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1. AIM
To provide knowledge in Auto Transformer Starter
2. OBJECTIVES
To familiarize the student with:
1.1 Control circuit and main circuit for Auto Transformer Starter
1.2 Operation in starting AC motor with Auto Transformer Starter.
1.3 Control equipment for Electrical Motor Control
3. EQUIPMENT
Bil
1.
3 phase Contactor
3 unit
2.
1 unit
3.
1 unit
4.
1 unit
5.
1 unit
6.
1 unit
7.
Pilot lamp
2 unit
8.
1 unit
9.
Timer (TDR)
1 unit
10.
Relay
1 unit
11.
Cable
Necessary
4. THEORY
Auto transformer starter
This starter produces high efficiency and have the option to be adjusted to obtain the
necessary torque and in accordance with the system. It very efficiency starter but the
disadvantage is it very high cost to setup control panel starter.
It can improved torque ratio is achieved and starting current is typically 3 times Full Load
Current , depending on the voltage taps selected. Typically it have taps at 50%,65% and
80% voltage.
During start-up, the motor is connected to the auto transformers tapping. This means that
the motor starts up with a reduced voltage and a correspondingly low current.
The transformers partial windings act as chokes in series to the motor windings, and
therefore, like the uninterrupted star delta connection, the motor speed does not drop
during switch over.
After the main contactor has been switched in, the motor windings are applied to the full
mains voltage. Finally, the transformer is disconnected from the mains circuit.
The auto- transformer is used to reduce the phase voltage to the fraction x of normal
value. The advantage of the method lies in the fact that the voltage is reduced by
transformation, not by dropping the excess in impedance, so that the line current and
power input are reduced in comparison with stator resistance starting.
The system of connections shown provides voltage steps during starting, the autotransformer being cut completely out of service after the start has been completed. Since
it is only in use for short periods, the current density in the windings may be increased
considerably above that normal for power transformers. At the same time, since the
starting torque depends on the square of the current, the impedance of the transformer
should be kept small. The auto-connection is here of particular advantage.
a ) On the 65% tapping the line current is approximately equal tp that of a Star-Delta
starter, however, at the time of switching from reduced voltage to the full supply voltage,
the motor is not disconnected so that the second peak is very much reduced since the
transformer is converted into reactance for a short time
b ) It is possible to vary the tapping from 65% to 80% or even up to 90% of the supply
voltage in order to ensure that the motor starts satisfactorily.
a ) One of its great disadvantages is the limitation of its operation frequency. It is always
necessary to know the operation frequency in order to determine a suitably rated autotransformer.
b ) The compensating switch is much more expensive than a Star-Delta starter due to the
auto-transformer.
c ) Due to the size of the auto-transformer starter, much larger control panels are required
which increases the price.
5. EXPERIMENT PROCEDURE
5.1
5.2
Then I will make a series of experiments on the circuit is armed with 3phase supply is to make full operation on the main circuit and control
circuit AC Motor
6. DISCUSSION
6.1
6.2
6.3
the heating, the bimetals bend, cause the relay to trip and the position of the
auxiliary contacts to change.The relay setting range is graduated in amps. In
compliance withinternational and national standards, the setting current is the
motor nominal current and not the tripping current (no tripping at 1.05 x
setting current, tripping at 1.2 x setting current). The tripping curves (cold or
warm starting, 3 phases and 2 phases) are shown in the main catalog. The
relays are built to be self protecting in the event of an overload until the short
circuit protection device is activated
Pilot lamp
A pilot lamp is a light that illuminates under specific conditions, most
commonly when an electrical circuit is energized. It may also be known as an
indicator lamp or pilot light, although this should not be confused with a small
flame kept burning in a gas appliance to provide a source for ignition when the
appliance is turned on. Pilot lamps are used in a wide variety of settings and in
some cases are required by law for safety reasons
Timer (TDR)
The TDR series of electronic relays is a processor based control that
can have many different functions. The operation of the TDR is determined at
the time of manufacture, based on the firmware loaded into the relay.
Special functions (X) that are unique to a customers specific application are
available by contacting the factory.
Relay
A relay is
Many
relays
use
Cable
Cable has a function that acts as a media transimisi to accelerate the
delivery of the message
6.4
What the advantages and disadvantages of this starter compared to the other
type of starter (Dierect On Line Starter, Star-Delta Starter, ETC)
ADVANTAGES OF AUTO TRANSFORMER STARTER:
On the 65% tapping the line current is approximately equal tp that of a
Star-Delta starter, however, at the time of switching from reduced
voltage to the full supply voltage, the motor is not disconnected so that
the second peak is very much reduced since the transformer is
converted into reactance for a short time
It is possible to vary the tapping from 65% to 80% or even up to 90%
of the supply voltage in order to ensure that the motor starts
satisfactorily.
DISADVANTAGES OF AUTO TRANSFORMER STARTER:
One of its great disadvantages is the limitation of its operation
frequency. It is always necessary to know the operation frequency in
order to determine a suitably rated auto-transformer.
The compensating switch is much more expensive than a Star-Delta
starter due to the auto-transformer.
Due to the size of the auto-transformer starter, much larger control
panels are required which increases the price.
High starting Torque: Unnecessary high starting torque, even when not
required by the load, thereby increased mechanical stress on the
mechanical systems such as rotor shaft, bearings, gearbox, coupling,
chain drive, connected equipments, etc. leading to premature failure
and plant downtimes.
VSD or VFD used for application where its worked with inlet guide
van or valve (variable load) to make power saving. Capacitor used to avoid the
voltage drop during motor start up but may cause many problems like
resonance.
CONCLUSION
The end of the experiment on the autotransformer starter, I can learn about the control
circuit and main circuit for Auto Transformer Starter. With that I also can find more detail
about the operation to start the AC motor with Auto Transformer Starter. And I can also learn
about the tools used to Electric Motor Control. Other than that, I can also see myself
operations performed in the circuit autotransformer starter. With that I also can learn how
Connection to a fully autotransformer circuit.
Reference
1. http://iitg.vlab.co.in/?sub=61&brch=168&sim=941&cnt=1
2. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relay
3. http://www.industrial-electronics.com/lab_manual_electr_41.html
4. http://top10electrical.blogspot.com/2014/03/advantages-and-disadvantages-ofauto.html
5. http://www.softstarter.org/advantages-disadvantages-of-different-motor-starters526301.html
6.
Before testing
Trip lamp