BAY CNG CU

KIM SOAT CHT LNG

7 cng cu c ban
1. Phiu kim tra (checksheet)
2. Lu (Flowchart)
3. Biu tn sut (Histogram chart)
4. Biu Pareto (Pareto chart)
5. Biu phn tich nhn qua (Cause and Effect
diagram Ishikawa diagram)
6. Biu phn tan (Scatter diagram)
7. Biu kim soat (Control chart)
Chi cn 3 cng cu, 80% vn co th c giai
quyt.
Vi 7 cng cu, 95% vn co th c giai quyt.

52

MT S KY THUT
KIM SOAT CHT LNG BNG THNG K
(Statistical Quality Control - SQC)

CAC SAI SOT,

KHIM KHUYT

Biu kim
soat (Control
chart)

PHN TICH
NGUYN NHN

Biu nhn qua

(Cause & Effect)

THU THP S
LIU-X/ TY L
CHO CAC N/N

Biu tn sut
(Histogram
chart)

LA CHON VN
U TIN
GIAI QUYT

Biu Pareto
(Pareto chart)

XUT
BIN PHAP
SA CHA

Lu
(Flowchart)

KIM TRA KT
QUA SA CHA

Biu kim
soat (Control
chart)

53

LU
FLOWCHART

LU LA GI?
Lu nhm chia nho tin trinh cng vi c moi
ngi co th thy tin hanh cng vi c ra sao va ai
(b ph n nao) lam.
Lu tin trinh, c trinh bay theo dang hang va
c t , cho bit phai lam cai gi trong cng vi c vaai
chiu trach nhi m cng vi c o.
LI ICH
Tai li u hoa m t cach ro rang cac hanh ng cn
tin hanh;
Giup xac inh cac im thu th p cac s li u quan
trong;
Giup xac inh cac im yu;
Giup thng at d dang.

54

XY DNG LU
Xac inh cac hanh n
g bt u va cac hanh n
g
kt thuc;
Xac inh cac nhn v t chinh tham gia;
Thng nht v mc chi tit;
Chi lin quan n cac hanh ng phai thc hi n.
Lu chi ra cai chung ta ANG LAM
ch khng phai cai NGHI RNG NN LAM
S DUNG
D kim soat cac tin trinh, nht la trong trng
hp thay i ho c cai tin tin trinh;
Giup ban d dang noi v cng vi c cua minh vi
nhng ngi khac.

55

CAC KY HIU VE LU
im bt u, im kt thuc
cua tin trinh
M t bc (cng vi c ), thng
chi co m t mui tn i ra
Kim tra-ra Q; thng co 2
mui tn chi hng i cua tin
trinh
Hng i, dong cng vi c
Tam ngng, lu kho tam thi

56

LIT K TH T CAC CNG VIC

Bc
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

Vi c gi?

Ai lam?

...

57

H s

LU LU C TRNG
Ly trng

Nu nc

Nc si?
Y

Bo trng vao
nc si

Canh 3

ung 3

Don trng

Vt trng

Boc vo trng

58

t vao dia

LU MA TRN
CUA QUY TRINH MUA HANG
B ph n mua

B ph n k toan

Thu kho

hang
Nh n Y/C
mua hang
Tim nha cung
cp t hang
Nh n hang

Thanh toan
Thu tuc
nh p kho

59

60

PHIU KIM TRA

Checksheet
Phiu Kim Tra La Gi?
La m t biu mu thu th p s li u m t cach co h
thng co cac cach ghi ho c cac ky hi u kim tra n
gian.
Li Ich
Thu th p s li u d dang phn tich, s dung v
sau.
Xy Dng Phiu Kim Tra
Biu mu c trinh bay theo loai thng tin mun thu
th p. Lu y cac vn sau:
Co vn gi xay ra? (WHAT happens?) Ai lam va ai
nh n s li u? (WHO?)
Xay ra ni nao? (WHERE) luc nao? (WHEN)
Xay ra nh th nao? (HOW)
S Dung
Luc nao cn thu th p s li u.

61

PHIU KIM TRA

Giai oan kim tra: thanh phm
L san phm: 01
S lng san phm kim tra: 100
Ngi kim tra:
Ngay kim tra:
Stt
1
2
3
4
5
6

Loai khim khuyt

Vao c
Vao vai
Ln lai
Lam khuy
Lam tui
Ct

Kt qua KT
C ng
///// ///// ////
14
/////
5
///
3
//
2
/
1
///
3
C ng
28

62

PHIU KIM TRA DNG SAI HNG

Thi gian t 01/01/2007 n 31/05/2007
S san phm kim tra: 1000 cai
K Sai hng S
hiu
b
SP b
phn
sai
hng
A Vo c
87
B Vo vai
75
C Ln lai
40
D Lm
30
khuy
E Lm ti
25
F Ct
23
Tng cng
280

Tn s
T l sai Tn s tch
tch ly
hng
ly t l sai
SP b sai
hng
hng
87
31,1
31,1
162
26,8
57,9
202
14,3
72,1
232
10,7
82,9
257
280

63

8,9
8,2
100

91,8
100

BIU PARETO
Y ngha p dung
Biu Pareto phan anh cac nguyn nhn tao ra vn , c
sp xp theo cac ti l va mc anh hng tac ng cua cac
nguyn nhn gy ra vn , qua o giup ban a ra cac quyt
inh khc phuc cac nguyn nhn mt cach hu hiu.

Cc bc c bn s dng biu Pareto:

1.
2.
3.

Xac inh cac loai sai hong;

Sp xp cac loai theo s lng t ln nht n nho nht;
Tinh tn s tich luy;

Xy dng biu
1/ K hai truc tung, mt u va mt cui truc hoanh.
2/ Truc bn trai c inh c theo n vi o, truc bn phai tinh t
l t 0 n 100%.
3/ V cac ct chiu cao.
4/ Lp ng tn s tich luy.

S dung
Xac inh cac vn quan trong nht cai tin

64

65

PHIEU KIEM TRA

NGUYEN NHAN BU KIEN B
TRA LAI XEP THEO TH T
Ky
hie
u

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

Sai hong bo
phan

So
la
n

So danh muc sai

58
oi gia khong
47
thong bao
Loi chnh ta ten
43
ngi nhan
Ch viet khong ro
31
Sai ve so lng
24
Sai ve gia tien
17
Khach ien ten
13
hang khong ro
a ch khong ung
10
anh nham so
7
Tong cong 250

66

Tan
so
tch
luy

T
le
ng/
nha
n

58 23,2
105 18,8

Tan
so
tch
luy
t
le
23,2
42,0

148 17,2

59,2

179 12,4
203
9,6
220
6,8
233
5,2

71,6
81,2
88,0
93,2

243
250

97,2
100

4,0
2,8
100