Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Ashish Sharma
M.Sc. (Physics)
Anupama Upadhyay
Revised By: Mr Vijay
M.Sc. (Physics)
Lecturer
Deptt. of Information Technology
Biyani Girls College, Jaipur
2
Published by :
Think Tanks
Biyani Group of Colleges
ISBN: 978-93-81254-34-2
Edition : 2011
Price :
While every effort is taken to avoid errors or omissions in this Publication, any
mistake or omission that may have crept in is not intentional. It may be taken note of
that neither the publisher nor the author will be responsible for any damage or loss of
any kind arising to anyone in any manner on account of such errors and omissions.
Preface
am glad to present this book, especially designed to serve the needs of the
students. The book has been written keeping in mind the general weakness in
understanding the fundamental concepts of the topics. The book is self-explanatory and
adopts the Teach Yourself style. It is based on question-answer pattern. The language
of book is quite easy and understandable based on scientific approach.
Any further improvement in the contents of the book by making corrections,
omission and inclusion is keen to be achieved based on suggestions from the readers
for which the author shall be obliged.
I acknowledge special thanks to Mr. Rajeev Biyani, Chairman & Dr. Sanjay Biyani,
Director (Acad.) Biyani Group of Colleges, who are the backbones and main concept
provider and also have been constant source of motivation throughout this Endeavour.
They played an active role in coordinating the various stages of this Endeavour and
spearheaded the publishing work.
I look forward to receiving valuable suggestions from professors of various
educational institutions, other faculty members and students for improvement of the
quality of the book. The reader may feel free to send in their comments and suggestions
to the under mentioned address.
Author
Syllabus
B.C.A. Part-I
Content
S. No.
1.
Name of Topic
Electrostatics
1.1
Conductors
1.2
Insulators
1.3
Charge
1.4
Coulombs Law
1.5
Electric Field
1.6
Electric Flux
1.7
Potential
1.8
Potential Energy
1.9
Electric Power
2.
Capacitors
2.1
Capacity
2.2
Capacitor
2.3
Spherical Capacitor
2.4
Combination of Capacitors
2.5
Gang Condenser
3.
Current Electricity
3.1
Ohms Law
3.2
Specific Resistance
3.3
EMF & Terminal Voltage
3.4
Combination of Resistances
3.5
Kirchhoffs Law
3.6
Charging and Discharging of Capacitors
3.7
Time Constant of RC Circuit
4.
Magnetism
4.1
Magnetic Induction
4.2
Biot-Savarts Law
4.3
Magnetic Flux
S. No.
Name of Topic
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
Lenzs Law
Faradays Laws of EM Induction
Diamagnetic, paramagnetic and Ferromagnetic
Materials
Self Induction
Mutual Induction
5.
Alternating Current
5.1
Current
5.2
AC Generator
5.3
Impedance & Reactance
5.4
AC Circuit containing L, C & R
5.5
Power in AC Circuit
5.6
Power Factor
5.7
Star and Delta Connection of Three Phase AC
6.
7.
Electric Wiring
7.1
Fuse
7.2
Earthing
7.3
Wiring
8.
Network Analysis
8.1
Thevenins Theorem
8.2
Nortons Theorem
8.3
Maximum Power
8.4
Transfer Theorem
9.
Chapter-1
Electrostatics
Q.1
Ans.: Conductors: Conductors are the materials through which electric charge flows
easily. In general metals are good conductors. Examples Silver, Copper etc.
Insulators: The poorest of conductors in which the charge does not flow under
normal conditions are called Insulators. In general nonmetals are insulators.
Examples Glass, Paper etc.
Q.2
Positive Charge
(b)
Negative Charge
Q.3
(i)
Two charged bodies attract each other or repel one another depending on
the nature of charge present on them.
(ii)
(iii)
In every isolated system the total charge remains constant i.e. the algebraic
sum of positive and negative charge does not change in any process
taking place in the system.
Ans.: Coulombs Law: According to this law stationary charges repel or attract each
other and the attractive or repulsive force is directly proportional to the
q1q2
and
1 / r2
i.e.
q1q2 / r2
=>
K q1q2 / r2
Constant
9 X 109
where
In M.K.S. System
Define Electric Field and explain properties of Electric Lines of Forces with the
help of diagram.
Ans.: Electric field: The region in which a stationary charged particle experiences a
force (other than the gravitational force) is called electric field.
An Electric Line of Force is that imaginary smooth curve drawn in an electric
field along which a free and isolated unit positive charge will move.
Properties of Electric Lines of Force :
(i)
Electric lines of force are imaginary and start from a positive charge and
end on a negative charge.
Q.5
(ii)
The tangent drawn at any point on the line of force gives the dir n of
resultant electric field at that point.
(iii)
(iv)
These lines have a tendency to contract along the length like a stretched
elastic string. This explains attraction between opposite charges.
(v)
These lines have a tendency to move apart from each other in the dir n
normal to their length. This explains the repulsion between like charges.
Ans.: Electric Flux: The number of electric lines of force passing through an area
perpendicularly is called Electric Flux.
Electric flux depends on the angle between area vector da and dir n of electric
lines of force and is given by
d = EdaCos
There may be three conditions:
(i)
When the frame is perpendicular to dirn of electric field, In this case angle
between da & E is 0. So electric flux
10
d = EdaCos0
or
dMax = Eda
da
= Eda
(ii)
da
If the frame is parallel to the dirn of electric lines of force then = 90 and
flux
d = EdaCos90
d = 0
will be zero i.e. minimum.
(iii)
da
Q.6
11
Ans.: Gausss Law of Electrostatics : According to this law, The total electric flux of
an electric field through a closed surface is equal to 4 k or (1 / 0) times. The net
charge enclosed by that surface
i.e.
= 4kq = 1 /0q
Ans.: Electric Power : Electrical Power is defined as the rate at which electrical energy
is consumed or developed.
Electrical Power (P) = W / t = VI
Its MKS unit is Joule per Second or Watt.
Kilowatt-Hour (KWH) : Commercially the consumption of electrical energy is
expressed in terms of a unit called KWH.
12
Ans.: Definition of Potential : Total work done in moving a unit positive charge from
infinity to any point in the electric field is known as the Potential at that point.
Vp V = W / q0
Physical Significance : The level of electric charge in any object is the potential
of that object or the level of electric charge at any point is the potential at that
particular point.
1.
2.
When the distance between two equal charges is decreased to half and their magnitude of
charges also decreased to half, the force between them:
(a)
Remains unchanged
(b)
Reduces to half
(c)
Becomes half
(d)
None of the above
( )
3.
( )
( )
4.
1 erg/Coulomb
1 Coulomb/Joule
5.
6.
7.
(b)
(d)
Coulomb/Newton
Joule/Newton
( )
(b)
(d)
1.6 X 1019J
1.6 X 1020 J
( )
8.
9.
10
Magnetic energy
Elastic energy
( )
(b)
(d)
Charge
Momentum
( )
Erg/Coulomb
Coulomb/Joule
( )
What will be the potential energy of the proton-electron system in a hydrogen atom?
r is the radius of the orbit of the electron:
(a)
Ke/r
(b)
Ke2/r
+Ke/r
(d)
+Ke2/r
( )
The distance between two charges q1 and q2 is r, and then the electric potential energy
of this system will be:
(a)
(b)
(c)
12
(d)
(c)
11
13
(d)
( )
106 C
(d)
108 C
( )
14
13
If the distance and value of the charges located at different points are doubled, then the
force acting between them will be:
(a)
(c)
14.
15.
Double
Unchanged
(b)
(d)
Half
Four time
( )
16
The intensity of an electric field at some point distance r from the axis of infinite long
pipe having charges per unit length as q will be:
(a)
Proportional to r2
(b)
Proportional to r3
(c)
Inversely proportional to r
(d)
Inversely proportional to r2
( )
17
18.
(c)
19
20.
(d)
( )
( )
If a charge Q is brought near another charge Q, then total energy of the system:
(a)
Remains same
(b)
Increases
(c)
Decreases
(d)
None
( )
15
21
If a positive charge is established in an electric field against the Coulomb force then:
(a)
Work is done by electric field
(b)
Energy is utilized from some external sources
(c)
Intensity of electric field decreases
(d)
Intensity of electric field increase
( )
22.
A point has 10 volt potential, if a charge of + 10coulomb is brought from infinity to that
point, then the work done will be:
(a)
10 J
(b)
100 J
(c)
1J
(d)
2J
( )
Which of the following experiment verifies quantization of charge?
(a)
Rutherford
(b)
Millikan's oil drop
(c)
Discharge of gases
(d)
Faraday's electrolysis
( )
23
24.
25.
26
27.
( )
( )
( )
A charge + Q is placed at the centre of a cube, the amount of electric flux through its
entire surface is:
(a)
(b)
(c)
28.
(d)
Zero
( )
The electrostatic potential energy of a system of two stationary point charges + q1 and - q2
are separated by a distance r is given by:
(a)
(b)
16
(b)
S.NO.
Ans
S.NO.
Ans
S.NO.
Ans
Q:1
A
10
A
19
C
(d)
2
B
11
C
20
A
3
C
12
C
21
C
4
C
13
B
22
A
5
C
14
D
23
B
( )
6
A
15
D
24
A
7
B
16
C
25
C
8
B
17
B
26
A
9
A
18
D
27/28
C/B
17
Chapter-2
Capacitors
Q.1
Relate Capacity with Voltage and Charge. How it is said that Potential of Earth
is zero?
Ans.: When a conductor is charged, its electric level i.e. electric potential rises. The
increase in potential is proportional to the charge given to it.
If increase in potential is V when charge Q is given to the conductors, then
Q
OR
V
=
CV
- - - (1)
Q /V
1 Coulomb
1 Volt
Q.2
18
0 A / d
Farad
Where 0
->
->
->
1/d
Therefore, for increasing the capacity, the area of plates must be increased and
distance between them be decreased. It means capacity depends on the area of
the plates and distance between the plates.
Capacity also depends on the dielectric constant of the medium between the
plates.
Q.3
(i)
19
(ii)
Q.4
Ans.: Spherical Capacitor : It consists of two concentric hollow metal spheres, which
do not touch each other at any point.
20
Let radius of spheres A and B are rA and rB respectively, where rA < rB. If the inner
sphere is given a charge +Q, a charge Q is developed on inner surface of B and a
charge +Q on the outer surface of B, by induction.
If air is the medium between spheres, the potential on the surface of A due to
charge +Q on it is
VA
40
rA
-Q
40
rB
40
rA
VA - VB
=
=
(rB rA)
40
rA r B
-Q
40
rA
21
Q x 40 rA rB
V
C
Q.5
Q (rB rA)
40
rA rB
(rB rA)
V
In Series Combination, the first plate of the first condenser is connected to the
source of charge and second plate of the last condenser is connected to second
terminal of source or is earthed. The second plate of first condenser is connected
22
V1
, V2
C1
&
V3
C2
Q
C3
V1
V2
V3
=>
C1
=>
Q
=>
1
C
C2
1
C1
=
C3
1
C2
+
C1
1
C2
1
C3
1
C3
Q.6
23
In this combination first plate of all capacitors are joined at one point which is
connected to one terminal of the source, the second plate of all capacitors are
joined at another point which is earthed or connected to the second terminal of
the source.
If the charge given by the source is +Q, this charge is distributed on the
condensers in parallel according to their capacities as potential difference V is
same for all.
If the amount of charge received by the condensers are Q1 , Q2 and Q3 then
Q
Q1
Q2
Q3
=>
C1 V
C2 V
C3 V
=>
V(C1 +
C2
C3 )
=>
Q /V =
C1
C2
C3
=>
C1
C2
C3
24
The alternative plates are connected to one rod A and the other plates to another rod
B. One group of plates remains stationary but the other can be rotated with the help
of knob. By rotation of one set of plates the overlapping area of the plates can be
varied. The two groups of plates form a combination of condensers in parallel. By
changing their effective area, the resultant capacitance can be varied. It the effective
area of each plate is A and n plates have been used then the resultant capacity.
C
(n 1) 0A
D
Q.8
25
Ans.: When dielectric material placed between the charged plates of a capacitor, the
centres of negative and positive charge distributions in the atoms or molecules
no longer remain coincident but get separated. The centre of negative charge
distribution gets displaced towards the positive plate and centre of positive
charge distribution towards the negative plates. This phenomenon is called
Polarization.
Due to this polarization, negative charge gets accumulated on the surface of
dielectric near the positive plate and an equal positive charge appears on the
surface of dielectric near the negative plates. This accumulation of charge on the
two surfaces of dielectric reduces the applied electric field. If the dielectric
constant of the medium is K then the electric field intensity between the charged
plates of a parallel plate condenser becomes.
EK
0K
And due to this capacity of dielectric filled capacitor is K times, the capacity in
air or vacuum.
Where
Q.9
Cm
KC
0A
d
Farad
A Parallel Plate Capacitor of plate area A and separation of is filled with two
materials each of thickness d/2 and dielectric constants 1 and 2 respectively.
What is its equivalent capacitance?
Ans.: Formula :
26
0A
t1
k1
t2
k2
t1
t2
d/2
k1
&
k2
0A
d/2
1
=
d/2
2
0A
d
1
2
20A
d
1 2
=>
20A
d
1 2
1
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
27
( )
( )
Q:04 Two condensers of capacitor C1 and C2 charged to potential V1 and V2 are joined
by a wire. The loss of energy E is:
(a)
E = (C1 + C2) (V1V2)2
(b)
(c)
(d)
increase
nothing can be predicted
( )
4V
IV
++
2+ +
F
+
+ (b)
(a)
1 C
2 C
(c)
3 C
(d)
4 C
( )
Q:07 If dielectric medium of constant K is filled between the plates of a capacitor, then its
capacity increases:
(a)
times
(b)
k times
(b)
K2 times
(d)
Q:08 The energy stored in an capacitor is in the form of:
(a)
Kinetic energy
(b)
Potential energy
( )
28
(c)
Magnetic energy
(d)
Elastic energy
( )
( )
( )
Q:11 Four capacitor each of capacity 3 Farad are connected in series. The resultant
capacity will be:
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
( )
If the area of plates is doubled, its
Doubled
Unchanged
( )
Magnetic field
None of the above
( )
Q:14 The capacitances of two capacitors are C1 and C2 It ehy charged to the same
potential, then the ratio of their charges will be:
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(b)
(d)
F and 4
( )
Volt
Farad
( )
(b)
(d)
( )
29
increase
nothing can be predicted
3C
C F
C F
B
(b)
C F
(c)
(d)
( )
. Q:19 When dielectric material is inserted between the plates of a capacitor its
capacitance
(a)
decreases
(b)
increase
(c)
ions constant
(d)
reduces to zero
S.NO.
Ans
S.NO.
Ans
Q:1
D
10
A
2
B
11
A
3
C
12
B
4
D
13
C
5
A
14
D
6
A
15
D
7
B
16
C
8
B
17
B
9
A
18
D
30
Chapter-3
Current Electricity
Q.1
Ans.: Ohms Law : This law states that if the physical conditions of a conductor (such
as temperature, pressure etc. remain same, then the current flow through it is
directly proportional to the potential difference applied across it.
Therefore, if V is the potential difference across the ends of a conductor and I is
the current flowing through it, then
i.e.
=>
RI
=>
(Constant)
I
This constant is known as resistance of the conductor.
31
Ans.: The obstruction produced in the motion of free electrons is called Electrical
Resistance of Conductor.
R = V/I
Practical unit of resistance is Ohm. If the potential difference across the ends of a
conductor is one volt and the current flowing through it is one ampere, then the
resistance of the conductor is one Ohm.
Resistance of a Conductor depends on the following factors :
(i)
(ii)
Cross Sectional Area or Thickness of the Wire : The resistance of the wire
is inversely proportional to cross sectional area of the wire i.e.
R
(iii)
l/A
Material of the Wire : If wires of same length and same thickness are
made from different materials, then their resistance will be different.
Thus if the length and cross-sectional area of the wire are l and A
respectively, then the resistance
R
=>
l/A
=
l/A
l/A
1 metre
and
1 m2
32
Then R
Ans.: Electromotive Force (E) : The EMF of a cell in a closed circuit is equivalent to the
work done for the flow of unit positive charge through the external and internal
resistance.
Terminal Voltage (V) : Terminal voltage is equivalent to the work done for the
flow of unit positive charge through the external resistance only.
E is always greater than V and their difference is equal to the potential drop
across the interval resistance of the cell.
E - Ir = V
Or we can say that the EMF (E) is the amount of work done in driving a unit
positive charge around the whole circuit (external and internal) while the
potential difference (V) in the closed circuit is the amount of work done in
driving a unit positive charge through the external resistance only.
Q.5
Ans.: Series Combination of Resistances : In this combination, the second end of the
first resistance is connected to first end of the second resistance and so on. In
such a combination, same amount of current flows in all resistance but the
potential difference across the resistance changes according to their resistance.
33
Let i is the current flowing through R1, R2 & R3, then by Ohms law
V1
i R1 ,
V2
i R2
and
V3
i R3
V1
V2
V3
i R1
i R2
i R3
i (R1
R2
i R3 )
(1)
iR
(2)
i( R1
R2
R3 )
R1
R2
R3
34
Suppose the current supplied by the battery is i, this current is divided into three
parts, i1 flowing through R1, i2 flowing through R2 and i3 flowing through R3.
i
=
i1
+
i2
+
i3
If the potential difference between A and B is V, then
i1
i2
R1
&
i2
R2
R1
=>
V 1
V
=>
1
+
1
R3
R2
+
V
R3
R2
R1
=
R2
R1
=>
V
R3
1
R3
35
R1
R2
R3
What is the need of Kirchhoffs Laws? Explain Kirchhoffs Current Law with
the help of examples.
Ans.: Need of Kirchhoffs Law : Ohms Law gives the relation between the potential
differences across a conductor and the current flowing through it. In complex
circuits i.e. electrical networks direct use of Ohms Law is not possible. Therefore
to determine the current flowing through any branch of network and the voltage
at the node, Kirchhoffs Laws are used.
Kirchhoffs Current Law : According to this law the algebraic sum of the
currents meeting at any junction or node is zero i.e.
i
i1 + i5 = i2 + i3 + i4
Example :
In this figure to find out the
value of i, we apply Kirchhoffs
Current Law
5 + 7 + 2 - 3 - i= 0
=>
11 i = 0
=>
i = 11 Amp.
5
3
7
2
i
36
Q.7
Ans.: Kirchhoffs Voltage Law : According to this law, the algebraic sum of the
voltages in a specified direction along a closed loop of an electrical circuit is zero.
v
(ii)
The voltage drop across any resistance will be +ve if these are in the
direction of current flow.
Using these two conditions and starting from point A
OR
V1
V2
E2
E1
V1
V2
E1
E2
Thus the algebraic sum of all the voltage drops in a closed loop is equal to the
sum of EMFs in the loop.
Q.8
37
RI
(1)
As time increases the charge on the capacitor increases and finally acquires the
maximum value q0. At this state, potential difference across capacitor becomes
equal to EMF (E), thus
E
q0
(2)
C
Putting this in equation (1)
q0
RI
RCI
(q0
q)
(q0
q)
(q
q0)
Or
q0
Or
1
RC
Or
dq
dt
Or
dq
1
RC
(3)
38
dt
=>
RC
dq
(q
=
q0)
-1
dt
RC
q0)
-1
C1
-1
RC
Now at t = 0, q = 0
So,
loge ( - q0 )
C1
Loge(q
q0)
loge ( - q0 )
RC
Loge q
q0
-1
- q0
q
t
RC
q0
-1
- q0
RC
q0
q0(1
- q0 e t/RC
e t/RC)
Q.9
39
RI
(1)
C
OR
R dq +
dt
OR
dq
C
=
dt
OR
dq
-1
RC
=
-1
dt
(2)
RC
-1
RC
At t = 0, q = q0 = EC
So,
Loge (q0)
dt
40
-1
dt
Loge q0
-1
RC
Loge q
Loge q0
RC
Loge q
q0
q
-1
RC
=
q0 e t/RC
and
41
q0 (1
e t/ )
I0 e t/
q0 e t/
- I0 e t/
q0 (1
e 1 )
q0 (1
0.37 )
0.63 q0
0.37 I0
During discharging
and
At t = during charging
and
i.e. time constant is the time at which during charging the charge on capacitor
increase about 63% of the maximum value while current decreases to 37% of the
maximum value.
(b)
(c)
(d)
LI2
( )
( )
( )
42
( )
( )
ohm/meter2
ohm-meter2
(b)
(d)
( )
(b)
(d)
Very large
Zero
( )
2V
+
-
30
30
30
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
( )
(b)
(d)
Carbon wire
Tungsten wire
( )
(b)
(d)
( )
(a)
(c)
43
Volt
Joule
(b)
(d)
Ampere
Coulomb
( )
11
The diameters of two resistance wires of equal length and of the same material are
in the ratio of 1 : 2 the ratio of their resistances will be:
(a)
1:2
(b)
1:4
(c)
4:1
(d)
2:1
( )
12.
(b)
(d)
Unit of resistivity is :
(a)
ohm/m
(c)
ohm-m
(b)
ohm/m2
ohm-m2
13
14.
15.
16
17.
18.
Q:19
(d)
Small
Infinite
( )
( )
( )
I = Ioe
(b)
I = Ioe
(c)
I = Io 1 - e -
(d)
I = Io 1 + e
( )
( )
(b)
(d)
Ohm-M
mho-m
( )
(b)
(d)
Carbon wire
Tungsten wire
( )
A flow of 107 electrons per second in a conducting wire constitutes a current of:
44
(a)
(c)
Q:20
Q:21
1.6 X 1026 A
1.6 X 1012 A
(b)
(d)
1.6 X 1012 A
1.6 X 1026 A
( )
Indentify the set in which all the materials are good conductors of electricity.
(a)
Cu, Ag and Au
(b)
Cu, Si and diamond
(c)
Cu, Hg and NaCL
(d)
Cu, Fe and Hg
When a current flows in a conductor, the order of magnitude of drift velocity of electrons
through it is:
(a)
1010 m/s
(b)
102 m/s
(c)
1010 cm/s
(d)
107 cm/s
( )
( )
( )
(b)
(d)
( )
Carbon resistance
Tungsten wire
( )
S.No
Q:1
Ans
S.NO.
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
28
Ans
S.NO.
19
20
21
22
23
24
Ans
45
Chapter-4
Magnetism
Q.1
Let a point P on its axis at a distance r from its centre. The distance of point P
from the N Pole will be (r l) while from S Pole it will be (r + l). The magnetic
field intensity at P due to N Pole will be
0
(r l)2
(r + l)2
46
(r - l)2
4mlr
(r2 - l2)2
2Mr
(r2 - l2)2
(r + l)2
(where M = 2ml)
Q.2
2Mr
r4
2M
r3
Ans.: Magnetic Induction due to a Bar Magnet at a point on its equatorial line:
47
Consider point P on equatorial line of magnet at distance r from its centre. The
distance of P from both the poles will be the same, equal to (r2 + l2)1/2
The intensity of magnetic field due to N Pole will be
B1
along PQ
(r2 + l2)
along PR
(r2 + l2)
The components of B1 & B2, which are perpendicular to the axis being equal and
opposite, will cancel each other while the components parallel to the axis being in
the same direction will get added.
So, resultant magnetic field at P will be in a direction parallel to the axis and will
be given as
B
B1 Cos
0
4
=
=
+
2m
Cos
(r2 + l2)
2m
(r2 + l2)
B2 Cos
l
(r2 + l2)1/2
(where M = 2ml)
(r2 + l2)3/2
Q.3
r3
Ans.: Biot Savarts Law : This law is used to determine the magnetic field intensity at
a certain point.
48
This law states that magnetic field intensity B at a certain point due to a current
carrying element
l of the conductor is
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
I l Sin
r2
I l Sin
r2
Tesla
For other media is used in place of 0 for the permeability of that medium.
Q.4
49
Ans.: Magnetic Induction at the Centre of Coil due to Circular Current Carrying Coil
:
As shown in figure, the distance of observation point (centre) from each element
of the coil is equal to the radius a. In addition the position vector r makes an
angle of 90 with each element. Hence Sin = Sin90 = 1. Thus from Biot-Savarts
Law. The magnetic induction due to a current carrying element l at the point P
Il
a2
The direction of magnetic field due to all the elements is same. Therefore total
magnetic induction at the centre of the coil is
B
a2
a2
=
B
0I
l
(2a)
50
2a
If the coil has n turns, then
l
2an
0nI
Tesla
2a
Q.5
Determine the Force per unit length between Two Current Carrying Parallel
Conductors.
0ia
51
2d
According to Right Hand Palm rule, field Ba is perpendicular to the plane of
paper and directed downwards.
This means that second current carrying conductor is now placed in field B a
hence it will experience a force due to Ba. The magnitude of this force Fb on the
element l of wire will be
Fb
ib l Ba
Fb
ia ib l
This direction of Fb will be towards conductor a. Thus the force per unit length of
wire b
Fb
ia ib
Similarly force per unit length of wire a due to the magnetic field produced by
wire b will be
Fa
l
Q.6
ia ib
Ans.: Magnetic flux : The magnetic flux linked with any surface placed in magnetic
field B is measured by total number of magnetic lines of force passing through it.
If we imagine that a plane surface of area A is placed in uniform magnetic field
(In which lines of force are parallel and equidistant) then magnetic flux is given
as
B.A =
BACos
52
Q.7
(i)
Faradays First Law : Whenever the magnet flux linked with a circuit
changes with time an induced EMF is developed in the circuit. The
induced EMF in the circuit exists so long as the change in magnetic flux
continues. This law gives the cause of generation of induced EMF.
(ii)
Ans.: Lenzs Law : The direction of induced EMF and induced current is obtained with
the help of this law. According to this law the direction of induced current in the
circuit is always such that it opposes the very cause which has produced it.
This law is applicable to closed circuits only.
Suppose a bar magnet SN is pushed towards the coil then induced EMF must
oppose the motion of magnet towards the coil. A north pole is formed at the face
of the coil opposite to magnet and magnet is repelled. And when viewed from
the side of magnet, the current in coil is anticlockwise.
Similarly when the magnet is moved away from the coil, a south pole is formed
at the opposite face and the attractive force between south and north poles
opposes the motion, therefore, the current in the coil will be clockwise.
Q.8
Ans.: Diamagnetic Substances : Those materials which are repelled by magnetic field
i.e. a force acts on them from higher magnetic field region (in opposite direction)
such as water, sodium chloride etc. are called Diamagnetic Substances.
53
1/ T
=
C/T
C
T - Tc
54
Due to change in current passing through a coil, the magnetic field produced by
it and the magnetic flux linked with it changes with time, producing an induced
EMF in the coil. This phenomena is called Self Induction. The phenomena of self
induction occurs in every current carrying circuit or element.
Mutual Induction :
The phenomena of electromagnetic induction in which, on changing the current
in one coil an opposing induced EMF is produced in a neighboring coil, is known
as Mutual Induction.
(d)
( )
3.
(b)
(d)
Weber
amp/m
( )
(b)
(d)
Positive rays
( )
(b)
(d)
( )
A bar magnet of magnetic moment 'M' is cut into two equal parts. The magnetic
moment of either of part will be:
(a)
2M
(b)
(c)
55
(d)
Zero
( )
L=
(c)
L=
L=
(d)
( )
The peak value of a.c. is 4 Ampere the root mean square value of current in the circuit is:
(a)
4 Ampere
(b)
Ampere
56
(c)
Ampere
(d)
8 Ampere
( )
10
Magnetic field is produced by the flow the current in a straight wire. This phenomenon
is based on:
(a)
Faraday's
(b)
Maxwell's law
(c)
Coulomb's law
(d)
Biot-Sawart law
( )
11
(b)
(d)
Ampere-meter
Weber-meter
( )
12.
The direction of lines of force of magnetic field produced due to flow of direct current in
a conductor is formed by:
(a)
Lenz/s law
(b)
Right hand rule
(c)
Faraday's law
(d)
Biot-svart's law
( )
13
Oersted
Bohr
( )
14
The value of magnetic induction B at different points situated on the axis of current
carrying wire will be:
(a)
Zero
(b)
Maximum
(c)
Proportional to current
(d)
None of above
( )
15
The field intensity due to current I flowing through a straight long wire is proportional
to:
(a)
I
(b)
I2
(c)
16
17.
When
will.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(d)
I/I
( )
current is passed, through two long straight wires in same direction then there
be force of repulsion between the wires
be force of attraction between the wires
Not be any force of attraction between the wires
Not be any force in opposite direction mutually
( )
(b)
(c)
(d)
18
19
57
( )
( )
The formula for magnetic induction at the centre of current carrying circular coil of
radius r is:
(a)
(b)
(c)
(c)
( )
20
A circular coil A and radius r carries a current I. Another circular coil B of radius 2r
carries a current 2I. The magnetic fields at the centers of the circular coils are in the
ratio of:
(a)
4 :1
(b)
3:1
(c)
2 :1
(c)
1:1
( )
21
( )
Diamagnetism is:
(a)
Distortion effect
(b)
Orientation effect
(c)
Both distortion and orientation
(d)
Cooperative phenomena
( )
( )
22.
23
58
S.NO.
Q:1
Ans
S.NO
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
Ans
S.NO
19
20
21
22
23
Ans
59
Chapter-5
Alternating Current
Q.1
Ans.: Electric Current : The amount of charge flowing per second at a given point or
rate of flow of charge is called Current. The practical unit of current is Ampere
and is equivalent to Coulomb per Second. When one coulomb charge flows in one
second, the current is one Ampere.
Direct Current or DC : The current whose magnitude remains constant with time
and which flows continuously in a definite direction is call Direct Current.
(I)
Current
time (t)
Alternating Current or AC : The current whose direction is not definite but
reversed after definite intervals of time is called Alternative Current or AC. The
magnitude of such a current does not remain constant but changes periodically
with time.
60
Q.2
Give the Principle of AC Generator. Describe its main parts. What factors does
the EMF developed depend?
Armature
ii)
Field Magnets
iii)
Slip Rings
iv)
Brushes
61
Brushes : These are two flexible metallic plates or carbon rods. The purpose of
brushes is to pass on current from the armature coil to external load resistance.
Induced EMF in AC Generator is gives as
E
NABW Sinwt
N ->
A ->
B ->
Magnetic Field
Maximum
EMax
E0
NABW X 1
Therefore,
E
Q.3
E0Sinwt
Define Mean, Peak and RMS Values of an AC and obtain expression for these.
Ans.: Mean or Average Value of AC Current : The mean of the instantaneous value (I
= I0Sinwt) over a full cycle is called Mean or Average Value. In a full cycle the
mean value of alternating current is zero because during first half of the cycle, the
current is positive and in a certain direction and in the next half cycle, the current
is negative i.e. opposite to the values in first half cycle.
Peak Value (I0) : The maximum value of current in a cycle of alternating current
is called Peak Value.
Root Mean Square Value : The square root of the mean of square of current over
a full cycle is called Root Mean Square Value i.e. RMS Current
Irms
I2
I0Sin(wt + )
I2
I02Sin2 (wt + )
62
Q.4
So,
I2
I02 ()
Hence,
Irms
I2
Irms
0.707 I0
I02 / 2
I0 / 2
Ans.: Impedance : In an AC circuit usually current and potential difference are not in
same phase. To obtain a complete relationship between potential difference and
current, it is necessary to write the phase difference between potential difference
and current along with ratio of magnitudes of these quantities. This combined
quantity is called the Impedance of Element for Alternating Current.
Impedance (Z)
I
Reactance : The Impedance of AC circuit contains two parts. One in which
potential difference and current always remains in same phase and the other in
which there is a phase difference of /2 (+ or -) b/w potential difference and
current. This second part is called Reactance (X).
So,
Q.5
/2
Determine the Impedance of L-R Circuit and show that in such a Circuit
Current lay behinds the Voltage.
E0Sinwt
(1)
63
Let I be the current in the circuit at any instant and VL and VR are the potential
differences across L and R respectively at the instant, then
And
VL
IXL
VR
IR
IL
/2,
64
=>
VR2 + VL2
I2(R2 + XL2)
E
R 2 + X L2
Here R2 + XL2
->
ZRL
[ R2 + XL2 ]1/2
[ R2 + (L)2 ]1/2
VL
IL
VR
IR
tan-1 (L/R)
This is the angle by which the current lag behinds the voltage.
Q.6
E0Sinwt
65
If I is the current in the circuit at any time t, then potential difference across R is
VR = IR and across C is VC = IXC = I (1 / C)
VR and I will be in same phase while VC will lag behind I by
/2 i.e. 90.
66
E2
=>
VR2 + VL2
(IR)2 + (IXC)2
I2(R2 + XC2)
E
R2 + XC2
Here R2 + XC2
->
ZRC
R2 + XC2
R2 + (1/C)2
Ans.: If an AC circuit contains Inductance (L), Capacitance (C) and Resistance (R) in
Series, then Impedance (Z) of this series combination is obtained as
(IZ)2 =
OR
Z2
R2 + (XL XC)2
=>
From this equation, we see that when frequency increases, Inductive Reactance
L and Capacitive Reactance 1/WC decreases, its opposite takes place. Therefore
by adjusting frequency or values of reactive components, a condition (L =
1/C) can be achieved, so that resultant reactance (L 1/C) becomes zero. At
this frequency the Impedance of the Circuit becomes minimum equal to
Resistance R and current in the circuit is maximum. This state of circuit is called
Electrical Resonance.
The frequency at which Resonance take place, is called Resonant Frequency. At
Resonant Frequency, current and voltage are in phase.
At Resonant Frequency ( = 0)
67
XL
XC
=>
0L
1/0C
=>
02
1/LC
=>
2 F0 =
1
LC
=>
F0
1
2
Hertz
LC
Q.8
(1)
ZMin
(2)
(3)
Obtain the expression for Power Consumed in an AC Circuit and define Power
Factor.
Ans.: Power in AC Circuit and Power Factor : In an AC circuit voltage and current
have a phase difference therefore power in AC circuit also depends on this phase
difference.
Suppose at time t alternating EMF and current in AC Circuit are
and
E0Sinwt
I0Sin(wt - )
E0Sinwt
I0Sin(wt - )
E0 I0 Sinwt Sin(wt - )
Since,
SinC SinD
So,
Pi
68
OR
Pi
First part of instantaneous power does not depend on time and second part
changes periodically with time. For the periodic variation, the average value of
E0 I0 Cos(2wt - ) is zero.
So,
Pav
Pav
E0 I0 Cos
E0
I0 Cos
Here Cos is called Power Factor i.e. in an AC circuit, the cosine of phase
difference between the voltage and current i.e. Cos is called Power Factor.
Q.98 Define Half Power Frequency and Band Width.
Ans.: Half Power Frequencies and Band Width of a Series Resonant Circuit :
The Resultant Impedance of Series LCR Circuit is
Z
69
Power
I2
These Frequencies F1 and F2 are therefore called Half Power Frequencies and
corresponding points on the Resonance Curve are called Half Power Points.
Band Width : The Frequency Interval (F2 F1) between which the circuit becomes
capable of accepting more power from the source is called Band Width of the
circuit.
Thus Band Width
F
F2 F1
70
The voltage between any pair (1-2, 2-3, 3-1) is called Line Voltage and is 3 times
the voltage generated in one armature windings. However the line current is
equal to phase current.
For domestic purpose, a single phase AC is provided i.e. load connection is made
between a line (1, 2 or 3) and the neutral (4) for running heavy machinery three
phase AC provided i.e. load is connected between 1 and 2 or 2 and 3 or 3 and 1.
Delta Connection : In this connection, low potential point of one phase winding
is connected to high potential point of second phase winding and so on. There is
no neutral in Delta Connection i.e. to transmit required amount of power only,
three conducting wires are required in delta connection.
In this connection, line voltage is equal to phase voltage, however the line
current is 3 times the phase current.
( )
(b)
(c)
(d)
(d)
( )
Zero
( )
C
L and C
( )
( )
R + XL
(b)
(c)
R2 +
(d)
( )
71
(d)
( )
72
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
10
11
12.
13
14
15
16
17
( )
( )
(b)
(d)
weber
ampere/m
( )
Momentum
Mass
( )
L/R
I/RL
( )
(b)
(c)
(d)
(b)
(d)
( )
Copper is:
(a)
Paramagnetic
(c)
Diamagnetic
(b)
(d)
Ferromagnetic
Non-magnetic
( )
(b)
(d)
Nickel
Manganese
( )
In an a.c. circuit the peak values of current and e.m.f compared to the values
measured by a.c. instruments are:
(a)
1.41 times
(b)
0.707 times
(c)
Double
(d)
Half
( )
73
18
The voltage of domestic power supply is 220 volts. What does this voltage
represent?
(a)
Mean voltage
(b)
Mean-square voltage
(c)
Root-mean square voltage
(d)
Peak voltage
( )
19
20.
21.
22
23
24
25
(b)
(d)
Electrical induction
Mutual induction
( )
( )
Farad
Second
( )
L/R
R2 L
( )
In a pure capacitor:
(a)
current leads the e.m.f. by phase 90o
(b)
current legs behind the e.m.f. by phase 90o
(c)
current of e.m.f. are always in the same phase
(d)
current and e.m.f. are always opposite phase
( )
( )
(b)
(d)
100Hz
5000 Hz
and L= 100
( )
74
S.NO.
Ans
S.NO.
Ans
S.NO.
Ans
1
A
10
C
19
C
2
A
11
C
20
B
3
C
12
C
21
D
4
D
13
B
22
B
5
D
14
C
23
B
6
B
15
C
24
D
7
C
16
B
25
8
B
17
A
9
A
18
C
75
Chapter-6
(ii)
Filed Magnet
(iii)
Split Rings or Commutator : These are two halves of same ring, the ends
of armature coil are connected to these halves which also rotate with
armature.
(iv)
Brushes : These are two carbon rods and connected to an external source
of DC supply.
(v)
Battery
Working : As key (K) is closed, current lows in armature coil. Due to this arms
AB and CD experience equal and opposite force (according to Flemings Left
Hand Rule).
These forces constitute a couple and Torque due to this couple is
niBASin
76
n ->
I ->
B ->
A ->
->
Angle which the normal to the area makes with Magnetic Field.
This Torque tries to bring plane of coil perpendicular to magnetic field thus = 0,
Sin = 0
and So,
Efficiency =
77
X 100%
100%
100%
100%
P
=>
Ie
IE
=>
e
E
Ans.: Transformer : It is an electrical device which is used for changing the AC voltage.
It is based on the principle of mutual induction.
78
generation of induced EMF in the secondary. This induced EMF depends on the
ratio of no. of turns in the secondary to the no. of turns in primary.
Let,
Assuming there is no flux leakage and area of cross section in the same. Let flux
passing through primary and secondary is . Then flux linked with primary coil
p
- np d
(1)
dt
s
- ns
(2)
dt
Es
Ep
ns
(3)
np
From this equation (3), we see that ratio of alternating EMF obtained in
secondary to alternating EMF applied in the Primary is equal to ratio of no. of
turns in secondary coil to no. of turns in Primary Coil. This ratio K is called
Transformer Ratio.
Q.3
79
ig
G
I - ig
VVVVVV
S
Converted Ammeter
If G is resistance of galvanometer ig is the full scale deflection current of
galvanometer. To convert a galvanometer into ammeter of Range I, a shunt of
resistance S is connected in parallel with the galvanometer. From the circuit
diagram
(I ig) S
ig G
ig
(I - ig)
Voltmeter : It is used for measuring potential difference between any two points
in a circuit. If a proper value of high resistance is connected in series with the coil
of moving coil galvanometer, then it is converted into voltmeter.
R
G
VVVVVV
Converted Voltmeter
Suppose the resistance of galvanometer which is to be converted into voltmeter is
G and full scale deflection current is ig, if the galvanometer is to be converted into
a voltmeter of range V volt, then a high resistance R is connected in series with
80
ig (R + G)
V
- G
ig
Q.4
ig
1 mA
Coil Resistance
Rs
500
=
=
=
10
1 X 10-3
Similarly for 100V, Voltage Range Rs = 999.5 K .
10V
-
500
= 99.5 K
81
So, by using different series resistors the range of voltage measurement can be
increased.
(b)
(c)
(d)
( )
( )
82
(a)
(c)
4
9.
10.
11
Dynamo
Transformer
(b)
(d)
Motor
Galvanometer
( )
(b)
(d)
Mutual induction
Electrical induction
( )
( )
Infinite
None of the above
( )
(b)
(d)
Supplies energy
None of the above
( )
(b)
(d)
102 Gauss
104 Gauss
( )
( )
( )
( )
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
83
A 100 mH coil carries a current of I A. energy stored in its magnetic field is:
(a)
1J
(b)
0.5 J
(c)
0.05 J
(d)
0.1 J
( )
( )
( )
(c)
(d)
( )
According to faraday's law of e.m. finduction the inducted e.m.f. 'e' is:
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
In the given resistor circuit, the current flowing through the resistance CD will be:
( )
84
(a)
(b)
(c)
C
2
4
10 V
(d)
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
(b)
(d)
voltage
capacitance
( )
(b)
(d)
Electrical induction
Mutual induction
( )
( )
A 100 mH coil carries a current of I A. energy stored in its magnetic field is:
(a)
1J
(b)
0.5 J
(c)
0.05 J
(d)
0.1 J
( )
( )
( )
resistance. The
( )
26
27
S.NO.
Ans
S.NO.
Ans
S.NO.
Ans
85
( )
( )
Q:1
B
10
D
19
D
2
D
11
A
20
C
3
A
12
B
21
A
4
B
13
C
22
B
5
A
14
C
23
C
6
A
15
B
24
C
7
C
16
B
25
B
8
D
17
A
26
B
9
C
18
C
27
B
86
Chapter-7
Electrical Wiring
Q.1
Q.2
(i)
(ii)
Re-wirable Type : This fuse has a Porcelain Fuse Holder with terminal
clips between which the Fuse wire is fixed by screws. The fuse holder is
gripped in spring contacts in a Porcelain base.
87
would become live. There would be no outward indication for this defect. If a
person touches the appliance while standing on the ground, current would pass
to earth through his body and he would receive a severe shock which could be
sometimes fatal. On the other hand if all metal casing, conduits etc. are connected
to a good earth by a conductor, the casing will remain at the same potential as
earth i.e. at zero potential. Further the earth connection provides an easy path (of
low resistance) so when a fault occurs large current will flow which will blow
the fuses and power supply will be cut off. Hence the metal casing of all
appliances, distribution boards and earthing pins of 3-pin plugs must be
connected to a proper earthing.
Q.3
Ans.: There are number of types of wiring used for domestic installations. These are
(i)
Casing and Copping : In this wiring, a teak wood casing having grooves
length wise is used. The wires vulcanized rubber insulated (VIR) or plastic
insulated are placed in these grooves, the casing is covered by a thin strip
of teak wood and fixed by screws.
(ii)
Cleat Wiring : In this method, the wires are stretched and gripped
between two halves of Porcelain cleats fixed to the walls.
(iii)
Tough Rubber Sheathed (TRS) and Cab Tyre Sheathed (CTS) wiring :
The TRS cables consists of conductors which after being insulated are
sheathed in a layer of tough rubber which provides a good degree of
protection against moisture.
(iv)
Lead Sheathed Wiring : The lead covered cables have a long life and
medium cost and provide a good protection against moisture but are not
very strong mechanically.
(v)
Metal Conduit Wiring : In this system the insulated cables are drawn in
metallic conduits which are initially installed in desired positions. It has
very long life.
88
S.NO.
Ans
(d)
negligible mechanical strength
Single-phase domestic power supply is at:
(a)
400 V, 50 Hz
(c)
220 V, 100 Hz
A switch can :
(a)
open a circuit
(c)
both open and close a circuit
Earthing is used:
(a)
As a neutral line
(c)
to reduce voltage fluctuation
Q:1
A
2
C
3
C
4
D
( )
(b)
(d)
220 V. 50 Hz
400 V, 100 Hz
( )
(b)
(d)
close a circuit
introduce a resistance
( )
(b)
(d)
to save power
as a safety measure
( )
89
Chapter-8
Network Analysis
Q.1
Ans.: Thevenins Theoram : According to this theorem, Any two terminal linear
network containing voltage sources and impedances can be replaced with an
equivalent voltage source Eeq with a series impedance Zeq. The values of Eeq is the
open circuit voltage between the given terminal of the network and Z eq is the
impedance across these terminals when all the generators in the network have
been replaced by their internal impedances.
90
Z1
Z3 (Z2 + ZL)
Z2 + Z 3 + Z L
=>
Z1 Z2 + Z2 Z3 + Z3 Z1 + ZL (Z1 + Z3)
Z3 + Z2 + ZL
So,
I =
Z
Thus,
IL =
Z3 + Z 2 + Z L
Z1 Z2 + Z2 Z3 + Z3 Z1 + ZL (Z1 + Z3)
Z3
Z3 + Z 2 + Z L
=>
=>
IL =
Z3
Z3 + Z 2 + Z L
Z3 + Z 2 + Z L
Z1 Z2 + Z2 Z3 + Z3 Z1 + ZL (Z1 + Z3)
IL =
Z3
Z1 Z2 + Z2 Z3 + Z3 Z1 + ZL (Z1 + Z3)
(1)
Z3
Z1 + Z 3
The impedance across A, B in this condition is
Zeq
Z1
Z3 Z1
Z3 + Z 1
=>
Zeq
Z1 Z2 + Z2 Z3 + Z3 Z1
Z1 + Z 3
So, using the equivalent circuit, the current in the load will be
IL
Eeq
Zeq + ZL
=>
IL
Z3
Z1 + Z 3
Z1 + Z 3
Z1 Z2 + Z2 Z3 + Z3 Z1 + ZL (Z1 + Z3)
=>
IL
91
Z3
Z1 Z2 + Z2 Z3 + Z3 Z1 + ZL (Z1 + Z3)
E
(2)
Ans.: Nortons Theorem : According to this theorem, Any complicated linear two
terminal network can be replaced by an equivalent circuit consisting of a
constant current generator, Ieq, with an impedance Zeq connected parallel to it.
The current generated Ieq is equal to the short-circuit current between the given
terminals and the parallel impedance Zeq is the open circuit impedance between
these terminals with all sources of emf replaced by their internal impedances.
This Theorem can easily be proved by first obtaining the Thevenins equivalent
circuit.
Accordingly,
92
(IL)T
Eeq
Zeq + ZL
Eeq
Zeq
Using this value of current in the Nortons equivalent circuit, the current I L in the
load by division of current in parallel branches will be
(IL)N
Zeq
Ieq
Zeq + ZL
=>
(IL)N
Zeq
Eeq
Zeq + ZL Zeq
=>
(IL)N =
Eeq
Zeq + ZL
Thus the current in the load (IL)N obtained by Nortans equivalent circuit is same
as the current (IL)T obtained by Thevenins circuit.
Q.3
Ans.: Maximum Power Transfer Theorem : According to this theorem, The transfer
of power from a generator to a load will be maximum when the load impedance
is the complex conjugate of the internal impedance of the generator.
Thus, if internal impedance of generator is RG + XG
/2 i.e., having a
resistance part RG and reactive part XG, the transfer of power to a load will be
maximum when the load impedance has a resistive part RL equal to RG and a
reactive part XL equal in magnitude to XG but opposite in nature. Hence if
generator reactance is capacitive, the load impedance must be inductive.
For dc circuits the reactive part has no role, so according to the maximum power
transfer theorem, the transfer of power to a load is maximum when the load
resistance is equal to the internal impedance of the generator.
93
E
RL + R G
I 2 RL
E2 RL
(RL + RG) 2
E2RL
(RL2 + RG 2 + 2 RL RG)
PL
E2RL
(RL - RG) 2 + 4 RL RG
(PL)Max
=
=
RG
E2RL
4 RL RG
E2
4 RG
E2
4 RL
94
S.NO.
Ans
1
A
( )
(b)
(d)
One port
No port
2
A
( )
95
2.
When the distance between two equal charges is decreased to half and their magnitude of
charges also decreased to half, the force between them:
(a)
Remains unchanged
(b)
Reduces to half
(c)
Becomes half
(d)
None of the above
( )
3.
( )
1 erg/Coulomb
1 Coulomb/Joule
( )
Electromagnetic energy
Mechanical energy
( )
4.
5.
96
6.
7.
8.
(b)
(d)
Volt
Farad
( )
(b)
(c)
(d)
( )
(b)
(c)
(d)
( )
9.
Three resistance of 500 ohm, 5000 0hm and 50 ohm are connected in series across a 555
volt main. What is the current flowing through them?
(a)
1A
(b)
100 mA
(c)
10 mA
(d)
10 A
( )
10.
If two capacitances of 100 f and 150 f are connected in parallel, what will be their total
capacitance?
(a)
60 f
(b)
250 f
(c)
15 f
(d)
None of the above
( )
11.
12.
RC
(b)
(d)
( )
97
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
LI2
( )
13.
Two resistances of 0.275 ohm and 0.778 ohm are connected in parallel. The total
resistance shall be:
(a)
More than 0.275 ohm
(b)
Less than 0.275 ohm
(c)
Equal to 1.053 ohm
(d)
More than 0.778 ohm
( )
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
(b)
(d)
potential difference
energy of the electron
( )
( )
(b)
(c)
(d)
( )
( )
( )
98
19.
20.
( )
2f
2f
B
2f
(a)
1 f
(c)
21.
22.
(b)
f
(d)
3 f
( )
(b)
(d)
( )
A
3
(a)
(c)
12
3
(b)
(d)
6
1
( )
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
99
Magnetic induction due to a solenoid of length L radius R, no. 7 turns N and current I
is:
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(b)
(d)
( )
Weber
amp/m
( )
Watt
Kilowatt hour
( )
( )
( )
Momentum
Mass
(b)
(c)
(d)
Copper is:
(a)
Paramagnetic
(c)
Diamagnetic
(b)
(d)
Ferromagnetic
non-magnetic
( )
(b)
(d)
Nickel
Manganese
( )
( )
100
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
(b)
(d)
Electrical induction
Mutual induction
( )
( )
( )
(b)
(d)
One port
No port
( )
NS = 10 NP
(b)
Ns =
(c)
VS =
(d)
IS = 10 IP
( )
( )
Maximum power which a generator of e.m.f E and internal impedance Rg can supply to a
load is:
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
( )
101
38.
39.
(b)
(d)
Neutrons
rays
( )
Earthing is used:
(a)
As a neutral line
(c)
to reduce voltage fluctuation
(b)
(d)
to save power
as a safety measure
( )
40.
Answer Key
1. ( )
2. ( )
3. ( )
4. ( )
5. ( )
6. ( )
7. ( )
8. ( )
9. ( )
10. ( )
11. ( )
12. ( )
13. ( )
14. ( )
15. ( )
16. ( )
17. ( )
18. ( )
19. ( )
20. ( )
21. ( )
22. ( )
23. ( )
24. ( )
25. ( )
26. ( )
27. ( )
28. ( )
29. ( )
30. ( )
31. ( )
32. ( )
33. ( )
34. ( )
35. ( )
36. ( )
37. ( )
38. ( )
39. ( )
40. ( )
__________
102
DESCRIPTIVE PART - II
Year 2011
Time allowed : 2 Hours
Maximum Marks : 30
Attempt any four questions out of the six. All questions carry 7 marks each.
Q.1
Q.2
(a)
(b)
(c)
(a)
(b)
Explain the use of condenser in electronic circuits. What is the gang condenser?
(c)
State Ohms law and define resistance of a conductor. On what factors and how
does the resistance of a conductor depend?
Q.3
(a)
State Kirchhoffs laws and explain their application with the help of examples.
(b)
(c)
Q.4
(a)
State Biot-Savarts Law. Using this obtain expression for magnetic induction at a
point on the axis of a current carrying coil.
(b)
Q.5
Q. 6
103
(a)
(b)
DC Motor.
(a)
State and prove Thevenins theorem. Find Nortons equivalent of the Thevenins
equivalent circuit.
(d)
___________
104
2.
3.
(b)
(d)
Power
Electric Current
( )
Dielectric constant is a :
(a)
Dimensionless Quantity
(c)
Conversion Quantity
(b)
(d)
Universal Constant
None of the above
( )
A charge Q is situated at the centre of a cube. the electric flux emerging out through its
surface will be :
Q
(a)
(b)
2
0
(c)
4.
6.
(d)
0
Q
6
( )
0
If dielectric medium of constant K is filled between the plates of a capacitor, then its
capacity increases:
(b)
times
(b)
k times
(b)
5.
K2 times
(d)
( )
(b)
(d)
Coulomb/Newton
Joule/Newton
( )
(b)
(d)
1.6 X 1019J
1.6 X 1020 J
( )
7.
8.
9.
10.
105
( )
( )
( )
Four capacitor each of capacity 3 Farad are connected in series. The resultant
capacity will be:
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
( )
11.
A parallel plate capacitor is given a charge Q. If the area of plates is doubled, its
capacity will be:
(a)
Halved
(b)
Doubled
(c)
Zero
(d)
Unchanged
( )
12.
13.
14.
15.
( )
( )
( )
(b)
(d)
ohm/meter2
ohm-meter2
106
(d)
16.
17.
( )
(b)
(d)
Very large
Zero
( )
2V
+
-
30
30
30
18.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(b)
(d)
( )
Carbon wire
Tungsten wire
( )
19.
20.
The magnetic induction at the centre of a circular current carrying coil of redius 'r"
is:
(a)
Oni
(b)
2Oni
2a
a
(c)
Oni
(d)
Zero
( )
a
21.
(b)
(d)
Positive rays
( )
22.
23.
25.
(d)
28.
Zero
( )
( )
L=
(c)
L=
L=
(d)
( )
The peak value of a.c. is 4 Ampere the root mean square value of current in the circuit is:
(a)
4 Ampere
(b)
Ampere
Ampere
(d)
8 Ampere
( )
The average value of alternating current over one complete cycle is:
(a)
Io
(b)
(c)
27.
(c)
26.
(b)
(d)
A bar magnet of magnetic moment 'M' is cut into two equal parts. The magnetic
moment of either of part will be:
(a)
2M
(b)
(c)
24.
107
(d)
Zero
( )
C
L and C
( )
( )
R + XL
(b)
(c)
R2 +
(d)
108
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
(d)
( )
(b)
(c)
(d)
( )
( )
( )
(b)
(d)
Mutual induction
Electrical induction
( )
Infinite
None of the above
( )
Supplies energy
None of the above
( )
37.
38.
39.
40.
109
(b)
(c)
(d)
( )
(b)
(d)
One port
No port
(b)
(c)
(d)
( )
( )
Answer Key
1. (a)
2. (a)
3. (a)
4. (b)
5. (c)
6. (a)
7. (b)
8. (c)
9. (b)
10. (a)
11. (b)
12. (d)
13. (c)
14. (c)
15. (b)
16. (a)
17. (c)
18. (c)
19. (c)
20. (a)
21. (c)
22. (c)
23. (b)
24. (a)
25. (c)
26. (d)
27. (a)
28. (b)
29. (c)
30. (b)
31. (a)
32. (a)
33. (b)
34. (b)
35. (b)
36. (b)
37. (c)
38. (a)
39. (a)
40. (b)
________
110
DESCRIPTIVE PART - II
Year 2010
Time allowed : 2 Hours
Maximum Marks : 30
Attempt any four questions out of the six. All questions carry 7 marks each.
Q.1
(a)
Define electric field intensity. Derive an expression for electric field due to a
point charge.
Q.2
(b)
(c)
Find out the capacitance of series and parallel combination of three capacitors.
(a)
(b)
(c)
Q.3
(a)
(b)
(c)
Q.4
(a)
(b)
111
A current is flowing through a long straight wire. Find out the expression for
magnetic field
Q.5
(c)
(a)
(b)
Draw parallel L-C-R resonant circuit. How is it differ from a series resonant L-CR
circuit?
(c)
Q.6
(a)
(b)
__________
112
2.
3.
+Ke/r
( )
Erg/Coulomb
Coulomb/Joule
( )
(d)
+Ke2/r
( )
The distance between two charges q1 and q2 is r, and then the electric potential energy
of this system will be:
(a)
(b)
(c)
5.
Charge
Momentum
What will be the potential energy of the proton-electron system in a hydrogen atom?
r is the radius of the orbit of the electron:
(a)
Ke/r
(b)
Ke2/r
(c)
4.
(b)
(d)
(d)
( )
106 C
(d)
108 C
( )
6.
7.
8.
9.
11.
(b)
(d)
Magnetic field
None of the above
( )
The capacitances of two capacitors are C1 and C2 It ehy charged to the same
potential, then the ratio of their charges will be:
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(b)
(d)
F and 4
( )
Volt
Farad
( )
(b)
(d)
(b)
(d)
( )
(b)
(d)
Ampere
Coulomb
( )
(c)
10.
113
( )
12.
The diameters of two resistance wires of equal length and of the same material are
in the ratio of 1 : 2 the ratio of their resistances will be:
(a)
1:2
(b)
1:4
(c)
4:1
(d)
2:1
( )
13.
14.
Unit of resistivity is :
(b)
(d)
Small
Infinite
( )
114
(a)
(c)
15.
16.
ohm/m
ohm=m
(b)
(d)
ohm/m2
ohm-m2
( )
( )
I = Ioe
(b)
I = Ioe
(c)
I = Io 1 - e
(d)
I = Io 1 + e
( )
17.
A bar magnet of magnetic moment M is cut into two equal pieces, perpendicular to
its length. The magnetic of each piece will be:
(a)
M
(b)
M/2
(c)
M/4
(d)
2M
( )
18.
When two parallel wires carry current in the same direction, they:
(a)
Repel each other
(b)
Attract each other
(c)
Have no force between them
(d)
Apply an uncertain force on each other
( )
( )
19.
20
21.
(b)
(d)
weber
ampere/m
( )
Momentum
Mass
( )
22.
23.
24.
25.
115
(b)
(c)
(d)
(b)
(d)
L/R
I/RL
( )
( )
Copper is:
(a)
Paramagnetic
(c)
Diamagnetic
(b)
(d)
Ferromagnetic
Non-magnetic
( )
(b)
(d)
Nickel
Manganese
( )
26.
In an a.c. circuit the peak values of current and e.m.f compared to the values
measured by a.c. instruments are:
(a)
1.41 times
(b)
0.707 times
(c)
Double
(d)
Half
( )
27.
The voltage of domestic power supply is 220 volts. What does this voltage
represent?
(a)
Mean voltage
(b)
Mean-square voltage
(c)
Root-mean square voltage
(d)
Peak voltage
( )
28.
29.
30.
(b)
(d)
Electrical induction
Mutual induction
( )
( )
The unit of
is:
(a)
Henry
(c)
Ampere
( )
(b)
(d)
Farad
Second
116
31.
A choke coil has a high inductance and negligible resistance. Its power factor will
be about:
(a)
1.0
(b)
0.7
(c)
0.5
(d)
Zero
( )
32.
Electrical induction
Mutual induction
( )
(b)
(d)
Ee/Ra
Ee/Ra
( )
(b)
Ns = Np/10
(c)
(d)
Is=10 Ip
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
Vs = Vp/10
( )
( )
( )
Maximum power which a generator of e.m.f. E and internal impedance Rg can supply to a
load is:
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
( )
(c)
39.
40.
117
2 ohms
(d)
4 ohms
( )
(b)
(d)
Neutrons
(b)
(d)
220 V. 50 Hz
400 V, 100 Hz
( )
( )
Answer Key
1. (a)
2. (c)
3. (b)
4. (b)
5. (b)
6. (c)
7. (d)
8. (d)
9. (b)
10. (d)
11. (a)
12. (c)
13. (d)
14. (c)
15. (d)
16. (b)
17. (b)
18. (b)
19. (a)
20. (c)
21. (c)
22. (b)
23. (c)
24. (c)
25. (b)
26. (a))
27. (c)
28. (c)
29. (b)
30. (d)
31. (d)
32. (c)
33. (c)
34. (a)
35. (a)
36. (a)
37. (c)
38. (c)
39. (c)
40. (b)
________
118
DESCRIPTIVE PART - II
Year 2009
Time allowed : 2 Hours
Maximum Marks : 30
Attempt any four questions out of the six. All questions carry 7 marks each.
Q.1
(a)
Q,2
(b)
(c)
(a)
(c)
(d)
State ohm's law and define resistance of a conductor. On what factors and how
does the resistance of a conductor depend?
Q.3
(a)
State Kirchoff's laws and explain their application with the help of examples.
(b)
(c)
Q.4
Q.5
(a)
(b)
(c)
What are power and efficiency of an electric motor? Obtain expression for these.
(a)
(b)
Q.6.
(c)
(a)
(b)
(c)
What is a four terminal network? Define the h-parameters for such a network.
________
119
120
1.
If the
force
(b)
(c)
distance and value of the charges located at different points are doubled, then the
acting between them will be:
Double
(b)
Half
Unchanged
(d)
Four time
( )
2.
(b)
(d)
Joule/Coulomb
Newton/meter
( )
3.
A charge q is placed on the corner of a cube. The flux emerging out of the cube will
be:
(b)
q/
(b)
q/
(c)
q/
(d)
q/
( )
4.
The intensity of an electric field at some point distance r from the axis of infinite long
pipe having charges per unit length as q will be:
Proportional to r2
Proportional to r3
Inversely proportional to r
Inversely proportional to r2
( )
23
24
25
26
5.
6.
(b)
(d)
Zero
Infinity
( )
The charge of same magnitude q are placed at four corners of a square of side a. The
value of potential at the centre of square will be:
7.
8.
121
(b)
4kz/a
(b)
(c)
(d)
4
( )
( )
If a charge Q is brought near another charge Q, then total energy of the system:
(a)
Remains same
(b)
Increases
(c)
Decreases
(d)
None
( )
9.
If a positive charge is established in an electric field against the Coulomb force then:
(a)
Work is done by electric field
(b)
Energy is utilized from some external sources
(c)
Intensity of electric field decreases
(d)
Intensity of electric field increase
( )
10.
A point has 10 volt potential, if a charge of + 10coulomb is brought from infinity to that
point, then the work done will be:
(a)
10 J
(b)
100 J
(c)
1J
(d)
2J
( )
11.
A parallel plate capacitor is given a charge Q. If the separation between the plates is
doubled, its capacity will be:
(a)
Unchanged
(b)
Zero
(c)
Doubled
(d)
Halved
( )
12.
13.
( )
122
(d)
14.
( )
(c)
1.5
(d)
2.5
2
F
2
2
15.
16.
17.
1 F
F
( )
( )
(b)
(d)
Ohm-M
mho-m
( )
(b)
(d)
Carbon wire
Tungsten wire
( )
18.
In which of the following cases the magnetic field is not produced when electric charge
(a)
Is moving with acceleration
(b)
Is moving with acceleration
(c)
Is moving with retardation
(d)
Is at rest
( )
19.
Magnetic field is produced by the flow the current in a straight wire. This phenomenon
is based on:
(a)
Faraday's
(b)
Maxwell's law
(c)
Coulomb's law
(d)
Oersted law
( )
20.
21.
(b)
(d)
Ampere-meter
Weber-meter
( )
The direction of lines of force of magnetic field produced due to flow of direct current in
a conductor is formed by:
(a)
(c)
22.
123
Lenz/s law
Faraday's law
(b)
(d)
( )
Oersted
Bohr
( )
23.
The value of magnetic induction B at different points situated on the axis of current
carrying wire will be:
(a)
Zero
(b)
Maximum
(c)
Proportional to current
(d)
None of above
( )
24.
The field intensity due to current I flowing through a straight long wire is proportional
to:
(a)
I
(b)
I2
(c)
25.
26.
27.
28
When
will.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(d)
I/I
( )
current is passed, through two long straight wires in same direction then there
be force of repulsion between the wires
be force of attraction between the wires
Not be any force of attraction between the wires
Not be any force in opposite direction mutually
( )
( )
( )
The formula for magnetic induction at the centre of current carrying circular coil of
radius r is:
(a)
(b)
124
(c)
(c)
( )
29.
A circular coil A and radius r carries a current I. Another circular coil B of radius 2r
carries a current 2/. The magnetic fields at the centers of the circular coils are in the
ratio of:
(a)
4 :1
(b)
3:1
(c)
2 :1
(c)
1:1
( )
30.
( )
Diamagnetism is:
(a)
Distortion effect
(b)
Orientation effect
(c)
Both distortion and orientation
(d)
Cooperative phenomena
( )
( )
( )
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
(b)
(d)
not pass ac
not pass ac and dc
( )
The phase difference between current and potential in LCR series circuit:
(a)
is always
(b)
cannot be zero
(c)
can be equal to zero
(d)
will depend on the value of current and the potential
( )
36.
37.
38.
=1
(c)
<1
(a)
(c)
Zero
>1
= 1
(d)
( )
LC
(b)
(d)
1
2
( )
(c)
40
(b)
(a)
39.
125
(b)
E2/R
(d)
( )
(b)
(d)
a small diameter
a low melting point
( )
A switch can :
(a)
open a circuit
(c)
both open and close a circuit
(b)
(d)
close a circuit
introduce a resistance
( )
Answer key
1. (c)
2. (a)
3. (a)
4. (c)
5. (b)
6. (b)
7. (a)
8. (b)
9. (b)
10. (b)
11. (d)
12. (c)
13. (c)
14. (b)
15. (d)
16. (d)
17. (c)
18. (d)
19. (d)
20. (c)
21. (b)
22. (b)
23. (a)
24. (a)
25. (b)
26. (b)
27. (c)
28. (c)
29. (d)
30. (a)
31. (b)
32. (d)
33. (a)
34. (a)
35. (c)
36. (a)
37. (a)
38. (b)
39. (d)
40. (c)
________
126
DESCRIPTIVE PART - II
Year 2008
Time allowed : 2 Hours
Maximum Marks : 30
Attempt any four questions out of the six. All questions carry 7 marks each.
Q.1
Q.2
Q.3
(a)
(b)
(c)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(a)
(b)
(c)
Discuss the step up and step down transformer. Explain the different losses of
transformer.
Q.4
(a)
What is Biot- Savart's law and also write the comments on it.
(b)
Q.5
Q.6
(ii)
(a)
(b)
(c)
127
If an electron has an initial velocity in the direction different from that of electric field,
the path of the electron is :
(a)
straight line
(b)
hyperbola
(c)
ellipse
(d)
parabola
( )
2.
a charge Q is spread in a spherical volume of radius R. The electric field at a distance r (<
R) is given by:
3.
(a)
E=
(c)
E=
(c)
E=
(d)
E=
A charge +Q is placed at the centre of a cube. The amount of electric flux through its
entire surface is:
(a)
(b)
(c)
4.
( )
(d)
Zero
( )
A charge q is placed at the centre of the line joining two exactly equal positive charges Q.
the system of three charges will be equilibrium if q is equal to:
(a)
(b)
+Q
(c)
(d)
( )
128
5.
A parallel plate capacitor is given a charge Q. If the separation between the plates is
doubled, its capacity will be:
(b)
unchanged
(b)
Zero
(c)
doubled
(d)
halved
( )
6.
( )
( )
7.
8.
9.
10.
(d)
( )
4V
(a)
(c)
11.
increase
nothing can be predicted
1
3
C
C
IV
++
2+ +
F
+
+ (b)
(d)
2
4
C
C
( )
(a)
(c)
12.
13.
14.
16.
17.
18.
19.
(b)
(d)
length
shape of cross section
( )
A flow of 107 electrons per second in a conducting wire constitutes a current of:
(a)
1.6 X 1026 A
(b)
1.6 X 1012 A
(c)
1.6 X 1012 A
(d)
1.6 X 1026 A
( )
Indentify the set in which all the materials are good conductors of electricity.
(a)
Cu, Ag and Au
(b)
Cu, Si and diamond
(c)
Cu, Hg and NaCL
(d)
Cu, Fe and Hg
( )
When a current flows in a conductor, the order of magnitude of drift velocity of electrons
through it is:
(a)
1010 m/s
(b)
102 m/s
(c)
15.
temperature
material
129
1010 cm/s
(d)
107 cm/s
( )
( )
( )
( )
(b)
(d)
Carbon resistance
Tungsten wire
B.dI =
(b)
B.dI =
(c)
B.dI =
(d)
B.dI =
I
( )
The magnetic induction at the centre of a square loop of wire of side 'a' carrying
I is:
(a)
B=
(b)
B=
current
(c)
( )
B=
(d)
B=
130
20.
Two parallel wires carrying currents in the same direction attract each other because of:
(a)
potential difference between them
(b)
mutual difference between them
(c)
electric forces between them
(d)
magnetic forces between them
( )
21.
22.
( )
3 F
1
2V
( )
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
Diamagnetism is a:
(a)
distortion effect
(c)
both distortion and orientation
(b)
(d)
orientation effect
cooperative phenomena
( )
Paramagnetism is a:
(a)
distortion effect
(c)
neither distortion nor orientation
(b)
(d)
orientation effect
cooperative phenomena
( )
Fe3O4 is:
(a)
paramagnetic
(c)
ant ferromagnetic
(b)
(d)
ferromagnetic
ferromagnetic
( )
( )
(a)
(c)
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
zero
1
131
(b)
(d)
1
infinity
( )
( )
I Wb/m2 equals:
(a)
1 Gauss
(c)
103 Gauss
( )
(b)
(d)
102 Gauss
104 Gauss
( )
( )
( )
A 100 mH coil carries a current of I A. energy stored in its magnetic field is:
(a)
1J
(b)
0.5 J
(c)
0.05 J
(d)
0.1 J
( )
( )
132
(c)
(d)
36.
37.
38.
( )
resistance. The
( )
( )
( )
39.
40.
Earthing is used:
(a)
As a neutral line
(c)
to reduce voltage fluctuation
(b)
(d)
to save power
as a safety measure
( )
Answer Key
1. (d)
2. (d)
3. (a)
4. (a)
5. (d)
6. (c)
7. (c)
8. (d)
9. (c)
10. (b)
11. (d)
12. (c)
13. (a)
14. (b)
15. (b)
16. (a)
17. (c)
18. (c)
19. (d)
20. (d)
21. (a)
22. (a)
23. (a)
24. (b)
25. (d)
26. (a)
27. (c)
28. (b)
29. (d)
30. (c)
31. (d)
32. (a)
33. (c)
34. (a)
35. (c)
36. (c)
37. (b)
38. (b)
39. (a)
40. (d)
________
133
DESCRIPTIVE PART - II
Year 2007
Time allowed : 2 Hours
Maximum Marks : 30
Attempt any four questions out of the six. All questions carry 7 marks each.
Q.1
Q.2
Q.3
(a)
(b)
(a)
(b)
(a)
point
Q.5
Q.6
What are the hysteresis curve? What are their uses for a given material?
A.C. generator
(b)
Biot-Savart's law
(c)
Magnetic Flux
(b)
(c)
Permeability
(d)
Magnetic Susceptibility
(e)
Relative Permeability
(a)
(b)
What is the maximum power that can be delivered by a generator of e.m.f.E. and
internal resistance r when the load resistance is R?
__________
134
2.
3.
4.
5.
( )
( )
( )
( )
A charge + Q is placed at the centre of a cube, the amount of electric flux through its
entire surface is:
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Zero
( )
6.
135
The electrostatic potential energy of a system of two stationary point charges + q1 and - q2
are separated by a distance r is given by:
(a)
(b)
(b)
7.
(d)
( )
3C
C F
C F
B
(b)
C F
(c)
(d)
8.
9.
( )
When dielectric material is inserted between the plates of a capacitor its capacitance
(a)
decreases
(b)
increase
(c)
remains constant
(d)
reduces to zero
( )
The net current 'I' in the circuit is:
(a)
1.5 A
(b)
(c)
(d)
0.8
0.4
2.4
1.2
( )
10.
1M
3 F
2 F
( )
136
11.
The magnetic field at a distance r (r>>1) due to a bar magnet of pole strength m at
an axial point P is:
r
(a)
(b)
(c)
S
N
2I
(d)
12.
13.
14.
(b)
(c)
(d)
( )
The current between two infinite straight conductors separated by a distance 10 m are 2 A
and 4 A respectively. The force per unit length between them is:
(a)
1.8 X 103 N/m attractive
(b)
(c)
(d)
( )
The magnetic field inside a solenoid of radius 'R' and turn density 'n' is given by:
(a)
(b)
(c)
15.
( )
(d)
( )
According to faraday's law of e.m. finduction the inducted e.m.f. 'e' is:
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
( )
16.
137
In the given resistor circuit, the current flowing through the resistance CD will be:
(a)
(b)
(c)
C
2
4
10 V
(d)
( )
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
Watt
Kilo Watt hour
( )
Ohm
Newton
( )
(b)
(d)
( )
L/R
R2 L
( )
In a pure capacitor:
(a)
current leads the e.m.f. by phase 90o
(b)
current legs behind the e.m.f. by phase 90o
(c)
current of e.m.f. are always in the same phase
(d)
current and e.m.f. are always opposite phase
( )
( )
and L= 100
138
(a)
(c)
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
10 Hz
500 Hz
(b)
(d)
100Hz
5000 Hz
( )
( )
( )
( )
(b)
(d)
voltage
capacitance
( )
(b)
(d)
A current source
None of the above
( )
(b)
(d)
( )
30.
In a transformer the number of turns in primary and secondary coils are 5000 and 500000
respectively. If an AC voltage of 200 V is applied across the primary coil then the output
voltage across secondary coil will be:
(a)
200 kV
(b)
20 kV
(c)
20 V
(d)
200 V
( )
31.
(b)
Farad
(c)
32.
33.
139
Ohm
(d)
Joule
( )
440 V
220 kV
( )
4A
Zero
( )
4A
(a)
(c)
34.
2A
6A
(b)
(d)
2 volt
(a)
(c)
35.
36.
2 C
1C
(b)
(d)
4
1
C
C
( )
Iron
Aluminum
( )
( )
37.
A 100 watt bulb is switched on for 6 hours, then the electrical units consumed by it
are:
(a)
600 Units
(b)
0.06 Unit
(c)
0.6 Unit
(d)
1.0 Unite
( )
38.
( )
140
39.
The direction of current induced in the loop abed in given circuit is:
(a)
Clock wise
(b)
anticlockwise
(c)
upwards
(d)
downwards
40.
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x x x
x x x
x x x
x x x
x x x
x x x
x x x
x x x
x x x
x x x
x x x
x x x
( )
opposite to E
along a circular path
( )
Answer Key
1. (b)
2. (d)
3. (c)
4. (d)
5. (a)
6. (d)
7. (c)
8. (b)
9. (a)
10. (a)
11. (a)
12. (a)
13. (b)
14. (a)
15. (a)
16. (c)
17. (d)
18. (a)
19. (c)
20. (b)
21. (a)
22. (a)
23. (c)
24. (b)
25. (c)
26. (c)
27. (d)
28. (a)
29. (c)
30. (b)
31. (c)
32. (c)
33. (c)
34. (b)
35. (c)
36. (c)
37. (c)
38. (b)
39. (b)
40. (a)
_________
141
DESCRIPTIVE PART - II
Year 2006
Time allowed : 2 Hours
Maximum Marks : 30
Attempt any four questions out of the six. All questions carry 7 marks each.
Q.1
Q.2
Coulomb's law
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
Biot-Savart's law
(v)
Ohm's law
(a)
(i)
Electric potential
(ii)
Capacitance
(iii)
Resistivity
(c)
Q.3
(a)
(b)
Taking three resistances of magnitude R1, R2, R3 Draw their series and
combination circuits. Write the formula for effective resistance.
Q.4
A.C. generator
(b)
D.C. motor
parallel
142
(c)
3- induction motor
Q.5
Which materials are used in house wiring? Draw wiring layout for a computer lab.
Q.6
(a)
(b)
143
Key Terms
Coulombs law: Coulombs law is the statement that the force F between two electrical
charges q1 and q2 separated by a distance r is
F = 1/ 4o (q1q2/ r2 )
where o is the permittivity of a vacuum, equal to
o = 8.854210-12 F/m.
electric field: If a small amount of charge experience a force, there is an electric field in the
vicinity. Electric field E is defined in terms of electrostatic force F that would be exerted on
positive test charge qp placed in the field:
E =
F qp
SI unit for electric field is N C-1, or V m-1.
potential energy
Potential energy (Ep) is the energy stored in a body or system as a consequence of its position,
shape, or state (this includes gravitation energy, electrical energy, nuclear energy, and chemical
energy).
Gauss law for electrostatics: Gauss law states that the net flux of electric field, , through an
imaginary closed surface, S, - a Gaussian surface - is equal to the net charge, q, inside that closed
surface:
=q
where electric flux through Gaussian surface is given by:
= o S E dS
0 is the permittivity constant and dS is a surface element.
144
Kilowatt
1,000 watts of electricity.
Kilowatt hour
One kilowatt of electricity produced or used in one hour.
145
Three Phase - Three-phase refers to one circuit consisting of three conductors where the current
and voltage in each conductor (phase) is 120 out of phase with each other phase.
Electrical Current
Definition: Electrical current is a measure of the amount of electrical charge transferred per unit time. It represents
the flow of electrons through a conductive material.
Resistance
Electrical resistance is a measure of how hard it is for a current to pass through a given material.
It is similar to the way that it is harder for you to walk through water than air. It is usually
measured in Ohms
magnetic field area of force that exists around a magnet or a current-carrying conductor.
magnetism the force of attraction between an object and a magnet, which pulls the object
toward the magnet.
Frequency: Frequency is the number of complete cycles per unit of time of any periodically
varying quantity, such as alternating voltage or current. It is usually expressed as (Hz) Hertz or
CPS (cycles per second).
alternating current: electric current that reverses direction periodically, usually many times
per second.
146
ammeter: an instrument used for measuring the electrical current flow in a portion of a circuit.
galvanometer: an instrument for measuring a small electric current
ohmmeter: an instrument for measuring electric resistance.
resistor: a device used in electric circuits to limit the current flow or to provide a voltage drop.
transformer: a magnetic coupling device in an AC circuit; they are capable of changing voltages
as needed.
voltmeter: an instrument used for measuring the potential difference between two points in volts.
the motion of electrons through a conductor.
Electricity
Volt*
Watt*
Norton's theorem
A theorem that permits the reduction of any two-terminal linear dc network to one having a single
current source and parallel resistor.
147
Superposition theorem
A network theorem that permits considering the effects of each source independently. The
resulting current and/or voltage is the algebraic sum of the currents and/or voltages developed by
each source independently.
Thevenins theorem
A theorem that permits the reduction of any two-terminal, linear dc networks to one having a
single voltage source and series resistor.