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INTRODUCTION
This document provides detailed examples of the principle calculation procedures in ProDesign. Each example is
intended to illustrate the method used and the rules applied when performing a particular check or calculation.
References made to relevant parts of BS 7671: Requirements for Electrical Installations are highlighted in bold and italic
text, thus: 433.1.1. The edition referred to is: BS 7671:2008 (2011).
The examples described refer to circuits from the ProDesign project Model Calculation which is located in the folder
ProDesign projects folder.
The project single-line diagram is shown below. The Notes symbols denote which examples apply to which circuits.
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Summarise load currents: Table 1 summarises the load currents for all the circuits connected to DB-1, which in
turn is connected to Cable SM-3.
Loads resolved into resistive and reactive components and diversity applied: using the load currents and power
factors, the load currents are resolved into their resistive and reactive components, r and x. The currents are
adjusted by the application of diversity settings made in the Load and Distribution Board dialogs.
Summing loads to give phase loads and power factors: in each phase, the resistive and reactive load components
are added (Table 2). These phase load components are then used to give the load current magnitude and power
factor for each phase.
Compare to ProDesign Results: the calculated load currents and power factors are compared to those given in
ProDesign for Cable SM-3.
Summing Phase Loads to Give Neutral Load Current: the vectors of the individual phase load currents are
summed to give the current flowing in the neutral conductor. To do this, the phase vectors are stated as complex
numbers (Z = r + jX), which are then converted to polar form (Z). The vectors are then rotated to reflect their
relative displacements (0, 120, 240), converted back to complex numbers, and then added to give the r and x
components of the neutral current. The r and x components are then used to give the magnitude of the neutral
current.
Compare to ProDesign Results: the calculated neutral load current is compared to that given in ProDesign for
Cable SM-3.
Phase L1
Phase L2
Phase L3
Diversity
(A)
PF
(A)
PF
(A)
PF
At Load
Load 1
70
0.9
70
0.9
70
0.9
0.8
At DB
0.9
Load 2
15
0.8
1.0
0.9
Load 3
20
1.0
1.0
0.9
Loads resolved into resistive and reactive components and diversity applied:
Using: r = z cos = PF; and x = r tan(cos-1)
Load 1:
Diversity for load = 0.8 x 0.9, therefore: r = 63 x 0.72 = 45.36 A; x = 30.5122926 x 0.72 = 21.96885067 A
Load 2: r = 15 x 0.8 = 12 A; x = 12 x 0.75 = 9 A
Diversity for load = 1.0 x 0.9, therefore: r = 12 x 0.9 = 10.8 A; x = 9 x 0.9 = 8.1 A
Load 3: r = 20 x 1.0 = 20 A; x = 20 x 0 = 0 A
Diversity for load = 1.0 x 0.9, therefore: r = 20 x 0.9 = 18 A; x = 0 x 0.9 = 0 A
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Phase L1
Phase L2
Phase L3
Load 1
45.36
21.96885067
45.36
21.96885067
45.36
21.96885067
Load 2
10.8
8.1
Load 3
18
Total
63.36
21.96885067
45.36
21.96885067
56.16
30.0688567
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+ j21.96885067
L2 = 41.70558274 + j28.29848703
L3 = 2.039606231 j63.67041502
L1 + L2 + L3 = N
= 19.61481103 j13.40307732
Find the neutral current magnitude from the resistive and reactive components:
Neutral current = (r2 + x2) = (19.614811032 13.403077322) = 23.75675258 A
Compare to ProDesign Results:
Rounded to 1 decimal place, gives the same value as the report:
Neutral current = 23.8 A
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1.100
0.170
0.6351
0.0982
0.5716
0.0428
0.5178
0.0428
0.5606
3.1785
1.5394
3.5317
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Per unit values to a 100 MVA base are used in the Zbus matrix calculations, the impedances shown in the matrix are the
per unit values used.
The following worked examples for maximum and minimum fault currents, and earth fault current in the next section,
use conventional calculation methods to demonstrate the accuracy of the ProDesign calculations, while avoiding the
complexities of the construction of the Zbus matrices. Also, each worked example is repeated showing the calculations
that are performed by ProDesign using the impedances obtained from the Zbus matrix.
In some versions of ProDesign a Zbus matrix viewer is provided. This is displayed by clicking View Impedance Matrices in
the Calculation menu.
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0.000064
0.000637
Transformer winding
0.004000
0.019596
0.003157
0.002887
0.00717
0.02312
0.1750
0.1250
0.1367
0.1250
0.0789
0.0722
0.0398
0.3980
Transformer winding
2.5000 12.247
2.5398 12.645
Cable SM-1
1.9734
Total
1.8042
4.5132 14.449
2
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0.1750
0.1250
0.1010
0.0722
0.0789
0.0722
Corrected for fault temperature [Using Multiplier 54C = 1.28 in Table E2]
0.1010
0.0722
0.0041
0.0202
0.0040
0.0029
0.0040
0.0029
0.0013
0.0007
0.0013
0.0007
Total
0.0274
0.0311
0.2200
0.1250
0.1270
0.0722
0.0992
0.0722
Corrected for fault temperature [Using Multiplier 54C = 1.28 in Table E2]
0.1270
0.0722
0.0398
0.3980
Transformer winding
2.5000 12.247
2.5398 12.645
Cable SM-1
5.0518
3.6084
Cable FC-7
1.5877
0.9021
Total
9.1793 17.156
2
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Using the earth fault loop impedance, the earth fault current (Ief) is calculated;
Using the earth fault current, the earth fault disconnection time is determined from the circuit protective device
(CPD) characteristic (or the residual current device (RCD) characteristic where an RCD is used);
A check is made to determine whether the disconnection time is within the maximum for the circuit (411.3.2,
Table 41.1);
Where an RCD is used on a TT system, a check is made to ensure the Touch Voltage does not exceed the limit for
the circuit (411.5.3);
An adiabatic calculation is performed to ensure that the maximum permitted CPC temperature is not exceeded
during an earth fault (543.1.3).
Example 6.1 below describes the calculation for earth fault disconnection by means of the CPD.
Example 6.2 below describes the adiabatic calculation.
Example 6.3 below describes the calculation for earth fault disconnection by means of an RCD.
0.175
0.125
0.1010
0.0722
0.0789
0.0722
0.1010
0.0722
0.99
0.27
0.495
0.135
0.3867
0.135
0.495
0.135
0.0041
0.0202
0.0040
0.0029
0.0198
0.0054
0.0279
0.0285
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0.0398
0.3980
Transformer winding
2.5000 12.247
2.5259
1.8042
5.0657 14.449
Total ZL
15.1971 43.3491
3 ZL
Earth Impedances (ZG):
250 MVA Transformer primary supply network
Transformer winding
37.125
10.125
Total ZG
37.125
3ZL + ZG
52.3221 53.471
10.125
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