Đồ án xử lý nước cấp - nước mặt

N MN HC X L NC CP THIT K TRM X L NC CP
LI NI U
Sau qu trnh hc tp v rn luyn ti trng Kin Trc H Ni, khoa th, di s dy

bo ca cc thy c, tng bc em c tip thu nhng kin thc p ng cho ngh nghip
trong tng lai. Vi nhng kin thc c c, em iu kin nhn n mn hc X L
Nc Cp. Em c nghin cu v tm hiu v h thng cp nc thnh ph A. Do vy trong
n ny em nhn ti THIT K DY CHUYN CNG NGH H THNG CP
NC THNH PH A. pht trin kinh t, thnh ph cn c mt h thng c s h tng
vng chc, trong h thng cp nc ng vai tr v cng quan trng, nh hng n s pht
trin ca cc ngnh khc. Di s pht trin ca thnh ph, h thng cp nc c ca thnh ph
ang dn qu ti v nhiu khu vc ca thnh ph hin vn cha c cung cp nc. V vy nhu
cu bc thit ca thnh ph A hin nay cn phi xy dng mt h thng cp nc mi p ng
nhu cu pht trin ca thnh ph hin ti v trong tng lai.
Vi nhng ti liu v nhng thng tin c s v thnh ph A, sau mt thi gian lm vic,
em hon thnh n. Trong n ny, h thng cp nc thnh ph A s c thit k cho
giai on 2012 - 2030, m bo cho s pht trin ca thnh ph trong vng 18 nm ti s c
nc cho cc nhu cu.
Mc d c c gng, song do cn cha c kinh nghim trong thit k v khi lng
n tng i ln nn n vn khng th trnh khi mc nhiu li. Em knh mong nhn c s
ch bo ca cc Thy, C em hon thin hn na kin thc ca mnh.
Em xin c gi li cm n n thy gio THS. Nguyn Thnh Mu, c gio Ths.
Minh Hng v cc thy c trong b mn Cp thot nc, khoa K thut Mi trng tn tnh
hng dn em trong sut thi gian va qua.
Knh chc cc Thy, C mnh khe v Thnh cng !

H Ni Ngy 11thng 11 nm 2014
Sinh vin :Nguyn Xun Nht
Lp
: 2011M
GVHD: THS. NGUYN THNH MU

SVTH : NGUYN XUN NHT 11M
Page 1
A. TNG QUAN V N:
KHI LNG THC HIN:
I.
1. Phn bn v -A1:
+ S cao trnh trm x l (phng n chn).
+ Mt bng trm x l (phng n chn).
+ Chi tit mt cng trnh n v (phng n chn).
2. Phn thuyt minh - A4:
+ Phn tch, xut, la chn dy chuyn cng ngh x l nc.
+ Tnh ton cc cng trnh ca phng n chn.
II.
TI LIU THAM KHO:

- Tiu chun xy dng Vit Nam 33-2006.
- X l nc cp cho sinh hot v cng nghip Ts.Trnh Xun
Lai.

Page 2
B. CHNG I:
NH GI CHT LNG NC NGUN V LA CHN DY
CHUYN CNG NGH
CHT LNG NC NGUN V YU CU CHT LNG
I.
NC SAU X L:
1. Cht lng nc ngun.
CH TIU
STT
GI TR
Cng sut (m3/ng)
pH
pH
7.8
Hm lng cn (mg/l)
800
mu (Pt-Co)
55
ton
Nhit (to C)
25
6
7
8
20.000
Hm lng Ca (mg/l)
Hm lng mui (mg/l)
8
360
Ki
kim (mgl/l)
3.7
Vi khun E.coli (con/100ml

nc)
120
2. Yu cu cht lng nc sau khi x l.

Bng tiu chun v sinh nc n ung
(Ban hnh km theo Quyt nh ca B trng B Y t
s 01/ 2009/ BYT / Q ngy 17 / 6 /2009)
n
STT
Tn ch tiu
v
tnh

Gii hn
ti a
Phng php th
Mc
gim st
Page 3
Ch tiu cm quan v thnh phn v c
Mu sc (a)
Mi v (a)
c (a)
pH (a)
cng (a)
6
7
8
Tng cht rn ho tan

(TDS) (a)
Hm lng nhm (a)
Hm lng Amoni, tnh
theo NH4+ (a)
TCU
15
Khng c
mi, v l
NTU
2
6,5-8,5
mg/l
300
mg/l
1000
mg/l
0,2
mg/l
1,5
Hm lng Antimon
mg/l
0,005
10
Hm lng Asen
mg/l
0,01
11
Hm lng Bari
mg/l
0,7
cho c Borat v Axit boric
mg/l
0,3
13
Hm lng Cadimi
mg/l
0,003
14
Hm lng Clorua (a)
mg/l
250
15
Hm lng Crom
mg/l
0,05
16
Hm lng ng (Cu) (a)
mg/l
17
Hm lng Xianua
mg/l
0,07
18
Hm lng Florua
mg/l
0,7 1,5
12
Hm lng Bo tnh chung

TCVN 6185-1996
(ISO 7887-1985)
Cm quan
(ISO 7027 - 1990)
TCVN 6184- 1996
A
A
AOAC hoc SMEWW
TCVN 6224 - 1996
TCVN 6053 1995

(ISO 9696 1992)
ISO 12020 1997
TCVN 5988 1995
(ISO 5664 1984)
AOAC hoc SMEWW
TCVN 6182 1996
(ISO 6595 1982)
AOAC hoc SMEWW
ISO 9390 - 1990
TCVN6197 - 1996
(ISO 5961-1994)
TCVN6194 - 1996
(ISO 9297- 1989)
TCVN 6222 - 1996
(ISO 9174 - 1990)
(ISO 8288 - 1986)
TCVN 6193- 1996
TCVN6181 - 1996
(ISO 6703/1-1984)
TCVN 6195- 1996
(ISO10359/1-1992)
B
B
B
C
B
C
C
C
Page 4
19
Hm lng Hydro sunfua

(a)
mg/l
0,05
20
Hm lng St (a)
mg/l
0,5
21
Hm lng Ch
mg/l
0,01
22
Hm lng Mangan
mg/l
0,5
ISO10530-1992
TCVN 6177-1996 (ISO
6332-1988)
TCVN 6193- 1996 (ISO
8286-1986)
TCVN 6002- 1995

(ISO 6333 - 1986)
TCVN 5991-1995 (ISO

23
Hm lng Thu ngn.
mg/l
0,001
5666/1-1983 ISO
5666/3 -1983)
24
Hm lng Molybden
mg/l
0,07
25
Hm lng Niken
mg/l
0,02
26
Hm lng Nitrat
mg/l
50 (b)
27
Hm lng Nitrit
mg/l
3 (b)
28
Hm lng Selen
mg/l
0,01
29
Hm lng Natri
mg/l
200
30
Hm lng Sunpht (a)
mg/l
250
31
Hm lng km (a)
mg/l
32
xy ho
mg/l

AOAC hoc SMEWW
TCVN 6180 -1996

(ISO8288-1986)
TCVN 6180- 1996

(ISO 7890-1988)
TCVN 6178-1996 (ISO
6777-1984)
TCVN 6183-1996 (ISO
9964-1-1993)
TCVN 6196-1996 (ISO
9964/1-1993)
TCVN 6200 -1996
(ISO9280 -1990)
TCVN 6193 -1996
(ISO8288-1989)
A
A
Chun bng KMnO4
Page 5
II.
La chn dy chuyn cng ngh.
1. Xc nh CO2 t do c trong nc ngun.

Cn c nhit ca nc (toC), kim (ki), pH v tng hm
lng mui (P), tra biu 6.2 TCXDVN 33-2006 xc nh hm lng
CO2 t do trong nc. Vi:
Nhit ca nc ngun: 25oC
kim ton phn: Ki = 3.7 mgl/l
pH pH = 7.7
Tng hm lng mui: P=500 (mg/l).
Ta xc nh c hm lng CO2 c trong nc ngun l: 5.2 (mg/l)

Page 6
2. Tnh ton liu lng ha cht a vo .

a) Xc nh liu lng phn dng keo t:
+Hm lng phn xc nh theo mu: Cn c vo mu ca nc ngun M
= 620 th theo TCVN 33-2006 ta c cng thc xc nh lng phn nhm nh sau:
Pp = 4
= 4
= 29.66 (mg/l)
+ Hm lng phn xc nh theo hm lng cn nc ngun:

Bng 6.3 TCXDVN 33-2006
Hm lng cn khng tan ca nc
Liu lng phn khng cha nc dng
ngun (mg/l)
x l nc c (mg/l)
n 100
25 35
101 200
30 40
201 400
35 45
401 600
45 50
601 800
50 60
801 1000
60 70
1001 1500
70 80
Cn c vo hm lng cn ca nc ngun C = 800 mg/l v theo Bng 6.3

TCXDVN 33-2006 th lng phn nhm cn thit keo t l 60 (mg/l).
So snh gia liu lng phn nhm tnh theo hm lng cn v theo mu
chn liu lng phn tnh ton PP = 60 (mg/l).
b) Xc nh mc kim ha.
Trong qu trnh keo t nc bng phn nhm th kim trong nc gim,
trong nc s xut hin cc ion H+, cc ion ny s c kh bng kim t nhin
ca nc. Nu nh kim t nhin ca nc nh khng trung ha ta phi
tin hnh kim ha nc bng vi CaO.
Kim tra kim ca nc theo yu cu keo t xc nh theo cng thc 6-2
TCXDVN 33-2006:
Page 7
DK K P K t 1 (mg / l )
e
Trong :
- e : ng lng ca phn khng cha nc. i vi Al2 (SO3), e = 57
- DK: Liu lng ho cht kim ho (mg/l).
- PP : Liu lng phn dng keo t PP = 60 (mg/l).
- K : H s i vi vi (theo CaO) K = 28.
- Kt : kim nh nht ca nc ngun Kt = 3,7 (mg/l).
Dk = 28 (
- 3,7 + 1) = - 46,13 < 0
=> khng cn phi kim ha.

3. Kim tra n nh ca nc sau khi x l.
Sau khi cho phn nhm vo keo t th pH ca nc gim, do kh nng
nc c tnh xm thc. Cn phi kim tra n nh ca nc.
a) Kim tra kim ca nc sau khi keo t
K i* K io
Pp
e
(mg / l )
Trong :
- K *i : kim ca nc sau khi keo t.
- Kio: kim ban u ca nc ngun, Kio = 3,7 (mgl/l).
- PP : Liu lng phn dng keo t, PP = 60 (mg/l).
- e : ng lng ca phn khng cha nc. /v Al2 (SO3) e = 57
Ki*= 3,7 -
= 2,647 (mg/l)
b) Kim tra n nh ca nc sau khi keo t

n nh ca nc c nh gi bng ch s J.
Theo TCXDVN 33-2006, Nu J < - 0,5 Nc c tnh xm thc.
J > 0,5 Nc c tnh lng ng.
Ch s J c xc nh nh sau:
Page 8
J = pH* - pHs
Trong :
- pH*: pH ca nc sau khi kheo t.
- pHs: pH ca nc trng thi bo ho CaCO3 sau khi keo t.
pHs: c tnh theo cng thc sau:
pHs = f1(t) - f2(Ca2+) - f3(Ki*) + f4(P)
Trong : f1(t0), f2(Ca2+), f3(K1), f4(p) l nhng tr s ph thuc vo nhit ,
nng canxi, kim, tng hm lng mui trong nc, xc nh theo th
trn hnh H-6.1 TCXDVN 33:2006.
-Xc nh lng CO2 ca nc sau khi keo t:
CO2* CO20 44
Pp
ep
(mg/ l )
Trong :
- CO*2: Lng CO2 ca nc sau khi keo t
- CO02: Lng CO2 ca nc ngun.(= 5.2 )
Page 9
: ng lng phn nhm ep = 57 mgl/l
- ep
CO2* = CO20 +44
= 5,2+ 44
= 51,52 (mg/l)
Tra biu Langlier hnh H-6.2 trong TCXDVN 33:2006

Vi t = 250C
f1 (250C) = 2
Ca2+ = 8
f2 (8) = 0,9
= 3,7 (mg/l)
f3 (3,7) = 1,57
P = 360 (mg/l)
f4 (360) = 8,82
- Vi:
CO2* = 51.52 (mg/l)
= 3,7 (mg/l)
t0 = 250C
P = 360 (mg/l)
Tra biu Langlier
ta c:
pH* = 6,8
pHs = f1(t) - f2(Ca2+) - f3(Ki*) + f4(P) = 2 0.9 1,57 + 8,82 = 8,35
Nh vy:
J = pH* - pHs = 6,8 8,35 = -1,55
Vi ch s J va tnh = - 1,55 > 0,5

Kt lun: Nc c tnh xm thc => to lp bo v bng cacbonat mt trong
thnh ng phi kim ha nc.
+ V pH*<pHs < 8,4 => hm lng vi a vo kim ha xc nh theo cng thc
bng 6.20 TCVN 33-2006:
DK = ek Ki* (mg/l))
Trong :
- ek: ng lng ca ho cht a vo kim ho, dng vi ek = 28.
Page 10
- : H s ph thuc n nh ca J v pH ca nc vi J = 1,55 , pH* =

6,8. Tra biu Hnh 6-4 trong TCXDVN 33-2006 ta c = 0,4.
DK = 28 0,4 3,7 = 41,44 (mg/l)
c) Hm lng cn ln nht trong nc sau khi a ho cht vo kim ho
v keo t
Ta c cng thc tnh nh sau:
o
Cmax = Cmax
+ K Pp + 0,25M + DK (mg/l)
Trong :
o
- Cmax
: Hm lng cn ln nht ca nc ngun = 800 (mg/l)
- K: H s ph thuc vo tinh khit ca phn s dng. i vi phn nhm

khng sch K = 1.
- Pp: Lng phn a vo keo t Pp = 60 (mg/l)
- M: mu ca nc ngun theo thang Platin - Coban. M = 55.
- DK: Liu lng vi a vo kim ho DK = 41,44 (mg/l).
Cmax= 800 + 1 60 + 0,25 55 + 41,44 = 915,19 (mg/l).
4. La chn dy chuyn cng ngh.
a) xut cc phng n dy chuyn cng ngh x l.
Da vo bng phn tch mu nc v so snh vi tiu chun cht lng nc mt
dng lm ngun cp nc TCVN 33-2006 v tiu chun 01/2009/BYT/Q nc ngun
c cht lng kh tt m bo cc ch tiu v v sinh i vi nc n ung, sinh hot.
Cn c vo kt qu cht lng nc sau khi x l s b:

- Cng sut Q = 20 000 (
/ng)
- Hm lng cn max Cmax= 800 (mg/l).

- kim ca nc ngun
= 3,7 (mgdl/l)
- mu M = 55 ( pt/ Co)
- Tiu chun cht lng nc sinh hot TXDVN 33-2006.
Page 11
C th a ra hai phng n dy chuyn cng ngh sau:

Phng n I:
Phng n II:
b) nh gi v la chn dy chuyn cng ngh.

-S khc nhau c bn gia 2 dy chuyn cng ngh l lng v lc.
+ phng n 1 s dng cng ngh lng dng tm lamen.u im ca cng
ngh ny l:
Kt cu chu ti nng ca b, thng bn v b tm nghing cng nh ca
c cu co. Nu cn thit c th b sung h nng co.
nh v cc cng cp liu c thit k c bit t c t l ti u
gia din tch lm trong nc v din tch c c.
Khng gian gia cc tm nghing rng cho ph p x l bn cp liu nng
c v ht rn th.
Page 12
Khng c on mch v chy ri b mt

C cu to kt bng tch hp vi tc khuy c th thay i c.
V vic s dng b lc aquazur V em li hiu qu kh cao, u im ca loi b
ny:
B lc Aquazur V tp hp tt c cc nguyn l lm vic tt ca mt thit b lc
v ra hiu qu:
- Nc lc c cp lin tc tng phn hoc ton b vo b lc trong c thi
gian ra m bo qu t nc b mt. Cc b lc khc khng chu s tng lu
lng v vn tc lc trong thi gian ra b.
- Chiu su lp nc trn b mt b lc 1-1,2 m nn tit kim chiu cao xy
dng cng trnh, gim kch thc xy dng cng trnh.
- B lc ph hp vi tc lc cao. thc hin iu ngi ta ct lc c
chiu cao t 1,5-2 m thng thng l 1,2m.
- N gi mt p sut dng trn tt c b dy ca ct v k o di trong tt c chu
trnh lc.
- Vic ra lc vi tc dng ca dng nc qu t b mt lm tng hiu qu ra lc
cng nh tit kim nc ra.
- Tn tht p lc khi ra lc l ti thiu ( do c dng nc qu t trn b mt) nn
p lc bm ra lc khng cn cao, tiu hao nng lng t.
+ phng n 2 s dng cng ngh b lng ngang v b lc nhanh trng lc. 2
loi b ny ra i kh lu do hiu qu khng cao nh 2 loi b trn.
xut chn dy chuyn 1 lm dy chuyn x l.

Page 13

Page 14
C. CHNG II
TNH TON CC CNG TRNH TRONG DY CHUYN CNG NGH
PHNG N CHN.
II.1. Thit k h thng pha ch - nh lng d tr ho cht.
II.1.1. Tnh ton thit b pha ch phn.
a) B ha tan phn
Cng sut trm x l kh ln l 62000 (m3/ng) nn ta s dng B ha tan phn
cc khuy trn bng kh nn.
S cu to chung:
7
1
1 - n g d n k h n g k h n n
2 - g h i ph n c c
3 - h t h n g ph n ph i g i t r n
4 - h t h n g ph n ph i g i d - i
5 - n g d n d u n g d c h ph n sa n g b t i u t h
6 - n g x c n
7 - n g - a n - c v o
B h a t an ph n c c k h u y t r n bn g k h n n .
Xc nh cu to ca b ha tan:
Dung tch b ha tan hu ch c xc nh bng cng thc 6-3(TCVN 332006):
W=
(m3)
Trong :
- Q: Cng sut trm x l(m3/h), Q = 62000 (m3/ng)=2583.33 (m3/h)
Page 15
: Liu lng phn cn thit ln nht tnh theo sn phm khng ngm
nc Al2 (SO4)3,
= 48 (mg/l)
: Nng dung dch phn trong thng pha,
= 10%
- : Trng lng ring ca dung dch phn (T/m3), = 1 (T/m3)

- n: Thi gian gia hai ln ha tan (h)
V cng sut trm l 62000 (m3/ng) Chn n = 6 (h)
= 7.44 (m3)
W=
Chn 2 b ho phn vi dung tch hu ch mt b l:

W1 = W2 =
=3.72 (m3)
Kch thc mi b l:
W1 =b l h = 1,5 1,5 1.7 =3.82 (m3)
B ha tan phn c xy bng b tng ct thp. Sn gm cc thanh g
cch nhau 10 mm.Lp sn cch y b 0,6mm,bn di dn ng phn phi kh
nn. Bn di lp ghi phn cc t h thng cc ng phn phi gi. H thng
phn phi gi c tnh vi cng 10 (l/s.m2) khng kh nn trn 1 m2 sn ghi,
trn thnh ng phn phi khoan l d = 3 (mm) nghing 45o so vi phng thng
ng hng xung di. Tc gi thi ra khi l l 25 (m/s). y b t ng x
cn v x kit vi ng knh d = 150 (mm). Quanh ming x t ng vng c
khoan l phn phi gi xi cn. Phn trong b c a sang b tiu th bng
ng t chy.
b)B tiu th
S cu to chung b tiu th phn:

Page 16
1 - n g d n d u n g d c h
ph n t b h a t r n
2 - n g d n n - c
3 - n g d n k h
4 - n g x c n
5 - n g ph n ph i g i
5
4
6 - b m n h l - n g
B t i u t h ph n k h u y t r n bn g k h n n .
Dung tch b tiu th tnh theo cng thc 6-4(TCVN 33-2006):

Wtt =
W bh
(m3)
bt
Trong :
- W : Dung tch b ha trn W=2 3.82=7.64 (m3)
- bh : Nng phn trong b ho trn 10%
- bt : Nng phn trong b tiu th 5%
Wtt =
W bh
=
bt
= 15.28(m3)
Chn 2 b tiu th vi dung tch 1 b l 15.28 (m3).

W1 = b l h = 2,1 2,1 1,8 = 7,94 (m3)
- y b tiu th c dc 5% v pha ng x. Chn ng knh ng x D =
125 (mm). Mt trong b c p gch men chu axit. Dung dch phn bo ha
c dn bng ng t chy sang b tiu th sau dng bm nh lng a dung
dch phn 5% t b tiu th vo nc x l.
c)Chn my qut gi v tnh ton ng dn kh nn.
- Lu lng kh nn cn a vo b ha tan:
Q h = 0,06 Wh Fh (
/pht)
Trong :
Page 17
Qh : Lu lng kh nn cn a vo b (
Wh : Cng sc kh trong b ha trn ly W = 10 (l/s.m2)
Fh : Din tch mt bng ca b pha phn. F = 2(1,5 1,5) = 4,5 (m2)

Qh = 0,06 10 4,5 = 2,7 (
/pht)
/pht)= 0,045 (m3/s)
- Lu lng kh nn cn a vo b tiu th:

Q t = 0,06 W F (
/pht)
Trong :
-
Qt : Lu lng kh nn cn a vo b tiu th (
Wt : Cng sc kh trong b tiu th ly W = 5 (l/s.m2)
Ft : Din tch mt bng ca b pha phn. Ft = 2(2,1 2,1) = 8,82 (m2)

Qt = 0,06 5 8,82 = 2,646 (
/pht)
/pht)= 0,044 (m3/s)
- Tng lu lng kh nn cn a vo b ha trn v tiu th l:

Q g = Qh + Qt = 2,7 + 2,646 = 5,346 (
/pht) =0,0891 (m3/s)
- ng knh ng gi chnh:
Dc =
(m)
Theo TCXD 33-2006,tc gi trong ng phi ly bng 10-15 (m/s )

=>chn v=15 (m/s)
Dc =
= 0,087(m)
Chn Dc = 90(mm)
Th li tc : v=
= 14 (m/s)
Nm trong phm vi tc cho php.

-ng knh ng dn gi n thng ha trn:
Dh =
= 0,063(m)
Chn Dh = 65 (mm)
Th v= 13,5(m/s) nm trong gii hn tc cho php.
Page 18
-ng knh ng dn gi n ythng ha trn:

Dh =
= 0,045(m) = 45(mm)
-ng knh ng nhnh vo thng ha trn: thit k 3 ng

= 0,0075(m3/s)
Qnh=
Tnh s l khoan trn gin ng gi b ha trn:

Theo mc 6.22 TCXDVN 33-2006
Tc khng kh qua l 20-30 (m/s)
ng knh l 3-4 (mm)
Chiu di ng nhnh :
ln=1,5m ; chn 3mm ; vl =25m/s
din tch l: fl =
(m2)
= 7.
Tng din tch cc l trn 1 ng nhnh:

Fl =
S l trn 1 nhnh : n =
= 3.
(m2)
= 43 (l)
Nu khoan 1 hng l th khong cch cc l :

l=
= 35 mm
Nu khoan 2 hng th l=70 mm.

d)Tnh ton lng ha cht d tr tring kho.
- Tnh ton lng phn d tr.
i vi trm x l nc th lng phn phi d tr s dng trong 15
ngy.
Lng phn khi tiu th trong 15 ngy c tnh nh sau:
Pl = n

(tn)
Page 19
Trong :
- n = 15 ngy, s ngy s dng.
- Q : Cng sut trm x l Q = 62000 (m3/ng).
PP : Lng phn cho vo nc tnh theo sn phm tinh khit PP= 48
mg/l.
b : T l tinh khit trong phn kh Pk = 50% (Phn Vit Nam sn xut)
Pl = 15
= 89.28(tn)
Din tch mt bng ngn cha phn d tr c xc nh theo cng thc :

F=
Q Pp T
10000 b h G 0
Trong :
- : H s tnh n din tch i li v thao tc trong kho, ly = 1,3.
- b : T l tinh khit trong phn kh Pk = 50% (Phn Vit Nam sn xut).
- h : Chiu cao cho php ca lp ha cht.Vi phn nhm cc ta c h=2 m.
- T : Thi gian gi ha cht. T = 15 ngy.
- Go : Khi lng ring ca ho cht. Thng ly Go = 1,1 (tn/m3).
- PP : Lng phn cho vo nc ngun tnh theo sn phm tinh khit. PP=
48 (mg/l)
F=

= 53(m2)
Page 20
- Tnh ton lng vi d tr.

Lng vi cc tiu th trong 1 ngy:
G=
Q Dk
10000 b
Trong :
- Dk : Lng vi cn a vo nc kim ha. Theo phn trn c Dk =
29.68 (mg/l).
- b : T l vi tinh khit b = 70% .
- : Trng lng ring ca dung dch phn = 1 (T/m3)
G=
=2.63(T/ngy)
Khi lng vi cn d tr cho 15 ngy th chn bin php d tr t trong kho v

ti bng my.
Tng lng vi cha trong kho : M = 152.63 = 39.45 (T)
Din tch mt bng cha vi:
F=
= 31.06(m2)
Chn F = 35 (m2). Kch thc kho cha BL = 57 (m).

Chiu cao ca vi cc cha trong kho l 1,5m. Kho vi xy tng bao quanh, c
mi che v c ca thng sang phng pha dung dch. Vi cc c a sang phng
ti vi bng xe y.
II.1.2. Tnh ton thit b pha ch vi sa.
Page 21
a). S cu to thit b pha ch vi sa.
1 - b t i v i
10
2 - l n g n g v i c c
3 - b ph a v i sa
4 - m y k h u y
5 - g u x c v i t i
3
8
6 - m y b m n h l - n g
6
9
7 - n g d n v i sa
8 - n g d n n - c s c h n
9 - n g x c n
10 - mo n o r a y
h t h ng ph a v i s a
Vi cc c ti trong cc b thnh vi st, sau dng gu ngom vn chuyn

bng cu palng a vo cc b c y hnh cn v c lp my khuy c kh
pha long thnh vi sa. Sau mi ln pha, m van x y hnh cn v cho cn
cha ti chy vo r thp, ri dng palng a r ny ra ngoi xng.
b) Tnh ton b v thit b pha ch vi sa.
B ti vi.
Dung tch b ti vi xc nh theo cng thc:
Wvt = Mq (m3)
Trong :
- M : Lng vi cc tiu th trong 15 ngy. M = 39.45 (tn).
- q : Lng nc cn thit ti 1 ln vi cc. Theo quy phm th q= 35
m3/tn. Chn q = 4 m3/tn.
Wvt = 39.454 = 157.8 (m3)

Page 22
Ly chiu cao b ti vi l h =2,5 (m) Din tch b ti vi F = 63.12 (m2).

Kch thc b ti vi BL = 8x8=64 (m2).
B pha vi sa.
Dung tch b pha vi sa 5% chn ph hp vi thi gian s dng ht lng vi

ti 1 ln l 8 gi. (theo mc 6.34 TCXDVN 33-2006 l t 612 h)
Dung tch b pha vi sa xc nh theo cng thc:
Wvs =
Q n Lv
(m3)
10000 b v
Trong :
- Q : Cng sut trm x l Q = 62000 m3/ ng = 2583.33 m3/h.
- n :Thi gian gia hai ln pha ch, n = 10 ting.
- Lv : Liu lng vi tinh khit cho vo nc x l, Lv = 29.68 (mg/l).
- bv : Nng vi khi ha, b = 5%.
- : Trng lng ring ca dung dch vi, ly = 1 (T/m3)
Wvs =
= 12.27 (m3)
B pha vi sa c thit k xy kiu hnh trn, y c xy dc v pha tm

b, ng knh b ly bng chiu cao cng tc ca b d = h. y b lp ng x cn
D150mm di ming x c t r st hng cn. gi cho vi khng b lng
v c nng u 5% phi lin tc khuy trn bng my khuy.
Mt khc ta c:

Page 23
Wv =
>d =
= 3.95
Vy d h = 4 (m) .
Tnh ton la chn my khuy.
Dng my khuy pha vi ti thnh vi sa v gi cho dung dch khng b

lng xung y b. Chn my khuy kiu cnh phng c cc ch tiu:
S vng quay ca trc ng c : n = 40 (vng/pht)
(theo mc 6.36 TCXDVN 33-2006 : tc khuy bng my khng nh hn 40
vng/pht)
Chiu di cnh khuy theo quy phm l t (0,4 0,5)d.
Chn lck = 0,4d =1,6 (m).
Chiu di tnh ton ton phn ca cnh qut l : 1.62 = 3.2 (m).
Din tch bn cnh hu ch ly 0,15 m2 cho 1 m3 b . (Quy phm = 0,1 0,2 m2).
Din tch hu ch cnh khuy: 0,1512.27 = 1.84(m2)
Chiu rng mi cnh khuy:
1 1.84
bck
0,92 (m)
2
2
Cng sut ca ng c cho quay cnh qut ly l 3,0 KW.

m bo cho cng trnh lm vic n nh v an ton ta chn 2 b pha vi,
trong 1 b lm vic v 1 b d phng.
II.2. Tnh ton thit k b trn c kh.

Page 24
II.2.1. Cu to b trn c kh.

bm
hm
Hbv
bm
bm
ho cht
n- c th
A
mt c t 1-1
mt b n g
Hnh II.6.s cu to thit b trn c kh

II.2.2.Tnh ton b trn c kh
II.2.2.1.Xc nh kch thc ca b trn c kh:
V = t Q (m3)
Trong :
- t: thi gian khuy trn. Theo 6.58 TCXDVN 33-2006 t = 45 90(s) chn t
= 80s.
- Q: cng sut trm x l, Q = 62000 (m3/ng) = 0.717 (m3/s).
=> V = 80 x 0,717 = 57.36 (m3).
Thit k 2 b trn,th tch 1 b l : v=V/2=28.68 (m3).
vung kch A xB = 2.4 2.4m. H = 5 m
Chn chiu cao bo v Hbv = 0,5m Hxd =5,5m.
II.2.2.2.Xc nh kch thc cnh khuy v lng lng cn thit cho my
khuy:

Page 25
+ Dng my khuy tua bin su cnh nghing gc 450 hng xung di

a nc t trn xung. ng knh my khuy D 1/2x chiu rng b -> chn D =
1 m. Trong b t bn tm chn ngn chuyn ng xoy ca nc, chiu cao
ca tm chn 4,6m, chiu rng 0,24 m bng 1/10 ng knh b.
- ng knh my khuy ly :D = 1 m.
- My khuy t cch y mt khong: h = D=1 m.
- Chiu rng bn cnh khuy :B=
- Chiu di bn cnh khuy: A=
1
1
D = 0,8 0,16(m)
5
5
1
1
D = 1 0, 25(m)
4
4
chiu di vng trn: L = 1,5D = 1,5m

y b t dc 2 % v mt pha v t ng ng x kit thau ra, x cn
-
khi cn thit.
Nng lng cn thit truyn vo nc:
P = G2 .V. (kW)
Trong :
- G : Cng khuy trn. Theo iu 6.58 TCXDVN 33 -2006
G = 500 1500s-1 Chn G = 500s-1
- - V : Th tch vng trn:
V
D2
4
3,14 12
1,5 1,18m3
4
- : h s nht ca cht lng, = 0,0001

2
P = 1000 0.001 1.18 = 1180(J/s) = 1.18 (kW).
S vng quay ca my khuy:

1/3
P
n =
(vng/pht)
5
K
.
.
D
Trong :
- P: Nng lng cn thit truyn vo nc , P = 1180 (W).
Page 26
- K: h s sc cn ca nc, vi cnh khuy nghing 450 , K = 1,08.

- : khi lng ring ca cht lng, = 1000 (Kg/G/m3).
- D: ng knh cnh khuy, D = 1 m.
=> n =
= 1.03 (vng/s) = 103 (vng/pht)
II.2.2.2 Tnh ton mng thu nc phn phi vo b phn ng:

D kin thu nc bng 2 mng theo 2 hng ngc chiu nhau n ca thu vo
b phn ng, v vy lu lng nc tnh trong mng s l:
qm =
= 1291.66 (m3/h)
Din tch tit din mng s l:

fm =
= 0,4 (m2)
Trong :
- Vm = 0,9 m/s tc nc chy qua mng (theo 6.59 TCXDVN 33- 2006).
Chn chiu rng mng bm = 1,0 m th chiu cao lp nc tnh ton trong mng
s l: hm =
= 0,4 (m)
dc ca mng v pha ca thu nc vo b phn ng ly l 0,02.

Kt lun: B trn c kh c cc thng s tht k l
A (m)
B (m)
H (m)
Hbv (m)
Hxd (m)
2.4
2.4
0,5
5,5
II.3. Tnh ton thit k b phn ng c kh.

II.3.1. Cu to b trn phn ng kh.

Page 27
Hbv
mt b n g
mt c t 1-1
Hnh II.7. S cu to b phn ng c kh

II.3.2.Tnh ton b phn ng c kh.
II.3.2.1.Xc nh kch thc ca b phn ng c kh:
- Th tch b b phn ng c kh c tnh theo cng thc :
V = t.Q (m3)
Trong :
- t: thi lu nc li trong b phn ng ( Mc 6.80 TCXDVN 33- 2006) t=
10 30 pht, chn t = 20 pht = 1200s.
- Q: cng sut trm x l, Q = 62000 (m3/ng) = 0.717 (m3/s).
3
V = 1200 x 0,717= 860.4 (m ).
Thit k 2 b to bng cn c kh, dung tch mi b:

V1b= V/2 = 430.2 (m3).
Mi b chia lm 3 ngn, c ngn bi cc tm chn khoan l lp ng nha
PVC-D150mm, vn tc nc qua l trn vch ngn v = 0,1m/s.

Page 28
Chn chiu cao ca b phn ng h = 4.3 m, chiu rng b = 5m, tit din ngang
30 m2
Tit din ngang ca mt b l: f =BxH = 5x4,3=21.5 (m2).
Chiu cao bo v: Hbv = 0,5 m. Hxd= 4,8m.
Chiu di 1 b :
L=
Chiu di mi bung: l=
= 20.1(m)
= 6.7 (m)
Dung tch mi bung l : A x B x H = 5 x 6.7 x 4,3 = 144.05 (m3).

- Tng din tch cc l lp ng nha PVC D150mm vi tc nc chy qua l
Vl = 0,1 m/s s l:
=
= 7.17 (
Vi ng knh l D = 150 mm th din tch ca mi l s l:

=
Tng s l trn thnh mng s l: =
= 0,0176 (
= 407 l.
L D = 150 c b ch hng 16 hng theo chiu cao b, 17 hng theo chiu

rng b.(sai)
+ Xc nh tng s l vch ngn sang vng n nh, trc b lng v=0,5 (theo
iu 6.77 TCXDVN 33-2006).
f=
=
n=
= 1.435 (
=81 l
L vch ngn sang vng n nh b ch hng 8 hng theo chiu cao b, 7 hng
theo chiu rng b.

Page 29
II.3.2.2.Xc nh kch thc cnh khuy v lng lng cn thit cho my

khuy:
- Chn b phn ng to bng c kh dng cnh khuy tuabin trc ng,
4 cnh nghing 450, qut nc xung y b xi v ti cn lng ng y khi
ng c phi ngng hot ng.
+Mi ngn t 1 my khuy, tng s my khuy n = 6.
+ Th tch nc khuy trn ca 1 my:
V1m= V1b /3 =430.2 /3 = 143.4 (m3).
+ ng knh my khuy ly: D = 1,5m.
+My khuy t cch y mt khong :h = D = 1,5m.
+ Chiu rng bn cnh khuy =
+Chiu di bn cnh khuy =
1
1
D = 1.5 0,3(m)
5
5
1
1
D = 1,5 0,375(m)
4
4
y b t dc 2 % v mt pha v t ng ng x kit thau ra, x cn

khi cn thit.
- Cng khuy trn xc nh theo iu 6.83 TCXDVN 33 -2006 nh sau: G1=
70s-1; G2=50s-1; G3=30s-1.
* Nng lng cn cho my khuy bc 1
- Cng sut tiu th cn thit ca my khuy bc 1:
P1 = G21 .V. (kW)
Trong :
+ G1 : Cng khuy trn ca my khuy bc 1. G1 = 70s-1
+ V : Th tch b trn (m3), V = 92,6 (m3).
+ : h s nht ca cht lng, = 0,0001
2
P1 = 70 92,6 0.001= 454 (J/s) = 0,454 (kW).
Vi hiu sut ng c =0,8. Cng sut ng c N1 = P1 / 0,8 = 0,567(KW).

- S vng quay ca my khuy bc 1:

Page 30
1/3
P
n1 = 1 5 (vng/pht)
K . .D
Trong :
+ P1: Nng lng cn thit truyn vo nc, P1 = 454 (W).
+ K: h s sc cn ca nc, vi cnh khuy nghing 450 , K = 1,08.
+ : khi lng ring ca cht lng, = 1000 (Kg/G/m3).
+ D: ng knh cnh khuy, D =1,5m.
n1 = (
= 0,57 (vng/s) = 34 (vng/pht).

P2 = G22.V. (kW)
2
P2 = 50 92,6 0.001= 232 (J/s) = 0,232(kW).
Cng sut ng c N2 = P2 / 0,8 = 0,29 (KW).

1/3
P2
n2 =
(vng/pht).
5
K . .D
n2 = (
= 0,45 (vng/s) = 27 (vng/pht).

P3 = G23.V. (kW)
2
P3 = 30 92,6 0.001= 83 (J/s) = 0,083 (kW).
Cng sut ng c N3 = P3 / 0,8 = 0,1 (KW).

1/3
P3
n3 =
(vng/pht).
5
K . .D
Page 31
n3 = (
= 0,32 (vng/s) = 19 (vng/pht).
Kt lun: B phn ng c kh c 2 b mi b c 3 ngn cc thng s tht k ca 1

b nh sau:
b (m)
L (m)
H (m)
Hbv (m)
Hxd (m)
20.1
4,3
0,5
4,8
B phn ng c trang b: 2 my khuy to bng bc 1 c cng sut ng c

0,56 KW v s vng quay ca my khuy l 34 (vng/pht); 2 my khuy to bng
bc 2 c cng sut ng c 0,29 KW v s vng quay ca my khuy l 27
(vng/pht). 2 my khuy to bng bc 3 c cng sut ng c 0,1 KW v s vng
quay ca my khuy l 19 (vng/pht). ng knh cnh khuy 1,5m.
II.4. Tnh ton thit k b lng Lamen.
II.4.1. Cu to b lng lamen.
Hnh 5.7 Cu to b lng Lamella

Ch thch:
1- Vng phn phi nc vo b lng.
2 - Vng thu cn.
Page 32
3- H thng gt cn
4 - Tm lng mng (lamen)
5- H thng ng thu nc sau lng.
6- Vng lng.
7- ng dn nc sau lng sang b lc.
II.4.2.tnh ton b lng lamen.
(Vic tnh ton b lng da trn cun X l nc cp cho sinh hot v cng
nghip ca tc gi - TS Trnh Xun Lai (NXB Xy Dng, 2004; Chng 6, mc
6.3.4).
II.4.2.1.C s tnh ton:
- B lng lamen cng ging nh b lng thng v cng gm 3 vng:
+Vng phn phi nc
+Vng lng
+Vng tp trung v cha cn
- c im ca b lng lamen:
+Vng lng c chia thnh nhiu lp mng vi khong khng gian nh
hp, nh cc tm c t nghing. Khi dng cc tm ln sng hoc tm phng
th tin lp rp v qun l hn. Dng cc ng th chc chn hn v m bo kch
thc c ng u hn v tc dng chy c th tng hn nhng li chng b
lng cn, tng khi lng cng tc ty ra. y dng cc tm c dng na lc
gic v khi ghp cc tm li th s to thnh khi ng c mt ct ngang nh nhng
ng lc gic ghp li. Nh vy s va m bo c tnh linh ng trong thi cng
cng nh bn xy dng khi hp khi cc tm.
+Khu vc lng c lp cc m-un dng khi hp ch nht. Cc m un
ny to nn bi s lp ghp ca cc tm Lamella nghing ( 60o ). Nhng tm
Lamella ny bng nha PVC cht lng cao. Hai tm Lamel ghp li vi nhau s
cho ra nhng ng hnh lc gic ( dng ging nh t ong ).
Page 33
-Tc dng v c ch ca qu trnh lng:

+Nc t b phn ng vo b lng s chuyn ng gia cc bn vch ngn
nghing theo hng t di ln v cn lng xung n b mt bn vch ngn
nghing s trt xung theo chiu ngc li v dng tp hp ln tp trung v h
thu cn, t theo chu k x i. Cht ni c tp trung v khoang trng gia cc
tng v dn i theo mng chm.
+Khi gim chiu cao lng th gim chy ri ca dng chy t do, gim
c dao ng ca thnh phn tc thng ng ca dng nc. Kt qu l tng
h s s dng dung tch v gim c thi gian lng( ch cn mt vi pht).
II.4.2.1Tnh ton cc kch thc ca b lng.
Theo s tnh ton, trong khong thi gian lng T, ht cn chuyn ng t A
n B. Qu o AB c th phn tch thnh chuyn ng t A n C vi tc vtb
ca dng nc v t C n D vi tc ri cn u0. C th xc lp cc tng quan:
Hnh 5.10 S tnh ton ng lng

AC

H0
h
v tb .T
sin tg
Page 34
CD
h
u 0 .T
cos
v tb H 0
cot g cot g . cos

u0
h
Do :
v tb
H
cot g ( 0 cos )
u0
h
Hay
Nu gi din tch b mt lng l F v lu lng nc x l l Q, tc ca dng

nc i ln theo phng thng ng v0 l:
v0
v
Q
tb
F sin
vtb - Tc trung bnh ca dng nc i ln

theo vch ngn nghing.
Vy :
vtb
Q
F sin
Thay vtb vo cng thc trn ta c:

u0
Q
h
.
cos ( H 0 h cos ) F
Trong h c gi tr bng 0,05 - 0,15m v

H0=1-1,5(m). T phng trnh trn cho thy
cng vi lu lng nc x l v vng tc lng cn u 0, b lng lamella vi
dng chy ngc chiu s c din tch b mt b hn so vi b lng ngang.
Khi tnh ton b lng Lamella cng da trn 2 ch tiu c bn ban u l tc
lng cn u0 v gc nghing ca cc vch ngn song song (thng ly t 450-600).
m bo khng gian phn phi nc u vo cc lng, khong cch phn
di cc vch ngn ly l 1,0-1,2(m). Chiu cao vng cha cn thng ly t 1,01,5(m). Lp nc trn b mt tnh t m p cc vch ngn nghing ly ln hn
0,5(m)( m bo thu nc u. Nc b lng c din tch mt ln cn phi thit
k h thng thu nc b mt bng cc mng hoc ng.
Page 35
Hnh 5.11 Kch thc ng
lng(mm)
Tnh ton kch thc cng trnh:
- Chn cc thng s c bn:

+Tm mng: Chn loi tm nha, c phn ln sng hnh lc gic, khi
ghp cc tm li vi nhau thnh khi s to thnh cc hnh ng. Vi chiu cao h=
52(mm), d=60(mm). Chiu di mi tm L =1(m).
+Tit din hnh ng:
f= 5230 + 5215=2340 (mm2) = 0,00234(m2)
+Chu vi t: c = 630 = 180 (mm) = 0,18(m)
+Chiu di ng: Lo = 1(m)
+Gc nghing : chn = 600.
+Vn tc lng Uo chn theo bng 6.9 (TCXDVN33-2006) chn Uo = 0,45
(mm/s).
+ Chiu cao khi tr lng: H= L.sin 600= 10,867 = 0,867(m)
Theo , ta c:
Page 36
Cng sut nc i vo b lng:

QL Q
Trong :
QL- Cng sut nc vo b lng
Q - Cng sut thit k. Q = 62000 (m3/ng).
- H s d phng. Chn = 1,05
Vy ta c QL = 1,05 62000 = 65100 (m3/ng) = 0,753 (m3/s)
Din tch mt bng b lng:
uo
Q
h
F H.cos + h.cos 2
(Cng thc 6.28 sch X l nc cp cho sinh hot v cng nghip ca tc

gi - TS Trnh Xun Lai)
Trong :
uo : Tc lng ca ht cn; uo = 0,5(mm/s) = 5.10-4 (m/s).
h: Kch thc tit din ng lng.
H: Chiu cao khi tr lng
= 60o; cos = 0,5;
Ta c :
F=
= 175.4 (m2)
- Chn s b lng l 2 n nguyn.Din tch mt bng 1 b l F1 = 87.7 (m2).

-Chn chiu rng 1 b l B1 = 5 (m) => chiu di 1 b l L1 = 87.7/5 = 17.54
(m), lm trn 17.6(m).
- Din tch thc ca 1 b : F1 = 5
17.6 =88 (m2).
- Chiu di phn phn phi nc u b v khu vc b tr my gt cn cui b,

chn theo cu to v kch thc my gt cn. Chn chiu di phn phn phi L2 =
2m; phn cui b L3 = 3m (vng thu cn). Tng chiu di xy dng ca b lng
Page 37
L = L1+L2+L3 = 17.6 + 2 + 3 = 22.6 (m)

- Chiu di vng n nh L chnh l khong cch gia vch ngn c l n
tng ng lng.
+Tc thc t ca ht cn:
u0 =
=
= 4,98.
(m/s)
+Vn tc nc chy trong cc ng lng:

v0 =
+Bn knh thy lc. R=
= 4,9.
(m/s).
= 0,013 (m).
Vi: f tit din ng lng.

c chu vi t ca ng lng.
+S Reynon : Re =
Trong :
v0 vn tc nc chy trong ng lng.
R bn knh thy lc.
h s nht dng hc ca nc. t0 = 250C, = 0,9110-6 m2/s .
Re =
= 70 < 200.
Vy nc trong ng lng ch chy tng.

Chun s Froude:
Fr =
= 1,9.
>
Dng chy trong ng lng l chuyn ng n nh.
X cn: Ta dng phng php gt cn bng c kh v x cn bng thu lc.

Th tch vng cha cn ca 1 b c xc nh theo cng thc:

Page 38
Wc =
T .Q.(Cmax m)
.N
(m3).
Trong :
T: Chu k gia hai ln x cn, ly T = 8(h).
Q: lu lng nc vo b lng (m3/h). Q = 62000(m3/ng) = 2583,33 (m3/h).
Cmax = 613,18 (mg/l). y l hm lng cn ca nc ngun sau khi cho
ho cht vo.
m: Lng cn cn li sau b lng. Theo quy phm ly m = 10 (mg/l).
: Nng trung bnh ca cn khi c gt v h thu cn.
Vi T = 24h ta ly = 60000 (g/m3).
N: S lng b lng. N=2.
Wc =
8 2583,33 (613.8 10)

= 311.9(m3).
60000.2
Ti mi b lng s b tr 02 hnh chp thu cn. Th tch hu ch mi hnh

chp Wc = 623.9/2 = 155.95(m3). Kch thc y mi hnh chp chn l 66 m(d
hp khi vi b lng).
- Chiu cao vng cha cn:
Hc =
Wc
155.95
= 2.2(m).
2 (6 6) 2 (6 6)
Vi h thu cn y c kch thc 3317.3 m.

Tnh chiu cao b lng:
+Chiu cao phn nc trong trn cc ng lng: h1 = 1,2 m;
+Chiu cao t tm lng nghing: h2 = 0,867 ~ 0.9 m
+Chiu cao phn khng gian phn phi nc di cc ng lng nghing:
h3 = 2 m (lp t thit b gt cn c kh).
- Phn cui b :
HXD = h1+ h2+ h3+ Hc+ HDT = 1,2 + 0,9 + 2 + 2,0+0,5 = 6,6 (m)
Trong :
Page 39
h1 : Chiu cao phn nc trong trn cc khi tm lng lamella.

h2 : Chiu cao khi tm lng lamella.
h3 : Chiu cao vng lng di cc tm lamella.
Hc : Chiu cao vng cha cn b lng
HDT : chiu cao d tr, ly bng 0,5 (m).
- Phn u b:
HXD = h1+ h2+ h3+ HDT = 1,2 + 0,9 + 2,0 +0,5 = 4,6 (m)
Tnh ton mng thu nc lng:
Thu nc lng dng mng thu t trn sut chiu di b lng. Ti mi b dng
hai mng thu, t cch thnh 1,0m. Khong cch gia hai mng thu l 1,4m.
Lu lng nc ti mi mng thu l: q
0,324
0,081m3 / s
2 2
Tc nc ti cui mng thu V = 0,7m/s

Tit din t ca mng cn f
q 0,081
0,115m2
V
0,7
Chn chiu rng B = 0,4m, H = 0,4m

Dc hai bn thnh mng t tm th p c rng ca thu nc lng, chiu
cao ca rng ca l 100mm.
Lu lng nc thu qua mng ch V: q0 1,4 h5/ 2
Vi chiu cao nc trung bnh qua mng ch V l h = 0,05m th lu lng
qua mi mng:
q0 1,4 0,055/ 2 7,83 104 m3 / s
S lng rng ca trn mt thnh mng:
q
0,081
94,72
2q0 2 7,83 104
B tr 95 rng ca trn mi thnh mng. Khong cch gia cc rng ca

trung bnh l 189mm. Trn mi mng trn ch V c cc l gn bulng vo thnh
mng. Mng thu nc c th iu chnh cao khi cn thit.
Page 40
Mng thu nc chung cui b lng tnh vi tc nc l V = 0,7m/s.

Tit din t ca mng: F = f 2 2 = 0,46 m2.
Kch thc mng: B H = 0,7 0,7 m.
H thng thu nc sau lng:
Phn thu nc sau lng dng h thng mng x khe ch V t theo sut chiu
di b lng (l=13m), ti trng thu ly q=2 l/s.m (mc 6, phn 6.2.2 x l nc
cp cng nghip v sinh hot-Trnh Xun Lai) di m p mng, mng thu c 2 pha,
tng chiu di mng l:
L=
Cng sut lng:Q = 40000 (
=
/ng)= 0,46 (
= 115 (m).
/s).
Khong cch tim mng a=1,5 m(v chiu rng mi b lng l 4,2 m)
Tim mng cch tng dc a=1 m.
m bo thu u nc trn ton b chiu di mng, cu to pha ngoi
thnh mng phi gn cc tm iu chnh chiu cao m p mng bng th p khng g,
x khe hnh ch V, gc y 900. Chiu cao hnh ch V l 5 cm, y ch V l 10
cm, mi m t di c 5 khe ch V, khong cch gia cc nh l 20 cm.
Lu lng nc qua 1 khe ch V:
5
q0 1,4.h 2
trong : h- chiu cao mc nc trong khe ch V(m)

X cn:

Page 41
Ta dng phng php gt cn bng c kh v x cn bng thu lc. Th tch

vng cha cn ca 1 b c xc nh theo cng thc:
Wc =
T .Q.(Cmax m)
.N
(m3).
(Cng thc 6.10-mc 6.68-TCXDVN 33-2006)

Trong :
T- Chu k gia hai ln x cn, ly T = 8(h).
Q- lu lng nc vo b lng (m3/h). Q = 62000 (m3/ng) = 2583.33
(m3/h).
Cmax = 613,18 (mg/l). y l hm lng cn ca nc ngun sau khi
cho ha cht vo.
m- Lng cn cn li sau b lng. Theo quy phm ly m = 10 (mg/l).
-Nng trung bnh ca cn khi c gt v h thu cn. Tra bng 6.8
TCXDVN 33-2006.
Vi T = 8h ta ly = 35000 (g/m3).
N- S lng b lng. N=2.
Wc =
= 178 (
).
Ti mi b lng s b tr 02 hnh chp thu cn. Th tch hu ch mi hnh

chp Wc = 178/2 = 89(m3). Kch thc y mi hnh chp chn l 3 3m(d hp
khi vi b lng).
- S lng bn tch li b lng sau mt ngy tnh theo cng thc sau:
G
Q (C max C1 )
= 36190.8(kg).
1000
Trong :
- G : Trng lng cn kh (kg).
- Q: lng nc x l, Q= 62000(m3/ng).
- CMax : Hm lng cn sau b trn. Cmax = 613.8 (mg/l)
- C1: Hm lng cn yu cu sau b lng (mg/l). Theo iu 6.61
Page 42
TCXDVN 33 - 2006 th C = 10 (mg/l).

- Chiu cao vng cha cn:
Hc =
= 4.9 (m).
Chiu cao xy dng b lng:

- Phn cui b :
HXD = h1+ h2+ h3+ Hc+ HDT
= 0,8 + 0,9 + 1.5 + 4,9+0,5 = 8,6 (m)
Chn HXD = 8,6 (m).

Trong :
h1 - Chiu cao phn nc trong trn cc khi tm lng lamella.
h2 - Chiu cao khi tm lng lamella.
h3 - Chiu cao vng lng di cc tm lamella.
Hc - Chiu cao vng cha cn b lng
HDT - chiu cao d tr, ly bng 0,5 (m).
- Phn u b:
HXD = h1+ h2+ h3+ HDT = 0,8 + 0,9 + 1.5 +0,5 = 3.7 (m).
Chn HXD = 3.7 (m).
Tnh ton lu lng nc x cn b lng:
- Lng nc dng cho vic x cn 1 b lng tnh bng phn trm lu lng
nc x l, c xc nh theo cng thc:
P
K P Wc N
100%
q T
(Cng thc 6.12-mc 6.68-TCXDVN 33-2006)

Trong :
+ Wc -Th tch vng cha v n n cn. Wc = 178 (m3).
+ KP - H s pha long cn. Gt cn bng c kh chn Kp = 1,2.
+ N - s lng b lng. N = 2.
+ T- thi gian gia 2 ln x cn (h). T= 8 (h).
Page 43
+ q- Lu lng nc tnh ton (m3/h). q = 2583.33 (m3/h).

P=
100 = 2.06%
- Vy lu lng nc dng cho vic x cn 2 b lng, tnh theo th tch nc

gia cc ln x (8h) l:
= 2.06%
60000 = 1236 (
).
Vy lu lng nc dng cho vic x cn 2 b lng trong mt ngy m l:

=
=3708 (
).
Chn thi gian x cn ca b lng l t = 20 pht (mc 6.74- TCXDVN 33-2006).

Lu lng mt ln x l: Q1ngnX =
= 0,515 (
).
ng knh ng x cn l :
Dx=
= 0,43 (m)
(Chn vn tc x Vx=1,5m/s.mc 6.74 TCXDVN 33-2006)

Chn Dx= 450(mm). m bo yu cu D >150mm
1N
Vn tc x thc t l : Vx = 4 Q 2 =1,45 (m/s).
II.5. Tnh ton thit k b lc AquazurV.

II.5.1. Cu to b lc AquazurV c 2 mng thu nc ra lc.

Page 44
Hnh 5.12: S cu to b lc nhanh Aquazur- V

Ch thch:
1 - Mng ch V phn phi nc lc v nc qut b mt khi ra lc.
2 - Lp ct lc.
3 - Mng thu nc ra lc
4 - Lp si lc.
5 - Lp chp lc
6 - ng cp nc ra lc.
II.5.2. Tnh ton b lc AquazurV c 2 mng thu nc ra lc.
II.5.2.1. La chn mt s thng s.
- B lc mt lp vt liu lc l ct thch anh.
- dmin 0,7 (mm); dmax 1,6 (mm). dtd 0,75 (mm). ( Tra bng 6.11 TCXDVN
33-06)
- n tng i: e 30%.( Tra bng 6.13 TCXDVN 33-06)
- Chiu dy lp vt liu lc l: l 1,3 (m) .( Tra bng 6.11-TCXDVN 33-2006
Page 45
- H s khng ng nht K=d60/d10; d60 v d10 l ng knh mt sang (mm)

c 60% v 10% lng ct lt qua K= 1,5 . ( Tra bng 6.16 TCXDVN 33-2006)
- Vn tc lc: V = 7 (m/h) (Bnh thng)
Tc lc khi lm vic bnh thng: vbt 7 (m/h) ( Do b lc Aquazur c h
thng qu t b mt nn khi 1 b ra lc cc b khc khng phi lm vic tng
cng, do vy khi tnh ton b lc ta ch tnh vi vn tc lm vic bnh thng)
-Phng php ra lc: Ra lc bng nc v gi kt hp. (Theo mc 6.123
TCXDVN 33-2006) .Cng gi ra lc l: Wgio 60 (m3/m2h) (16,6 l/s), trong
2 pht. Ra kt hp nc, gi trong thi gian 5 pht vi cng gi 60 (m3/m2h)
(16,6 l/s), nc 10 (m3/m2h) (2,8 l/s). Sau , Cng nc ra thun tu l: Wn
24 (m3/m2h), cng qu t b mt 7 (m3/m2h), trong 4 pht.
II.5.2.2. Xc nh din tch mt bng v s lng b cng tc.
- Tng din tch mt bng ca b lc tnh nh sau:
F
Q
T .v bt
(m2)
Trong :
Q - Cng sut trm. Q = 62000 m3/ng.
T-Thi gian lm vic trong ngy ca b. T = 24 h.
vbt - Tc lm vic bnh thng ca b. vbt = 7 m/h.
Ta c:
S b lc : n=
= 369(m2)
=
=9.6
Chn s b lc l n= 10 b.
- Kim tra vn tc lc tng cng : vtc = 9,5 (m/h) ( Tra bng 6.11 TCXDVN 3306).
- Kim tra tc lc tng cng:
=
=8 < 9,5 (m/h).

Page 46
Nh vy s b lc n=10 l hp l.
- Din tch mi b l Fi
= 36.9 (m2).
- Chn b c 2 ngn lc,b rng mi ngn l 2.5 m.

- Chiu di mt ngn l :
L=
= 7.38 (m).
Tnh n kch thc mng thu nc gia b lc (0,6m) (tnh phn f), th
chiu rng ca mi b lc l :
B=2
2.5 + 0,6 = 5.6 (m).
Chn kch thc mi b : L B = 7.4
5.6 = 41.44
Din tch mi ngn lc:

= 6,2
3 = 18.6 (
).
18.6 = 37.2 (
).
Din tch lc ca 1 b:
=2
Chu k lc:
- Chiu dy lp vt liu lc l 1,3(m).
- Th tch ct lc bng:
= 1,3
37.2 =48.36 (
).
- rng ca lp ct lc bng 30% .

Th tch gi cn trong lp vt liu lc l:
Vcn = 0,3 Vct = 0,3 48.36 = 14.508 (m3).
+Vi vn tc lc : vtb = 7(m/h) cn cha c 1/4 th tch cc l rng (theo tng
kt ca phng th nghim cng ty T vn cp thot nc s 2).
+Th tch cha cn ca 1m3 ct lc: V= 0,3 1= 0,075 (m3)
Page 47
+Khi lng cn chim 3-4%(cn nh 3%):

G =30kg/m3 0,075 = 2,25(kg/m3)
+Tc lc 7m3/h, lp ct dy 1,2m, hm lng cn sau b lng theo iu 6.61
TCXDVN 33 2006 l12g/m3 , mi khi ct trong mt gi s phi gi li c
khi lng cn l g= 712 = 84g = 0,084kg.
- Chu k lc m bo cht lng: TL = 2,25/0,084 = 27h.
- cht m bo cht lng nc, Chn chu k lc l T = 24h <TL
- Vi T=24h, mi b s ln lt c ra trong 1 ngy.
Tnh ton chp lc.
- Thu nc lc qua sn b tng c gn chp

lc nha 20 c chui di, mt 50 chic/m2
t cch y b 1,0 m ( c th chui vo kim
tra). Tng din tch khe h ca chp lc ly
bng 0,6 0,8% din tch cng tc ca b lc
(theo iu 6.114 tiu chun thit k 20 TCN 3385).
S chp lc trong mt b lc l:
N = 58 Fb = 50 37.2=1860 chic.
Hnh 5 5. Chp lc di ui
- Cc chp lc cn c phn b u trn ton din tch ca sn b nhm phn

b u lng gi ra lc cng nh thu nc u trn ton din tch b. B tr 38 v
39 chp lc theo mi chiu ca b, khong cch gia cc chp lc l 131 mm,
khong cch chp lc ngoi cng n tng l 76,5 mm.
Mi chp lc c 20 khe h, mi khe h c kch thc l b = 12 0,5.
Din tch khe h ca mi chp lc:
fchp lc = 20 12 0,5 = 120 (mm2) = 0,00012 m2
Tng s chp lc s dng trong b l:
N = 38 39 = 1.482 chic.
Page 48
Tng din tch khe h ca chp lc mt b:

fchp lc = 1.482 0,00012 = 0,177 m2
.
= 0,6%
Nm trong khong 0,60,8% Theo (mc 3.4.1- X L Nc Cp-Ts.Nguyn

Ngc Dung)
Nh vy m bo tng din tch khe h theo quy phm.
II.5.2.3. Tnh ton h thng phn phi nc lc.
Chiu rng mng tp trung nc vo b chn
mng
=0,4-0,6 m/s. Chn
=0,8 (m). Vn tc nc trong
=0,6 m/s.
Chiu cao lp nc trong mng tp trung:

=
=1.49 (m).
Ca t mng tp trung sang mng phn phi:

=
Thit k ca c kch thc: B
=0,149 (
H=0,4
0,4 m.
Chiu rng mng phn phi nc vo b, chn

trong mng
=0,3-0,4 (m/s). Chn
).
=0,4 (m). Vn tc nc
=0,4 (m/s).
Chiu cao lp nc trong mng phn phi l:

=
=0,56 (m). Thit k mng cao 0,6m.
Ca t mng phn phi vo mng ch V.

=
=0,06 (
). (
Thit k ca c kch thc: B
=0,6-0,8 m/s ).
H=0,3
0,3 m.
ng thu nc sch ti b cha.

S dng mt ng chung thu nc t cc b lc v b cha. ng ng c
t trn cao trong khi b lc v thp xung khi ra b lc.
ng knh ng t 1 b ra ng thu nc sch chung l 400 mm.
Page 49
ng knh ng chung l.
=
(m).
Trong :
Q:Lu lng ton trm. Q=0,717 (
:Vn tc nc chy trong ng.
Vy
/s).
=1,1 (m/s).
=0,89 (m).
Chn ng knh ng l 800 (mm). Kim tra li tc nc chy :

=
=1,02 (m/s).
II.5.2.4. Tnh ton h thng phn phi nc ra lc.

Quy trnh ra lc. (Theo mc 6.123 TCXDVN 33-2006).
Bc 1: ng van dn nc lc ng thi m van x nc ra h mc
nc trong b lc.
Bc 2: Khi ng my bm gi, m van dn gi xo trn vt liu v r
cn. Lu lng bm gi 60m3/m2/h. Nc th vn tip tc cho vo lc to tc
dng qu t b mt v gim ti cho cc ngn lc khc vi lu lng 6m3/m2/h. Qu
trnh ny ko di 2 pht.
Bc 3: Gi nguyn my gi ang vn hnh, khi ng 1 my bm nc
ra vi lu lng 10 m3/m2/h. Lu lng ny c thit lp bng cch ng van
dn nc chnh trn ng ng ra v ch m van by-pass. Qu trnh ra vi gi
nc kt hp k o di 5 pht.
Bc 4: ng van gi, tt my bm gi, ng thi m van dn nc
chnh t my bm ra bt u qu trnh vt cn vi lu lng 24 m3/m2/h. Qu
trnh ny k o di t 4 pht. Sau , kha van dn nc ra, tt my bm ra, ng
van x nc ra tch nc cho chu k lc mi.
- Tng lng nc ra lc theo chu trnh ra lc nh trn l:
W=(
6
11 +
60

5+
4 ) 41.44= 146 (m3).

Page 50
Vn tc ca gi qua khe h:
Wg = 20 l/s.m2 = 0,02 m3/s.m2
=
= 2,22 (m/s).
Vn tc ca hn hp gi + nc qua khe h:
Ta c :
60 (m3/m2h) = 16,6 (l/s.m2).
10 (m3/m2h) = 2,8 (l/s.m2).
Wg+n = Wn2 + Wg = 16,6 + 2,8 = 19,4 (l / s. m2) = 0,0194 (m3 /s. m2).
=
= 3,28 (m/s).
Vn tc ca nc thun tu qua khe h:

Ta c :
24 (m3/m2h) = 6,67(l/s.m2).
Wn2 = 6,67(l / s. m2 ) = 0,00667(m3/s. m2).
Qn2 = Wn2 F = 6,67 30 = 200 (l/s).
=
= 1,1 (m/s).
Mng thu nc ra lc.

- H thng mng thu nc ra lc gm 1 mng chnh (mng tp chung) chy
theo chiu dc b, lng mng c dc 1% v pha mng tp trung.
- Phn b lc thnh 2 ngn. 2 mng chy theo chiu ngang ni vi mng chnh.
- nh cc mng c cng cao , m bo thu c nc u theo b mt b
lc.
+Chiu rng ca mng thu nc ra lc xc nh theo cng thc:
B m K .5
q 2m
(m)
(1,57 a) 3
Trong :
Page 51
K - h s ph thuc vo hnh dng ca mng, k 2,1

qm - lu lng nc ra tho theo mng (m3/s).
+Lu lng x nc ra lc tnh ton bng lu lng nc ra lc vi cng
ra lc 6,67( l/s.m2):
Qn2 = Wn2 F = 6,67 30 = 200 (l/s)=0,2(m3/s).
a : t s gia chiu cao phn ch nht vi mt na chiu rng mng, a 1,2
= 2,1
= 0,6 (m)
Chiu cao phn ch nht ca mng : H1 = 0,75 Bm 0,75 0,6 = 0,45(m).

Chiu cao phn tam gic ca mng : H2 = 0,5 Bm 0,5 0,6 = 0,3(m).
Chiu cao hu ch ca mng : H = H1+ H2 0,45 + 0,3 = 0,75 (m).
Chiu cao ton phn ca mng : Hm = H + = 0,75 + 0,1 = 0,76 (m).
: chiu dy y mng, = 0,1 (m)
Thit k mng c dc i= 0,01 v pha mng tp trung

Khong cch t b mt lp vt liu lc n m p trn mng thu nc:
Hm L . e 0,25 (m).
L : chiu dy lp vt liu lc, L 1,3 (m)
e : dn n tng i ca vt liu lc, e 30%
Hm 1,3 . 30% 0,25 0,64 (m).
Chiu cao mng pha mng tp trung : Hcm = 0,76 + 0,013 = 0,79 (m).
ng dn nc ra lc.
- Lu lng nc cn ra 1 b lc vi cng ra nc bng 5,56 (l/s.m2)
l: q = 166,8 (l/s).
- Theo 6.120 TCXDVN 33-2006, vn tc trong ng phn phi nc ra lc cho
ph p t: 1,5 2,0 (m/s) s b chn Vr 1,7 (m/s).
- ng knh ng tnh theo cng thc sau:

Page 52
dr
4.q
r
.v
r
0,387 (m)
Chn ng dn nc ra lc bng gang xm DN 400

ng x nc ra lc.
- ng x nc ra lc c ni t mng thu nc ra lc trong b xung
mng thot nc chung pha di. Vn tc trong ng dn v thot nc ra lc
theo 6.120 TCXDVN 33-2006 bng 1,5 2,0 m/s.
- Lu lng x nc ra lc tnh ton bng lu lng nc ra lc vi cng
ra lc 20 (m3/m2h) = 6,67 (l/s.m2).
- Lu lng nc qu t b mt vi cng bng 1,67 l/s.m l: 1,67 30 = 50,1
(l/s).
+Tng lu lng nc x l: q = 200 + 50,1 = 250,1( l/s).
+Chn vn tc qua ng x bng 1,7 m/s.
+ng knh ng thot nc ra lc l:
dr
4.q
r
.v
r
0,432 (m) .
- Chn ng thot nc ra lc l ng gang xm ng knh DN 400 mm.

ng x kit :
Chn ng knh ng x kit D = 150 mm theo cu to.
y b c dc 0,0005 v pha ng x kit.
Tnh ton h thng cp gi ra lc.
- Cng ra gi thun tu : Wg 60 (m3/m2h) = 0,01667(m3/m2.s)
- Chn vn tc gi trong ng gi l: Vg 20 (m/s).(Mc 6.122 TCXDVN 332006).
Lu lng gi cn cung cp:
qg Wg . Fb 0,01667 30 0,5(m3/s)
ng knh ng dn gi l:
Page 53
dg
0,17(m3/s)
Chn dg = 150mm.
II.5.2.5. Tnh ton chiu cao b lc.
- Chiu cao xy dng b lc:
HXD = h1 + h2 h3 + h4 + h5 + h6 (m)
(Cng thc 4-54 X l nc cp TS.Nguyn Ngc Dung).
Trong :
+ h1 : chiu cao t chp lc n y b, h1 = 1,0(m)
+ h2 : chiu dy lp vt si
h2 = 0,30 (m)
(bng 4-7 X l nc cp TS.Nguyn Ngc Dung).
+ h3 : chiu dy lp vt liu lc, h3 = 1,3(m)
+ h4 : chiu cao lp nc trn mt vt liu lc, h4 = 2,0 (m)
+ h5 : chiu cao bo v b, h5= 0,5 (m).
HXD =1,0 + 0,3 + 1,3 + 2,0 + 0,5 = 5,1(m).
II.5.2.6. Thit b iu khin tc lc.
Xi phng ng tm iu chnh tc
lc
Cu to: xem hnh v.
1. Xi phng ng tm
2. Van gi
3. Ct lc
4. Hm thu nc lc
Hnh 5 6. Xi phng ng tm
5. ng thu nc lc
6. Mng tp trung nc lc
C ch hot ng:
Page 54
Bt u chu k lc: tn tht p lc qua lp vt liu lc (VLL) cn nh, mc nc

trong b lc thp, phao h xung lm van gi m, p sut ti nh xiphng bng p sut
kh quyn, xiphng lm vic nh mt ng trn thun tu.
Trong qu trnh lc: tn tht p lc qua lp VLL tng dn, lu lng lc c xu
hng gim, nc trong b lc c xu hng dng ln, phao cng b nng ln lm cho van
gi b ng li dn dn. Khi p sut ti nh xiphng nh hn p sut kh quyn v
xut hin chn khng. ln ca p sut chn khng bng mc tng ca tn tht p lc
trong lp VLL, kt qu l tng tn tht p lc vn nh ban u v lu lng lc c
duy tr n nh.
Cui chu k lc: tn tht p lc qua lp VLL rt ln v p sut chn khng trong
xiphng cng rt ln dn n vic xut hin chn khng ngay trong lp VLL. ng h
o chn khng ti nh xiphng s ch n mt gi tr gii hn no gip ta quyt nh
ngng chu k lc v tin hnh thi ra.
II.5.2.7. Tnh ton sn phi vt liu lc.

- Th tch vt liu lc trong 1 b:
V = Fb . hVLL = 41.44 1,3 = 53.9 ~ 54 (m3).
- Thit k sn phi vt liu lc vi chiu cao phi bng 0,25 m.
Din tch sn phi : Fs = V / 0,25 = 54/ 0,25 = 216 (m2).
- Thit k 2 sn phi din tch 1 sn : F1s = Fs / 2 = 108(m2).
- Kch thc mi sn : a b = 30 3.6 (m).
II.5.2.8. Tnh ton h thng bm ra lc.
- Vi lu lng nc ra lc qr = 250,2 (l/s).
- p lc cn thit ca bm ra lc :
Hbr hhh htt hd hdt (m)

Trong :
- hd : Tng tn tht (k c tn tht p lc theo chiu di v p lc cc b )
trn ng ng dn t trm bm n b lc, s b ly hd = 2 (m).
- htt : Tng tn tht p lc qua b lc khi ra :
Page 55
htt = h + hlc + hs
Trong :
+ h : Tn tht qua h thng phn phi bng an lc s b ly h = 1,03 (m).
+ hsd : Tn tht p lc qua lp si hsd = 0,22 h Wn
= 0,22 0,30 10 = 0,66 (m).
+ hlc : Tn tht p lc qua lp vt liu lc:
hlc = (a + bW) L e =
Vi dtd = 0,9 a = 0,76, b = 0,017
htt = 1,03 + 0,66 + 1,157 = 2,847 (m).
II.5.2.9. Tnh ton sn phi bn.
Lng nc ra mt b lc nhanh:
= 146 (m3)
- Hm lng cn t b lc nhanh
Hm lng cn c trong nc trc khi vo b lc nhanh l : C1 = 12
(mg/l).
Hm lng cn c trong nc sau khi ra khi b lc nhanh l : C2 = 2
(mg/l).
Hm lng cn b gi li trong b lc nhanh l : CGL = 12 2 = 10
(mg/l).
Lng cn tch ly trong 1 ngy ca b lc nhanh :
GGL =
T Q b C GL
n
Trong :
Page 56
- GGL : Hm lng cn tch ly trong 1 ngy ca 1 b lc (mg)

- T : Thi gian lm vic ca b lc T = 24 gi.
- Qb : Lu lng nc ca mt b Qb = 146(m3/h)
- CGL : Hm lng cn b gi li trong b (mg/l)
- n : S ln ra b trong 1 ngy, n = 1.
GGL =
T Q b C GL
=
n
= 35.04 (kg/ngy)
C 10 b lc nn tng hm lng cn trong 1 ngy l 350.4 kg.

Tng lng cn kh trung bnh x ra trong mt ngy:
G = GLng + Gloc = 36190.8 + 350.4 = 36514.2 ( kg/ngy)
Lng bn kh to thnh sau 15 ngay:
Gnn =36514.2 15= 547713 (kg).
Trong thc t cn to thnh a ra sn phi nm trong hn hp vi nc u c
m 96% v sau khi phi m gim xung cn 80%. Vic tnh ton chiu cao
bn trong sn phi ta chn theo m trung bnh 88%
Vi bn m 80%, trong 100kg hn hp c 88kg nc, 12 kg bn.
Khi lng bn sinh ra trong 15 ngay l:
Gbn = Gnn + Gnc = Gn +
Vbn =
Gn
=547713 +
W
bun
= 4199133 (kg)
= 3817 (m3).
bun
: Khi lng ring ca bn long
=1.1 (T/m3).
Chiu cao bn trong sn mi sn phi l: 2,5 m

Ta c din tch cn thit ca sn phi bn:
F = 1526(m2).
Chn 2 h hnh ch nht kch thc mi h l B =35; L = 45m.
Page 57
- Chiu su sn phi: H = Hsi +Hchacn +hdtr =1,6 m.

Vi Hsi - Chiu cao lp si = 0,3m
Hchacn = 1 m.
hdtr - Chiu cao d tr =0,3m
- Thng xuyn tho lp nc trong trn mt lp bn lng ra khi h ra h
thng thot nc ca thnh ph.
Khi h cha y bn cn, em bm chm di ng, t vo h tp trung
nc u ra, bm ht nc lm kh lp cn cha trong h. Khi nng bn
kh t khong 25%, t trng bn
= 1,2t/m3 xc bn kh ra ngoi, sau chnh
sa li cc lp si v h ng rt nc y h, ri cho h tr li lm vic.
- Bn kh vt t h ln t chuyn i chn lp.
- Thng xuyn tho lp nc trong trn mt lp bn lng ra khi h ra h
thng thot nc ca thnh ph.
II.6. Tnh ton thit k cc cng trnh ph tr.
II.6.1. Tnh ton thit k trm kh trng.
Lng clo a vo kh trng, Lclo = 2 mg/l (t 2-3 mg/l - theo iu 6.162
TCXDVN 33-2006)
+ Liu lng clo dng trong 1 gi:
=
= 5 (kg/h)
+ Lng clo dng trong 1 ngy :

Qngclo = Q1hclo 24 = 5 24 = 120 (kg/ngy)
+ Lng clo dng trong 1 thng:
Qngclo = Qngclo 30 = 120 30 = 3600 (kg/thng)
Vcl = 3600 / 1,43 = 2517,4 (l)
Page 58
+ 1.43 trng lng ring ca clo

- Lng nc tnh ton cho Clorat lm vic ly bng 0,6 m3/kg Clo (theo iu
6.169 TCXDVN 33-2006)
Lu lng nc cp cho trm clo trong 1 gi :
Qclo = 0,6 . L1hclo = 0,6 . 5= 3 (m3/h)

- Chn 4 bnh clo loi 1000 (l), 3 bnh hot ng v 1 bnh d tr.
Xc nh dung tch b cha
Dung tch iu ha b cha ly s b bng 20%Qng = 0,2 60000 = 12000 m3
- Ct mt t ti v tr xy dng trm x l: Ztrm = 0,00 m
- B cha nc phn mng li xc nh xy 2 b vi kch thc 1 b 40
30 5,0 (m). Trong chiu cao lp nc trong b 4,8 (m).
B tr b cha theo kiu na ni na chm, 4,4(m) chm di t 0,4 (m) ni.
- Ct mc nc cao nht trong b cha l:
ZB.chamax = ZM + 0,4 = 0+ 0,4 = 0,4 (m)
- Ct y b cha:
Zy bc = ZM - 4,4 = - 4,4(m).
II.6.2. Kch thc cc cng trnh ph tr khc.
- Nh hnh chnh : 830 = 180 (m2)
- Phng bo v : 54 = 20 (m2)
- Phng th nghim : 612 = 60 (m2)
- Trm bin p v my pht in: 612 = 72 (m2)
- Kho cha vt liu v xng c kh v sa cha : 920 = 180 (m2)
- Nh t - xe my : 525 = 90 (m2)
II.6.3. Tnh ton cc cng trnh x l bn cn.
Page 59
II.6.3.1. S lng v hm lng nc thi ra lc.

a) S lng nc ra lc.
Theo tnh ton trm x l c ton b l 10 b lc nhanh, 2 b lng. Mi ngy 1
ln ra b lc, khi ra lc th ra lun phin tng b (mi ln ra mt b).
Lng nc ra mt b lc vi chu trnh ra lc nh nu trn l:
Wn (
W1 t1 W1 t1 W1 t1
3
) Fb (m )
60
60
60
Trong :
- W1, W2 , W3: Cng cc pha ra lc ln lt l : 6 (m3/m2.h), 10
(m3/m2.h), 24 (m3/m2.h).
- t1, t2 , t3: Thi gian ra lc ca cc pha : t1 = 4 pht, t2 = 6 pht, t3 = 4 pht
- Fb : Din tch mt b lc, Fb = 37.2 (m2)
W=(
6
11 +
60
5+
4 ) 37.2= 131.44(m3).
Lng nc cn ra 10 b l : 131.44 10 = 1314.4 (m3).

II.6.3.2. S lng v hm lng nc thi t b lng.
Lu lng nc dng cho vic x cn 2 b lng trong mt ngy m l:
=
= 3708 (
).
II.6.4. Tnh ton x l nc ra lc v bn cn t b lng.

II.6.4.1. Xc nh dung tch b iu ha lu lng.
- Th tch b iu ha c xc nh theo cng thc :
V = Q - qth.t (m3)
Trong :
Q : Lu lng nc t b lc.
Q = 106 10 = 1060 (m3/ng)
qth : Lu lng bm tun hon (m3/ng).
Page 60
Lu lng nc tun hon tnh m bo khi bm lm vic khng b

gin on khng nh hng n ch lm vic ca cc cng trnh x l.
qth 5%.Q TXL=5%
= 129.2 (m3/h).
- m bo bm ht nc ra lc trong 24 h
qth
W
(m3/h) =
24
= 44.2 (m3/h)
Chn qth = 50 m3/h.

- Vy dung tch b iu ha l :
V = 1060 50 = 1010 (m3).
Chn 2 b iu ha lu lng nn dung tch mt b l 505 (m3). Chn b c
dng hnh tr kch thc mi b HxD = 5,9 x 11m. Chiu cao bo v 0,4 m
HXD = 6,3m.
Xc nh hm lng ha cht s dng
tng hiu qu qu trnh keo t dng thm ha cht l phn nhm.
Theo TCXDVN 33-2006 th lng phn nhm cn thit keo t Pp = 130
(mg/l)
II.6.4.2. Tnh ton thit k b keo t v b lng.
* S cu to b
h1
D pu
h2
h3

Page 61
Hnh II.17. S cu to b keo t v b lng.

Page 62
Xc nh kch thc ca b :
- Din tch mt ngn phn ng xoy l :
Fth
Qt
(m2)
60 H f n
Trong :
t : Thi gian nc lu li trong b. Chn t = 18 pht (theo TCXDVN 332006, t = 1520).
Q : Lu lng nc x l 32,67 (m3/h).
h2 : Chiu cao b phn ng ly bng 0,9 chiu cao vng lng ca b lng
theo TCXDVN 33-2006 chiu cao vng lng 2,65 (m). Chn chiu cao vng
lng l 3,5 (m) th h2 = 0,93,5 = 3,15 (m).
- n : S b phn ng, n = 2.
= 1,55 (m2).
=
- ng knh ca ngn phn ng:
=
= 1,4 (m)
Xc nh tit din b lng :

- Th tch cng tc ca b lng c xc nh bng cng thc:
W Q t kh (m3 )
Trong :
t : Thi gian nc lu li trong b ly t = 0,75 h.
kh : H s khng iu ha gi. Ly kh = 1.
W= Q
kh = 32,67 0,75 1 =24,5(m3).
-Din tch tit din ngang ca vng lng c xc nh theo cng thc sau:
F .
Q
(m2)
3,6 Vh N
Trong :
Page 63
Q : Lu lng tnh ton, Q =32,67 (m3/h).

Vh : Tc tnh ton ca dng nc i ln. Theo TCXDVN 33-2006
chn Vh = 0,6 (mm)/s.
N : S b lng ng, N =2
: H s s dng dung tch b chn = 1,5.
= 11,3(m2)
F =1,5
- ng knh b lng xc nh theo cng thc :

=
= 4 (m)
Xc nh ng knh ng dn nc vo mi b :
Vi Q = 32,67 m3/h = 0,00907(m3/s).
- Vn tc trong ng l v = 0,9 (m/s) (theo TCXDVN 33-2006 )
=
= 80(mm)
II.7. Xc nh cao trnh trm x l.

II.7.1. Cao trnh b cha nc sch.
- Ct mt t ti v tr xy dng trm x l: Ztrm = 0.0 m
- B cha nc phn mng li xc nh xy 2 b vi kch thc 1 b 30
30 4,8 (m). Trong chiu cao lp nc trong b 4,8 (m).
B tr b cha theo kiu na ni na chm, 4,4(m) chm di t - 0,4 (m) ni.
- Ct mc nc cao nht trong b cha l:
ZB.chamax = ZM + 0,4 = 0+ 0,4 = 0,4(m)
- Ct y b cha:
II.7.2. Cao trnh b lc Aquazurv.
- Ct mc nc trong b lc Aquazurv l :
ZnB.lc= ZB.chamax + hB.lc + hngB.lc - B.cha (m)
Page 64
Trong :
hB.lc : Tn tht p lc trong b lc. Theo iu 6.355 TCXDVN 33-2006
hB.lc = 3,4 m.
hngB.lc - B.cha: Tn tht p lc trn ng ng dn t b lc n b cha,
hngB.lc - B.cha = 0,8 m.
n
B.lc
= 0,4+ 0,8 +3,4 =4,60 (m).
II.7.3. Cao trnh b lng Lamen.

-Ct mc nc trong b lc b lng Lamen l:
ZnB.lng= ZnB.lc + hB. lng + hngB.lng - B.lc (m)
Trong :
hB. lng: Tn tht p lc trong b lng. Theo iu 6.355 TCXDVN 33-2006
hB. lng = 0,5 (m).
hngB.lng - B.lc: Tn tht p lc trn ng ng dn t b lng Lamen n b
lc hngB.lng - B.lc = 0,5m.
n
B.lng
= 4,60 + 0,50 +0,50 = 5,60 (m).
II.7.4. Cao trnh b phn ng c kh

-Ct mc nc trong b phn ng c kh l:
ZnB.phn ng= ZnB.lng + hB. phn ng + hngB.phn ng - B.lng (m)
Trong :
hB. phn ng: Tn tht p lc trong b phn ng c kh. Theo iu 6.355
TCXDVN 33-2006 hB. phn ng = 0,2 (m).
hngB.phn ng - B.lng: Tn tht p lc trn ng ng dn t b phn ng c kh
n b lng Lamen. V b phn ng lin vi b lng nn hngB.phn ng - B.lng = 0
n
B.phn ng

= 5,60 + 0,2 + 0 = 5,80 (m).

Page 65
II.7.5. Cao trnh b trn c kh

Ct mc nc trong b trn c kh l:
ZnB.trn= ZnB. trn + hB. trn + hmngB.trn - B.phn ng (m)
Trong :
hB. trn: Tn tht p lc trong ni b b trn c kh. Theo iu 6.355
TCXDVN 33-2006 hB. phn ng = 0,1 m.
hmngB.trn - B.phn ng: Tn tht p lc trong mng dn t b n b phn ng
c kh. hmngB.trn - B.phn ng = 0,1m
n

B.trn
= 5,80 + 0,1 +0,1= 6,0 (m).
Page 66
MC LC:
CHNG I: NH GI CHT LNG NGUN NC V LA CHN
DY CHUYN CNG NGH.
I.1.Cht lng nc ngun v yu cu cht lng nc sau khi x l.
I.1.1.Cht lng nc ngun ....................................................................3
I.1.2.Yu cu cht lng nc sau khi x l.............................................4
I.2.La chn dy chuyn cng ngh.
I.2.1.Cc ch tiu x l .............................................................................7
I.2.2.Tnh ton liu lng ha cht a vo .............................................7
I.2.2.1.Xc nh lng phn dng keo t ........................................7
I.2.2.2.Xc nh mc kim ha .......................................................8
I.2.3.Kim tra n nh ca nc ..........................................................9
I.2.3.1.Kim tra kim ca nc sau khi x k.................................9
I.2.3.2.Kim tra kim ca nc sau khi keo t................................9
I.2.3.3.Hm lng cn ln nht sau khi a ha cht vo kim ha v
keo t..................................................................................13
I.2.4.La chn dy chuyn cng ngh.....................................................13
I.2.4.1. xut cc phng n dy chuyn cng ngh x l..............13
I.2.4.2.nh gi v la chn dy chuyn cng ngh...........................14

Page 67
CHNG II: TNH TON CC CNG TRNH TRONG DY CHUYN

CNG NGH PHNG N CHN.
II.1. Thit k h thng pha ch - nh lng d tr ho cht.
II.1.1. Tnh ton thit b pha ch phn.....................................................16
II.1.2. Tnh ton thit b pha ch vi sa.................................................23
II.2. Tnh ton thit k b trn c kh.
II.2.1. Cu to b trn c kh...................................................................26
II.2.2. Tnh ton b trn c kh................................................................26
II.2.2.1. Xc nh kch thc b trn...................................................27
II.2.2.2. Xc nh kch thc cnh khuy v lng lng cn thit cho my
khuy...............................................................................27
II.2.2.3. Tnh ton mng thu nc phn phi vo b phn ng...........29
II.3. Tnh ton thit k b phn ng c kh.
II.3.1. Cu to b trn phn ng kh........................................................29
II.3.2. Tnh ton b phn ng c kh.......................................................29
II.3.2.1. Xc nh kch thc b phn ng..........................................30
II.3.2.2. Xc nh kch thc cnh khuy v lng lng cn thit cho my
khuy...............................................................................31
II.4. Tnh ton thit k b lng Lamen.
II.4.1. Cu to b lng lamen...................................................................34
II.4.2. Tnh ton b lng lamen................................................................35
Page 68
II.4.2.1. C s tnh ton.......................................................................35

II.4.2.2. Tnh ton cc kch thc ca b lng....................................36
II.5. Tnh ton thit k b lc AquazurV.
II.5.1. Cu to b lc AquazurV c 2 mng thu nc ra lc.................47
II.5.2. Tnh ton b lc AquazurV c 2 mng thu nc ra lc..............48
II.5.2.1. La chn mt s thng s......................................................48
II.5.2.2. Xc nh din tch mt bng v s lng b cng tc...........49
II.5.2.3. Tnh ton h thng phn phi nc lc.................................51
II.5.2.4. Tnh ton h thng phn phi nc ra lc...........................53
II.5.2.5. Tnh ton chiu cao b lc.....................................................57
II.5.2.6. Thit b iu khin tc lc................................................57
II.5.2.7. Tnh ton sn phi vt liu lc...............................................58
II.5.2.8. Tnh ton h thng bm ra lc.............................................58
II.5.2.9. Tnh ton sn phi bn..........................................................59
II.6. Tnh ton thit k cc cng trnh ph tr.
II.6.1. Tnh ton thit k trm kh trng.................................................61
II.6.2. Kch thc cc cng trnh ph tr khc........................................62
II.6.3. Tnh ton cc cng trnh x l bn cn.........................................63
II.6.3.1. S lng v hm lng nc thi ra lc..............................63
II.6.3.2. S lng v hm lng nc thi t b lng.........................63
Page 69
II.6.4. Tnh ton x l nc ra lc v bn cn t b lng.....................63

II.6.4.1. Xc nh dung tch b iu ha lu lng.............................63
II.6.4.2. Tnh ton thit k b keo t v b lng..................................64
II.7. Xc nh cao trnh trm x l..........................................................67
II.7.1. Cao trnh b cha nc sch.....................................................67
II.7.2. Cao trnh b lc Aquazurv........................................................68
II.7.3. Cao trnh b lng Lamen..........................................................68
II.7.4. Cao trnh b phn ng c kh...................................................68
II.7.5. Cao trnh b trn c kh............................................................69

Page 70

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Đồ án xử lý nước cấp - nước mặt

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N MN HC X L NC CP THIT K TRM X L NC CP

Sau qu trnh hc tp v rn luyn ti trng Kin Trc H Ni, khoa th, di s dy

Knh chc cc Thy, C mnh khe v Thnh cng !

GVHD: THS. NGUYN THNH MU

TI LIU THAM KHO:

GVHD: THS. NGUYN THNH MU

CHT LNG NC NGUN V YU CU CHT LNG

Cng sut (m3/ng)

Vi khun E.coli (con/100ml

2. Yu cu cht lng nc sau khi x l.

GVHD: THS. NGUYN THNH MU

Ch tiu cm quan v thnh phn v c

Tng cht rn ho tan

cho c Borat v Axit boric

Hm lng Clorua (a)

Hm lng ng (Cu) (a)

Hm lng Bo tnh chung

GVHD: THS. NGUYN THNH MU

AOAC hoc SMEWW

TCVN 6224 - 1996

TCVN 6053 1995

Hm lng Hydro sunfua

TCVN 6002- 1995

TCVN 5991-1995 (ISO

Hm lng Thu ngn.

Hm lng Sunpht (a)

GVHD: THS. NGUYN THNH MU

AOAC hoc SMEWW

TCVN 6180 -1996

TCVN 6180- 1996

Chun bng KMnO4

La chn dy chuyn cng ngh.

1. Xc nh CO2 t do c trong nc ngun.

GVHD: THS. NGUYN THNH MU

2. Tnh ton liu lng ha cht a vo .

+ Hm lng phn xc nh theo hm lng cn nc ngun:

Liu lng phn khng cha nc dng

Cn c vo hm lng cn ca nc ngun C = 800 mg/l v theo Bng 6.3

- 3,7 + 1) = - 46,13 < 0

=> khng cn phi kim ha.

b) Kim tra n nh ca nc sau khi keo t

-Xc nh lng CO2 ca nc sau khi keo t:

: ng lng phn nhm ep = 57 mgl/l

CO2* = CO20 +44

Tra biu Langlier hnh H-6.2 trong TCXDVN 33:2006

J = pH* - pHs = 6,8 8,35 = -1,55

Vi ch s J va tnh = - 1,55 > 0,5

- : H s ph thuc n nh ca J v pH ca nc vi J = 1,55 , pH* =

- K: H s ph thuc vo tinh khit ca phn s dng. i vi phn nhm

Cn c vo kt qu cht lng nc sau khi x l s b:

- Hm lng cn max Cmax= 800 (mg/l).

C th a ra hai phng n dy chuyn cng ngh sau:

b) nh gi v la chn dy chuyn cng ngh.

Khng c on mch v chy ri b mt

GVHD: THS. NGUYN THNH MU

GVHD: THS. NGUYN THNH MU

: Nng dung dch phn trong thng pha,

- : Trng lng ring ca dung dch phn (T/m3), = 1 (T/m3)

Chn 2 b ho phn vi dung tch hu ch mt b l:

GVHD: THS. NGUYN THNH MU

Dung tch b tiu th tnh theo cng thc 6-4(TCVN 33-2006):

Chn 2 b tiu th vi dung tch 1 b l 15.28 (m3).

Wh : Cng sc kh trong b ha trn ly W = 10 (l/s.m2)

Fh : Din tch mt bng ca b pha phn. F = 2(1,5 1,5) = 4,5 (m2)