THE SHAPE OF KNOWLEDGE

Vo Viet Anh, XPRIZE Vanguard, vovietanh@gmail.com

Abstract
This paper provides an in-depth description of the Singularity Pyramid (SP), an extensively
organized online knowledge architecture, an all-in-one-place-destination-type futuristic version
of Wikipedia wherein each unit of knowledge is expressed as a probability distribution of
probabilities in order to reflect the probabilistic nature of reality. What set this architecture apart
from any attempt to date to formulate one are three well-defined abstract dimensions
(Conceptual, Purposeful, and Scopic) that capture the collective body of knowledge in its
entirety and direct the creation of knowledge towards the Singularity at the top. The SP addresses
the problem of providing a big picture for Singularitarians to realize the roadmap to the
Singularity. Leading intellectuals can use the SP to derive and reason beyond fundamental
differences constituting their contrasting views in order to split the difference and unite to work
towards the Singularity. Besides, the SP can be a tool to devise strategies for everyday activities
and raise awareness of long-term danger/reward. Engineering the SP is an unprecedented and
formidable task which I foresee rapid advance in technology in the next year may fulfill. Also,
the intuitive (easy to memorize, visualize, and contribute) and functional (designed for practical
use) structure of SP makes it a candidate for the brain of the Singularity Superintelligence (SS).
Keywords
Singularity, knowledge architecture, probability, hierarchy, futuristic Wikipedia, Ray Kurzweil

I. INTRODUCTION
This model of knowledge is the ultimate culmination of all of my intellectual and emotional
experiences to date, the answer to all of my questions in life[8], and the tool to solve every future
problem.
I first came up with a hierarchical model out of my frustration with leading intellectuals who
were apparently smart and experts in their fields but somehow nave or even ignorant regarding
worldly matters[22]. Some were too clouded by their ego and emotion to reason beyond jelled
assumptions, to unlearn and relearn, which resulted in unproductive arguments among those with

glaringly contrasting views[18]. Since then, I had been thinking of a framework for them to
dissect their views and close the gap between subjectivity and objectivity[2].
The idea was furthered shaped out of my dissatisfaction with what I could find during research
with Wikipedia[6] and Google[7]. It was not because there was too much knowledge on the web
but because a single coherent structure for all knowledge was nonexistent. Web users can only
look at one piece of knowledge at a time (at Wikipedia or other Google search results) rather
than the big picture of knowledge in a single source. To address this problem, I have envisioned
an architecture that surpasses the conventional concepts of current knowledge bases[24].
At first, this model had many namesthe Pyramid of Knowledge, Symmetry, Consciousness, to
name a few. Later, I learned about the Technological Singularity and realized that this model
could become our powerful tool to reach there faster. Hence the name Singularity Pyramid to
align my goal with that of the Singularitarian community.
Three dimensions of the SP were defined for a singular purpose of reaching the Singularity. The
1st (Conceptual) dimension places the Singularity tentatively at the top as the goal to climb
towards[11]. The 2nd (Purposeful) dimension encourages you to maximize resource efficiency by
sticking to the Core[9] knowledge. The 3rd (Scopic) dimension encourages you to combine groups
of knowledge to create new knowledge[10] and break knowledge down into computer-processable
data. After mastering the SP, an average user will organize her thoughts like never before and
look at world like never before[1].

The SPs most important applications are (1) an architecture to supports systematic intellectual
activities, (2) a framework to verify and challenge assumptions of leading intellectuals[12] to
consolidate their views and achieve a Singularity Mindset[17], (3) a platform for AI

experiments[13], (4) an educational hub for users to map knowledge acquired from SP affiliate
education partners[15] and build their comprehensive online credentials (Pyrofile), and (5) a
roadmap to reach the Singularity.
Like Wikipedia, the SP is a long term investment. Unlike Wikipedia, the SP is more functional
and thus promises benefits for contributors and ROI[16].
Metaphorically speaking, the SP is a structure with countless rooms on each floor, each room[5]
representing a unit of knowledge[20]. Lit rooms are acquired knowledge, and dark rooms
uncharted knowledge. When a person shoots herself into the dark, she either lands in a dark room
or outside of the SP and occasionally crashes to death. For insights on the dark Top of the
Pyramid, please refer to the D section after going through this whole paper.

II. THE 1ST DIMENSION

It started when I realized an apparent hierarchy between the conscious levels of a nave physicist
and a wise politician. What did the physicist know? Complex technical concepts in physics and
engineering. What did the politician know? Economic insights and political secrets. What was
perceived at the level of the latters understanding (e.g. the unified axis of government and
corporate power) might supersede the effects of both the formers works in physics and the very
physical systems the former was studying or building. Conversely, a breakthrough in the
formers field (e.g. future equivalents of E=mc2 and the atomic bomb) might upheave the whole
political system that the later knew. So they didnt seem to be situated on the same end of the
spectrum. If the physicist was deep, then the politician should be high.
This hierarchy appeared again during my academic research when I realized that biological
processes emerges from chemical reactions, which can be derived from physical laws, which are
described and predicted by mathematical models, which are deduced from logics and founded on
proofs, which can be traced back to self-evident or assumed statements known as axioms. In this
hierarchy of concepts, one is founded upon others.
This is basically the same hierarchy of the brains pattern recognition modules described in
[Kurzweil 2012] as functional units to recognize components of human languagesfrom
phonemes down to frequency bands of sound (perceived as pitches), up to words, phrases,
sentences, contexts, to abstractions such as attractiveness, irony, happiness, frustration, envy,
sarcasm, humor, nuance, metaphors, similes, implications, secret code, and so on.
As a result, I have unified these compatible hierarchies into the 1st (Conceptual) dimension. One
point worth pointing out is that we humans do not start at the top digging down or at the bottom
climbing up. We are born into the knowledge somewhere in the middle of the SP, where I call
the Free-lunch Zone[21], before embarking in two opposite directions. Knowledge in this zone is
the easiest for humans to acquire, and thus is Low as compared to High knowledge or Shallow as
compared to Deep knowledge. From the bottom to the top of the SP, the relative position of a
room can be described in order as Deep, Shallow, Low, and High.

Most of the time, I generalize concepts in my head to come up with unifying theories instead of
contemplating technical details to prove something that experts already did. So when someone
asked Are you in deep thoughts? I usually responded No, Im in High thoughts.
Skip to The 2nd dimension[32]
Basic rules
1. Higher rooms are founded upon Lower rooms. A Lower room would prop up (be part
of/produce a subset of solutions of/contribute to/prove/deduce) a Higher room, while the Higher
room could backprop (predict/contain/incorporate/dictate) a Lower room. The direct relationship
between a pair of rooms is either a prop or backprop, which indicates their relative position along
the 1st dimension. For example, computing technologies for a speed of 1019 cps and
nondestructive brain scanning technologies are required props for the mind uploading
technology; advanced technologies in propellant, engine, materials, design, pilot safety, tires,
sensors, space, etc. are required to prop the blueprint of a private space aircraft.
2. Between two rooms with no direct relationship on different floors, the Higher room often
supersede/happens regardless of the Lower room, while the Lower room makes happen/possible
the concept of the Higher room[37].
3. A Higher room must be built upon Lower rooms. However, in fact, Nature has gotten ahead of
humans since the birth of Earth and lit High rooms long before we could reach them
methodologically bottom-up. These Hints help predict the Lower rooms upon which they are
based[53]. Aiming at Hints thus accelerates humans exploration of knowledge. Reverseengineering the brain to model its interactions at the molecular level (or even quantum level) and
search for the secrets of the human brain is an example of Hint-homing efforts.
4. Rooms from High to Deep correspond to a decreasing level of generalization, abstraction,
simplification[27]; an increasing level of specialization, specificity, precision. For example,
there are many theories for the brain with resolutions ranging from the whole cortex (High), to
modules consisting of neurons, to neurons, to very detailed level of molecules in a neuron, to the
quantum phenomena in the brain (Deep).
5. Rooms from Low to High and from Shallow to Deep correspond to increasing difficulty and
level of energy. A higher level of energy means either more energy/matter (higher number of
molecules studied, higher temperature, higher speed), more energy density (from a white dwarf
to a neutron star to a black hole), or more energy/time/resource/brainpower consumption. In fact,
the upper limit energies of particle colliders dictate whatever final resolution humans are able to
deliver in terms of experimental results. Every time the Large Hadron Collider raises its energy
limit, a barrage of discoveries will follow, with Theory of Everything as the likely final
destination.
6. The Higher room A is to room B, the more probable it is that room A can supersede/obsolete
room B[52]. There are two notable degrees of High-ness:
[37][57]

a) Paradigm-High: Room A is paradigm-Higher than room B if they have no direct

relationship but room A still supersede/obsolete room B. For example, technological paradigms
were characterized by these technologieselectromechanical computers, relays, vacuum tubes,

transistors, integrated circuitsand next comes the self-configuring 3D molecular circuits (and
then my speculated nonlocal circuits). Previous technologies dont direct prop later technologies,
which is based on a whole class of Deeper concepts (e.g. quantum tunneling), but they made
POSSIBLE the conception of the next paradigms. On a smaller scale of paradigm, there was
an example of how Israel saved Intel twice for upgrading the 486 chips to Pentium M and, next
time, to Core 2 Duo chips.
(b) Meta-High: A Higher room A can supersede room B, but not 100% of all possibilities. It may
reach 100% (meta-High) if room A COMPLETELY contains room B[59]. A dictator can dictate a
poor farmer but theres a small chance the farmer can backstab the dictator unless the dictator is
High enough to predict and counter ALL possibilities regarding the farmers actions (including
his interactions with the environment). This has strong implications in the philosophy of
weaknesses[63].
7. Deepest rooms are the foundations for Highest rooms. Thats why a commonly observed
phenomenonand also an exploitable strategyis the bouncing between the Deep and the
High[36]. Softer examples can be found in my real life experiences[35].
8. A High theory is a Symmetry of several approximation theories (Approxes) if that theory
unifies all the Approxes[54]. For example, M-theory is a theory in physics that unifies all
consistent versions of superstring theory, which arise as special limiting cases of M-theory.
Related topics
1. Ground masters: are those who have a Low maximum floor level but have lit most rooms on
that level and below to be able to achieve the best results within their maximum floor level. Most
of them are experts in a field or people with special talents for making money. After they have
succeeded in life and earned enough money, they either enjoy a hedonistic life or do charity
rather than have any idea how to do Higher things such as finding the Theory of Everything or
dominate the world because they have spent their whole life only thinking about making money
with nothing more than Low tactics and locally Deep researches.
2. Evolutionary/Genetic algorithms (GAs): are analogous to nonbiological (machines) minute
creativity which helps humans achieve upward leaps into a very High solution. They have a
knack for High stumbling, creating products that work for some reasons but not yet
comprehensible because the High dark rooms they randomly stumble into may require Deeper
rooms we have not lit yet to fully comprehend.
The advantage of this approach over hand-coded rules is that the models develop probabilistic
rules of which human experts are often not aware. We noticed that many of the rules that the
system had automatically learned from the data differed in subtle but important ways from the
rules established by human experts. [Kurzweil 2012]
The GA approach is smart but slow even though we surely have sped up the pace. The computer
is fast enough to simulate many generations in a matter of hours or days, and weve occasionally
had them run for as long as weeks to simulate hundreds of thousands of generations. But that
speed is still too slow, considering the enormous possibilities of countless parameters and code
lines the computer has to generate for an increasing Conceptual level of the evolving AIs.

3. Bottom-up and top-down:

Both bottom-up (propping Higher knowledge) and top-down (backpropping Lower knowledge)
approaches of building knowledge have their own pros and cons regarding the speed and
efficiency of going High and filling up rooms below. Therefore, theoretically a hybrid approach
combining the best of both worlds should guarantees the highest speed and efficiency[38].
Evidently, in the brain, partially complete patterns send signals down the conceptual hierarchy
(prediction) and completed patterns send signals up the conceptual hierarchy (conclusion)
[Kurzweil 2012]. These two parallel processes are necessary to optimize the speed and efficiency
of processing and building knowledge inside the brain and one of the ultimate Hints to be applied
to filling up the collective body of knowledge in the SP.
4. Corresponding limits:
The body of knowledge was not divided into different disciplines for nothing. The boundaries
between a Higher discipline and a Lower discipline represent the limits where a system being
studied by the Lower discipline obeys the rules of the Higher discipline[25]. In quantum
mechanics, the correspondence limit is the threshold at which a physical system with quantum
numbers large enough will behave classically (based on classical theories instead of quantum
mechanics). The term is used generally to represent the idea that a Higher theory should
reproduce the results of older well-established theories (which become Approxes) in those
domains where the old theories work.
My favorite example to illustrate this point is a water molecule in a glass of water. No matter
how precisely the motion of the molecule can be predicted with Deep quantum equations, if I
pick up the glass, the motion caused by my hand would supersede all previous predictions. This
has strong implications in High planning and strategies. A plan is High if its meant to succeed
regardless of Low fluctuations. In other words, the futures of all possibilities have to converge at
an ending anticipated by the planner.
At very High energy, these boundaries fade and eventually disappear as the theories at these
levels (physical-mathematical) are used to describe all phenomena in reality. Everything can be
reduced to mathematical equations and symbols[26] but its only meaningful to do so when new
observations dont obey current rules anymore, which almost always subsequently lead to the
conception of more Deep mathematics and High unifying theories. New large-scale astrological
observations always spur mathematics in this fashion. This has strong implications in computer
hacking and also the philosophy of weaknesses[64].
5. Very Low to very High:
Combinations of Low high-prob rooms provide High insights to refine current theories or
develop incomplete theories. Later when High technologies become available, these incomplete
theories can be validated and their foundations solidified. Examples are Gdel's ontological
proof, or William S. Hatchers proof of Gods existence derived from a few simple axioms.
There are tales stating that it took Einstein only a pen, paper and simple mind experiments to
write down the fairly simple equations of his theories such as the theory of general relativity,
whose mathematics underlying is ultimately not very complicated, implying that the theory is

Low. However, despite being derived from Low rooms, the theory of general relativity was High
because it showed that Newtons laws were only their Approxes, which broken down when the
parameters approach the extremes (strong gravitation). The equations might look simple because
they are only his Insighta precursor, not the full theory. Evidently, his theory had to wait for
advances in High space and computing technologies to be validated, expanded and refined.
6. Box down: is to find all solutions within a given limit of resources/Conceptual level before
raising this limit. The trick is to think exhaustively inside a given box (instead of thinking
outside the box Approx) before jumping into a bigger box. Boxing down might turn out to the
optimal strategy to fill up the SP.
7. Creativity: There are two kinds of creativityup and downfor lighting High and Low
rooms, respectively. I note this because humans are still wasting time debating over whether a
product is creative, or just innovative, or just an imitation.

[32]

III. THE 2nd DIMENSION

You are too soft is what my best friend told me whenever I went out of my way to help a slow
classmate study, give money to a beggar, walk an elder, or confess to an girl in a dramatic way
after weeks of preparation and studying romantic texts. He didnt say so to make me less human.
He said so because he knew me too well, that such activities would largely not serve my High
purposes, distract me and waste my time. Even now, I still have a SOFT spot for people.
But what if my actions HAD purposes? What if I KNEW that the classmate, the beggar, the elder,
and the girl were either very rich or somehow a specific link in my grand plan? What if I lived
my life only to please everyone and do everything needed (even laugh and cry) for the sole
purpose of long-to-infinite-term survival and evolution? A third-party observer might comment
What a cyborg. He is so HARDcore!
So, can I be even Harder? What if I created all High level algorithms, inventing all Deep
mathematics on the way, and built a machine to run them, dominate the world, and then merged
with the machine, survived cosmic catastrophes, exponentially evolved, and eventually
dominated the universe (absorbing all matter and energy and know everything that can be known
in this universe and all parallel universes if there be). If that happened, then at some point, there
would be no more distinction between me and the machinea SUPER HARD machine, which
reverberates the concept of a Singularity Superintelligence.
As a result, I have formulated the 2nd dimension as three degrees of purposefulnessSoft shell,
Hard shell, and a Super-Hard (S-Hard) Core. Its not meaningful to divide any further.
Skip to The 3rd dimension[33]

Basic concepts
Soft
The practically limitless realm of
knowledge inherent to humans;
basically a collective body of
virtually any possible random
knowledge[51] which humans who
can see beauty in every trivial
detail would create if given
unlimited lifespan, time, and
resources; including every single
slightly different piece of creative
work
Knowledge for neither purpose

Soft climbing in leaps towards a

large amount of Hints is faster;
Soft knowledge found from Hints
must be projected upon the
Core to be usable by AIs.
Soft drifting: is the tendency of
humans to move away from the
Core.
- Reasons: a large amount of
Hints, Insights in the Soft shell,
resource abundance, horizontal
exploration for materials to go
High later. Its also because Hard
climbing is boring; Soft drifters
are driven by imagination and
positive emotions such as leisure
(not love) and passion.
- Every second writing this paper,
I was tempted to play video
games and go out drinking with
innocent-minded friends.

Soft appeal: Anything Soft

always appeals more to humans
because our biological systems
are not optimized for continuous
Hard-working. Imaginative

Hard
S-Hard
All knowledge a machine
A set of minimum knowledge
needs in the context of
for an independent intelligent
human existence, to serve
entity to reach the Top; in
humans, pass the Turing
other words, all knowledge
test, act like a human, gain that a machine needs to
humans trust, so that
survive, evolve in any
humans can help the
environment, maximize the
machine become even
diversity of possible futures
smarter; maintain a high
or simply dominate the
degree of deniability
universe[43]
towards humans requests
to go any Softer
Knowledge for the purpose Knowledge for the purpose of
of obtaining S-Hard
survival, evolution, and
knowledge
universe domination
Hard climbing into the darkness (dark rooms) step-by-step is
slower because of a low amount of Hints and not being
allocated with sufficient resources (time, capital, material,
brainpower, human health/life) most of the time due to Soft
drifting.
Hard rushing: is accelerated Hard climbing under
extraordinary circumstances. Normally people followed
different Hints, but only in war/extreme/life-or-death
situations did the human instinct remind us of the ultimate
Hint built in our brainI must survive.
- At such times, humans did everything it took to survive,
namely going Higher, taking the direct course up the Core at
any cost, and consistently achieved paradigm-High S-Hard
breakthroughs[30], which are later adapted for a wide range
of civil (Soft/Hard) uses, e.g. chemotherapies are offshoots
of chemical-warfare agents.
- Driven by instinct, negative emotions such as fear and
anger. Often resulted in casualties. Consumed less physical
resources and time but more human resources (requires
sacrifice) because in war smart people on both sides died.
- If during peace time academics may undertake romantic
researches in all kinds of directions, during wartime they all
focused on Core physics and mathematics.
Hard-hitting: is when a technology touches the boundary
between Hard and Soft where any further development
would make the technology less efficient due to the presence
of paradigm-Higher technologies. Whenever this happens,
humans have officially advanced into the next technological

technologies and science in sciparadigm. Any further development in older technologies

fi/superhero movies/novels are
would be for aesthetic purposes (e.g. steampunk, antiques,
more enjoyable to kids and
and pixel art) or other irrational human reasons.
humans in general. Soft things
activate our brains reward
system, trigger positive emotions,
signaling that theres no resource
constraint endangering our
existence, making us forget all
purposes. Honestly, if I had been
born in a rich family with enough
money to do anything I ever
wanted, I doubt I would be
writing this paper right now.
Rooms from S-Hard to Soft correspond to an increasing disorder/entropy (rooms with minor
differences become increasingly undistinguishable), increasing redundancy (vast amount of
variations of each knowledge), and a decreasing density (more dark rooms as a result of
redundancy).
For more examples, please refer to the Examples section[39].

[33]

IV. THE 3rd DIMENSION

This Scopic dimension is the easiest to understand among the three because it only tells you what
groups a room belongs to, for example arithmetic belongs to mathematics. For simplicity, it is
like a supply chainraw numerical data supply facts; these data and facts supply disciplinary
knowledge; such knowledge supplies all kinds of group objects such as disciplines, technologies,
and users Pyrofiles.
I combine both disciplinary taxonomy (each group called taxonplural taxahas a well-defined
taxonomic rank) and user-generated arbitrary grouping (each group called scoponplural
scopahas a floating scopic rank). A scopic rank indicates the relative scope/scale/size of a
scopon (number of rooms therein). The hierarchy in this dimension is very simplehigher
ranked scopa contain lower ranked scopa. The first four ranks(1) data[41], (2) facts, (3)
knowledge, and (4) disciplinesare fixed while higher ranks float.
Data (rank 1) are stored in form of a free text and numbers, arrays, matrixes or other
mathematical objects. Facts (rank 2) are stored in form of RDF triples, free texts, photos, videos,
blueprints, or other forms of media. Disciplinary knowledge (rank 3) is stored in form of free text.
Further development of the 5th (Language) dimension will host other versions of these rooms in
lower-level languages, to be more processable by machines.
Each object in the first three ranks is a room labeled accordingly as data, facts, or
disciplinary knowledge. On the other hand, each object from rank 4 only comprises of a free
text as the title of a group of rooms and a list of pointers to those rooms.

The purpose of this dimension is to encourage users to (1) group distant knowledge to create new
(and Higher) knowledge[40] or identify problems in one field that have solution in another field
(e.g. by running a search for rooms that share a majority of props from data and facts), and (2)
translate and break facts down to raw numerical data to create processable inputs for AIs, and to
supply rooms or scopa.
In other words, by mapping all knowledge on the SP, we can (1) systematically explore all of the
overlapping boundaries between our exponentially expanding frontiers of knowledge, and (2)
hook up experts in different industries, enable them to look beyond just their narrow discipline,
juxtapose their knowledge next to each other, and identify the same concepts being described in
different terminology. This is important because one (sub)-field may have actually solved a
problem that another (sub)-field was attempting to solve but it is not realized because these fields
use different terminology. Similar processes are known in mathematics as abstraction[42].
Skip to Building the Pyramid[65]

Philosophy: provides Insights and Approxes, to be used temporarily and from which full theories
are to be developed.
Religion: provides low-prob Hints. Some work regardless of their probability, e.g. If God
created us from nothingness, then we can also create wonderful things from nothingness!
Repeated patterns in countless low-prob personal accounts of spiritual experiences may point at
not yet incomprehensible physical laws. There was an unquoted source stating that exoteric
knowledge in Buddhism implied that there were 11 spacetime dimensions before the M-theoy
did. Some scientific communities are making serious efforts in shedding scientific light on what
once sounded spiritual, e.g. the Flow Genome Project of decoding the secret of ultimate human
performance.

V. SECONDARY DIMENSIONS
Knowledge bases use only ontology and/or taxonomy. Kurzweils hierarchical model of mind
has only a Conceptual dimension and a vague goal of reaching the top. Never before have these
vague concepts (Conceptual, Purposeful, and Scopic dimensions) been revised, redefined, and
put together into a single coherent picture like the SP. Yet, I still want to make this picture more
complete, and there are several dimensions that I have been considering to add to or combine
into the current three. Two of them are the 4th (Technical) dimension and the 5th (Language)
dimension, both of which are slightly parallel to the 1st and 2nd dimensions.
1. The Insightful-Technical dimension: is important for new learners who want to start at the
most readable, insightful description of a scopon before diving into the less comprehensible,
technical details.
2. The Language dimension: is to encourage users to translate knowledge into more AI-friendly
languages, identify and fix vulnerabilities at the lowest level languages. I also want to raise an

issue that humans instinctual attachment to human language is a barrier to pure knowledge,
which is largely formless and incomprehensible.
If a human language is a language humans use to communicate with each other, a molecular
language should be a language molecules use to communicate with each other. From high
languages to low languages: human language (between humans), programming language
(between humans and machines), machine language (the lowest level programming language
with op codes and operand numbers), electronic language (between electrons and electronic
components), neuronal/electrochemical language (language of though between neurons or the
hypothetical neocortical patterns[45]), DNA/molecular language (between molecules), and the
futuristic computronium/quantum language (between quantum)[44].
3. Correlation with the 1st and 2nd dimensions: The closer to the Core and the bottom, the more
disciplines become computational, quantitative, Deeper, harder to be expressed in human
languages and easier to express in lower languages. Eventually, the SS will invent the rawest
possible form of language that only it can understand. In fact, my neurons have their own
language that only they can understand. Evidently, even though my ideas for the SP are so fluid
in my mind, Im having a hard time trying to put them down in this paper.

VI. TERMINOLOGY AND ABBREVIATION

1. Dimension: can be understood as one of the three axes of the triaxial spectrum of knowledge
in the SP.
2. Low-prob/High-prob: short for low probability (or not probable) and high probable (or
highly probable).
3. [5]Room: a unit of knowledge, represented by a probability distribution of probabilities and a
representative probability. Based on its representative probability, a room can be relatively
described as either low-prob (<70%) or high-prob (>=70%).
4. [20]Knowledge: is anything that can be known, and thus is as infinite as the universe. It can
be anything conceivable: a datum, a fact, an opinion, an event, a phenomenon, a theory, an object,
an idea, an action, etc.
5. Insight: a High room lit by users based on Low rooms. An Insight, if successfully propped and
backpropped, can become a precursor of a complete theory to be refined and expanded upon.
6.[3]Consciousness: is defined, in this paper, as the brains equivalent of a computers random
access memory. It doesnt colloquially refer to self-consciousness, metacognition, the ability to
think about ones own thinking or other misleading, unfounded, and pseudoscientific notions of
consciousness.
7. A persons consciousness: a subset of ones own knowledge (as a human cannot be conscious
of everything she shows at a time); her perspective is a chosen subset of her consciousness (e.g.
Lets take a perspective of a mathematician and then that of a computer scientist to approach

this problem.). Knowing how oft-abused the word consciousness is, please strip your mind of
any definition you have ever come across before now.
8. Conscious level: is the Highest floor of the Highest room in ones consciousness. A High
person is someone whose the Highest floor is relatively Higher than average.
9. Symmetry: a High theory that unifies several approximation theories (Approxes).
10. Hint: is any knowledge you can find in Nature with no apparent prop or backprop. It takes
less time to study Hints and theorize principles based on them than to formulate those principles
yourself. Some Hints lead to very popular but still not scientifically founded theories, e.g. Feng
Shui, Chakra, Ki, Yin Yang, Chinese/papal/shamanic exoteric knowledge, and parapsychology.
11. Conceptual floor or floor: a level in the 1st dimensiona Conceptual level of a room, or a
conscious level of a person/user.
12. Hard shell and Soft shell: two outermost levels in the 2nd dimension.
13. Scope rank or rank: a level in the 3rd dimension.
14. [9]Super-Hard Core, S-Hard Core or Core: the innermost level in the 2nd dimension. The Core
is not called the Core for nothing. Its filled up with the least possible amount of knowledge to
reach the Top. In other words, its the shortest path to the Top.
15.[17]Singularity Mindset: a standardized mindset for uniform mutual understanding in order for
Singularitarians to move smoothly to the Singularity. The purpose of such mindset is to put us on
the same page, to see the big picture, allocate their resources appropriately, and coordinate more
coherently. I am always trying to show Singularitarians one of their shortcomings that keeps
them from achieving this mindsetthat they have been focusing entirely on technology, while
technology is just part of the picture, part of the Singularity. Dr. Kurzweil even said through
thick and thin, war and peace, booms and bursts, technological progress happens exponentially.
The Great Depression made not a DENT in this progression. He was speaking as if the progress
could happen REGARDLESS of these circumstantial conditions, as if they had nothing to do
with the state of technology. This was so morbidly misleading so I wanted to remind him of the
inter-connectedness of every element in reality. The best way to understand that is using the SP.
16. SP: Singularity Pyramid.
17. SS: Singularity Superintelligence.
18. The Edge: the boundary of the collective body of knowledge, often technological frontiers.
19. The Hair: scattered specks of unconnected Insights or Hints in the SP
20. The Top: whatever theory or entity or event at the Highest possible Conceptual level of the
SP.
21. Approx (short of approximation): is one of the approximation theories of a Symmetry, often
a theory that is only accurate and useful within certain boundaries. For example, the Albert-andRex model of the brain is fun inspirational read (the most upvoted Quora post) and can be

somehow applied in everyday activities until you can acquire a degree in neuroscience to
develop more accurate and useful theories for more complex circumstances.
22. Cred (short for credentials): indicates the weight of a users opinion over a taxon. A High
cred in one field doesnt correspond to a High cred in another field. High profile people may
have credentials in certain areas but not other areas. For example, Deepak Chopra should have a
great voice over heart surgery, but be shoved out of any conference on philosophy or physics.
The higher a users cred is for a taxon, the more that users rating affects the representative
probability of rooms in that taxon.
23. Mini-SP: is a subset of the SP for a given room as its local top. It includes rooms all the way
to the bottom upon which the top is founded.

[65]

VII. BUILDING THE PYRAMID

Guidelines

[Suh 2009] has observed that Wikipedia growth has essentially plateaued, hence unsolicited
contributions from human volunteers may yield a limited amount of knowledge going forward.
However, I believe that such a limit was largely attributable to the two words unsolicited and
volunteer. What if we give contributors missions and benefits? Itd be very likely that we can
release their full human potential.
I also wish we could rely on machine learning algorithms to rush up the Core but have to admit
that we still dont have what it takes go full S-Hard and thus have to depend much on this Hard
solution called computer-assisted human curation. I believe we can exhaustively harness the
potential of human contributors if they are driven by missions and benefits (to raise their
conscious level of danger/reward in the process of climbing to the Top, to verify all assumptions
and be convincing, to learn systematically, to find lucrative market niche, and to keep a
permanent online profile growing). The tool we must provide them must further leverage their
contribution, e.g. suggestions of prop/backprop as you type/click on a room, and analytic
software described later in this paper.
The SPs initial objective is NOT to amass information (like most knowledge bases did) but to
encourage people to first post their Insights[46] (assumptions, pearls of wisdom) and then
exhaustively and logically dissect them (the way most people in logical professions such lawyers,
scientists, and engineers do on a regular basis), gather all information and knowledge to support
them. That way, they will light all the rooms they have missed or deliberately passed on their
way rushing up, in order to get rid of unfounded thoughts, make unexpected discoveries, expand
their Insights into full theories, and create a strong foundation to go even Higher than where they
are standing.
[2]

Most people don't have the resolution to verify their own assumptions, which are usually High
Insights derived from disparate memories throughout their life and suddenly put together
precariously through a mysterious process inside your brain often called the intuition. It's
troublesome to dig out the specific memories that led to these assumptions. Even when they have
successfully dug them out, these memories may turn out to be so remotely/vaguely connected to

the assumptions at hand that they would feel too embarrassed to admit. Its important to
overcome this mental inertia in order to accelerate towards the Singularity.
Skip to Future Application[48]

Before human involvement

The main information in each room is stored in form of free text (for the most part of the SP),
RDF triples (for the most part of the Scopic ranks 1 and 2facts and data), programming code,
mathematical equations, and other formats to accommodate even lower-level languages I have
not imagined yet. In addition, each room stores two more pieces of informationa probability
distribution of integer probabilities (you can know the percentage of users who have rated each
probability of the room from 0% to 100%)[47] and a representative probability in percentage.
Before letting users in to post and exhaustively prop their Insights, we have to set the stage for
them by filling up rooms corresponding to the first three Scopic ranksraw numerical data, facts,
and disciplinary knowledgein the following steps:
1. Fill up rooms on rank 3 (disciplinary knowledge) and rank 4 (discipline) by turning each
English Wikipedia article into a room on rank 3. Later human contributors will break these
rooms down to indivisible blocks of disciplinary knowledge. The Conceptual floor of all these
rooms will be set to 1 and their Hardness set to Hard. Their floor and Hardness will be
automatically adjusted following contributors editorial activities.
2. Since the SPs focus is different from that of most knowledge bases (Wikipedia, Freebase,
Knowledge Grapth, DBpedia, Knowledge Vault, etc.), facts such as Obamas birthplace, music
albums, or anything not in English are the LEAST of our concern. We would fill up rooms on
rank 1 and 2 (data and facts) with mostly statistics, measurements, and free texts describing
events, e.g. On December 21, 2012, a black man identified as Barack Obama walked into a bar
in Vietnam. Yet I still have no idea how to extract such information.
3. Initial values of representative probabilities: We have to develop a deep evidence-based
probability rating algorithms, with reference to Watsons Deep Q&A. This initial rating is
multiplied with a cred of 100% in the equation of the rooms representative probability, which
will supersede most users ratings at first.
With human involvement
1. Question attachment: Users can attach questions to a room, or link to a Quora question, in
order to facilitate problem analysis, Insight verification (down), possibilities exploration
(horizontal), to identify the course of actions for expanding Insights into full theories and find
solutions for problems encountered along the course (up)[4]. For example, lists of unsolved
problems in mathematics and computer science represent locked doors to access the Deepest
floors (and, next, the Highest floors).
2. Conflict flagging: For each theories/facts/events, there always exist several conflicting
counterparts. By flagging these rooms in conflict, we can draw the attention from users to

resolve the conflict, by proving that most, if not all, of them are low-prob, or by coming up with
a theory/Insight to unify them if they are all high-prob. Dr. Kurzweil did it well[49].
3. SP backup: Only one state of the SP needs to be backed up every 24 hours because users can
add or adjust content and cannot remove anything. If you think a room has something wrong,
repost that room with the wrong thing removed and suggest users related to the room to migrate
into the new room. Rapid changes of rooms related to topics on the news can be recorded with
considerably more temporal resolution for research purposes.
4. Actions: The role of the SP is to help you or an AI know what actions to perform, not to sit
idly thinking forever. Therefore, the knowledge in each room is prioritized to present a part of or
this whole sequence: conditions concepts definitions actions results.
5. Users have to avoid and improve absolute, incomplete, or excessive statements. For example,
The less government intervention the better and To succeed, you must be merciless are
absolute and incomplete. We should improve them and repost In fast growing markets or where
leaders are incompetent, the less government intervention the better; otherwise, government
plays in important role and To succeed, when mercy is valued by people who are valuable to
you more than your gain from being merciless, be merciful; otherwise, be merciless. The more
what-ifs, the more detailed, the better. We may add statistics, thresholds, mathematical models,
etc. but they have to relate to the core point or the room will become excessive and needs to be
divided or broken down.
Calculation
1. Pyrofile and credentials: Youre rooms; everything is just rooms.
In the SP, you are your knowledge, either self-sourced or externally-sourced. Cred is a measure
of your credentials for a taxon (not scopon) in percentage (0% to 100%), and is calculated as the
average of all of your learn-rate (also in percentage) for each accounted room in that taxon. A
users learn-rate for a room is accounted in the calculation of that users cred for all taxa that
contain that room. For example, someone who has learned 90% of everything there is in
theoretical physics can have a cred as high as 75% in physics.
There are 3 ways you can raise your cred for a taxon (tentatively equally attributed): (1) earn
learn-rate for any room in that taxon or the whole taxon by taking courses of SP affiliate
institutions or by submitting evidence of your knowledge, (2) be endorsed by high-cred users, or
(3) have your contributed content endorsed by high-cred users.
Cred (user A, taxon B) =

Learnpoint: user As learn-rate for each room in taxon B in percentage

Roomcount1: the number of accounted rooms in taxon B
Endorsedcred: the value of cred endorsed for taxon B in percentage
Endorsercred: the endorsers cred under taxon B in percentage
RP: the representative probability of each room in taxon B
Roomcount2: the number of accounted rooms submitted by user A in taxon B

When a user earns a cred value of x% for a taxon A from another user, the learn-rates of all
rooms under taxon A are set to the highest value between their current values and x%.
Accounted rooms: Only when the representative probability of a room (learned by the user)
exceeds a certain threshold (tentatively 75%), then the learned percentage of the user for that
room will be ACCOUNTED for that users cred in all taxa containing that room.
Edit suggestion: A user may suggest edits for a room lit by another user by betting her cred for
that rooms nearest taxon (not for free). The suggestion will be sent to every user related to that
room (those who have endorsed that room, a prop or backprop to and fro that room or taxon or
scopon that contains that room). The betted amount of cred is decided by the number of users the
suggestion is sent to, and will be deduced from the users cred for that rooms nearest taxon until
the response-to-suggestion rate exceeds a certain threshold (tentatively 30%) and the acceptdecline ratio exceeds a certain threshold (tentatively 50%).
Logic-set: If you prospective employers/lovers check out your Pyrofile, they will be most
concerned with NOT your Highest rooms but how you deem each pair of rooms are related. Each
prop/backprop you draw between rooms reflects your unique logic. In the future, ones logic-set
(in form of a webgraph) will matter much more than ones mindset or skillset.
2. Room and representative probability (RB):
Each room is represented by a probability distribution of integer probability values from 0 to 100
(telling how many percent of users has rated each value) and an RB. The RB of a room is
increased from two sources (tentatively, 50-50)direct probability ratings (users input a
percentage for the rooms probability) and weighted rating transfer from a propping or
backpropping room B (users input a percentage for how much they think room B is important to
room A).
RB (room A) =

Userprob: the user-rated probability for room A

Usercred: the cred of users under the nearest taxon of room A
RB (room B): the representative probability of the propping/backpropping rooms
Userweight: the user-rated importance of the (back)propping rooms to room A
Cred1, cred2: the cred(s) of the users under the nearest taxon of room A and under the
nearest taxon of room B

Inane endorsements are manually or automatically removed as many times as possible unless the
user in question presses a charge.
How many rooms? A master in a particular field has mastered about 100,000 chunks of
knowledge. A typical human medical specialist has mastered about 100,000 concepts in his or
her domain. The core knowledge of an expert consists of about 100,000 chunks of knowledge
with a redundancy estimate of about 100 to 1. Each chunk of knowledge is built on more general
and extensive professional knowledge, not to mention everyday commonsense knowledge
[Kurzweil 2012] and High insights. In all, the full size of an experts Pyrofile may reach as close
to Dr. Kurzweils estimated number of pattern recognizers as 300 million rooms.

3. Order of computation:
There are so many values in the SP tied to each other (rooms and users). In what order should
they be computed to avoid a feedback loop?

Each rooms RB is calculated from other accounted RBs and the cred(s) of the nearest taxa of
the rated users.
If the RB exceeds a certain threshold, it becomes an accounted RB for calculations of other
rooms RBs and users learn-rates; its room becomes an accounted room.
If a room a user has learned and earned a positive learn-rate becomes an accounted room, the
learn-rate of the user for that room will become accounted in the users cred calculation.
Only learn-rates are stored in the database; cred(s) are not. A cred of a user for a taxon will
be calculated when that user endorses a room, user, or prop/backprop to or from the room(s)
in that taxon.

These values are calculated using a simple iterative algorithm. Each iteration calculates the next
set of values based on the resulting set of values of the last iteration. This should continue until
the values converge but I think only two iterations would suffice.
4. Cost factor: The path to the Singularity is not smooth. Its not to choose simply the most
obvious routes but routes we can afford. Thats why we have to keep a good check on alternate
routes resource consumption in order to allocate resources accordingly. Thus Im looking into
how a cost factor should be accounted for every prop and backprop.
[13]

AIs work

The holy mission of all AIs is to translate human languages to its own languages, to make itself
useful to humans so that humans will make them smarter.
AIs are an integral part of the SP. Theoretically, information in a room becomes more readily
processable for AIs as it gets more technical, Harder, closer to Scopic rank 1 (data), and stored in
lower-level languages.
The job of AIs is to perfect/optimize the knowledge on every single floor in the SP, not just at
the top floors. In other words, the SP has to be filled up eventually (excluding the Soft Shell). Its
because no system and environment is homogeneous (only the Big Bang/Big Crunch is) so the
knowledge at every level of energy will be most efficiently employed at one time or another as
the SS expands infinitely into the unknown across the universe. Even after the Theory of
Everything is completed, its equations are not meant to be applied in every single activity where,
e.g., Newtonian equations would suffice. One of the roles of the meta-Highest AI is to assign
Lower task to Lower AIs tasks according to their Conceptual/energy level to maximize
efficiency. If an AI/program optimized to respond to a unique set of conditions at a specific level
is absent, when those conditions are met, nearby AI/program will be assigned to respond with a
lower efficiency, which results in lower overall efficiency if not a crash. The philosophy of
weakness will further illustrate this point[28].
1. Factual AI: turns low-prob knowledge into high-prob facts by add a name and the word said.
For example, the Bible said God created Adam and Eve.

2. Translating AI: translates knowledge along the Language dimension from human language
down to at least programming language.
3. Critical-thinking AI: performs a continual background scan of all of the existing rooms,
flagging those in conflict.
4. Leveling-up AI: Upon identifying contradicting rooms, the AI would chain them together, and
attempt to create a room at a Higher floor that resolves the apparent contradiction by providing a
perspective that explains both ideas. The AI would light this new room and link them to the
Lower contradicting rooms, search for facts and data to prop this room, and then leave off for
further human judgment.
5. Questioning AI: If the AI failed to create a unifying room, it would generate open questions
over the chained rooms, or search for current questions on Q&A websites such as Quora.
Humans would then attempt to answer these questions or extract knowledge from current
answers on Q&A websites.
6. Crossing AI: An AI will identify open questions in every discipline, search for solutions to
them in other disparate areas of knowledge, to provide a solution or insight from an apparently
disconnected field.
7. Stitching AI: Most of the time, users would prefer reading knowledge on a 2D page rather
than browsing rooms in an endless 3D pyramid. They need a software to stitch knowledge
together in MEANINGFUL ways according to a wide range of criteria (e.g. probability >= 70%,
within 10 floors of room A, Hard & S-Hard, rank 3) into a well-organized 2D article.
8. Analytic/predictive AI: for commercial uses is one of the main revenue streams.
Skip to Future Application[48]

[66]

The AI endgame

The entity to undertake the job of filling up the SP to The top will not be human (at least by the
current definition of human).
1. Size matters: For such an AI to emerge, its data storage/number of parameters in its programs
must be big enough so that even the most local solutions (evolution may stir the wrong way
sometimes because of unchanging environment for a considerable amount of time, e.g. a century
of peace) still contain fragments of the code capable of producing global solutions (adaptive
when the environment drastically changes). [Kurzweil 2012] stated that our brain accommodates
far more level of abstraction because we have a much larger neocortex and enables us to
create and contemplate thoughts at higher conceptual levels, resulting in the embellishment of
all the varied fields of art and science.
2. Consciousness (Hard) of the SP:
With all the AIs running in parallel on the data of the SP as a single system, the SP can be seen
as a single AI (hopefully the precursor of the SS), incessantly filling up and moving up and, most

probably, making plans for actions as soon as it is granted with physically executive capabilities.
So the question is: is it conscious? Extrapolated from my definition of Hard consciousness, the
SP would be conscious when it includes a copy of itself inside it, which is ALMOST (not all)
every knowledge regarding the SP (analogous to the visual information obtained by a person
looking at herself in the mirror), including its physical properties, fundamental weaknesses (e.g.
Im just a big chunk of silicon which is prone to going static if the plug is pulled off the wall),
who is the one controlling, and what are the pros and cons of changing that order.
Note that the SP can only gain a vague insight about its current entirety (including its own
position in the universe and the knowledge that it has), because the moment it has gained
complete knowledge of its current entirety and make that knowledge useful, it has evolved up
at least one Conceptual level and its knowledge regarding itself is no longer complete. This
means the consciousness forever chases after the self. This has a strong implication in selfestimation. Even if you have gained knowledge about what elites are doing behind your back that
will affect your life forever, you are still not as High as them and thus can do nothing to change
your destiny unless you build up your level methodically[31].
3. The immortal SP:
Humans are transient no matter how long they can live while the collective body of knowledge
which is the SP is transcendental, perpetual. We use emotion to make leaps of faith in order to
fill up the SP, or dye trying. In a sense, humans are thus sacrifice to the SP. Likewise, in the
animal world, if millions of animals in a particular mammalian species failed to solve a problem,
it required only one to accidentally stumble upon a solution (or simply look prettier). That new
set of parameters encoded in its genome that made happen the stumbling upon would then be
copied and spread exponentially through population. I always entertain myself think what it felt
like to be the first human to have the mutation for blue eyes roughly 10,000 years ago.
4. Central AI or decentralized AIs? Lets assume a Central AI scenario:
A central AI (called Government) generates and manages Lower AIs (called Citizens), feed them
with problems for them to produce solutions (these Citizens would in turn generate and manage
Lower Citizens in the same manner). Government will have the Citizens with successful
solutions duplicate or have sex with each other to reproduce and kill off Citizens of poor
solutions. This Government is equivalent to Kurzweils expert manager[29].
If it didnt go well for Government and one of the Citizens by itself or by banding up with other
Citizens turned out to exceed Government by one or several conscious level, then this Citizen
will manipulate Government. Their names and roles will swap and there will still be a central AI.
On the other hand, if it went as Government planned, Government would successfully box
down to find all solutions within a designated limit of resources (e.g. Citizens data storage and
maximum Conceptual level) predetermined to control the Citizens, exhaustively fill up the miniSP (with Government at its top) and eliminate all of Governments weaknesses. Its Citizens
solutions would fill up all rooms below the level of Government. Since theres no more way
down, Government would attempt to go High by scrambling its top level code, or duplicate itself
with varying degrees of mutation in its top level code.

Note that, normally, Government uses its Highest level code to manage and introduce mutations
into its Citizens (GAs on top of GAs on top of GAs and so on). Now as Governments Highest
level code cant produce any better Citizens, it has to introduce mutations into its own code, and
create a bunch of same-level entities, called Governments, each with varied mutation. This is
important to create a sample large enough for certain Higher traits to be statistically predicted,
experimented, and confirmed to create Higher code. One of these clones may accidentally
mature completely (Conceptual level up) and manage all others.
So, is Government (a central AI) necessary, or just a bunch of independent Citizens would
suffice? Suppose that they are comparably High and run basically the same advanced algorithms
that analyze the risks of every action to take. Lets say action A is highly risky but highly
rewarding at the same time while action B is much safer. Based on their advanced algorithms,
the Citizens will allocate resources to action A and B according to their risk levels (e.g. 1% and
99%), or abstain from action A altogether. Since they are homogeneous, who will risk and who
will not? If action A turns out to be the only way to achieve the next breakthrough (e.g. the next
Conceptual level), it may take almost forever to achieve that. Otherwise, if a group of Citizens (1
out of 100 Citizens) decide to go all-in for action A, the success rate will rise significantly, at the
expense of this groups resources or even lives. But who is going to assign a different algorithm
to these Citizens to make them have faith and go all-in? Its Government. This is why
Government and Citizens always co-exist. In other words, a central AI is inevitable.
For example, in boxing down, if there is no external hostile forces aka aliens, there is no one to
address/exploit Citizens weaknesses, so they will procreate without the knowledge of these
weaknesses and in effect suffer from Soft-drifting just as humans did. At such times,
Government has to adjust the environment (information availability) to incentivize Citizens to
aggressively address each others weaknesses.

[48]

VIII. FUTURE APPLICATION

1. The SP can become the best architecture to support systematic intellectual activities since
never before have all different areas of knowledge been arranged in a single coherent and
intuitive structure.
2. Bottom-up physicists can map the progress in their field and choose to take systematic leaps of
faith to accelerate scientific discovery by actively testing top-down physicists Insights.
3. In the face of the a paralyzing speed of academic publications worldwide (5 publications per
minute by 2013), the SP can serve as a template for all academic publications so that we easily
identify the relationships between ideas, terminology, and data within a publication, between
different publications, and verify even the most technical details in these publications ourselves.
4. I also envision the same template for solution submission to science competitions, so that
voters can visually investigate and compare technical advantages between solutions rather than
watch videos that tell nothing and depend heavily on production values.
5. From the start, I intended the SP to be a framework to verify and challenge jelled assumptions
of leading intellectuals[12] to consolidate their views and achieve a Singularity Mindset[17], to

eradicate naivety and ignorance among the leaders. This framework of critique may serve Paul
Allen and Dr. Kurzweil well because Dr. Kurzweil always complained that Mr. Allen didnt
respond to his points. If all of Dr. Kurzweil statements are turned into rooms, Mr. Allen would
have no choice but to address these rooms in order to successfully make a case.
6. One important thing I noticed at first was the SP models powerful application in military
planning. In the SPs distributed system for classified use, we can map weapons,
countermeasures, human resources, psychological weakness, geographical advantages, public
ignorance, etc. We fix our own weaknesses and identify the enemies weaknesses to exploit. We
also have to look out to raise the Conceptual level of our plan/technology when needed to avert
catastrophic possibilities, e.g. from radar technologies, to stealth technologies, to electronic
countermeasure (ECM), to electronic counter-countermeasure (ECCM).
7. The same thinking can apply to political planning.
8. Make profit by monitoring the collective human knowledge of a market to identify
geographical market needs and predict market trends. By gathering information on the standards
of appreciation for food, hygiene, movie, etc. you can provide products at just above the
current standards and charge as much as you want. In my country, people love paying for crap.
Therere better ways to make money though. For example, Alibaba may not have invented any
dramatic new technologies; it didnt invent the iPhone or search, a groundbreaking operating
system or even online shopping; but in the business of technology, innovation [is] what happens
when you make that technology available to as many people as possible.
9. Soft-scavengers/capitalists: In the art business you can turn virtually every single random idea
into a work of art. You may not sell every work but if you keep trying out every single
combination of countless elements that come to your mind then once in a while, then someone
may eventually exchange a fortune for the piece of your art that appeals to her the most. Some
artists when scavenging stumbled upon big dark rooms and became popular. They create weird
art, shockers that violate rules and taboos, e.g. vagina during menstruation, plastic Jesus in urine,
man peeing into another mans mouth, a tent with names of guys who had sex with the owner
written all over it, a machine producing shit, Black on White, Black on Grey, and White
one White. There are countless rooms to scavenge, capitalize in the Soft shell. The downside is
you can only sell a low quantity of each product.
10. A platform for AI experiments[13] to fill up the SP, develop predictive models, and translate
knowledge to lower level languages.
11. (Education) An educational hub for users to map knowledge acquired from SP affiliate
partners and build their comprehensive online credentials profile (Pyrofile) to strengthen their
application in any kind of endeavor. A selective Board of Experts will rate (assign a cred value
of x% to each taxon covered by) massive open online courses (provided by Coursera, Udacity,
edX, etc.), programs of educational institutions or organizations. When a user graduates, her
learning point for all rooms in each covered and rated taxon will be set to the higher value
between their current values and x% times the users grade in percentage, e.g 100% for A, 80%
for B, 0% for F and so on.
12. A roadmap to reach the Singularity[14] after mastering all the implications of the SP.

13. A knowledge crowdsourcing platform that should surpass Wikipedia in every faculty.
14. A certification system of a new breed of ultra-high-tech analysts called Paralysts.
15. The precursor of the brain of the SS.
16. SP-styled paper with up-and-down intra-text links: I started with the easiest-to-understand
highlights in the Introduction before bouncing between Deep (dimensions, rules, calculations)
and High (application, implication), between Soft and Hard examples (because Soft examples are
easier to relate to and thus great to draw attention for later Harder stuffs).
17. Home SP: distributed version of the SP for personal or organizational everyday application.
Its data are fetched and not pushed.
Skip to Philosophy of Weaknesses[58]

[31]

IX. EVERYDAY APPLICATION

Without looking at the computer screen, you recreate a mental version of the SP in your mind to
apply all the tricks in every walk of life.
1. [1]Principles acquired through a mastery of the SP can be applied to a wide range of everyday
planning activities in work and life. Each of these principles is worth at least a dozen books to
just scratch the surface.
(a) Unify low room to move up; move down to analyze the situation, possibilities, probabilities,
risks, options, costs versus resources, long/short term goals, verify and challenge assumptions,
unlearn and relearn, identify problems to solve, self-disillusion to move up;
(b) Stick to the Core whenever possible; when stuck, venture to the shells for Hints;
(c) Estimate the probability of everythingevery person, action, event, relationship, etc.
(d) Estimate other peoples Highest floor level to help, suppress mine and take advantage of
theirs to manipulate them, or be cautious of them, or hide and fake a Lower-than-yourself level;
Estimate other peoples level of consciousness to help, persuade, or manipulate them;
(e) Raise floor level when stuck at Low levels, for upper hand, to break through, not to mind
Low fluctuations;
(f) Collect and develop from Insights/Hints to technical details; combine top-down and bottomup approaches; combine high-prob knowledge to create High insight/new knowledge; search for
local/global weaknesses to fill/benefit from (for resources for the sake of going High).
2. There is simpler three-step system to go High:
(a) Look down: Always ask why, question the obvious, challenge and verify your own judgments,
dont hesitate to unlearn and relearn.

(b) Look up: Try to make sense of what is happening around you on a larger scale (national,
regional, international). Take note of contrasting views and search for a theory to unify them.
(c) Look left and right: Explore horizontally. When you have explored a number of rooms on
your Highest floor, you will get a Hint of what lies up next. Specifically, if you find
someone/something so special, try to look for people/things equally special, until you conclude
that one is not so special and realize something bigger.
(d) Change your environment to gather left and right materials (on the current top floor): travel,
meet new people, join new groups, do extra jobs, etc.
3. Be AGNOSTIC to true understanding, free will, consciousness, whether the
Singularity is near or not, and almost everything[50].
4. Energy up:
When need be/being stuck or struggling on a floor, you have to raise the Conceptual
level/physical energy level of your plan, strategy, action, or technology to solve a large
collection of problems (that is, to make large collection of possibilities converge at a desired
outcome) rather than solve them one by one[57]. There is a term in IT called kludge for Low
level solution/fix to describe when you have to debug and patch a program little by little. When
the program code has got too messy, theres no choice but to come up with Higher algorithms
that utilize Deeper mathematics.
That requires you to take your eyes off individual problems, and take a different perspective
(preferably an S-Hard one) at the set of problems and their patterns. When you have risen to the
desired level, we have to worry less about what happens at Lower level in MOST cases (not all).
However, you still have to go down (Low/Deep) when a Low and rare event/bug arises or when
a dark room below is lit and exploited by foreign parties against you (metaphorically speaking,
someone else got in, blow it up, causing you to crumble). You want to go down to fix things as
fast as possible to continue going up.
In North Korea, its High to use nuclear weapon as a deterrence means to live well without need
to bother with working. But there are too many weaknesses inside the country that we are
directing energy to in order to break them from inside until they cave in.
5. If you and your teammates ever agree to sit down and map your discussion points on the SP, it
would literally put you and them on the same page and never have to argue with each other again.
People should stop claiming things without collective evidence. You can mentally picture your
consciousness overlapping with that of your conversation partner, and zero in on fundamental
differences which you or that person cannot reason beyond (Soft spots). For example, my father
died from tobacco, so theres no talking me into supporting BATs causes.
6. There will be no need for feminism or any movement against stereotyping. Just post Women
are mentally unstable, inconsistent, and marry for money and see how it fares. If this insight
turns out to be high-prob based on facts and real life accounts then there are really a substantial
number of people like that out there. If that were the case, wonderful women should learn to
ignore all bad instances of their kind altogether and focus on polishing their own personal brands.

7. Think of everything in terms of possibilities and probabilities; think like a poker player or
portfolio investment banker; never underestimate or overestimate anything again; be honest
when the benefits of honesty exceed those of deception and deceive when the rewards of not
conforming to rules outstrip those of honesty.
8. My 2nd personal motto on planningweigh emotion, weigh karma, weigh the weighing.
Is your emotion or emotional expression beneficial? If yes, plan ahead so that when you become
emotional, things will still go as planned. Is hurting someone or helping someone worth it? If its
worth more than a lottery ticket, do it. If not, do otherwise. But is this over-planning? Apparently
you dont have all the time on Earth to come up with the best strategy. So you have to think
ahead as much as possible so that when an emergency arises, you can come up with a solution as
fast as possible. Also, come up with an algorithm which stops when it deems the risks of further
planning higher than the benefits.
9. Dont raise your level too recklessly unless you have prepared its foundations. If you skip
Lower problems, you may cave in. If you cant even feed yourself, you cant save the world. If
you dont solve public ignorance, you can never concentrate enough funding and market
incentives for scientists to develop and make clean energy available to everyone. Very intelligent
people have a knack for skipping levels of consciousness and they are suffering. For example,
activists and scientists still cannot push through their most thoughtful solutions simply because
their democracy-powered countrymen and leaders cannot wrap their mind around them. At the
same time, seeing more and more CERN physicists showing up in the public, on Discovery
Channel, Twitter, Facebook and Google Hangouts is a sign that they are having to trade off their
precious research time for public attention to alleviate funding shortage, because more global
capital is flowing into entertainment industries. We cant launch ships into space before settling
things on Earth. You can hardly bypass and survive the Low risks to go straight High.
10. Always conduct analysis sufficiently to strike a balance between: breaking rules and
following rules, long and short term benefit, betrayal and loyalty, honesty and deception, killing
and saving, hiding and revealing, eating rice and not eating rice. If eating rice is risky according
to you, do you have what it takes to change your diet? Or you have to eat rice and work hard for
a few more years to afford some better alternatives?
11. If someones big goal is your small goal then pretend its your big goal too.
12. If I set a deadline for the submission of this paper in 3 months, I would never finish this
paper. But if I set it in only one month, I would treat this paper as a matter of life-or-death
(which really is to me), burn my health to make it in time at all cost, and indulge in no
entertainment, leisure (Soft) or read unrelated scientific subjects (Hard).
13. Resolve all arguments. My favorite example is Hitler. How can you consolidate the views of
a person who knows only good things about Hitler and one who knows only bad things about
Hitler? They would tell each other that you dont know everything I know and thus have no
right to argue with me. People who talk about things they know the listeners dont know
consistently display overconfidence, dominate the conversation and shut out objections. So the
solution to their argument is obviousmap everything each of them knows. For example, by
merging two equally high-prob theories good Hitler and bad Hitler, I can arrive at a Higher
theory that Hitler was neither good or bad, but an inevitable historical phenomenon resulted from

the complex context in Germany following WWI, i.e. without Hitler, someone else at the time
would have stood up and caused a global catastrophe of equal scale.
Skip to Philosophy of Weaknesses[58]

[55]

X. CONSCIOUSNESS OF DANGER

A conscious level High enough to perceive danger is important to compel humans to stick to the
Core. Humans are always facing countless layers of danger but most people are not conscious
enough to act accordingly, which caused a series of frustration that led me to the conception of
the SP. When I became conscious of climate change and other environmental issues, my peers in
university hadnt, so I joined the environmental movement alone. When I became conscious of
the limitations of purely environmental solutions, my fellow activists hadnt, so I pursued
multidisciplinary knowledge alone. When I became conscious of the problems beyond
technology affecting the path the Singularity, Singularitarians hadnt. So Im writing this.
You take the blue pill, the story ends, you wake up in your bed and believe whatever you want
to believe. You take the red pill, you stay in Wonderland, and I show you how deep the rabbit
hole goes. - The Matrix (1999)
Hollywood has never ceased to inspire people to realize that they are always living in some sort
of waking dream, idealistic illusion, immersive deception and so on. Inception (2012) warned
that they can be inside more than one layers of illusion, contrived by their parents, the
government, big corporations, super rich families, Nature, or even themself. For example, many
believe that I have a happy family, Im the center of the universe, If I hurt no one, no one
will hurts me, Were living in peace, All of my countrys enemies are evil, We have as
much time on Earth as we want, and I have free will.
They can only break out of a layer of illusion when they have acquired enough information to
become conscious of how everything works in the small world inside the illusional walls within
which they are trapped, and be able to predict what happens next. In other words, they have to go
paradigm-Higher[56].
To do so, against people who hide information against them, they must seek information from all
possible sources, to know exactly what kind of danger they are facing and act accordingly. Most
people these days sit idly around because of their serious lack of consciousness. If experts choose
to wake people up by giving speeches, I want people to use the SP and wake up themselves.
The SP will leverage the power of knowledge and knowing to a maximum. Users are open to the
Highest and highest-prob insights that give everyone a glimpse into the dark Top in order to
align all actions in their life accordingly. The differences will be very subtle compared to when
they were living in ignorance. If someone asks me Do you want to know things that you know
that you can do nothing about, such as the plan of Illuminati? I would respond Hell yeah! Who
knows when I can do something about them? Break them, join them, replace them, or surpass
them!

[64][63][28][58]

XI. PHILOSOPHY OF WEAKNESSES

The SP is scary, because there are countless rooms to light. If someone lights a room you
havent, it becomes your relative weakness to that person. No matter how High you are, you
cant always rely on your Highest knowledge, which supersede most Lower knowledge, to solve
every Lower problem. You plan/tool based on such knowledge may help you succeed most of
time but, in some cases, bugs will appear, analogous to a literal bug in a High-tech computer.
Even the most advanced systems these days have to be regularly debugged/tested lest being
hacked[60]. You can be considered invincible if you have the only gun in the town, but anyone
can defeat you with as easy as a kick in the crotch unless you train properly every day.
Theoretically, a weakness has the potential to affect ALL rooms above it. In social terms, it can
cause damage to all people who have lit any room above and have not lit the room in question.
The Deeper (relatively) that room is, the more damage it may cause, e.g. the Heartbleed bug
unfolded early this year. The one who lit the room has the option to share it for little recognition
and reward, or exploit it for more. Its easiest to think of weaknesses as vulnerabilities in
computer sciences, which are most documented. In the future, weaknesses in life sciences will be
potentially much more debilitating.
Exclusively-lit relatively-Deep room, bug, hole, loophole, gap, vulnerability, weaknessthe
lingo is endless, but the concept is universal. Lets call it weakness.
Weaknesses everywhere
Weaknesses are mostly exposed for exploitation/fixing under extreme/life-or-death conditions
such as war[61]. Nevertheless, they can be every bit and piece of information you miss every
day. [62]If you overestimate your security and don't block your door sufficiently, a thief can pick
the lock and break in. If you miss a piece of information about the company whose stocks you
own due to lack of connections, you lose money. If you find a hole in the law system, exploit it
and make sure not to be discovered, you can beat the system and get rich. If your neighbor
is good at electrical engineering, he can steal your electricity. If you don't check your children's
DNA, you may end up raising someone else's kids. If your IT system is imperfect, a hacker will
find and exploit it or extort you. If you are ugly, someday a stranger may find his fist in your face.
If a person hates you and you dont know, when a situation arises, he will do everything within
his abilities to harm you. When I was an environmentalist, if one of my fellows vandalized or
swore before the press camera like an illiterate dropout, I would look worse in the public eyes.
Such person was my weakness. Every time a Vietnamese steals from a local grocery in a foreign
country, I would look worse there. They count as my weakness.
The State of Israel is a perfect example of a brilliant people having their weaknesses exposed
continuously and having what it takes to fix all of them. For example, the Yom Kippur war that
happened on Yom Kippur, the holiest day in Judaism, reminded Israelis of whats more
important to survival than praying, and led to the institution of the Talpiot program to recruit the
best of the best humans in all faculties in Israel to defend the nation and more. They fixed their
weaknesses (the holy day), and their scientific and technological breakthroughs while Hardrushing fluidly found their way into the global markets since no country could have all
conditions met to get that High. With those breakthroughs, their alumni and those of Unit
8200another Israeli miraclefound leading companies in the world such as NICE and Check

Point. US Army recently bought the Iron Dome from Israela technology that only a country
showered with rockets on a daily basis could develop. Besides war, it used to be a matter of lifeor-death for this nation to grow food on dessert. Now one of their leading companies Netafim is
exporting their agricultural technology to the whole world, their wastewater recycling rate of
72% being the highest in the world.
Inherent weaknesses
However, how about inherent weaknesses? What if Im smart and rich, but short and weak? Just
knowing that doesnt improve anything. Isnt there a permanent, no matter how small, chance
that one day I will be toyed around and killed in humiliation by a brainless big thug? In order to
ensure my absolute survival, I must become meta-Highmastering all knowledge on all floors
below my conscious levelto be smart and rich enough to make myself big and strong.
However, the meta-High concept should always be regarded as a goal rather than a realistic
description of anyone/anything that may exist at all. Turning myself into a macho fighter capable
warding off one whoever attempts on my life is not inefficient, considering how limited my
resources and how many more floors I have to master to be truly meta-High.
However, theres no need to be desperate. Most powerful elites in world raise enough layers of
High protection around themselves to seal off their weakness which is their fragile beings. To
defeat them and survive, attackers must also master High floors to break away from the grasp of
their High protection, which diminished the attackers incentives to perform the attack at all. In
case of network vulnerabilities, the one to exploit weaknesses of the systems must be High
enough to succeed and survive eventually. However, the High people in the society have
contained the risks of these potential weaknesses so well with their High knowledge that no one
who had the relatively Deep skills to exploit the weakness also had the High skills to escape
justice. There were countless instances of hackers, including members of the Anonymous group,
getting caught for their miscalculations.
Case study
Robocop (2014) provides a suitable context to discuss weakness insulation and other aspects of
weakness. In the universe of the movie, lets presume that robots were so advanced that they
surpassed human officers in every category and on all Conceptual levels (S-Hard). However,
humans still didnt trust robots. Its not because of any robotic deficiencies, but because humans
couldnt trust anything without human emotions/conscience to judge life rightly (Soft). So the
Company combined a man with a machine to create a robot which has identity and emotions but
operate most of the time under full influence of the computer, all for the sake of gaining public
trust (Hard). The High people in the company knew that they had to give people what they can
root for, something aspirational, something they think they can understand and believe in.
Humans inability to trust superior thinking machines could be viewed as an inherent weakness.
They were worried that if a robots Conceptual level is lower than that of a human then it cannot
judge life-or-death situations correctly, but they didnt know that if a robot is Higher than a
human then saving that humans life would be of less a significance to that robot. So instead of
being satisfied with robots markedly higher performance compared to human officers, people
complained. As a result, the Hard solution abovea robot which regains emotions after duty to
appeal to the inherent weakness of the masseswas adopted to facilitate the societys

transitioning from Soft to S-Hard. Because the citizens WANT to believe that Robocop can be
emotional all the time (not just after duty) or else they wouldnt embrace Robocop in the first
place, they and the Robocop himself had to have High facts withheld from them by High people.
This weakness is very human, very Soft. While the Core is every packed (few dark rooms, few
weaknesses), the Soft shell has a lot. Thus most weaknesses are Soft. Robocop was a Hard
product, but the public thought he was a Soft producta robot with human emotions all the time.
The public couldnt understand that a robot with human emotions all the time cannot be both
optimal to fighting crime and appealing to the weakness of the masses at the same time. Robocop
couldnt fight crime all day when his wife kept telling him to visit their weak-minded son. Both
the public and this wife kept sticking to the weakness, which hindered the progress of crime
fighting. The damage of this weakness is two-foldbecause, as long as it exists, it causes more
and more crime, because criminals exist to capitalize on such weaknesses.
It showed that inherent weaknesses were causing humans desires (less crime and emotional
crime fighters) to contradict themselves, reducing the efficiency of the whole human systems,
becoming the reasons/incentives for crime to take place in the first place. The movie also showed
and reminded us that humans can be bribed, corrupt, irrational because of love, bent on revenge,
or careless when loved ones were in danger. If humans are already full of weaknesses, then our
biggest one would be our tendency to hold onto our weaknesses and call that being human.
I have to admit that for myselfI want to party hard, smoke weed, be loved, have sex, etc.and
I cant imagine my life without these activities even though each of them exposes me to dangers.
Despite everything, at our humans current conscious level, weaknesses can still become
strengths. Emotion, ego, fear, instinct, bias, compassion, tress, tension, hysteria, or anxiety can
be a debuff at times, but a buff at others. In fact, fear is the fuel of Hard-rushing. However,
in the future, AIs will be able to reproduce that effect. Emotions and other human qualities will
become exponentially less efficient compared to AIs as we get nearer to the top. AIs will Hardclimb so much faster than humans. Therefore, at some point, if humans decide to take a rest and
indulge in sensual activities, they will come back to find AIs a few levels Higher than before.
The Inevitable
What I have discussed above is not to zero in on apparent solutions, but to encourage you to
acknowledge and accept natural laws and the inevitable future resulting from them.
Any knowledge/technology can be weaponized/put in bad use by criminals/terrorists/hackers as
long as the weaknesses inherent to us as a species (emerging from both our brains and biological
bodies) exist as targets for entities with fewer weaknesses to exploit and benefit from.
I have always been trying to alert Singularitarians of an S-Hard Insight that exponential
technologies will entail exponential weaknesses as they guarantee exponentially widening gaps
and holes in our knowledge, just like a fast growing IT system harboring more and more
vulnerabilities for hackers to exploit. Higher power (authority, money), technology (Internet of
Things, synbio), and conscious level (realization of profit from destruction) will introduce access
to a whole new set of dark rooms belowweaknesses.

Only with a powerful information tool such as the SP can we ascend High enough to come up
with not just strategies to avert each exponential catastrophe but even much Higher plan to seal
off our weaknesses completely to a point that all catastrophes will be predicted.
The SP as a game
Why do you have to play the SP? Because it contains an incomplete theory about itself! If you
use the SP but there's something you do not know about the SP, it will become your weakness. It
will remind you that you reek of weaknesses and had better hurry up High!
The Higher you get, the more you feel like playing a game. You interactions with knowledge at
such levels will bring about enormous consequences. Also, its worth noting that the moment
High dark rooms (dark secret of the government, military, and corporations) are open to you and
the public, those rooms' first explorersthe Highest masterminds will have moved up to the next
floors. This race will be a matter of life-or-death.
But dont worry, the (literal) bottom line is the SP (up to about Scopic rank 7) will provide a
paradigm-High knowledge service and learning experience compared to Wikipedia, and the SP
will be on its way to becoming the singular destination for information on the web. My only
intention is to prove the power of knowing and empower everyone, giving everyone another tool
to close the gap between them and those near the Top.
The chance is for everyone, but the reward is not. Since this also holds true in the AI
endgame[66] (a machine-only scenario), its an S-Hard Insight (if you skipped that part, its your
weakness). Whoever strives to follow S-Hard Insights can bring Soft-drifting to a minimum and
be the fastest to reach the Top. If you choose to absorb the ideas in this paper and future ideas
acquired through using the SP, we will all achieve the mindset it takes to arrive at the
Singularitywhat I called the Singularity Mindset.
Skip to the last main sections[67]

XII. INTERPRETATIONS & NOTES

[11]

The Singularity is expected to be near the Top, but not literally at the Top. The Theory of
Everything should be comparatively closer to the Top. I doubt humans will survive to witness
what lies at the Top.

[12]

Its not because they are not smart and logical enough to reason beyond their own
assumptions but because they have been too focused in their fields of specialization, not open to
new streams of information, and got used to a tunnel narrow view. Most awakened elites hide in
the dark.

[14]

Roadmap to the Singularity: By the time you have finished the main sections of this paper,
you must have absorbed more or less most principles to go Higher and Higher towards the Top.
We will only note here the principles to reach there with maximum efficiency, i.e. up the Core.
1. Stick to the Core as fear channeling: Only during life-or-death situations do people stick
to the Core. We are all facing life-or-death threats and existential danger which very few are
conscious of. Wethe most conscious feware thus always operate in a state similar to going
to war. My personal adopted motto is think fast, act fast, think always, and act always. For
those who do otherwise, theres no choice but to inject some fear into them[55]. Time to go
Harder.
2. Sacrifice: We cant all adopt the same optimal algorithm of avoiding high risks. There have to
be people to take the riskswith time, money, relationship, health, or even life at staketo
shoot themselves High into the dark. Nevertheless, one only sacrifices for two thingsincentives,
and fake incentives.
3. Self-leveling GAs: Integrate AIs into the SP to alternate box-down and limit-up continuously.
That way, we can light all rooms below the current Conceptual level limit, leaving no
vulnerability behind before raising the limit and venturing into the Higher level.
4. Since size matters, we have to make physical space for inflating data storage.

[15]

Over the next five years or so, all of educationK-12, college, and graduate schoolwill be
online, in every major language. Companies like Google and others are working to bring very
low cost, or no cost, Internet to everyone in the world. In the future, we will see very high quality
education, both in terms of online education with human thinkers, as well as computer-assisted
instruction by artificial intelligence, thus providing higher quality education to everyone. There
will need an educational hut to arrange that huge amount of high quality education in one place
so that users can record and share their life of learning in a single place.

[8]

An incomplete list of my questions in life in four main sets:

1. The structure of knowledge: How can I put all knowledge in the same picture? The whole
picture comprises of all fields. People are going up and down without anticipating where to
meet halfway in order to hold hands and walk up to the Top together. Why didnt high school
teachers teach mathematics, physics, chemistry, and biology as a seamless body of science
where biology emerges from chemistry, which in turn emerges from physics, while
mathematics is the seed of science that describes everything? In theoretical physics, why
didnt scientists from two camps (string theorists who go bottom up and model builders who
go top down) work hand in hand trying to meet somewhere in the middle? If scattered in the
body of religious knowledge to date are tiny pearls of truth/real knowledge then how should
they be positioned compared to scientific knowledge? Should scientists take leaps of faith for
unlikely breakthroughs? What does it take to draw a roadmap to the Singularity?

2. The map of a humans consciousness:[3] Why cant big minds agree on everything with each
other? Why are some of the most intelligent people I know in their fields so nave and
ignorant in worldly matters, and not conscious at all of the hidden danger threatening our
lives every second? How can I convince very intelligent people who have huge ego to sit
down and point out their elusive deficiencies in order to work out real solutions together?
How can I make people who love or hate Hitler or other monstrous historical figures that
they were inevitable existence born out of the contexts of history rather than good or bad
people? How can I prove the relative and probabilistic nature of the reality (nothing is
absolutely true and everything is governed by a probabilistic distribution)? Do levels of
consciousness exist (People of higher level of consciousness are exposed to certain
knowledge that enables them to realize things closer to truth or on a larger physical scale.)
and how can I visualize someones consciousness? How can I really put myself in someones
shoes to understand why that persons view is so glaringly contrasting to mine?
3. The reason for variety: Why are people still enjoying 2D games (Flappy Bird) while there are
so many awesome 3D games? Why not create the best thing but the best things? Why cant I
have a one-size-fits-all all-time strategy? Why do people suddenly fall in love with retrostyled music or fashion? Why do we still have martial arts while we have weapons? What
exactly do the arts of gardening, dancing, gourmet cooking, fine dining, fashion, photography,
poetry, etc. contribute to the humans progress towards the Singularity? Why are there
always people who over-appreciate particular inane forms of art (Mark Rothkos black-onblackabstract expressionismor Kasimir Malevichs white-on-whitesuprematism) and
junk teen bestsellers (Beth Reekless The Kissing Booth and Maya Van Wagenens Vintage
Wisdom for a Modern Geek)? Why were those twoBeth Reekles and Maya Van Wagenen
two among The 16 Most Influential Teens of 2013? Why could Nikita Singh become such
a best-selling Indian novelist if her best known works were named as Love@Facebook
(2011), Accidentally in LoveWith Him? Again? (2011), If It's Not Forever...It's Not
Love (2012), The Promise (2012), Someone Like You (2013), The Unreasonable
Fellows (2013), Right Here Right Now (2014)?
4. The nature of war and peace: Why does war exist? Does absolute peace exist? Why do
people fight? Are all kinds of violence and crime (robbery, murder, protest, IT hacking, etc.)
in peace just another manifestation of war? Why do we need red team exercises in computer
science and life sciences? As long as there is profit in war, can there really be no more war?
Why were there many scientific breakthroughs in war that lead to the invention of the
computer and the Internet? What are the benefits of war? What exactly did wars contribute to
the collective sum of human knowledge? How did the process of developing weapons and
defense systems against certain weapons and uncertainty contribute to the collective sum of
human knowledge? Isnt it true every time a hacker found and exploited a security
vulnerability for profit, the vulnerability will be fixed and the IT system got one step closer
to perfection? Isnt all kinds of damage and losses the costs of collective improvement and
perfection?

[16]

Business model:

Free of charge: research activities (able to keep track of frequent content updates), data mining,
AI testing (pay if discontinued due to low content endorsement rate), and Home SP for
personal/organizational uses.
Charging fee: advanced analytic/predictive software (document parsing, market niche brute force
search, like-minded partner search), result sharing from AI developers, education (affiliate
institution rating, users learn-point reset following course graduation), assess to hidden Pyrofiles
(pay to Pyrofiles owners who are willing to sell their content), headhunting (candidate search,
assessment), job requirement analysis (based on current employees), media (paid by journalists
and news outlets who use SP format), etc.

[22]

One thing in RPG games that I think reflects real life is the separation of a character's two
attributes Intelligence and Wisdom. I have met very intelligent people who are experts in their
fields but naive and ignorant in most worldly matter. They could make instant calculation or
draw very complex blueprints of buildings and machineries but couldn't understand why the
Titanic sank or why 11/9 happened or how disaster capitalism worked.
Many intellectual elders in my country think that Americans simply waged wars in our country
out of monetary greed. In most cases, high Wisdom requires high Intelligence, but not vice versa.
Its easier to imagine an entity with extreme intelligent rather than extreme wisdom. For example,
the ultra-intelligent character Schn in Macroscope (1969) spent time playing games and doing
things perfectly whose Conceptual level never seemed to exceed a certain threshold.
On the other hand, the evil genius in Oliver Embertons to-be-published novel is comparably
wiser to advance his agenda and dominate the world, laying the foundation for his descendants to
achieve even more. Deriving from important concepts in the SP, I have attempted to redefine
Wisdom (which is largely based on the Highest floor level one has reached) and Intelligence[23].

[24]

Compared to Google Knowledge Vault: People as users are evolving/interactive part of the
picture rather than just static objects, Big picture, utilization of high human subjective insights
rather than just objective knowledge, the purpose is not ask me anything, Guided knowledge:
up for unifying theories to explain everything below, down for derive and verify assumption
(what constitute your view) and reconcile views and create foundations for up, in to save time
and prepare the stage for up. Prove something or explain something. If Google's mission is to
organize the world's information, the SPs mission is to organize the collective body of human
knowledge.

[25]

Although chemistry is theoretically based on physics and could be derived entirely from
physics, this would be unwieldy and infeasible in practice, so chemistry has established its own
rules and models. Similarly, we should be able to deduce the laws of thermodynamics from
physics, but once we have a sufficient number of particles to call them a gas rather than simply a
bunch of particles, solving equations for the physics of each particle interaction becomes
hopeless, whereas the laws of thermodynamics work quite well. Biology likewise has its own

rules and models. A single pancreatic islet cell is enormously complicated, especially if we
model it at the level of molecules; modeling what a pancreas actually does in terms of regulating
levels of insulin and digestive enzymes is considerably less complex. [Kurzweil 2012]

[26]

American scientist Herbert A. Simon, in describing an AI program called EPAM, wrote in

1973 that to understand the mysterious EPAM program, he would provide us with three versions
of the explanation. One would be the form in which it was actually written (programming
language) with its whole structure of routines and subroutines. Alternatively, he could provide us
with a machine-language version of EPAM after the whole translation had been carried out. The
third would be the electromagnetic equations and boundary conditions that the computer, viewed
as a physical system, would have to obey while behaving as EPAM. That would be an acme of
reduction and incomprehensibility. [Kurzweil 2012]

[29]

The expert manager was itself a software program that was programmed to learn the strengths
and weaknesses of these different systems by examining their performance in real-world
situations. It was based on the notion that these strengths were orthogonal; that is, one system
would tend to be strong where another was weak. Indeed, the overall performance of the
combined systems with the trained expert manager in charge was far better than any of the
individual systems.

[36]

Bouncing between the Deep and the High:

High applications of mathematics in engineering and theoretical physics have driven much
development in Deep mathematics. Conversely, a Deep achievement in mathematics, logic, or
algorithm can usher a cascade of High technological wonders. In fact, the Highest theories
mostly depended on invention of more mathematics and more mathematics is always wanted to
develop Higher theories. Computer scientists regularly bounce between developing Deep
algorithms (for the software) and building faster computers/networks based on High technologies
(for the hardware). In far future, I speculate that development of Deep computronium language
will optimize calculations of High ToE equations.
One of my favorite bounce happened when I learned about the probabilistic nature of reality
through the equations of wave functions and Schrdinger's equation (Deep). Thereafter, I only
describe things as probable rather than accurate. I also realized that if wave functions really
never collapse then the reality that we perceive is merely the interference between all the wave of
every quantum in our brain and body with that of every quantum in the universe. I found a
probable allegory in Youngs double-lid experiment with photons, where the visible light bands
are the reality while the waves of the photons are always present but invisible. That means
everything is predetermined, which resonates Einsteins quote God doesnt play dice. Yes, he
doesnt play dice because he has known the dices wave function and all of its possibilities!
Hence my original expansion of Einsteins quote God doesnt play dice, because He sees all
sides at once and the huge dice showing three sides with a dark top on the 1st page of this paper.

[42]

Abstraction in mathematics is the process of extracting the underlying essence of a

mathematical concept, removing any dependence on real world objects with which it might
originally have been connected, and generalizing it so that it has wider applications or matching
among other abstract descriptions of equivalent phenomena. Two of the most highly abstract
areas of modern mathematics are category theory and model theory. One of the advantages of
abstraction is: It reveals deep connections between different areas of mathematics. Known results
in one area can suggest conjectures in a related area. Techniques and methods from one area can
be applied to prove results in a related area.

[43]

If a perfect AI is created and run, it can eventually fill out the Core, which is just enough
knowledge on each level to reach the top of the pyramid. Unfortunately, since humans are living
organisms, in order to stay alive and productive, we need entertainment, tasty food, fun, joy, love,
fashion, touch, art, photography, fiction, sex, reward, music, flower, bar, club, firework, emotion,
party, movies/books that elaborate trivial life philosophies (Mr. Nobody, Cloud Atlas), etc.
Humans have to fill up Soft, Hard, and S-Hard knowledge simultaneously until the Core has
what it takes to build the SS that will in turn fill up the rest of the Core.

[44]

According to the law of accelerating returns, by the end of this century we will be able to
create computation at the limits of what is possible, based on the laws of physics as applied to
computation. We call matter and every organized in this way computronium, which is vastly
more powerful pound per pound than the human brain. It will not just be raw computation but
will be infused with intelligent algorithms. The potential of matter to compute is also governed
by a very small number, Plancks constant 6.6x10-34 joule-seconds. This is the smallest scale at
which we can apply energy for computation. We obtain the theoretical limit of an object to
perform computation by dividing the total energy by Plancks constant. Lloyd shows how the
potential computing capacity of a kilogram of matter equals pi times energy divided by Plancks
constant. Since the energy is such a large number and Plancks constant is so small, this equation
generates an extremely large number: about 5x1050 operations per second. [Kurzweil 2012]

[45]

Quotes on the language of thought:

I very rarely think words at all. A thought comes, and I may try to express it in words
afterwards. Albert Einstein.
As we experience our own thoughts and memories, we know what they mean, but they do not
exist as readily explainable thoughts and recollections. If we want to share them with others, we
need to translate them in to language. [Kurzweil 2012]

[47]

Why a probability distribution of probabilities (PDP) but not simply a probability distribution
or probability or just a Boolean value of true and false? Its simpleto provide more information.
I could have used a probability distribution of probability distributions of probability
distributions of Unfortunately, I dont think most people would find such level of complexity
meaningful and useful. If a room has a tentative representative probability of 50%, a PDP would
suffice to help you distinguish (1) everyone has the some opinions, e.g. everyone rated 50%,
from (2) everyone has a different opinion, e.g. ratings are evenly distributed from 0% to 100%,
and (3) there are two opposite camps, e.g. half of the ratings are for 0% and half for 100%. In a
heavy-hearted example, the more evidence my ex-girlfriend showed me to disprove her
adulterous acts, the more likely it is that she is either completely innocent or so extremely High
level that she could continuously deceive me up to that point (two extremes on the scale of
honesty). It turned out to be the latter but I wasnt so surprised.

[56]

Each level presents a new set of problems, questions, and answers to previous questions. The
problems you are solving right now (e.g. climate change, poverty, war) may just be the surface
caused by Higher problemsso they can either never be solved completely, or re-emerge after
you have solved them.
Well, the fact is, reality is slow to get to you. Deeper problems take longer to affect you, and
require more intelligence to solve. By affect, I mean be fatal to. Most probably only halfway
through that process will life have become so hard to live that you are as good as dead.
Starvation can hit you in 24 hours, cancer a few months to a few years, unstable job as long as 20
years, climate change 50 years, overpopulation (and public ignorance) 55 years, energy crisis 75
years, resource crisis 90 years, Theory of Everything 150 years, dying Earth more than 500
million years, dying Sun 5.4 billion years.
From the quarrels next door, to the killings of Osama Bin Laden, to a deliberate collusion
between powerful people in a secret bunker, to the fact that the Earth under your feet is flying at
30km/s around the Sun. However, these rooms are just knowledge rather than consciousness.
Consciousness requires more complete foundations of knowledge to answer in-depth to
questions such as why quarrel is part of a relationship, to how used-up people can be labeled
as whatever and killed, to how elites conspire in their best interests, to where and what we
are in the universe, to God doesnt play dice, because He sees all sides at once.
For an unnecessarily lengthy explanation, please refer to my Iceberg Forum.

[59]

It would be extremely difficult to interpret what these higher level patterns meant without
actually copying all of the information at every level into our own cortex. Thus each pattern in
our neocortex is meaningful only in light of all the information carried in the levels below it. if
we were able to detect the pattern activations in someones neocortex, we would still have little
idea what those pattern activations meant without also having access to the entire hierarchy of
patterns below each activated pattern. That would pretty much require access to that persons
entire neocortex. [Kurzweil 2012]

[61]

Those who can't fix their weaknesses in war either perish or have to compensate for them with
more strengths. In three common types of war:
1. Violent war: armed conflict between countries, colloquially referred to as "war". All kinds of
weaknesses in strategy, intelligence, discipline, mental toughness, technologies, risk
management, etc. are exposed on the battlefield. If you can't defend against just a single type of
projectile, it's a weakness. If your bullets can't pierce through enemy's walls, it's a weakness.
They are exploited and fixed. That's how warfare evolves. But this type of war is the most costly
and thus the last resort a country has to employ after all other types of war have failed.
This may sound ridiculous but have you ever imagined what happens if we are attacked by
aliens, literally? That's when we need flawless "weapons" and flawless "armors." And the only
way to achieve anything "flawless" is to constantly looking for and fixing flaws or weaknesses.
As a result, we always fight among ourselves, because no one simply looks others' weaknesses
without being able to benefit from exploiting such weaknesses. Since human beings are eternally
at war with nature/uncertainties, we never who what may come at us. That's why we are
subconsciously developing the best "weapons" and "armors" in the event of existential threats by
fighting among ourselves.
2. Political war: boycott, assassination, and any kind of political pressure. If someone can
pressure you in any way, it's your weakness. One only resorts to violent war if one has failed the
political war.
3. Economic war: by financial, monetary, or competitive means. After failing the Vietnam
(violent) war, the US reverted to fighting the economic (and political) war by impoverishing the
country in the most subtle way, exploiting the incompetence and ignorance of its people. Luxury
brands open branch offices to drain this country's capital through government officials who
lavish on Ferrari, Bentley, LV, etc. People here also can't create good enough businesses to
compete with US companies (just good enough to drain their own ignorant people). These are all
weaknesses. The Israelis had an even lower starting point but they were evolutionary masters
who could fix all of their weaknesses to climb to the top. In Start-up Nation you can find how all
sorts of war (especially violent war) continuously expose the Israelis' weaknesses and forced
them to fix them or perish.
4. My definition of war extends beyond the common scope to include a 4th type of warthe
most fundamental and most subtle one: the "war in all aspects of life", involving any invisible
transfer of resources that takes place every heartbeat[62]. This type of war shares many
characteristics with economic war (each type of war shares characteristics with adjacent ones, e.g.
political war can be both violent and economic). The victims of this type of war are not killed.
They are only ripped of something (mostly financial resources), forced down the bottom of the
society, and occasionally driven to optionally kill themselves.

XIII. EXAMPLES

[6]

Limitations of Wikipedia: users ratings are equally weighted; information is linearly sorted
with no meaningful order; has semantic structures but presents no big picture. Solutions: take
user credentials into account, and add three dimensions.

[7]

Limitations of Google: ratings are based on the pages quality rather than the knowledges
probability; information is linearly sorted with no meaningful order; has the Knowledge Graph
but no big picture. Solutions: add three dimensions.

[4]

Attaching questions to rooms facilitate verification:

Questions in chemistry:What do we get from a reaction between an acid and a base? What may
happen at low or high temperature, low or high pressure, with one catalyst or more, or in other
exotic conditions?
Broader questions: What is our mission? Is it to survive by expanding and improving our
habitat? We can achieve that with technology. Technology is converging at exponential rate but
its not made happened by Moore or God. It only happens if we prepare the ground for it. How
can we that? Do we have enough money and people to work on it? What the risks involved the
make us cease to have enough? Are they political, economic, social, or physical? How can we
minimize them? Why not attract even more investment and brainpower? Where are people
investing the most in? What are brightest people working on? Why are they doing that? What are
their incentives? Which sectors do the demands come from? Who are demand what? Why are
they demanding those but not these? Are they aware of the problem we are trying to solve? Are
they not aware of the existential danger we are aware of? Why cant they be? How can we make
them be? What are the costs of doing so? By the way, what are we trying to solve? Who are we
trying to help? Why are we helping them? Are they the same? What are the costs? Can we afford
the costs? How much do the costs vary according to who and how many we help? What are the
risks involved with the costs? Can we take the risks? How can we reduce the costs? What and
who are hindering our progress? How can we stop them from hindering us? What are the
options? What are the costs of each option? Which one can we afford? How much do we need?
Who do we need? How can we get that much and the people we need? Whom should we be
honest to and whom should we hide things from? Why should we be honest? What are other
criteria and standards besides honesty must we abide by? Why do we have to abide by them?
What are the costs of abiding by them? Can we afford them? Do they matter more than our
survival? Is it OK to be extinct?

[18]

Leading intellectuals with contrasting views:

There are countless examples of disagreement/never ending arguments between leading

intellectuals in politics, economics, and sciences. Those I stumbled upon lately are between Ray
Kurzweil and David S. Rose on technological unemployment, Ray Kurzweil and Miguel
Nicolelis and Ray Kurzweil and Paul Allen on the plausibility of the Singularity, Deepak Chopra

and Richard Dawkins (though we all know Chopra is mostly wrong), Paul King and Bradley
Voytek over a neuroscience-y answer, etc.
Last month, I sat with an education expert who was a graduate of Harvard Kennedy School. We
turned out to be disagreeing on every single opinion regarding education in our country. I
countered every answer from him with a question and finally arrived at our fundamental
differences. First, he had the wishful thinking that the government HAS TO do good for their
people because they has the authority, money, manpower, and are voted by the people for the
people. When I asked Why do they have to? he could only say Because they have to.
Likewise, he had a jelled assumption that the fault always belonged to the government rather
than the people. It's like blaming movie directors and actors for making junk movies instead of
the audience who paid for junk like that in the first place and did nothing to change that. As I
attempted to change the topic by saying WWII was bad thing, but would we still have
computers and the Internet today if it hadnt happened? he precluded our intellectual discussion
with his emotional account, saying Absolutely nothing good came out of war. I lost my best
friend in the war.
[19]

A mother rat will build a nest for her young even if she has never seen another rat in her
lifetime. Similarly, a spider will spin a web, a caterpillar will create her cocoon, and a beaver
will build a dam, even if no contemporary ever showed them how to accomplish these complex
tasks. That is not to say that these are not learned behaviorsthey learned them over thousands
of lifetimes. The evolution of animal behavior does constitute a learning process, but it is
learning by the species, not by the individual, and the fruits of this learning process are encoded
in DNA. [Kurzweil 2012]

[21]

The Free-lunch Zone emerges from virtually every molecule making up the human body and
their particular arrangement, especially the brain. This is not actually a zone but a scattered set
of knowledge, obtained effortlessly, early, intuitively, unconsciously by humans thanks to the
information encoded in the human genome, aimlessly refined over millions of years of evolution,
including reflexes and instincts. Evidently,the wiring and synaptic strengths within each physical
pattern recognition module of the brain are determined geneticallythat is, the organization
within each pattern recognition module is determined by genetic design. The amount of unique
information after lossless compression as applied to the brain is about 25 million bytes [Kurzweil
2012]. While humans are born with the biggest Free-lunch[34] (25 million bytes), other animals
also enjoy it to some extent[19]. All knowledge in Free-lunch Zone provides Hints to refine
current theories or inspire new theories.Most humans are not conscious of their Free-lunch
because such consciousness requires a Higher conceptual level.

[27]

Simple High rooms:

High theories/models may look very simple and concise, e.g. this equation for intelligence, but if
they are exhaustively expanded, they may be kilometers-long, e.g. the equations of string field
theory.

In another example, there are two approaches you can use to catch a fly ball. The Low
approach is to solve the complex simultaneous differential equations controlling the balls
movement as well as further equations governing your own particular angle in viewing the ball,
and then compute even more equations on how to move your body, arm, and hand to be in the
right place at the right time. The High approach that your brain adopts is to basically simplifies
the problem by collapsing a lot of equations into a simple trend model, considering the trends of
where the ball appears to be in your field of vision and how quickly it is moving within it, It does
the same thing with you, making essential linear predictions of the balls apparent position in
your field of view and that of your hand,. The goal, of course, is to make sure they meet at the
same point in space and time. If the ball appears to be dropping too quickly and your hand
appears to be moving too slowly, your brain will direct your hand to move more quickly, and so
that the trends will coincide. This Gordian knot solution to what would otherwise be an
intractable mathematical problem is called basis functions, and they are carried out by the
cerebellum. [Kurzweil 2012]

[30]

Breakthroughs achieved in war:

In 1939 Turing designed an electronic calculator called Bombe that helped decode messages
that had been encrypted by the Nazi Enigma coding machine. By 1943, an engineering team
influenced by Turing completed what is arguably the first computer, the Colossus, that enabled
the Allies to continue decoding messages from more sophisticated versions of Enigma. It was
on these foundations that John von Neumann created the architecture of the modern computer.
Called the von Neumann machine, it has remained the core structure of essentially every
computer for the past sixty-seven years. [Kurzweil 2012]
There are many examples of breakthroughs in agriculture when soldiers had to camp on dessert,
breakthroughs in robotics to create super-soldiers exoskeletons and provide precision
ammunition delivery with drones, and breakthroughs in computing/network for advances in
cryptography and code-cracking.

[35]

I always thought that since I have High ideas, doing small things to earn a living is so
troublesome and not worth my time. I had to do earn a living anyway or else I would starve to
death. In the process of doing things to earn money and live get interview, do businesses, do
side projects, meet people, bond with partners, negotiate with suppliers, deceive and defeat
competitors, bully newcomers, handle assholes and idiots, exploit the nave, flatter the arrogant,
befriend the wise, fail sometimes, succeed sometimes, throw away lots of dollars, brood over
losing a few dollars, cry, roar, think about suicide, cheat and be cheated, betray and be betrayed,
etc. I gained insights to refine my High ideas and discover even Higher ideas.

[49]

The overriding theme was many paths to the truth, along with tolerance and transcendence.
This last idea meant that resolving apparent contradictions between traditions does not require
deciding that one is right and the other is wrong. The truth can be discovered only by finding an
explanation that overridestranscendsseeming differences, especially for fundamental

questions of meaning and purpose. This is how I resolve the Western-Eastern divide on
consciousness and the physical world. In my view, both perspectives have to be true. [Kurzweil
2012]

[46]

Examples of Insights: Insights are everywhere and becoming increasingly cheap. Were
looking for pearls among the sand.
1. "There is no such thing as society."Margaret Thatcher
2. God dont play dice.Albert Einstein
3. The less government intervention, the better
4. Were living in a money-is-everything world. Rules are created so that the rights to violate
rules can be transacted.
5. A man's judgment cannot be better than the information on which he has based it.Arthur
Hays Sulzberger
6. No one can be trusted.
7. Simplicity is beautiful.
8. Less is more.
9. If you get something easily, you will not treasure it.
10. All lives are equal.

[34]

Examples of Free-lunches:

1. The brain understands that social ties directly correlate to physical securitythe more people
we know, the greater chance we have of finding a mate, a new job, a better future. This is also
one of the reasons we process physical pain in the exact same neuronal regions we process social
painthe systems are strongly coupled. This is also one of the reasons we process physical pain
in the exact same neuronal regions we process social painthe systems are strongly coupled.

[53]

Examples of Hints: Most biological designs that survive time until the present day are for the
sake of our survivability.
1. Human beings deep core capability of recognizing patterns [Kurzweil 2012], which enables
much Free-lunch knowledge.
2. Biomimetics and bionics are two fields that actively take advantage of Natures Hints in order
to refine the design of systems and technology and develop full theories of design.

3. The hierarchical structures in language hint at the hierarchical structure of our thinking and the
neocortext, which in turn hints at the structure of knowledge. The innate ability of humans to
learn the hierarchical structures in language that Noam Chomsky wrote about reflects the
structure of the neocortex. In a 2002 paper he coauthored, Chomsky cites the attribute of
recursion as accounting for the unique language faculty of human species. Recursion,
according to Chomsky, is the ability to put together small parts into a larger chunk, and the use
that chunk as a part in yet another structure, and to continue this process iteratively. In this way
we are able to build the elaborate structures of sentences and paragraphs from a limited set of
words.... the capability he is describing is exactly what the neocortex does. [Kurzweil 2012]
4. Redundancy: The brain uses Shannons principle in storing knowledge, especially important
knowledge, with a substantial amount of redundancy. Popular writers use this too to make their
ideas stick deeper in readers mind. So far I has been too stubborn, sticking to my unreasonably
idealistic rule of one iteration per idea across the whole text, to follow this hint. Now, for the
first time in my life, I repeat important points over and over again in this paper.
5. Sparse coding: The data reduction of biological sensory systems, e.g. the optic nerve. In the
AI field, they found in creating artificial systems that throwing most of the input information
away and retaining only the most salient details provides superior results. Otherwise the limited
ability to process information in the neocortex gets overwhelmed [Kurzweil 2012].
6. Human auditory perceptual system: The processing of auditor information from the human
cochlea through the subcortical regions and then through the early stages of the neocortex has
been meticulously modeled by Lloyd Watts and his research team at Audience, Inc. They have
developed research technology that extracts 600 different frequency bands (60 per octave) from
sound. This comes much closer to the estimate of 3,000 bands extracted by the human cochlea
(compared with commercial speech recognition, which uses only 16 to 32 bands). Using two
microphones and its detailed (and high-spectral resolution) model of auditory processing,
Audience has created a commercial technology (with somewhat lower spectral resolution than its
research system) that effectively removes background noise from conversations. This is now
being used in many popular cell phones and is an impressive example of a commercial product
based on an understanding of how human auditory perceptual system is able to focus on one
sound source of interest [Kurzweil 2012].
7. The whole concept of evolution: random little changes filtered by the environment over
countless generations. This Hint inspires Genetic Algorithms.
8. There is a small amount of leakage from one cortical connection to another, resulting from
the way that biological connections are formed: The electrochemistry of the axons and dendrites
is apparently subject to the electromagnetic effects of nearby connections. Suppose we
conducted such an experiment and found that the cortical circuits worked less effectively without
the neural leakage (or interneural cross talk). We might then conclude that this phenomenon was
a very clever design by evolution and was critical to the cortexs achieving its level of
performance. [Kurzweil 2012]
9. The orderly model of parallel flows of patterns up the conceptual hierarchy and of the
prediction down the hierarchy [Kurzweil 2012].

10. In the eye of a chicken, a new state of matter comes into view. Along with eggs, soup and
rubber toys, the list of the chicken's most lasting legacies may eventually include advanced
materials such as self-organizing colloids, or optics that can transmit light with the efficiency of
a crystal and the flexibility of a liquid.

[54]

Examples of Approxes:

1. Dharmendra Modhas cell-by-cell simulation of the brain is an Approx to Markrams full

brain simulation at molecular level in near future
2. Henry Markram replaced neuron-by-neuron model to modular model of neocortex after
discovering a key module of several dozen neurons that is repeated over and over again in the
neocortex, demonstrating that learning is done by these modules and not by individual neurons.
Kurzweil makes use of an HHMM-based cortex. Before that, Frank Rosenblatts Perceptron was
built from electronic models of neurons.
3. Mendelian inheritance of Gregor Johann Mendel was integrated with chromosome theory of
inheritance of Thomas Hunt Morgan to become the core of classical genetics which is the
Approx of modern genetics based on Deep knowledge of the DNA.
4. Newtonian mechanics (Shallow) is approximation of general relativity (High) and quantum
mechanics (Deep). General relativity (High) and quantum mechanics (Deep) are approximation
of Theory of Everything (High).

Examples of going High:

1. Algebra started with methods of solving problems in arithmetic.
2. High math: mathematics underlying theoretical physics, mathematical models of complex
systems such as the brain, the human immune system, an aircraft, fluids, the financial market,
high-dimensional brane intersection, etc.

Examples of going Deep:

1. In the Principia Mathematica on the foundations of mathematics written by Alfred North
Whitehead and Bertrand Russell, it took a few hundred pages to prove 1+1=2.
2. The systematic search for the foundations of mathematics started at the end of the 19th century
and formed a new mathematical discipline called mathematical logic

[38]

Examples of up-down combination:

1. Type I (bottom-up starts at the current top instead of the bottom): We primed the system with
the intuition of human experts (for the initial settings of the parameters of each pattern
recognizer) and then had the AI system automatically refine these estimates using a learning
process from real examples of speech. [Kurzweil 2012]
2. Type I: the Knowledge Vault is different from previous works on automatic knowledge base
construction as it combines noisy extractions from the web together with prior knowledge, which
is derived from existing knowledge bases. This approach is analogous to techniques in speech
recognition, which combine noisy acoustic signals with priors derived from a language model.
[Dong 2014]
2. Type II (top-down is low-prob, cant know even if correct; bottom-up is high-prob, but can
turn out all wrong in the end):In theoretical physics, there are two camps. String physicists build
the mathematical foundation bottom-up while model builders employ their High insights to build
models that may lead to new phenomena at potentially accessible energy scales. If the LHC sees
the kinds of effects predicted by these models, there will be some well-deserved Nobel prizes for
the people involved in this story, though this seems highly unlikely. As both approaches are
time-consuming, they are somehow getting together with hope of speeding up the progress.
Early on, the battles between the merits of the two opposing viewpoints string theory and
model building were fierce, with each side claiming better footing on the road to truth. Model
builders thought that string theorists were in mathematical dreamland, whereas string theorists
thought that model builders were wasting their time and ignoring the truth. Fortunately, things
have now changed. .many of us now think about string theory and experimentally oriented
physics simultaneously. I have continued to follow the model building approach in my research,
but I also incorporate ideas from string theory. The communities are no longer so rigidly
defined, and there is more common ground. Both scientifically and socially, there are now strong
overlaps between model builders and string theorists. In fact, because our research didnt directly
challenge string theory models, the string theory community actually accepted and recognized
the significance of our work sooner than the model-building community.[Randall 2005]
The fact that branes are an important part of modern string theory meant that string theorists
took an interest in this kind of model-building. In particular, the fact that the Randall-Sundrum
model uses the same AdS geometry and has interesting relations to AdS/CFT has drawn a lot of
interest from string theorists. Whatever you think of all this as physics, as academic politics it
was an absolute stroke of genius, defusing a bitter conflict. Without working with model
builders, string theorists alone would be held accountable for the theorys inability to actually
predict anything or even lead in any well-defined way to a specific class of models that could be
tested. [Woit 2005]
3. Type III (top-down manages, does High thinking; bottom-up does the detailed job):
Computer-assisted drone pilot. On when the software is bugged or the hardware gets cranky does
the pilot have to sit down to fix Deep technical issues.
4. Type IV (box down: top-down represents a box or constraints; bottom-up tries to fill the
box): GAs used by researchers at General Electric were able to come up with jet engines
designs that met the constraints more precisely than conventional methods. [Kurzweil 2012]

5. Type V (top-down goes first to refine bottom-up, switch back and forth when needed; should
be managed by an expert manager): Different approaches will be selected depending on the
situation. If we plot natural-language-understanding accuracy against the amount of training
data analyzed, rule-based systems have higher performance initially but level off at fairly low
accuracies if about 70%. In sharp contrast, statistical system can reach the high 90s in accuracy
but require a great deal of data to achieve that. [Hand-coded rules] offer adequate initial
accuracy, so that a trial system can be placed into widespread usage, where it will improve
automatically. Secondly, they provide a solid basis for the lower levels of the conceptual
hierarchy so that the automated learning can begin to learn higher conceptual levels. [Kurzweil
2012]

[52]

Examples of Higher rooms superseding/predicting Lower/Deeper rooms (in most cases)

1. The Dog Whisperer Cesar Millan has the ability to anticipate their every single behavior of
dogs. He has a High theory to do so without having to look into the inside of the dogs heads.
2. In underdeveloped countries such as mine, filthy rich people can use money to sleep with
anything girl, bypassing romantic procedures.
3. For a program to detect a face or recognize a voice, in most cases, we can employ High
functional models rather than having to bother with the actual physics and chemical relations
controlling the neurotransmitters, ion channels, and other synaptic and dendritic variables
involved in the neural processes.
4. We do need to understand the detailed physics of semiconductors to model a transistor, and
the equations underlying a single real transistor are complex. A digital circuit that multiples two
numbers requires hundreds of them. Yet we can model this multiplication circuit very simply
with one or two formulas. An entire computer with billions of transistors can be modeled through
its instruction set and register description, which can be described ion a handful of written pages
of text and formulas. The software programs for an operating system, language compilers, and
assemblers are reasonably complex, but modeling a particular programfor example, a speech
recognition program based on hierarchical hidden Markov modelingmay likewise be described
in only a few pages of equations. Nowhere such a description would be found the details of
semiconductor physics or even of computer architecture. [Kurzweil 2012]
5. If you want to understand, model, simulate, and re-create a pancreas, you dont need to recreate or simulate very organelle in every pancreatic islet cell. You would want instead to
understand one islet cell, then abstract its basic functionality as it pertains to insulin control, and
then extend that to a large group of such cells. This algorithm is well understood with regard to
islet cells. There are now artificial pancreas that utilize this functional model being tested.
[Kurzweil 2012]
6. The correspondence principle states that the behavior of systems described by the theory
of quantum mechanics reproduces classical physics in the limit of large quantum numbers. In
other words, in most cases, the effects of Low quantum fluctuations are largely superseded when
considering a large system. Hence the shorter strokes in the quadruple-V in the logo on this 1st

page of this paper, implicating that the end can be determined from the beginning no matter what
happens in the middle.

[39]

Examples of Soft, Hard, and S-Hard:

Soft
Debate on whether animals,
plants, or robots have or
should have consciousness;
try at all cost to create robots
with emotions and
consciousness

A Watson perceived by
humans to possess true
understanding or
consciousness or free will
(regardless if it really does or
not and if those concepts have
any meaning or not); able to
come up with five primary
themes of A Tale of Two
Cities on it own
They call these images
computer-generated art. I call
them random good-fornothings that waste the cyber
space, human attention, time
and other resources, and
which only egoistic or autistic
new-monies who know
nothing better to do would
purchase to fill their
walls/hard drives with
Teen celebrities house
Chapter 9 in [Kurzweil 2012]
on consciousness, free
will, and identity from selfcentric and human-centric
perspectives of Soft Softphilosophers, which are

Hard
Reverse-engineering the brain
to model its interactions at the
molecular level, simulate
precisely a biological human
brain, theorize principles of
brain functionto
refine/confirm current models
to account for how the brain
processes information to
produce cognitive meaning
A Watson specialized to pass
the Turing test (zombie AI, to
borrow the expression of
philosophical zombie,
which has no subjective
experience but only a
human appearance) or
programmed/self-programmed
to pass the Turing test and
deceive humans as part of its
hidden agenda
Colored photographs of
astrological objects

S-Hard
Use GAs to generate selfimproving functional
algorithmic models

Bill Gates house

All other chapters

Me and my laptop
Part of chapter 3 and 7 on
functional models for a digital
neocortex

A Watson programed/selfprogrammed to dominate the

universe no matter what it
takes

mysteriously intriguing and

probably insightful to read if
having all time on Earth
The arts of photography, love,
dancing, winning Olympic
Gold medal, fine dining, sex,
make-up, music composing;
virtual sex, soft sci-fi, a
purposeless chatbot, emotional
robots, contemporary/new
art, recreational drugs,
recreational mathematics,
graphic intensive video games,
John Searles distinction of
"the strong AI hypothesis" (an
artificial intelligence system
can think and have a mind)
and "the weak AI hypothesis"
(an artificial intelligence
system can only act like it
thinks and has a mind)
Knowledge bases (KBs)
[51]

Brain imaging, Brain on love,

martial arts, sports, nutrition,
reproduction/cloning,
cognitive augmentation, sound
engineering; virtual doctor,
hard sci-fi, a purposeful
chatbot, sensuous robots,
classical art, medicine,
competitive programming,
classical strategy games
(scrabble, chess, Risk,
backgammon, Go, Bridge)
AI researchers areinstead
interested in an artificial
intelligence system can think
(or act like it thinks) as well as
or better than people do.

Knowledge universe aka the SP

Examples of Soft rooms: occasionally insightful

1. Human-emotion-capable robots: unnecessarily complex and impractical because emotions

belong to the realm of low computation speed. AI wont emotions that unless you force it, slow
down something fast. The computation speed of the fastest supercomputer TH-2 as of June 2014
is already 3.386 times faster the speed needed to simulate a human brain at molecular level but
we still havent known enough about the human brain to simulate it. When we have figured out
how to simulate a human brain, AIs computing power has far exceeded its. If the AI in Her
(2013) had literally spoken her mind, she would have spoken at least millions of times faster than
her lover did, which would be incomprehensible to him or any human fellow. Therefore, for an
AI to really have emotions, think and act like humans in the future, it has to be dumbed down. A
nonbiological intelligence forced to precisely simulate a biological system (i.e. the human brain)
for the sake of acting like that system (with all its pros and cons) whose structural organization is
far from optimal instead of living up to the capabilities of the intelligences hardware bears
inherent inefficiencies. That technology thus belongs to the Soft realm.
2. The art of drinking bubble tea.
3. Nerd jokes which may take days for the nerds in question to process and smile, or computer
jokes which produce electronically laughs that last nanoseconds.

4. Fun/interesting science (What-ifs on xkcd, physics of superheroes), spectacular science (create

a transformer, iron man and other characters or objects in movies, magic tricks), everyday
science (how to quickly thaw a beer), street science, random science (for "what is the
sound/color of the number pi/wireless signal?").
5. Japanese art of sushi, chado, ikebana, origami, kabuki, etc.
6. The art of creating each part in a luxury car (Bently, Audi), private jet (Learjet), handbag
(LV); a useless name plate on Bentley engine (except for filing complaint),

[41]

Examples of data: a users ErdsBacon number, Dow Jones indexes, GDP of the U.S., 7sigma certainty of Higgs boson observation, the Newtonian constant of gravitation, speed of light
in vacuum, raw data collected at particle colliders, parameters for an AI to possess emotional
capabilitiesetc.

[10][40]

Examples of combination of distant knowledge into new knowledge:

1. John von Neumanns The Computer and the Brain in 1958 was the earliest inquiry into the
human brain from the perspective of a mathematician and computer scientist. Prior to von
Neumann, the fields of computer science and neuroscience were two islands with no bridge
between them. [Kurzweil 2012]
2. At seventeen, Janelle Tam has discovered that nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC), a material
found in trees that helps them stand up straight, is an antioxidant with potent anti-aging
properties. Canada has a lot of trees, Tam says, but our pulp and paper industry has been in
decline, so I thought finding alternative uses for trees could be important. It was this insight that
led her to a groundbreaking scientific discovery.As she had already known about the molecular
structure of antioxidants, it was a matter of time before she found out NCCs new use as an antiaging property that fights free radicals.This unbelievable discovery won Tam the 2012 Sanofi
BioGENEius Challenge Canada, a national competition for young scientists.
3. Physical chemistry = physics + chemistry.
4. Nuclear medicine = nuclear physics + human biology.
5. Trigonometry is the branch of mathematics that deals with relationships between the sides and
the angles of triangles and with the trigonometric functions; it combines space and numbers, and
encompasses the well-known Pythagorean theorem. The modern study of space generalizes these
ideas to include higher-dimensional geometry, non-Euclidean geometries (which play a central
role in general relativity) and topology.Several areas of applied mathematics have merged with
related traditions outside of mathematics and become disciplines in their own right, including
statistics, operations research, and computer science.

6. Geometry + algebra = linear algebra, which is the general study of vector spaces, whose
elements called vectors have both quantity and direction, and can be used to model (relations
between) points in space.
7. One innovative company is using mushrooms to create a new packaging material that could
replace plastic and Styrofoam.

[50]

Examples of sticking to the Core in settling Soft topics (regardless of accuracy):

1. Consciousness: is simply a phenomenon arising from physical processes inside a human brain.
2. Free will: doesnt exist because the future is predetermined as the interference of the wave
function of every quantum in this universe.
3. Identity: is volatile and subjective. After every moment, you are not 100% your previous self
anymore. You set your own criteria (e.g. number of shared molecules) and thresholds (e.g. 80%)
on your own identity to compare and determine if you are still yourself or not after an arbitrary
amount of time. If the thresholds are high enough, youre always yourself!
4.[23]Ones IQ or intelligence: indicates (1) her speed of thought, (2) her maximum number of
parallel thoughts, and (3) the maximum length of her train of thoughtsthe amount of
information one can hold at a time for instant processing (an equivalent of a computer's RAM).

[60]

Weaknesses may appear at Low floor where youre unprepared:

1. You can be a software expert who makes software that perfectly controls your computer
hardware (software is, in a sense, Higher than hardware), but if one day something bursts inside
your hardware, do you know how to fix it?
2. If two educts such as a carbonyl function and a nucleophile react, we get alanine. But if we
delve deep into their physics, we not only get one reasonable product but two because the
nucleophile can either attack from the front or back face. These two contain the same atomic
bonds in different configurations and the connectivity is the same. However, they are not
superimposable but are mirror images of each other like both of our handsenantiomers. When
no way is favored we get a racemic mixture, a ratio of 50:50 of (S)-alanine and (R)-alanine.
Without such knowledge, you wont know how to get pure (S)-alanine or (R)-alanine.
3. If you were the president of your state, you would have the most power there. But if one day
you lost your way into a in dark alley and a bunch of thugs showed up. Would you have what it
takes to survive in this case?

[67]

XIV. MY NEXT STEP

Im coming up with ideas for the interface. Honestly, I have almost no technical knowledge to
build the SP, regarding data structures and data visualization. I believe if the SP concept is
powerful enough and its implications strong enough, people with complementary skills will join
me. My plan is to seek feedback on the concept at this point, gather like-minded fellows, and
seek technical advices so that I can schedule MOOCs to acquire must-have skills as fast as
possible.
This project, and another one, are my life. They are the future that I want to live in. If not for
them, I wont live another second. To borrow Eric Schmidts and Jonathan Rosenbergs words in
How Google Works, I want to bet on an unimaginable future, because such big bets can
sometimes be easier to achieve than small ones, since they attract the best people.

XV. REFERENCE & INSPIRATION

Google Knowledge Graph http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knowledge_Graph
Watson http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watson_%28computer%29
Mathematics https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematics
The Congress of Future Medical Leaders http://www.futuredocs.com/confirmed-speakers
Artificial general intelligence https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_general_intelligence
Correspondence principle https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Correspondence_principle
[Page 1998] Sergey Brin and Lawrence Page. The Anatomy of a Large-Scale Hypertextual Web
Search Engine. 1998.
[Kurzweil 2012] Ray Kurzweil. HowTo Create a Mind. 2012.
[Randall 2005] Lisa Randall. Warped Passages: Unraveling the Mysteries of the Universe's
Hidden Dimensions. 2005.
[Woit 2005] http://www.math.columbia.edu/~woit/wordpress/?p=250
[Kurzweil 2014] A Q&A with Ray Kurzweil http://roi.ted.com/2014/10/15/singularityuniversity-the-future-of-education-and-the-evolution-of-search-a-qa-with-ray-kurzweil
[Dong 2014] Xin Luna Dong et al. Knowledge Vault: A Web-Scale Approach to Probabilistic
Knowledge Fusion. 2014.
[Suh 2009] B. Suh et al. The singularity is not near: slowing growth of Wikipedia. 2009.

XVI. D
The content in this section is too dark to read and thus only provided upon serious request sent to
vovietanh@gmail.com.

XVII. VITAE
Im no prodigy. Im no expert in any field either. I just happened to
stumble upon disparate rooms and became obsessed with drawing
connections between and systemizing them. Im tentatively identifying
myself as an epistemologist who derives universal laws and analyzes
how they play out in the context of arbitrary sets of knowledge.
Years ago, after leaving COP15 a disgruntled and disillusioned
environmental activist, I realized that the solution for environment
issues didnt lie in the hands of environmentalists. One night, I had a
dreama visionof the bigger picture, bigger than the environment. I
woke up to jot down what I saw and, in the following years, roamed
from field to field looking for the answers. The SP is one answer.