External walls

External walls include walls in facades and in

gables.
External walls must 1) be able to accept and
transfer load, 2) fulfil the requirements for heat
insulation, 3) be protected against moisture
damages and 4) be fire resistant. When a
building is placed in noisy areas, external
walls shall furthermore fulfil requirements
concerning acoustic insulation.
Heat insulation
The heat insulation requirements for heavy
external walls and for light external walls
differ. Heavy external walls are defined as
walls with a mass of more than 100 kg/m2.
When calculating the mass, only the part of the
wall, which is placed inside any ventilated
cavity, is included.
Heavy external walls are typically walls where
the outer leaf is a masonry wall whereas the
inner leaf is either a masonry wall or a
lightweight concrete element wall. In the
Heat loss frame (see Enclosure E) heavy
external walls assume the U-value 0.30.
Light external walls are typically timber or
metal stud walls with an external cladding of
wood, steel or fibre cement panels - or with
masonry outer leaf. Light external walls
assume the U-value 0.20 in the Heat loss
frame.
Windows, external doors, sky lights and glass
walls all assume the U-value 1.80 in the Heat
loss frame and their total area must not
exceed 22 per cent of the heated floor space.
Fulfilment of the requirements for heat
insulation is covered in detail in the chapter
Heat insulation. Beware of new energy requirements - Uvalues indicated in this direction are not
necessarily valid - Study BR 2008 !!!! conditionssection 7

Moisture
External walls shall be so constructed that they
will not be damaged by moisture.

SBI Directive 189

KLJ

Further, the construction shall be so made that

any ingress of water can be lead out again. The
insertion of damp proof courses and damp
proof membranes can ensure this.
A damp proof course is a layer, which apart
from hindering diffusion also secures against
moisture transport via capillary rise
A damp proof membrane is a layer, which
apart from hindering diffusion is at the same
time airtight, that is, the joints between any
lengths of barrier must not permit air leakage.
Diffusion is defined as The transport of water
vapour through the pores of a material.
Insulation against moisture from the
foundation or from a basement wall is
established by placing a bitumen felt damp
proof course at least 150 mm above ground
level, see figure 46. The most appropriate
material is bitumen felt type PF 2000, which is
polyester reinforced felt with a mass of
2000g/m2. Alternatively, type GF 2000 can be
used which is a glass fibre reinforced bitumen
felt.
Bitumen felt is placed above all openings in
the outer leaf, see figure 45. Other examples of
the placement of bitumen felt are described in
Tegl 17, Moisture barrier in masonry,
MURO, 1994.
In walls containing moisture sensitive
materials (such as wood, steel, gypsum and the
like) a ventilated cavity shall be established
between the rain shield and heat insulation and
the insulation shall be covered with a
windproof layer. If the outer leaf is made of
bricks the width of the ventilated cavity should
be at least 50 mm. Furthermore, the wall shall
be so constructed that any kind of
condensation is avoided. This is ensured by
placing a damp proof membrane of e.g. 0.15
mm polyethylene foil on the warm side of the
insulation or up to 1/3 of the total layer
thickness inside the insulation layer calculated
from the warm side.

44

The difference
between a
dpc and a
dpm is that
the dpm is
airtight, i.e. all
joints between
different parts
of the dpm are
sealed to
make them
airtight

150
mm

Figure 45. Bitumen felt shall be inserted above openings or connections between outer leaf and
inner leaf. The felt is attached to the inner leaf. In masonry inner leafs the felt is embedded 23 courses above the insertion in the outer leaf. If brick lintels are used above the openings (see
page 50), the felt shall be embedded above the last of the courses presumed to constitute part of
the lintel. When the inner leaf is constructed by the use of prefabricated elements, the felt is
bonded to a height of 150 mm.

min 150 mm

See text

Figure 46 External walls shall be secured against moisture from below. Bitumen felt is placed
securing against moisture from the foundation. At ground level the felt is at the same time
inserted and glued to the concrete slab to prevent air ingress (radon). Furthermore, bitumen
felt is inserted with the purpose of discharging penetrated water. If the wall is particularly
exposed to driving (horizontal) rain, mortar can be left out in every second head joint in the
first course above the bitumen felt. The felt is fixed to the inner leaf as described in figure 45.
SBI Directive 189
KLJ

45

R30

Fire precautions
External walls in small houses shall be made at
least as BD-building component 30, and
external as well as internal wall surfaces shall
be made at least as class 2 covering, see
K D - S2 - d0
Enclosure B, Fire.
Building components shall be joined in such a
way that the fire classification of the final
construction is equal to or better than the
classification of each component in the
construction.
If the house is situated closer than 2.5 m from
the boundary or the middle of a path the
external wall facing the boundary shall be at
least BD building element 60. Also a firm
connection between the external wall and the
roof covering must be established. Further, the
external wall facing the boundary shall be
firmly connected to the final cladding on
exterior walls perpendicular to the boundary.
This also applies if the distance to a
neighbouring house on the same plot is less
than 5 m.
Passage of sound
When the noise level from road or rail traffic
is higher than 55 dB, the roof, external walls
and windows shall be constructed to ensure
that the noise level inside habitable rooms
does not exceed 30 dB. Information about
exterior noise levels can be gathered from the
local environmental authorities. If the exterior
noise level does not exceed 65 dB, the
requirement for normal wall and roof
constructions can be fulfilled by the use of
sound reducing windows with a sound
insulation equalling the exterior noise level
minus 30 dB. At higher noise levels acoustic
insulation for external walls and roof must be
considered, see SBI-Direction 172: Acoustic
insulation of buildings.
In Enclosure C, Sound, measuring methods
etc. are specified.
The noise insulation for a normal window with
double-glazing is 25-30 dB.
If the requirement for noise insulation is 35 dB
or above, only windows that are classified and
controlled according to DS 1084, Sound

SBI Directive 189

KLJ

insulating windows Classification, 1979,

should be used.
Heavy external walls
Heavy external walls are usually made as
combination walls, i.e. a cavity wall where
vertical load is accepted by the inner leaf while
resistance to wind load is established by the
inner leaf and outer leaf in combination. The
outer leaf is usually a brick wall, while the
inner leaf can be a brick wall, a clinker
concrete wall or a cellular concrete wall.
The outer and the inner leaf shall be connected
by the use of wall ties in order to ensure the
combined resistance to wind load. Corrosion
proof wall ties shall be used e.g. stainless steel
or tin bronze wire in a number equalling at
least 4-6 ties per m2 wall. If 3 mm ties are used
they are usually inserted at intervals of 0.4 m
in every sixth course or at intervals of 0.6 m in
every fourth course. If 4mm ties are used they
can be inserted at intervals of 0.5m in every
sixth course. The distance between ties should
not exceed 0.6 m. Below the top courses two
rows of ties should be inserted at intervals of
0.3 m. Furthermore an extra row of wall ties
should always be placed at intervals of 0.3 m
along the edge of all openings e.g. windows.
Directions for the correct design and
embedding of wall ties are given in Figure 47.
Wall ties embedded in prefabricated elements

Figure 47. Wall ties. Directions for the

correct design and embedding. Inner and
outer leafs are both constructed in brickwork

46

shall be straightened in such a way that they

are rectilinear and parallel when embedded in
the outer leaf. If wall ties are not embedded in
prefabricated elements they are usually
hammered into the edge of the element
simultaneously to erecting the elements (this
only applies to aerated concrete elements
which are 600 mm wide).
Combination walls with an inner leaf made out
of cellular concrete or clinker concrete
elements shall be dimensioned according to
the Code of practice for the Structural Use of
Lightweight Concrete (DS 420), appendix 1.
Correct dimensioning usually requires
engineering assistance. This also applies even
when manufacturers instructions are followed.
Elements shall be erected according to the
instructions of the manufacturer. Bricks used
in the rain screen shall be frost proof. For
masonry, a mortar similar to KC 60/40/850 or
better shall be used according to the Code of
practice for the Structural Use of Masonry
(DS 414).
Examples of heavy external walls
In figures 48,49,50 and 51 examples are
shown of heavy external walls, which at the
same time fulfil the heat insulation
requirements and the requirements to a BS
building components 60 construction. The

10 mm cold bridge insulation:

Rib
0
4
percentage
U-value:
Min. wool, 39
0.28
0.33

0.38

Min. wool, 36

0.36

0.31

Min. wool, 36

0.28

Figure 48 Combination wall with brickwork in

inner and outer leaf.

SBI Directive 189

KLJ

0.27

0.30

0.32

Mineral
wool, 36

0.25

0.28

0.30

Figure 49 Combination wall with brickwork in

outer leaf and concrete in inner leaf.

30 mm cold bridge insulation,

0.29

0.27

Rib
percentage
U-value:
Mineral
wool, 39

70 mm cold bridge insulation:

Rib
0
4
percentage
U-value:
Min. wool, 39
0.28
0.28
0.26

Cavity wall, brickwork and

concrete, 390 mm
Brickwork, 108mm (possibly with
ribs)
Mineral wool, 125 mm
Concrete element, 150 mm
Cold bridge insulation, 50 mm

Cavity wall, brickwork and clinker

concrete, 340 mm
Brickwork, 108 mm, possibly with ribs
Mineral wool , 125 mm
Clinker concrete element, qoo mm, density
1200 kg/m3, possibly with ribs

Bricwork cavity wall, 350 mm

Brickwork, 108 mm, possibly with ribs
Mineral wool, 125 mm
108 mm brickwork, possibly with ribs

0.26

values indicated show the average U-values of

the external walls considering the fact that the
insulation thickness is reduced due to the
pillars/ribs around doors and windows, see
pages 51 and 52. A solid wall (without any
insulation) around windows and doors will
result in an unacceptable thermal bridge. The
rib percentage is defined as the proportion
(percentage) between the total ribbed area and
the total wall area minus the area of doors and
windows.

Rib
percentage
U-value:
Min. wool, 39

0.27

0.30

0.32

Min. wool, 36

0.25

0.28

0.30

Figure 50.Combination wall with brickwork in

outer leaf and clinker concrete in inner leaf.

47

Cavity wall, brickwork and cellular

concrete, 340 mm
Brickwork, 108 mm
Mineral wool 125 mm
Cellular concrete element, 100 mm,
density 645 kg/m3, ribs.
30 mm cold bridge insulation
Rib percentage
U-value:
Min. wool, 39

0.25

0.26

0.28

Min. wool, 36

0.23

0.25

0.26

Figure 51 Combination wall with brickwork in

outer leaf cellular concrete in inner leaf.
Light external walls
Light external walls are constructed with a
load-bearing frame made of steel profiles or
wooden studs and with a light cladding
mounted on the outside or with a brickwork
outer leaf. The walls shall be constructed with
a ventilated cavity, a wind proof layer,
insulation and a moisture barrier.
The wind proof layer can be left out provided
the inside part of the wall is completely
airtight and provided the insulation is fitted
very carefully. If not there is a risk of a
considerably increased heat loss due to
increased airflow through the insulation.
Studs in stud walls shall be construction wood
of strength class K 18 or better according to
the Code of practice for the structural use of
timber (DS 413). Studs with a dimension of
45 x 95 mm placed at 600 mm intervals can
accept and transmit usually occurring loads in
ground class City and in ground class Country
provided the building is not more than 8 m
wide and has max.1 storey using joisting as
storey partition. Alternatively 45 x 120 mm
studs also placed at 600 mm intervals can be
used. Examples of wooden stud walls are
shown in figures 52 and 53.
Stud walls with studs per 600 mm fulfil the
requirements for BD - building component 30

SBI Directive 189

KLJ

Wooden stud wall with brickwork

outer leaf
Brickwork 108 mm
Ventilated cavity
Wind tight panel
Studs, 50 x 95 mm per 0.6 m
Noggins, 50 x 95 mm
Mineral wool, 95 + 95 mm
Damp proof membrane
Internal cladding
Mineral wool 42, U = 0.21
Mineral wool 39, U = 0.20
Mineral wool 36, U = 0.19

Figure 52 Wooden stud wall with brickwork as

outer leaf.

Wooden stud wall with wooden

cladding.
Cover boards
Ventilated cavity
Distance strips. Windtight panel
Battens, 50 x 45 mm
Studs, 50 x 95 mm
Damp proof membrane
Battens, 50 x 45 mm
Mineral wool, 45 + 95 + 45 mm
Internal cladding
Mineral wool 42, U = 0.21
Mineral wool 39, U = 0.20
Mineral wool 36, U = 0.19

Figure 53 Wooden stud wall with external

wood cladding.
provided the cavity is filled with fixed mineral
wool in batts, and provided the wall is clad
with a class 2 covering of minimum 12 mm
thickness. A ventilated cavity is allowed
behind the external class 2 covering. The
requirements for BD-building component 60
are fulfilled when the covering is replaced by
two layers of 13 mm plaster board on either
side or provided rock wool

48

Metal stud wall with

brickwork outer leaf
Brickwork, 108 mm
Ventilated cavity
Exterior gypsum board, 2x9 mm
Steel profile studs, 150 mm per
0.6 m
Gypsum board, 13 mm
Damp proof membrane
Z-profiles (horizontal), 50 mm
per 0.6 m
Mineral wool, 150 + 50 mm
Gypsum board, 13 mm
Mineral wool 39, U = 0.21
Mineral wool 36, U = 0.20

Figure 54 Metal stud wall with brickwork as

outer leaf.
Metal stud wall with cladding
made from profiled steel
plating
Profiled steel plating
Ventilated cavity
Distance profiles
External gypsum board, 2 x 9
mm
Steel profile studs, 150 mm per
0.6 m
Gypsum board, 13 mm
Damp proof membrane
Z-profiles, 75 mm per 0.6 m
Mineral wool, 150 + 75 mm
Gypsum board, 13 mm

Mineral wool 39, U = 0.21

Mineral wool 36, U = 0.19

Figure 55 Metal stud wall with external

cladding made from profiled steel plating.

covering, possibly placing insulation in the

cavity, as shown in figures 54 and 55. The
damp proof membrane could be placed
between the two layers of board. The
dimensioning of steel frame walls must be
done in accordance with the manufacturers
instructions. Loads can be determined
according to Enclosure A, Load.
Examples of steel frame walls are shown in
figures 54 and 55. Steel frame walls will
usually fulfil the fire requirements. As with
regard to the exact design, we refer to the
manufacturers instructions.
Other external walls
Examples of other external walls are shown in
figures 56, 57, 58 and 59. In cases where the
wall is ventilated it is necessary to cover the
insulation with a wind proof layer. When
leaving out a damp proof membrane on the
warm side of the construction it is
recommended to use a very diffusion open
material as wind proof layer. The diffusion
resistance (Z-value) should be as low as 1-2
GPa s m/kg as there is a considerable risk of
Aerated concrete element with
exterior wooden cladding
Wooden cladding
Ventilated cavity
Distance strips
Wind tight, diffusion open layer with
a Z-value <1-2
Studs, 50 x 95 mm per 0.6 m
Noggins, 50 x 95 mm
Aerated concrete element, 100 mm
Density 645 kg/m3
U = 0.18

is used by two layers of class 2 covering,

each layer at least 12 mm thick and the
concealed layer in batt form. A ventilated
cavity is allowed between the two layers of
class 2 covering. In non load bearing walls
(typically gable walls) it is sufficient to use
one layer class 2 covering, provided rock wool
is used.
Steel frame walls are usually clad with
plasterboard. Load carrying steel parts shall be
protected against corrosion. Due to strength,
fire and sound at least two layers of 13 mm
plaster boards should be used as internal

SBI Directive 189

KLJ

Figure 56 Inner leaf made of aerated concrete

with exterior wooden cladding. The density of
the wall on the inner side of the ventilated
cavity is less than 100 kg/ m2, consequently the
wall is classified as light external wall.

49

Concrete element with exterior

cladding in corrugated fibre
cement sheets
Fibre cemet sheets
Ventilated cavity
Distance battens
Windtight, diffusion open layer with
a Z-value <1-2
Studs, 50 x 145 mm per approx. 0.6
m
Mineral wool 39, 145 mm
Concrete element, 120 mm

Clinker concrete element with exterior

cladding in mineral wool bats.
Reinforced plaster
Facade batts, mineral wool 45, 150 mm
Adhesive substance + fixing brackets
Clinker concrete element, 100 mm, density
1200 kg/m3

U = 0.27

U = 0.27

Figure 57. Inner leaf made of concrete with

exterior cladding in corrugated cement fibre
sheets. The density of the wall inside the
ventilated cavity is greater than 100 kg/m2,
consequently the wall is classified as heavy
external wall.
Clinker concrete element with
exterior cladding in smooth panels
Smooth cladding panels
Distance strips
Windtight, diffusion open layer with
a Z-value <1-2
Studs, 50 x 120 mm per approx. 0.6
m
Mineral wool 39, 120 mm
Clinker concrete element, 100 mm,
density 1200 kg/m3

U = 0.30

Figure 58 Inner leaf made of clinker concrete

with exterior cladding made from smooth
panels. The density of the wall inside the
ventilated cavity is greater 100 kg/m2,
consequently the wall is classified as heavy
external wall.
moisture accumulation if traditional bitumen
felt is used (which often has a Z-value of 2030).
The examples fulfil the requirements for BDbuilding component 60.

SBI Directive 189

KLJ

Figure 59 Inner leaf made of clinker concrete

with exterior cladding in plastered mineral
wool batts (facade batts). The density of the
wall inside the ventilated cavity is greater 100
kg/m2, consequently the wall is classified as
heavy external wall.
Fitting of windows and external doors
Window and door lintels
Window and door lintels shall be so
dimensioned that they are sufficiently strong to
prevent structures above the lintel from
stressing the window or door. Dimensioning
loads for lintels can be determined by the use
of enclosure A, Load.
With regard to brick lintels one must be aware
that the beam partly consists of a prefabricated
lintel partly of a number of courses of bricks.
It is important not to destabilize the beam e.g.
by the insertion of bitumen felt or air vents.
Correct placing of bitumen felt is shown in
figure 45, p. 45. Likewise in other types of
lintels for instance clinker concrete beams reinforced on the lower side part of the nonreinforced cross section will constitute a
pressure zone, which must not be weakened
(for instance by penetration or the insertion of
other components)
Joints
When fixing windows and external doors the
joint between the post of frame and the
window reveal should always be made as a

50

Mastic
seal

Self expanding
seal

Figure 60. A two-step seal between the post

of frame and the window reveal. 1) Rain
shield on the outer part of the joint, 2)
Pressure equalising chamber with an outlet
to the open at the bottom, 3) Caulking with
mineral wool, 4) Polyethylene backing 5)
Airtight sealant.

so-called two-step seal, see figures 60 and 61.

The sealing principle of the two- step seal
consists of placing a rain seal (rain shield) and
a wind seal in two separate layers with a
pressure equalising chamber and a heat
insulating caulking in between. The pressure
equalising chamber is connected to the outside
through natural leaks in the rain shield and
through openings at the bottom of the post of
frame (where the post of frame joins the sill of
frame). Consequently, the air pressure in the
chamber will by and large be equal to the
outside pressure. Using this system will
prevent small amounts of rainwater, which
may leak through the rain

SBI Directive 189

KLJ

Figure 61. Five examples of design of the twostep seal shown in figure 60. Different rain
shields are used: A) Mastic seal and
polyethylene backing, B) Round rubber
profile, C) Multi rubber profile, D)
Impregnated self expanding seal, E) Mortar
joint
shield along the post of frames, from being
pressed further into the joint. Instead the water
will seep down along the backside of the rain
shield and out into the open just in front of the
setback seal at the windowsill.
Other examples of fixing windows in external
walls are shown in figures 62,63,64 and65.
The issue of fixing windows is dealt with more
thoroughly in SBI-Direction 177: Joints in
Facades.

51

Head

Sill

Jamb

Figure 62 Fixing a window in a combination

wall with cellular concrete inner leaf. A 108
mm wide brick lintel is used above the window
on the outer leaf and a cellular concrete beam
is resting on two specially made reveal
elements (also cellular concrete) bonded to the
inner leaf.
Along jambs, sill and head thermal bridges are
avoided by the insertion of expanded
polystyrene or the like. Wall ties fixed along
the edge of inner leaf element are embedded in
every four courses in the brick outer leaf. The
windows are fixed to the reveal elements by
the use of angle brackets before building the
outer leaf.

SBI Directive 189

KLJ

Head

Sill

Jamb

Figure 63 Fixing a window in a combination

wall with clinker concrete inner leaf. A 108
mm wide brick lintel is used above the
window. The prefabricated inner leaf (wall
element) is manufactured with a window
opening. The reinforced lintel above the
window is an integrated part of the element.
The wings around the opening and the wall
element are monolithic and thus they are
accurate, durable and suitable as a basis for
fixing and sealing the window. Along jambs,
sill and head thermal bridges are avoided by
the insertion of 30 mm expanded polystyrene
or the like.

52

Head
Head

Sill

Sill

Jamb
Jamb

Figure 64. Fixing a window in a combination

wall with concrete inner leaf. A 168 mm wide
brick lintel is used above the window. The
outer leaf wall thickness is increased to 168
mm along the jambs and the sill. This
construction constitutes a solid base for the
fixing and sealing of the window and also
constitutes a good basis for the fixing of the
windowsill. The prefabricated inner leaf (wall
element) is manufactured with a window
opening. The reinforced lintel above the
window is an integrated part of the element. In
this case a 70 mm gap is created between the
inner and outer leaf along the jambs, head and
sill. The gap is filled with insulation to avoid
thermal bridging and is concealed by the
window board and the window reveals

SBI Directive 189

KLJ

Figure 65. Fixing a window in an external

timber stud wall with wooden cladding. The
stud wall is constructed using 45 x 95 mm
studs mounted with 45 x 45 mm horizontal
battens on both sides. The construction is
supplemented with noggins and battens
around the window in order to establish a firm
base for the fixing of the wind tight layer on
the outside and, on the inside the fixing of a
damp proof membrane between the studs; for
the fixing of battens, cladding, window,
window board, window reveal etc. The
unbroken wooden jambs in this construction
constitute a relatively insignificant thermal
bridge and as such the solution can be
considered satisfactory.

53

Internal walls
Internal walls are usually made of bricks,
blocks, prefabricated elements of lightweight
concrete or as stud walls (wood or steel) clad
in boards (plasterboard, plywood etc).
A load bearing internal wall is a wall carrying
a vertical load from other building components
such as roof and storey partitions. Bracing
walls are walls, which are necessary to ensure
the stability of the house as described on page
13. Walls that are neither load-bearing nor
bracing are called non-bearing walls.
Heat insulation
There are no requirements for heat insulation
of internal walls between heated rooms.
Internal walls facing non-heated rooms assume
the U-value 0.40 in the Heat loss frame.
Fire conditions
Load bearing internal walls and columns in
small houses shall be made at least as BDbuilding component 30. However, in houses
with 1 or 2 storeys and a basement, load
bearing walls in the basement shall be made at
least as BD-building component 60 and stairs
between basement and ground floor shall be
separated from basement or ground floor with
walls which are at least BD-building
component 60. The door in this wall shall be at
least a BD-door 30.
Surfaces on all walls shall be made at least as a
class 2 covering, see enclosure B. Fire.
A 108 mm brick wall and a 100 mm clinker
concrete wall fulfil the requirements for BSbuilding component 60 for storeys heights up
to 2.6 m.
The construction of bearing and non-bearing
wooden stud walls, fulfilling the requirements
as BD-building component 30 and BDbuilding component 60, is shown in figure 66.
Steel stud walls clad with at least 12 mm
plasterboard usually fulfil the requirements for
non-bearing BD-building component 30.

Load-bearing BDwall 30
45 x 700 mm studs per 600 mm
70 mm mineral wool, mechanically
fixed with 2 mm steel wire per 300
mm.
Class 2 covering, minimum 12 mm
thick, for example gypsum board.

Figure 66. A wooden stud wall with 45 x 70

mm studs per 600 mm fulfils the requirements
for BD-building component 30 for load
bearing walls when the cavity is filled with
fixed mineral wool in batts and the wall is
covered with class 2 covering with a thickness
of at least 12 mm.
The requirements for BD-building component
60 for load-bearing walls can be fulfilled by
using 45 x 95 mm studs per 600 mm clad with
two layers of 13 mm plasterboard on either
side. If the cavity is filled with rock wool the
covering can be made of two layers of 12 mm
class 2 covering on either side provided the
innermost layer is a panel type cladding. If the
wall is non-load-bearing it is sufficient with
one layer of 12 mm class 2 covering on either
side provided rock wool is used as insulation.
Concerning the fixing of mineral wool and
class 2 covering, see enclosure B, Fire.
With regard to meeting other fire requirements
we refer to the suppliers instructions.
Acoustics
Within the same dwelling there are no
requirements concerning sound insulation.
However, noise from neighbouring rooms may
cause disturbance in cases where the joints
between a wall and other building components
are inadequately executed.
Generally
speaking, increasing the mass of the wall also
increases the sound insulation in stud walls,
for example, by the use of a double cladding
on either side of the wall.

SBI Direction 189

KLJ

54

Examples of sound proofing walls can be

found in SBI Directive 172: The sound
proofing of buildings.
Strength properties
Non-load bearing walls shall be so constructed
that they can resist randomly applied forces
etc. At the same time they must not be exposed
to any load from a possible storey partition
above.
Normally, walls that solely carry the load of
other walls but no load from roof or storey
partitions do not present any problems
concerning strength properties. However,
masonry walls should be constructed as 168
mm brick walls.
Bracing must be individually dimensioned and
retained for example as described in enclosure
D, Bracing Systems.
Longitudinal walls in the ground floor of 1
and 2 storey houses and in the basement of 1storey houses (and both carrying a storey
partition) can be constructed as follows:
Element walls of 100 mm cellular
concrete or clinker concrete.
168 mm masonry
Wooden stud walls with 45 x 95 mm
studs per 600 mm provided the storey
partition is constructed as a timber joist
floor
Metal stud walls shall be individually
dimensioned - loads can be determined by the
use of enclosure A, Load.
The thickness of cellular concrete walls or
clinker concrete walls carrying clinker
concrete floor slab panels will in most cases be
determined by the necessary abutment of the
floor slab panels.
In basements below 1 and 2 storey houses it
is often necessary to increase the thickness of
cellular concrete walls or clinker concrete
walls the carrying capacity of 168 mm
masonry walls is usually adequate.
The load from rafters with ceiling joists resting
on longitudinal walls equals the load from a
storey partition, also see enclosure A, Load.

SBI Direction 189

KLJ

55

illmod 600 DAFA

illmod 600 joint sealing

strip

Technical help and material

guide. Read more...

Extend the durability of

windows and doors

Mounting instructions joint

sealant strips

Testing

Dimension Table

3K sealant tape
Product description
illmod 600 is driving rain tight and open to
vapour diffusion preventing rot and fungus in the
construction.
Application
The joint sealing strip is used as an external
weather seal for windows and doors.

Back fillers
Butyl strips for windows
Butyl
Dafa-Flex sealant strip
illmod 600 joint sealing strip
illmod A joint sealing strip
Silicone joint sealant
Window foils

Info

Continuously subject to external unannounced quality control for driving rain tightness
Weatherproof
Slow expansion
Prevents forming of thermal bridge
Sound-absorbing: 51 dB
Secure filling of even the slightest unevenness
Resistant to mould fungus and micro organisms
Self-adhesive side
Mountable all the year round
No joint slip
BG1 approved according to DIN 18542
Driving rain resistant 600 Pa
Driving rain resistant 1100 Pa
Shelf-life: Max. 2 yers
Please note the dimensioning regulations
Covers joint widths from 2 to 40 mm
May form part of i2 og i3 system guarantees
10 years product and function guarantee - with no graduated coverage

http://www.dafa.dk/C125700400403A7A/AllByUNID/4764342D9B435A06C125712B003ACB18?Opendocument&Lan=UK&Portal=DAFA (1 of 3)07-12-2006 13:53:46

illmod 600 DAFA

Index

Dimension/
Colour

Content
per box/roll

Content
per box/
meter

20 x 30 m

600 m

20 x 15 m

300 m

TUN
No.

10/2
black
grey

5035093
5035103

10/3
black
grey

5035094
5035104

15/3-7
black
grey

13 x 15 m

195 m

13 x 10 m

130 m

13 x 8 m

104 m

10 x 30 m

300 m

10 x 15 m

150 m

10 x 8 m

80 m

10 x 6 m

60 m

15 x 6,5 m

97,5 m

12 x 5,2 m

62,4 m

10 x 4 m

40 m

7 x 2,7 m

18,9 m

5035095
5035105

15/5-10
black
grey

5035096
5035106

15/7-12
black
grey

5035097
5035107

20/2
black
grey

5035098
5035108

20/3-7
black
grey

5035099
5035109

20/7-12
black
grey

5035101
5035110

20/8-15
black
grey

5035102
5035111

20/10-18
black
grey

5779757
5779758

25/13-24
black
grey

5761211
5761210

30/17-32
black
grey
Example of illmod 600,
20/7-12
20 / is joint depth

2748770
3164464

40/28-40
black

http://www.dafa.dk/C125700400403A7A/AllByUNID/4764342D9B435A06C125712B003ACB18?Opendocument&Lan=UK&Portal=DAFA (2 of 3)07-12-2006 13:53:46

3647617

illmod 600 DAFA

/7-12 is joint width

grey

http://www.dafa.dk/C125700400403A7A/AllByUNID/4764342D9B435A06C125712B003ACB18?Opendocument&Lan=UK&Portal=DAFA (3 of 3)07-12-2006 13:53:46

3647633