TRNG I HC S PHM K THUT TP.

HCM
KHOA CNG NGH HA HC THC PHM

ti:

NG DNG ENZYME TRONG CNG NGHIP

INDUSTRIAL ENZYME APPLICATIONS
Ole Kirk*, Torben Vedel Borchert and Claus Crone Fuglsang

GVHD: Phan Minh Anh Th

SVTH: Hunh Ph Lc

10116033

Phng Hng Mnh

10116035

Nguyn Th Xun M

10116036

Trn Hunh Nh

10116044

TP.HCM - 20/04/2013

MC LC

1. Gii thiu chung:

2. Nhng cng ngh mi cho nghin cu enzyme:

3. ng dng ca enzyme

3.1. ng dng trong cng nghip cht ty ra

3.2. ng dng trong chuyn ha tinh bt

3.3. ng dng trong sn xut cn nhin liu

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3.4. ng dng trong cng nghip dt

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3.5. ng dng trong cng nghip sn xut thc n cho vt nui

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3.6. ng dng trong cng nghip thc phm

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3.7. ng dng trong ch bin du, cht bo

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3.8. ng dng trong tng hp cht hu c

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4. Kt lun v trin vng

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Ti liu tham kho

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NG DNG ENZYME TRONG CNG NGHIP

Kh nng xc tc ca enzyme c a ra ng dng vo cc qu
trnh v sn phm cng nghip. S pht trin gn y ca cng ngh sinh hc,
c bit trong lnh vc k thut protein v tin ha nh hng cung cp
nhng cng c quan trng cho s pht trin mnh ca vic ng dng enzyme:
ci thin cc thuc tnh ca enzyme trong nhng ng dng k thut c
thit lp, ng thi sn xut enzyme mi ng dng vo nhng lnh vc mi
trc y cha tng s dng enzyme.
1. Gii thiu chung
Nn cng nghip enzyme c bit n ngy nay l kt qu ca s pht
trin nhanh qua 4 thp k qua nh vo s pht trin ca cng ngh sinh hc
hin i. Enzyme c tm thy trong t nhin nh trong d dy b, tri u
hoc c to ra t vi sinh vt trong qu trnh chuyn ha ca chng c
s dng t thi c i trong qu trnh sn xut cc sn phm thc phm nh
ph mai, bnh m, bia, ru, gim v trong cc mt hng nh da, thuc nhum,
vi. Tuy nhin, giai on ny enzyme cha c s dng dng tinh khit
cht lng tt. Trong nhng thp k gn y, vi s tin b ca cng ngh ln
men enzyme c sn xut di dng tinh khit, cht lng tt thm ch vi
quy m ln da trn c s chn lc. K t , enzyme c ng dng rng
ri trong nhng qu trnh, sn phm cng nghip thc s, v d nh trong lnh
vc cng nghip cht ty ra, dt v tinh bt. Vic ng dng cng ngh ti t
hp gen ci thin qu trnh sn xut, thng mi ha cc sn phm enzyme
m trc y cha tng c. Hn th na, s pht trin gn y ca cng ngh
sinh hc hin i, k thut protein cng nh tin ha nh hng gp phn
vo s pht trin ca enzyme cng nghip (Theo Hnh 1). Nhng ci tin ny
to ra nhng enzyme thch hp th hin nhiu hot tnh mi, trong nhng iu
kin mi. V vy m enzyme ngy cng c s dng ph bin trong cng
nghip.

Hnh 1. Nhng bc tin trong s pht trin ca enzyme

S pht trin ca enzyme hin nay

S pht trin ca enzyme truyn thng

To s a dng sinh hc

S a dng t nhin
Ci tin m hnh phn t

Chn lc s cp
t bin t nhin

Chn lc th cp
To h thng biu hin thuc tnh
Ln men
Thit lp quy trnh

Tinh ch

Thit lp quy trnh

Lp cng thc

Sn xut

Sn xut

Bng 1. Enzyme s dng trong nhng mng cng nghip khc nhau
Ngnh cng

Chc nng

Lp enzyme

nghip

Cht ty ra
(bt git v

Protease

Loi b cht bn protein

Amylase

Loi b cht bn tinh bt

Lipase

Loi b cht bn du m

Cellulase

Lm sch, loi mu v chng kt bm (vi

nc ra chn)

Tinh bt v
nhin liu

cotton)
Mannanase

Loi b cht bn manan

Amylase

Ha lng v ng ha tinh bt

Amyloglucosidase

ng ha

Pullulanase

ng ha

Glucose isomerase

Sn xut fructose

Cyclodextrin-

Sn xut cyclodextrin

glycosyltransferase
Xylanase

Gim nht (nhin liu v tinh bt)

Protease

To ngun dinh dng cho nm men (trong

sn xut nhin liu)

Protease

ng t sa, sn xut sa cho tr em (gim d

ng), to mi hng

Thc phm
(bao gm cc
sn phm sa)

Bnh nng

Lipase

To mi cho ph mai

Lactase

Loi b ng lactose trong sa

Pectin methyl

To chc cho cc sn phm t tri cy

esterase
Pectinase

Sn xut cc sn phm t tri cy

Transglutaminase

Thay i do, nht

Amylase

iu chnh mm, xp ca bt bnh m

Xylanase

iu chnh bt nho

Lipase

iu chnh v n nh bt nho (cht to nh).

Phospholipase

iu chnh v n nh bt nho (cht to nh)

Glucose oxidase

Tng lc ca gluten bt nho

Lipogenase

Tng lc ca bt nho, lm trng

Protease

Sn xut bnh bch quy

Transglutaminase

Tng lc bt nho laminate (bt nho dng

cn thnh lp mng).

Thc n cho vt
nui

Nc gii kht

Phytase

Tiu ha phytate, chng thiu phospho

Xylanase

Tiu ha thc n

- Glucanase

Tiu ha thc n

Pectinase

Ngm, pectin ha

Amylase

X l nc tri cy, bia nng lng thp

- Glucanase

Ngm

Acetylacetate

Lm chn bia

decarboxylase
Laccase

Lc nc tri cy, to mi cho bia, x l nt

chai

Dt

Cellulase

Hon thin vi denim, lm mm vi cotton

Amylase

Lm gim kch thc si

Pectate lyase

Ty vi

Catalase

Lm trng

Laccase

Lm trng

Peroxidase

Loi b thuc nhum

Lipase

iu chnh s nhim bn, nha

Protease

Loi b lp mng sinh hc

Amlylase

Ph tinh bt, tng kh nng loi mc, tng tnh

a nc ca si

Bt giy v giy
Xylanase

Ty trng giy

Cellulase

Tng kh nng loi mc, tng tnh a nc

ca si, thay i cu trc si

Cht bo, du
thc vt

Tng hp cht

Lipase

Ester ha cht bo dng trans

Phospholipase

Gim nht, sn xut lyso-lecithin

Lipase

Ha tan cc alcohol v amide bt i xng

Acylase

Tng hp penicillin c ngun gc t thin

hu c

Thuc da
Sn phm

nhin
Nitrilase

Tng hp acid carboxylic

Protease

X l da

Lipase

Ty da

Amyloglucoxidase

Chng vi sinh vt, kt hp cng glucose

chm sc c
nhn

oxidase
Glucose oxidase

Lm trng, chng vi sinh vt

Peroxidase

Chng vi sinh vt.

Nh Bng 1. trn th hin a dng ha s ng dng ca enzyme c v s

lng ln mc phc tp. ng dng chnh ca enzyme trong lnh vc cng

nghip vn l thy phn, phn gii nhng hp cht trong t nhin. Protease v
tr ng u, v c s dng rng ri trong cng nghip cht ty ra v cng
nghip sa. ng th hai l cc carbohydrase, ch yu l amylase v cellulase,
s dng trong cng nghip tinh
bt, dt, cht ty ra, bnh.
Nh minh ha hnh 2,
cng nghip k thut, ch yu l
cht ty ra, tinh bt, dt, cn
nhin liu, t mc tiu th ln
nht ca enzyme cng nghip.
Nhn chung, gi tr c tnh ca
ton th gii s dng enzyme
cng nghip c s tng trng t Hnh 2. Th trng enzyme cng nghip theo
1 t la nm 1995 ln n 1,5 t
la vo nm 2000. Theo s
tng trng ny, cn c s thay
i cn thit trong mt s nghnh

lnh vc. Trong nm 2000, th trng enzyme

t 1,5 t la. Lnh vc cng nghip k thut
bao gm cht ty ra, tinh bt, dt, cn nhin
liu, da thuc, giy v bt giy

cng nghip k thut chnh, u tin phi ni n l cng nghip cht ty ra.
S tng trng mnh nht trong nhng thp k va qua c bit n l cng
nghip bnh v thc n vt nui. Tuy nhin s tng trng ny cng bao gm
c trong tng hp cht hu c, bt giy v giy, sn phm chm sc c nhn.
Bi tng quan ny cp n cng ngh enzyme mi v ng dng ca enzyme
trong cc lnh vc khc nhau gn y.
2. Nhng cng ngh mi cho nghin cu enzyme
Vi sinh vt t nhin l ngun cung cp nhiu enzyme khc nhau. S pht
trin trong tin sinh hc v chui d liu sn c tng ng k hiu qu ca vic
phn lp nhng gen c bit t t nhin. K thut protein thch hp v kh nng
a ra nhng protein mi vi mt vi thay i nh da trn nn tng cu trc,

lin quan n tnh cht l sinh v ha sinh, a ra nhng cng c mi trong

ti u ha enzyme trong nhng thp nin tm mi. Tin ha nh hng l
cng c gn y nht c s dng cho vic ci tin enzyme. Bng cch gy ra
mt hay nhiu t bin gen ngu nhin, ngi ta to ra nhng ngn hng bin
d; t tin hnh sng lc, chn lc chng enzyme ph hp. Nhng bin d sau
khi c phn lp, ci tin theo mt chu trnh sng lc, s c s dng nh
nguyn liu th cp trong nhng chu trnh ti t hp hay th h a dng mi.
Gn y, nhiu n lc trong vic a ra nhng thng s quan trng trong tin
ha nh hng ni ln v gt hi c nhng thnh cng nht nh; chng
hn nh vic kt hp k thut ti t hp vi tin ha nh hng. Cng ngh
mi c d on l s thay th cng ngh hin ti, tuy nhin chng ti hy vng
rng thi gian s tr li vic kt hp tin ha nh hng, thit k enzyme v s
a dng ca t nhin nh th no to ra nhng phn t enzyme mi vi
nhng c tnh mong mun v hiu qu s dng cao.
3. ng dng ca enzyme
3.1. ng dng trong cng nghip cht ty ra
Enzyme c s dng nh mt cht b sung vo cht ty ra, mng ng
dng ln nht ca enzyme cng nghip, c v s lng cng nh cht lng.
Thnh phn chnh l protease, tuy nhin cng c th b sung mt s cht thy
phn khc ty vo cht bn cn c loi b.
Nhng k thut tin tin to ra nhng enzyme ty ra mi da trn nn
tng enzyme ty ra truyn thng nh protease v amylase v ang pht
trin. Nhng enzyme th h th hai, th ba c ti u ha, p ng yu
cu ca cht ty ra. c bit, ngoi s tng thch ca enzyme vi cc thnh
phn ca cht ty ra, cc enzyme cng c kh nng hot ng nhit thp
hn c cp trong nhng nghin cu bo co gn y. tit kim in
nng, nhit s dng trong my git, my ra chn c ct gim trong

nhng nm gn y. Nh vy, enzyme c th gip cho vn dn dp, loi b

cht bn c thc hin hiu qu hn.
V d gn y ca enzyme ty ra th th th hai bao gm s pht trin
ca amylase hin i, c th tng kh nng hot ng c iu kin nhit
thp, pH kim. Nhng enzyme ny c pht trin bng vic kt hp chn lc vi
sinh vt v k thut protein thch hp. Protease c kh nng hot ng nhit
thp c tch t t nhin, nhng c ci tin phng th nghim bng
phng php ci tin nh hng. Hn th na, t nguyn liu ban uenzyme
26 subtislisin(serine endopeptidase) ca Ness v cng s thay i cu trc
vng DNA to nhng enzyme mi vi s ci thin hot tnh ng k.Vic ci
tin da trn nhng c tnh ty ra ca protease (v d nh tng hot tnh xc
tc mnh hn, n nh pH kim).
Nhng sn phm mi gn y a thm nhm enzyme mi mannanase
- kt qu nghin cu pht trin ca Proter v Gramble v hng Novozymes.
Nhng enzyme ny dng loi b cht guar gum (ph gia thng dng n
nh v to c cho sn phm thc phm).
3.2. ng dng trong chuyn ha tinh bt
Chuyn tinh bt thnh dch high fructose corn syrup (dch ng fructose
nng cao) vi s tc dng ca enzyme c nghin cu hon chnh, l
mt v d in hnh ca qu trnh sinh hc, s dng mt chui enzyme lin tip
nhau. Enzyme ng dng trong cng nghip tinh bt l mt ti c nghin
cu, pht trin lin tc.
Bc u tin trong qu trnh l chuyn tinh bt thnh oligomaltodextrins
bng enzyme - Amylase. Qu trnh ny i hi phi c thc hin trong gii
hn kh nng chu nhit ca enzyme. S dng - Amylase truyn thng, pH phi
iu chnh mc va phi, ng thi canxi phi c thm vo n nh
hot tnh ca enzyme. Dng - Amylase mi pht trin gn y vi nhng tnh
cht u vit hn nh kh nng n nh nhit, chu acid, c bit l c kh nng

xc tc m khng cn b sung canxi nng cao li nhun ca ngnh cng

nghip tinh bt mt cch r rt. Nhng n lc nghin cu k thut ci thin hot
tnh ca nhng enzyme s dng sau qu trnh thy phn tinh bt thnh
oligomaltodextrins cng ang c pht trin nh glucoamylase, glucose
isomerase.
3.3. ng dng trong sn xut cn nhin liu
Trong cng nghip sn xut cn, s dng enzyme cho sn xut ng
c phn gii t tinh bt c nghin cu hon chnh. Tri qua nhiu thp
k, nhu cu cn nhin liu tng ln l h qu ca vic thc ca nhn loi v
mi trng tng ln, cng nh gi du leo cao; v vy gii quyt nhng vn
thc tin trn, ngi ta gii hn lng ph gia nht nh trong du m_
methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) bng cch thay th n bng cn. Do , nhng
nghin cu hin ti c thc hin pht trin nhng enzyme ci tin, gi r,
c th tn dng ngun c cht l lignocellulose sn xut cn sinh hc nhiu
u th hn khi so snh vi nhin liu xng du khai thc t m. Gi ca enzyme
cn chuyn lignocellulose thnh vt liu th thch hp cho vic ln men to
cn l vn trng tm, cng vic nghin cu hin nay ch yu tp trung vo
vic tng kh nng xc tc v tnh n nh sn xut cn c hiu qu. Nhng
chng trnh quc gia ln ca phng nng lng M a ra h tr, khuyn
khch hng nghin cu ny nhm gp phn gim nhim mi trng, hng
n ngh nh th Kyoto.
3.4. ng dng trong cng nghip dt
Trong cng nghip dt, hot ng xc tc ca enzyme mi c a vo
ng dng gn y. Nn cng nghip ny chu mt sc p ln v vn mi
trng bi v n tiu tn nhiu nng lng, nc v nhim mi trng. Mt
trong nhng khu tiu tn nhiu nng lng, nc trong sn xut vi cotton l
khu ty vi loi b nhiu hp cht khc nhau trn thnh t bo trong si
cellulose. Khu ny thng thng c thc hin nhit cao, iu kin kim

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mnh, tuy nhin nu c thc hin bng enzyme s tin hnh nhit thp,
tiu tn t nc hn nh hot ng ca pectate lyase. Do tnh thn thin vi mi
trng, k thut mi ny c chnh ph M trao tng gii thng ti nng
ha hc xanh nm 2001. Tip ni thnh cng ca vic ng dng enzyme trong
ty vi, ngy nay enzyme c s dng trong hu ht cc cng on chnh
ca qu trnh sn xut vi cotton (Hnh 3.)
- Amylase

Pectinase

Lm gim kch
thc si

Vi th

Ty vi

Peroxidase (loi b thuc

nhum d tha)

Lm trng

Nhum vi

Catalase (lm trng vi)

Lm gim kch
thc si

Ra vi vi

Cellulase trung tnh

Lm trng

Acid cellulose (lm

bng vi sinh hc)

Hon thin

Vi hon thin

Vi blue jeans hon thin

Laccase/mediator

Hnh 3.Nhng enzyme s dng trong qu trnh sn xut vi Denim

Nh vy s dng enzyme mang li li ch c trong cng nghip dt cng nh
vn mi trng.
3.5. ng dng trong cng nghip sn xut thc n cho vt nui
ng dng enzyme trong lnh vc ny cng c trin khai thnh cng. V
d, trong sut cc thp k va qua, xylanase v glucanase c trong ng cc
c dng lm thc n cho ng vt d dy n, ngc li i vi ng vt
nhai li c kh nng phn gii tt v s dng ngun thc n t thc vt cha
nhiu cellulose v hemicellulose. Trong nhng nm gn y, nhiu nghin cu

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tp trung vo vn s dng ngun hp cht phospho t nhin t acid phytic

trong thc n c ngun gc ng cc cho ng vt d dy n. Chng hp thu tt
hn ngun phospho t nhin (m trong s c khong 85-90% c lin kt
vi acid phytic) ch khi thm phytase vo thc n cho vt nui. Nhng ch lin
quan n enzyme ny tng ln ng k trong nhng nm gn y. Mt s quc
gia trc y s dng xng ng vt nghin lm thc n vt nui b
sung ngun phospho v c; iu ny b cm do l nguyn nhn gy nn
bnh b in. ng thi, nhiu quc gia phng Ty chuyn sn xut tht phi
tun th theo nhng nguyn tc khi loi b phospho ra ngoi mi trng. V vy,
vic thm phytase vo thc n vt nui s gim ng k vic thi phospho ra
khi d dy n, phytase tr thnh mt lnh vc ln enzyme trong cng
nghip thc n chn nui. Nhiu nghin cu cho thy vic b sung phytase
khng nhng lm tng kh nng hp thu phospho vt nui m cn tng kh
nng hp thu mt s dng cht khc. Nhng tin b gn y nht trong
enzyme dng lm thc n cho vt nui u hng n kh nng ng dng cao
v kh nng hot ng ca enzyme. Phytase mi t nm c nhn din vi
hot ring tng t 4-50 ln so vi nhng bo co trc y. S ci tin
hng n s pht trin nhng enzyme tt hn tng hot tnh xc tc ca
phytase t nm bng t bin nh hng im. V d nh da trn c s
nghin cu cu trc khng gian ba chiu, hot ring ca phytase nm
Asperillus fumigatus tng gp bn ln. enzyme c th c s dng lm
thc n dng vin, th enzyme phi c kh nng hot ng nhit cao (trn
800C) trong sut qu trnh to vin mt thi gian ngn. tng hng n to
ra nhng enzyme chu nhit trong cu trc phytase lin hp da trn tnh tng
ng ca cc loi phytase khc nhau. Nhng enzyme ny th hin hot tnh
trong gii hn n nh nhit tng n khong 800C. V vy, s dng phospho
khng ch l mt vn c quan tm trong cng nghip thc n chn nui, n
cn c kh nng tng kh nng hp thu cc ngun dng cht khc, v d nh
tng kh nng tiu ha protein trong u nnh. Hin nhin rng trong tng lai,

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chng ta s s dng nhng enzyme thy phn mi khc nhau ng dng

trong cng nghip thc n chn nui nhm tng gi tr ca nguyn liu, tit kim
nng lng v gim thiu nhim, tc ng c li n mi trng.
3.6. ng dng trong cng nghip thc phm
Nh ch ra Bng 1, ng dng ca enzyme trong cng nghip thc
phm l rt phong ph v a dng, t cu trc n to hng. Thng thng,
hu nh tt c cc ng dng thc phm, enzyme c ng dng nh tc nhn
x l c cht t chun b nguyn liu n sn phm cui. Nhiu nghin cu
c thc hin ti u enzyme trong s dng sn xut protein ti t hp to
ra enzyme tinh khit, khng to sn phm ph bt li.
Gn y, nhiu nghin cu c thc hin v ng dng ca
transglutaminase nh tc nhn to cu trc trong qu trnh ch bin, v d trong
xc xch, m, yohurt, trong lin kt ngang ca protein c cung cp tng
nht, do cho sn phm. Tuy nhin, phm vi s dng ca enzyme ny b gii
hn v kh nng cung ng ca n trn quy m cng nghip. Hin nay, ch c duy
nht transglutaminase t Streptoverticillium sp. l sn c dng thng mi, v
vic nghin cu vn ang tip tc nhm tng kh nng cung ng ca enzyme
bng sn xut ti t hp Escherichia coli.
Trong cng nghip bnh, nhu cu enzymes lipolytic tng ng k. Nhng
xut gn y v lipase (phospho) c th s dng thay th hoc h tr cht
to nh truyn thng, v enzyme ny lm gim cu trc ca lipid bt m, gp
phn tng kh nng to nh ca bt. Nhng n lc tng bc c nghin cu
gn y hng n vic hiu r hn v cu trc bnh m c v s dng amylase v xylanase ngn chn hin tng ny bng. Nghin cu cng i
n kt lun rng kh nng kt hp, gi nc trong tinh bt v nhng on
hemicellulose - ngun c cht tng ng ca dng - amylase v xylanase l
tc nhn nh hng chnh n vic duy tr cu trc mm xp do ca bnh.

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Vic xc nh cu trc khng gian ba chiu gn y ca amylase s dng

chng h bnh (Novamyl) cung cp ci nhn khch quan v tnh cht hot
ng ca enzyme. Nhng amylase ny c th phn gii amylopectin n mt
nht nh ngn chn ti kt tinh sau khi h ha m khng lm gim cu trc
mng ca amylopectin nh hng xu n cu trc ca bnh m.
Bn cnh nhng bc tin c cp trn, nhiu ng dng mi trong
cng nghip thc phm cng c cp vi nhiu ti liu trn cng cng. S
dng laccase lm trong nc p tri cy (laccase phn gii lin kt ngang ca
polyphenols, kt qu l d dng loi b polyphenols bng cch lc), v tng
hng trong bia gn y c ng dng trong cng nghip nc gii kht. Hin
nhin rng nhng hiu bit v chc nng ca cc lp enzyme khc nhau s a
ra nhng ng dng mi trong cng nghip thc phm tng lai.
3.7. ng dng trong ch bin du, cht bo
Trong cng nghip du v cht bo, nhiu qu trnh ch bin da vo
enzyme gn y c a ra. Mc d lipases c nh trong ester ha
triglyceride c m t nhng nm 1980, qu trnh ny vn khng mang li
hiu qu ng k trong tit kim chi ph khi a vo ng dng thc t trn quy
m ln, v d trong sn xut margarine. Mc d sn xut enzyme tr nn hiu
qu hn, tuy nhin gi c nh enzyme vn l mt tr ngi ln. Tuy nhin
nhng tin b gn y trong lnh vc enzyme gii quyt c vn ny, v
d nh c nh lipase da trn to ht silica lm gim gi thnh ng k, v
qu trnh sn xut lipase da trn vt liu mi ny hin nay tr thnh mt cng
c cho sn xut du, cht bo thng mi khng cha acid bo dng trans. Mt
qu trnh mi khc gn y c a ra l loi b phospholipids trong du thc
vt, gim gum, s dng phospholipase t chng vi khun c chn lc. V
vy, vic s dng enzyme trong nhng cng on khc nhau ca ch bin du,
cht bo s tit kim c v nng lng v nc mang li li ch cho cng nghip
v mi trng.

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3.8. ng dng trong tng hp cht hu c

Tng hp cht ha hc l mt lnh vc s dng enzyme xc tc c bit
n t lu nh mt trin vng tuyt vi. Mc d vy nhng trong ngnh cng
nghip ny, vic s dng enzyme vn cn thp so vi cc ngnh khc. Hin ti,
chng ta thy rng s tng trng ng k trong lnh vc ny v nhng giai
on s dng enzyme hin nay c a ra rng ri sn xut nhng hp
cht ha hc khc nhau. Mt v d in hnh l sn xut cht trung gian ng
dng trong sn xut thuc v ha cht dng trong nng nghip. Th trng ny
b phn chia thnh nhiu phn khc, v rt t enzyme c th ng dng c trong
phm vi rng ca nhng qu trnh khc nhau. Qu trnh s dng enzyme gn
y c a ra bao gm s dng lipase cho sn xut amids v cn tinh khit,
nitrilase trong sn xut acid carboxylic, acylase trong sn xut penicillin bn tng
hp. Nhiu cng ty bc u tn dng cht xc tc c bn cht enzyme, nhiu
tin trin mi trong lnh vc ny vn ang c mong ch lnh vc ny trong
nhng nm k tip.
4. Kt lun v trin vng
Nh nhng cp trn, enzyme ang c s dng trong nhiu sn phm
quy trnh cng nghip khc nhau v nhng lnh vc mi. Nh vo nhng tin b
ca cng ngh sinh hc hin i, enzyme ngy nay c th c pht trin v
ng dng trong nhng qu trnh k thut m trc y khng ng n. Trong
hu ht cc ng dng, vic a ra nhng enzyme c hot tnh xc tc hiu qu
di nhng iu kin n ha s tit kim ng k ngun nng lng, nc
mang li li ch c trong cng nghip cng nh vn mi trng. Trong mt
th gii vi s tng nhanh dn s v cn kit ngun ti nguyn d tr, cng
ngh enzyme ha hn s mang li mt tim nng ln gii quyt nhng thch
thc m cc nn cng nghip phi i mt trong nhng nm sp ti.

15

Ti liu tham kho

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17

describes the successful substitution of traditional chemical processes by the

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compared with the parent phytase backbones.

18

26. Kuraishi C, Yamazaki K, Susa Y: Transglutaminase: its utilization in

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19

33. Clausen K: Enzymatic oil-degumming by a novel microbial

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