SPD Huawei ERAN3.0 Admission and Congestion Control Feature Introduction 20120529 A 1.0

Security Level: internal
Huawei eRAN3.0
Admission and Congestion
Control Feature
Introduction
www.huawei.com
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
Huawei Confidential
Admission and Congestion Control Features Roadmap
Basic admission control

based on power, RB
utilization and QoS
satisfaction ratio
Admission threshold per

QCI
Pre-emption based on
user number
Min-GBR configuration for

non-GBR service per QCI
S1 transmission resource
check
Pre-emption
Independent HO
threshold
Differentiation Admission
Control
Redirection due to
admission failure
Overload Control
eRAN 1.0
(2009Q2)
eRAN 2.x
(2011Q2)
eRAN 3.0
(2012Q2)
Huawei Confidential
Page 2
Content
Admission Control
Overload Control
Parameter Introduction
Algorithm Relationship
Application Scenario
Performance Statistic & Maintenance
Huawei Confidential
Page 3
Admission Overview
Accept/Reject based
on QoS satisfaction
ratio for given QCI
QoS Satisfaction
Ratio Table
Request types
New
request
Re-establish
request
Resource
Allocation
QCI look up, RB

utilization / Power
check
Accept/
Reject
Guarantee Quality of Service (QoS)

of existing connections in the
system
Maximize the resource utilization
Resource Check
Admission
Control
HO
request
Objective
Benefits
Reduce the risk of cell instability
Achieve an optimal tradeoff between
maximizing resource utilization and
ensuring QoS
located
New calls
eNodeB
eNodeB
X2
UE
UE
LTE
UE
Huawei Confidential
Page 4
Admission Control Strategy

SRB request
Emergency
call
New service request

HO request
(higher priority)
Resource Allocation
& Check
Resource Allocation
& Check
Stage 1: Resource
availability
QoS Satisfaction
Ratio Check
Admission
Result
Stage 2: UL/DL
admission check
Huawei two stage admission control strategy

Stage 1: Resource Allocation & Check (HW,TNL, Overload indicator, downlink
power)
Stage 2: QoS Satisfaction Ratio-based admission check (both uplink and
downlink GBR)
Different types of service requests handling

Lower threshold provided for HO request, comparing with new service request;
Admission thresholds (not applicable to HO request) configured per user priority
(Gold / Silver / Bronze levels mapping from ARP).
Huawei Confidential
Page 5
Admission Flow Chart (1/2)

New or HO
Service request
UE capability check based on GBR ,

considering Maximum number of bits
of an UL/DL-SCH transport block
transmitted within a TTI
UE capability meets
the requirements?
No
Reject
Yes
The following resources will be

checked:
1. Transport (S1) resources;
2. HW limit: CPU processing,
maximum users per cell;
3. System overload indicator (via
load control)
4.PUCCH Resource
5. Downlink Power.
Resource limited?
No
Emergency call (e.g.
911)?
No
Yes
DL Admission
Yes
Accept?
Yes
UL Admission
No
If system is overloaded, no
service (except SRB and
emergency call) can be admitted.
Preemption
No
Accept?
Yes
Successful?
Yes
No
Reject /
Redirection
Huawei Confidential
Admitted
Page 6
See next
slide
Admission Flow Chart (2/2)

New /HO service request
checking RB utilization
of GBR services
Reserve resource for nonGBR services:

State the resource consumed
by GBR services, if it is higher
than the limit threshold, GBR
services should execute
preemption among GBR
services rather than continue
to utilize the remained
resource reserved for NonGBR services
No
GBR service QoS Satisfaction ratio
evaluation
Yes
RB utilization is below
threshold and not powerlimit?
Num of Non-GBR bearers
Admit based on the QoS

satisfaction ratio threshold or
num of Non-GBR bearers
No
No
Yes
Yes
Admit
premption
Yes
To reduce the
unnecessary non-GBR
services of one user are
admitted into the system
when the users AMBR
limitation is reached
No
Kick off low priority service so

as to let high priority service
be admitted
Reject/redirect
DRB admission failure will

trigger preemption process.
Released users will be

allocated with different
frequency through RRC signal.
Signal, IMS, urgent call cant

be preempted.
Need to release enough low
priority in-system services so
as to satisfy the GBR or minGBR of new service with high
priority.
Huawei Confidential
Page 7
Unsuccessfully preempted
users except HO users, and
preempted users, can be
redirected.
Checking RB utilization of GBR services
Objective
Guarantee that GBR services will not exhaust all of the cell resource and Non-GBR services will not be
subjected to severe starvation.
Benefits
Can reduce the risk that Non-GBR services are subjected to severe starvation
Functionalities
Principle
Stat the resource consumed by GBR services, if it is higher than the limit threshold, GBR services should
execute preemption among GBR services rather than continue to utilize the remained resource reserved for
Non-GBR services.
trigger
The function can be switched on\off.

If switched on, each GBR data radio bearer setup request arrives, this checking action will be executed.
Key parameter
GbrUsedRbCheckSwitch: the switch of function
GbrSerHighProportion::threshhold represents that GBR services RB utilization ratio is high
GbrSerLowProportion: threshhold represents that GBR services RB utilization ratio is low
Huawei Confidential
Page 8
Preemption
Objective
Guarantee that Services with high priority can still access a congested network.
Benefits
Produce the diversity for service-access.
Functionalities
Principle
DRB admission failure will trigger preemption process.
Signal, IMS, urgent call cant be preempted.
Need to release enough low priority in-system services so as to satisfy the GBR of new service with high
priority.
trigger
Preemption can be switched on/off.

If switched on, when fail to admitted, this function will be executed
Key parameter
PreemptionSwitch: the switch of function
PreemptionArpThd: ARP threshold which means that all services with lower ARP than the threshold may be
preempted.
UnPreemptedServSet: represents which QCIs services cant be preempted
Huawei Confidential
Page 9
Redirection
Objective
Guarantee that released users can access network from other frequency when services are requested
once again.
Benefits
Can reduce the risk that current cell becomes overload again.
Functionalities
Principle
Released users will be allocated with different frequency through RRC signal.
Unsuccessfully preempted users except HO users, and preempted users, can be redirected.
Trigger
Redirection can be switched on\off.
Key parameters
RedirecAlgoSwitch: the switch of function
Huawei Confidential
Page 10
QoS Satisfaction Ratio based Admission Decision

Provide independent threshold for HO request, per QCI.
Provide different thresholds based on user priority (Gold / Silver / Bronze

levels mapping from ARP) for new service request, per QCI.
Satisfaction Ratio
100%
ThrBronze
Offset Bronze
ThrSilver
Offset Silver
ThrGold
Offset Gold
ThrHO
QcixHoThd
Time
ThrHO ThrGold ThrSilver
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.
HUAWEI Confidential
ThrBronze
Page 11
DL QoS Satisfaction Ratio Check

QoS satisfaction ratio is evaluated based on the QoS Class Identifier (QCI) for
the call to be admitted.
QCI
Service Type
Evaluation Standard
Conversational
Meet the Guaranteed bit rate
Conversational Video (Live

Streaming)
Real Time Gaming
Non-Conversational Video
(Buffered Streaming)
Each QCI has its corresponding QoS satisfaction criteria.

Non-GBR service neednt to be checked.
Emergency call neednt to be checked.
Mapping between QCI and evaluation standard for downlink services is

provided in default.
HUAWEI Confidential
Page 12
UL QoS Satisfaction Ratio Check

QoS satisfaction ratio check in the uplink:
QoS satisfaction ratio is evaluated based on the Logical Channel Group (LCG) for the call to
be admitted.
Logical Channel Group
Evaluation Standard
Each LCG has its corresponding QoS satisfaction criteria.

Mapping between LCG and evaluation standard for uplink services is provided in default.
The nine QCIs are mapped to the four logical channel groups:
Logical Channel Group
QCI
QCI=5 and SRB

bearer
QCI=1
VoIP service
QCI=24
GBR service
Service Type
Control-plane transmission and IMS
signaling
HUAWEI Confidential
Page 13
Content
Admission Control
Overload Control
Huawei Confidential
Page 14
Overload Control Overview
Objective
Guarantee services QoS in the system on cell level
Benefits
Prevent system from being unstable due to overload and improve system
stability
Guarantee the QoS in the system by effectively alleviate the system overload
Functionalities
Triggered when an overload situation occurs and based on RB Utilization and
QoS Satisfaction Ratio
Overload Control actions
GBR Downgrading
Service Release / Redirection
Huawei Confidential
Page 15
Overload Control Procedure

QoS satisfaction cannot be met
and RB usage high / DL Tx power
limited
Overload Triggered
These two actions are
optional to Operators.
Only if redirect/release is enabled
Service Release /
Redirection
If no connection can be redirected/released
Priority-based GBR
Downgrading
Proportion reducing GBR of GBR
services according to priority
Two actions to alleviate the

system load effectively
HUAWEI Confidential
Page 16
Priority-based GBR Downgrading
Objective
Guarantee that GBR services with different priority are downgraded with different percent when
network becomes congested.
Benefits
GBR service with different priority can be downgraded with different percent.
Functionalities
Principle
Set different downgrading percent for golden/silver/bronze services respectively. Then

golden/silver/bronze services can be downgraded according to preset percent.
trigger
If service release switch off, the function will be executed
If service release switch on but without enough services to be released to reduce load, the
function will be executed.
Key parameter
GoldGbrCongProportion: the downgrading proportion for gold GBR bearers.
SilverGbrCongProportion: the downgrading proportion for silver GBR bearers.
CopperGbrCongProportion: the downgrading proportion for copper GBR bearers.
Huawei Confidential
Page 17
Content
Admission Control
Overload Control
Huawei Confidential
Page 18
Key Parameters (1)

Id
Name
Description
Range
Recommended
MML
Value
MOD
PreemptionSwitch
DlSwitch:Off
UlSwitch:Off
GbrUsageSwitch:Off
DlLdcSwitch:Off
UlLdcSwitch:Off
RelDrbSwitch:Off
PreemptionSwitch:Off
Indicates the Allocation and Retention Priority

(ARP) threshold for the Golden-level services.
A service is defined as a Golden-level service
if its ARP value is smaller than this threshold.
GUI value range: 1~15
MOD
Indicates the Allocation and Retention Priority

(ARP) threshold for the Silver-level services. A
service is defined as a Silver-level service if its
ARP value is smaller than or equal to the value
of this parameter and is larger than the value
of GoldServiceArpThd.
Indicates the admission threshold for the

handed-over service with QCI of 1. This
threshold applies to both UL and DL.
If the satisfaction rate of services with QCI of 1
is above or equal to this threshold, the
handed-over service with QCI of 1 can be
admitted.
If the satisfaction rate of services with QCI of 1
is below this threshold, the handed-over
service with QCI of 1 cannot be admitted.
RacAlgoS
RAC
Indicates the switches used to enable or
DlSwitch, UlSwitch,
witch
algorithm
disable the admission and load control
GbrUsageSwitch,
switch
algorithms.
DlLdcSwitch, UlLdcSwitch,
RelDrbSwitch,
GoldServic
Gold
eArpThd
service arp
threshold
SilverServi
ceArpThd
Qci1HoThd
Silver
service arp
threshold
QCI1
handover
admission
threshold
CELLALGO
SWITCH
CELLRACT
HD
10
MOD
CELLRACT
HD
HUAWEI Confidential
90
MOD
CELLRACT
HD
Page 19
Key Parameters (2)

Id
Name
Description
Range
Recommended
MML
Value
Qci2HoThd
90
QCI2 handover
Indicates the admission threshold for the handed-over service
GUI value
MOD
admission
with QCI of 2. This threshold applies to both UL and DL.
range:
CELLALGOS
threshold
If the satisfaction rate of services with QCI of 2 is above or
10~99
WITCH
equal to this threshold, the handed-over service with QCI of 2

can be admitted.
If the satisfaction rate of services with QCI of 2 is below this
threshold, the handed-over service with QCI of 2 cannot be
admitted.
Qci3HoThd
QCI3 handover
admission
threshold
Qci4HoThd
QCI4 handover
admission
threshold

can be admitted.
admitted.
GUI value

can be admitted.
admitted.
GUI value
range:
10~99
HUAWEI Confidential
90
MOD
range:
CELLRACTH
10~99
90
MOD
CELLRACTH
D
Page 20
Key Parameters (3)

Id
Name
Description
Range
Recommen
MML
ded Value
5
NewGold
Gold new
Indicates the offset for admission of new Gold-level services. The
GUI
MOD
ServiceOf
service
value of this parameter applies in both UL and DL. New Gold-level
value
CELLALGOS
fset
admission
services and handed-over services with QCI N can be admitted if both
range:
WITCH
threshold
the following conditions are met: (1) The satisfaction rate of services
0~90
offset
with QCI N is higher than or equal to the sum of this offset and the
admission threshold for the handed-over services with QCI N; (2) The
satisfaction rate of services with any other QCI is higher than the
corresponding admission threshold for the handed-over services with
that QCI. If the satisfaction rate of services with any QCI is lower than
its corresponding admission threshold for handed-over services with
that QCI, the new services cannot be admitted.
NewSilver
Silver new
ServiceOf
service
fset
admission
threshold
Indicates the admission threshold for the handed-over service with

QCI of 3. This threshold applies to both UL and DL.
If the satisfaction rate of services with QCI of 3 is above or equal to
this threshold, the handed-over service with QCI of 3 can be admitted.
If the satisfaction rate of services with QCI of 3 is below this threshold,
the handed-over service with QCI of 3 cannot be admitted.
offset
HUAWEI Confidential
Page 21
GUI
MOD
value
CELLRACTH
range:
10~99
Key Parameters (4)

Id
Name
Description
Range
Recommen
MML
ded Value
NewCopp
erService
Offset
Qci1Cong
Thd
Qci2Cong
Thd
Bronze new
service
admission
threshold
offset
Indicates the offset for admission of new Bronze-level services. The

value of this parameter applies in both UL and DL. New Bronze-level
services and handed-over services with QCI N can be admitted if both
the following conditions are met: (1) The satisfaction rate of services
with QCI N is higher than or equal to the sum of this offset and the
admission threshold for the handed-over services with QCI N; (2) The
satisfaction rate of services with any other QCI is higher than the
corresponding admission threshold for the handed-over services with
that QCI. If the satisfaction rate of services with any QCI is lower than
its corresponding admission threshold for handed-over services with
that QCI, the new services cannot be admitted.
GUI
value
range:
10~99
QCI1 congest
threshold
Indicates the congestion threshold for services with QCI of 1. This

If the satisfaction rate of services with QCI of 1 in the cell becomes
lower than this threshold, the services with QCI of 1 enter the
congested state.
higher than the sum of this threshold and the congestion relief offset,
the services with QCI of 1 leave the congested state.
GUI
value
range:
10~99
65

congested state.
GUI
value
range:
10~99
65
QCI2 congest
threshold
HUAWEI Confidential
Page 22
MOD
CELLRACTH
D
MOD
CELLRACTH
D
MOD
CELLRACTH
D
Key Parameters (5)

Id
Name
Description
Range
Recommen
MML
ded Value
Qci3Cong
Thd
Qci4Cong
Thd
GoldGbrC
ongPropo
rtion
SilverGbr
CongProp
ortion
QCI3 congest
threshold

If the satisfaction rate of services with QCI of 3 the cell becomes
congested state.
GUI
value
range:
10~99
65

congested state.
GUI
value
range:
10~99
65
Gold-level GBR
service
congest
scheduler
proportion
Indicates the rate reduction proportion for Gold-level GBR services.

When congestion occurs, the rate that the scheduling algorithm
provides for Gold-level GBR services (except VoIP services) is the
product of GBR and this proportion.
GUI
value
range:
1~100
90
Silver-level
GBR service
congest
scheduler
proportion
Indicates the rate reduction proportion for Silver-level GBR services.

provides for Silver-level GBR services (except VoIP services) is the
product of the GBR and this proportion.
GUI
value
range:
1~100
90
QCI4 congest
threshold
HUAWEI Confidential
Page 23
MOD
CELLRACTH
D
MOD
CELLRACTH
D
MOD
CELLRACTH
D
MOD
CELLRACTH
D
Key Parameters (6)

Id
Name
Description
Range
Recommen
MML
ded Value
CopperGb
rCongPro
portion
GbrRbUs
edHighTh
d
GbrRbUs
edLowTh
d
LdcMeaAr
pThd
Bronze-level
GBR service
congest
scheduler
proportion
Indicates the rate reduction proportion for Bronze-level GBR services.

provides for Bronze-level GBR services (except VoIP services) is the
product of GBR and this proportion.
GUI
value
range:
1~100
90
GBR used
resource high
proportion
threshold
Indicates the threshold for high PRB usage by GBR services. The
value of this parameter is expressed in percentage and applies to
both UL and DL. If the MAC layer detects that the PRB usage by GBR
services exceeds the threshold, the usage is high. In this situation,
new GBR services are not admitted if GbrUsageSwitch under the
RacAlgoSwitch parameter is turned on.
GUI
value
range:
1~100
95
GBR used
resource low
proportion
threshold
Indicates the threshold for low PRB usage by GBR services. The
value of this parameter is expressed in percentage and applies to
both UL and DL. If the MAC layer detects that the PRB usage by GBR
services falls below the threshold, the usage is considered to be low.
GUI
value
range:
1~100
90
ARP threshold
Indicates the Allocation and Retention Priority (ARP) threshold for

low Energy Efficiency Ratio (EER) services. If the ARP value of a
service is less than the value of this parameter, the service will not be
released for congestion control.
In this version, this parameter still supports setting synchronization
between the M2000 and the eNodeB, but is no longer used internally.
Avoid using this parameter as it will be removed from later versions
GUI
value
range:
1~100
10
HUAWEI Confidential
Page 24
MOD
CELLRACTH
D
MOD
CELLRACTH
D
MOD
CELLRACTH
D
MOD
CELLRACTH
D
Key Parameters (7)

Id
Name
Description
Range
Recommen
MML
ded Value
CongRelO
ffset
Offset for
service
congest
relieving
Indicates the congestion release offset. The service of a specific QCI

exits the congestion state if the satisfaction rate of the service
exceeds the sum of this congestion release offset and the congestion
threshold for the QCI. The service retains the congestion state if the
satisfaction rate is below the sum of this congestion release offset
and the congestion threshold for the QCI.
GUI
value
range:
1~100
20
Preemptio
nArpThd
Preemption
ARP
threshold
Indicates the Allocation and Retention Priority (ARP) threshold for

preemption. The services that have ARP values larger than or equal
to the value of this parameter are preemptible.
In this version, this parameter still supports setting synchronization
between the M2000 and the eNodeB, but is no longer used internally.
Avoid using this parameter as it will be removed from later versions.
GUI
value
range:
1~15
UlRbHigh
Thd
Uplink RB
used ratio
high
threshold
Indicates the threshold for deciding on whether the UL RB usage is

high. This threshold applies to UL admission decision. If the UL RB
usage reported by the MAC layer is above this threshold, the UL RB
usage is assumed to be high.
GUI
value
range:
1~100
95
DlRbHigh
Thd
Downlink RB
used ratio
high
threshold
IIndicates the threshold for deciding on whether the DL resource

block (RB) usage is high. This threshold applies to DL admission
decision. If the usage of the DL RB reported by the MAC layer is
above this threshold, the DL RB usage is assumed to be high.
GUI
value
range:
1~100
95
MaxNonG
brBearerN
um
Non-GBR
max bearer
number
Indicates the maximum number of non-GBR services (excluding IP

Multimedia Subsystem [IMS] services) that can be provided by a cell.
The value of this parameter is applied to both UL and DL.
GUI
value
range:
0~9000
HUAWEI Confidential
Page 25
MOD
CELLRACTHD
MOD
CELLRACTHD
MOD
CELLRACTHD
MOD
CELLRACTHD
OD
CELLRACTHD
Content
Admission Control
Overload Control
Huawei Confidential
Page 26
AC depends on load monitor and congestion control, and it also relates with other physical
resource assignment such as PUCCH resource assignment and downlink power assignment
and transport resource management and hardware resource assignment.
Congestion control is related with load monitor.
HUAWEI Confidential
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Page 27
Content
Admission Control
Overload Control
Huawei Confidential
Page 28
AC and congestion control application includes non-sharing and sharing.
In non-ran sharing scenario:
When cell load is high and PRB usage is high, it will execute AC for new RRC setup request.
Otherwise, it is to close the switcher in default. For HO service, it will always execute AC.
In ran sharing scenario:
It will always open AC and congestion control algorithm switch. Every operator will set individual AC
Threshold and execute the AC algorithm and congestion control.
HUAWEI Confidential
Page 29
Content
Admission Control
Overload Control
Huawei Confidential
Page 30

Counter name
Counter Description
RRC Connection Setup

Measurement
An RRC connection is a Uu interface connection for carrying user signaling messages. The setup success
rate of the RRC connection in a cell directly represents the capability of the cell to provide RRC connection
setups for users. The RRC.Setup.Cell measurement unit measures the number of RRC connection setup
requests, number of RRC connection setup attempts, and number of successful RRC connection setups in a
cell. The setup success rate of the RRC connection can be calculated on the basis of the reported counters.
Number of RRC connection

reestablishment requests
The counters measure the number of RRC connection reestablishment requests for different causes in a cell.
The RRC Connection Reestablishment Request message is an RRC signaling message sent by the UE. The
message is used to recover the RRC signaling connection.
E-RAB Setup Measurement
An E-RAB is the access layer bearer for carrying service data of users. The E-RAB setup success rate in a
cell directly represents the capability of the cell to provide E-RAB connection setups for users. The ERAB.Est.Cell measurement unit measures the number of E-RAB setup attempts and the number of
successful E-RAB setups for each service with a different QoS Class Identifier (QCI) in a cell. The number of
E-RABs is used as the unit. The setup of one E-RAB is measured as one time.
E-RAB Release
Measurement (Cell)
An E-RAB is the access layer bearer for carrying service data of users. The E-RAB release is a process of
releasing the access layer bearer resources of users. It represents the capability of a cell to release access
layer bearer resources for users. The E-RAB.Rel.Cell measurement unit measures the number of normal ERAB releases and the number of abnormal E-RAB releases for each service with a different QCI in a cell.
The number of E-RABs is used as the unit. The release of one E-RAB is measured as one time.
Huawei Confidential
Thank You
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HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Admission and Congestion Control Features Roadmap

Basic admission control

Admission threshold per

Min-GBR configuration for

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Performance Statistic & Maintenance

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

QCI look up, RB

Guarantee Quality of Service (QoS)

Maximize the resource utilization

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Admission Control Strategy

New service request

Huawei two stage admission control strategy

Different types of service requests handling

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Admission Flow Chart (1/2)

UE capability check based on GBR ,

The following resources will be

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Admission Flow Chart (2/2)

Reserve resource for nonGBR services:

Num of Non-GBR bearers

Admit based on the QoS

Kick off low priority service so

DRB admission failure will

Released users will be

Signal, IMS, urgent call cant

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Checking RB utilization of GBR services

The function can be switched on\off.

GbrUsedRbCheckSwitch: the switch of function

GbrSerHighProportion::threshhold represents that GBR services RB utilization ratio is high

GbrSerLowProportion: threshhold represents that GBR services RB utilization ratio is low

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

DRB admission failure will trigger preemption process.

Signal, IMS, urgent call cant be preempted.

Preemption can be switched on/off.

PreemptionSwitch: the switch of function

UnPreemptedServSet: represents which QCIs services cant be preempted

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Redirection can be switched on\off.

RedirecAlgoSwitch: the switch of function

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QoS Satisfaction Ratio based Admission Decision

Provide different thresholds based on user priority (Gold / Silver / Bronze

ThrHO ThrGold ThrSilver

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DL QoS Satisfaction Ratio Check

Meet the Guaranteed bit rate

Conversational Video (Live

Meet the Guaranteed bit rate

Real Time Gaming

Meet the Guaranteed bit rate

Meet the Guaranteed bit rate

Each QCI has its corresponding QoS satisfaction criteria.

Mapping between QCI and evaluation standard for downlink services is

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.

UL QoS Satisfaction Ratio Check

Meet the Guaranteed bit rate

Meet the Guaranteed bit rate