50(604)

IEC 1987

Uy ban k thut in Quc t (IEC)

n phm 50 (601) - 1985

T ng k thut in Quc t
chng 604: pht, truyn ti v phn phi
nng lng in - vn hnh

mc lc
Trang
li ni u..................................................................................................
Li ta..........................................................................................................

Tit
Tit 604-01 Cht lng cung cp.....................................................
Tit 604-02 Nhng s c.............................................................
Tit 604 - 03 Qu in p v phn phi cch in.......................
Tit 604-04 An ton...................................................................
Tit 604-05 nh hng ca nhiu v ting ng in t...............

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u ban k thut in quc t

t ng k thut in quc t
chng 604: pht, truyn ti v phn phi
nng lng in - vn hnh
li ni u
1. Cc quyt nh hoc tha thun chnh thc ca IEC v cc vn
k thut c son tho bi cc y ban k thut, trong c i din
ca cc y ban Quc gia ang c quan tm c bit n vn ny,
th hin s nht tr Quc t cao v cc ch c cp.
2. Cc quyt nh hoc tha thun ny l nhng khuyn ngh
s dng quc t v c cc U ban Quc gia chp nhn theo ngha
.
3. xc tin s thng nht Quc t, IEC by t mong mun tt c
cc y ban Quc gia nn chp nhn khuyn ngh ca IEC nh l cc qui nh
quc gia ca mnh trong chng mc cc iu kin quc gia cho php. Bt
k s khc bit no gia khuyn ngh ca IEC v qui nh quc gia tng
ng, cn c nu r trong chng mc cho php trong cc quy nh ny.

li ta
Tiu chun ny c son tho bi U ban K thut N0 1 ca IEC:Thut
ng.
y l chng th ba ca mt tp hp nm chng ginh cho sn xut,
truyn ti v phn phi nng lng in theo th t sau y:
Chng 601: Tng qut
Chng 602: Pht
Chng 603: Quy hoch v qun l cc h thng
Chng 604: Vn hnh
Chng 605: Cc trm bin p
Nhng chng ny l bn duyt li ca nhm 25 ca ln xut bn th hai
ca IEV cng b nm 1965
Vn bn ca tiu chun ny da trn cc ti liu sau y :
Quy tc su Bo co biu
thng
quyt
1(IEV 604)(CO) 1(IEV
604)
1177
(CO)
1204

Th
l
hai
thng
1(IEV 604)(CO)
1202

Bo co biu
quyt
1(IEV 604)(CO)
1212

Thng tin thm c th tm thy trong cc bo co Biu quyt thch hp c ch dn trong bng trn.

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chng 604: sn xut, truyn ti v phn phi in - vn hnh

Tit 604-01 Cht lng cung cp

Ghi ch m u
Trong ng cnh ca chng ny, nhng thut ng ting Anh <<network
(li)>> v <<system (h thng)>> c th coi nh thc t l ng ngha v
c dch sang ting Php bng t <<reseau (li)>>
Trong khi son tho cc nh ngha di y, thut ng <<system (h
thng)>> ni chung c s dng nhng <<network (li)>> c th c a
thch trong mt vi nc hay trong mt vi hon cnh

604 - 01 - 01
cung cp (in).
Mt dch v cng cng c bo m bi mt c quan phn phi, v c
xc nh theo cc tiu chun k thut v thng mi nh l tn s, in p,
s lin tc, nhu cu ti a, im cung cp, gi c.
Ghi ch

Trong ting Php, trong mt ngha hp,

in nng cung cp cho mt h tiu th,
nhng nhm h tiu th, v / hay cho
nhng dch v cng cng khc

604 -01 - 02
c quan phn phi.
Mt t chc cung cp in nng cho mt nhm nhng h tiu th bng
mt h thng phn phi

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604 - 01 - 03
h tiu th.
Mt h s dng in c cp bi mt h thng cung cp in, thng l
h thng phn phi

604 - 01 - 04
im cung cp.
Mt im trong h thng in cc tiu chun k thut v thng mi
ca vic cung cp c quy nh
Ghi ch

im cung cp c th khc vi im
gip ranh gia h thng cung cp v
thit b ca h tiu dng hay vi im
o m in

604 - 01 - 05
cht lng cung cp.
S nh gi v sai lch ca cc tiu chun k thut so vi gii hn quy
nh ca s cung cp in hay ca tp hp cc thit b cung cp in
trong mt h thng in

604 - 01 - 06
sai lch tn s.
S khc nhau gia tn s ca h thng ti mt thi im cho v tr s
danh nh

604 - 01 - 07
n nh tn s
Cht lng ca vic cung cp c nh gi theo lch tn s quan st c ca h thng in trong mt thi gian cho

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604 - -01 - 08
tn tn s.
Mt sai lch tn s nh duy tr trong mt thi gian tng i di
mc d c nhng hot ng iu chnh ca cc thit b hiu chnh
604 - 01 - 09
s gim tn s.
Mt s gim tn s ko di ca h thng , thng thng do qu ti
604 - 01 - 10
ngun ca in p iu ho.
Bt k thit b no l mt b phn ca h thng cung cp in hay ca
cc trang thit b u vo n, v thit b cha mt hay nhiu thnh
phn sc in ng m nhng tn s ca n l sng hi ca tn s c
bn ca h thng
604 - 01 - 11
ngun ca dng iu ho.
Bt k mt thit b no l mt b phn ca h thng cung cp in hay
ca cc trang thit b ni vo n v n gy ra s bin dng iu ho ca
sng dng, do tr khng v / hay dn np phi tuyn.

604 - 01 - 12
cng hng sng iu ho.
Mt hin tng to nn s khuch i ca sng iu ha p v dng do
c s dao ng duy tr gia in khng v in dung ca cc b phn
k nhau ca thit b

604 - 01 - 13
cng hng di ng b.
Mt cng hng gia cc thit b k nhau trong mt h thng, pht ra cc
dao ng mt tn s thp hn tn s danh nh ca h thng v thng
duy tr trong mt pht hay lu hn
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604 - 01 - 14
cng hng st t .
Mt cng hng ca dung khng ca mt thit b vi cm khng ca mt
mch t bo ho ca mt thit b k bn

604 - 01 - 15
n nh in p.
Cht lng cung cp c xc nh trn c s ca nhng lch in p
quan st c ca mt h thng in trong mt thi gian cho

604 - 01 - 16
in p cung cp.
Tr s in p m c quan phn phi duy tr ti im cp cho h tiu
th.
ghi ch.

Nu mt in p cung cp c quy nh ring ,

v d trong hp ng cung cp, n s c gi l
<<in p theo hp ng >>

604 - 01 - 17
lch in p.
S khc nhau, ni chung th hin bng phn trm, gia in p ti mt
thi im cho ti mt im ca h thng v mt in p tham kho
nh l: in p danh nh, tr s trung bnh ca in p vn hnh, in
p cung cp theo hp ng

604 - 01 - 18
st in p ng dy.

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S chnh lch ti mt thi im cho gia cc in p o c ti hai

im cho dc theo ng dy

604 - 01 - 19
dao ng in p.
Hng lot cc thay i in p hay s bin thin c chu k ca hnh bao
sng in p

604 - 01 - 20
s bin thin chu k ca in p.
Nhng thay i theo chu k-gi v chm, theo ngy, tun hay nm, ca
in p tai mt im trong h thng, do nhng thay i ca ti, v s
can thip ca cc thit b iu chnh in p

604 - 01 - 21
gim in p.
Mt s gim tng i nh trong in p vn hnh ca h thng

604 - 01 - 22
sp in p.
Mt s gim ln v bt thnh lnh ca in p ca mt h thng in

604 - 01 - 23
mt in p.
Mt tnh hung trong in p bng khng hay gn bng khng ti mt
hay nhiu im cung cp
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604 - 01 - 24
phc hi in p.
S phc hi in p ti mt tr s gn vi tr s trc ca n sau khi in p
b gim, b sp hoc b mt
604 - 01 - 25
chng in p.
Mt s gim bt thnh lnh ca in p ti mt im trong h thng, sau
in p c phc hi sau mt thi gian ngn, t mt vi chu k n
mt vi giy

604 - 01 - 26
di in p nhp nhy.
Dao ng in p trong mt di tn s v bin gy nhp nhy xut
hin u ra ca mt vi thit b chiu sng

604 - 01 - 27
Dao ng in p nhp nhy tng ng.
Dao ng in p vi tn s v dng quy nh (v d hnh sin, 10hz) v
gy mt mi khi nhn nh khi nhn lc c in p nhp nhy

604 - 01 - 28
my o in p nhp nhy .
Mt thit b c thit k o bt k i lng i din cho nhp nhy

604 - 01 - 29
s khng cn bng in p.
Hin tng do nhng s khc nhau gia nhng lch in p trn cc
pha khc nhau, ti mt im trong mt h thng nhiu pha, gy ra bi
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10

nhng s khc nhau gia cc dng in pha hay khng i xng hnh
hc trn ng dy

604 - 01 - 30
h s khng cn bng.
Trong mt h thng ba pha, mc khng cn bng c biu th bng t
s (theo phn trm) gia cc tr s hiu dng ca thnh phn th t m
(hay th t khng) v thnh phn th t dng ca in p hay dng
in
604 - 01 - 31
S cn bng ca li phn phi.
S phn b nhng h tiu th trn cc pha khc nhau ca li phn phi,
sao cho khng cn bng l nh nht.

604 - 01 -32
Tnh lin tc. cung cp in
Cht lng cung cp c th hin bng bin php theo s vn hnh ca
li in tin gn n tnh trng l tng s cung cp khng b gin on
sut trong thi gian cho

604 - 01 - 33
tiu chun lin tc (cung cp).
Mt i lng m tr s nhn c t tp hp mt c tnh thch hp cho mi
ln gin on cung cp (v d s ln, thi gian, in khng c cung cp)
v n th hin s lch so vi s lin tc tuyt i ca vic cung cp cho h
tiu th trong li trong mt thi gian xc nh

604 - 01 - 34
ngng cung cp (ct in ).

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11

S gin on cung cp sut trong mt thi gian di ng k do vic m

mt thit b ng ct

604 - 01 - 35
s phc hi ti.
Sau khi phc hi in p, vic tng ti ca h tiu th hay h thng, mc
nhanh hay chm ph thuc vo cc c tnh ca ti

604 - 01 - 36
ti b ct.
Ti c cung cp ti thi im ngay trc khi in b ct

604 - 01 - 37
nng lng khng c cung cp.
nng lng mt.
Nng lng khng c cung cp t h thng in trong sut thi gian vic
cung cp b ct

604 - 01 - 38
thi gian trung bnh ct tng ng (hng nm hoc hng thng).
Thi gian c c do chia tng ca tt c nng lng khng c cung cp
tnh bng kwh do gin on cung cp ti mt phn c bit ca h
thng, cho mt cng xut tham kho c chn cho nm hoc thng

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12

604 - 01 - 39
Ph tn kwh khng c cung cp.
S nh gi ph tn kinh t do cc hu qu ca tt c cc dng ct trong
mt li in cho, c chia cho nng lng khng c cung cp v tnh
bng kwh

604 - 01 - 40
iu khin t xa tp trung (ca cc ph ti).
Cc trang thit b cho php ng hay ct ph ti c th ct in hoc
khng th ct c , bng iu khin t xa ti mt im trung tm.

604 - 01 - 41
ti c th ct c .
Mt ti ch cn c cung cp trong mt phn ca ngy v c th c ct
trong mt thi gian
V d:
Cc ti si m hoc bm

604 - 01 - 42
s a vo ni tip mt tn hiu iu khin t xa tp trung.
S a vo mt tn hiu vo mt h thng cung cp bng mt thit b
u ni tip vi mi ng dy ca trm hay vi ng dy cung cp ti cc
thanh ci

604 - 01 - 43
s a vo shunt ca mt tn hiu iu khin t xa.

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13

S a vo ca mt tn hiu vo mt h thng cung cp bng mt thit b

u song song vi cc thanh ci ca trm.

Tit 604-02 Nhng s c

604 - 02 - 01
s c.
Hin tng khng nh trc hay s h hng ca mt b phn c th dn ti
mt hoc nhiu h hng ca thit b hay cc thit b khc lin kt

604 - 02 - 02
s c cch in.
S h hng cch in ca mt thit b c th dn ti hoc mt dng in
khng bnh thng qua cch in , hoc mt s phng in nh
thng
604 - 02 - 03
bt thng.
S kin c ngun gc t bn ngoi hay bn trong, pht sinh trong thit b
hay h thng cung cp v n gy ra nhng bt thng cho vn hnh bnh
thng
604 - 02 - 04
bt thng ca h thng.
Hng lot cc s kin gy ra h hng ton b hay b phn ca h thng
604 - 02 - 05
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14

vn hnh sai.
Hot ng ca mt thit b sai khc vi ci m cn mong i
604 - 02 - 06
vn hnh khng mong mun.
Mt s thay i trong trng thi vn hnh ca mt thit b m khng nn
xy ra ti thi im xem xt
604 - 02 - 07
h hng trong vn hnh.
vn duy tr tnh trng ca thit b m ng l cn phi thay i theo
yu cu.
604 - 02 - 08
s c gy thit hi .
Mt s c i hi cn sa cha hay thay th ti im s c

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15

604 - 02 - 09
s c khng gy thit hi .
Mt s c khng i hi sa cha hay thay th ti im s c.

604 - 02 - 10
s c vnh cu.
Mt s c gy nh hng n thit b v ngn cn s khi phc vn hnh
tr li ca n nu khng c tc ng no c thc hin ti im s c .

604 - 02 - 11
s c thong qua.
Mt s c cch in ch tc ng tm thi n tnh cht in mi ca
mt thit b , m n c khi phc sau mt thi gian ngn

604 - 02 - 12
s c t-dp tt h quang.
Mt s c cch in h quang b dp tt khng cn thit phi tch
thit b khi h thng cho tnh cht in mi cn thit ca n c
khi phc

604 - 02 - 13
gii hn dng t-dp tt h quang.
Dng s c ln nht ti s t-dp tt ca mt h quang c th xy ra,
trong mt trng thi cho ca h thng

604 - 02 - 14
s c chp chn.
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16

S c thong qua lp li trong cng mt ch do cng mt nguyn nhn

604 - 02 - 15
s c qua in tr.
Mt s c cch in, in tr ca n cao duy tr mt in p
ng k gia vt dn b h hng v t hay gia cc vt dn

604 - 02 - 16
s c thc s.
S c cch in m tr khng c th coi nh bng khng

604 - 02 - 17
s c ng dy.
s c sy ra ti mt im trn mt ng dy in , v tr c xc nh
c mc .
Ghi ch.

Nhm mc ch bo v nhng gii hn ca ng dy thng c xc nh bng vic t

cc my bin dng

604 - 02 - 18
s c thanh ci.
Mt s c c nh v trn mt thanh ci ca trm
Ghi

ch. Nhm mc ch bo v nhng gii hn ca thanh ci c xc

nh bng vic t cc my bin dng

604 - 02 - 19
s c mt pha-vi-t.
Mt s c cch in gia ch mt pha vt dn vi t.

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17

604 - 02 - 20
s c pha-vi-pha (khng chm t).
s c dy-vi-dy (Hoa K).
S c cch in ch tc ng n cch in gia hai vt dn pha v
cch t.

604 - 02 - 21
s c hai-pha-vi-t.
s c dy kp vi t (Hoa K).
Mt s c cch in ti mt im ca mt mch gia hai pha vi nhau v
vi t

604 - 02 - 22
nhng s c kp.
Nhng s c cch in vi t, xy ra ng thi gia hai im khc nhau
ca mt hay nhiu mch nhng u xut pht t cng mt ngun
604 - 02 - 23
nhng s c nhiu im
s c vng giao nhau.
Nhng s c cch in vi t, xy ra ng thi ti hn hai im trong
mt hoc nhiu mch xut pht t cng mt ngun

604 - 02 - 24
s c ba pha.
s c i xng.
Mt s c cch in ti mt im ca mt mch, tc ng ln cch in
ca tt c vt dn ba pha gia chng vi nhau v thng vi t
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604 - 02 - 25
s c pht trin.
Mt s c cch in n bt u l s c mt pha-vi-t (hay pha-vipha) v pht trin thnh mt s c hai pha hay ba pha
604 - 02 - 26
s c vng-vi-vng; s c gia cc vng.
Mt s c cch in gia cc vng cnh nhau ca cng mt cun dy
604 - 02 - 27
s c gia cc cun

dy.

Mt s c cch in gia hai vt dn ca cc cun dy khc nhau trong

thit b kiu dy cun

604 - 02 - 28
s l s c.
Vic tch mt b phn b h hng ra khi h thng in, bng cc thao tc
t ng hay bng tay nhm mc ch duy tr hoc khi phc cung cp
604 - 02 - 29
thi gian s l s c.
Khong thi gian gia lc xy ra s c v s l xong s c .

604 - 02 - 30
ng.
Vic ng mt my ct bng tay hoc bng t ng ca cc thit b bo
v.
Ghi ch:

Thut ng " closing (ng) " ca mt b phn ca

li in (ng dy , my bin p) trong thc t
ngha l ng cc my ct tng ng .

604 02 -31
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19

m, ngt
nhy .
Vic ngt mt my ct hoc iu khin bng t ng ca cc thit b
bo v .
Ghi ch: thut ng "tripping (nhy ) "ca mt b

phn li (ng dy, my bin p ) trong

thc t ngha l nhy cc my ct lin
kt.
604 - 02 - 32
t ng ng lp li.
Vic t ng ng li ca mt my ct lin kt vi phn b s c ca l i
in sau mt khong thi gian cho php khi phc c phn t mt
s c thong qua

604 - 02 -33
t ng ng li tc nhanh.
Mt s t ng ng li xy ra sau mt thi gian khong mt giy sau
khi my ct nhy do s c

604- 02 - 34
t ng ng li chm.
Mt s t ng ng li xy ra sau mt thi gian khong mt pht sau khi
my ct nhy do s c

604 - 02 - 35
ng li thnh cng.
S c khng xy li sau khi ng li

604 - 02 - 36
ng li khng thnh cng.
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20

S c li xy ra sau khi ng li

604 - 02 - 37
ng li t ng mt ln.
Mt s ng li t ng n khng c lp li nu khng thnh cng

604 - 02 - 38
t ng ng lp li nhiu ln.
Mt s ng li t ng lp li hai hay ba ln (thng khng nhiu hn)
nu ng li khng thnh cng

604 - 02 - 39
ct vnh vin
Vic tch thit b hay b phn b s c ca li in sau mt s ln ng
li khng thnh cng

604 - 02 - 40
chuyn ti.
Mt s phn phi li dng ti trong cc thnh phn tng t ca li in do
s c , hay c nguy c h hng mt b phn ca li in

604 - 02 - 41
nh v s c.
Mt p dng ca nhng k thut o lng xc nh v tr s c ca
mch

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21

604 - 02 - 42
my nh v s c.
Mt thit b dng nh v s c
604 - 02 - 43
my ghi nhiu.
my chp nhiu.
Mt dng c hot ng lin tc, c trang b mt b nh c th ghi li
cc s kin v cc bin i qu trc v trong s c
Tit 604 - 03 Qu in p v phn phi cch in

604 - 03 - 01
in p cao nht i vi thit b.
Tr s hiu dng cao nht ca in p pha-vi-pha theo thit b c
thit k c lin quan n cch in ca n cng nh cc c tnh khc
lin quan n in p ny trong nhng tiu chun thit b thch hp

604 - 03 - 02
cch in bn ngoi.
Nhng khong cch trong kh quyn v nhng b mt tip xc vi khng
kh ca cch in rn ca thit b m chng l i tng i vi cng
in mi v i vi nhng tc ng kh quyn v cc iu kin bn
ngoi khc nh nhim, m, su b, v.v.

604 - 03 - 03
cch in bn trong.
Cc b phn rn, lng hay kh bn trong ca cch in thit b m chng
c bo v chng nhng tc ng ca kh quyn v cc iu kin bn
ngoi khc

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22

604 - 03 - 04
cch in t khi phc.
Cch in m chng hon ton khi phc c nhng c tnh cch
in ca chng sau khi phng in nh thng
604 - 03 - 05
Cch in khng t khi phc.
Cch in mt nhng c tnh cch in ca chng, hay khng khi
phc cch in hon ton, sau khi phng in xuyn thng

604 - 03 - 06
h s s c vi t.
Ti mt ch cho ca h thng ba pha, v vi mt s vn hnh
cho ca h thng, t s gia in p hiu dng cao nht, tn s ca h
thng, gia mt pha bnh thng v t trong mt s c vi t tc ng
vo mt pha bt k hay nhiu pha ti mt im bt k ca h thng, v
tr s hiu dng ca in p gia pha v t tn s ca h thng ti v
tr xt trn khi khng c s c .

604 - 03 - 07
cch in ca thit b.
Cht lng in mi ca ton b cch in ca thit b

604 - 03 - 08
phi hp cch in.
S la chn cng in mi ca thit b c quan h ti nhng in p
c th xut hin trn h thng m thit b u vo v c lu n
cc c tnh ca cc thit b bo v sn c

604 - 03 - 09
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23

qu in p (trong mt h thng).
Bt k in p no gia pha vi t hay gia cc pha c mt tr s nh
vt qu nh tng ng ca in p cao nht ca thit b

604 - 03 - 10
tr s tng i ca mt qu in p pha-t.
T s ca tr s nh ca mt qu in p pha-t vi tr s nh phat ca in p tng ng vi in p cao nht ca thit b biu th
bng p.u.[per unit (theo n v) (ND)]

604 - 03 - 11
tr s tng i mt qu in p gia cc pha.
T s ca tr s nh ca mt qu in p pha-pha vi tr s nh ca
in p pha-t ca in p tng ng vi in p cao nht ca thit b
th hin bng p.u.

604 - 03 - 12
qu in p tm thi.
Mt qu in p dao ng ( tn s ca li) ti mt v tr cho, trong
mt thi gian tng i lu v khng gim bt hoc tt dn t
Ghi ch.

Nhng qu in p tm thi thng bt ngun t

thao tc ng ct hay s c (v d ti b loi b
bt ng, nhng s c mt pha v / hay do s
khng tuyn tnh (hiu ng cng hng st t ,
sng iu ho)

604 - 03 - 13
qu in p qu .

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24

Mt qu in p ko di trong thi gian ngn khong mt vi phn

nghn giy hay t hn, c dng dao ng hay khng dao ng, thng thng tt nhanh

604 - 03 - 14
xung in p.
Mt sng in p qu trn mt ng dy hay thit b, c trwng bi
s tng nhanh in p , sau l s gim chm khng-dao ng ca
in p
604-03-15
sng xung in p
mt sng in p qu lan truyn dc theo mt ng dy hoc mt
mch v c c trung bi s tng nhanh in p sau l s gim
chm ca in p.

604 - 03 - 16
u ca xung in p.
Phn ca mt xung xut hin trc nh

604 - 03 - 17
ui ca xung in p.
Phn ca mt xung xut hin sau nh

604 - 03 - 18
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25

xung st.
Mt xung in p c hnh dng ring trong cc th nghim in mi, vi
thi gian u sng quy c bc 1 microsec v 1 thi gian t ti na gi
tr ca bc 50 microsec
Ghi ch.

Xung st c xc nh bng hai tr s cho

nhng thi gian ny bng microsec; c
bit xung st tiu chun l: 1,2/50s

604 - 03 - 19
thi gian quy c ca u sng (ca mt xung st).
Mt thi gian xc nh mt cch quy c bng cch thay mt u xung thc
s bng mt on thng xc nh bng hai im quy nh trn u
sng

604 - 03 - 20
xung ng ct.
Mt xung in p c hnh dng ring p dng trong cc th nghim in
mi vi mt thi gian t n nh l t 100 n 300 microsec, v mt
thi gian t ti na tr s l khong mt vi milisec.
Ghi ch.

Xung ng ct c xc nh bng hai tr s

ni trn, n v thi gian bng microsec;
c bit xung ng ct tiu chun l
250/2500s

604 - 03 - 21
thi gian

t ti nh (ca mt xung ng ct ).

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26

Khong thi gian gia thi im gc thc ca mt xung ng ct v thi

im khi in p t ti tr s ln nht

604 - 03 - 22
thi gian t ti na tr s (ca mt xung).
Khong thi gian gia thi im gc v thi im ui khi in p
gim ti na tr s ca nh

604 - 03 - 23
xung st ton sng
Mt xung st khng b gin on bi mt s phng in nh thng

604 - 03 - 24
xung st b ct.
Mt xung st bt thnh lnh b gin on bi s phng in nh thng
gy s sp in p nhanh chng, thc t ti khng
604 - 03 - 25
thi gian ct xung .
Khong thi gian gia im quy c
n b ct

bt u ca xung v thi im khi

604 - 03 - 26
xung b ct trn u sng.
Mt xung b ct trc khi n t ti tr s nh

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27

604 - 03 - 27
xung b ct ui sng .
Mt xung b ct sau khi n qua tr s nh

604 - 03 - 28
my pht xung.
Thit b trong phng th nghim cho php cc th nghim in mi c
thc hin di cc iu kin in p xung

604 - 03 - 29
qu in p thao tc .
Mt qu in p qu , hnh dng ca n c th ph hp vi cc mc ch
phi hp cch in c hnh dng tng t vi hnh dng ca xung thao tc
tiu chun

604 - 03 - 30
qu in p st.
mt qu in p qu vi mc ch phi hp cch in , c hnh dng
tng t vi hnh dng ca xung st tiu chun
604 - 03 - 31
qu in p ni b .
Mt qu in p tm thi hay qu trong h thng, pht sinh do thao tc
hay do mt s c trong chnh h thng

604 - 03 - 32
qu in p bn ngoi.
Mt qu in p tm thi hay qu xy ra trong h thng v pht sinh do
phng in kh quyn hay do mt hin tng cm ng
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28

604 - 03 - 33
st nh trc tip.
St nh vo mt phn t ca li, v d: vt dn, ct st, thit b trm.v.v.

604 - 03 - 34
st nh gin tip.
St nh khng trc tip vo bt k b phn no ca li in nhng cm
ng mt qu in p trong li in

604 - 03 - 35
chuyn dch in p bt ng .
Qu in p tn s li xy ra do tip xc hay phng in gia cc phn
t ca h thng cc in p khc nhau
604 - 03 - 36
qu in p cng hng.
Qu in p pht sinh do dao ng cng hng duy tr trong h thng
cung cp

604 - 03 - 37
s chc thng
S h hng in mi ca mt cch in di tc ng ca mt in trng
mnh hay/v s hng vt l- ho hc ca vt liu cch in

604 - 03 - 38
phng in nh thng .
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29

phng h quang b mt.

phng tia la.
S i qua ca mt h quang theo sau s h hng in mi
Ghi ch.

Thut ng <<sparkover>> (phng tia la)

(Trong ting Php <<amorcage>> (phng in
mi) c s dng khi s phng in xuyn xy
ra trong cht in mi kh hay lng)
Thut ng <<flashover (phng in) trong
ting Php: <<contournement>> (s nh la
vng)>> c s dngkhi s phng in xuyn
xy ra trn b mt ca mt in mi rn bao
quanh bi mt cht cch in lng hay kh.
Thut ng <<puncture (nh thng)>> [trong
ting Php l perforation (nh thng)] c s
dng khi s phng in xy ra xuyn qua cht
in mi rn

604 - 03 - 39
phng in ngc.
Mt s phng in ca cch in pha-t pht sinh do st nh n b
phn ca li din thng c in th ca t

604 - 03 - 40
in p chu th tn s cng nghip.
Mt tr s hiu dng ca in p tn s cng nghip hnh sin m thit b
c th chu ng trong cc th nghim di cc iu kin quy nh v
trong mt thi gian quy nh

604 - 03 - 41
in p chu th xung quy c.
Tr s nh ca mt in p th nghim xung ti cch in khng c
mt s phng in nh thng no khi chu th mt s xung quy nh
ca tr s , vi nhng iu kin quy nh

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30

604 - 03 - 42
in p chu th xung thng k.
Tr s nh ca mt in p th nghim xung p dng trong cc th
nghim in mi, di nhng iu kin quy nh, mt xc sut chu
ng bng mt xc sut tham kho quy nh, v d 90 phn trm
Ghi ch.

Khi nim ny p dng cho cch in t khi

phc

604 - 03 - 43
in p phng in nh thng 50 phn trm.
Tr s nh ca mt in p th nghim xung c xc sut 50 phn trm
gy ra s phng in nh thng mi ln vic th nghim in mi c
thc hin

604 - 03 - 44
th nghim in mi kh.
Th nghim in mi ca mt b mt cch in trong khng kh, b
mt hon ton kh v sch

604 - 03 - 45
th nghim in mi t
Th nghim in mi ca mt b mt cch in trong khng kh, b
mt c t di ma nhn to c cc c tnh quy nh
604 - 03 - 46
th nghim nhim nhn to.
Th nghim in mi mt b mt cch in trong khng kh , b mt
ny c lm bn bng mt lp cht nhn to c c tnh quy nh
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31

604 - 03 - 47
cp cch in.
l mt c tnh xc nh bng mt hay hai tr s ch r mt hay hai
gi tr in p chu ng cch in i vi mt chi tit c th ca thit
b

604 - 03 - 48
dy t trn khng.
dy-t (Hoa k ).
Mt vt dn c ni t hay cch in yu, thng c t trn cc dy
dn pha ca mt ng dy hay mt trm bo v chng khi b st
nh

604 - 03 - 49
khe h phng in (bo v).
Mt thit b bo v gm mt khe khng kh h gia mt hay nhiu cc
mang in u ni tip, v mt cc ni t.
Ghi ch.

Khe h phng in thanh: khe h phng in

lmbng hai thanh t i din vi nhau theo
mt ng thng .
Khe h phng in sng lm bng hai hoc
nhiu thanh thng ng b choi ra v pha trn
lm d vic dp tt h quang

604 - 03 - 50
ct thu st
Ct v di bng kim loi t trn mt cng trnh tho bt k dng st
no xung t

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32

604 - 03 - 51
van chng st.
Mt thit b c thit k bo v cc thit b in khi qu in p
qu cao v hn ch thi gian v bin ca dng ngay sau

604 - 03 - 52
dng phng (ca mt van chng st)
Dng xung qua van chng st

604 - 03 - 53
in p d (ca mt van chng st).
in p xut hin gia cc cc ca mt van chng st trong khi dng in
phng i qua

604 - 03 - 54
van chng st loi in tr phi tuyn .
Mt van chng st gm cc in tr phi tuyn c th c u ni tip
vi cc khe h phng in

604 - 03 - 55
van chng st loi sinh kh
B chng st c mt bung h quang trong dng b chia ct bi kh
bt thnh lnh thot ra khi h quang i qua

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33

604 - 03 - 56
mc bo v xung st (ca mt thit b bo v).
Tr s in p nh cho php ln nht, cc cc ca mt thit b bo v
chu c cc xung st trong iu kin quy nh

604 - 03 - 57
mc bo v xung thao tc (ca mt thit b bo v).
Tr s in p nh cho php ln nht, cc cc ca mt thit b bo v
phi chu c cc xung ng ct trong cc iu kin quy nh

604 - 03 - 58
h s bo v chng cc xung st.
T s ca mc bo v xung st ca mt thit b
ng xung st nh mc ca thit b

bo v vi in p chu

604 - 03 59
h s bo v chng cc xung ng ct .
T s ca mc bo v xung thao tc ca thit b bo v vi in p chu
ng xung thao tc ca thit b

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34

Tit 604-04 An ton

604 - 04 - 01
ni t (thit b, trang thit b hay mt h thng).
Thc hin nhng u ni cn thit nhm mc ch duy tr mt im
cho ca thit b hay ca mt h thng mt in th cng gn vi in
th ca t cng tt

604 - 04 - 02
h thng ni t.
Tp hp cc u ni v cc thit b cn thit ni t ring r hoc tp
trung mt thit b hoc mt trang thit b

604 - 04 - 03
in cc ni t.
Mt vt dn hay nhm vt dn tip xc tt v cung cp mt mi ni in
vi t

604 - 04 - 04
cc in cc ni t ring r .
Mt h thng cc in cc ni t sao cho in th ca t xung quanh
mt trong chng khng b tc ng ng k bi dng in xung t ti
cc cc khc

604 - 04 - 05
ni t t xa.
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35

Mt cc ni t ni vi thit b, v t mt khong cch xa thit b

sao cho n c lp vi bt k cc ni t no khc gn thit b

604 - 04 - 06
dy ni t.
Mt vt dn c tr khng nh n bo m mt mi ni in gia mt
im cho ca thit b (mt trang b hay h thng) vi mt in cc
ni t
604 - 04 - 07
li ni t.
Mt phn ca trang thit b ni t, gii hn bi cc cc ni t v cc
mi ni gia chng

604 - 04 - 08
u ni t.
Mt u ni lp trn mt thit b ni vi mt vt dn ni t

604 - 04 - 09
cc t.
Mt in cc ni t gm mt thanh kim loi ng su xung t
604 - 04 - 10
tm ni t.
Mt cc in gm mt tm kim loi chn trong t
604 - 04 - 11
di ni t.
Mt in cc ni t gm mt di kim loi chn trong t
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36

604 - 04 - 12
ni t vn hnh.
Ni t mt im trong mch in ca mt thit b (v d im trung
tnh) cn thit vn hnh ng thit b ny v/hay ca h thng

604 - 04 - 13
ni t cng tc .
Ni t mt b phn ca mch in ca mt thit b bnh thng c in
p nhng c ni t tm thi thc hin cng vic

604 - 04 - 14
dng in lc.
Nhng dng in sau khi vo t qua mt cc in vn hnh hay mt
s c chm t m khng kim sot c , chy vo trong t v cc cu
trc kim loi chn di t

604 - 04 - 15
bo v kiu ca-tt.
tc dng bo v ca c cu kim loi chn di t chng nhng dng in
lc bng cch bt n hot ng nh mt ca-tt

604 - 04 - 16
sc in.
Mt hu qu bnh l do mt dng in i qua c th ngi hoc ng
vt

604 - 04 - 17
tai nn in git cht ngi .
Mt sc in lm cht ngi
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37

604 - 04 - 18
bng in.
Bng da hoc mt b phn c th , gy ra khi mt dng in xuyn qua
hoc trn b mt

604 - 04 - 19
vt tch in.
Mt du hiu trng thy c li bi mt h quang in hay bi ng
i ca dng in trong c th

604 - 04 - 20
vim mt do in.
chng vim mt v cc b phn c lin quan ch yu do tc ng ca tia
bc x cc tm ca mt h quang in

604 - 04 - 21
dng rung c tim.
Mt dng gy ra s dao ng hn lon ca nhp tim m c gi l rung
tim

604 - 04 -22
dng co c.
Tr s ca dng in tng ln gy co c ca nn nhn b mt sc in
v ngn cn s tch khi ngun in

604 - 04 - 23
dng in nh.
dng in bung ra (Hoa k ).
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38

Tr s ca dng in gim thp khng lm co c v cho php

nn nhn thot khi ngun dng
604 - 04 - 24
dng ngng
Tr s ti thiu ca dng c th cm nhn c khi i qua c th
604 - 04 - 25
lm vic khi c in
Mt thut ng ch cc phng php lm vic khc nhau c dng tin
hnh bo qun cng nh mt s thao tc tho v ni trn cc thit b ang
vn hnh

604 - 04 - 26
lm vic vi khong cch an ton.
lm vic vi so in ( Hoa k )
Phng php lm vic c in trong qu trnh ny ngi cng nhn mt
khong cch ti thiu quy nh cch cc b phn mang in v thc hin
cng vic ca ngi vi cc dng c thay i c gn vo u cc so
cch in

604 - 04 - 27
phng php gng tay cch in.
phng php gng tay cao su (Hoa k ).
Khi lm vic c in, cc bn tay ca ngui cng nhn c bo v in
bng cc gng tay cao su v cnh tay c th ph cc ng tay cch in,
thc hin cng vic bng cch tip xc trc tip c hc vi cc b phn
mang in

604 - 04 - 28
Phng php bn tay trn.
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39

Khi lm vic c in ngi cng nhn thc hin cc cng vic ca mnh
bng tay trn trn b phn mang in, sau khi c nng ln ti in p
ca thit b m ngi lm vic

604 - 04 - 29
dng c c cch in.
Mt dng c lm bng vt liu dn in c ph ton b hay mt phn
bng vt liu cch in

604 - 04 - 30
dng c cch in.
Mt dng c ch yu lm bng vt liu cch in

604 - 04 - 31
so lm vic.
gy lm vic.
Mt dng c cch in lm bng ng hay/v thanh cch in c ph kin
pha u

604 - 04 - 32
so cm tay.
gy cm tay.
Mt so lm vic dng thao tc cc thnh phn ca li in mt
khong cch bng mt dng c vn nng c gn vo u ca so.

604 - 04 - 33
dng c lp vn nng.
Mt dng c c thit k lp ti u so cm tay
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40

604 - 04 - 34
so .
Mt so lm vic dng gi hay chuyn cc vt dn hay thit b khc

604 - 04 - 35
tm ph bo v.
Mt tm ph lm bng vt liu cch in, dng ph cc phn t c
in hoc khng, hay cc cu trc kim loi ni t gn nhm mc
ch trnh cc tip xc bt ng
604 - 04 - 36
qun o dn in .
Qun o lm bng vt liu tng hp hay t nhin dt vi cc si dn in
bo v cng nhn chng tc ng ca in trng

604 - 04 - 37
thit b nng ngoi tri vi mt cn cch in.
Mt thit b gm mt cn cch in c trang b vi mt hoc hai r, lp
trn mt xe v dng lm ch cho cng nhn vo v tr lm vic

Tit 604-05 nh hng ca nhiu v ting ng in t

trong cc trang thit b thng tin

604 - 05 - 01
xch gn .(ca mt ng dy thng tin vi mt ng dy in)

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41

V tr tng i ca mt ng dy in v ng dy thng tin n

chng mc m cc tc ng in t ca ng dy in ln ng dy
thng tin ln c th to ra nhng nguy c nguy him hay nhiu
in t

604 - 05 -02
song song.
Mt on ti xch gn phi sao cho khong cch gia cc dy
khng thay i qu nm phn trm

604 - 05 - 03
xch gn nghing
on m s xch li gn sao cho khong cch gia cc dy thay i hu
nh tuyn tnh dc ng dy

604 - 05 - 04
giao cho.
S i ngang qua ca ng dy thng tin i t mt bn sang bn kia ca
ng dy in

604 - 05 - 05
h s

mn chn.

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42

T s ca sc in ng xut hin trong ng dy b nhim, c tnh

ton c xt n cc hiu ng mn chn ca cc mch hay cc khi dn
in k bn, vi sc in ng s xut hin nu khng c cc mch
hay cc khi vt dn

604 - 05 - 06
ng dy in c an ton cao.(theo ngha ca CCITT).
Mt ng dy truyn ti hay phn phi, k bn mt ng dy thng tin
c thit k ph hp vi cc thng s quy nh, sao cho s nhiu gy ra bi
cc dng s c c gi trong cc gii hn chp nhn c v th gian v
tn xut

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