Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Hobson 2012]
List of Variants
Not Counted
G1
W1 i 21
na-pi-t[]?
j i 23 na-pi-ti
G2
J1 ii 17
.GI
T1 ii 8 +GI
G3
G4
G5
J1 ii 19
T1 ii 10b
ip-pu-
W1 ii 16b
C ii 16
u]m-[mat]
J1 ii 50
T1 vi 1
]u?
t]i
d]i?
j vi 9b i-ba-am-ma
G6
C vi 17 um-u?
W1 vi 1
][
Page 1
Notes
G1 The sign in manuscript W has only the lower head of a single wedge preserved in
the lower left part. As well as T (!), this could just as easily be read as TI ("), TI3
(#) or TI5 ($).
G6 W may have combined lines 298 and 299 into one line that was written on the first
line of column vi. This is a variation in the layout of the text rather than an actual textual
variant.1
Orthographic
Phonetic compliments
A. R. George, The Babylonian Gilgamesh Epic: Introduction, Critical Edition and Cuneiform Texts
Page 2
Ci2
UD.ZI
W1 i 2 [
-t]im
G9
J1 v 13 u]t-ZI
W1 v 6
G8
J1 iii 35
2-a
T1 iii 20a
c3 iii 10a
2-a
G10
C v 47
u]t-ZI-tim
ut-ZI
W1 v 31
Z]I-tim
Ci1
a-na
W1 i 8 ana
K3 catchline ana
b catchline
ana
f catchline
ana
G15
Ci8
J2 i 8a ana d Gi-gim-ma
ji8
G12
Ci1
b catchline
UD.ZI-tim ru-qi
f catchline
G16
W1 i 17a
ana ki-i[k
j i 18 a-na ki-ik-ki-u
UD.ZI SUD
G17
Ci5
a-na d Gi-gim-ma
UD.ZI ru--qi
G13
a-na d Gi[
ana
W1 i 22
a-na
j i 24 ana
J2 i 5 ana
W1 i 5 a-na
G18
W1 i 22
lib-bi
j i 24
G14
J2 i 8a -n]a
Page 3
T2 i 3 a]p-si-i
W1 i 26
W1 ii 29
ABZU
G27
G20
T2 i 4 a-zak-ka-r[a
W1 i 27
G22
G23
G24
MU-ra
C iii 20a
7- u4-mu
T2 i 8aDUG7.GA
J1 iii 22a
se-bu- u4-mu
W1 i 31a
[i]-qab-bi
T1 iii 7a
7- u4-m[u
T2 i 8b
MU-[ra]
C iii 20a
ina
W1 i 31b
i-zak-ka-ra
J1 iii 22a
i-na
C iii 21
GIM
W1 ii 3 10 NINDA.TA.M
J1 iii 23
ki-ma
j ii 8
T1 iii 8 GIM
C ii 2 10 NINDA.M
G29
G30
10 NINDA.TA.M
J1 ii 10
GIR4
G31
T1 ii 2 k]i-i-ri
G25
G26
J1 iii 8 ki-ma
T2 ii 45GIM
G28
G21
a-na
W1 ii 9a
ki-i-ri
W1 ii 9a
ana
J1 ii 10
a-n[a]
C ii 3 ana
G32
J1 iii 33
a-na
T1 iii 18
ana
c3 iii 9a
a-na
C iii 33b
al-
J1 iii 36
al-
W2 iii 2b
3-
c3 iii 11
3-
Page 4
G33
C iii 33b
4-a
G40
J1 iii 36
re-ba-a
J1 iv 49
W2 iii 2b
4-a
j v 7 1[
c3 iii 11
4-a
G41
G34
C iii 34b
ina
J1 iii 38
i-na
c3 iii 13
[i]na
C v 5 i-ta-at
t]a-at
C v 8 se-bu-tum
j v 11 7[
G42
J1 v 9 l]ul-tum
T1 iv 14a
G35
J1 iii 50b
DG.G[A]
W4 iii 4b
a[
G43
C v 29 me-e[
J1 v 24
G36
G37
J1 iv 5 ana
3-tum
M]E
T1 v 8 A.ME
W3 iii 6
a-na
J1 iv 7b
DINGIR.DINGIR
b rev. 11
G44
c2 iv 3 DINGIR.ME
J1 v 24 GIM
T1 v 8 GI]M
b rev. 11
G38
m]e-e
ki-ma
C iv 28 a-na
J1 iv 23b
ana
G45
C v 31 S[AG.D]U-
J1 v 26 qaq-qa-di-
G39
C iv 35 pi-i
J1 iv 30
W1 v 17a
D]U-
KA
Page 5
J1 v 28b
ana
W1 v 18a
a-na
W1 vi 3b
G53
G47
C v 34 an]a
ana
C vi 21 a-na
W1 vi 5
ana
J1 v 30 ana
W1 v 20
a[
G55
j vi 21 ma-la-u
z vi 7b
G48
C v 36b
SU-
J1 v 32b
zu-mur-
W1 v 23a
zu-mu[r
G56
M.LA5
C vi 25 m ur-[nabi
W1 vi 10a
ur- d nabi
j vi 22 m ur-nabi
G49
J1 v 36 M]U-r
W1 v 27
MU[
b rev. 21
za]k-ka-r[a
z vi 8
G57
C vi 25 ]a-a
W1 vi 10a
G50
C vi 16a
lb-bi
z vi 8 -a
C vi 18 a-[
G58
T1 vi 3 ana
W1 vi 2
T1 vi 4b
C vi 26 a-na
W1 vi 10b
an[a
C vi 27a
ana
W1 vi 11
a[
j vi 23b
a-na
ana
j vi 11 a-na
G52
i-da-a-a
j vi 22 i-da-a-a
j vi 9a
G51
b]e
G59
a-na
Page 6
C vi 28 a-na
W1 vi 13
G61
ana
G63
C vi 33 m ur-nabi
z vi 16
C vi 24a
i]l-la-k[a
W1 vi 9a
DU-ka
ur-u-na-be
C vi 30 KI-ia
W1 vi 15
G62
]na
it-t[i
G54
C vi 33 a-na
W1 vi 18
j vi 20 il-la-ka
ana
C i 11
W1 i 11a
d]u-
a ti-du-u
G68
j i 11 a ti-du-
G65
C i 13 qer-bu-
W1 i 13
G66
G67
G69
]-u
T2 i 31
6-
W1 ii 5a
6-u
J1 ii 28
W1 ii 22
G70
G71
J1 ii 29
ka-li--nu
W1 ii 23
ka-li-u-n[u
J1 ii 31
--az-na-an-nu
W1 ii 25
--az-na-nu
C ii 15
i-ba--u
J1 ii 49
b]a--
J1 iii 5aa-a-
T2 ii 42a
a-a-u
Page 7
G72
C iii 21
J1 iii 23
G79
C iv 15a
J1 iv 12a
T1 iii 8
-s
pa-a-
b obv. 1a
]u
c2 iv 8ap]a-a-
G73
C iii 24
J1 iii 26
T1 iii 11
G80
c3 iii 3 u
G74
G75
C iii 46a
i-i-n
J1 iii 50a
i-i-nu
J1 iii 53
J1 iv 14
ki-i-ki-i
b obv. 2b
ki-ki[
C iv 18a
]a-
J1 iv 15a
i-a-a-
b obv. 3a
i-a-u
C iv 27
]u
J1 iv 23a
mi-lik-
u-i-
W3 iii 1
G76
G81
C iv 17 ki-i[
]i-u
G82
J1 iv 3 sur-qin-ni
W3 iii 4b
sur-q-ni
G83
C iv 38 u
J1 iv 33
G77
C iv 7 u
J1 iv 5
G84
C v 1 re-i-[u]
J1 iv 45
G78
J1 iv 11
c2 iv 7b
G85
re-i-
Cv4 u
Page 8
G86
G92
J1 v 20 a-
b rev. 7
W1 vi 7
t]a-ri-u
]u
a-
J1 v 25b
zu-mur-
b rev. 13a
z]u-m[ur]-u
G94
G88
ta-ri-
z vi 4b
G93
G87
C vi 23a
C v 35 ma-le-
C vi 25 ma]n-ni-ia
W1 vi 10a
ma]n-ni-i
C vi 32b
ik-u-d[u-ni]m-ma
z vi 14b
ik-u-du-ni-ma
T v 15 ma-le-u
W1 v 21
[m]a-le-
G95
C vi 33 d GI-gm-ma
z vi 15b
G89
C v 37a
J1 v 33a
S]AG.DU-
b rev. 18a
G90
G91
]u
C v 45 u
W1 v 30a
G96
T1 vi 5 A.ME-
j vi 14 A.ME-a
C vi 36 u-i-
W1 vi 21
G98
GI-TUK
C vi 34
z vi 17
G97
m d
u-i-u
C vi 38
W1 vi 23
Page 9
c3 iii 8a
ap-pa-lis
c1 i 11 []a-ru-u
G106 C iv 1
G101 J1 ii 28
T1 ii 18[
sa-lat-ia
a-nu-um
J1 iii 53
a-num
]ti-ia
G107 C iv 13 i-ba-a[n
G102 C ii 5 at-ta-din
J1 iv 10
J1 ii 39
i]n
W1 ii 31
at-[ta]-din
c2 iv 7ai-ban-ni
G108 C iv 22a
G103 J1 iii 15
a-na-ku-[u]m-ma
i-ban-n[i]
J1 iv 18a
ta-k[un
ta-ku-nu
T2 ii 25ana-ku-um-ma
G109 C iv 23a
G104 C iii 23
ap-pal-sa-am-ma
J1 iii 25
ap-pa-al-sa
T1 iii 10
ap-pal-sa-am-ma
c3 iii 2 ap-[p]al[
G105 J1 iii 31
ap-pa-li-is
T1 iii 16
ap-pa-lis
c3 iii 8a
ap-pa-lis
G105 J1 iii 31
T1 iii 16
ap-pa-li-is
ap-pa-lis
J1 iv 19a
G110 C iv 24a
J1 iv 20a
ta-ku[n
ta-ku-nu
ta-ku[n
ta-ku-nu
G111 C iv 25 ana-ku
J1 iv 21
a-na-ku
G112 C vi 18 a-na-ku
W1 vi 2
ana-ku
Page 10
G113 T1 vi 8 l]am-ma
W1 vi 11
-kun
j vi 23b
-ku-un
j vi 3b ]la-ma
z vi 3b
i-lam-ma
G115 C vi 35a
W1 vi 20a
G114 C vi 27a
i-i-i-ma
i[ ]i[
-kun
GU.ZA.L.ME
J1 ii 44
ME]
W1 ii 35
gu-za-l-
G119 C iv 3 UD.ME
J1 vi 1 UD.ME
c2 iii 5 [UD.M]E
DINGIR.ME
G120 C iv 4 [DI]NGIR.ME
J1 iv 2 DINGIR.ME
G118 J1 iii 17
DINGIR.DINGIR
c2 iii 6 DINGI]R?
T1 iii 2 DINGIR.ME
ia-ti-ma
W1 i 3 ia-a-ti-m[a]
G122 J2 i 10 [
W1 i 11a
]--ri-pak
[U]RU u-ri-pak
Page 11
]u--[
j i 21 lu u-ru-up-pa-ku-
G124 T2 i 12
W1 i 34b
p]i-ia-a-ma
e-pi-i-a
G125 J1 ii 8 l]u
T2 i 34
T1 iii 7a
G127 C iii 29
J1 iv 39
lu
G131 J1 v 2 ru-q
T1 iv 6
T1 iv 17
ka--a-di
k]a--di
pa-tu
pa-tu
c3 iii 8a
pa-a[
ru--q
G133 J1 v 16 mu--tum
T1 iv 20
mu-tum
G134 J1 v 21a
b rev. 8a
G135 C v 32a
J1 iii 38
r]u--q
J1 v 13 ru-q
J1 iii 31
ru-q
G132 C v 18 ]-q
W1 ii 7 lu-
G130 C iv 44 ru--[q]
ka--a-di
J1 v 27 ]
ka--d[i]
T1 v 11 lu
W1 v 17b
n]a-as-su
pa-na-su
lu-
lu
G129 C iv 18a
]a-
J1 iv 15a
i-a-a-
G136 C v 44 mi-na-a
b obv. 3a
i-a-u
W1 v 29
mi-na
Page 12
G138 C vi 30 a-a-i-ta
W1 vi 15
a-a-ta
Determinatives
G139 C i 1a GURU.ME
T2 i 23b
l GURU.ME
J1 v 5
md
T1 iv 9
GI-gm-ma
d
GI-gm-ma
c1 i 10 l GURU.ME
G144 C vi 25 m ur-[nabi
G140 C ii 4
W1 ii 30
pu-zu-ur-d[
pu-zu-<ur>-d
W1 vi 10a
ur- d nabi
j vi 22 m ur-nabi
KUR.GAL
G145 C vi 34 m ur-nabi
G142 J1 iii 34
T1 iii 19
G143 C v 12
kur ni-mu
W1 vi 19
ur-d nabi
ni-mu
G[I-g]m-ma
G146 C vi 35b
im-ul-lu
z vi 19
]ub
im--lu
a-gur-rat
Page 13
Notes
G37 See also the possible reading of this form of the plural in manuscript c, G120.
G42 The form in J reflects the Standard Babylonian shift // > /l/ before a voiceless
dental plosive. See the notes to G266 and G231.
G49 The possible ventive suffix appended to the verb in manuscript b is not counted in
keeping with Rule 3.2
G95 The form in manuscript C is expected, while manuscript z has an abbreviated
spelling. The short writing of the proper noun is an abbreviated logographic form of the
spelling GI-TUK-ma that appears in copies of the lexical series AR.ra=ubullu,
and in Sumerian lists of early rulers found at Emar. This particular short form is only
found here and in one other manuscript of early Neo-Assyrian origin from Aur
(VAT10585b and VAT10916).3
G69 This is a feature of unusual Kuyunjik orthography according to George.4
G100 George suggests this form could read this as a Neo-Assyrian spelling (CVC) in
manuscript C against a Standard Babylonian spelling (CV-CV) in manuscript c.5 The
form may alternatively be read as a theorised *parras type adjective, arr, rich.6 In
this case C has the correct orthography while c is defective.
G101 The arrangement of syllables reflects the orthographic patterns given as (c) and
(e) by George.7
Page 14
Page 15
Orthographic (linguistic)
Archaic final m
G147 C i 7
ba-la-a te-
G148 C v 30b
a-a-bu
W1 i 7 ba-la-[a te]--um
J1 v 25b
a-a-bu
ji7
W1 v 16b
[]a?-[bu]-um?
ba-la-a ta-
Case vowels
G149 C i 5
tu-qu-un-ti
G152 W1 i 21
W1 i 5 t[u-q]u-un-t
ji5
[ ]-ak-ku-ra
j i 23 [m]a-ak-ku-ru
[t]u-qu-un-ti
G153 T2 i 9 ta-qab-b[a-]--nu-ti
G150 J2 i 9
r]i-ta
W1 i 10
j i 10
pi-ri-ti
W1 i 32
ta-qab-ba--u-
nu-tu
ri]-ti
G154 C i 3 lap-nu
G151 J2 i 12 a-bu-b[i
W1 i 13
j i 14 a-bu-bi
j ii 6a lap-ni
a-bu-bu
G155 J1 ii 9 [
-t]i
W1 ii 8 i-i-tum
Page 16
G156 J1 ii 29
W1 ii 23
um-ma-a-ni
u4-ma
c3 iii 10a
u4-ma
u4-ma
um-ma-nu
G157 C ii 12
mi-i-ra
J1 ii 46
i]-ri
G158 J1 iii 20
T1 iii 20a
J1 iii 36
u4-mu
W2 iii 2b
u4-ma
c3 iii 11
u4-ma
u4-ma
6 ur-ra
T1 iii 5 6 ur-ri
J1 iii 36
u4-mu
ina ka--[a]-du
W2 iii 2b
u4-ma
J1 iii 22a
i-na ka--a-di
c3 iii 11
u4-ma
T1 iii 7a
k]a--di
G165 J1 iii 37
G160 C iii 29
r]a-a-ti
J1 iii 31
kib-ra-a-ti
T1 iii 16
kib-ra[ ]ti
c3 iii 8a
kib-ra-a-tu
5-
T1 iii 21a
5-
c3 iii 12
5-
7-a
J1 iii 38
7-a
u4-mu
W2 iii 3b
7-
T1 iii 20a
u4-ma
c3 iii 13
7-
c3 iii 10a
u4-ma
G161 J1 iii 35
u4-mu
J1 iii 38
u4-ma
u4-ma
Page 17
u4-mu
c3 iii 13
u4-mu
G174 J1 iv 12b
c2 iv 8b
G168 C iii 39
J1 iii 43
W4 iii 1
qu-ra-di
b]a
a-ri-bi
W2 iii 8a
G169 J1 iii 46
qu-ra-du
]ri-ba
G175 C iv 17 b]u-ba
J1 iv 14
a-bu-bu
ni-qa-a
G176 C iv 20 a-bu-b[u]
n]i-q[u
J1 iv 17a
a-bu-ba
b obv. 5a
a-bu-ba
G170 C iv 2 an-nu-tum
J1 iii 54
an-nu-ti
c2 iii 4 an-nu-tum
G171 C iv 2 an-nu-tum
J1 iii 54
an-nu-ti
c2 iii 4 an-nu-tum
G172 C iv 13 m]a-ti
J1 iv 10
a-ma-tu
c2 iv 7aa-mat
J1 iv 37
ba-la-u
G178 C v 32a
te-di-q
T1 v 11 te-di-q
W1 v 17b
te-di-qa
G179 C vi 17 i-i-bu
T1 vi 2 b]u
j vi 10 ]i-bi
G173 C iv 14 ka-lu
J1 iv 11
G177 C iv 42 ba-la-[a]
ka-la
G180 C vi 19a
ku-sa-pu
T1 vi 4a
ku-sa-pa
Page 18
ku-sa-pa
j vi 12 ku-sa-pu
G181 C vi 20 bu-ra
W1 vi 4
j vi 18 qu-lip-tum
z vi 5
]ta
G184 W1 vi 12
bu--ru
qaq-qa-ri
j vi 24 qa]q-qa-ru
j vi 14 b]u-ra
G185 C vi 27b
G182 T1 vi 8 am-ma
du]m-q
j vi 24 dum-qa
j vi 17 am-mu
G186 C vi 29 ra-a-a
G183 T1 vi 9 qu[ t]i
W1 vi 14
[r]a-a-u
J1 iv 47
i-tak-ka-an
a]t
J2 i 6 na-da-at
W1 i 6 [n]a-da-at-ta
G188 C i 6
e-lu e-ri-ka
J2 i 6 e-l[u
G190 C vi 27a
dum-qa
W1 vi 11
dum-qa
j vi 23b
dum-qa
z vi 9b
du-un-qi
W1 i 6 e-li e-[ri]-ka
ji6
l]u e-ri-ka
G191 C vi 27b
W1 vi 12
G189 C v 3 i-tak-ka-ni
du]m-q
du-un[
j vi 24 dum-qa
Page 19
G192 C i 13 qer-bu-
G195 J1 ii 31
W1 i 13
]-u
-mu-ut
W1 ii 25
-mu-t[u
j i 13 qer-bu-u
G196 J1 ii 34
G193 J2 i 17a [k]i-ik-ki-[u]
T1 ii 24[
j i 19 ki-ik-ki
G194 T1 ii 4 [
W1 ii 10
u]t
W1 ii 27
l]i
gi
-mu-ut
-mu-tu
G197 C vi 38 pit-ru
su-us-su-ul
W1 vi 23
pi-t[i-i]r
gu-um-mur-ka
J2 i 5 [
m]ur-ka
W1 i 5 [
]mu[r]-ku
G201 J1 iv 17a
b obv. 5a
G202 C iv 36
G199 W1 i 19
ta-ku-nu
r]i-ip-pa-ku-
J1 iv 31
n]a
n]a
man-nu
j i 21 lu u-ru-up-pa-ku-
G203 C v 13
t]e-ka
J1 v 6 ku-ru-um-me-ti-ka
G200 W1 ii 11
e-zu-ub
j ii 18 e-zi-i[b]
T1 iv 11
u]m-ma-ti-
ka
Page 20
t]a
u-ab-bi-tu4
me-u-
T1 iii 7b
G205 C v 36b
a-a-ba
J1 v 32b
a-a-bu
T1 v 17 a-a-bu
W1 v 23a
a-a-bu
m[i
G212 C iii 26
[a]p-ti
J1 iii 28
ap-te
T1 iii 13
ap-ti
c3 iii 5 ap-ti
G206 C v 36b
i-a-pi
J1 v 32b
i-a-pi
G213 C iii 27
W1 v 23a
i-a-pu
J1 iii 29
uk-tam-mi-is-ma
T1 iii 14
uk-tam-mi-is-ma
G207 C i 4 u4-mi
]me-es-ma
c3 iii 6 uk-tam-me-es-m[a
W1 ii 1 u4-me
G214 J1 iii 50b
G208 J1 ii 25b
e-e-en-i
T1 ii 16b
i-e-en-i
i-ri-
W4 iii 4b
e-ri-
G215 C iv 10 lib-ba-ti
G209 J1 ii 37
ap-te-i
T1 ii 27a]p-te-i
W1 ii 29
J1 iv 7b
c2 iv 3
lib-ba-ti
b]a-a-te
ap-ti-i
G216 C v 3 i-pi
G210 C ii 4 [
W1 ii 30
]i-i
J1 iv 47
e-pi
a-na pe-e-e
Page 21
T1 iv 11
ka
J1 v 31 el-li
G218 C vi 22a
T1 vi 7
i-te-i-in
G222 W1 vi 10a
i-na-a
j vi 22 i-na-u
i]n
W1 vi 6a
u]m-ma-ti-
z vi 8 e-na-a
i-te-e-en
j vi 16 t]e-i-in
z vi 2
G223 C iv 20 am-ma-ki
i]n
G219 C vi 27b
W1 vi 12
J1 iv 17a
am-ma-ku
G224 C iv 22a
am-ma-ki
J1 iv 18a
am-ma-ku
C iv 23a
am-ma-ki
J1 iv 19a
am-ma-ku
G226 C iv 24a
am-ma-ki
J1 iv 20a
am-ma-ku
i-te-pu-u
e-te[
j vi 24 e-te-pu-u
G225
G220 C iv 25 e[p
J1 iv 21
ap-ta-a
b obv. 9
a]p-ta-a
G221 J1 v 6 ku-ru-um-me-ti-ka
Sibilants
G228 C i 4
ia-ti-ma
G229 C iii 38
W1 i 4 ia-i-ma
J1 iii 42
W2 iii 7
man-za-z[u
man-za-zu
]-su
Page 22
G230 J1 iv 1 am-i
W3 iii 3
G231 J1 iv 24
am-si
b obv. 13
ul-te-la-an-ni
u-te-la-a[n
G233 J1 iii 10
-nam-bi
T2 ii 47-nam-ba
G234 J1 v 14 a-a-ka-ni
T1 iv 18
]a-i-ka
G235 C vi 31b
ku-sa-pa
z vi 13b
ka-a-NI-pa
a]r
bi-ni GI.M
G238 J1 ii 36
J1 iii 41a
-ma-r
W2 iii 6a
-ma-[ar
i-i
T1 ii 26i-u
G241 J1 iv 7b
im-ta-li
c2 iv 3 im-ta-la
G239 C iii 22
J1 iii 24
ik-lu
ik-la
G242 C iv 11a
-[i
J1 iv 8a -i
Page 23
b]a-
J1 iv 32
tu-ba--
Grammatical forms
G243 C iv 6 im-tal-ku-ma
J1 iv 4 im-tal-ku-ma
G246 W1 i 24
mn-du-da
j i 25b mun-du-da
c2 iii 8 im-tal-li-ku[
G247 J1 iii 6 ip-tal-u
G244 C vi 30 ana KI-ia i[
W1 vi 15
T2 ii 43ip-la-u
ana it-t[i
j vi 12
a]k-nu
z vi 12
n]u
G248 J1 iii 40
W2 iii 5
i-pa--um-ma
[ ]pa-DA--
um-ma
c3 iii 16
i-pa--um?-ma
ana it-t[i
G249 C iv 17
j vi 12
a]k-nu
J1 iv 14
z vi 12
c2 iv 10
t]a-li[k
tam-ta-lik-ma
]tal-lik-ma
n]u
Page 24
J1 v 2 MU-r
J1 v 1 ig-gl-ta-a
G257 J1 v 13 MU-r
G252 T2 i 12
W1 i 34b
G253 C iii 23
ul a-ak-ka-n[a]
MU-ra
ul a-ak-kan
ap-pal-sa-am-ma
J1 iii 25
ap-pa-al-sa
T1 iii 10
ap-pal-sa-am-ma
G251 C i 1
T1 iv 17
MU-ra
J2 i 1 M[U-r]a
K3 catchline MU-ra
b catchline
MU-r
f catchline
]r
G254 J1 iv 9b
MU-r
c2 iv 6b
MU-ra
G255 C iv 15b
r]a
J1 iv 12b
MU-r
c2 iv 8b
MU-ra
G256 C v 9 MU-ra
Page 25
Notes
G147 The lexeme em, seek out, is written with medial aleph and final -m in
manuscript W. The glottal stop (written () is part of the root. The final sign in W
could be read as U16.
G148 The sign in manuscript W is very damaged, but a variant of some kind is certain
based on the remaining material. The reading followed here is according to George,
where the sign UM is restored.10
G149 Manuscript W has the case vowel for genitive singular /i/ > /u/ in the phrase ana
epu tuqunti, to make trouble. The spelling in W may reflect a tendency toward vowel
harmony on the part of the scribe, but such an explanation could only be conjectured on
analogy with other instances where similar changes occur in case vowels. This is one
possible explanation for case vowels that are identical to the penultimate vowel of the
root to which they are attached, as occurs frequently in W11 and also sporadically in J.12 It
should be noted, though, that aberrant case vowels are explained as a matter of
orthography rather than vowel harmony in the grammars. It remains that the case vowels
in J and W, where they vary from the other sources, typically follow the penultimate
vowels of the form to which they are appended. One may note the observation by
Hmeen-Anttila that a final vowel may be sporadically assimilated to a preceding long
stressed vowel ... [or] casus vowels may even affect the root vowel ... The impact of
Babylonian dialect on NA may, in fact, be the cause for some of these changes.13
10
11
Cf. G198, G149, G188, G150, G151, G237, G153, G195, G196, G181.
12
13
2000), 32.
Page 26
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Page 27
21
22
23
24
See M. B. Rowton, 'The Use of the Permansive in Classic Babylonian,' JNES 21 (1962): 260.
25
26
Page 28
27
28
29
30
31
32
Page 29
33
34
35
36
See Huehnergard, Grammar, 601-603, and see also G208 and G219, and the notes to G209.
Page 30
37
38
39
40
41
See M. Worthington, 'Dialect Admixture of Babylonian and Assyrian in SAA VIII, X, XII, XVII and
See M. Luukko, Grammatical Variation in Neo-Assyrian (Helsinki: Neo-Assyrian Text Corpus Project,
Page 31
44
45
46
47
See Luukko, Neo-Assyrian, 71, on the possibility of the pronunciation of a voiced /q/ in Neo-Assyrian
letters.
48
49
50
On this shift in Neo-Assyrian, see Hmeen-Anttila, Neo-Assyrian Grammar, 22 n. 30, and also G266 and
G231.
Page 32
51
See Huehnergard, Grammar, 602, and more specifically George, Gilgamesh, 1.437.
52
53
54
55
56
57
Page 33
58
59
See George, Gilgamesh, 1.429, and cf. George, Gilgamesh, 1.441, type (s) wrong vowel in inflected
verbal ending.
60
61
62
63
64
Page 34
On the so-called resultative sense of the active stative, see Huehnergard, Grammar, 393-395.
66
67
68
Page 35
69
See CAD N 1 106b. In George, Gilgamesh, 1.427, this variant is listed as a difference of tense, stem or
mood.
70
71
72
Page 36
ta-ban-nu-i
c3 iii 16
i-pa--um?-ma
j i 25a ta-ban-nu-
G261 C iii 38
G259 W1 i 24
mi-na-tu-
J1 iii 42
i]m-ma
i-pa--am-ma
j i 25b mi-na-tu-
G262 W1 vi 10a
G260 C iii 36
im-ma
J1 iii 40
i-pa--um-ma
W2 iii 5
[ ]pa-DA-a-
i-na-a
j vi 22 i-na-u
um-ma
DINGIR me ka-a-
W1 ii 30
pe-e-e
ki-ma
T1 ii 10b
ki-i
W1 ii 16b
ki-i
W1 ii 33
G267 J1 iii 12
u[l-tu]
a-na-ku
T2 ii 49- a-na-ku
G265 C ii 4 pe-i-i GI.M m puzu-ur d [
G268 C iii 29
J1 iii 31
pa-tu A.AB.BA
pa-tu A.AB.BA
Page 37
a-n[a
c3 iii 8a
pa-a[
G269 C iii 47
ki-i
J1 iii 51
ki-ma
c2 iii 1 ki-ma
G270 C iv 33 ki-i
J1 iv 28
G271 C vi 27a
ki-ma
ana
W1 vi 11
a[
j vi 23b
a-na
z vi 9b
i-na?
T1 iii 10
ap-pal-sa-am-ma
G274 C iii 22
J1 iii 24
p]i-ia-a-ma
J1 iii 54
e-pi-i-a
c2 iii 4 a[
u-a-ri-ir
u-a-ri-ir-ma
T1 iii 9 u-a-ri-ir
G275 C iii 23
J1 iii 25
ap-pal-sa-am-ma
ap-pa-al-sa
G277 C v 33b
a-su-sa-am-ma
id-di-ma
J1 v 29 id-di
b rev. 15
i]d-di-ma
G278 J1 ii 8 am-a
T2 i 34
am-as-si
Page 38
pi-e KA-ka
T1 ii 22pi-e KA-ka
W1 ii 26a
pi-e gi M
G286 J1 iii 19
kat-ma ap-ta--
nu
T1 iii 4 ab-ba ap-ta--nu
G280 J1 ii 34
--az-na-na
W1 ii 27
i-za-an-na-nu
J1 iii 39b
i-tu-ram-m[a]
W2 iii 4b
i-pi[
c3 iii 15
i-t[u
G281 J1 ii 42
W1 ii 34a
ir-tam-ma-am-ma
i/ir-(t)ag]-gu-
um
G282 C iii 3b
J1 iii 5b
G283 J1 iii 10
ina ka-r[a
DINGIR.MA
ina ma-ar
T2 ii 49ina pu-ur
G285 J1 iii 13
i-pi-ra-a[m
J1 iii 41b
i-tu-ram-m[a]
W2 iii 6b
i-pi-r[a
ina A[N
T2 ii 47d be-let-DI[GIR.ME
G284 J1 iii 12
i-pi-ra-am-m[a]
G289 C iv 18a
r-ni
J1 iv 15a
i-i
c2 iv 11
]r-n[i]
G290 C v 32b
URU-
J1 v 28a
KUR-
W1 v 18a
URU-
ina ma-ar
T2 ii 50ina pu-ur
G291 C vi 22a
ni-pi
T1 vi 7 ni-pi
Page 39
n[i
z vi 2 pi?
j vi 16 ni-pi
-n[a
i-na-as-sa
G293 C vi 37 1 r
W1 vi 22
Page 40
Notes
G258 The 3fs pronominal object suffix is written as 3ms in manuscript j. According to
Huehnergard, Standard Babylonian regularly fails to distinguish between masculine and
feminine pronominal suffixes (u versus a).73 The referent elippu, ship, boat, is clearly
treated as feminine singular in the other sources (W and T), but j has a masculine singular
pronominal suffix referring to this noun in two instances.
G260 The dative pronominal suffix -imma in manuscript C marks the noun
TU.MUEN as feminine, read summatu, dove. All other sources have this noun as
masculine, thus reading TU.MUEN as summu.74
G262 The object of the verb is i-da-a-a. The noun idu, arm, is here probably to be
read as a dual, a rare declension in Neo-Assyrian.75 According to the verb form, it is
treated as feminine in manuscript W and masculine in manuscript j. The uncommon use
of the dual form in Neo-Assyrian may explain the difference in the gender of the
governing verb between the sources. The feminine plural form in z is not counted in
keeping with Rule 3.
G263 The dative object is already expressed by the independent dative pronoun kaa,
to you in the other sources.
G266 George lists this variant among minor differences in words or expressions.76
The change // > /l/ before a voiced velar plosive is considered a Babylonianism.77 The
case here involves a voiceless dental plosive, but a similar change in pronunciation may
be detected.
73
74
75
76
77
Page 41
78
George, Gilgamesh, 1.429. See also CAD K 316 and 363, where these lexemes are listed as separate
entries.
79
Page 42
81
See also A. R. George, 'Notes on Two Extremes of Weather,' Revue d'Assyriologie 79 (1985): 69.
82
83
84
Page 43
85
The reading PA.AN is admittedly difficult, though not impossible, based in the drawing in George,
Page 44
mu--a-ti
J1 iii 36
KUR- ni-mu
]
G302 J1 iii 37
G295 C vi 34 UNUG ki
z vi 17
G296 W1 ii 12
UNUG ki su-pur
2 r .GI[
j ii 19 2 r u[
5-
T1 iii 21a
5-
c3 iii 12
5- u4-ma
G303 J1 iii 37
6-
T1 iii 21a
6-
c3 iii 12
6- u4-ma
a-na gi M
G304 C iv 24b
KUR
J1 iv 20b
G298 J1 iii 21
G.ME
(omits)
T1 iii 6 ra-a-du
G305 C vi 33 ma-la-i
z vi 16
G299 C iii 23
u4-ma
J1 iii 25
ta-ma-ta
T1 iii 10
u4-ma
G300 J1 iii 33
omits
G307 C iv 11a
a-a-um-ma
T1 iii 18
J1 iv 8a a-a-um-ma
c3 iii 9a
a-na ni-mu
c2 iv 4 [
KUR-
n]u-um-ma
-g]u
Page 45
d]u-u pr-si-gu
W1 v 17a
b rev. 13b
lu-[
si-gi
d]u-u[ -
]si-gu
Page 46
]-ri
J1 ii 18-19
omits
W1 ii 16
omits
j ii 23-24
omits
it-ta-raq me-u-[
J1 iii 22b
T1 iii 7b
it-ta-raq m[i
G311 J1 iii 54
W3 iii 2
a-a am-i
omits
G312 C v 17 ]at-ta
J1 v 12 al-pu-ut-ka a-na-ku
T1 iv 16
te-et[
g]l-ta-a at-ta
W1 v 4
e]t-te-gl-ta[
G313 C v 30b
a-a-bu -pu[
J1 v 25b
a-a-bu lu a-pu
W1 v 16b
[]a?-[bu]um? -p[u
Page 47
i]l-[ ]
]li-di
J1 v 34 omits
T1 v 20a-21
a-di il[
te[
W1 v 24b-25b
a-di il-la-ku[ ]
]
d]i-ma e-de-u[ ]
ana e-e-ri-i[a
j vi 11 a-na u-u-ri-ia-a-ma
G316 C vi 27b
W1 vi 12
du]m-q i-te-pu-u
du-un[ ]e-te[
j vi 24 dam-qa e-te-pu-u
z vi 10b
]sa-kan du[
Page 48
87
88
89
90
Page 49
91
92
S. Parpola, The Standard Babylonian Epic of Gilgamesh: Cuneiform Text, Transliteration, Glossary,
Indices and Sign List (Helsinki: Neo-Assyrian Text Corpus Project, 1997), 111 and 146.
Page 50
GURU.ME[
T2 i 23b-24
c1 i 9-10
GURU.ME i-[
93
94
95
b]i-lu
Page 51
G319 C vi 28
]i-na-a-am-ma
T1 vi 15
W1 vi 13
m]a
e-du- [
j vi 25 e-du- i-na-a[
z vi 11
a]-am[
]na--a e-du-
Notes
G317 Manuscripts C and T have the order young men ... old men, against the reverse
in manuscript c.96
G318 Manuscript J reads: illak ru abbu me isappan mta, the wind was blowing,
flood, storm lay flat the land; against manuscript T: illak ru rdu me abbu
[isappan mta], wind, downpour, storm, flood.97 The linguistic variation between the
spelling of the word meu / miu is not counted in keeping with Rule 3.
G319 The syntax of manuscript z is reversed. Translated literally, z has rising was the
tide, against the tide was rising in manuscripts C, T, W and j. In all cases the verb is
intransitive and durative, though z appears to lack the ventive and enclitic particle -ma.
96
See George, Gilgamesh, 1.424, where this variation is categorised as lines transposed.
97
Page 52
3 r ku-up-ri
j ii 15 6 r ku-u[p
G321 J1 iii 18
G322 J1 iii 32
12.TA.M
T1 iii 17
14.TA.M
G323 J1 iv 23b
b obv. 12
IDIM
d -a LUGAL
Notes
G320 This is most likely confusion between the sign for the cardinal number 3 (.) and
6 (/). In either case, the numeral probably indicates a very large but indefinite number.98
G321 Manuscript C ostensibly follows manuscript J, although not enough is preserved
to be sure. According to George, manuscript T is to be preferred over J, which is seen as
a corruption due to contact with a similar line in Atra-asis.99 In the present sources,
98
99
Page 53
CAD B 224b.
101
The lines are listed among variant lines in George, Gilgamesh, 1.424.
102
See W. Horowitz, Mesopotamian Cosmic Geography (Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns, 1998), 30-40, and
182. On the interpretation of the term nag here as referring to temporary islands surrounded by the
receding waters of the flood see Horowitz, Cosmic Geography, 31.
103
104
Page 54
Page 55