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Synthesis of nano sized hydroxyapatite powder using sol-gel technique and its
conversion to dense and porous bodies
Iis Sopyana,*, Ramesh Singhb & Mohammed Hamdic
a
Department of Manufacturing & Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia,
P.O. Box 10, 50728 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Email: sopyan@iiu.edu.my
b
Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University Tenaga Nasional, Malaysia
c
Department of Engineering Design and Manufacture, Faculty of Engineering, University Malaya, Malaysia
Received 13 May 2008; revised 20 October 2008
Hydroxyapatite powder has been prepared via sol-gel procedure using calcium nitrate tetrahydrate and diammonium
hydrogen phosphate as the precursors for calcium and phosphorus, respectively. XRD measurement shows that the powder
contains hydroxyapatite crystals with -TCP and calcium oxide as secondary phases. Hydroxyapatite powder of higher
purity, i. e., the correct Ca/P ratio, has been obtained by adding an appropriate amount of diammonium hydrogen phosphate
and heating with stirring. Morphological evaluation by SEM measurement shows that the particles of the HA are tightly
agglomerated and globular in shape with an average size of 1-2 m. The primary particulates have average diameters of
50-200 nm, as detected by SEM and nanoparticle sizer. Purity (almost 100%) of the obtained hydroxyapatite has been
confirmed by XRD analysis. Its performance has been tested by making dense and porous samples.
IPC Code: Int Cl.8 B82B3/00; C01B25/45; C01F11/00
SOPYAN et al.: SYNTHESIS OF NANO SIZED HYDROXYAPATITE POWDER USING SOL-GEL TECHNIQUE
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SOPYAN et al.: SYNTHESIS OF NANO SIZED HYDROXYAPATITE POWDER USING SOL-GEL TECHNIQUE
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Fig. 3 FTIR spectra of (a) dried gel HA and (b) sol-gel derived
HA powder.
Type of HA
powder
Sintering
temp. (C)
Flexural
strength
(MPa)
Apparent
density
(g/cm3)
Rel.
density
(%)
Sol gel
Commercial
1250
1250
57.7
36.0
2.855
2.810
90
89
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SOPYAN et al.: SYNTHESIS OF NANO SIZED HYDROXYAPATITE POWDER USING SOL-GEL TECHNIQUE
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