WORKSHEET I (2011-2012-SPRING)

Course Title: MAT102E

Content: VECTORS AND MOTION IN SPACE
1. Express each vector as a product of its length and direction.
(a) 9i 2j + 6k

(b)

3
4
i+ k
5
5

2. Find the vectors whose lengths and directions are given.

6
2
3
i j+ k
7
7
7
(b) length: 7, direction: j
(a) length: 7, direction:

3. Find a vector of magnitude 3 in the direction opposite to the direction of

1
1
1
v = i j k.
2
2
2
4. For the following points, find
(i) the distance between points P1 and P2

(ii) the direction of P1 P2

(iii) the midpoint of the line segment P1 P2 .
(a) P1 (3, 4, 5), P2 (2, 3, 4)

(b) P1 (0, 0, 0), P2 (2, 2, 2)

5. If AB = i + 4j 2k and B is the point (5, 1, 3), find A.

6. If AB = 7i + 3j + 8k and A is the point (2, 3, 6), find B.

7. Find equation for the sphere with the center (0, 1, 5) and radius 2.
8. Find the center and radius of the sphere 3x2 + 3y 2 + 3z 2 + 2y 2z = 9.
9. Find a formula for the distance from the point P (x, y, z) to the
(a) yaxis

(b) xzplane
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10. For the following, find

(i) v u, |v| and |u|
(ii) the cosine of the angle between v and u
(iii) the scalar component of v in the direction of u
(iv) the vector projv u.
(a) v = 10i+11j 2k, u = 3j +4k

(b) v = 2i+10j 11k, u = 2i+2j +k

11. Write v as the sum of a vector parallel to u and a vector orthogonal to u for
the following.
(a) u = 3j + 4k, v = i + j

(b) u = 8i + 4j 12k, v = i + 2j k

12. Find the angles between the following vectors.

(b) u = i+ 2j 2k, v = i+j +k

(a) u = 2i+j, v = i+2j k

13. Find the length and direction of u v and v u for the following vectors.
(a) u = 2i 2j k, v = i k

(b) u = i j, v = j k

14. Sketch the coordinate axes and then include the vectors u, v and u v as
vectors starting at the origin.
(a) u = i k, v = j

(b) u = i k, v = j + k

15. For the following vectors

(i) Find the area of the triangle determined by the points P , Q and R.
(ii) Find a unit vector perpendicular to plane P QR.
(a) P (1, 1, 1), Q(2, 1, 3), R(3, 1, 1)

(b) P (2, 2, 0), Q(0, 1, 1), R(1, 2, 2)

16. Verify that (u v) w = (v w) u = (w u) v and find the volume of the

parallelepiped (box) determined by the following vectors u, v, and w.
(a) u = 2i, v = 2j, w = 2k

(b) u = ij+k, v = 2i+j2k, w = i+2jk

2

17. Let u = 5i j + k, v = j 5k, w = 15i + 3j 3k. Which vectors, if any,

are perpendicular and parallel? Give reasons for your answers.
18. Which of the following are always true, and which are not always true? Give
reasons for your answers.

(a) |u| = u u
(b) u u = |u|
(c) u 0 = 0 u = 0

(d) u (u) = 0

(e) u v = v u

(f) u (v + w) = u v + u w

(g) (u v) v = 0

(h) (u v) w = u (v w)

19. Which of the following are always true, and which are not always true? Give
reasons for your answers. (c is any number)
(a) u v = v u

(b) u v = (v u)

(c) (u) v = (u v)

(d) (cu) v = u (cv) = c(u v)

(e) u u = |u|2

(f) c(u v) = (cu) v = u (cv)

(g) (u u) u = 0

(h) (u v) u = v (u v)

20. Given nonzero vectors u, v, and w, use dot-product and cross-product notation, as appropriate, to describe the following.
(a) The vector projection of u onto v
(b) A vector orthogonal to u and v
(c) A vector orthogonal to u v and w
(d) The volume of the parallelepiped determined by u, v, and w
21. Given nonzero vectors u, v, and w, use dot-product and cross-product notation, as appropriate, to describe the following.
(a) A vector orthogonal to u v and u w
(b) A vector orthogonal to u + v and u v
(c) A vector of length |u| in the direction of v
(d) The area of the parallelogram determined by u and w
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22. Let u, v, and w be vectors. Which of the following make sense, and which
do not? Give reasons for your answers.
(a) (u v) w

(b) u (v w)

(c) u (v w)

(d) u (v w)

23. If u v = u w and u 6= 0, then does v = w? Give reasons for your answer.

24. If u 6= 0 and if u v = u w and u v = u w, then does v = w? Give
reasons for your answer.
25. Find the areas of the parallelograms whose vertices are given as follows.
(a) A(1, 0), B(0, 1), C(1, 0), D(0, 1)
(b) A(1, 2), B(2, 0), C(7, 1), D(4, 3)
26. Find the areas of the triangles whose vertices are given as follows.
(a) A(5, 3), B(1, 2), C(6, 1)

(b) A(6, 0), B(0, 5), C(2, 4)

27. Find vector and parametric equations for the following lines.
(a) The line through the point P (3, 4, 1) parallel to the vector i + j + k
(b) The line through the points P (1, 2, 1) and Q(1, 0, 1)
(c) The line through the origin parallel to the vector 2j + k
(d) The line through (3, 2, 1) parallel to the line x = 1 + 2t, y = 2 t,
z = 3t
(e) The line through the point P (1, 1, 1) parallel to the zaxis
(f) The line through (2, 4, 5) perpendicular to the plane 3x + 7y 5z = 21
(g) The line through (2, 3, 0) perpendicular to the vectors u = i + 2j + 3k
and v = 3i + 4j + 5k
28. Find parametrizations for the line segments joining the following points.
Draw coordinate axes and sketch each segment, indicating the direction of
increasing t for your parametrization.
(a) (1, 0, 0), (1, 1, 0)

(b) (1, 0, 1), (0, 3, 0)

4

29. Find equations for the following planes.

(a) The plane through the point P (0, 2, 1) normal to n = 3i 2j k
(b) The plane through (1, 1, 3) parallel to the plane 3x + y + z = 7
(c) The line through the points (1, 1, 1), (2, 0, 2), (0, 2, 1)
(d) The plane through (2, 4, 5) perpendicular to the line x = 5+t, y = 1+3t,
z = 4t
(e) The plane through the point P (1, 2, 1) perpendicular to the vector
from the origin to P
30. Find the point of intersection of the lines x = 2t + 1, y = 3t + 2, z = 4t + 3
and x = s + 2, y = 2s + 4, z = 4s 1, and then find the plane determined
by these lines.
31. Find a plane through P (2, 1, 1) and perpendicular to the line of intersection
of the planes 2x + y z = 3, x + 2y + z = 2.
32. Find a plane through the points P1 (1, 2, 3), P2 (3, 2, 1) and perpendicular to
the plane 4x y + 2z = 7.
33. Find the distance from the point to the given line.
(a) (2, 1, 3), x = 2 + 2t, y = 1 + 6t, z = 3
(b) (3, 1, 4), x = 4 t, y = 3 + 2t, z = 5 + 3t
34. Find the distance from the point to the given plane.
(a) (2, 3, 4), x + 2y + 2z = 13

(b) (0, 1, 1), 4y + 3z = 12

35. Find the distance from the plane x+2y+6z = 1 to the plane x+2y+6z = 10.
36. Find the distance from the line x = 2 + t, y = 1 + t, z = (1/2) (1/2)t to
the plane x + 2y + 6z = 10.
37. Find the acute angle between the planes 2x + 2y z = 3, x + 2y + z = 2.
38. Find the point in which the given line meets the given plane.
(a) x = 2, y = 3 + 2t, z = 2 2t; 6x + 3y 4z = 12
(b) x = 1 + 3t, y = 2, z = 5t; 2x 3z = 7
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39. Find the parametrizations for the lines in which the given planes intersect.
(a) 3x 6y 2z = 3, 2x + y 2z = 2

(b) 5x 2y = 11, 4y 5z = 17

40. Determine whether the following lines, taken two at a time, are parallel,
intersect or are skew. If they intersect, find the point of intersection.
L1 : x = 3 + 2t, y = 1 + 4t, z = 2 t, < t <
L2 : x = 1 + 4s, y = 1 + 2s, z = 3 + 4s, < s <
L3 : x = 3 + 2r, y = 2 + r, z = 2 + 2r, < r <
41. Find the points in which the line x = 1 + 2t, y = 1 t, z = 3t meets the
coordinate planes. Describe the reasoning behind your answer.
42. Is the line x = 12t, y = 2+5t, z = 3t parallel to the plane 2x+y z = 8?
Give reasons for your answer.
43. Find two different planes whose intersection is the line x = 1 + t, y = 2 t,
z = 3 + 2t. Write an equation for each plane in the form Ax + By + Cz = D.
44. Find a plane through the origin that meets the plane M : 2x + 3y + z = 12
in a right angle.
45. Show that the line in which the planes x + 2y 2z = 5 and 5x 2y z = 0
intersect is parallel to the line x = 3 + 2t, y = 3t, z = 1 + 4t.
46. The planes 3x + 6z = 1 and 2x + 2y z = 3 intersect in a line.
(a) Show that the planes are orthogonal.
(b) Find equations for the line of intersection.
47. Find an equation for the plane that passes through the point (1, 2, 3) parallel
to u = 2i + 3j + k and v = i j + 2k.
48. Find a vector parallel to the plane 2x y z = 4 and orthogonal to i + j + k.
49. Find the point in which the line through the origin perpendicular to the plane
2x y z = 4 meets the plane 3x 5y + 2z = 6.
50. Find the point in which the line through P (3, 2, 1) normal to the plane
2x y + 2z = 2 meets the plane.
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51. Sketch the following surfaces.

(a) z = y 2 + 1

(b) 9y 2 + z 2 = 16

(c) y = 2 x2 z 2

(d) z 2 + x2 (y 2)2 = 0

(e) 9x2 + 4y 2 + 2z 2 = 36

(f) x2 y 2 z 2 = 1

(g) x2 y 2 = z

(h) x = z 2 y 2

52. Let r(t) be the position of a particle in space at time t. Find the particles
velocity and acceleration vectors. Then find the particles speed and direction
of motion at the given value of t. Write the particles velocity at that time
as the product of its speed and direction.
(a) r(t) = (2 cos t)i + (3 sin t)j + 4tk, t = /2
(b) r(t) = (2 ln(t + 1))i + (t2 )j + (t2 /2)k, t = 1
53. Let r(t) be the position of a particle in space at time t. Find the angle
between the velocity and acceleration vectors at time t = 0.

(a) r(t) = (ln(t2 + 1))i + (tan1 t)j + ( t2 + 1)k

4
4
1
(b) r(t) = (1 + t)3/2 i + (1 t)3/2 j + tk
9
9
3
54. Let r(t) = (sin t)i + tj + (cos t)k. Find the time or times in the interval t 0
when the velocity and acceleration vectors are orthogonal.
55. Evaluate the following integrals.
(a)
(b)

Z /3
0

[(sec t tan t)i + (tan t)j + (2 sin t cos t)k] dt

Z 4
1
1

1
1
i+
j + k dt
t
5t
2t

56. Find parametric equations for the line that is tangent to the given curve at
the given parameter value t = t0 .
(a) r(t) = (sin t)i + (t2 cos t)j + et k, t0 = 0
(b) r(t) = (a sin t)i + (a cos t)j + btk, t0 = 2

57. At time t = 0, a particle is located at the point (1, 2, 3). It travels in a straight
line to the point (4, 1, 4), has speed 2 at (1, 2, 3) and constant acceleration
3i j + k. Find an equation for the position vector r(t) of the particle at
time t.
58. Show that the vector-valued function

1
1
1
1
1

r(t) = (2i + 2j + k) + (cos t)

i
j + (sin t)
i+
j+
k
2
2
3
3
3
describes the motion of a particle moving on the circle of radius 1 centered
at the point (2, 2, 1) and lying in the plane x + 2y 2z = 2.
59. Let v be a differentiable vector function of t. Show that if v (
t, then |v| is constant.

dv
) = 0 for all
dt

60. Find the following curves unit tangent vector. Also, find the length of the
indicated portion of the curve.
(a) r(t) = (cos3 t)j + (sin3 t)k, 0 t /2

2 2 3/2
(b) r(t) = (t cos t)i + (t sin t)j +
t k, 0 t
3