mt phn tch vin h thng
K nng phn tch
K nng k thut
K nng qun l
K nng giao tip
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Cc bc pht trin mt HTTT thnh HTTT t
ng ho
Chu trnh pht trin h thng (SDLC : System Development
Life Cycle)
Bao gm nhiu giai on t khi bt u d n h thng cho n khi
kt thc khai thc h thng
Cc giai on ca chu trnh: 3 20 giai on.

Pht trin t ng ho HTTT bao gm:
Quy trnh pht trin:
Cc giai on & trnh t ca cc giai on

M hnh:
Phng tin biu din ni dung ca h thng qua cc giai on ca qui
trnh

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Quy trnh pht trin v m hnh trong pht trin
HTTT
Giai on 1 Giai on 2 Giai on n
Tin trnh
M hnh

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Cc quy trnh pht trin h thng thng tin (1/6)
Quy trnh thc nc: (waterfall- Royce, 1970)
Gm 5 giai on, mi giai on bt u khi giai on trc n kt
thc.
Nhc im: Khng c s quay lui
Phn tch
Thit k
Lp trnh
Th nghim
Nghim thu
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Cc quy trnh pht trin h thng thng tin (2/6)
Quy trnh tng trng: (D. R. Grahma, 1989 )
Hon thnh tng thnh phn ca h thng
Mi bc tng trng p dng qui trnh tuyn tnh xy dng hon
thnh mt phn ca h thng
Nhc im:ch ph hp cho nhng h thng c s phn chia r rng
v chuyn giao theo tng phn
Phn tch Thit k Lp trnh Th nghim Chuyn giao phn 1
Tng trng 1
Phn tch Thit k Lp trnh Th nghim Chuyn giao phn 2
Tng trng 2
Phn tch Thit k Lp trnh Chuyn giao phn 3
Tng trng 3
Th nghim
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Cc quy trnh pht trin h thng thng tin (3/6)
Quy trnh xon c: (Boehm, 1988 )
Mt c im quan trng ca qui trnh ny l nhn mnh vic qun l
ri ro
Da trn khi nim chu trnh pht trin, qui trnh ny l cc chu trnh
lp
nh gi cc
phng n
Pht trin v kim
tra
Lp k hoch cho
chu trnh k tip
Xc nh mc tiu,
phng n, rng buc
Chu trnh 1
Chu trnh 2
Chu trnh 3
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Cc quy trnh pht trin h thng thng tin (4/6)
Quy trnh pht trin nhanh: (RAD Rapid Development
Application - James Martin, 1991)
Ngi pht trinh thng v cc ngi s dng h thng s lm vic
kt hp cht ch vi nhau
Khng phi l mt phng php lun ring l m l mt chin lc
chung pht trin HTTT, c nhng c im sau:
S dng cc cng c phn mm v cc mi trng pht trin trc quan
biu din ti a cc kt qu t c
y nhanh vic phn tch vn , thit k mt gii php h thng
L mt qu trnh lp thay i v iu chnh
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Cc quy trnh pht trin h thng thng tin (4/6)
Quy trnh pht trin nhanh (tt) :
Xc lp yu cu
(Requirements planning)
Thit k
(User design)
Xy dng
(Construction)
Chuyn giao
(Cutover)
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Cc quy trnh pht trin h thng thng tin (5/6)
Quy trnh pht trin thnh phn:
Da trn vic ti s dng thnh phn phn mm c sn
Pht trin mt phn mm c thc hin bng cch tp hp li cc
thnh phn c sn
L mt quy trnh lp, mi chu trnh gm 4 giai on
nh gi cc
phng n, thnh
phn
Pht trin v kim tra:
B sung, iu chnh v
tch hp thnh phn
Lp k hoch cho chu
trnh k tip:
nh gi, tuyn chn
Xc nh mc tiu, cc
phng n, cc rng buc:
Nhn thc, hnh thnh,
tm kim gii php
Chu trnh 1
Chu trnh 2
Chu trnh 3
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Cc quy trnh pht trin h thng thng tin (6/6)
Quy trnh ng nht : (RUP Rational Unified Process)
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Cc giai on c bn ca mt qui trnh
Qui trnh pht trin c chn trong h thng bao gm 6 giai
on: xc nh v chn la d n, khi to v lp k hoch d
n, phn tch, thit k, ci t, v bo tr.
Xac inh v
chn la d an
Khi to v lp
k hoch d an
Phn tch
Thit k
Ci t

Bo tr
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Tnh cht ca quy trnh
Tnh tun t
c thc hin t trn xung
Kt qu ca giai on trc l kt qu cho giai on sau
Tnh lp
Mi giai on c th quay lui
Lp cho n khi kt qu c chp nhn
Tnh song song
Hot ng trong 1 giai on c th c thc hin song song vi hot
ng ca giai on khc

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Cc giai on c bn ca mt quy trnh (1/6):
Xc nh v chn la d n

Nhu cu thc t
nhn c
Ngun lc tn
ti v c sn
Cc d n tim
nng v ang
thc hin
Mi trng t
chc hin hnh
Tiu chun
nh gi
Quyt
nh chn
la d n
Kt qu quyt nh:
- chp nhn d n
- t chi d n
- hon d n
- xem xt li d n
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Cc giai on c bn ca mt quy trnh (2/6):
Lp k hoch v khi to d n
Thnh lp i ng nhn vin
Kho st tng th h thng
Lp k hoch
Xc nh phm vi, ngun lc, cc nguyn tc lm vic
nh gi kh thi
Xy dng ti liu m t h thng

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Cc giai on c bn ca mt quy trnh (3/6):
Phn tch h thng
Xc nh yu cu h thng
Cu trc ha yu cu: m hnh ho v phn tch yu cu c
th dng
Pht sinh cc phng n v chn la phng n kh thi nht
Phng php hng i tng:
Xc nh cc lp v i tng quan trng
M t yu cu h thng qua vic xc nh tc nhn v use case
M t kch bn chc nng qua cc s ng
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Cc giai on c bn ca mt quy trnh (4/6):
Thit k
Chi tit ha cc lp giai on phn tch thnh mt gii php
k thut thc hin b sung cc lp k thut to ra mt kin
trc k thut thc hin
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Cc giai on c bn ca mt quy trnh (4/6):
Thit k
Thit k lun l
c t h thng mc tru tng ha da trn gii php c
chn
c lp vi phn cng, phn mm v mi trng k thut
Tp trung vo biu din hnh vi v tnh nng i tng h thng

Thit k vt l:
chuyn i thit k lun l sang cc c t phn cng, phn mm, k
thut c chn ci t h thng
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Cc giai on c bn ca mt quy trnh (5, 6/6):
Lp trnh ci t & bo tr
Lp trnh ci t
Lp trnh h thng
Th nghim
Xy dng ti liu h thng: ti liu c t h thng, ti liu s dng, ti
liu k thut ci t
Hun luyn s dng
Bo tr
Sa li pht sinh trong qu trnh s dng
iu chnh nhng thay i sao cho ph hp vi cc thay i h thng
Nng cp h thng mi
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V d:

Yu cu v cn nh
tng v cn nh
Phn tch & thit k
Xy dng
Chuyn giao s
dng & bo tr
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