Ngnh Xy dng l mt trong cc ngnh kinh t ch cht, c vai tr c

bit quan trng i vi s nghip pht trin kinh t - x hi ca quc gia,

nht l trong giai on cng nghip ho, hin i ho t nc. N to
ra cc iu kin c s vt cht c bn cho s pht trin.
Xy dng cng l mt trong nhng ngnh kinh t khai thc, s dng rt
nhiu ti nguyn thin nhin, bo gm ti nguyn khng th ti to c
nh: t, khong sn, ct, , si; ti nguyn c th ti to c nh:
thc vt (khai thc g ca rng), ti nguyn nc, v tiu th nng
lng in rt ln. Theo cc nh lut bo ton vt cht v bo ton
nng lng th ngnh no s dng nhiu nguyn vt liu, tiu th nhiu
nng lng th s thi ra nhiu cht thi gy nhim mi trng v do
trch nhim v vai tr ca ngnh trong s nghip bo v mi
trng quc gia cng ln.
Bn v cc tc ng mi trng v qun l bo v mi trng (BVMT),
trc ht cn tp trung vo mt s hot ng chnh ca ngnh xy dng
sau y:
1. Tc ng mi trng v qun l BVMT i vi hot ng sn
xut vt liu v cu kin xy dng
Sn xut vt liu nh sn xut xi mng, xy dng, gch ngi nung,
gm s xy dng.., l mt trong cc hot ng sn xut cng nghip
thi ra cc cht gy nhim mi trng khng kh nht: bi l lng, bi
PM10, cc kh c hi SO2, NOx, CO; ng thi cng thi ra mt lng
nc thi v cht thi rn ng k. Cht thi ca cng nghip sn xut
vt liu xy dng ph thuc rt nhiu vo trnh cng ngh sn xut.
Th d: Nu sn xut gch nung theo cng ngh l ng, l hopman s
tiu hao lng than t 180 - 220kg than v tiu hao lng t t 1,8 2,2 m3 t/1000 vin gch chun. Trong khi nu sn xut gch nung
theo cng ngh l tuy-nen th trung bnh ch tiu hao 120-150 kg than v
1,2 -1,5 m3 t/ 1000 vin gch chun. Do tnh trn cng 1 n v sn
phm th khi lng cht thi gy nhim mi trng ca cc l nung
gch kiu th cng, l ng, l hopman ln hn khong 1,5 ln so vi
nh my gch tuy-nen.
Nhiu s liu thc t chng minh kh thi ca cc l gch th cng, l
gch kiu ng, kiu hop-man lm thit hi ma mng v sc kho cng
ng xung quanh.
V vy B Xy dng c ch trng v k hoch xo b cc l nung
gch th cng, cng nh l ng kiu c vo nm 2012 l hon ton
ng n.
Cng nghip sn xut xi mng nc ta pht trin mnh trong thi
gian qua. Sau 10 nm tng sn lng xi mng ca nc ta tng ln

hn 2 ln. Lng pht thi cht nhim nhiu hay t ch yu ph thuc

vo cng ngh sn xut: l ng hay l quay, phng php t hay
kh, cng ngh sn xut lc hu hay hin i, thit b x l mi trng
tinh vi hay th s. Sn xut xi mng theo cng ngh l ng l cng
ngh rt lc hu, nu tnh trn mt n v sn phm xi mng nh nhau
th lng pht thi cht nhim khng kh ca l ng c th gp 2 ln
l quay, c bit l i vi cht nhim SO2 (nu nung clinker bng l
quay th phn ln hm lng sunfua trong than s ho hp vi vi v
c gi trong clinker lm cho lng pht thi kh SO2 gim i ti 5060%). Tiu th nhin liu v nguyn liu tnh trn mt n v sn phm xi
mng ca l ng cao hn so vi l quay t nht l 20%.
Rt tic rng vo nhng nm ca thp nin 90 th k trc , nc ta
mc mt sai lm ln l cho php nhp t cc dy chuyn cng ngh xi
mng l ng ca Trung Quc, nhng nh my ny phn ln pha
Trung Quc r b v nhim v hiu qu kinh t thp.
khc phc tnh trng gy nhim mi trng trm trng ca cc nh
my xi mng l ng, B Xy dng c ch trng trc mt cc l
ng phi c ci to, ci tin cng ngh sn xut, tng cng u t
trang thit b x l nhim mi trng khc phc tnh trng nhim
trm trng hin nay v k hoch n nm 2020 ton b cc nh my xi
mng l ng s chm dt hot ng v chuyn sang cng ngh sn
xut xi mng l quay vi cng sut ln hn. y l mt ch trng rt
ng n cn kin quyt thc hin trit . Ngoi ra, cng cn nhn
mnh thm rng ngnh sn xut vt liu xy dng l mt ngnh gy ra
s suy thoi v ph hoi cnh quan thin nhin nhiu nht.
2. Tc ng mi trng v qun l BVMT i vi cc thit k quy
hoch th v nng thn, quy hoch cc khu kinh t v cc khu
cng nghip
Cc hot ng thit k quy hoch th v nng thn, quy hoch cc
khu kinh t v khu cng nghip c vai tr quyt nh v to iu kin
m bo cht lng mi trng cc th, cc khu cng nghip v nng
thn.
Rt nhiu vn tn ti, bc xc v mi trng th v cng nghip
hin nay u c nguyn nhn bt ngun t cc gii php quy hoch
khng ph hp v mt mi trng. Tnh hnh nhim mi trng nc,
khng kh, nhim cht thi rn v tnh trng ng ngp trm trng khi
ma ln nhiu th nc ta hin nay u c nguyn nhn trc tip
t cng tc thit k quy hoch, cng tc qun l xy dng, qun l th
yu km ca nc ta. Cc sai lm, thiu st ca quy hoch v mt bo
v mi trng c th sa cha iu chnh c nhng rt tn km,

hoc khng th sa cha, iu chnh c, nh l cc sai lm trong quy

hoch th v cng nghip i vi thnh ph Vit Tr.
Quy hoch xy dng th va phi p ng yu cu phc v cho mc
tiu pht trin kinh t - x hi, va phi p ng yu cu bo v mi
trng m bo pht trin bn vng, c bit l quy hoch h thng
h tng k thut th: h thng cp nc, h thng thu gom, x l v
thot nc thi; h thng thu gom, vn chuyn v x l cht thi rn; h
thng giao thng th; nh tang l v ngha trang th v h thng
cy xanh th.
Tuy vy, cng tc quy hoch th v nng thn ca nc ta hin nay
vn cha theo kp vi xu th hin i ho cng tc xy dng quy hoch
ca th gii, l theo phng php tip cn sinh thi mi trng, lng
ghp xem xt cc vn mi trng trong sut qu trnh lm quy hoch
xy dng th, tin hnh nh gi mi trng chin lc (MC) i vi
quy hoch th, cng khai v tham vn cng ng c lin quan trong
qu trnh quy hoch...
3. Xem xt y cc tc ng mi trng v p dng cc gii
php bo v mi trng, tit kim v s dng c hiu qu nng
lng trong cng trnh xy dng
u t xy dng bt c mt cng trnh xy dng no (cng trnh dn
dng, cng trnh cng cng, cng trnh dch v hay cng trnh sn xut)
u ny sinh cc tc ng tiu cc i vi mi trng. Trong giai on
thit k cng trnh ngi thit k phi xem xt y cc yu t tc
ng tiu cc n mi trng ng thi p dng cc bin php hu hiu
gim thiu nhim mi trng, c bit l i vi ngun nc thi,
cht thi rn, nhim khng kh v ting n. Trong iu kin bin i kh
hu ngy nay, nguy c khan him v cn kit ngun nc ngt ngy
cng trm trng, do vy cn phi p dng cc bin php ti s dng
thi, s dng tun hon nc v tn dung ngun nc ma trong cng
trnh xy dng.
Chng ta u bit, cng trnh xy dng lun tiu th vt liu v nng
lng rt ln. Theo s liu tng kt ca nhiu nc trn th gii th t l
tiu th nng lng ca cng trnh xy dng trong th thng chim
ti 40-70% tng lng tiu th ca ton thnh ph. Tiu th cng nhiu
vt liu v nng lng th s dn n lng pht thi kh nh knh:
cng ln v gy ra bin i kh hu. V vy, rt nhiu nc trn th
gii hin nay ban hnh cc quy chun, tiu chun v hng dn thit
k, xy dng cc cng trnh xanh. Bn tiu ch v cng trnh xanh l:
(1) Tit kim v s dng hp l nng lng, (2) Tit kim v ti s dng
vt liu xy dng, (3) Tit kim v ti s dng ngun nc, (4) Bo tn
sinh thi v mi trng t.

Chng ti cho rng: ngnh xy dng nc ta rt cn nhanh chng ho

nhp vi xu th ny.
4. y mnh thc thi cc gii php qun l cht thi rn th v
cng nghip
Theo quy nh ca Lut Bo v Mi trng v cc vn bn php lut
di lut th B Xy dng c giao nhim v c trch v qun l cht
thi rn th, cng nghip v nng thn.
Hin nay, trong cng tc qun l cht thi rn nc ta c nhiu vn
bc xc, trc ht l cht thi cng nghip nguy hi pht sinh ngy cng
nhiu, cng c tnh cht phc tp v c hi, nhng cho n nay ch c
khu lin hp x l cht thi Nam Sn (H Ni), l c khu x l cht thi
cng nghip nguy hi ng k thut. Tip theo l t l thu gom cht thi
rn th nc ta trung bnh mi t khong 70%, cn li 30% s b
vt ba bi ra mi trng xung quanh, gy nhim mi trng nc,
nhim mi trng khng kh, nhim mi trng t v mt m quan
th. Ch khong 30-50% khi lng cht thi rn thu gom c x l
ng k thut v sinh mi trng.
Trn y l mt s vn bc xc nht v bo v mi trng ca
ngnh xy dng nc ta, cn quan tm gii quyt cng sm cng tt.