fib Model Code 2010

Punching of flat slabs:

Design example
Stefan Lips, Aurelio Muttoni, Miguel Fernndez Ruiz
Ecole Polytechnique Fdrale de Lausanne, Switzerland,
16.12.2011

Lips / Muttoni / Fernndez Ruiz / Ecole Polytechnique Fdrale de Lausanne, Switzerland

Basic data

1.1

Geometry (dimensions in [m])

Plan view

Spans: Lx = 6.00 m and Ly = 5.60 m

Slab thickness h:

25 cm

Cover concrete c:

3 cm

1.2
The material properties can be found in chapter 5 of model code 2010.

Section trough slab

and column

Material

Concrete C30

Steel B500S (flexural and transverse reinforcement)

fck

30 MPa

fyd

435 MPa

1.5

Es

200 GPa

dg

32 mm

Ductility class

1.3

Loads

Self-weight of concrete slab:

6.25 kN/m2

Superimposed dead load:

2 kN/m2

Live load:

3 kN/m2

g d + qd = 1.35(6.25 + 2) + 1.5 3 = 15.6 kN/m 2

Lips / Muttoni / Fernndez Ruiz / Ecole Polytechnique Fdrale de Lausanne, Switzerland

Level I of approximation (preliminary design)

Reaction forces
The goal of the preliminary design is to check if the dimensions of the
structure are reasonable with respect to the punching shear strength and if
punching shear reinforcement is needed.

Inner (C5):
Vd 692 kN
Corner (C1, C3): Vd 93 kN
Edge (C2):
Vd 265 kN

The reaction forces in the columns are estimated by using contributive areas.
(C4 and C6 are not governing
Vd 244 kN)

Control perimeter
The effective depth dv is assumed to be 200 mm.
Eccentricity coefficient (ke) are adopted from the commentary of 7.3.5.2

Inner column
(C5)
ke=0.9

Corner Column
(C1, C3)
ke=0.65

Inner:

b0 = ke ( 4 bc + d v ) = 0.90 ( 4 260 + 200 ) = 1501mm

Corner:

b0 = ke 2 bc + v
4

200

= 0.65 2 260 + 4

= 440 mm

Edge:

b0 = ke 3 bc + v
2

200

= 0.70 3 260 + 2

= 766 mm

Edge Column
(C2, C4, C6)
ke=0.7
Rotations

According to the commentary, the distance to the point where the radial
moment is zero rs can be estimated based on the spans.

rs ,x = 0.22 Lx = 0.22 6.0 = 1.32 m

By using the Level I approach, one can estimate the rotations.

x = 1.5

The maximum aggregate size of 32 mm leads to a factor kdg of

y = 1.5

k dg

32
32
=
=
= 0.67 < 0.75 k dg = 0.75
16 + d g 16 + 32

Lips / Muttoni / Fernndez Ruiz / Ecole Polytechnique Fdrale de Lausanne, Switzerland

k =

rs ,x f yd
d Es
rs , y f yd
d Es

rs , y = 0.22 Ly = 0.22 5.6 = 1.23m

= 1.5

1.32 435
= 0.0215 governing
0.200 200000

= 1.5

1.23 435
= 0.0200
0.200 200000

1
1
=
= 0.227 0.6
1.5 + 0.9 d k dg 1.5 + 0.9 0.0215 200 0.75

Shear strength without shear reinforcement

Inner:

Corner: VRd ,c = k
Edge:

f ck

V Rd ,c = k

c
f ck

V Rd ,c = k

f ck

b0 d v = 0.227

30
1501 200 10 3 = 249 kN Vd = 692 kN
1.5

b0 d v = 0.227

30
440 200 10 3 = 73 kN Vd = 93 kN
1.5

b0 d v = 0.227

30
766 200 10 3 = 127 kN Vd = 265 kN
1.5

The thickness of the slab has to be increased or the slab has to be shear
reinforced.
Shear reinforcement
To check if shear reinforcement and which system can be used, one can
calculate the minimal needed value of factor ksys.
VRd ,max = ksys k

f ck

Vd

b0 d v Vd ksys
k

f ck

=
b0 d v

Vd
VRd ,c

ksys depends on the performance of the used shear reinforcement system. The
model code proposes a value of ksys = 2.0 for system compliant with model
code detailing rules (7.13.5.3). Higher values (up to ksys = 2.8) can be used if
more restrictive detailing rules are adopted and if the placing of the transverse
reinforcement is checked at the construction site.

Inner:

k sys

Vd
692
=
= 2.78
VRd ,c 249

Corner:

k sys

Vd
93
=
= 1.27
VRd ,c 73

Edge:

k sys

Vd
265
=
= 2.09
VRd ,c 127

Conclusions
Inner column: Shear reinforcement is necessary and sufficient (accounting for
the values of ksys) to ensure punching shear strength
Corner columns: Shear reinforcement might probably not be necessary. This has
to be confirmed by a higher level of approximation.
Edge columns: Shear reinforcement might probably be necessary.
The thickness of the slab is sufficient if shear reinforcement is used.

Lips / Muttoni / Fernndez Ruiz / Ecole Polytechnique Fdrale de Lausanne, Switzerland

The moments and the reaction forces have been calculated with a finite
element software. For the analysis, a linear-elastic model has been used.
The moment Md is the vector addition of the moments in x- and y-direction.
Md = M

2
d ,x

+M

2
d ,y

Level II of approximation (typical design)

3.4

Structural analysis and flexural design

Summary of the column reactions

Column

Rd [kN]

Md,x, [kNm]

Md,y [kNm]

111
266
112
252
664
246

25
42
25
3
8
5

22
0
22
36
1
34

C1
C2
C3
C4
C5
C6

For a level II approximation, one has to know the flexural reinforcement. It

was designed on the basis of the previous finite element analysis.

The flexural strength can be calculated according to the Model Code. In this
example, however, the flexural strength has been calculated assuming a rigidplastic behavior of concrete and steel:
f yd
mRd = d 2 f yd 1

2 f cd

Lips / Muttoni / Fernndez Ruiz / Ecole Polytechnique Fdrale de Lausanne, Switzerland

Md [kNm]
33
42
33
36
8
34

Reinforcement sketch

Flexural strength
10 @200 mm

mRd = 35 kNm/m

d = 210 mm

10 @100 mm

mRd = 69 kNm/m

d = 210 mm

10 @200 mm / 16 @200 mm

mRd = 115 kNm/m

d = 204 mm

3.5

Shear design inner column C5

Design shear force

The design shear force Vd is equal to the column
reaction force Nd minus the applied load within the
control perimeter (gd + qd)Ac.

Ac = bc2 + 2 bc d v +

dv 2
0.2042
= 0.262 + 2 0.26 0.204 +
= 0.21 m 2
4
4

Vd = N d ( g d + qd ) Ac = 664 15.6 0.21 = 661 kN

Control perimeter
In case of inner columns, the centroid of the column corresponds to the
centroid of the control perimeter. Therefore,

eu =

Md
8 106
e =
0 = 12 mm
661 103
Vd

ke =

1
1
=
= 0.98
1 + eu bu 1 + 12 513

e = 0

bu =

Ac =

206 103 = 513mm

b0 = ke b1 = ke ( 4 bc + d v ) = 0.98 ( 4 260 + 204 ) = 1642 mm

Rotations
The distances rs,x and rs,y are the same as for the Level I approximation.

rs ,x = 1.32 m

rs , y = 1.23m

bs = 1.5 rs , x rs , y = 1.5 1.32 1.23 = 1.91m

kdg is calculated at Level I.

Lips / Muttoni / Fernndez Ruiz / Ecole Polytechnique Fdrale de Lausanne, Switzerland

msd ,x =

Vd M d , x Vd ex
661
8
+
=
+
= 85 kNm/m
8
2 bs
8
2 1.91

msd , y =

Vd M d , y Vd ey
661
1
+
=
+
= 83kNm/m
8
2 bs
8
2 1.91
1.5

r f m
x = 1.5 s ,x yd sd
d Es mRd , x

1.5

1.32 435 85

= 0.0133 governing
= 1.5
0.204 200000 115

r f m
y = 1.5 s , y yd sd
d Es mRd , y

1.5

1.23 435 83

= 0.0121
= 1.5
0.204 200000 115

k =

1.5

1
1
=
= 0.300 0.6
1.5 + 0.9 d k dg 1.5 + 0.9 0.0133 204 0.75

Punching strength without shear reinforcement

The punching shear strength of the concrete is not sufficient. Consequently,
shear reinforcement is necessary.

f ck

V Rd ,c = k

b0 d v = 0.300

30
1642 204 10 3 = 367 kN Vd = 661 kN
1.5

Punching strength with shear reinforcement

Firstly, one has to check if the design shear force Vd is smaller than the
maximum punching strength VRd,max. This is done assuming ksys=2.

VRd,max = k sysVRd ,c = 2 367 = 734 kN

The design shear force Vd is below the maximum punching strength VRd,max.
Therefore, the slab can be reinforced with shear reinforcement complying
with detailing rules defined in subclause 7.13.5.3.

VRd,max = 734 kN Vd = 661kN

swd =

The bond strength is taken as fbd = 3 MPa (according to MC 2010 for

corrugated bars).

E s
6

Assuming a circular control perimeter for the estimation of the eccentricity,

factor ke can be estimated as detailed in the right hand side column.
Possible shear reinforcement layout:

b0 d v = 1223 kN

f
d 200000 0.0133
3 204
1 +

1 + bd =

f ywd w
6
435 8

Vd VRd ,c
(661 367 ) = 690 mm 2
=
k e swd sin 0.98 435 sin (90)

Asw,min =

In this example, the calculating value of the effective depth dv is equal to the
effective depth d minus the concrete cover c on the bottom surface of the
slab: d v ,out = d c = 204 30 = 174 mm

swd = 521 MPa > f ywd = 435 MPa

Asw =

To avoid a failure outside the shear reinforced area, the outer perimeter need
to have a minimal length. The design shear force can be reduced to account
for the loads applied inside the outer perimeter. This effect is neglected as a
safe estimate.

f ck

0.5 Vd
0.5 661
= 779 mm 2 governing
=
k e swd sin 0.98 435 sin (90)

Vd

b0 =
k

f ck

=
d v ,out

661 10 3
30
0.300
174
1.5

rout =

b0
3468
=
= 552 mm
2
2

bout =

b0 3468
=
= 3505 mm
0.99
ke

ke =

= 3468 mm

1
1 + eu 2rout

1
= 0.99
1 + 12 (2 552)

sw = 8@100@100 = 0.50%
2
Asw = w 4 bc d v + d v2 4 bc 0.35d v ( 0.35d v )

2
Asw = 0.005 4 260 204 + 2042 4 260 0.35 204 ( 0.35 204 )

2
2
Asw = 1263mm > 774 mm

bout = 4 800 + 174 = 3746 mm > 3505 mm

Lips / Muttoni / Fernndez Ruiz / Ecole Polytechnique Fdrale de Lausanne, Switzerland

3.6

Shear design corner column C1 and C3

Design shear force

The design shear force Vd is equal to the column reaction
force Nd minus the applied load within the control perimeter
(gd + qd)Ac.

Ac = bc2 + 2 bc

dv dv 2
0.2102
+
= 0.262 + 0.26 0.210 +
= 0.13 m2
2 16
16

Vd = N d ( g d + qd ) Ac = 112 15.6 0.13 = 110 kN

Control perimeter
ex = ey =

d
3
bc + v

4
2

3
bc 1
2 = 4 bc + 2 d v

ex = ey =

1
3 1
3

bc + d v = 260 + 210 = 144 mm

4
2 4
2

e = ex 2 = 144 2 = 203mm
eu =

Md
33 106
e =
203 = 97 mm
Vd
110 103

ke =

1
1
=
= 0.81
1 + eu bu 1 + 97 408

bu =

Ac =

131 103 = 408mm

b0 = ke b1 = ke 2 bc + v = 0.81 2 260 + 210 = 554 mm

4
4

Rotations
The distances rs,x and rs,y are the same as for the Level I
approximation.
In case of corner columns, the width of the support strip
may be limited by the distance bsr.

rs ,x = 1.32 m

rs , y = 1.23m

bs = 1.5 rs , x rs , y = 1.5 1.32 1.23 = 1.91m

bsr = 2 bc = 2 0.26 = 0.52 m governing
msd ,x =

Vd M d , x Vd ex 110 25 110 0.144

V
110
+
=
+
= 31kN < d =
= 55 kN
8
8
0.52
2
2
bs

msd , y =

Vd M d , y Vd ey 110 22 110 0.144

V
110
+
=
+
= 25 kN < d =
= 55 kN
8
8
0.52
2
2
bs

r f m
x = 1.5 s ,x yd sd ,x
d Es mRd , x

Lips / Muttoni / Fernndez Ruiz / Ecole Polytechnique Fdrale de Lausanne, Switzerland

1.5

1.5

1.32 435 55
= 0.0146 governing
= 1.5
0.21 200000 69

r f m
y = 1.5 s , y yd sd , y
d Es mRd , y

kdg is calculated at Level I.

k =

1.5

1.5

1.23 435 55
= 0.0136
= 1.5
0.21 200000 69

1
1
=
= 0.280 0.6
1.5 + 0.9 d k dg 1.5 + 0.9 0.0146 210 0.75

Punching strength without shear reinforcement

The punching shear strength of the concrete is sufficient. Thus, no shear
reinforcement will be necessary

f ck

VRd ,c = k

b0 d v = 0.280

30
554 210 10 3 = 119 kN > Vd = 110 kN
1.5

Integrity reinforcement
Since no shear reinforcement has been used and msd < mRd, integrity
reinforcement needs to be provided.

As =

For the design of the integrity reinforcement, the accidental load case can be
used. Thus, the design load can be reduced.

Vd ,acc

(g

+ qd )acc = 1.0(6.25 + 2) + 0.6 3 = 10.1kN/m 2

Vd ,acc =

(g

+ qd )acc

g d + qd

10.1
Vd =
110 = 71kN
15.6

The material properties can be found in chapter 5 of model code 2010.

Ductility class B : (ft/fy)k = 1.08
It is assumed that only straight bars will be used, thus ult = 20.
With respect to integrity reinforcement, two restrictions should be fulfilled:

Vd ,acc
71 103
=
= 442 mm 2
f yd ( f t f y )k sin ult 435 1.08 sin (20)
f ck

bint d res =

30
464 168 = 285 kN
1.5

2x2 12 As = 452 mm2 (2 in each direction with a spacing of 100 mm)

d res = h 2 c top bottom = 250 2 30 10 12 = 168 mm
bint = 2 sint +

d res = 2 100 +

168 = 464 mm

int = 12 mm 0.12d res = 0.12 168 = 20 mm

-the integrity reinforcement should at least be composed of four bars

-the diameter of the integrity bars int has to be chosen such that
int 0.12 dres

Lips / Muttoni / Fernndez Ruiz / Ecole Polytechnique Fdrale de Lausanne, Switzerland

3.7

Shear design edge column C2

Design shear force

The design shear force Vd is equal to the column reaction
force Nd minus the applied load within the control perimeter
(gd + qd)Ac.

Ac = bc2 + 3 bc

dv dv 2
3
0.212
+
= 0.262 + 0.26 0.21 +
= 0.17 m 2
2
8
2
8

Vd = N d ( g d + qd ) Ac = 266 15.6 0.17 = 263 kN

Control perimeter
1
d
d
d
+ d v ) bc + v + 2 bc + v bc + v
2
2
2
2

ex =
( bc + dv ) + 2 bc + dv 2

2
2
1 2b + 6bc d v + 3d v
ex = c
4
3bc + 2d v

(b

b
c
2

ex =

1 2bc2 + 6bc d v + 3d v2 1 2 2602 + 6 260 210 + 3 2102

=
= 124 mm
4
3bc + 2d v
4
3 260 + 2 210

ey = 0 mm

e = ex = 124 mm

eu =

Md
42 106
e =
124 = 35 mm
263 103
Vd

ke =

1
1
=
= 0.93
1 + eu bu 1 + 35 461

b0 = ke b1 = ke 3 bc + v
2

bu =

Ac =

167 103 = 461mm

= 0.93 3 260 + 210 2 = 1031mm

Rotations
The distances rs,x and rs,y are the same as for the Level I approximation.

rs ,x = 1.32 m

rs , y = 1.23m

In case of edge columns, the width of the support strip may be limited by the
distance bsr.

bs = 1.5 rs , x rs , y = 1.5 1.32 1.23 = 1.91m

bsr ,x = 3 bc = 3 0.26 = 0.78 m governing
bsr , y =

Lips / Muttoni / Fernndez Ruiz / Ecole Polytechnique Fdrale de Lausanne, Switzerland

bc bs 0.260 1.91
+ =
+
= 1.09 m governing
2 2
2
2

msd ,x =

Vd M d ,x Vd ex
263 42 263 0.124
+
=
+
= 45 kN
bs
8
8
0.78

msd , y =

Vd M d , y Vd ey
V
263
0
263
+
=
+
= 33kN < d =
= 66 kN
8
2 bs
8
2 1.09
4
4

10

kdg is calculated at Level I.

1.5

r f m
x = 1.5 s ,x yd sd ,x
d Es mRd , x

1.5

1.32 435 45

= 0.011
= 1.5
0.21 200000 69

r f m
y = 1.5 s , y yd sd , y
d Es mRd , y

1.5

1.23 435 66
= 0.018 governing
= 1.5
0.21 200000 69

k =

1.5

1
1
=
= 0.247 0.6
1.5 + 0.9 d k dg 1.5 + 0.9 0.018 210 0.75

Punching strength without shear reinforcement

The punching shear strength of the concrete is not sufficient. Since the
strength seems to be rather close to the design load, a level III approximation
will be performed.

Lips / Muttoni / Fernndez Ruiz / Ecole Polytechnique Fdrale de Lausanne, Switzerland

VRd ,c = k

f ck

b0 d v = 0.247

30
1031 210 10 3 = 195 kN < Vd = 263 kN
1.5

11

4
The Level III calculations are based on the results of the linear-elastic finite
element analysis.
From the results of the flexural analysis, one
can obtain the distance between the center of
the column and the point, at which the bending
moments are zero.

rs ,x = 0.64 m

rs , y = 1.18 m

bs = 1.5 rs , x rs , y = 1.5 0.64 1.18 = 1.30 m

bsr ,x = 3 bc = 3 0.26 = 0.78 m

my=0

mx=0
rsy=1.18 m

bsr , y =

bc bs 0.26 1.30
+ =
+
= 0.78 m
2 2
2
2

msd , x = 24 kNm/m

rsx=0.64 m

The average moment in the support strip can

be obtained by the integration of the moments
at the strip section.
Since the flexural moments md,x and md,y at the
support regions are negative, the absolute
value of the twisting moment md,x need to be
subtracted so that the absolute value of msd,x
and msd,y will be maximized.

Level III of approximation (detailed design or assessment

of existing structure)

rs ,x = 0.64m >
y
bsr,x
2

-bsr,x
2

-17.3
-31.0
-35.1
-20.7
-11.8
msd,x [kNm/m]
-11.0
-17.4
-29.6
-34.1
-25.7

msd,y [kNm/m]
-56.0-54.7-53.8 -48.9
-42.0
-51.9
-32.9
-36.8
-30.4
0

bs,y

msd ,x = md ,x md , xy
msd , y = md , y md ,xy

2
bsr ,x = 0.52 m
3

r f m
x = 1.2 s ,x yd sd
d Es mRd ,x

y = 1.2
k =

The punching shear strength of the concrete is sufficient. Thus, no shear

reinforcement will be necessary

msd , y = 43kNm/m

rs , y f yd msd

d Es mRd , y

(average value on support strip)

rs , y = 1.18 m >

2
bsr , y = 0.52 m
3

1.5

1.5

0.64 435 24
= 0.0016
= 1.2
0.21 200000 69

1.5

1.5

1.18 435 43
= 0.0073 governing
= 1.2
0.21 200000 69

1
1
=
= 0.395 0.6
1.5 + 0.9 d k dg 1.5 + 0.9 0.0073 210 0.75

VRd ,c = k

f ck

b0 d v = 0.395

30
1031 210 10 3 = 312kN > Vd = 263 kN
1.5

Integrity reinforcement
Since no shear reinforcement has been used and msd < mRd, integrity
reinforcement needs to be provided to prevent a progressive collapse of the
structure.

As =

Vd ,acc
171 103
=
= 1064 mm 2
f yd ( f t f y )k sin ult 435 1.08 sin (20)
f ck

30
861 166 = 522 kN
1.5

For the design of the integrity reinforcement, the accidental load case can be
used. Thus the design load can be reduced.

Vd ,accs

(g

3x3 14 As = 1385 mm2 (3 in each direction with a spacing of 100 mm)

+ qd )acc = 1.0(6.25 + 2) + 0.6 3 = 10.1kN/m 2

Vd ,acc =

(g

+ qd )acc

g d + qd

Vd =

10.1
263 = 171kN
15.6

Lips / Muttoni / Fernndez Ruiz / Ecole Polytechnique Fdrale de Lausanne, Switzerland

bint d res =

d res = h 2 c top bottom = 250 2 30 10 14 = 166 mm

12

The material properties can be found in chapter 5 of model code 2010.

Ductility class B : (ft/fy)k = 1.08
It is assumed that only straight bars will be used, thus ult = 20.

bint = 3 sint +

d res = 3 200 +

166 = 861 mm

int = 14 mm 0.12d res = 0.12 166 = 20 mm

With respect to integrity reinforcement, two restrictions should be fulfilled:

-the integrity reinforcement should at least be composed of four bars
-the diameter of the integrity bars int has to be chosen such that
int 0.12dres

Corners of walls should be checked following the same methodology.

Acknowledgements:
The authors are very appreciative of the contributions of Dr. Juan Sagaseta
Albajar and Dr. Luca Tassinari
The authors would also like to thank Carsten Siburg (RWTH Aachen,
Germany) for the independent check of the example he performed.

Lips / Muttoni / Fernndez Ruiz / Ecole Polytechnique Fdrale de Lausanne, Switzerland

13