US 20140170377A1

(19) United States

(12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2014/0170377 A1
(43) Pub. Date:

Hsu et al.

(54)

FRICTION REDUCTION FOR ENGINE

COMPONENTS

Jun. 19, 2014

Publication Classi?cation

(51)

(75) Inventors: Stephen M. Hsu, Gerrnantown, MD

(US); Yang Jing, Washington, DC (US);
Yufei Mo, Washington, DC (US);

Dongyun Hua, Washington, DC (US);

Ming Chen, Washington, DC (US)

Int. Cl.
B323 3/30
(2006.01)
B05D 5/08
(2006.01)
C23F 1/02
(2006.01)
(52) US. Cl.
CPC
B323 3/30 (2013.01); C23F1/02 (2013.01);
B05D 5/08 (2013.01)
USPC ............ .. 428/141; 428/201; 216/49; 427/508

(73) Assignee: The George Washington University,

Washington, DC (US)
(21) Appl. No.:
(22)
(86)

(60)

PCT Filed:

(57)

ABSTRACT

The present invention relates to techniques for lowering fric

tion between moving surfaces of, for example, an internal
combustion engine. Friction reduction is achieved by adding

14/000,857

texture modi?cations to surfaces that come in contact with

Feb. 21, 2012

each other. Texture modi?cations that reduce friction in

PCT No.:

PCT/USI2/25949

accordance with the present invention include dimples of

varying geometries and depths ion the surfaces of compo

371 (00)
(2), (4) Date:

Mar. 4, 2014

nents. The present invention also relates to the fabrication

technique for applying the textures to the surfaces. In another
embodiment, the patterned soft mask is applied onto a large

Related US. Application Data

surface (?at or curved including cylindrical rollers surfaces)

to be followed by electrochemical etching to imprint the

Provisional application No. 61/445,503, ?led on Feb.

22, 2011, provisional application No. 61/445,507,

?led on Feb. 22, 2011.

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wwctw

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textures onto the component. And, in another embodiment, a

diamond-like-carbon (DLC) ?lm may be applied to the tur
bine component to also reduce friction.

. EEK

chm
Ki?

Patent Application Publication

S eed

Load

Jun. 19, 2014 Sheet 1 0f 22

Low

Medium

High

LOW

Regime l

. Medium

High

US 2014/0170377 A1

Regime N

Regime Ill

FIGURE 1

Patent Application Publication

Pattern

Type

Baseline_l

Polished

US 2014/0170377 A1

Jun. 19, 2014 Sheet 2 of 22

Depth, pm Area ratio, %

Image

0'9

17'5 A

23

7A;

1.1

7+15

'4

2.3

7 + 15

3.3

7 +15

Deep

2.1

5%

LS

0.9

17.5%

Deep

2.1

7%

US

0.9

17.5%

Large shallow
Baseline_2
(LS)

Deep

Basehne_3

. .
elllptlcal

Mixed

MS__1

LS+deep

Mixed
MS_2

LS + deep

Mixed

MS_3

LS + deep

Compound
OL_1

Compound of
OL_2

FIGURE 2

Patent Application Publication

Jun. 19, 2014 Sheet 3 0f 22

US 2014/0170377 A1

0.06

I Baseline 1

I
.p

0.05

.BaselineZ

ABaseline3

.9
3

IIVIultiscale
0.04

.
0.03

-~

'

'

UC
'

E 0.01

'

'

.2 002
r

.OL

i I

.
O

0
0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

Velocity, m/s
FIGURE 3

0.25

0.30

0.35

Patent Application Publication

US 2014/0170377 A1

Jun. 19, 2014 Sheet 4 0f 22

-.A BMO lez

8L

iI

25:0.3

0 0.
O. 43r0521

-_--

.I

.
I

.
I

QI

0.5

1.5

Velocity, m/s
FIGURE 4

mm68 1m

Patent Application Publication

Jun. 19, 2014 Sheet 5 0f 22

US 2014/0170377 A1

-1-1-1

1 11
1111
11111111111

,q},++++1,++1+ 1 11+

.1

a H
11

11

:11.11.

1
11111

11441111111

.11::11

':1:,1.

CoefFicrnto
54

FIGURE 5

Patent Application Publication

Jun. 19, 2014 Sheet 6 0f 22

US 2014/0170377 A1

FIGURE 6C

Patent Application Publication

Jun. 19, 2014 Sheet 7 of 22

US 2014/0170377 A1

Friction Comparison (24 Hz)

0'12

I Baseline

A Ellipse
0-1

'

ICircle

Q Mixture

CForefictn

O9 O0 CD00

0.02

0.0

50.0

100.0

150.0

Load[N]

FIGURE 7

200.0

250.0

Patent Application Publication

Jun. 19, 2014 Sheet 8 0f 22

104

500 mm 566 pm

-5C~O nm - 500 pm

106

FIGURE 8

US 2014/0170377 A1

Patent Application Publication

l31

Jun. 19, 2014 Sheet 9 0f 22

l 30

FIGURE 9

US 2014/0170377 A1

Patent Application Publication

Jun. 19, 2014 Sheet 10 0f 22

FIGURE 10

US 2014/0170377 A1

Patent Application Publication

Jun. 19, 2014 Sheet 12 0f 22

US 2014/0170377 A1

H G Um HA
\\\\\\ \\\

\\\ \\\\\\\

H GUm 1 m

FIGURE 12C

Patent Application Publication

Jun. 19, 2014 Sheet 13 0f 22

US 2014/0170377 A1

FIGURE 13A

FIGURE 13B

Patent Application Publication

Jun. 19, 2014 Sheet 14 0f 22

US 2014/0170377 A1

FIGURE 14A

FIGURE 14B

Patent Application Publication

Jun. 19, 2014 Sheet 15 0f 22

US 2014/0170377 A1

FIGURE 15A

FIGURE 15B

Patent Application Publication

:1.

fixes)
:11

Jun. 19, 2014 Sheet 16 0f 22

.\

FIGURE 16

201

US 2014/0170377 A1

Patent Application Publication

Jun. 19, 2014 Sheet 17 0f 22

US 2014/0170377 A1

FIGURE 17A

FIGURE 17B

Patent Application Publication

Jun. 19, 2014 Sheet 18 0f 22

Change in diameter of the ball

OCompA
ElCompB
(CompC
AComp A+Comp B+Comp C

0'20

ICompE

A "7:

ABaseline
,H

US 2014/0170377 A1

0.15

U 0.10

A __________

_ If,

a:

O
U

T.
- 0.05

0.00
300

400

500

600

700

800

Contact Pressure [Mpa]

FIGURE 18

900

1000

1100

Patent Application Publication

Jun. 19, 2014 Sheet 19 0f 22

US 2014/0170377 A1

.150

cForeiftn
0.00 -

1000

2000

0000

4000

5000

0000

7000

Time, 5

FIGURE 19

'