ASON

LI NI U
Th k 21 nh du s bng n mnh m lu lng truyn ti trn h tng mng

vin thng. Cc cng ngh truyn ti khng ngng c ci tin cng nh thay mi
nhm p ng nhu cu khng hn ch ca ngi s dng. Thi k u ca truyn ti
quang vi cng ngh truyn dn PDH gin n v thiu ng b c thay th bng
cng ngh truyn dn ng b SDH v hon thin hn na l cng ngh WDM. Th
nhng WDM vn cha phi mt gii php cng ngh ti u cho nhu cu bt tn v
bng thng ca ngi s dng. Vi d tnh trong tng lai r rng WDM bc l rt
nhiu hn ch v cn phi c thay th bng mt cng ngh mi hon thin hn.
Vo nhng nm u th k ITU-T a ra mt khi nim mng truyn ti mi,
mng quang chuyn mch t ng ASON. ASON ra i vi kht vng khc phc
c nhng nhc im ca cng ngh truyn ti c, m rng dung lng, linh hot
hn trong iu khin v qun l. C th ni ASON khng phi mt cng ngh truyn
ti hon ton mi m n c xy dng trn nn tng ca cng ngh truyn ti WDM
nhng phn qun l v iu khin c tch bit vi phn truyn ti. Do ASON n
nh v linh hot hn rt nhiu trong iu khin v qun l mng.
c s ng ca Hc vin, b mn Thng tin quang v c bit c s
hng dn nhit tnh ca KS. L Thanh Thy em mnh dn i vo tm hiu mng
quang chuyn mch t ng ASON lm ti cho n tt nghip lp i hc chnh
quy kha 2005-2009 ca Hc vin Cng ngh Bu chnh Vin thng. n gm 3
chng:
Chng 1: Tng quan v mng quang chuyn mch t ng ASON
Chng 2: Bo hiu v nh tuyn trong mng quang chuyn mch t ng
ASON
Chng 3: Gii php ASON ca Huawei.
Chng 1 tp trung tm hiu v nhng vn c bn ca ASON nh cc kin
trc: kin trc logic v kin trc chc nng; cc giao thc thng c s dng, cng
nh cc chc nng mng c h tr bi ASON.
Bo hiu v nh tuyn l nhng vn trng tm ca mng quang chuyn mch
t ng. Chng 2 tp trung xem xt cc yu cu i vi bo hiu v nh tuyn ca
mng ASON c nu ra trong 2 khuyn ngh m ca ITU-T l khuyn ngh
G.7713/Y.1704 Qun l kt ni v cuc gi phn tn v khuyn ngh G.7715/Y.1706
Kin trc v yu cu nh tuyn.
Chng 3 xem xt ti gii php xy dng mng truyn ti ASON ca Huawei
trn c s cc khuyn ngh ny. Huawei a ra mt gii php kh hon chnh cho
ASON vi vic cung cp thit b phn cng cng nh cc phn mm iu khin qun
l cho c 3 phn tch bit ca ASON l truyn ti, iu khin v qun l. Trong
chng ny tp trung nghin cu nhng loi bo v u vit c coi l sc mnh ca
series thit b OptiX OSN 6800.
Cui cng em xin gi li cm n chn thnh ti KS. L Thanh Thy v b mn
thng tin quang ht sc to iu kin gip em trong qu trnh thc hin n.
Em xin gi li cm n ti tt c cc thy c gio ht lng dy d em trong sut 9 k
hc va qua. Mt ln na em xin chn thnh cm n!
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Chng 1 Tng quan v ASON
CHNG 1
TNG QUAN V MNG QUANG CHUYN MCH T NG
Trong giai on hin nay, nhu cu rt ln v thng tin, truyn thng ca x hi
dn n rt nhiu loi hnh dch v vin thng mi ra i c bit l cc dch v bng
thng rng. Vic s dng mng truyn ti quang c bit l mng truyn ti quang WDM
phn no p ng c nhu cu . Nhng vi s pht trin bng n trong tng lai
th li l mt thch thc ln i vi mt mng truyn dn quang WDM truyn thng.
Mng truyn dn WDM truyn thng cn tn ti mt s vn :
Cu hnh dch v phc tp, vic m rng dung lng v cung cp dch v mt
rt nhiu thi gian.
Hiu qu s dng bng thng thp. Trong mng ring mt na bng thng
dng d phng.
Ch c mt s kiu bo v v hiu nng thc hin bo v km.
Mng WDM truyn thng l mng tuyn tnh v ring. Cc ng v khe thi
gian ca dch v phi khai bo trn tng ring v tng im, tn rt nhiu thi
gian v cng sc. Khi mng li pht trin m rng v phc tp, rt kh cu
hnh dch v nhanh chng.
Mng truyn dn quang WDM truyn thng cn nhiu ti nguyn d phng
v thiu cc kiu bo v dch v tin tin vi chc nng khi phc v nh tuyn.
khc phc cc nhc im trn v ph hp vi cu hnh mt li m cc mng
truyn ti quang s c p dng rng ri trong tng lai, mt mng truyn ti quang th
h mi ra i l mng quang chuyn mch t ng ASON (Automatically Switched
Optical Network). ASON l mng quang chuyn mch t ng da trn mt bng iu
khin chuyn mch nhn a giao thc tng qut (GMPLS).
Cc nh iu hnh mng trng i cc c trng u vit t ASON nh d phng
nhanh, iu hnh mng d dng hn, tin cy mng cao hn, kh nng m rng, d
dng thit k v lp k hoch hn. D phng cc knh quang trong thi gian pht thm
ch l giy s m ra mt c hi mi tn dng ti nguyn tt hn, to ra nhiu dch v
mi, v d nh mt s c ch phn b lu lng. Cc ti nguyn ca mng quang c th
c kt ni t ng ti cc m hnh lu lng d liu trong cc mng khch hng. To
mt mt phng iu khin tch bit s tc ng ng k ti vic qun l v iu hnh
mng. Cc c ch bo v v phc hi cho cc mng truyn ti quang kiu mesh s ci
thin tin cy yu cu t khch hng. Mt phng iu khin chun s cho php ti s
dng cc giao thc hin ti v gim s cn thit ca cc h thng h tr iu hnh m
rng qun l cu hnh. ASON thc hin cu hnh dch v t u cui ti u cui.
cu hnh mt dch v, bn ch cn xc nh node ngun v node ch ca n v kiu bo
v; mng t ng thc hin cc hot ng c yu cu. Trong ASON, chc nng khi
phc ng c s dng phc hi ng cc dch v.
Trong chng ny s tm hiu nhng vn c bn ca ASON.
V Th Hong Yn - D05VT1
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1.1 Kin trc ASON

ITU-T nh ngha khi nim mng quang chuyn mch t ng ASON l mt mng
truyn ti quang c kh nng kt ni ng. Kh nng ny c thc hin bi mt mt
phng iu khin thc hin cc chc nng iu khin kt ni v cuc gi.
Kin trc ca ASON chia lm 3 mt phng chnh l mt phng truyn ti, mt phng
iu khin v mt phng qun l nh c ch ra trong hnh 1-1.
Mt phng
iu khin
Mt ph
qun l
Mt phng
truyn ti
Hnh 1-1 Ba mt phng ASON
Mt phng truyn ti, cn c gi l mt phng d liu, th hin cc ti nguyn
chc nng ca mng truyn thng tin gia cc a im. N truyn cc tn hiu quang, cu
hnh kt ni - cho v chuyn mch bo v cho cc tn hiu quang, v m bo tin cy
ca tt c cc tn hiu quang.
Mt phng iu khin thc hin cc chc nng iu khin cuc gi v kt ni. Cc
chc nng ca mt phng iu khin ca ASON l t ng, c bn trn s thng minh ca
mng, bao gm, t ng pht hin, nh tuyn v bo hiu.
Mt phng qun l thc hin cc chc nng qun l cho mt phng truyn ti, mt
phng iu khin v tt c cc thnh phn khc nh mt h thng trn vn, cng nh phi
hp hot ng cho cc mt phng. Cc chc nng qun l ny lin quan ti cc thnh
phn mng, cc mng v dch v, v thng thng t t ng hn so vi mt phng iu
khin.
1.1.1 Kin trc logic
Hnh 1-2 di y ch ra cc giao din (im tham chiu) trong kin trc logic mng
ASON. UNI l mt giao din bo hiu gia cc thc th mt phng iu khin yu cu
dch v (cuc gi) v cung cp dch v. Giao din trong mng - mng (IN-NI) l mt giao
din bo hiu gia cc thc th mt phng iu khin thuc v mt hay nhiu hn cc
min c mi quan h vi nhau v giao din ngoi mng - mng (EN-NI) l mt giao din
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bo hiu gia cc thc th mt phng iu khin thuc v cc vng qun l khc nhau.
Cc giao din khc bao gm: giao din vt l (PI) trong mt phng truyn ti, giao din
iu khin kt ni (CCI) gia cc thnh phn ca mt phng iu khin v mt phng
truyn ti, v 2 loi giao din qun l mng (NMI) gia mt phng qun l v 2 mt
phng cn li. CCI cho bit cc thnh phn mng, v d, mt kt ni cho quang, thit
lp cc kt ni gia cc cng c chn. Cc giao din qun l mng c s dng gia
cc h thng qun l mng (v d, mng qun l vin thng c s (TMN)) v cc mt
phng iu khin (NMI-A) v truyn ti (NMI-T).
Mt phng qun l
NMS
NMI-A
NMI-T
Mt phng
iu khin
mng khch hng
UNI
I-NNI
CC
E-NNI
CC
Mt phng
iu khin ASON
CCI
CCI
Mt phng
truyn ti
NE v kin trc ASON
NE
Hnh 1-2 Ci nhn logic
mng
hng
CC khch B
iu khin kt ni
Mt phng
CCI
Giao din iu khin kt ni
truyn ti ASON
E-NNI
Giao din ngoi mng - mng
I-NNI
Giao din trong mng - mng
NE
Thnh phn mng
NMI-A
Giao din qun l mng - mt phng iu khin ASON
NMI-T
Giao din qun l mng - mt phng truyn ti
NMS
H thng qun l mng
PI
Giao din vt l
UNI
Giao din ngi s dng - mng
X
Giao din gia cc h thng qun l
Ti cc mng k
PI
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1.1.2 Kin trc chc nng

V mt kin trc chc nng, mt mng ASON bao gm cc thnh phn mng ASON
(ASON NE), cc TE link, cc vng v cc kt ni c nh mm SPC (soft permanent
connection).
Hnh 1-4 ch ra mi quan h gia ASON NE v NE truyn thng.
R
R1
ASON
NE
TE link
R
R4
SPC
R
R2
Min ASON
Hnh 1-3 Kin trc chcThit
nngbASON
ngi
Node ID l nhn dng duy nht ca ASON NEstrong
dngmt phng iu khin.
R Dng
ca Node ID ging nh a ch IP.
R3
B o hiu
R S V P-T E
nh tuyn
OS P F-T E
ASON N
G iao thc qun l lin kt

(LM P)
Truyn thng v iu khin
Giao din
Gom
Giao din
WD M/K hch hng
c
snphn
g mng
W D M/K
hch hng
Hnhb1-4
Thnh
ASON
NE truyn t
Node ID, NE ID, v a ch IP ca NE c lp vi nhau.

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TE link l mt lin kt k thut lu lng. ASON NE gi thng tin bng thng ca

n ti cc NE khc thng qua TE link cung cp d liu cho vic tnh ton tuyn. Mt
si lin trm gia 2 bng mch FIU c cu hnh vi 1 TE link.
Mt min ASON l mt tp con ca mt mng, c phn chia bi chc nng cho
mc tiu la chn tuyn v qun l. Mt min ASON bao gm nhiu ASON NE v TE
link. Mt ASON NE ch thuc 1 min ASON.
Trong trng hp ca kt ni c nh mm soft permanent connection (SPC), kt ni
gia ngi s dng v mng truyn dn c cu hnh trc tip bi NM. Cn kt ni bn
trong mng, c yu cu bi NM v sau c to bi mt phng iu khin ca NE
qua bo hiu. Khi dch v ASON c cp n, n thng c coi l SPC.
Kt ni c nh permanent connection (PC) l mt kt ni dch v c tnh ton
trc v sau c to ra qua NM bng cch pht mt yu cu ti NE.
Kt ni chuyn mch switched connection (SC) l mt kt ni dch v c yu cu
bi mt im kt cui (v d, mt router) v sau c to ra trong mt phng iu
khin ASON thng qua bo hiu.
1.1.3 Bo v v khi phc mng
Khi pht trin mng truyn dn, kh nng duy tr hot ng ca mng tr thnh yu
t then cht trong thit k, iu hnh v bo dng mng. Mt mng ASON phi c cc
c ch bo v v khi phc mm do v hiu qu.
Thng thng, bo v lin quan n dung lng phn b trc gia cc NE. Bo v
ch lin quan ti cc NE m khng lin quan ti h thng qun l. Thi gian chuyn mch
bo v ngn, thng thng khng ln hn 50ms. Tuy nhin, cc ti nguyn d phng
khng c chia s trong mng.
Khi phc lin quan ti vic s dng bt k dung lng kh dng no gia cc NE.
Thm ch dung lng ln u tin thp cng c th c s dng cho khi phc. Khi mt
tuyn dch v b li, mng t ng tm kim mt tuyn mi v chuyn mch cc dch v
t tuyn li sang. Thut ton khi phc ging thut ton la chn tuyn. Khi phc yu
cu cc ti nguyn d tr trong mng cho ti nh tuyn dch v bao gm vic tnh ton
cc tuyn. Khi phc dch v mt mt thi gian kh di, lun lun phi mt vi giy.
Cc c ch bo v truyn thng vn c th c p dng trong mt mng ASON.
Khi mt li xy ra, chuyn mch bo v c thc hin bi mt phng truyn ti m
khng lin quan ti mt phng iu khin.
Trong trng hp ca mt mng ASON, c ch ti nh tuyn c p dng khi
phc cc dch v. Khi mt LSP li, node ngun tnh ton tuyn tt nht khi phc dch
v v s dng bo hiu to mt LSP. Sau , tuyn mi mang cc dch v. i vi cc
dch v khng tr li, LSP ban u b xa sau khi LSP mi c to, cn i vi cc dch
v tr li, LSP c s khng b xa. Cc li ch ca vic ti nh tuyn l:
Cc dch v c th c khi phc nhanh v t ng.
Yu cu dung lng d phng t hn khi mng ASON khi phc trong thi
gian thc. Kh nng tn dng bng thng tng ng k.
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Cc c ch khi phc mng c th c chia thnh c ch khi phc tp trung v c

ch khi phc phn tn da vo k thut iu khin.
Khi phc tp trung yu cu mt h thng iu khin trung tm iu khin ton
b mng mt cch ton din. H thng iu khin trung tm bao gm mt c s d liu
mng rng ln, lu gi tt c cc thng tin v tt c cc node, cc lin kt v cc ti
nguyn d tr. Khi mt lin kt hoc mt node b li, thng tin li c thng bo v h
thng iu khin trung tm dc cc tuyn khc. H thng iu khin trung tm sau tnh
ton mt tuyn thay th cho tuyn li theo thng tin lu gi trong c s d liu. Sau
h thng iu khin trung tm pht ra cc mnh lnh iu khin ti mi node to mt
tuyn mi khi phc dch v.
C ch khi phc phn tn khng yu cu bt k h thng iu khin trung tm no.
Khi mt lin kt li, tt c cc node ti 2 u lin kt li pht hin li v pht tn thng
tin ny ra ton mng. Tt c cc LSP lin quan ti lin kt li hoc node ti nh tuyn v
cc LSP mi c to khi phc dch v.
1.2 Giao thc ASON

Hin ti mt s mng truyn dn ASON trin khai trong thc t thng p dng
LMP nh mt giao thc qun l lin kt, giao thc nh tuyn OSPF-TE, v RSVP-TE l
giao thc bo hiu.
1.2.1. LMP
LMP thc hin chc nng to v duy tr cc knh iu khin gia cc node lin k
trong mt mng ASON. Th tc to cc knh iu khin nh sau:
LMP
LMP
Bn tin yu cu
NODE2
NODE1
Bn tin tr li
Hnh 1-5 To cc knh iu khin

Khi 2 ASON NE lin k bt u bt, LMP s dng cc mo u OTN hoc cc knh
DCC ca OSC pht cc bn tin. Node 1 pht bn tin yu cu to knh iu khin ti
node 2, node 2 thc hin kim tra cc bn tin nhn. Nu bn tin qua c kim tra,
node 2 tr li bn tin cho node 1. Nu bn tin khng qua c kim tra, node 2 tr li
mt bn tin khc cho node 1, ch th rng bn tin li. Node 2 i mt kim tra khc. Sau
, mt knh iu khin gia 2 node c to.
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Sau khi knh iu khin c to, 2 node lu gi thng tin v knh iu khin v
nhn dng knh iu khin theo ID.
Sau khi cc knh iu khin c cu hnh, v kim tra thuc tnh nht qun c
thc hin ti cc TE link xem nu thng tin nhn dng ti c 2 u ca cc link TE
c cu hnh th cng hoc c pht hin ng hay khng. Nu kim tra thnh cng,
giao thc OSPF c s dng chuyn thng tin ca cc TE link ti ton mng.
Nh c ch ra trong hnh 1-6, node 1 pht bn tin v ni dung c kim tra ti
node 2, node 2 kim tra xem n c cng thng tin khng v gi kt qu kim tra tr li
cho node 1.
LMP
LMP
Bn tin kim tra

NODE2
NODE1
Bn tin tr li
Hnh 1-6 Kim tra cc TE link
1.2.2 OSPF-TE
Mt phng iu khin thng s dng OSPF-TE, l mt giao thc m rng ca
OSPF, v thc hin cc chc nng sau:
To cc mi quan h lin k
To v duy tr cc lin kt iu khin
Pht tn v thu thp thng tin v cc lin kt iu khin trn mt phng iu
khin. Theo thng tin , giao thc sau to ra thng tin v cc tuyn c yu
cu cho vic chuyn tip bn tin trong mt phng iu khin.
Pht tn v thu thp thng tin v cc TE link trn mt phng iu khin. Giao
thc sau to ra thng tin v cc cu hnh dch v mng cho vic tnh ton
tuyn dch v.
1.2.3 RSVP-TE
RSVP-TE l mt giao thc dnh trc ti nguyn, l mt kiu bo hiu. Trong k
thut lu lng, RSVP c m rng thnh RSVP-TE. RSVP-TE ch yu h tr cc
chc nng sau:
To LSP
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Xa LSP
Thay i thuc tnh LSP
Ti nh tuyn LSP
Ti u ha tuyn LSP
Bo mt giao thc
Mt thc th bn ngoi c th thay i cc gi giao thc OSPF-TE ca mng, gi
mo mt node trong mng v pht cc gi, hoc nhn cc gi c pht bi cc node
trong mng v tn cng lin tc. m bo an ton mng, ASON cung cp cc chc
nng bo mt cc giao thc. Trong mt min ASON, cc giao thc RSVP v OSPF-TE
c bo mt nhn thc.
Nhn thc RSVP c cu hnh cho cc node v nhn thc OSPF-TE cho cc giao
din lin kt (cc khe v cc giao din quang).C th l khng nhn thc, nhn thc vn
bn r rng hoc nhn thc MD5.
Khng nhn thc: Khng yu cu nhn thc trong ch ny.
Nhn thc vn bn r rng: kim tra kha t trc. M nhn thc phi l
mt chui k t vi khng nhiu hn 8 k t.
Nhn thc MD5: kim tra thng tin c bo mt bi thut ton MD5.
M nhn thc phi l mt chui k t vi khng nhiu hn 64 k t.
Kim tra ch thnh cng khi cc cc ch nhn thc v kha ca cc node lin k
l ging nhau.
1.3 Cc lin kt ASON

Lin kt ASON bao gm cc knh iu khin, cc lin kt iu khin v cc TE link.
1.3.1 Cc knh iu khin
LMP to v duy tr cc knh iu khin gia cc NE. Knh iu khin cung cp mt
knh vt l cho cc gi LMP. Cc knh iu khin c chia lm cc knh iu khin
trong si v ngoi si. Cc knh iu khin trong si t ng tm v s dng mo u
OTN hoc cc byte D4-D12 ca DCC. Knh iu khin ngoi si s dng cc kt ni
Ethernet, nn c cu hnh nhn cng.
1.3.2 Cc lin kt iu khin
Cc lin kt iu khin l cc lin kt truyn thng c to ra truyn thng gia
cc thc th giao thc ca cc NE.
Lin kt iu khin OSPF c to v duy tr bi giao thc OSPF gia 2 node.
Thng tin ca cc lin kt iu khin OSPF c pht tn ti thc th mng. Trong cch
ny, mi NE c th nhn c thng tin v sau thit lp cu hnh iu khin. Giao thc
OSPF ca mi NE tnh ton tuyn iu khin ngn nht cho mi NE theo cu hnh iu
khin. Cc tuyn sau c lu trong bng chuyn tip. Bo hiu RSVP sau s dng
cc tuyn ny pht cc gi bn tin.
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Mc nh, cc lin kt iu khin c to trong cc si. Cc lin kt iu khin

cng c th c to bn ngoi cc si trong mi trng m giao thc OSPF ca cc cng
Ethernet cho php.
Mc d cc lin kt iu khin v cc knh iu khin c to ra trong cc mo u
OTN hoc cc knh DCC (D4-D12), nhng chng khc nhau v chc nng v c lp vi
nhau. Giao thc OSPF pht tn thng tin v cc lin kt iu khin ti ton mng. Mi
ASON NE lu thng tin v cc lin kt iu khin mng - din rng. Cc ASON NE
khng pht thng tin v cc knh iu khin ti cc thc th mng. Mi NE ch qun l
v lu gi thng tin v cc knh iu khin ca n m thi.
TE link l mt lin kt k thut lu lng. ASON NE gi thng tin bng thng ca
n ti cc ASON NE khc qua TE link cung cp d liu cho vic tnh ton tuyn. TE
link l mt khi nim ca cc ti nguyn. Cc bng khc nhau to ra cc TE link khc
nhau. TE link c th c chia thnh cc kiu sau:
OCh TE link
OTU2 TE link v ODU2 TE link
OTU1 TE link v ODU1 TE link
OTU5G TE link v ODU 5G TE link.
1.4 Kh nng t ng pht hin ca cc cu hnh mng

Kh nng pht hin t ng ca cc cu hnh mng bao gm pht hin t ng cc
lin kt iu khin v cc TE link.
1.4.1 Kh nng t ng pht hin ca cc lin kt iu khin
Mng ASON t ng pht hin cc lin kt iu khin thng qua giao thc OSPFTE.
Khi kt ni si (bao gm si lin trm t ng pht hin v si trong trm cu hnh
nhn cng) hon thnh trong mt mng ASON, mi ASON NE s dng giao thc OSPF
pht hin cc lin kt iu khin v sau pht tn thng tin v cc lin kt iu khin
ca bn thn n ti cc thc th mng. Kt qu l, mi NE thu c thng tin ca cc lin
kt iu khin trong ton mng v cng thu c thng tin v cu hnh iu khin mng din rng. Mi ASON NE sau tnh ton tuyn ngn nht ti bt k ASON NE no v
vit chng trong bng chuyn tip nh tuyn, c s dng cho bo hiu RSVP pht
v nhn cc gi.
Khi kt ni si trong ton mng hon thnh, cc ASON NE t ng pht hin cu
hnh iu khin mng din rng v bo co thng tin cu hnh ti h thng qun l
hin th thi gian thc.
1.4.2 Kh nng t ng pht hin ca cc TE link
Mng ASON tri cc TE link ti ton mng qua cc giao thc OSPF-TE.
Sau khi mt ASON NE to mt knh iu khin gia cc NE hng xm thng qua
LMP, vic kim tra TE link bt u. Mi ASON NE pht tn cc TE link ca n ti ton
mng thng qua OSPF-TE. Mi NE sau nhn cc TE link ca mng-din rng, l,
cu hnh ti nguyn mng-din rng.
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n tt nghip i hc
Phn mm ASON pht hin thay i trong cu hnh ti nguyn thi gian thc, bao
gm vic xa v thm cc lin kt, v thay i cc tham s ca lin kt, v sau thng
bo li thay i vi T2000 thc hin cp nht thi gian thc.
Nh c ch ra trong hnh 1-7, nu mt link b t, NM cp nht cu hnh ti
nguyn hin th trn NM trong thi gian thc.
R
R1
ASON
NE
R
R4
R
R2
Hnh 1-7 T ng pht hin TE link

Thit b ngi
1.5 To v xa mt tuyn ASON
s dng
R
R3nh
Bo hin RSVP-TE c s dng trong sut qu trnh to, xa, thay i v ti
tuyn mt tuyn ASON.
1.5.1 To LSP
To mt tuyn ASON l to mt LSP.
Ngi s dng c th lp node, lin kt, bc sng c thit k, chn lc node
v link gii hn tuyn dch v. i vi cc cng thng qua bi cc dch v bc sng
c gi bi node ngun, bc sng c th thit k cho vic to dch v c bn trn c
trng lin quan ti bc sng iu hng.
ASON da vo khong cch si, s lng hop v bng thng kh dng theo cc
trng s do ngi s dng lp chn tuyn tt nht.
Nh c ch ra trong hnh 1-8, to mt dch v song hng t NE1 ti NE3.
Qu trnh to mt LSP nh sau:
- 11 -
n tt nghip i hc
Chn cc thng tin c bn nh mc dch v trn NM, node ngun, node ch

l NE1 v NE3. Chn cc giao din quang WDM ca cc bng OTU tng ng
v lp iu kin bt buc ca tuyn theo thc t. Sau khi xc nhn thng tin, NM
pht mt yu cu to dch v ti node ngun NE1.
Mt dch v song hng

cn to t NE 1 ti NE 3
NE2
NE1
R1
4
6
NE3
Hnh 1-8 To LSP

Tnh ton tuyn
NE1
dng
t NE
1 tisNE
3 thut ton CSPF tnh ton tuyn dch v ph hp nht theo
cu hnh iu khin v cu hnh dch v, t c OSPF-TE thng qua s hi t.

V d, tuyn dch v NE1-NE2-NE3.
NE1 s dng giao thc nh tuyn RSVP-TE pht mt bn tin ti NE2
theo tuyn dch v. NE1 yu cu NE2 dnh trc ti nguyn v to mt kt ni
cho.
NE2 s dng giao thc nh tuyn RSVP-TE pht mt bn tin ti NE3.
NE2 yu cu NE3 dnh trc ti nguyn v to mt kt ni cho.
Sau khi NE3 to kt ni cho, NE3 cung cp bn tin tr li NE2.
NE2 cung cp bn tin phn hi ti NE1.
NE1 nhn bn tin phn hi v lu thng tin c lin quan. NE2 sau bo co
to thnh cng LSP ti h thng qun l.
1.5.2 Xa LSP
Xa mt LSP l xa mt tuyn ASON. Nh c ch ra trong hnh 1-9, dch v song
hng t NE1 ti NE3 b xa.
- 12 -
n tt nghip i hc
Qu trnh xa mt LSP nh sau:

H thng qun l pht mt yu cu ti NE1. Yu cu mt dch v song hng
t NE1 ti NE2 b xa.
NE1 xa ti nguyn s dng bi LSP v s dng bo hiu RSVP-TE pht
mt bn tin ti NE2.
Sau khi nhn bn tin t NE1, NE2 xa ti nguyn s dng bi LSP v s
dng bo hiu RSVP-TE pht bn tin ti NE3.
Sau khi nhn bn tin t NE2, NE3 xa ti nguyn s dng bi LSP.
Xa mt dch v song
hng t NE 1 ti NE 3
NE2
NE1
R1
3
6
NE3
Hnh 1-9 Xa mt LSP

1.5.3 Ti nh tuyn LSP
Sau khi cc iu kin khi mo c pht hin, i vi cc dch v non-revertive,
mt LSP mi c to v LSP ban u b xa, trong khi i vi cc dch v revertive,
LSP ban u s c khi phc.
Khi mt LSP li, LSP li gi mt yu cu ti nh tuyn ti mt phng iu khin
to mt LSP mi. Sau khi nhn yu cu, node ngun tnh ton li tuyn v phn b ti
nguyn cho LSP mi. Sau , node ngun bt u to mt LSP mi.
Sau khi mt LSP mi c to, LSP ban u b xa.
1.5.4 Thay i mt LSP
Thay i mt LSP l nng cp mt tuyn ASON. Qu trnh thay i mt LSP:
- 13 -
n tt nghip i hc
H thng qun l pht mt yu cu ti node ngun thay i LSP. Sau khi

nhn yu cu, node ngun bt u to mt LSP mi.
Sau khi mt LSP mi c to, node ngun v node ch bt u chuyn
mch kt ni cho t LSP ban u sang LSP mi.
Sau khi chuyn mch, node ngun bt u qu trnh xa LSP ban u.
1.6 Chc nng mng

1.6.1 Cu hnh dch v t u cui ti u cui
Mng ASON h tr cu hnh dch v t u cui ti u cui, rt thun tin.
ASON h tr c cc kt ni vnh cu WDM v cc dch v ASON t u cui ti
u cui. cu hnh mt dch v, bn ch cn xc nh node ngun, node ch, bng
thng yu cu, v mc bo v. nh tuyn dch v v kt ni cho ti cc node trung gian
l hon ton t ng bi mng. Bn cng c th thit lp node hin, node loi tr, link
hin, link loi tr bt buc nh tuyn dch v.
V d, xem cu hnh mt dch v ASON gia A v I trong hnh 1-10. Mng t ng
tm tuen A-D-E-I v cu hnh u ni cho to node A, D, E, I. Mc d c nhiu hn
mt tuyn t A ti I, mng tnh ton tuyn tt nht theo thut ton cu hnh. N tha nhn
rng A-D-E-I l tuyn tt nht.
Dch v c to nh sau:
Chn mc server
Chn node ngun
Chn node ch
To dch v
- 14 -
n tt nghip i hc
R
R1
R
R4
R
R2
ASON NE
R
Hnh 1-10 Cu hnh dch v t u cui ti u cui
ngi
dng
R3
1.6.2RTha Thit
thun b
mc
dch s
v SLA
Mng ASON c th cung cp cc dch v vi QoS khc nhau ti cc khch hng
khc nhau
Bng 1-1 Mc dch v
Thi gian
chuyn mch
Thi gian ti
nh tuyn
Bo v v khi phc
Ti nh
tuyn v bo
v 1+1
Nh hn 50ms
Nhiu giy
Dch v
vng
Bo v v khi phc
Ti nh
tuyn v bo
v ODUk
SPRing
Nh hn 50ms
Nhiu giy
Dch v
bc
Khi phc
Ti nh
tuyn
Nhiu giy
Dch v
Dch v
kim
cng
C ch bo v v khi Cch thc thc

phc
hin
- 15 -
n tt nghip i hc
Dch v
ng
Khng bo v
Khng khi phc
Tha thun mc dch v (SLA) c s dng phn loi cc dch v theo kh nng
bo v dch v, c lit k trong bng 1-1.
Ngoi ra mng truyn ti ASON cn c nhiu chc nng mng khc v d nh lin
kt dch v, ti u ha dch v, a dch v tr li tuyn ban u sau khi ti nh tuyn,
cn bng lu lng mng
Chng 1 nghin cu nhng vn c bn ca mng quang chuyn mch t
ng ASON. ASON c kin trc 3 mt phng: mt phng truyn ti, mt phng iu
khin v mt phng qun l. Kin trc logic v kin trc chc nng ca ASON cng tun
theo s phn chia ny. Trong phn 1.2 cc giao thc thng thy trong cc mng ASON
hin ti c tm hiu vi 3 giao thc c bn: giao thc qun l lin kt LMP, giao thc
nh tuyn OSPF-TE v giao thc ginh trc ti nguyn RSVP-TE. Cc phn sau nghin
cu cc lin kt ca ASON vi cc knh iu khin, cc lin kt iu khin v cc TE
link; kh nng t ng pht hin ca cc cu hnh mng ASON; vic to v xa mt tuyn
ASON cng ng ngha vi vic to v xa cc LSP. V cui cng l cc chc nng
mng c h tr bi ASON vi 2 chc nng quan trng nht l cu hnh dch v t u
cui ti u cui v tha thun mc dch v SLA, ngoi ra cn nhiu chc nng khc nh
lin kt dch v, ti u ha dch v,
- 16 -
n tt nghip i hc
ASON
Chng 2 Bo hiu v nh tuyn trong
CHNG 2
BO HIU V NH TUYN TRONG ASON
Chng 2 nghin cu nhng vn c bn v vic qun l kt ni, cuc gi phn
tn trong ASON cng nh nh tuyn ca n. C bn da trn cc khuyn ngh
G.7713/Y.1704 Qun l kt ni v cuc gi phn tn v G.7715/Y.1706 Kin trc v cc
yu cu nh tuyn cho mng quang chuyn mch t ng ASON ca ITU-T.
2.1 Qun l kt ni v cuc gi phn tn (DCM)

Qun l kt ni v cuc gi phn tn (DCM) cng c coi l phn bo hiu ca
ASON. N cung cp cc yu cu cho vic truyn thng ca cc khi iu khin cuc gi,
iu khin kt ni v qun l ti nguyn lin kt. Ch r cc hot ng thit lp v gii
phng cuc gi da trn cc kt ni.
2.1.1 Cc yu cu ca DCM
Trc khi bt k cuc gi no c thit lp, cc hp ng gia ngi yu cu v
nh cung cp cn phi c thit lp. Hp ng ny ch r:
ID hp ng
Tha thun mc dch v
Thng tin c yu cu cho php iu khin chnh sch. V d, n c th bao
gm thng tin cung cp nhn thc v ton vn.
Bn trong mi trng qun l kt ni phn tn, cc vai tr c th c phn b cho
cc agent khc nhau da trn v tr ca chng so vi lung bo hiu. Hnh 2-2 ch ra cc
im tham chiu ny.
Min 1
Min 2
SC-a U N I
AGC-a
ASC-1 I-N N ITSC-1
ZSC-1
ASN-1
ZSN-1
TSN-1
E-N N I
ASC-n
ASN-n
ZSC-n
ZSN-n
Hnh 2-1 S im tham chiu cho qun l cuc gi phn tn

Cc thnh phn trong mt phng truyn ti trong hnh 2-1 l cc mng con khc nhau
v cc container nhm truy nhp (AGC): AGC-a, ASN-1, TSN-1, ZSN-1, ASN-n, ZSN-n,
AGC-z.
Qun l kt ni v cuc gi phn tn cng c bit n nh "bo hiu". Cc thnh
phn chc nng lin quan ti cuc gi ti ngi s dng cui c bit n nh cc b
iu khin cuc gi pha gi/b gi, hay CCC. Mt CCC ban u l mt "CCC-a" v mt
CCC ch l mt "CCC-z". Cc b iu khin cuc gi lin quan ti mt mng con l cc
b iu khin cuc gi mng (NCC) v i vi mt min ring n, l mt "NNC-n".
- 17 -
n tt nghip i hc
ASON
Cc b iu khin kt ni cho ngi s dng cui c nhn bit nh CC-a v CCz. Bn trong mt min n, cc b iu khin kt ni A-end, chuyn tip, Z-end c bit
n nh ACC-n, TCC-n, v ZCC-n.
Mt b iu khin bo hiu bao gm cc chc nng iu khin kt ni v/hoc iu
khin cuc gi. i vi ngi s dng cui, n c biu th bng SC-a v SC-z. Bn
trong min n, cc b iu khin bo hin A-end, chuyn tip, Z-end l ASC-n, TSC-n, v
ZSC-n. Nh rng TSC thng khng c iu khin cuc gi nh trong hnh 2-1.
2.1.1.1 Cc th tc qun l kt ni v cuc gi phn tn
Cc chc nng khi iu khin cuc gi (CallC), iu khin kt ni (CC) v khi
qun l ti nguyn lin kt (LRM) qun l tt c cc yu cu cuc gi ln kt ni, bao
gm cc hot ng nguyn thy ca n nh thit lp kt ni, sa cha mt kt ni v gii
phng kt ni. hon thnh mt hot ng, CallC, CC v LRM lin hnh vi cc thnh
phn sau thit lp v gii phng kt ni.
Khi iu khin nh tuyn (RC): Khi iu khin nh tuyn cung cp cc
thng tin tuyn khi c truy vn bi CC.
Chc nng iu khin nhn bit cuc gi (CAC)
C uc gi
C C C-a
C C C-a
Min 1
N C C-1
N C C-1
N C C-n
Kt n
N C C-n
E-N N I
AGC
C uc gi
Min n
Phn on
cuc gi U N I
LC
Phn on
cuc gi mng con
SNC
Phn on
cuc gi E-N N I
Phn on
cuc gi mng con
LC
SN C
LC
Hnh 2-2 Cc kt ni v cc phn on cuc gi

Kt ni
Khi iu khin cuc gi (CallC)
Khi iu khin kt ni (CC)
Khi qun l ti nguyn lin kt (LRM).
Khi iu khin cuc gi pha gi lin hnh vi mt khi iu khin cuc gi pha b
gi bi mt hoc nhiu hn cc khi iu khin cuc gi mng NCC. Chc nng NCC
c cung cp ti bin mng (ngha l im tham chiu UNI) v cng c th c cung
cp ti cc gateway gia cc vng (ngha l cc im tham chiu E-NNI). Mt cuc gi t
u cui ti u cui c xem nh bao gm nhiu phn on cuc gi khi cuc gi i
qua nhiu min. Mi phn on cuc gi c th gm mt hoc nhiu kt ni (LC hoc
SNC) lin kt vi n. iu ny cho php tnh mm do trong cc la chn ca cc kiu
bo hiu, bo v v khi phc trong cc min khc nhau.
S lng cc kt ni kt hp vi cc phn on cuc gi c th khng ging nhau
mc d trong cng mt cuc gi t u cui ti u cui. Trong hnh 11, phn on cuc
Phn
cuc g
- 18 -
n tt nghip i hc
ASON
gi UNI c mt LC kt hp vi n, phn on cuc gi mng con cho min 1 c 2 SNC

kt hp. iu ny cho php mng c cc chnh sch khc nhau trong min ca n. Tt c
cc ti nguyn truyn ti trong hnh 2-2 l trong min tng bao gm cc min t 1 n n.
nh tuyn trong min tng ny cung cp hiu bit rng cc min 1 v n cn c i qua
h tr mt cuc gi gia 2 client trong hnh.
C cuc gi v kt ni c th c i qua cc im tham chiu E-NNI intra-carrier.
S tch bit gia cc khi nim phn on cuc gi v cuc gi/kt ni cho php trong
cc ng dng sau:
Bo v trn c s min. S SNC c th khc nhau gia cc min.
Khi phc trn c s min. SNC li l nguyn nhn ca mt LC b ri, v
mt th tc ti nh tuyn c th c cung cp bi mng khi phc SNC b
li.
NCC ti cc ng bao min cng s cho php mi min c cc chc nng c lp,
v d, mt min c th c kh nng bo v 1+1 trong khi cc min khc th khng.
NCC v CC ti bin mng v cc ng bao thc hin cc chc nng khc nhau.
a) To LC v SNC
Vic thit lp t u cui ti u cui mt cuc gi bao gm vic yu cu cuc gi,
yu cu cc kt ni, v thit lp cc ti nguyn khc nhau to mt kt ni. Hnh 2-3
minh ha kt ni c lp h tr mt cuc gi.
Cc ti nguyn sau c s dng thit lp cuc gi:
im mng con SNP
B SNP (SNPP)
Kt ni lin kt (LC).
AGC-a
AG
Hnh 2-3 Thit lp LC v SNC cho mt yu cu cuc gi

LC c thit lp bng cch ch nh cc SNP c dn xp gia cc LRM. Sau
cho php CC to mt SNC. Vic ch nh cc SNP c th c thc hin nh mt s thay
i trng thi ca SNP (v d, t AVAILABLE ti PROVISIONED; cc SNP vi trng
thi POTENTIAL hoc BUSY khng th s dng cho to kt ni). Hnh 2-4 m t vic
thit lp LC bi cc LRM.
- 19 -
n tt nghip i hc
ASON
Thit lp mt LC c th c thay th. v d, i vi bo hiu ngi s dng

mng, ngi s dng cng c th xc nh LC s dng (ngha l ngi s dng xc
nh SNP); tuy nhin, mng c th chn LC thay th s dng, ngha l xc nh mt
SNP khc.
Bo hiu
Kt ni lin kt
SNPP
Lin kt
Hnh 2-4 Thit lp kt ni lin kt bng cch ch nh cc SNP

SNP
to mt SNC, cc LRM
SNP phi tn ti v c xc nhn bi LRM rng buc cc
SNP ny nhm to mt SNC. iu ny bao gm vic dn xp vi LRM hng ln cho
mt SNP (m c th i din cho mt LC) v dn xp vi LRM hng xung cho mt
SNP (m c th i din cho mt LC). Cc LC n v i ny (v cc SNP li vo/ra c
lin quan ca chng) nhn dng cc SNP c s dng to SNC.
Vic chn la cc ti nguyn cho mt hot ng kt ni khng dn ti s phn b
cc ti nguyn ny. S phn b ti nguyn c th xy ra ti bt k pha no ca bo hiu,
v d phn b c th xy ra trong sut yu cu u tin hoc trong p ng yu cu .
Thm na, cc ti nguyn ny u tin c th c d tr trc khi phn b. D tr trong
trng hp ca thit lp cuc gi biu th s nhn dng cc ti nguyn sn c s dng,
nhng khng tc ng ti cc ti nguyn ny cho ti khi pha phn b xy ra. Vic s
dng d tr ny ngn yu cu khc t vic nhn dng cng ti nguyn s dng, v n
trnh cc ti nguyn t trng thi undergoing thay i nu cuc gi b t chi. Tt c c
th c iu khin nh mt phn ca vic lp trng thi cc SNP v lin hnh vi cc
thnh phn LRM.
- 20 -
n tt nghip i hc
ASON
Bo hiu
Bo hiu
CC
Kt ni SNPP-A
lin kt
SNPP-B
Kt ni mng con
Mng con
Kt ni
lin kt
SNP
Hnh 2-5 To mt kt ni mng con SNC sau khi thit lp cc kt ni lin kt LC

Lp mt SNC l mt qu trnh xut hin ngoi mt mng con v c iu khin bi
CC. Mt SNC c to sau khi xc nh cc SNP cho c im kt ni u vo v u ra.
Cc SNP u vo v u ra c nhn dng nh mt phn ca vic thit lp cc LC
(thng qua LRM). Hnh 2-5 m t mt SNC c lp cng vi b iu khin kt ni lin
quan v i SNP lin quan ti vic lp mt SNC.
b) Qu trnh yu cu cuc gi
h tr dch v kt ni chuyn mch SC, mt yu cu cuc gi c bt u bi
agent yu cu ca ngi s dng A-end (CCC-a) qua mt bn tin yu cu thit lp cuc
gi gi bi CCC-a ti b iu khin cuc gi pha gi. Yu cu cuc gi ny xc nh
thng tin lin quan ti cuc gi m ngi s dng yu cu. Thng tin c th bao gm
thng tin lin quan ti dch v v thng tin lin quan ti chnh sch. Thng tin ny c
nhn bi CallC nm bn trong ASC. Tip theo CallC x l yu cu cuc gi l lin hnh
vi cc thnh phn khc trong ASC h tr yu cu cuc gi.
h tr dch v kt ni c nh mm SPC, b iu khin cuc gi khch hng
c iu khin bi mt phng qun l vi vic yu cu qun l NCC thit lp cuc
gi. V tr trn mt phng truyn ti ca im cui cuc gi ny l mt im kt cui
SPC, v mt b nhn dng ti nguyn truyn ti UNI c lin quan. Vi qun l a ch
mng truyn ti trung cho cc SNPP, khng yu cu mt b nhn dng ti nguyn truyn
ti UNI cho im cui SPC.
cung cp iu khin li v trnh cc chuyn i trng thi khng nh trc, mt
c ch timeout c yu cu. C ch timeout c khi u bi ngi s dng yu cu
cuc gi (cho c yu cu thit lp v gii phng cuc gi).
Thit lp mt cuc gi
Hnh 2-6 m t vic thit lp mt cuc gi, v cc lung tn hiu gia cc thnh phn
lin quan.
- 21 -
n tt nghip i hc
ASON
Yu cu thit lp cuc gi
Xc nhn thit lp cuc gi
CCC-a
NCC-1
CC-a
ACC-1
TCC-1
Du hiu thit lp cuc gi
NCC-1
NCC-n
NCC-n
CC
ZCC-1
ACC-n
ZCC-n
CC-
Hnh 2-6 Qu trnh yu cu thit lp cuc gi

i vi mt yu cu thit lp cuc gi bao To
gm cc
ktbc
ni sau:
- CCC-a yu cu thit lp cuc gi. Ti u vo NCC-1, cc qu trnh c bt u
kim tra yu cu cuc gi (iu ny c th bao gm kim tra nhn thc l ton vn ca
yu cu cng nh cc rng buc t ra bi cc quyt nh chnh sch). Yu cu cng c
gi ti cc b iu khin cuc gi mng trung gian. Cc qu trnh trong NCC u ra
(NCC-n kt hp vi ZCC-n trong hnh 2-6) c th bao gm c vic xc minh xem yu cu
cuc gi c c chp nhn t u cui ti u cui khng (v d, yu cu xc minh cuc
gi CCC-z).
- Sau khi kim tra thnh cng, CCC-a tip tc yu cu thit lp cuc gi bng cch
bt u mt yu cu to kt ni ti CC. Qu trnh yu cu to kt ni c m t trong
phn sau. Da trn cc quyt nh thit k giao thc khc nhau, s bt u yu cu to kt
ni c th xut hin trong mt trnh t khc nh c ch ra trong hnh 2-6. Yu cu l
ca mt mng c to trc khi cuc gi hon thnh.
- Sau khi xc nhn thnh cng qu trnh yu cu to kt ni (qua tt c cc phn
on cuc gi) yu cu thit lp cuc gi hon thnh thnh cng, v vic chuyn thng
tinh c trng ca ngi s dng c th bt u.
Nu qu trnh yu cu thit lp cuc gi khng thnh cng, mt thng bo t chi
cuc gi c gi ti ngi s dng.
Gii phng cuc gi
Hnh 2-7 minh ha s gii phng cuc gi, v cc lung tn hiu gia cc thnh phn
lin quan.
- 22 -
n tt nghip i hc
ASON
Yu cu gii phng cuc gi

CCC-a
NCC-1
Du hiu gii phng cuc gi

NCC-1
NCC-n
NCC-n
CC-a
ACC-1 TCC-1 ZCC-1

ACC-n
ZCC-n
Hnh 2-7 Qu trnh yu cu gii phng cuc gi
Gii
Bt k b iu khin cuc gi no cng
c phng
th bt kt
u ni
mt yu cu gii phng cuc
gi. Mt yu cu gii phng cuc gi (nh kim tra) phi lun c kt qu l gii phng
cuc gi thnh cng. Tuy nhin, bt k khuyt im no lin quan ti yu cu gii phng
cuc gi cng c th c thng bo ti mt h thng qun l ngay sau (bao gm
thng tin c th v s suy gim bt k kt ni thnh phn no khng c gii phng), v
cc th tc c th c t trong v tr trnh s truy nhp hay s dng kt ni gii
phng khng thnh cng. Mt yu cu gii phng cuc gi bt u t b iu khin cuc
gi pha gi nh trong hnh 2-7.
- Kim tra yu cu gii phng cuc gi ti b iu khin cuc gi mng u vo
(NCC-1 u vo). iu ny c th bao gm kim tra nhn thc v ton vn ca yu cu,
cng vi cc rng buc c t bi cc quyt nh chnh sch.
- Sau khi kim tra thnh cng, yu cu gii phng cuc gi tip tc bng vic khi
u mt yu cu gii phng kt ni. Qu trnh yu cu gii phng kt ni c m t
trong phn c). Da trn cc quyt nh thit k giao thc khc nhau, m vic khi u yu
cu gii phng kt ni c th xut hin trong mt trnh t khc nh c ch ra trong hnh
2-7. Yu cu ny l mt kt ni c gii phng trc khi cuc gi c gii phng. Nu
c a kt ni lin quan ti mt phn on cuc gi, tt c chng s c gii phng.
- Nh du hiu ch ra bi qu trnh yu cu gii phng kt ni, yu cu gii phng
cuc gi thnh cng.
Nu thit lp kt ni b t chi v theo t chi mt cuc gi (v d, do khng c
kh nng gii phn b ti nguyn, gii phng mt SNC hoc mt LC) mt thng bo
c gi ti MP.
Ph thuc vo cc "c trng" ca mng truyn ti (v d, gim st c c kch
hot hay khng), cc iu kin ko theo c th xut hin gia bn tin yu cu gii phng
cuc gi v yu cu gii phng kt ni. Da trn iu kin ko theo ny gia chui bo
hiu t CCC-a ti CCC-z, v chui tn hiu truyn ti (v d, OCI c c trang b hay
khng) t AGC-a ti AGC-z, cc cnh bo no c th c gia tng ti cc mng con
hng xung. h tr mt mi trng nh th, cn c mt c ch cho php kch
hot hay khng kch hot cc kh nng gim st lin quan ti cuc gi trc khi gii phn
- 23 -
CCC
CC-z
n tt nghip i hc
ASON
b cc kt ni. V d, khi ng qu trnh ARC hay TPmode/PortMode trc khi bt u

bt k yu cu gii phng kt ni no. Vic chn thng bo li c th l cn thit trnh
khi mo qu trnh bo v/khi phc.
c) Qu trnh yu cu kt ni
Mt yu cu kt ni c khi u nh mt kt qu ca qu trnh yu cu cuc gi.
Yu cu kt ni thc hin xp xp to v gii phng cc kt ni v phn b/gii phn
b cc ti nguyn nhm tc ng ti kt ni.
Hnh 2-8 m t chui bo hiu t u cui ti u cui v yu cu kt ni thit lp
cc ti nguyn to mt kt ni v hon thnh mt cuc gi.
Yu cu
Bo hiu
CCC-a
Xc nhn
Du hiu
AGC-a
ASN-1
TSN-1
ZSN-1
CC
ASN-n
ZSN-n
AG
LC c to
Hnh 2-8 To LC v SNC cho mt yu cu thit lp kt ni

Hnh 2-9 minh ha chui boSNC
hiuc
t utocui ti u cui v yu cu kt ni gii
phn b cc ti nguyn nhm gii phng mt kt ni v gii phng mt cuc gi. Chui
gii phng kt ni, ngha l, cc qu trnh gii phn b cc SNC v LC, c th xut
hin trong cc trnh t khc nhau (v d, gii phn b SNC-LC-SNC-v.v, hoc gii
phn b tt c cc LC trc, sau n tt c cc SNC).
Yu cu
Bo hiu
CCC-a
AGC-a
Xc nhn
Du hiu
ASN-1
TSN-1
ZSN-1
CC
ASN-n
ZSN-n
LC c gii phng
SNC c gii phng
- 24 -
AG
n tt nghip i hc
ASON
Hnh 2-9 Gii phng LC v SNC cho mt yu cu gii phng cuc gi

Qu trnh to kt ni
Cc qu trnh sau c thc hin to kt ni:
- Theo phn thit lp cuc gi, mt yu cu thit lp cuc gi c xc minh v cho
php xut pht.
- T yu cu cuc gi, LRM ca CCC-a xc nh LC c dn xp thit lp gia
AGC-a v ASN-1. N c th nm trong dng ca ID SNP u ra ca ASN-1.
- Ti CC ca ASC-1, mt SNP u vo xc nh bi ID SNP u vo (ID SNP u
vo c nhn dng bng cch mapping SNP u ra ca AGC-a vi SNP u vo ca
ASN-1). LRM ASC-1 dn xp vi LRM TSC-1 thit lp mt LC kt ni ASN-1 vi
TSN-1 (TSN-1 c xc nh da vo thng tin tuyn nh c cung cp bi RC hoc
bi thng tin nhn c t mt CC hng ln). Sau khi thit lp thnh cng LC ny, mt
SNP u ra c nhn dng bi LRM. Mt SNC c to kt ni SNP u vo vi
SNP u ra. Trng thi ca i SNP c cp nht thnh: PROVISIONED. CC sau
tip tc qu trnh to kt ni bng cc lin lc vi CC hng xung.
- Ti CC TSC-1, mt SNP u vo c xc nh bi IP SNP u vo. LRM TSC-1
dn xp vi LRM ZSC-1 thit lp mt LC kt ni TSN-1 ti ZSN-1 (ZSN-1 c xc
nh da vo thng tin tuyn c cung cp bi RC hay bi thng tin nhn c t CC
hng ln). Thit lp thnh cng LC ny, th mt SNP u ra c nhn dng bi LRM.
Mt SNC c to kt ni SNP u vo v SNP u ra. Trng thi ca i SNP c
cp nht thnh: PROVISIONED. CC sau tip tc qu trnh to kt ni bng cch lin
lc vi CC hng ln.
- Qu trnh ny c tip tc cho n khi yu cu kt ni tin ti CCC-z.
- Ti CC ca CCC-z, mt SNP u vo c nhn dng khi c xc nh bi IP
SNP u vo. Sau khi CC x l yu cu kt ni, mt bn tin p ng c gi biu th
rng kt ni c x l.
- Mt cch ty chn, CC ca CCC-a c th nhn biu th mt ln, mt bn tin th 3
c gi t CC ti b xc nhn tn hiu ca kt ni.
Khi to mt kt ni, nhiu hot ng mc cao c th c xc nh cho mng:
- Nu tuyn khng th c lp, sau mng con p ng vi mt bn tin t chi
kt ni.
i vi cc kt ni song hng, n s c kh nng xc nh cc gi tr ch s SNP
ging nhau cho mt CP xc nh iu khin song hng. V d, s khe thi gian ging
nhau trong c 2 hng trn mt cng ca mt thnh phn mng truyn ti.
Qu trnh gii phng cc kt ni
Gii phng mt kt ni thc hin ngc li qu trnh thit lp kt ni. Mt yu cu
gii phng cuc gi c bo hiu v x l u tin. Cc qu trnh sau c thc hin
gii phng kt ni:
- 25 -
n tt nghip i hc
ASON
- Theo phn qu trnh yu cu gii phng cuc gi, mt yu cu gii phng cuc gi
c xc minh v cho php tin ti. Sau khi c du hiu tip tc gii phng kt ni,
qu trnh c bt u ti CC ASC-1.
- T yu cu cuc gi, agent bt u gii phng cuc gi nhn dng cuc gi cn
c gii phng.
- Ti CC ASC-1, SNC c gii phng. N bao gm vic gii phn b cc SNP.
LRM ASC-1 bo hiu cho LRM TSC-1 gii phng LC c s dng bi TSN-1 cho
cuc gi. Trng thi ca i SNP c cp nht thnh: AVAILABLE. CC sau tip tc
qu trnh gii phng kt ni bng vic lin lc vi CC hng xung.
- Qu trnh c tip tc cho ti khi yu cu gii phng kt ni ti CC CCC-z.
- Ti CC CCC-z, LC c s dng cho cuc gi c gii phng. Sau khi CC x l
yu cu gii phng kt ni, mt bn tin p ng c gi biu th yu cu gii phng
kt ni c x l.
2.1.1.2 Khi phc
Khi phc mt cuc gi l s thay th mt kt ni bng vic nh tuyn li kt ni
s dng kh nng d phng. Hnh ng ny xy ra bn trong mt min nh tuyn v
c kch hot bng chnh sch cho mi cuc gi. Hot ng ti nh tuyn bo gm vic
thit lp mt kt ni ring bit gia 2 b iu khin cuc gi ca cng mt cuc gi. Kt
ni mi ( c ti nh tuyn) c s dng thay th cho mt kt ni hin ti cho cng
call segment . Bn thn cuc gi c duy tr trong khi kt ni c ti nh tuyn li.
C 2 kiu khi phc, ti nh tuyn mm v ti nh tuyn cng. Trong ti nh
tuyn mm, kt ni b thay th l trong dch v v kt ni c ti nh tuyn l cho cc
mc ch qun l. Yu cu ti nh tuyn c to gia 2 b iu khin cuc gi ti bin
ca mt vng ti nh tuyn v kt ni mi c thit lp n c th thay th cho mt kt
ni hin c trong cuc gi. Nu hot ng ti nh tuyn mm l tr li, kt ni c
thay th khng c gii phng. Mt khc nu n c th c gii phng v trng thi b
iu khin kt ni v cuc gi b xa.
Ti nh tuyn cng l mt chc nng khi phc li nhm c gng to mt kt ni
khc ti ch ti bin ca mt min ti nh tuyn. iu ny c thc hin trong p ng
vi li ca mt kt ni hin ti, v kt ni c ti nh tuyn thay th cho kt ni b
li. Khi li c bo hiu ti b iu khin cuc gi ngun trong min ti nh tuyn,
cuc gi khng b gii phng nhng thay vo , mt kt ni ti nh tuyn c yu cu.
Yu cu ti nh tuyn c to gia 2 b iu khin cuc gi v, mt kt ni mi c
thit lp, n c th thay th cho kt ni b li trong cuc gi. Nu hot ng ti nh tuyn
cng l tr li, cc ti nguyn ca kt ni b li c gim st v khi n c khi phc,
cuc gi c khi phc tr li kt ni ban u v kt ni ti nh tuyn c gii phng.
Nu ti nh tuyn khng tr li, kt ni b li c gii phng l trng thi b iu khin
kt ni ca n b xa.
C 2 c ch ti nh tuyn cng v mm u c th c s dng bi cc dch v kt
ni chuyn mch v kt ni c nh mm. Chng c p dng gia cc b iu khin
- 26 -
n tt nghip i hc
ASON
cuc gi mng lin quan ti mt cuc gi, v khng c p dng ti c im tham chiu
UNI.
Mt hot ng ti nh tuyn c th xut hin gia 2 b iu khin cuc gi c lin
quan ti mt phn on cuc gi. N cng c th xut hin gia 2 b iu khin cuc gi
nm cui cc phn on cuc gi lin tip, trong trng hp ny cc phn on cuc gi
c th c thay th nh mt kt qu ca tuyn kt ni c ti nh tuyn. Trong c 2
trng hp, cc tham s cuc gi gi i v tn cuc gi c duy tr ging nh cuc gi
c ti nh tuyn.
2.1.2 Cc b bn tin DCM
Bng 2-1 Cc bn tin UNI
Cc bn tin thit lp cuc gi
CallSetupRequest
CallSetupIndication
CallSetupConfirm
Cc bn tin gii phng cuc CallReleaseRequest

gi
CallReleaseIndication
Cc bn tin truy vn cuc gi
CallQueryRequest
CallQueryIndication
Bn tin thng bo cuc gi
CallNotify
Cc bn tin DCM c th c chia thnh cc bn tin lin quan ti cc hot ng kt

ni UNI, cc bn tin lin quan ti cc hot ng kt ni NNI (I-NNI v E-NNI). Bng 21, 2-2 v 2-3 tng hp mt danh sch cc bn tin c xem xt cho x l bo hiu. y l
cc bn tin logic c trao i qua cc giao din ring h tr CallC, CC v LRM. Cc
quyt nh thit k giao thc c th tng hp (hoc phn chia) mt s bn tin logic ny;
tuy nhin, cc ch nng h tr bi trao i bn tin l khng thay i.
Bng 2-2 Cc bn tin I-NNI
Cc bn tin thit lp kt ni
ConnectionSetupRequest
ConnectionSetupIndication
ConnectionSetupConfirm
Cc bn tin gii phng kt ni
ConnectioneleaseRequest
ConnectionReleaseIndicati
on
Cc bn tin truy vn kt ni
ConnectionQueryRequest
ConnectionQueryIndicatio
n
Bn tin thng bo kt ni
ConnectionNotify
- 27 -
n tt nghip i hc
ASON
Bng 2-3 Cc bn tin E-NNI

Cc bn tin thit lp kt ni
ConnectionSetupRequest
ConnectionSetupIndication
ConnectionSetupConfirm
Cc bn tin gii phng kt ni
ConnectioneleaseRequest
ConnectionReleaseIndicati
on
Cc bn tin truy vn kt ni
ConnectionQueryRequest
ConnectionQueryIndicatio
n
Bn tin thng bo kt ni
ConnectionNotify
Vi tng loi bn tin khc nhau m cc trng trong cng th hin cc thuc tnh
khc nhau.
2.2 Kin trc v cc yu cu nh tuyn

Phn ny tm hiu v kin trc v cc yu cu i vi cc chc nng nh tuyn
c s dng thit lp cc kt ni chuyn mch (SC) v cc kt ni vnh cu mm
(SPC) ca mng ASON. Cc phn chnh gm c kin trc nh tuyn, cc thnh phn
chc nng bao gm chn ng, cc thuc tnh nh tuyn, cc bn tin v cc s trng
thi.
2.2.1 Kin trc nh tuyn ASON
Kin trc nh tuyn ca ASON h tr nhiu m hnh nh tuyn khc nhau v d
nh nh tuyn phn cp, nh tuyn tng bc hay nh tuyn da trn ngun. Kin trc
cng rt ra nhng im khc nhau trong s i din thng tin nh tuyn, v d nh trng
thi lin kt, vector khong cch, v.v Kin trc nh tuyn p dng sau khi mng
c chia nh thnh cc vng nh tuyn, v cc ti nguyn mng cn thit c phn
b hp l.
2.2.1.1 Khi nim c bn
Mt nh iu hnh c th chn chia nh mng ca mnh da trn cc chnh sch iu
hnh xc nh, c th bao gm chun nh vt l, qun l, cng ngh,v.vCc phn mng
nh c th do quyt nh ca nh iu hnh, c xem nh cc vng nh tuyn i vi
mc ch cung cp mt dch v nh tuyn. Dch v c cung cp bi mt vng nh
tuyn (v d nh la chn tuyn) c cung cp bi mt h thc hin nh tuyn (mt tp
cc b iu khin nh tuyn), v mi h thc hin nh tuyn c th p ng cho mt
vng nh tuyn n. RP h tr cc chc nng tnh ton tuyn ph hp vi mt hoc
nhiu hn cc m hnh nh tuyn cho vng nh tuyn ring m n phc v. Cc chc
nng tnh ton tuyn c th c h tr bi mt RP c bn da trn cc kiu thng tin kh
dng n chuyn ti mt c s d liu thng tin nh tuyn.
- 28 -
n tt nghip i hc
ASON
Cu hnh kt hp
iu khin
RA
RA.1
RPRA
RPRA.1
RA.2
RPRA.2
Thc hin
RC1
Thi hnh
RC2
RCD
RC2
RC2
RC2
`
n chi tit bn trong
Hnh 2-10 Mi quan h gia RA, RP, RC v RCD

c
b mt c
phn
Cc min nh tuyn
ctnh
th phn
b chn
cchtnh
phn
cpb
v mt h thc hin nh
giao
din
RCD
giao
din
RC
tuyn ring c lin quan ti mi vng nh tuyn trong h thng phn cp nh tuyn.
iu ny l c th i vi mi mc ca h thng phn cp giao cho cc h thc hin
nh tuyn khc nhau h tr cc m hnh nh tuyn khc nhau. Cc h thc hin nh
tuyn c thc hin qua cc b iu khin nh tuyn phn tn hp l. B iu khin
nh tuyn cung cp giao din dch v nh tuyn, ngha l im truy nhp dch v, nh
c nh ngha cho h thc hin nh tuyn. B iu khin nh tuyn cng l p
ng i vi s tng hp v pht tn thng tin nh tuyn. Cc giao din dch v ca b
iu khin nh tuyn cung cp dch v nh tuyn qua cc im tham chiu NNI ti mi
mc phn cp xc nh. Cc v d ca b iu khin nh tuyn khc nhau c th l ch
cho cc chnh sch khc nhau ph thuc v cc t chc m chng cung cp dch v
cho. Chnh sch bt buc c th c h tr qua nhiu c ch; v d bng cch s dng
cc giao thc khc nhau.
Mt RC c th c thc hin nh mt cm cc thc th phn tn; mt cm c
gi l mt min iu khin nh tuyn (RCD). Mt RCD l thc th tru tng n i cc
chi tit ca s phn b bn trong cm, trong khi cung cp cc giao din phn tn vi cc
c trng ng nht nh ca cc giao din phn phi RC. Bn cht ca thng tin nh
tuyn c trao i gia cc RCD t c nhng ng ngha chung ca thng tin nh
tuyn c trao i gia cc giao din RC phn phi trong khi cho php cc th hin khc
nhau bn trong mi cm. Mi quan h gia RA, RP, RC v RCD c minh ha trong
hnh 2-10.
Nh c minh ha trn, cc vng nh tuyn bao gm cc vng nh tuyn nh
ngha mt cch quy cc mc nh tuyn phn cp thnh cng. Mt RP ring bit c
lin quan ti mi vng nh tuyn. Theo , RPRA lin quan ti vng nh tuyn RA, v
- 29 -
n tt nghip i hc
ASON
cc h thc hin nh tuyn RPRA.1 v RPRA.2 ln lt lin quan ti vng nh tuyn RA.1
v RA.2. Ln lt, bn thn cc RP c thc hin qua cc th d c th ca cc RC phn
tn l RC1 v RC2, vi cc RC1 c bt ngun t RPRA v cc RC2 bt ngun t cc h
thc hin nh tuyn RPRA.1 v RPRA.2. C th xem nh cc c tnh ca cc giao din phn
b RCD v cc giao din phn b RC l ng nht.
2.2.1.2 Kin trc nh tuyn v cc thnh phn chc nng
RDB
LRM
B iu khin
nh tuyn
B iu khin
Hnh 2-11 V d cc thnh phn chc nng nh tuyn
giao thc
Kin trc nh tuyn c cc thnh phn c lp giao thc (LRM, RC), v cc thnh
phn c trng giao thc (B iu khin giao thc). B iu khin giao thc iu khin
thng tin tru tng cn thit cho nh tuyn. B iu khin giao thc iu khin cc bn
tin c trng giao thc theo im tham chiu trn thng tin c trao i (v d E-NNI, INNI), v thng qua cc primitive ti B iu khin nh tuyn. Mt v d ca cc thnh
phn chc nng nh tuyn c minh ha trong hnh 2-11.
B iu khin nh tuyn - Cc chc nng RC bao gm trao i thng tin
nh tuyn vi RC peer v tr li mt truy vn tuyn (la chn tuyn) bi hot
ng trn c s d liu thng tin nh tuyn RDB. RC c lp giao thc.
C s thng tin nh tuyn (RDB) - RDB l mt kho cho cu hnh ni ht, cu
hnh mng, v cc thng tin nh tuyn khc c cp nht nh mt phn ca
thng tin nh tuyn trao i v c th thm na bao gm thng tin c cu
hnh. RDB c th bao gm thng tin nh tuyn cho nhiu hn mt vng nh
tuyn. B iu khin nh tuyn truy nhp xem RDB. Hnh 2-11 minh ha
iu ny bng cch ch ra mt ng chm chm xung quanh RC v RDB. RDB
c lp giao thc.
- 30 -
n tt nghip i hc
ASON
RDB
Lp A vng 1
B iu khin
nh tuyn
Lp B vng 2
B iu khin
nh tuyn
Lp C vng 3
B iu khin
nh tuyn
LRM
LRM
LRM
Biu
iukhin
khin
B
Hnh 2-12 Mi quan h gia RDB v
cc
RC
cho
B giao
iu
giaothc
khin
thcnhiu vng nh tuyn
Do RDB c th bao gm thng tin nh tuyn
giao thuc
thc nhiu vng nh tuyn (v v th
c th l cc mng a lp), cc b iu khin nh tuyn truy nhp RDB c th chia s
thng tin nh tuyn. iu ny minh ha trong hnh 2-12 bng vic ch ra s chng ln
gia cc ng chm chm.
B qun l ti nguyn lin kt - LRM cung cp tt c cc thng tin lin kt
lin quan SNPP ti b iu khin nh tuyn. N cho RC bit v bt k thay i
trng thi no ca cc ti nguyn lin kt m n iu khin.
B iu khin giao thc - PC chuyn i cc primitive ca b iu khin nh
tuyn thnh cc bn tin giao thc ca mt giao thc nh tuyn c th, v n ph
thuc giao thc. N cng iu khin lung c trng giao thc cho mc tiu trao
i thng tin nh tuyn.
2.2.1.3 Cc h thng phn cp nh tuyn
Mt v d ca mt vng nh tuyn c minh ha trong hnh 2-13 di y. Vng
nh tuyn mc cao hn (ch) RA bao gm cc vng nh tuyn mc thp hn (t) RA.1,
RA.2 v RA.3. RA.1 v RA.2 ln lt bao gm cc vng nh tuyn mc thp hn na
RA.1.x v RA.2.x.
Mi vng nh tuyn c mt RP lin quan cung cp dch v nh tuyn cho vng
nh tuyn ti mc xc nh ca h thng phn cp. iu ny c minh ha trong
hnh 2-14.
- 31 -
n tt nghip i hc
ASON

RP
Mc 1
RA
RP
RA.1
Mc 2
RP
RA.3
RP
RA
.2
RP
RA.1.2
Mc 3
RP
RA
.1.1
Hnh
RP
RA.3
RP
RA.2.2
2-13 V d cc h
tuyn
RPthng phn cp nh
a) Thc thi cc h thc hin nh tuyn trong

mi quan h vi cc phn vng nh tuyn
RA.2.1
Vic thc
thi RP
SNPP
(Kt cui
lin t
kt)c
thng qua cc RC. Mt RC ng gi thng tin nh tuyn

i vi vng nh tuyn, v cung cp cc dch v truy vn tuyn bn trong vng, ti mc
xc nh ca phn cp. Hnh 2-15 m t vic thc hin cc RP nh mt ngn xp ca cc
RC. Trong hnh, cc khi gch ngang th hin v tr ca chng bn trong cc thnh phn
vt l. i vi cc mc tiu minh ha, hnh ch ra nhiu RC c t cng trong mt
thnh phn vt l; tuy nhin iu ny ch th hin mt v d.
Ti mt mc phn cp xc nh, ph thuc vo cc la chn phn b m c 2 trng
hp xy ra:
Mi b iu khin nh tuyn phn tn c th ng gi mt phn ca ton b
c s thng tin nh tuyn.
Mi b iu khin nh tuyn phn tn c th ng gi ton b c s d liu
thng tin nh tuyn c sao li qua mt c ch ng b.
Trong c 2 trng hp, cc giao din dch ca mi b iu khin nh tuyn phn tn
khng b tc ng. Vic phn tn cng cung cp kh nng a ra cc im truy nhp dch
v nm trong vng nh tuyn. Mt iu cn thit l s lin hnh gia cc b iu khin
nh tuyn tng ng vi cc h thc hin nh tuyn ti cc mc khc nhau ca h thng
phn cp.
- 32 -
n tt nghip i hc
ASON
RA.1
Cu hnh nhn t RPRA
RA.3
RA.2
RA.2.2
RA.2.1
RPRA.2
Cu hnh
nhn
t
Hnh 2-14 Cu hnh nhn t RP lin quan ti cc vng nh tuyn phn cp
RP
Mc 1
RA
RC1
RP
Mc 2
RA.1
RP
RA .2
Hnh
h thc hin nh tuyn phn cp
RC22-15 V d thc thi cc
RC2
RC2
Trong ng cnh lin hnh gia cc b iu khin nh tuyn ti cc mc khc nhau
ca h thng phn cp, mt iu quan trng l thng tin nhn c t RC ch khng c
lun chuyn li v RC ch.
Mt ch c th l vng nh tuyn ch v vng nh tuyn t ng thi, nhng vi
cc tuyn khc nhau ti ch. Cc vng gn ch hn (scope thp hn) ni chung s c
thng tin tt hn pht trin mt tuyn ti ch hn cc vng xa hn. iu ny bi RC
con lun bit tt c cc ch l mt phn ca vng ca n, hoc mt phn ca mt vng
nm trong vng ca n. Theo , RC con l ph hp nht xc nh n c th nh
tuyn trc tip ti ch hay khng.
b) Tng ng gia LRM v cc RC ca cc vng nh tuyn phn cp
S dng khi nim "cc lin kt ngoi" v "cc lin kt trong" phn bit gia cc
lin kt vn c trn vng nh tuyn v chng c ng gi y bi mt vng nh
tuyn ti mt mc xc nh ca h thng phn cp. Cc lin kt ngoi ti mt vng nh
tuyn ti mt mc phn cp c th l cc lin kt ngoi trong vng nh tuyn cha. Cc
- 33 -
n tt nghip i hc
ASON
LRM cung cp thng tin lin kt ti cc RC ca vng nh tuyn cha n. Cc lin kt

trong ti mt vng nh tuyn con c th c n khi nhn t vng nh tuyn ch
RP
Mc 1
RA
RP
RP
RA.1
RA.2
Mc 2
Mc 3
RP
RA.1.1
RP
RP
RP
RA.1.1
RA.1.1
RA.1.1
RP
RA.1.1
RC1
RC2
RC1
RC2
RC2
RC2
Hnh 2-16 Mi quan h gia LRM (tng ng vi cc SNPP) vi cc RC

RC3
Hnh 2-16 ch raRC3
mt v d ca mi
lin h gia cc LRM (t cng
vi SNPP)
RC3
RC3v
cc RC tng ng ca chng. Cc LRM cung cp thng tin trng thi lin kt ti cc b
LRM
LRM
LRM
LRM
iu khin nh tuyn.
2.2.2 Cc yu cu nh tuyn ca ASON
Cc yu cu nh tuyn ASON bao gm cc yu cu kin trc, giao thc v tnh ton
tuyn.
2.2.2.1 Cc yu cu kin trc
Thng tin c trao i gia cc b iu khin nh tuyn l ch th cc
chnh sch bt buc p t ti cc im tham chiu
Mt hot ng ca h thc hin nh tuyn ti bt k mc no ca phn cp
khng nn ph thuc vo cc giao thc nh tuyn c s dng ti cc mc
khc.
- 34 -
RC3
n tt nghip i hc
ASON
Thng tin nh tuyn c trao i gia cc min iu khin nh tuyn c

lp vi nhng la chn giao thc bn trong min.
Thng tin nh tuyn c trao i gia cc min iu khin nh tuyn c
lp vi nhng la chn phn phi iu khin bn trong min, v d, tp trung,
phn tn y .
Cu hnh lin k nh tuyn v cu hnh mng truyn ti khng c tha
nhn l ng dng.
Mi vng nh tuyn s c nhn dng duy nht bn trong mt mng.
Thng tin nh tuyn h tr mt ci nhn tru tng ca cc vng ring l.
Mc tru tng l ch cho chnh sch iu hnh.
RP s cung cp mt phng tin khi phc cc li h thng (v d nh cn
kit b nh)
2.2.2.2 Cc yu cu giao thc
Giao thc nh tuyn c kh nng h tr a mc phn cp.
Giao thc nh tuyn h tr pht tn thng tin nh tuyn phn cp bao gm
thng tin nh tuyn tng hp.
Giao thc nh tuyn bao gm h tr a lin kt gia cc node v cho php
phn tp node v lin kt.
Giao thc nh tuyn c kh nng h tr gii php kin trc v cc mt s
lng mc phn cp, tng hp v chia nh cc min.
Giao thc nh tuyn c kh nng m rng vi kha cnh s lng lin kt,
node v mc phn cp vng nh tuyn.
Trong p ng ti mt s kin nh tuyn (v d, cp nht cu hnh,), cc
ni dung ca RDB s hi t.
Giao thc nh tuyn s h tr hoc c th cung cp cc c trng b sung
h tr mt b operator-c nh ngha nh i tng bo mt khi c yu cu.
2.2.2.3 Cc yu cu la chn tuyn
La chn tuyn cho kt qu l cc tuyn khng c vng lp.
La chn tuyn h tr t nht mt m hnh nh tuyn phn cp, ngun, tng
bc.
2.2.3 Cc bn tin nh tuyn
V mt chc nng, cc bn tin nh tuyn ASON c th c tch bit thnh cc bn
tin gn lin vi vic duy tr cc chc nng nh tuyn nh duy tr lin k, v cc bn tin
mang thng tin nh tuyn mng.
Cc bn tin duy tr c trao i gia cc b iu khin giao thc PC c mi quan
h lin k v mt logic c thit lp gia chng, cng qua cu hnh th cng hoc thit
lp ng. Mc ch ca vic trao i bn tin thng thng l gia cc PC gi mi quan
h lin k.
- 35 -
n tt nghip i hc
ASON
Cc bn tin thng tin nh tuyn c trao i gia 2 b iu khin nh tuyn RC

lin k v c s dng bi cc thut ton la chn tuyn tnh ton v nh tuyn cc
yu cu kt ni qua mng. Phm vi vic trao i thng tin nh tuyn thng thng b gii
hn bi vng nh tuyn ca n.
Hnh 2-17 ch ra cc bn tin thng tin nh tuyn v cc s kin tri gia cc thnh
phn RC peer. N cng th hin cc s kin c to trn vic nhn cc bn tin giao thc
bi cc b iu khin giao thc.
Cc bn tin RI
RC
RC
Cc s kin RAdj
Cc s kin RAdj
PC
PC
Hnh 2-17 Cc bn tin nh tuyn v cc s kin

a) Duy tr lin k nh tuyn
Lin k nh tuyn coi nh mi quan h logic gia 2 b iu khin nh tuyn v
trng thi ca lin k c duy tr bi cc b iu khin giao thc sau khi mi quan h
lin k c thit lp. Khi lin k thay i trng thi ca n, cc s kin thch hp c
gi ti b iu khin nh tuyn bi cc b iu khin giao thc. Cc s kin c s
dng bi b iu khin nh tuyn iu khin truyn dn thng tin nh tuyn gia cc
b iu khin nh tuyn lin k.
B cc s kin duy tr lin k nh tuyn sau c nh ngha:
RAdj_CREATE: biu th mt lin k mi c khi to.
RAdj_DELETE: biu th mt lin k b xa.
RAdj_UP: biu th mt lin k song hng c thit lp
RAdj_DOWN: biu th mt lin k song hng b mt.
b) Cc bn tin thng tin nh tuyn
Cc bn tin thng tin nh tuyn l th hin tru tng ca thng tin lin quan nh
tuyn mng nh cc thuc tnh node v lin kt. Khng c thng tin nh tuyn no c
i qua UNI. Thng tin nh tuyn tri qua cc im tham chiu NNI l ch th cho chnh
sch bt buc ti cc NNI ring l. Thng tin nh tuyn trao i gia cc RDC trn im
tham chiu ng gi cc ng ngha chung ca thng tin RCD ring trong khi cho php th
hin khc nhau trong mi RCD.
Mi RC nhn v to cc bn tin thng tin nh tuyn i vi cc ti nguyn mng
di s iu khin trc tip ca n v truyn thng tin c to ti cc b iu khin nh
tuyn lin k. Qu trnh trao i bn tin nh tuyn ny s tip tc cho ti khi tt c cc
RDB ca cc RC tr nn n nh.
- 36 -
n tt nghip i hc
ASON
Kiu thng tin c truyn ph thuc vo c ch pht tn thng tin nh tuyn s

dng bi giao thc nh tuyn. Thng tin nm trong bn tin nh tuyn thay i vi gioa
thc nh tuyn c s dng (v d, trng thi lin kt, vector khong cch hay tuyn
vector).
B cc bn tin nh tuyn chung sau c th p dng c lp vi kiu cc giao thc
nh tuyn:
RI_RDB_SYNC: Cc bn tin ny gip ng b ton b c s d liu thng
tin nh tuyn gia 2 b iu khin nh tuyn lin k. iu ny c thc hin
ti ni khi to v c th cng c lm mt cch u n.
RI_ADD: Mt ln th mt ti nguyn mng mi c thm vo, thng tin
nh tuyn lin quan ti ti nguyn ny c qung b s dng bn tin ny
c thm vo RDB.
RI_DELETE: Mt ti nguyn mng hin ti b xa, thng tin nh tuyn lin
quan ti ti nguyn c rt khi RDB.
RI_UPDATE: Mt thng tin nh tuyn ca mt ti nguyn mng hin ti b
thay i, thng tin nh tuyn mi lin quan ti ti nguyn c qung b li
cp nht RDB
RI_QUERY: Khi cn thit, mt RC c th gi mt bn tin truy vn tuyn ti
hng xm lin k nh tuyn v thng tin nh tuyn lin quan ti mt tuyn xc
nh no .
2.2.4 La chn tuyn
La chn tuyn ASON l mt chc nng tr li mt tuyn m mt b iu khin kt
ni c th s dng nh mt tham s khi bo hiu mt kt ni.
La chn tuyn c th c thc hin off-line (vic ln k hoch nh tuyn do mt
phng qun l) hoc on-line trong thi gian thc (mt phng iu khin). S la chn ph
thuc vo phc tp tnh ton, kh dng thng tin cu hnh, v hon cnh mng c
th. C la chn tuyn on-line v off-line u c th c cung cp. V d, cc nh iu
hnh c th s dng tnh ton on-line iu khin mt b nh cc quyt nh la chn
tuyn v s dng tnh ton off-line tn ton i vi k thut lu lng phc tp v cc
vn lin quan ti chnh sch nh yu cu lp k hoch, lp lch dch v, m hnh gi v
ti u ha ton cu.
2.2.4.1 Cc u vo cho vic la chn tuyn
Cc u vo cho vic la chn tuyn thay i ph thuc vo m hnh nh tuyn
c s dng. La chn tuyn ASON c th h tr mt s cc th tc c mt s cc rng
buc nh u vo cho yu cu la chn tuyn. V d:
tnh a dng
cc i tng hiu nng mng
cc chnh sch qun l
cc rng buc xc nh lp truyn ti (c th l mt metric trng s lin kt)
- 37 -
n tt nghip i hc
ASON
a) nh tuyn tng bc
u vo in hnh cho la chn tuyn tng bc bao gm cc yu t sau:

I0 Hon cnh cu hnh
I1
ch
I2
Node ngun
I3
Mt b (c th rng) cc rng buc nh hng lm g khi nhiu u ra.
La chn tuyn tng bc c gi ti mi node thu c lin kt tip theo trn
mt tuyn ti mt ch. Khi mt node ngun p dng nh u vo, n hm rng la
chn tuyn c kh nng phn bit da trn i ngun/ch v khng ch trn ch. l,
mt a ch ngun nm trong hon cnh ca vic to mt quyt nh hop tip theo.
La chn tuyn tng bc c gi nhiu ln t nhiu im khc nhau trong mng,
v mi ln cc tham s u vo c th ging nhau.
I0 th hin v tr trong mng ni la chn tuyn c gi v l mt phn quan trng
ca trng hp la chn tuyn tng bc. V d, la chn tuyn tng bc c th c
gi nhiu ln vi cng gi tr I1, I2 v I3 nhng tr li cc kt qu khc nhau nu chc
nng ny c gi t cc node khc nhau.
b) nh tuyn phn cp v ngun
nh tuyn ngun v nh tuyn phn cp c cc yu cu ging nhau trong la chn

tuyn. Khi xc nh mt tuyn phn cp trn c mng con khng ti "ngn", kt qu ging
nhau mt tuyn ngun vi ui khng y .
u vo la chn tuyn ngun in hnh bao gm:
I0
Hon cnh cu hnh
I4
ch
I5
Ngun, hoc node mc cao hn, hoc SNP.
I6
Rng buc tnh a dng - Cc tuyn u ra phi thay i so vi tuyn khc
I7
Rng buc bao gm - cc lin kt, cc mng con, cn c trong tuyn u ra
I8
Cc rng buc ngn chn - Lin kt, mng con hoc cc thnh phn
cn chn t bt k tuyn u ra no khc.
I9
Metric ti thiu - n xc nh mt metric lin kt m chc nng la chn
tuyn nn ti thiu cho cc tuyn u ra
Trong trng hp la chn tuyn nh tuyn ngun thng l mt node ngun cho
mt tuyn. N cng c th l mt node trung gian trn mt tuyn c tnh ton. in
hnh l ti bin ca vng nh tuyn ni chc nng la chn tuyn cho vng nh tuyn
ny c gi bit chi tit lm th no qua vng nh tuyn .
La chn tuyn nh tuyn phn cp bt u ti nh ca h thng phn cp v thu
c mt chui cc mng con thng qua mt tuyn c th c tm thy gia mt node
ngun v mt node ch xc nh trc.
Cc u vo I4 v I5 c th xc nh bt k mc no ca mng con, t cc kt cu
ti cc mng con mc cao hn.
- 38 -
n tt nghip i hc
ASON
2.2.4.2 Cc u ra ca vic la chn tuyn

u ra ca cc th tc ny cng thay i ph thuc vo m hnh nh tuyn. La
chn tuyn cho nh tuyn phn cp v nh tuyn ngun l ging nhau cc u ra ca
chng l cc dng ca mt tuyn (cc lin kt hay cc node), trong khi nh tuyn tng
bc ch yu cu lin kt k tip nh u ra ca n. Trong trng hp trc, c nhiu
thay i tim tng. iu ny dn ti 2 lp board ca u ra, c trng trong thut ng lin
kt v tuyn. Cc u ra v d ca s phn lp ny bao gm:
O1
Lin kt hop k tip
O2
Tuyn n
O3
2 hay nhiu hn 2 tuyn
KT LUN
Chng 2 tm hiu v bo hiu v nh tuyn trong ASON da trn 2 khuyn
ngh G.7713/Y.1704 Qun l kt ni v cuc gi phn tn v G.7715/Y.1706 Kin trc v
cc yu cu nh tuyn cho mng quang chuyn mch t ng ASON ca ITU-T. y l
2 khuyn ngh m, khng a ra cc giao thc c th cho mng m ch nu ra cc yu cu
cho vic bo hiu v nh tuyn. Bi ASON c xy dng da trn s kt hp vi h
tng mng WDM truyn thng, do mng WDM truyn thng l khc nhau ti mi quc
gia do vic xy dng ASON ti mi quc gia l khc nhau. V th cc khuyn ngh ch
nu ra cc yu cu m khng a ra giao thc c th no.
- 39 -
n tt nghip i hc
Chng 3 Gii php ASON ca Huawei
CHNG 3
GII PHP ASON CA HUAWEI
Nh ni cc chng trc cc mng WDM hin nay ang bc l mt s cc
nhc im c hu rt kh khc phc ca n v Vit Nam cng khng c ngoi l.
nng cao cht lng mng hin thi, cng ty Vin thng lin tnh VTN trin khai lp
t v vn hnh mt s cc thit b ASON ca Huwei cho mng ng trc Bc Nam
nhm nng cao kh nng bo v cho pha mng cng nh pha khch hng. Hin ti mng
ang hot ng kh n nh. Trong chng ny s tm hiu v nhng u vit ca thit b
ny trong bo v.
3.1 Gii thiu v gii php ASON ca Huawei v thit b OptiX OSN 6800
3.1.1 Gii php ASON ca Huawei
H thng qun l
T2000
H thng m phng v
lp k hoch OptiX MDS 6600
Computer
Server
Mt phng iu khin h tr
bi phn mm OptiX GPC
ASON bao gm cc thit b

trong series OSN
Hnh 3-1 Gii php ASON ca Huawei
Huawei cung cp cc gii php ASON chi tit cho cc lp khc nhau. Gii php
ASON cung cp bi Huwei bao gm cc sn phm sau:
- 40 -
n tt nghip i hc
Phn mm mt phng iu khin: OptiX GCP

Phn mm m phng v lp k hoch: OptiX MDS 6600
Phn mm qun l mng: iManager T2000
Thit b trn mt phng truyn ti: thit b trong series OptiX OSN
Hnh 3-1 minh ha mi quan h gia chng.
Hin ti, Huawei c th cung cp gii php truyn ti ASON metro trn vn c
thc hin bi cc thit b OptiX OSN 6800 v OptiX OSN 3800, nh c ch ra trong
hnh 3-2.
Trung tm
d liu Internet
Mng li
Ta nh cho thu
Short long-haul
Doanh nghip
Cc mng ni h
cc lp li met
Nh bng
OptiX OSN 6800
Cc lp truy
v hi t m
Hnh 3-2 Gii php ASON metropolitan

3.1.2 Thit b OptiX OSN 6800
OptiX OSN 6800 l nn tng truyn ti thng minh th h k tip ca Huawei. N
pht trin theo hng ca mng MAN trong tng lai vi li IP. Vi kin trc brand-new,
n t c mt lp quang ng v mt lp in mm do. N cng c cc c trng nh
tnh tch hp cao, tin cy cao v a dch v. Hnh 3-3 ch ra kin trc ca thit b ny.
L0 l lp quang. L1 v L2 l 2 lp in.
Cc gii php phn phi ca ti nguyn bc sng trung ca thit b WDM bao gm
b ghp xen/r quang c nh FOADM v v b ghp xen/r quang c th cu hnh li
ROADM.
Lp in L1 h tr grooming cc dch v GE, cc tn hiu ODU1 v dch v Any.
Lp in L2 h tr cc dch v ng ring Ethernet (EPL), ng ring o Ethernet
OptiX OSN 3800
- 41 -
n tt nghip i hc
(EVPL), mng ni ht ring Ethernet (EPLAN) v cc dch v mng ni ht ring o

Ethernet (EVPLAN) chuyn mch da trn VLAN v Stack VLAN.
Mt phng
iu khin
da on
trn GMPLS
GMPLS
Control
plane
based
Lp quang
Optical
layer : L0
FOADM/ROADM
FOADM/ROADM
X l pha
ng
Line-side
processing
Lp in
Electrical
layer : L2
Gom lu layer
lng lp
in
Electrical
grooming
Gi
Packet
X lservice
dch v khch
hng
Client
processing
Hnh 3-3 Kin trc nn tng truyn ti quang thng minh th h k tip
V kin trc phn cng th OptiX OSN 6800 c 3 phn chnh l cabinet, subrack v
frame. Trong quan trng nht l subrack. Subrack bao gm nhiu vng trong vng
board c chia thnh 21 khe lp cc board hot ng.
Cc board c chia thnh 14 loi: Khi OTU, Khi ghp v gii ghp knh quang,
Khi ghp xen/r quang, Khi ghp xen/r c kh nng cu hnh li, Khi nhnh, Khi
ng, Khi kt ni cho, Khi khuch i quang, Khi knh gim st quang, Khi iu
khin h thng v truyn thng, Khi bo v quang, Khi phn tch ph, Khi suy hao
quang thay i, Khi cn bng dc suy hao v cng sut quang.
Bng 3-1 Danh sch cc board
Kiu board
Tn board M t
ECOM giao din truyn thng nng cao
L4G
b chuyn i bc sng ng vi dung lng 4xGE
LDGS
b 2xGE, single fed v thu n
OTU
LDGD
b 2xGE, dual fed v thu c chn lc
- 42 -
Giao din
mu
Colored
interface
Lp in
Electrical
layer : L1
O
T
U
n tt nghip i hc
LOG
LOM
Khi ghp v gii

ghp knh quang
Khi ghp xen/r

quang
Khi ghp xen/r

quang c th cu
hnh li
Khi nhnh
b 8xGE
board chuyn i bc sng v ghp a dch v 8 cng
b chuyn i bc sng a tc 4 knh (100Mb/sLQMS 2Gb/s),
single fed v thu n
b chuyn bc sng a tc 4 knh (100Mb/s-2.5Gb/s),
LQMD
dual fed v thu c chn lc
LSX
b chuyn i bc sng 10Gb/s
LSXL
board chuyn i bc sng 40Gb/s
LSXLR b tr chuyn i bc sng 40Gb/s
LSXR
b tr chuyn i bc sng 10Gb/s
board chuyn i bc sng tc ty
LWXS
(16Mb/s-2.7Gb/s), pht n
board chuyn i bc sng tc ty
LWXD
(16Mb/s-2.7Gb/s), pht kp
board chuyn i 2 bc sng tc ty
LWX2
(16Mb/s-2.7Gb/s)
board chuyn i bc sng 4 knh OC-48/STM-16/
TMX
OTU1 ghp khng ng b OTU2
M40
b ghp 40 knh
D40
b gii ghp 40 knh
M40V
b ghp 40 knh vi VOA
D40V
b ghp 40 knh vi VOA
FIU
giao din si
ITL
board chn
MR2
b ghp xen/r quang 2 knh
MR4
MR8
CMR2
b ghp knh xen/r quang 2 knh CWDM
CMR4
b ghp knh xen/r quang 4 knh CWDM
DMR1
b ghp knh xen/r quang song hng 1 knh DWDM
SBM2
board xen/r song hng 1 si 2 knh CWDM
ROAM board xen quang c th cu hnh li
WSM9 board ghp chuyn mch la chn bc sng 9 cng
board gii ghp chuyn mch la chn bc sng 9
WSD9
cng
RMU9
board ghp knh ROADM 9 cng
board ghp/gii ghp chuyn mch chn bc sng 4
WSMD4
cng
TBE
board nhnh 10GE
TDX
board x l dch v nhnh 2x10G
TQM
4xboard x l dch v nhnh a tc
- 43 -
n tt nghip i hc
TDG
2xboard x l dch v nhnh GE
TQS
board x l dch v nhnh 4xSTM-16/OC-48/OTU1
NS2
board giao din quang 4xODU1 ghp knh OTU2
Khi kt ni cho XCS
board ng h v kt ni cho
HBA
board khuch i tng th cng sut cao
OAU1
b khuch i quang
Khi khuch i
OBU1
b tng th quang
quang
OBU2
b tng th quang
CRPC
b khuch i bm Raman case-shape cho bng C
b knh gim st quang n hng
Khi knh gim SC1
st quang
SC2
b knh gim st quang song hng
B iu khin h SC
b iu khin h thng v truyn thng
thng v truyn
AUX
giao din h tr h thng
thng
Cc kiu bo v c h tr bi tng board s c tm hiu trong phn tip theo.
3.2 Cc loi bo v h tr
OptiX OSN 6800 h tr 14 loi bo v l: Bo v ng quang, bo v 1+1 intraboard, bo v 1+1 pha khch hng, bo v SW SNCP, bo v ODUk SNCP, bo v
VLAN SNCP, bo v mc board, bo v ODUk SPRing, bo v chia s bc sng quang,
iu chnh cng sut thng minh (IPA), iu chnh cng sut thng minh cho h thng
Raman, iu chnh mc t ng (ALC), cn bng cng sut t ng (APE), tin cn bng
cng sut t ng nng cao (EAPE).
Di y l m t s lc v cc loi bo v ny.
3.2.1 Bo v ng quang
Bo v ng quang bo v cc si quang thng gia cc trm lin k bng cch s
dng dual fed v chc nng nhn c la chn ca cc board OLP. Bo v ng quang
xut hin 2 i si (lm vic v bo v) cung cp bo v tn hiu.
Board thc hin bo v l board OLP.
Nguyn tc lm vic c minh ha trong hnh 3-4.
TO1
OTU1
OM
RI1
OTU
TI
OTUn
RO
RI1
SC1
F
I
U
OTU
TO1
O
L
P
O
L
P
TO2
OTU1
F
I
U
OTU
TI
OA
OTUn
SC1
RI2
RO
OM
OM
OA
OA
OA
RI2
OTU
TO2
Hnh 3-4 Nguyn tc lm vic ca bo v ng quang
Hng lung tn hiu lm vic
OM
Hng lung tn hiu bo v
- 44 -
n tt nghip i hc
3.2.2 Bo v 1+1 intra - board

SC2
F
I
U
OA
OA
OADM
OTUn
F
I
U
OADM
OA
OA
SC2
OA
OA
F
I
U
OADM
OTUn
F
I
U
OADM
Hnh 3-5 NguynOA

tc lm vic ca bo v 1+1 intra-board (OTU) OA
Bo v 1+1 intra-board tn dng chc nng dual fed v thu c chn la ca board
OTU, OLP hoc DCP v thay i c ch nh tuyn bo v si OCh.
Board thc hin
bo v l OTU; OLP hoc DCP.
- 45 -
n tt nghip i hc

SC2
F
I
U
OA
OA
OADM
OTUn
F
I
U
OADM
OA
OA
SC2
OA
OA
F
I
U
F
I
U
OLP
OADM
OTUn
OADM
Hnh 3-6 Nguyn

OAtc lm vic ca bo v 1+1 intra-board (OLP)
OA
Nguyn tc lm vic minh ha trong hnh 3-5 v 3-6.

3.2.3 Bo vHng
1+1 pha
client
lung
tn hiu lm vic
Bo v 1+1 pha khch hng c cu hnh vi mt bc sng lm vic v mt bc
sng bo v c pht trong 2 tuyn khc nhau bo v board OTU v si OCh.
Cc board h tr bo v SCS; OLP hoc DCP; OTU; SCC.
Hnh 3-7 minh ha nguyn tc lm vic ca bo v 1+1 pha client.
3.2.4 Bo v SW SNCP
Bo v SW SNCP tn dng chc nng thu c chn lc v dual fed ca cc kt ni
cho ti lp in bo v line board v si OCh. Granularity ca kt ni cho l dch v
GE hoc dch v Any.
Board h tr bo v XCS; OTU; SCC.
Nguyn tc lm vic ca bo v SW SNCP c minh ha trong hnh 34.
- 46 -
n tt nghip i hc
TO11
TO11
RI11
O
T
TO21 U
1
RI21
TI1
RO1
SCS
b
RO2
OD
F
I
U
F
I
U
OD
OM
RI11
O
T
U TO21
1
RI21
TO12
TO12
RI12 O
T
U
TO22 2
TI2
OM
OM
OD
OD
F
I
U
F
I
U
OM
R
SCS
O RI12
T
U
2 TO22
RI22
RI22
Hnh 3-7 Nguyn tc bo v 1+1 pha client

F
I
U
Hng lung tn hiu bo
OA
OADM
OA
OADM
OA
OA
ng
F
I
U
F
I
U
OA
Ty
OADM
OA
OADM
OA
F
I
U
OA
Hnh 3-8 Nguyn tc lm vic ca bo v SW SNCP

Ty
ng
- 47 -
Hng lung tn hiu bo
n tt nghip i hc
3.2.5 Bo v ODUk SNCP

Bo v ODUk SNCP tn dng chc nng thu c chn lc v dual fed ca cc kt ni
cho ti lp in bo v board line v si OCh. Granularity l cc dch v ODU1.
Board h tr bo v XCS; OTU; SCC.
Hnh 3-9 minh ha nguyn tc lm vic ca loi bo v ny.
1
F
I
U
OA
OA
OADM
OADM
OA
F
I
U
OA
Ty
ng
4
F
I
U
OA
OA
OADM
OA
OADM
F
I
U
OA
Hnh 3-9 Nguyn tc lm vic ca bo v ODUk SNCP

3.2.6 Bo v VLAN SNCP ng
Ty
B
Bo v VLAN SNCP s dng chc nng thu c chn lc v dual fed ca module L2
bo v board
ng
v si
Granularity
khch
hngtn hiu bo
Hng
lung
tn OCh.
hiu lm
vic l trn mc dch v cng pha
Hng
lung
tng ng vi VLAN.
y l mt trong nhng loi bo v u vit nht ca thit b ny. S c lm r
trong phn 3.3
3.2.7 Bo v mc board
Bo v mc board c s dng bo v board TBE. Chi tit trong phn 3.4
- 48 -
n tt nghip i hc
3.2.8 Bo v ODUk SPRing

Bo v ODUk SPRing c p dng ch yu cho mng ring vi cc dch v phn
tn. Bo v ny s dng 2 bc sng khc nhau bo v a dch v phn tn gia tt c
cc trm. Phn 3.5 s ni r hn v kiu bo v ny.
3.2.9 Bo v chia s bc sng
Bo v chia s bc sng p dng cho cc mng ring vi cc dch v phn tn. N
s dng 2 bc sng bo v cho mt knh dch v phn tn gia tt c cc trm. y
c th coi l loi bo v c trng v ci tin nht ca OptiX OSN 6800. Chi tit trong
phn 3.6.
3.2.10 iu chnh cng sut thng minh (IPA)
H thng ny cung cp chc nng iu chnh cng sut thng minh (IPA). Khi trn
tuyn c mt si b t, b khuch i quang hng ln b tt cc si quang l ra
khng gy thng tch cho con ngi.
Trong h thng DWDM, si quang t, li thit b hoc tho lp connector c th
dn ti suy hao tn hiu quang trn knh quang chnh v trn cc knh ph tr. trnh
cc si quang l ra gy thng tch trn c th ngi, c bit l mt, v trnh nhiu
xung ca b khuch i quang, h thng cung cp cc chc nng IPA.
Khi suy hao ca cc tn hiu quang xy ra trn mt hoc nhiu vng trung k quang
trn knh quang chnh v cc knh gim st quang, h thng c th pht hin suy hao ca
cc tn hiu quang trn lin kt v lp tc tt b khuch i quang hng ln.
Board h tr:
Board pht hin: OAU1, OBU1, OBU2
Board thc hin iu khin: OAU1, OBU1, OBU2, HBA (vi OptiX OSN
3800)
Board pht hin ph tr: OTU, OSC, NS2.
3.2.11 iu chnh cng sut thng minh ca h thng Raman
Cng sut ca nh sng bm t cc b khuch i Raman l rt cao. V vy, trong
mt h thng c cu hnh vi cc b khuch i Raman, nn cu hnh v kch hot
chc nng IPA trc khi bt b khuch i Raman. Sau khi pht hin mt si b t, tt
b khuch i Raman. Sau , khng c nh sng bm mnh gi t giao din ng trn
b khuch i v theo cng sut quang ca ton b ng nm mc an ton.
Trong h thng WDM, si quang b t, li thit b hoc tho lp connector quang
c th dn ti suy hao tn hiu quang ca knh quang. trnh cc si quang l ra nh
hng ti c th con ngi, c bit l mt, v trnh nhiu xung ca b khuch i
quang, h thng cung cp cc chc nng IPA. Khi suy hao cng sut quang xy ra trn
mt hay nhiu hn mt vng trung k quang trn knh quang chnh v cc knh gim st
quang, h thng c th pht hin suy hao tn hiu trn lin kt v lp tc tt b khuch i
quang hng ln.
3.2.12 iu chnh mc t ng (ALC)
- 49 -
n tt nghip i hc
H thng ny cung cp chc nng iu khin mc t ng (ALC). Khi chc nng

ALC c kch hot, suy hao tuyn trong mt vng tng ln lm gim cng sut u vo
ca b khuch i trong vng . Cng sut u ra ca n v cng sut u vo v ra ca
cc b khuch i hng xung duy tr ging nhau.
Trong mt h thng WDM, s gi ha si uang hay connector quang hoc cc yu t
ch quan c th dn ti suy hao bt thng ca cc tuyn truyn dn. Trong trng hp
suy hao trn mt on tuyn tng, tt c cng sut u ra v vo b gim trn tt c cc b
khuch i ng xung. OSNR h thng xu i. ng thi, cng sut quang thu c
cng s b gim theo. Hiu sut thu s b nh hng rt ln.
Nu chc nng ALC c kch hot, hiu ng ny c th c ti thiu ha. Khi suy
hao trn mt on tuyn tng, cng sut u vo trn b khuch i gim. Nhng do
ALC, cng sut u ra cng vi cng sut vo/ra ca cc b khuch i hng xung
khc s khng b thay i. Do OSNR s dao ng t hn. Cng sut quang thu c
bi b thu s khng b thay i.
3.2.13 Cn bng cng sut t ng (APE)
H thng cung cp chc nng cn bng cng sut t ng. Vi chc nng APE, c
th gia phng ca cng sut quang ti u cui thu v duy tr OSNR.
Trong mt h thng DWDM, s thay i iu kin si quang khi h thng ang chy
c th lm thay i phng cng sut mt knh, v gim cp OSNR ca cc tn hiu.
Kch hot h thng t ng iu chnh cng sut quang ca im u cui pht vi
mi knh nhm gi phng ca cng sut quang ti u cui thu v duy tr OSNR.
3.2.14 Tin cn bng cng sut t ng nng cao (EAPE)
H thng ny cung cp chc nng tin cn bng cng sut t ng nng cao (EAPE).
iu chnh EAPE c th c kch hot m bo rng cht lng tn hiu ti u cui
thu ca mi knh t yu cu nh trc v cc dch v l kh dng.
Trong thc t hot ng ca h thng WDM, phng cng sut quang ca mi
knh, so vi trong sut qu trnh a vo trin khai hot ng, thay i rt ln do s thay
i iu kin si. Kt qu l cht lng ca cc tn hiu thu c khng t yu cu.
Trong trng hp ny, iu chnh EAPE c th c s dng m bo cht lng tn
hiu ti u cui thu ca mi knh t yu cu nh trc v cc dch v kh dng.
Sau y s i chi tit v 4 kiu bo v u vit nht trong thit b ny ca Huawei.
3.3 Bo v VLAN SNCP

3.3.1 Khi nim:
Bo v VLAN SNCP s dng chc nng thu c chn lc v dual fed ca module L2
bo v board ng v si OCh.
3.3.2 Board h tr bo v
XCS; L4G, TBE; SCC
3.3.3 iu kin khi mo
Trng thi ng bt thng c pht hin khi khng c khung OAM no c
nhn trong mt chu k (100ms).
- 50 -
n tt nghip i hc
Cc cnh bo sau xut hin trn board: R_LOS, R_LOF, AIS, R_OOF,
OTU5G_LOF, OTU5G_AIS, OTU5G_LOM.
3.3.4 Nguyn tc lm vic
F
I
U
OA
OADM
OA
OADM
OA
OA
ng
F
I
U
OA
OADM
OA
F
I
U
Ty
OA
OADM
F
I
U
OA
Hnh 3-10 Nguyn tc lm vic ca bo v VLAN SNCP

VLAN SNCP bo v cc dchTy
v inter-subnet Bv khng yu ng
cu giao thc. VLAN
SNCP cung cp bo v i vi cc cu hnh nh ring vi chain, rangent ring, intersecting
ring. iu ny
m bo
tnhtnmm
Hng
lung
hiudo
lmcao
victrong ng dng.
Hng lung tn hiu bo
Nguyn tc ca bo v VLAN SNCP l tng t nh ca SW SNCP. S khc nhau
nm ch VLAN SNCP gim st lp in L2 trong khi SW SNCP gim st lp in L1.
Hnh 3-10 ch ra nguyn tc lm vic vi VLAN SNCP nh mt v d.
Bo v 1+1 pha khch hng v VLAN SNCP khng th c cu hnh ng thi
cho board L4G v TBE.
Nh c ch ra trong hnh 3-10, 2 v 4 l OTU lm vic; 1 v 3 l OTU bo v. Cc
link lm vic v bo v thc hin thu c chn lc v dual fed bng cch s dng module
L2.
Board SCC truyn thng vi OTU qua backplane. S truyn thng ny khng c
biu din trong hnh 3-10.
- 51 -
n tt nghip i hc
Trong hng pht, cc dch v khc hng cn c bo v l u vo qua OTU2.

Sau , cc dch v khch hng c nhn i v pht trong 2 link: link lm vic v link
bo v. Cc dch v bo v c u ni cho ti OTU1 thng qua OTU2. Cc tn hiu
lm vic v tn hiu bo v pht trn cc knh lm vic v bo v ring bit.
Trong hng thu, cc tn hiu t link lm vic trn OTU4 c chn trong sut qu
trnh hot ng thng thng. Khi knh lm vic bt thng, tn hiu t link bo v trn
OTU4 c chn.
Sau khi knh lm vic tr li hot ng bnh thng, cc tn hiu dch v c th
c chuyn mch tr li lin kt trn OTU c theo ch tr li c cu hnh trc
trn T2000.
3.4 Bo v mc board
3.4.1 Khi nim:
Bo v mc board c s dng bo v board TBE. Bo v mc board c 2 ch
: ch chung v ch m rng. Ch m rng yu cu board SCS.
TBE; SCS; SCC.
3.4.3 iu kin khi mo
iu kin khi mo chuyn mch bo v mc board l:
Board tt ngun hoc offline;
Board li;
Cnh bo board: LINK_ERR, PORT_MODULE_OFFLINE, R_LOS, R_LOF.
Mc board s dng phng php chuyn mch kt cui n (single-ended) v c
s dng cho mng chain v ring.
R1
TBE1
R2
TBE2
TBE1
TBE1
L
4
G
O
A
D
M
F
I
U
F
I
U
O
A
D
M
TBE2
L
4
G
TBE1
TBE2
TBE2
Hnh 3-11 Bo v mc board ch chung

hiu bo v
Mc board c chia thnh kiu thng v kiu m rng, nhHng
c lung
ch ratntrong
hnh 3-11 v 3-12.
Trong ch thng:
- 52 -
n tt nghip i hc
- Hng pht, cc dch v khch hng cn c bo v l u vo qua 2 router R1 v

R2 v sau c gi ti TBE1 v TBE2. Sau , ch TBE1 phc v nh mt board tch
cc v cc tn hiu ca TBE1 c kt ni cho ti board L4G truyn dn. Trong ch
chung, 2 router cn c cu hnh v cc dch v ca chng phi ging nhau.
TBE1
R1
S
C
S
TBE2
TBE1
TBE1
L
4
G
O
A
D
M
F
I
U
F
I
U
TBE2
O
A
D
M
L
4
G
TBE2
TBE1
TBE2
Hnh 3-12 Bo v mc board ch m rng
H ng
lungng
tn hiu
lmthng,
vic
H ng
lung tch
tn hiu
- Hng thu,
khi hot
bnh
ch cc kt ni cho
ca board
ccbo v
c cho php, board d phng th khng. Khi board tch cc ti u cui thu b li, ngt
cc kt ni cho ca n, v kch hot cc kt ni ca board d phng TBE2. Cc dch v
c chuyn mch ti TBE2 v l u ra thng qua router R2.
Trong ch m rng:
- Hng pht, cc dch v khch hng cn c bo v i vo qua router R1. SCS
board ng thi a cc tn hiu ti board tch cc TBE1 v board d phng TBE2. Sau
, ch TBE1 phc v nh board tch cc v cc tn hiu ca TBE1 c u ni cho ti
board L4G truyn dn.
- Hng thu, khi hot ng bnh thng, ch laser ca TBE1 c bt, cn TBE2 tt.
Cc kt ni cho ch ca TBE1 c thc hin. Khi TBE1 b li, tt laser ca n ngt
kt ni cho. Nh mt h qu, laser TBE2 bt, v cc kt ni cho bo v tng ng c
bt. SCS board thu c chn lc cc dch v ch ca TBE2.
3.5 Bo v ODUk SPRing

3.5.1 Khi nim
Bo v ODUk SPRing ch yu p dng cho mng ring vi cc dch v phn tn. Bo
v ny s dng 2 bc sng khc nhau bo v a dch v phn tn gia tt c cc trm.
NS2; Cc board nhnh; XCS; SCC.
3.5.3 iu kin khi mo
iu kin khi mo cho bo v ODUk SPRing nh sau:
- Li board (v d nh XCS hoc NS2 b tt hoc offline)
- 53 -
S
C
S
n tt nghip i hc
- Li tn hiu (SF): Pha board cnh bo R_LOS, R_LOC, HARD_BAD,

OTU2_LOF, OTU2_AIS, OTU2_LOM, ODU1_LOFLOM, ODU1_TCM6_AIS,
ODU1_TCM6_OCI v/hoc ODU1_TCM6_LCK.
- Gim cp tn hiu (SD): Pha board cnh bo ODU1_TCM6_DEG,
ODU1_TCM6_EXC, OTU2_DEG v/hoc OTU2_EXC.
Bo v ODUk SPRing p dng cho mng ring theo yu cu h tr ca mt giao
thc bo v mng. Bo v ny s dng ch chuyn mch dual-ended, c th l, khi u
cui nhn ca knh lm vic li th c u cui thu v pht ca knh lm vic u c
chuyn mch sang knh bo v.
Board
nhnh
Board
ng
Board
ng
NODE
thng
Board
ng
Board
ng
Hnh 3-13 Nguyn tc bo v ODUk SPRing vi node thng

Board
nhnh
Board
ng
Board
ng
Board
ng
Board
ng
NODE qun l
Hng
lungSPRing
tn hiu lm
vic qun l
Hnh 3-14 Nguyn tc bo
v ODUk
vi node
Node cu hnh vi bo v ODUkHng
SPRinglung
ctnchia
node thng v node qun
hiuthnh
bo v
l nh c ch ra trong hnh 3-13 v 3-14.
- 54 -
n tt nghip i hc
Sau khi bo v ODUk SPRing c cu hnh ti mt node thng, kt ni cho cho

qua ca knh bo v t ng c to, nh hnh 3-13.
Nu tt c cc knh bo v ca mng ring c u ni cho thng qua, c tnh ca
n khng th b pht hin chnh xc. Trong trng hp ny, bo v b li. V vy, mt
node qun l phi c xc nh. Sau khi node qun l c ch nh, h thng t ng
xa kt ni song hng gia cc knh bo v pha ng v ty ca nhm bo v tng
ng ti node qun l. Trong khi , h thng c 3 knh dch v xen/r ti node . Mt
trong 3 knh ny ca dch v chia 3 c u ti knh lm vic thng thng; knh th 2
c qung b tch bit ti cc knh bo v pha ng v ty. Kt qu l, cc knh bo v
cng mang dch v, nh c ch ra trong hnh 3-14.
Bo v ODUk SPRing p dng cho ring 2 si hoc 4 si nh ln lt ch ra trong
hnh 3-13 v 3-14.
- Trong trng hp ca ring 2 si, mt trm yu cu ti thiu 2 board ng. Trong
hnh, board ng cao hn v thp hn l mt board vt l.
- Trong trng hp ring 4 si, mt trm yu cu ti thiu 4 board ng. Trong
trng hp ny knh bo v v knh lm vic nm trn cc si khc nhau.
Board nhnh c chn da trn kiu dch v truy nhp.
SCC truyn thng vi board nhnh v board ng thng qua backplane. S truyn
thng ny khng c ch ra trong hnh.
Trong mt mng bo v ODUk SPRing, phi c mt node qun l; node qun l
phi lin quan cht ch ti cc dch v phc v nh u cui ch hay ngun i vi
cc dch v.
- Nu khng c node qun l, nhm bo v ODUk SPRing s khng thc hin chc
nng.
- Nu c nhiu node qun l, hiu nng chuyn mch bo v b nh hng.
Node qun l c xem nh mt v m t hot ng ca bo v SPRing.
- Hng pht: Cc dch v khch hng cn c bo v l u vo thng qua board
nhnh, kt ni cho ti board ng lm vic pha ng, v sau u ghp ti board bo
v pha ng v pha tay. Trong cch ny, cc tn hiu lm vic l tch bit. Sau , cc
tn hiu lm vic v bo v c truyn tch bit trn cc knh bo v v lm vic.
- Hng thu, khi hot ng bnh thng, ch kt ni cho ca knh lm vic c
kch hot; cn knh bo v th khng. Khi knh lm vic b li, ngt kt ni ca knh lm
vic ti u cui thu. Theo , kt ni ca knh lm vic tng ng vi board ng pha
tay c to, v cc dch v hot ng trn knh bo v.
Khi knh lm vic c khi phc, bo knh bo v l c tnh tr li, nn cc tn
hiu dch v c chuyn mch tr li kt ni cho tng ng vi board ng xc nh
ban u.
Nh c ch ra trong hnh 3-15, trm A, B, C v D to thnh mt mng ODUk
SPRing. Mt knh dch v hot ng gia mi i trm lin k. Trong mng, trm A phc
- 55 -
n tt nghip i hc
v nh mt node qun l. Phn sau xem xt mt knh dch v gia trm A v trm B v
gia cc trm A v D nh 2 v d.
Nh ch ra trong hnh 3-15, ODU1-1 ca board ng phc v nh mt knh bo v.
Khi cc dch v hot ng bnh thng, mi dch v phn tn i trn knh ODU1-2 ca
board ng. Trm A c ch nh l node qun l. Cc dch v c chia 3 ti trm A;
c th, cc dch v c u ti knh ODU1-2 ca board ng pha ty, knh ODU1-1
ca board ng pha ng v knh ODU1-1 ca board ng pha ty.
- Thng thng, tuyn lm vic t A ti D l i v pha ty (A-D); ODU1-2 phc v
nh knh lm vic. Tuyn bo v t A n D l i v pha ng (A-B-C-D); ODU1-1 ca
board ng pha ng phc v nh knh bo v. Tuyn lm vic t D ti A l i v pha
ng (D-A); ODU1-2 phc v nh knh lm vic. Tuyn bo v t D ti A l i v pha
ty (D-C-B-A); ODU1-1 ca board ng pha ty phc v nh mt knh bo v.
ODU1-2
Board
nhnh
Board
ng
OADM
(Ty)
ODU1-2
FIU
OADM
(ng)
FIU
ODU1-1
Board
ng
ODU1-1
Board
ng
ODU1-2
OADM
(ng)
Board
ng
ODU1-1
ODU1-1
FIU
FIU
B
OADM
(Ty)
OADM
(Ty)
FIU
FIU
ODU1-2
Board
nhnh
ODU1-1
ODU1-1
Board
ng
OADM
(ng)
Board
ng
ODU1-1
ODU1-1
Board
OADMtc lm vic ca bo v ODUk SPRing
OADM
Board
Hnh
3-15 Nguyn
FIU
FIU
ng
(ng)
(Ty)
ng
- Thng thng, tuyn lm
vic t A ti B l i v pha ng (A-B);
ODU1-2 phc
ODU1-2
ODU1-2
v nh mt knh lm vic. Tuyn bo v t A ti B l i v pha ty (A-D-C-B); ODU1-1
ca board ng Hng
pha lung
ty phc
nh knh bo v. Tuyn lm vic t B
ti A l i v
tn hiu v
lm vic
pha ty (B-A); ODU1-2 phc v nh knh lm vic. Tuyn bo v t B ti A l i v
pha ng (B-C-D-A); ODU1-1 phc v nh knh bo v.
Board
nhnh
- 56 -
Board
nhnh
n tt nghip i hc
- Khi trm A pht hin tuyn pha ty b li, c dch v t A ti D v t D ti A c

chuyn mch sang knh bo v. Trong trng hp ny, cc knh sau y c to gia
trm A v D: Cc dch v t A ti D c chuyn mch sang tuyn bo v pha ng (AB-C-D); ODU1-1 phc v nh knh bo v. Cc dch v t D ti A c chuyn mch
sang tuyn bo pha ty (D-C-B-A); ODU1-1 phc v nh knh bo v. Cc dch v song
hng gia trm A v B khng b nh hng v vn i trn knh lm vic ban u.
Khi tuyn pha ng trong trm A c khi phc, nhm bo v ODUk SPRing thc
hin mt qu trnh ging nh qu trnh trc . Mt chuyn mch khc c thc hin;
cc dch v c chuyn mch tr li knh lm vic di cc iu kin thng thng.
3.6 Bo v chia s bc sng quang

3.6.1 Khi nim
Bo v chia s bc sng quang p dng cho cc mng ring vi cc dch v phn
tn. N s dng 2 bc sng cung cp bo v cho mt knh dch v phn tn gia tt
c cc trm.
- 57 -
n tt nghip i hc
OTU1
OT U2
OT U1
2
1
OA D M
(T y)
2xDCP
OA D M
( n g)
1 2
2
F IU
1
2
2xDCP
OA D M
(T y)
F IU
F IU
F IU
1 2
2
1
OA D M
( n g)
2xDCP
1
F IU
FIU
OA D M
(T y)
1
Hnh 3-16 Nguyn 2
tc lm vic ca bo v chia s bc sng quang
1 1
21
OA D M
( ng)
1 2xDCP
2
2 1 1
OT U2OSC; SCC.
OT U2
OTU;
3.6.3 iu kin khi mo
ng lung tn hiu bo v
ng mo
lungcho
tn hiu
lm vic
iu kinHkhi
chuyn
mch chia s bc sng quang Hnh
sau:
- C mt iu kin li tn hiu: Suy hao cng sut u vo vt ngng. Cnh bo
pha board MUT_LOS.
- C mt iu kin gim cp tn hiu: SD bao gm cc cnh bo pha board: R_LOS,
R_LOC, R_LOF, OTUk_LOF, OTUk_LOM, OTUk_AIS, ODUk_PM_AIS,
ODUk_PM_OCI, ODUk_PM_LCK, OTUk_TIM, ODUk_PM_TIM, ODUk_LOFLOM,
OTU1
DCP;
F IU
OA D M
(T y)
11
OA D M
( ng)
FIU
2 1
2
1
OTU2
- 58 -
OTU1
n tt nghip i hc
IN_PWR_HIGH, IN_PWR_LOW, B1_EXC, ODUk_PM_DEG, ODUk_PM_EXC,

OTUk_DEG, OTUk_EXC. k bao gm 1, 2 v 5G.
Chuyn mch chia s bc sng p dng cho cc mng ring. Bo v yu cu giao
thc chuyn mch bo v mng. N c trng bi chuyn mch dual-ended, pht kp v
thu c chn lc. Mt khc, khi bc sng cho cc tn hiu thu trong knh lm vic b li,
vic thu pht c chuyn mch sang knh bo v.
Nh c ch ra trong hnh 3-16, trm A, B, C v D to thnh mt mng ring. Mi
trm c mt knh dch v vi cc node lin k n. Ly mt knh dch v gia A v B
cng vi knh gia A v D lm mt v d gii thch c ch bo v.
Cc dch v c xen vo thng qua board OTU1 v c r ra thng qua board
OTU2 trong trm hng xung lin k. Hoc, cc dch v c xen vo thng qua board
OTU2 v r ra qua board OTU1 trong trm hng xung lin k.
- Di cc iu kin bnh thng, tuyn lm vic gia A v B l pha ng (A-B), v
1 l bc sng lm vic. Tuyn bo v gia A v B l pha ty (A-D-C-B), v 1 trong
knh bo v l bc sng bo v. Tuyn lm vic gia B v A l pha ty (B-A), v 2 l
bc sng lm vic. Tuyn bo v gia B v A l pha ng (B-C-D-A), v 2 trong
knh bo v l bc sng bo v.
- Di cc iu kin thng, tuyn lm vic gia A v D l pha ty (A-D), v 2 l
bc sng lm vic. Tuyn bo v gia A v D l pha ng (A-B-C-D), v 2 trong
knh bo v l bc sng bo v. Tuyn lm vic gia D v A l pha ng (D-A), v
1
l bc sng lm vic. Tuyn bo v gia D v A l pha ty (D-C-B-A), v 1 l bc

sng bo v trong knh bo v.
- Khi trm A pht hin mt li trong tuyn pha ng, cc dch v t A ti B v t B
ti A chuyn mch ti cc tuyn bo v. Khng nh hng ti cc dch v gia A v D.
Trong trng hp ny, cc bc sng sau c s dng gia A v B. Cc dch v t A ti
B chuyn mch sang tuyn bo v pha ty (A-D-C-B), v bc sng bo v
1 c s
dng. Cc dch v t B ti A chuyn mch sang tuyn bo v pha ng (B-D-C-A), v
bc sng bo v 2 c s dng. Khng nh hng ti cc dch v song hng gia
A v D.
- Khi tuyn pha ng trn trm A c khi phc, mt qu trnh tng t c thc
hin di bo v OWSP. Mt chuyn mch xut hin. Cc bc sng lm vic di iu
kin thng c s dng.
KT LUN
Chng 3 tm hiu v gii php ASON ca Huawei vi cc series thit b cho tng
mt phng kin trc: series OSN cho mt phng truyn ti, mt phng iu khin c h
tr bi phn mm OptiX GCP, h thng qun l T2000 v cc phn mm h tr khc.
Thit b OptiX OSN 6800 c trin khai cho mt phng truyn ti ca ASON vi nhng
c trng ring trong c tnh u vit ca cc loi bo v nh bo v VLAN SNCP, bo
v chia s bc sng quang, c coi l sc mnh ca sn phm ny.
- 59 -
KT LUN
ASON l mt cng ngh truyn ti mi m ra i trn nn tng cng ngh truyn ti
WDM nhng c nhng thay i mang tnh c o khc phc nhc im c hu ca
cng ngh c v p ng nhu cu bng n bng thng hin ti.
Kin trc ca ASON c chia lm 3 mt phng: mt phng truyn ti, mt phng
iu khin, v mt phng qun l. ASON s dng ti nh tuyn khi phc v bo v
cc dch v. Cc mng ASON hin ti c trin khai thng s dng cc giao thc nh
LMP, OSPF-TE, v RSVP-TE cho mt phng iu khin. ASON cung cp rt nhiu chc
nng mng v d nh cu hnh dch v t u cui ti u cui v SLA.
Chng 2 dnh ring tm hiu v cc yu cu cho bo hiu v nh tuyn ca ASON.
Bo hiu trong ASON hay qun l kt ni v cuc gi phn tn bao gm cc th tc thit
lp, gii phng v mt s hot ng khc na nh truy vn hay thay i cuc gi v kt
ni.
Phn cn li ca n l p dng thc t cc yu cu ny trn thit b OptiX OSN
6800 ca Huawei. Thit b ny h tr rt nhiu loi bo v trong ng ch nht l
bo v VLAN SNCP v bo v chia s bc sng quang. Hin ti mng ng trc Bc
Nam ca nc ta ang vn hnh th dng thit b ny.
Trn y l nhng hiu bit c phn cn hn ch ca em v mt cng ngh truyn ti
mi ASON. Do hn ch v trnh cng nh thi gian tm hiu cha nhiu nn n vn
cn nhiu sai st. Knh mong cc thy c gio ch bo em c th hon thin hn vn
kin thc ca mnh. Nu c c hi c m rng hn na n ny em hy vng c th
tm hiu c vic p dng vo thc t cc khuyn ngh cho ASON, v hot ng ca mt
phng iu khin cng nh ca h thng qun l ca ASON ti Vit Nam
Cui cng, mt ln na em xin gi li cm n ti tt c cc thy c gio tn tnh
dy d em trong 9 k hc va qua. c bit em gi li cm n chn thnh ti KS. L
Thanh Thy dn dt em i ti hon thnh n ny. Em xin chn thnh cm n!
- 60 -
TI LIU THAM KHO

[1] ITU-T Recommendation G.8080/Y.1304 Architecture for the automatically
switched optical - 2005.
[2] ITU-T Recommendation G.7713/Y.1704 Distributed call and connection
Management (DCM) - 2006.
[3] ITU-T Recommendation G.7715/Y.1706 Architecture and requirements for
routing in the automatically switched optical networks - 2002.
[4] OptiX OSN 6800/OptiX OSN 3800 product description - Huawei - 2008
[5] OptiX OSN 6800/OptiX OSN 3800 hardware description - Huawei - 2008
[6] OptiX OSN 6800/OptiX OSN 3800 feature description - Huawei - 2008
[7] Enabling Optical Internet with advanced Network Tecnologies - Springer - 2008.
MC LC
MC LC
DANH MC HNH V
DANH MC BNG BIU
THUT NG VIT TT
LI NI U..................................................................................................................................1
CHNG 1......................................................................................................................................2
TNG QUAN V MNG QUANG CHUYN MCH T NG..............................................2
1.1 Kin trc ASON.....................................................................................................................3
1.1.1 Kin trc logic.................................................................................................................3
1.1.2 Kin trc chc nng.........................................................................................................5
1.1.3 Bo v v khi phc mng..............................................................................................6
1.2 Giao thc ASON.....................................................................................................................7
1.2.2 OSPF-TE.........................................................................................................................8
1.2.3 RSVP-TE.........................................................................................................................8
1.3 Cc lin kt ASON.................................................................................................................9
1.3.1 Cc knh iu khin........................................................................................................9
1.3.2 Cc lin kt iu khin....................................................................................................9
1.4 Kh nng t ng pht hin ca cc cu hnh mng............................................................10
1.4.1 Kh nng t ng pht hin ca cc lin kt iu khin...............................................10
1.4.2 Kh nng t ng pht hin ca cc TE link.................................................................10
1.5 To v xa mt tuyn ASON...............................................................................................11
1.5.1 To LSP.........................................................................................................................11
1.5.2 Xa LSP.........................................................................................................................12
1.5.3 Ti nh tuyn LSP........................................................................................................13
1.5.4 Thay i mt LSP..........................................................................................................13
1.6 Chc nng mng...................................................................................................................14
1.6.1 Cu hnh dch v t u cui ti u cui.....................................................................14
1.6.2 Tha thun mc dch v SLA........................................................................................15
CHNG 2....................................................................................................................................17
BO HIU V NH TUYN TRONG ASON..........................................................................17
2.1 Qun l kt ni v cuc gi phn tn (DCM).......................................................................17
2.1.1 Cc yu cu ca DCM...................................................................................................17
2.1.1.1 Cc th tc qun l kt ni v cuc gi phn tn...................................................18
2.1.1.2 Khi phc...............................................................................................................26
2.1.2 Cc b bn tin DCM......................................................................................................27
2.2 Kin trc v cc yu cu nh tuyn.....................................................................................28
2.2.1 Kin trc nh tuyn ASON..........................................................................................28
2.2.1.1 Khi nim c bn....................................................................................................28
2.2.1.2 Kin trc nh tuyn v cc thnh phn chc nng................................................30
2.2.1.3 Cc h thng phn cp nh tuyn..........................................................................31
2.2.2 Cc yu cu nh tuyn ca ASON...............................................................................34
2.2.2.1 Cc yu cu kin trc..............................................................................................34
2.2.2.2 Cc yu cu giao thc.............................................................................................35
2.2.2.3 Cc yu cu la chn tuyn...................................................................................35
CHNG 3....................................................................................................................................40
- 62 -
GII PHP ASON CA HUAWEI..............................................................................................40

3.1 Gii thiu v gii php ASON ca Huawei v thit b OptiX OSN 6800............................40
3.1.1 Gii php ASON ca Huawei........................................................................................40
3.1.2 Thit b OptiX OSN 6800..............................................................................................41
3.2 Cc loi bo v h tr...........................................................................................................44
3.2.1 Bo v ng quang .....................................................................................................44
3.2.2 Bo v 1+1 intra - board................................................................................................45
3.2.3 Bo v 1+1 pha client...................................................................................................46
3.2.4 Bo v SW SNCP..........................................................................................................46
3.2.5 Bo v ODUk SNCP.....................................................................................................48
3.2.6 Bo v VLAN SNCP.....................................................................................................48
3.2.7 Bo v mc board..........................................................................................................48
3.2.8 Bo v ODUk SPRing...................................................................................................49
3.2.9 Bo v chia s bc sng..............................................................................................49
3.2.10 iu chnh cng sut thng minh (IPA)......................................................................49
3.2.11 iu chnh cng sut thng minh ca h thng Raman..............................................49
3.2.12 iu chnh mc t ng (ALC)...................................................................................49
3.2.13 Cn bng cng sut t ng (APE).............................................................................50
3.2.14 Tin cn bng cng sut t ng nng cao (EAPE)....................................................50
3.3 Bo v VLAN SNCP............................................................................................................50
3.3.1 Khi nim:.....................................................................................................................50
3.3.2 Board h tr bo v.......................................................................................................50
3.3.3 iu kin khi mo.......................................................................................................50
3.3.4 Nguyn tc lm vic......................................................................................................51
3.4 Bo v mc board.................................................................................................................52
3.4.1 Khi nim:.....................................................................................................................52
3.4.2 Board h tr bo v......................................................................................................52
3.4.3 iu kin khi mo.......................................................................................................52
3.4.4 Nguyn tc lm vic......................................................................................................52
3.5 Bo v ODUk SPRing..........................................................................................................53
3.5.1 Khi nim......................................................................................................................53
3.5.2 Board h tr bo v.......................................................................................................53
3.5.3 iu kin khi mo.......................................................................................................53
3.5.4 Nguyn tc lm vic......................................................................................................54
3.6 Bo v chia s bc sng quang...........................................................................................57
3.6.1 Khi nim......................................................................................................................57
3.6.2 Board h tr bo v.......................................................................................................58
3.6.3 iu kin khi mo.......................................................................................................58
3.6.4 Nguyn tc lm vic......................................................................................................59
KT LUN....................................................................................................................................60
TI LIU THAM KHO..............................................................................................................61
MC LC......................................................................................................................................62
DANH MC HNH V.................................................................................................................65
DANH MC BNG BIU............................................................................................................66
THUT NG VIT TT..............................................................................................................67
TI LIU THAM KHO
- 63 -
- 64 -
DANH MC HNH V
Hnh 1-1 Ba mt phng ASON.........................................................................................................3
Hnh 1-2 Ci nhn logic v kin trc ASON....................................................................................4
Hnh 1-3 Kin trc chc nng ASON...............................................................................................5
Hnh 1-4 Thnh phn mng ASON..................................................................................................5
Hnh 1-5 To cc knh iu khin....................................................................................................7
Hnh 1-6 Kim tra cc TE link.........................................................................................................8
Hnh 1-7 T ng pht hin TE link..............................................................................................11
Hnh 1-8 To LSP...........................................................................................................................12
Hnh 1-9 Xa mt LSP...................................................................................................................13
Hnh 1-10 Cu hnh dch v t u cui ti u cui.....................................................................15
Hnh 2-2 Cc kt ni v cc phn on cuc gi...........................................................................18
Hnh 2-3 Thit lp LC v SNC cho mt yu cu cuc gi.............................................................19
Hnh 2-4 Thit lp kt ni lin kt bng cch ch nh cc SNP....................................................20
Hnh 2-5 To mt kt ni mng con SNC sau khi thit lp cc kt ni lin kt LC......................21
Hnh 2-6 Qu trnh yu cu thit lp cuc gi................................................................................22
Hnh 2-7 Qu trnh yu cu gii phng cuc gi............................................................................23
Hnh 2-8 To LC v SNC cho mt yu cu thit lp kt ni..........................................................24
Hnh 2-9 Gii phng LC v SNC cho mt yu cu gii phng cuc gi.......................................25
Hnh 2-10 Mi quan h gia RA, RP, RC v RCD........................................................................29
Hnh 2-11 V d cc thnh phn chc nng nh tuyn.................................................................30
Hnh 2-12 Mi quan h gia RDB v cc RC cho nhiu vng nh tuyn....................................31
Hnh 2-13 V d cc h thng phn cp nh tuyn.......................................................................32
Hnh 2-14 Cu hnh nhn t RP lin quan ti cc vng nh tuyn phn cp................................33
Hnh 2-15 V d thc thi cc h thc hin nh tuyn phn cp....................................................33
Hnh 2-16 Mi quan h gia LRM (tng ng vi cc SNPP) vi cc RC...................................34
Hnh 2-17 Cc bn tin nh tuyn v cc s kin...........................................................................36
Hnh 3-1 Gii php ASON ca Huawei.........................................................................................40
Hnh 3-2 Gii php ASON metropolitan........................................................................................41
Hnh 3-3 Kin trc nn tng truyn ti quang thng minh th h k tip.......................................42
Hnh 3-4 Nguyn tc lm vic ca bo v ng quang................................................................44
Hnh 3-5 Nguyn tc lm vic ca bo v 1+1 intra-board (OTU)................................................45
Hnh 3-6 Nguyn tc lm vic ca bo v 1+1 intra-board (OLP).................................................46
Hnh 3-7 Nguyn tc bo v 1+1 pha client..................................................................................47
Hnh 3-8 Nguyn tc lm vic ca bo v SW SNCP....................................................................47
Hnh 3-9 Nguyn tc lm vic ca bo v ODUk SNCP...............................................................48
Hnh 3-10 Nguyn tc lm vic ca bo v VLAN SNCP.............................................................51
Hnh 3-11 Bo v mc board ch chung ..................................................................................52
Hnh 3-12 Bo v mc board ch m rng...............................................................................53
Hnh 3-13 Nguyn tc bo v ODUk SPRing vi node thng.....................................................54
Hnh 3-14 Nguyn tc bo v ODUk SPRing vi node qun l....................................................54
Hnh 3-15 Nguyn tc lm vic ca bo v ODUk SPRing...........................................................56
Hnh 3-16 Nguyn tc lm vic ca bo v chia s bc sng quang...........................................58
- 65 -
DANH MC BNG BIU

Bng 1-1 Mc dch v....................................................................................................................15
Bng 2-1 Cc bn tin UNI..............................................................................................................27
Bng 2-2 Cc bn tin I-NNI...........................................................................................................27
Bng 2-3 Cc bn tin E-NNI..........................................................................................................28
Bng 3-1 Danh sch cc board.......................................................................................................42
- 66 -
THUT NG VIT TT
Vit tt
Ngha
AD
Administration Domain
Min qun l
AGC
Access Group Container
Cng-ten-n nhm truy nhp
ALC
Automatic Level Control
iu khin mc t ng
APE
Automatic Power Equilibrium
Cn bng cng sut t ng
ASON
Automatically Switched Optical

Network
Mng quang chuyn mch t ng
ASTN
Automatically Switched Transport

Network
Mng truyn ti chuyn mch t

ng
CAC
Call Admission Control
iu khin nhn bit cuc gi
CallC
Call Controller
B iu khin cuc gi
CC
Connection Controller
B iu khin kt ni
CCC
Calling/Called Party Call Controller
B iu khin cuc gi pha gi/b gi
CCI
Connection Control Interface
Giao din iu khin kt ni
CoS
Class of Service
Phn lp dch v
DCE
Data Circuit Equipment
Thit b mch d liu
DCM
Distributed Call and connection

Management
Qun l kt ni v cuc gi phn tn
DTE
Data Terminal Equipment
Thit b u cui d liu
EAPE
Enhanced Automatic Power

Pre-Equilibrium
Tin cn bng cng sut t ng

nng cao
E-NNI
External- Network Network Interface Giao din mng mng ngoi
EPL
Ethernet Private Line
EPLAN
Ethernet Private Local Area Network Mng ni ht ring Ethernet
EVPL
Ethernet Virtual Private Line
ng ring Ethernet o
EVPLAN
Ethernet Virtual Private Local Area

Network
Mng ni ht ring o Ethernet
FIU
Fiber Interface Unit
Khi giao din si
FOADM
Fixed Optical Add/Drop

Multiplexing
Ghp knh xen/r quang c nh
GE
GigabitEthernet
Dch v GigabitEthernet
ng ring Ethernet
- 67 -
GMPLS
Generalized Multi-Protocol Label

Switching
Chuyn mch nhn a giao thc

tng qut
GoS
Grade of Service
Phn cp dch v
I-NNI
Internal Network Network Interface
Giao din mng mng trong
IP
Internet Protocol
Giao thc lin mng
IPA
Intelligent Power Adjustment
iu chnh cng sut thng minh
LC
Link Connection
Kt ni lin kt
LMP
Link Management Protocol
Giao thc qun l lin kt
LRM
Link Resource Management
Qun l ti nguyn lin kt
LSP
Label Switching Path
Tuyn chuyn mch nhn
MPLS
Multi-protocol Label Switching
Chuyn mch nhn a giao thc
NE
Network Element
Phn t mng
NMI
Network Management Interface
Giao din qun l mng
NMS
Network Management System
H thng qun l mng
OA
Optical Amplifier
B khuch i quang
OLP
Optical Line Protection
Bo v ng quang
OSPF
Open Shortest Path First
Giao thc nh tuyn OSPF
OTU
Optical Transponder Unit
Khi truyn ti quang
PC
Protocol Controller
B iu khin giao thc
PI
Physical Interface
Giao din vt l
RA
Routing Area
Vng nh tuyn
RAdj
Routing Adjacency
Lin k nh tuyn
RC
Routing Controller
iu khin nh tuyn
RCD
Routing Control Domain
Min iu khin nh tuyn
RDB
Routing Information DataBase
C s d liu thng tin nh tuyn
ROADM
Reconfigurable Optical Add/Drop

Multiplexing
Ghp xen/r quang c th cu hnh
RP
Routing Performer
H thc hin nh tuyn
RSVP
Resource Reservation Protocol
Giao thc dnh trc ti nguyn
SC
Switched Connection
Kt ni chuyn mch
- 68 -
SLA
Service Level Agreement
Tha thn ma dch v
SNC
SubNetwork Connection
Kt ni mng con
SNP
SubNetwork Point
im mng con
SNPP
SubNetwork Point Pool
B im mng con
SPC
Soft Permanent Connection
Kt ni c nh mm
TE
Traffic Engineering
K thut lu lng
TMN
Telecommunication Management
Network
Mng qun l vin thng
TSC
Transit Signalling Controller
B iu khin bo hiu chuyn tip
UNI
User Network Interface
Giao din mng ngi s dng
VLAN
Virtual Local Area Network
Mng ni ht o
VPN
Virtual Private Network
Mng ring o
WDM
Wavelenght Division Multiplexing
Ghp knh phn chia bc sng
- 69 -

ASON

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LI NI U

Th k 21 nh du s bng n mnh m lu lng truyn ti trn h tng mng

Chng 1 Tng quan v ASON

Chng 1 Tng quan v ASON

1.1 Kin trc ASON

Chng 1 Tng quan v ASON

Chng 1 Tng quan v ASON

1.1.2 Kin trc chc nng

G iao thc qun l lin kt

Node ID, NE ID, v a ch IP ca NE c lp vi nhau.

Chng 1 Tng quan v ASON

TE link l mt lin kt k thut lu lng. ASON NE gi thng tin bng thng ca

Chng 1 Tng quan v ASON

Cc c ch khi phc mng c th c chia thnh c ch khi phc tp trung v c

1.2 Giao thc ASON

Hnh 1-5 To cc knh iu khin

Chng 1 Tng quan v ASON

Bn tin kim tra

Hnh 1-6 Kim tra cc TE link

Chng 1 Tng quan v ASON

1.3 Cc lin kt ASON

Chng 1 Tng quan v ASON

Mc nh, cc lin kt iu khin c to trong cc si. Cc lin kt iu khin

1.4 Kh nng t ng pht hin ca cc cu hnh mng

Chng 1 Tng quan v ASON

Hnh 1-7 T ng pht hin TE link

Chng 1 Tng quan v ASON

Chn cc thng tin c bn nh mc dch v trn NM, node ngun, node ch

Mt dch v song hng

Hnh 1-8 To LSP

cu hnh iu khin v cu hnh dch v, t c OSPF-TE thng qua s hi t.

Chng 1 Tng quan v ASON

Qu trnh xa mt LSP nh sau:

Hnh 1-9 Xa mt LSP

Chng 1 Tng quan v ASON

H thng qun l pht mt yu cu ti node ngun thay i LSP. Sau khi

1.6 Chc nng mng

Chng 1 Tng quan v ASON

C ch bo v v khi Cch thc thc

Chng 1 Tng quan v ASON

Chng 2 Bo hiu v nh tuyn trong

2.1 Qun l kt ni v cuc gi phn tn (DCM)

ASC-1 I-N N ITSC-1

Hnh 2-1 S im tham chiu cho qun l cuc gi phn tn

Chng 2 Bo hiu v nh tuyn trong

Hnh 2-2 Cc kt ni v cc phn on cuc gi

Chng 2 Bo hiu v nh tuyn trong

gi UNI c mt LC kt hp vi n, phn on cuc gi mng con cho min 1 c 2 SNC

Hnh 2-3 Thit lp LC v SNC cho mt yu cu cuc gi

Chng 2 Bo hiu v nh tuyn trong

Thit lp mt LC c th c thay th. v d, i vi bo hiu ngi s dng

Hnh 2-4 Thit lp kt ni lin kt bng cch ch nh cc SNP

Chng 2 Bo hiu v nh tuyn trong

Hnh 2-5 To mt kt ni mng con SNC sau khi thit lp cc kt ni lin kt LC

Chng 2 Bo hiu v nh tuyn trong

Du hiu thit lp cuc gi

Hnh 2-6 Qu trnh yu cu thit lp cuc gi

Chng 2 Bo hiu v nh tuyn trong

Yu cu gii phng cuc gi

Du hiu gii phng cuc gi

ACC-1 TCC-1 ZCC-1

Chng 2 Bo hiu v nh tuyn trong

b cc kt ni. V d, khi ng qu trnh ARC hay TPmode/PortMode trc khi bt u

Hnh 2-8 To LC v SNC cho mt yu cu thit lp kt ni