Application of the CA3028 and Integrated-Circuit

RF Amplifiers in the HF and VHF Ranges

Application Note

Introduction
The CA3028A and CA3028B integrated circuits are singlestage differential amplifiers. Each circuit also contains a
constant-current transistor and suitable biasing resistors. The
circuits are primarily intended for service in communications
systems operating at frequencies up to 100MHz with single
power supplies. This Note provides technical data and recommended circuits for use of the CA3028A and CA3028B in the
following applications:
RF Amplifier
Autodyne Converterw
IF Amplifier
Limiter
In addition to the applications listed above, the CA3028A and
CA3028B are suitable for use in a wide range of applications in
DC, audio, and pulse amplifier service; they have been used as
sense amplifiers, preamplifiers for low-level transducers, and
DC differential amplifiers. The CA3028B, which features tight
control of operating current, input offset voltage, and input bias
and offset current, is recommended for those applications in
which balance and operating conditions are important.

May 1998

AN5337.1

Q2 in Figure 2A, is then connected to the first through a low-valued DC impedance. In Figure 2A, the inductive winding of the
input transformer provides the low-resistance path. An RF
choke or low-valued resistor may be used in place of transformer coupling, but caution must be exercised because even
as little as 100 may cause serious unbalance in some applications. A single-ended output may be taken from terminal 6 or
terminal 8, or push-pull outputs from terminals 6 and 8. In
systems with a single power supply of up to 12V, terminal 7 is
connected to the highest positive potential for maximum gain.
Other operating points can be selected by application of a
varying bias voltage (AGC) to Q3 .
The circuit diagrams in Figure 2 illustrate the flexibility of the
CA3028A and CA3028B. Terminal connections are shown for a
differential amplifier driven from a controlled constant-current
source that has AGC capability, a cascode amplifier with constant-impedance or conventional AGC capability, a converter, a
mixer, and an oscillator. The cascode mode of operation is recommended for applications that require higher gain. The
differential mode is preferred when good limiting is required.
6

Q1

Circuit Description

Q2

The circuit diagram and terminal numbers for the CA3028A and
CA3028B are shown in Figure 1. The circuit is basically a single-stage differential amplifier composed of transistors Q1 and
Q2 driven from a constant-current source Q3. A single-ended
input may be connected to terminal 1 or terminal 5, or push-pull
inputs to terminals 1 and 5. Each of these terminals must be
provided with a biasing network. Care must be taken to insure
that the bias voltages on terminals 1 and 5 are nearly equal
when balanced operation is desired. This can only be achieved
in practice by using a single voltage divider as shown in Figure
2A. Bias is first established on the base of one transistor, in this
case Q1, through terminal 1. The base of the second transistor,

R1

5k

Q3
2
4

2.8k

R2

500

R3

FIGURE 1. SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM AND TERMINAL NUMBERS

FOR THE CA3028A, CA3028B
+VCC

+ VCC

8
8

AGC

EREF

CA3028A

+VCC

CA3028B

1
IN
5
R

CA3028A
OR
CA3028B

2R

OR
6

+VCC

IN

7
+ VCC
+ VCC

FIGURE 2A.

FIGURE 2B.

1-888-INTERSIL or 321-724-7143 | Copyright

Intersil Corporation 1999

Application Note 5337

+VCC
8

IF OUT

1
RFC

+VCC

R
5

2R

CA3028A
OR

CA3028A
OR

VCC OR AGC

6
OSC
FREQ.

CA3028B

CA3028B

2R

+VCC

2
RF
IN

+VCC

2
IN

+VCC
3

4
CF

FIGURE 2C.

+VCC

FIGURE 2D.

+VCC

2R
+VCC

2R
8

+VCC

RF
IN

5
5

CA3028A

IF
OUT

OR
+VCC

1
+VCC

CA3028B

RFC

CA3028A
OR

CA3028B

OUT

2
+VCC

OSC
3

6
3
CF

FIGURE 2E.

FIGURE 2F.

FIGURE 2. CONNECTIONS FOR THE CA3028A AND CA3028B FOR USE AS (A) A BALANCED DIFFERENTIAL AMPLIFIER WITH A CONTROLLED CONSTANT-CURRENT-SOURCE DRIVE AND AGC CAPABILITY; (B) A CASCODE AMPLIFIER WITH A CONSTANTIMPEDANCE AGC CAPABILITY; (C) A CASCODE AMPLIFIER WITH CONVENTIONAL AGC CAPABILITY; (D) A CONVERTER;
(E) A MIXER; (F) AN OSCILLATOR

Application Note 5337

Operating Modes
The CA3028A and CA3028B integrated-circuit RF amplifiers
can be operated in either the differential mode or the cascode
mode. Applications using the differential mode are
distinguished by high input impedance, good gain-control
characteristics, large input-signal-handling capability, and
good limiting.

40

0.4

COLLECTOR CURRENT OF EACH

TRANSISTOR 2.2mA
y12 g12 + jb12

30

SUSCEPTANCE (b21) OR
CONDUCTANCE (g21) (mS)

SUSCEPTANCE (b12) OR
CONDUCTANCE (g12) (mS)

For ease of design of systems using the CA3028A and

CA3028B, admittance or y parameters are shown in Figure 3
for the differential mode and in Figure 4 for the cascode mode.
It should be noted that the y parameters of the more complex
differential and cascode amplifier stages differ from those of
simple common-emitter transistor stages.

0.3
-b12
0.2
g12
0.1

-g21
COLLECTOR CURRENT OF
20

10

20

0.4

0.3

b22
g22

0.2

0.5
0.1

SUSCEPTANCE (b11) OR

1.5

CONDUCTANCE (g11) (mS)

0.5

2.5

CONDUCTANCE (g22) (mS)

COLLECTOR CURRENT OF EACH

TRANSISTOR 2.2mA
y22 g22 + jb22

6 8 10
FREQUENCY (MHz)

6 8 10
FREQUENCY (MHz)

100

COLLECTOR CURRENT OF
EACH TRANSISTOR 2.2mA
y11 g11 + jb11

1.5

b11

g11

0.5

FIGURE 3B. FORWARD TRANSADMITTANCE (Y21)

0.6

30 40
60 80 100
FREQUENCY (MHz)

FIGURE 3A. REVERSE TRANSADMITTANCE (Y12)

SUSCEPTANCE (b22) (mS)

b21

-10

0
10

EACH TRANSISTOR 2.2mA

y21 g21 + jb21

0
1

100

6 8 10
FREQUENCY (MHz)

100

FIGURE 3D. INPUT ADMITTANCE (Y11)

FIGURE 3C. OUTPUT ADMITTANCE (Y22)

FIGURE 3. Y PARAMETERS OF THE CA3028A AND CA3028B IN THE DIFFERENTIAL-AMPLIFIER CONNECTION

b11
2
g11

40

STAGE COLLECTOR CURRENT 4.5mA

y22 g22 + jb22

20

2.0
0
g22

1.5

-20
-40

1.0
-60
0.5

-80
b22

-100

0
1

8 10

FREQUENCY (MHz)

FIGURE 4A. INPUT ADMITTANCE (Y11)

100

8 10

FREQUENCY (MHz)

FIGURE 4B. OUTPUT ADMITTANCE (Y22)

100

-120

CONDUCTANCE (g22) (S)

2.5

STAGE COLLECTOR CURRENT 4.5mA

y11 g11 + jb11
SUSCEPTANCE (b22) (mS)

SUSCEPTANCE (b11) OR
CONDUCTANCE (g11) (mS)

Application Note 5337

20

STAGE COLLECTOR CURRENT 4.5mA

y12 g12 + jb12
SUSCEPTANCE (b12) OR

0.20

0.15
g12
0.10
-b12
0.05

CONDUCTANCE (g12) (S)

SUSCEPTANCE (b12) OR

CONDUCTANCE (g12) (S)

0.25

STAGE COLLECTOR
CURRENT 4.5mA
y12 g12 + jb12
15

10
g12

5
-b12

10

10

20
40
FREQUENCY (MHz)

FREQUENCY (MHz)

FIGURE 4C. REVERSE TRANSADMITTANCE (Y12)

60

80

100

FIGURE 4D. REVERSE TRANSADMITTANCE (Y12)

SUSCEPTANCE (b21) OR

CONDUCTANCE (g21) (mS)

100
STAGE COLLECTOR
CURRENT 4.5mA
y21 g21 + jb21

80

g21
60

-b21

40

20

8 10

100

FREQUENCY (MHz)

FIGURE 4E. FORWARD TRANSADMITTANCE (Y21)

FIGURE 4. Y PARAMETERS OF THE CA3028A AND CA3028B IN THE CASCODE CONNECTION

amplifiers. Circuit layout is of paramount importance in both

modes because undesirable coupling admittances can be
much greater than the CA3028A or CA3028B admittances.
Attention to layout and shielding is imperative if proper advantage is to be taken of the low feedback of the CA3028A and
CA3028B.

For quick reference, values for input and output parallel RC networks and transconductance values are listed in Table 1 for the
differential amplifier and in Table 2 for the cascode amplifier.
Although the reverse transfer admittance y12 of the CA3028A
or CA3028B is low for either cascode or differential operation,
circuit-layout-induced instability can occur in high-gain

TABLE 1. CASCODE AMPLIFIER SUMMARY

INPUT PARALLEL
RC NETWORK

OUTPUT PARALLEL
RC NETWORK

TRANSCONDUCTANCE

FREQUENCY
(MHz)

RIN ()

CIN (pF)

ROUT ()

COUT (pF)

gm (mS)

10.7

900

22

-1.67 x 106

3.1

100

6.3

-5 x 105

3.5

14

100

170

TABLE 2. MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE LOAD RESISTANCES FOR NO SATURATION

VCC
(V)

IC1 + IC2
(mA)

MAXIMUM TUNED LOAD

(RL = 2VCC /(IC1 + IC2)) ()

MAXIMUM RESISTIVE LOAD

() (VCC /(IC1 + IC2))

+9

5.0

3.6K

1.8K

+12

6.8

3.5K

1.7K

Application Note 5337

Differential Amplifier
The differential amplifier shown in Figure 2A is designed for
operation at 10.7MHz and 100MHz. Because the amplifier
consists essentially of a common-collector stage driving a common-base stage, the input admittance y11 , the output admittance y22 , and the forward transfer admittance y22 are
decreased by a factor of two. The reverse transfer admittance
y12 is typically 140 times lower than that of a single commonemitter transistor at 10.7MHz, and 10 times lower at 100MHz.
As a result, the CA3028A and CA3028B can be aligned easily
in IF strips without need for neutralization.
The transfer characteristic in Figure 5A shows the excellent
limiting capabilities of the CA3028A and CA3028B differential

amplifiers. This limiting performance is achieved because the

constant-current transistor Q3 limits the circuit operating current
so that the collectors of the differential-pair transistors Q1 and
Q2 do not saturate. Table 3 shows the maximum permissible
load resistances for non-saturating operation when single
supply voltages of 9V and 12V are used.
When linear operation over a wide input-voltage range is imperative, AGC voltage may be applied to the constant-current
source Q3 at terminal 7. Gain-control capabilities are 60dB at
10.7MHz and 46dB at 100MHz, as shown in Figure 5B. Figure
5C shows curves of power gain and noise figure as a function
of AGC voltage. The combination of an optimum noise figure of
5.5dB and a power gain of 15dB at 100MHz makes this circuit
suitable for use as an RF amplifier in the commercial FM band.
40

VCC = +9V

VCC = +12

30
POWER GAIN (dB)

OUTPUT VOLTAGE (VO)

2.5
2
VCC = +9V
1.5

1
DIFFERENTIAL-AMPLIFIER CONFIGURATION
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (TA) = 25oC
FREQUENCY (f) = 10.7MHz

0.5

20

FREQUENCY = 10.7MHz

10

FREQUENCY = 105MHz

0
-10
-20
-30

0.02

0.04

0.06
0.08
0.1
INPUT VOLTAGE (VIN)

0.12

0.14

4
6
2
DC BIAS VOLTAGE ON TERMINAL 7 (V)

FIGURE 5A.

FIGURE 5B.
20

NOISE FIGURE OR POWER GAIN (dB)

POWER GAIN

FREQUENCY = 100MHz
VCC = +9V

16

12

NOISE FIGURE

0
9

8
7
6
5
4
3
POSITIVE DC BIAS VOLTAGE ON TERMINAL 7 (V)

FIGURE 5C.
FIGURE 5. CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CA3028A AND CA3028B IN THE DIFFERENTIAL-AMPLIFIER CONNECTION: 5A - 10.7MHz TRANSFER CHARACTERISTICS; 5B - AGC CAPABILITIES; 5C - POWER GAIN AS A FUNCTION OF NOISE FIGURE

Application Note 5337

Cascode Amplifier
When the CA3028A or CA3028B is used in the cascode
configuration for RF-amplifier circuits, a common-emitter stage
drives a common-base stage. The input admittance y11 is
essentially that of a common-emitter stage, and the forward
transfer admittance y21 is that of a common-emitter stage times
the common-base alpha. Because of the high-impedance drive
source for the common-base stage, the output admittance y22
is quite low (0.6S) at low frequencies. The reverse transfer
admittance y12 for the cascode circuit is 900 times less than
that for a single-stage common-emitter at 10.7MHz, and 35
times less at 100MHz. As in the differential amplifier, ease in
tuning is obtained without need for neutralization.
The transfer characteristic in Figure 6 shows the suitability of
the cascode configuration for AGC takeoff for FM front-end
controls.
CASCODE CONFIGURATION
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (TA) = 25oC
FREQUENCY (f) = 10.7MHz

OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V)

(EQ. 1)

This calculation indicated a sensitivity of 6.6V at the CA3028A

or CA3028B base (terminal 2). This value cannot be realized,
however, because the CA3012 limits on noise peaks so that the
gain figure is reduced.
A sensitivity of 7.5V was realized in the design shown in
Figure 7. The filter approach with high-gain integrated-circuit
chips differs from that for single, cascaded transistor stages in
that lumped selectivity is required rather than distributed
selectivity.

Interstage filter: double-tuned 220kHz at -3dB; coefficient of

critical coupling, 0.7; voltage loss, 8dB
VCC = +9V

Converter filter: triple-tuned, 220kHz at -3dB; coefficient of

critical coupling, 0.8; voltage loss, about 28dB

2
1
0
0

y 21
100 10 3
V G = --------------------- = ------------------------------ = 300 = 49dB
y 22 + y L
0.33 10 3

Special care must be exercised when second-channel

attenuation in the order of 45dB is required. Selectivity is then
proportioned as follows:

VCC = +12V

The voltage gain of the CA3028A or CA3028B into a 3000

load is determined as follows:

0.05
0.1
INPUT VOLTAGE (V)

0.15

FIGURE 6. TRANSFER CHARACTERISTICS (CASCODE

CONFIGURATION)

Applications
The typical applications described below illustrate the use of
the CA3028A and CA3028B integrated-circuit RF amplifiers in
both the differential and the cascode modes.
10.7MHz Cascode IF Amplifier
Figure 7 shows an FM IF strip in which the CA3028A or
CA3028B is used in a high-gain, high-performance cascode
configuration in conjunction with a CA3012 integrated-circuit
wide-band amplifier. The CA3012 is used in the last stage
because of the high gain of 74dB input to the 400-load ratiodetector transformer T4 . An input of approximately 400V is
required at the base of the CA3012 for -3dB below full limiting.
An impedance-transfer device and filter must be connected
between the CA3012 base (terminal 1) and the output of the
CA3028A or CA3028B (terminal 6). The insertion loss of this filter should be kept near 6dB (1:2 ratio of loaded to unloaded Q)
so that all possible gain can be realized up to the CA3012 base.
In addition to this insertion loss, a voltage step-down loss of
5.8dB in the interstage filter is unavoidable. Therefore, the total
voltage loss is approximately 9dB to 14dB, and an output of
1500 to 2000V must be available from the CA3028A or
CA3028B to provide the required 400V input to the CA3012.

Because of input limiting in the CA3012, the interstage filter

exhibits a somewhat wider bandwidth than the 220kHz indicated. Therefore, a coefficient of critical coupling near 0.8 is
realized, which is optimum for minimum deviation from constant
time delay. The triple-tuned converter filter alone provides second-channel attenuation of 30dB to 33dB, while the interstage
filter contributes 8dB to 10dB. The filters described meet
requirements of both performance and economy.
The large collector swing that can be obtained in cascode
operation of the CA3028A or CA3028B makes it desirable to
take the AGC voltage from the collector or hot end of the IF
transformer for front-end gain control. The cascode stage then
operates primarily in its linear region, and excellent selectivity
(40dB) is maintained even for large signal inputs of approximately 0.4V. Front-end gain reduction is between 40dB and
50dB.
10.7MHz IF Strip Using Two CA3028A or CA3028B
Circuits
The 10.7MHz IF strip shown in Figure 8 uses two CA3028A or
CA3028B integrated circuits to provide less overall gain than
the circuit of Figure 7. The first integrated circuit is connected as
a cascode amplifier and yields voltage gain of 50dB; the second integrated circuit is connected as a differential amplifier and
yields voltage gain of 42dB.

Application Note 5337

.

VCC = +9V
150

68K
4.7K

47
0.01F

0.001F

OUTPUT

10K

82
330 pF

0.01F
47

68
1

0.01F
10

1.5K

1000
T3

2
680
pF

50
pF

56
pF

CA3028A
OR
CA3028B
CASCODE

330
pF

T4

CA3012

6.8K +
5F -

50
pF

330
pF

56
pF
2

6.8K

1K

INPUT
3

0.01
F

3
0.01
F

0.01F

2K

0.01F

+49dB

2100V

7.5V

400V

2VRMS

T3: INTERSTAGE TRANSFORMER TRW #22486 OR EQUIVALENT

T4: RATIO DETECTOR TRW #22516 OR EQUIVALENT
AUDIO OUTPUT: 155mVRMS FOR 7.5V 75kHz INPUT 3dB
BELOW KNEE OF TRANSFER CHARACTERISTIC

FIGURE 7. 10.7MHz IF AMPLIFIER USING A CA3028A OR CA3028B IN THE CASCODE MODE

When a practical interstage transformer having a voltage

insertion loss of 9dB is used, overall gain is 83dB and the sensitivity at the base of the first integrated circuit is 140V. A less
sophisticated converter filter (double-tuned) could be employed
at the expense of about 26dB of second-channel attenuation. If the voltage insertion loss of the converter filter is
assumed to be 18dB and the front-end voltage gain
(antenna to mixer collector) is 50dB, this receiver would
have an IHFM sensitivity of approximately 8V.
(IHFM - Institute of High-Fidelity Manufacturers)
10.7MHz Differential-Amplifier IF Strip
Figure 9 shows a 10.7MHz medium-gain IF strip consisting of a
CA3028A or CA3028B connected as a differential amplifier and
a CA3012 wide-band amplifier. As in the circuit shown in Figure
7, an input of approximately 1500V is required to the inter
stage filter. The differential-mode voltage gain of the CA3028A
or CA3028B into a 3000 load is determined as follows:
y 21
35 10 3
V G = --------------------- = ------------------------------ = 92.5 = 39.3dB
y 22 + y L
0.38 10 3

(EQ. 2)

This voltage gain requires that an input of approximately 15mV

be available at the base of the CA3028A or CA3028B
differential amplifier.
7

Even if a triple-tuned filter having a voltage insertion loss of

28dB is used in a low-gain front end, a receiver having an IHFM
sensitivity of 5V results. If 26dB second-channel attenuation is
permissible, a 3V-sensitivity IHFM receiver can be realized.
88MHz to 108MHz FM Front End
Figure 10 illustrates the use of the CA3028A or CA3028B as an
RF amplifier and a converter in an 88 to 108MHz FM front end.
For best noise performance, the differential mode is used and
the base of the constant-current source Q3 is biased for a
power gain of 15dB. The RF amplifier input circuit is adjusted
for an insertion loss of 2dB to keep the noise figure of the front
end low. Because the insertion loss of the input transformer
adds directly to the integrated-circuit noise figure of 5.5dB, the
noise figure for the front end alone is 7.5dB, as compared to
noise figures of about 6dB for commercial FM tuners.
Although a single-tuned circuit is shown between the collector
of the RF-amplifier stage and the base of the converter stage, a
double-tuned circuit is preferred to reduce spurious response of
the converter. If the double-tuned circuit is critically coupled for
the same 3dB bandwidth as the single-tuned circuit, the insertion loss remains the same.

Application Note 5337

VCC = +9V

0.001F

68K
150

47
0.01F

82

4.7K

OUTPUT

10K

0.01
F

1K

0.01F
68

1500

1K

330
pF

T4

2
680
pF

56
pF

CA3028A
OR
CA3028B
CASCODE

50
pF

T3
1

56
pF

CA3028A
OR
CA3028B
DIFF. AMP

6.8K

5F 50
pF

330
pF

6.8K

1K

INPUT
3

0.01
F

3
0.01
F

2K

2K

44.5mV

140V

0.01F

15.8mV

2VRMS

T3: INTERSTAGE TRANSFORMER TRW #22486 OR EQUIVALENT

T4: RATIO DETECTOR TRW #22516 OR EQUIVALENT
AUDIO OUTPUT: 155mVRMS FOR 140V 75kHz INPUT 3dB
BELOW KNEE OF TRANSFER CHARACTERISTIC

FIGURE 8. 10.7MHz IF STRIP USING TWO CA3028A OR CA3028B INTEGRATED CIRCUITS

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Application Note 5337

VCC = +9V

68K
150

4.7K

OUTPUT

10K

330
pF

82
1K

0.001F

0.01F
47

68

0.01F
8

1.5K

7
10

50
pF

T3
CA3028A
OR
CA3028B
DIFF. AMP.

0.001F
1
50

56
pF
56
pF

CA3012

6.8K +

330
pF

T4
50
pF

5F -

330
pF

6.8K

1K
INPUT

0.01F

3
0.01
F

2K
0.01F

15V

400V

1500V

2VRMS

T3: INTERSTAGE TRANSFORMER TRW #22486 OR EQUIVALENT

T4: RATIO DETECTOR TRW #22516 OR EQUIVALENT
AUDIO OUTPUT: 155mVRMS FOR 15V 75kHz INPUT 3 dB
BELOW KNEE OF TRANSFER CHARACTERISTIC

FIGURE 9. 10.7MHz IF STRIP USING A CA3028A OR CA3028B IN THE DIFFERENTIAL MODE

The collector of the RF stage is tapped down on the interstage

coil at approximately 1500, and the base of the converter
stage at 150. RF voltage gain is computed as follows:
Antenna to base

0dB

Base to collector

22dB

Voltage insertion loss of interstage coil

-13dB

Net RF voltage gain

9dB

If an IF converter transformer having an impedance of

10,000 is used, the calculated voltage conversion gain is:
y 21
V GC = --------------------- = 112 = 41.3dB
y 22 + y L

Measured gain into the collector of the converter is 42dB. The

measured voltage gain of the RF amplifier and converter into a
10,000 load is 52dB; calculated gain is 50dB. When the converter is tuned for the commercial FM band (88MHz to
108MHz), the following parameters apply:
Input resistance (RIN)

170

Input capacitance (CIN)

6.3pF

Output resistance (ROUT)

80k

Output capacitance (COUT)

3.5pF

Conversion transconductance

13mS

(EQ. 3)

The RF amplifier and converter shown in Figure 10 were

combined with the IF amplifier shown in Figure 7, and the
following performance data were measured at 100MHz:
30dB (S + N)/N IHFM Sensitivity

3V

Image Rejection

46dB

Receiver noise figure is the limiting factor that permits a

sensitivity of only 3V to be realized.

T2
1pF

CV

CV

CV
2

TO
1H
IF
STRIP

0.001
F

27
pF

50
10.7MHz
4

T1

10

10
pF
L1
300

L2
CA3028A
OR
CA3028B
DIFF. AMP.

470pF
1

10
pF

1H

0.001
F

82
pF

L3

15
pF

CA3028A
OR
CA3028B
CONVERTER

0.001
F

0.001
F

0.001
F

1000

2K

0dB

100

7
0.001
F

47

1.2K

+22dB

+41dB

-13dB
+50dB

L1 : 3-3/4 T #18 TINNED COPPER WIRE; LENGTH 5/16 ON 9/32 FORM;

TAPPED AT 1-3/4 T; PRIMARY - 2 TURNS #30 SE
L2 : 3-3/4 T #18 TINNED COPPER WIRE; LENGTH 5/16 ON 9/32 FORM;
TAPPED AT 6 2-1/4 T, A 3/4T
CV

1-3 : VARIABLE C 15pF

T1 : MIXER TRANSFORMER TRW #22484 OR EQUIVALENT

T2 : INPUT TRANSFORMER TRW #22485 OR EQUIVALENT
L3 : 3-1/2T #18 TINNED COPPER WIRE; WINDING LENGTH 5/16 ON 9/32 FORM

FIGURE 10. 88MHz to 108MHz FM FRONT END

1
2K

1K

150

VCC = +9V

Application Note 5337

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