Book 1 Errata Summary

62
Errata to Book 1 (First Edition, 1997)
Original
P.4
2nd paragraph, line 1
... the mass/charge (m/e) ratio and the velocity of

the particles ...
P.9
*Note: Beryllium and fluorine have no isotopes.
P.11 Table 1-4

Neutron
... the mass/charge (m/e) ratio of the particles ...
Bottom of Table 1-3
*Note: Fluorine has no isotope.
Amendment
n or n
Neutron
1
n
0
or n
P.12 1st paragraph, line 2

238
92
... nucleus of the uranium () atom 92U ...
... nucleus of the uranium () atom
P. 13 Fig. 1-23 (b)
** There should not be a white spot in the middle

of the photograph.
P.14 2nd paragraph, line 1

It has no mass and ...
During the reaction, one of the ... into a proton

(i.e. 01 n 11 p + 01 e ). At the same time, an
electron is emitted (Fig. 1-25).
P.17 Fig. 1-27

y-axis: Atomic mass
It has negligible mass and ...
P.15 Last paragraph, line 1

When the tritium nucleus loses an electron,
one of the ... into a proton (Fig. 1-25).
U ...
y-axis: Mass number

... unknown in nature, i.e. all the presently known
elements which are not found in nature. Most of
them with atomic numbers greater than 92, were
for med in bombardment reactions with
accelerated particles.
... unknown in nature. Most of these isotopes formed

are of atomic numbers greater than 92.
Part 1
P.19 Check point 1-1, part (b)

232
92
Th ...
232
90
Th ...
P.24 Fig. 1-36(b)
123
Relative abundance
Relative abundance
123
40
40
3
35 37
2
50 5152
35 37
mass/charge
P.26 Lower middle part of page

The relative atomic mass ... can be found in
the Periodic Table ... of this book.
...
...
-particle
Type of
radiation
...
...
-radiation
P.46 Middle of page

The volatile liquid, trichloromethane
(chloroform), is stored in the ... with steam.
The relative atomic mass ... can be found in

Appendix I of this book.
P.29 Section 1.5, 3., table

Type of
radiation
50 5152
mass/charge
The volatile liquid is stored in the ... with steam.
P.55 Table 2-2

.
.
.
Silver
.
.
.
AgNO3(aq)
.
.
.
96 500
Sodium
NaCl(aq)
96 500
..
.
Silver
..
.
AgNO3(aq)
**Delete the row of Sodium.
..
.
96 500
63
64
P.61 Q23
Assuming that the reaction between nitrogen
and hydrogen goes to completion, how much
ammonia could ... conditions?
How much ammonia could ... conditions?
P.67 Example 3-3, Solution
Relative number of moles
...
25
4
6.25
...
...
Relative
number 3.70 1.2 6.18 2
of moles 3.08
3.08
49.38
= 3.08
16.0
Number
of
moles
...
...
49.38
= 3.09
16.0
3.08
=1
3.08
Relative
number
of moles
3.70 1.2
3.09
6.18
=2
3.09
3.09
=1
3.09
P.77 Check Point 3-7, part (c)

(c)
Therefore, the molecular ... is C2H6.
P.70
Number
of
moles
25
=4
6.25
...
P.69 Bottom of Example 3-5

Therefore, the molecular ... is either (CH3)2 or
C2H6.
Relative number of moles
20 cm 3 of a gaseous hydrocarbon and

150 cm3 of oxygen were exploded ...
(c)
20 cm of a gaseous hydrocarbon and 150 cm

of oxygen (in excess) were exploded ...
P.78 Bottom of page
... the end point () of the titration.
... the equivalence point (

reaction.
Titration with an Indicator
The end point of a titration ... from the acid.

The indicator is a dye that changes colour at
the end point.
) of the
Titration with an Indicator

The equivalence point of a titration ... from the
acid. The point at which the indicator changes
colour is called the end point of the titration
which indicates the completion of the
reaction. We should choose an indicator
whose end point matches with equivalence
point of the reaction.
Parts 1, 2
P.79 Table 3-3

Acid-base Pair pH at End Point
Indicator
Acid-base Pair
12 V d.c.
P.86 Check Point 3-8, part (b)

(b) 8.54 g of iron (II) sulphate ...
(a)
14
(b)
(c)
23
(d)
N + He O + _________
4
17
(a)
14
7
H He + _________
(b)
3
1
Na + He
(c)
23
11
(d)
2
1
1.
26
Mg + _________
H + H He + _________
2
H + 42 He
3
2
17
8
O + _________
He + _________
Na + 42 He
26
12
Mg + _________
H + 21 H 23 He + _________
P.91 Q3
3.
The equivalence point of an acid-base ...
P.91 Q1
1.
(b) 8.54 g of hydrated iron (II) sulphate ...
P.87 Section 3.6, 4

The end point of an acid-base ...
Indicator
P.84 Fig. 3-8(a), left-hand side

12 V a.c.
pH at
Equivalence Point
(c)
Sulphur has the formula S 8 under

average conditions.
3.
(c) Sulphur has the formula S8 under room

conditions.
P.93 Q13
13. (c)
... crystallization per molecule of ...
13. (c) ... crystallization per unit of ...
P.106 Fig. 4-4
**Delete the column of "Cosmic rays".
P.107 Fig. 4-6
**Exchange the diagrams in Fig. 4-6(a) and

Fig. 4-6(b).
P.108 Table 4-2, caption

Table 4-2 Wavelengths ... atomic hydrogen
Table 4-2 Wave l e n g t h s . . . a t o m i c hy d r og e n

(measured in nm)
65
66
P.110 Top of page

Fig. 4-10 shows how a line ... between
different energy levels.
Fig. 4-10 shows the possible transitions of an

electron between different energy levels.
P.111 Fig. 4-11

n=
n=8
n=7
n=6
n=5
n=4
Energy
levels
of a
hydrogen
atom
n=3
...
n=2
n=
n=8
n=7
n=6
n=5
n=4
Energy
levels
of a
hydrogen
atom
n=3
...
n=2
n=1
Lyman
series
Balmer
series
Paschen
series
Balmer
series
Paschen
series

... brought to higher energy levels. The unstable
electrons ... return to the ground state. This results
in ...
n=1
Lyman
series
... brought to higher energy levels. These electrons

are unstable and will return to the ground state.
The excess energy is given out as radiation of
definite wavelengths. This results in ...
P.114 1st paragraph

By observing ... (Fig. 4-14).
** Delete the paragraph.
P.114 Fig. 4-14
** Delete Fig. 4-14.
P.118 3rd paragraph, line 4

... that it is easier to remove the third and ... have
different energy states. This leads to ...
... that it is easier to remove the outermost shell

electrons of Group III and Group VI elements.
This means electrons in the same shell of different
elements have different energy states. This leads to
...
Part 2
P.120 Middle of page

The symbols given for ... respectively. The
number of orbitals in ...
The symbols given for ... respectively. They

correspond to the spectral lines in the atomic
spectra. They are:
s for sharp, p for principal,
d for diffused, f for fundamental
The number of orbitals in ...
P.134 Table
Atomic
Number
Element
Atomic
Number
Element
33
Antimony
33
Arsenic
(a) (i)
Silicon; and
P.135 Check Point 5-2, part (a)

(a) (i)
(ii)
79
Gold Au; and

Uranium
238
U.
P.138 4th paragraph

They have either ... (see Groups IB & IIB).
They have either ... (see Groups IB & IIB). It should

be noted that the electronic configuration of
Group VIB is [ ]ns1(n-1)d5 but not [ ]ns2(n-1)d4.
P.139 Fig. 5-7

: The general formula ... first 36 elements in
Periodic Table.
(ii) Copper.
The general formula ... first 36 elements in Periodic

Table. Note that the electronic configuration of
Group VIB is [ ]ns1(n-1)d5 but not [ ]ns2(n-1)d4.
P.140 Bottom of page and P.141 top of page

... enthalpy is the size of their atoms. As the size
... of each element decrease down a group.
... enthalpy is the size of their atoms. Going down a

group, there is an increase in the number of
electron shells. As the size of atoms increases down
the group, the outermost electrons of these atoms
would be further away from the nucleus.
Therefore, the ionization enthalpies of individual
atoms of each element decrease down a group.
67
68
P.144 Bottom of page

Mg (g) Mg (g) + 2e
+
2+
Mg2+(g) Mg3+(g) + e
Mg3+(g) Mg4+(g) + 4e
Mg3+(g) Mg4+(g) + e
Mg (g) Mg (g) + 3e
2+
Mg+(g) Mg2+(g) + e
3+
P.146 Example 5-1

For the element carbon 1C ,
26
(a)
Give ... Fe.
P.152 Q19
Explain the general trend of the f irst

ionization enthalpies with respect to ...
(d) Explain the irregularity of ... the f irst

ionization enthalpies.
(c)
Explain the general trend of the first ionization

enthalpies from Li to F.
(d) Explain the irregularity of ... the first ionization

enthalpies from Li to F.
P.154 Q11
2
(d) A doubly ... 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 3d .
(b) the alkali metal with 19 electrons;
P.154 Q8
(c)
... electrons originally present in the atom. This

would ...
4. ... degenerate orbitals have extra stability.
(b) the alkali metal without 4p electrons;
Give ... 26Fe.
P.150 Point 5.4, line 6

4. ... orbitals have extra stability.
C,
P.148 last paragraph, line 5

... electrons originally present in the atom
(screening effect). This would ...
12
6
P.147 Check Point 5-4, part (a)

(a)
For the element
(d) A doubly ... 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 3d .
P.155 Q12
Suppose that the Pauli principle indicated ...
Suppose that the Pauli's Exclusion Principle

indicated ...
Part 3

... Its value depends on the local environment ...
of molecule is called the mean bond enthalpy ...
P.171 Table 6-3
2+
Zn
NO3
SO42
839
814
83.9
81.4
Hfo (kJ mol 1)
Substance
Hfo (kJ mol 1)
Cu (s)
48.5
CuS (s)
48.5
P.174 Upper part of page

o
The standard enthalpy ... of hydrogen (Hc [H2(g)])

is ...
P.181 Check Point 6-4, part (a), line 8

(a) ... aqueous ammonia. (Density of water
= 1 g cm-3)
P.182 Check Point 6-4, part (c)

(c) A student used ... in Fig. 6-13 ...
2+
SO42
Substance
(a) ... aqueous ammonia
Zn
NO3
P.173 Table 6-4
2. ... The standard enthalpy ... of hydrogen (Hco)

[H2(g)], is ...
... Its value depends on the specific local environment

... of molecules having the particular bond is called
the mean bond enthalpy ...
(c) A student used ... in Fig. 6-14 ...
P.187 Example 6-5

C(s)(graphite) + O2(g) CO2(g)
Ho
f [CO2(g)]
1
H2(g) + O2(g) H2O(l)
2
Ho
f [H2O(l)]
C(s)(graphite) + O2(g) CO2(g)

Hc [C(s)]
o
H2(g) +
1
O2(g) H2O(l)
2
Hc [H2(g)]
o
69
70
P.188 Top of page

Note:
H1 = Hf [CO2(g)]
o
H1 = Hc [C(s)]
o
Note:
H2 = 2 Hf [H2O(l)]
..
.
H2 = 2 Hc [H2(g)]
.
.
.
o
= Ho
f [CO2(g)] + 2 Hf [H2O(l)]
= Hc [C(s)] + 2 Hc [H2(g)]
o
P.190 Example 6-9

Making use of Hess's law,
Making use of Hess's law,
H = H2 H1
o
H = 2H2 H1
o
P.194 Q 20, line 3

1
... of 1 560 J kg K . The ...
... of 1 560 J K . The ...
P.197 Q 13(c)
Na (g) + Cl (g) NaCl(s)
NaCl(s) Na (g) + Cl (g)

+
P.211 Fig. 7-8
H
72
Li
52
Be
H
72
B
29
Na
71
C
120
N
3
O
142
O
+844
F
348
59.8
Si
180
P
70
S
S
200 +532
Cl
364
Na
52.9
Li
B
29
Be
1240
C
122
N
3
O
142
O
+780
F
322
Si
120
P
74
S
200
S
+590
Cl
348
Br
342
Br
324
I
314
I
295
P.212 Upper part of page

...
lattice
[Na Cl (s)]
...
H = H
o
lattice
[Na Cl (s)]
Part 4
P.215 Example 7-1

(b) Calculate a lattice enthalpy for this oxide of
boron.
(b) Calculate the lattice enthalpy for aluminium

oxide.
P.215 Solution
(a)
3B3+(g), 3O2 (g)
H4 = 3 (142 + 884)
= 2 226 kJ mol1
3O(g), 2Al 3+(g)
(b) ... = 15 541 kJ mol
H4 = 3 (142 + 884)
= 2 226 kJ mol1
3+
2AI (g), 3O(g)
(b) ... = -15 541 kJ mol
o
atom
[ 21 Cl2(g)] + 3 HE.A.
+ 3 Hoatom [ 21 Cl2(g)] + 3 ..
P.219 Fig. 7-10, bottom left
1 000
1
Cl 2(g)]
2
1 HI.E. [Mg(g)]
st
Hatom [
Hatom [
HE.A. [Cl(g)]
1 000
H atom [Mg(s)]
Hf [MgCl(s)]
Hf [MgCl(s)]
1 000
1 000
Formation of MgCl
Formation of MgCl
P.219 Check point 7-2

(a) List two ... of the enthalpy change of
formation of the ionic compound.
HE.A. [Cl(g)]
Hlattice [MgCl(s)]
0
H atom [Mg(s)]
1
Cl 2(g)]
2
1stHI.E. [Mg(g)]
Hlattice [MgCl(s)]
0
-1
P.218 Lower middle part of page

+ 3 H
-1
3+
2AI (g), 3O2 (g)
(a) List two ... of the lattice enthalpy of an ionic

compound.
P.229 Q15
15. Explain the following terms with suitable
equation(s).
15. Explain the following terms with a suitable

example.
71
72
P.230 Q17
Ca2+
Ca2+
P.230 Q19
(b) From the result in (a), deduce ... not.
... lying vacant 3d orbital for bond ...
P.237 First paragraph, line 2

... The presence of the low-lying d-orbital ...
... The presence of the low-lying vacant d-orbital ...
P.240 Fig. 8-14
5 000
Standard enthalpy change of combustion ( kJ mol 1)
Standard enthalpy change of combustion ( kJ mol 1)
(b) From the result in (a), comment on the stability

of the compound XY2(s).

... lying 3d orbital for bond ...
4 000
3 000
2 000
1 000
5 000
4 000
3 000
2 000
1 000
0
CH4
C2H6 C3H8 C4H10 C5H12 C6H14
CH3OH
C3H7OH
C2H5OH
C5H11OH
C4H9OH
CH4
C7H15OH
C6H13OH
C8H17OH
C2H6 C3H8 C4H10 C5H12 C6H14
CH3OH
C3H7OH
C2H5OH
C5H11OH
C4H9OH
C7H15OH
C6H13OH
C8H17OH
Part 4

... additional t CH2 t group. This occurs as ...
with molar mass.
P.242 Table 8-2
Bond
Bond
..
.
CvC
CtC
..
.
..
.
CvC
C t Cl
..
.

C(graphite)(s) + 2H2(g) ...
2.
C(g) ...
2.
From energy cycle and Hesss law
C(g) ...
Given: H1 ...

Energy required
Energy released
Energy required
Energy released
= E(C uC) + E(H t H)
= E(C t C) + 2E(C t H)
= E(C uC) + E(H t H)
= E(C t C) + 2E(C t H)
= 606 + 431
= 347 + 2(413)
= 612 + 436
= 348 + 2(412)
= 1 037 kJ mol
= 1 173 kJ mol
Hf = 1 073 + (1 173)
o
= 136 kJ mol1
From energy cycle and Hess's law

C(graphite)(s) + 2H2(g) ...
Given: H1 ...
... additional t CH2 t group. This shows that the

amount of energy associated with a particular
bond is more or less constant.
= 1 048 kJ mol
= 1 172 kJ mol1
Ho
f = 1 048 + (1 172)
= 124 kJ mol
P.248 First paragraph, line 1

The covalent radius is the space occupied by an
atom in a ...
The covalent radius is the distance between the

nucleus and the bonding electrons in a ...
73
74
P.249 Example 8-1
**Move Example 8-1 to P.254, before Example

8-2.
(a)
(a)
Explain why CCl4 is tetrahedral in shape but

NCl3 is not.
(a)
In CCl 4 , there are four bond pairs of

electrons. The bond pairs have to stay as far
away as possible. They take up the shape of a
tetrahedron and so CCl4 is tetrahedral in
shape. The four electron pairs in NCl3 take
the shape of a tetrahedron as well. However,
one of the electron pairs is a lone pair and the
other three are bond pairs. To account for the
shape of NCl3, we do not consider the lone
pair. The shape of NCl3 is trigonal pyramid.
Explain the fact ... shapes.

(a)
Both CCl4 and ... is resulted.
(b) BCl3 has six electrons (boron atom is sp 2

hybridized) round the central atom ...
(b) BCl3 has six electrons round the central atom

...
P.250 Check Point 8-4

(a)
The following data ... Cl2.

(i)
Predict the approximate bond length

and bond enthalpies of SiH4 ...
..
.
(Hint: Assume both bond length and
bond enthalpy are addictive)
(a)
**Delete the sentence "The following data ...

Cl2."
(i)
Predict the approximate bond length of

SiH4 ...
..
.
(Hint: Assume that bond length is
additive.)
(ii) Assume ... observed.

(ii) Assume ... observed?
P.250 Lower middle part of page, line 3 of

paragraph
... orbitals and pairing of electrons. The more ...
their atomic orbitals. Hence, a covalent bond ...
... orbitals and pairing of electrons. The strongest

bond will be formed when the atoms approach
each other in such a way that there is an overlap
of their atomic orbitals and the potential energy
of the system is a minimum. Hence, a covalent bond
...
Part 4
P.251 Middle and lower parts of page

... the lone pair and bond pair will stay further
away than the two bond pairs. ...
120
C
P=
**Delete the whole paragraph.
q1q2
r
P.264 1st paragraph

The calculation of the ... in the calculation.
**Delete the whole pargraph.

... while the anion is large and has a low charge.
... applications include watch crystals, lifetime drill

bits, etc.

The lattice enthalpy is ...
121 - 122
H
(>120)
118 - 119
C
C
(<120)
H

... applications are endless: scratch proof
cookware, watch cr ystals, hard discs and
eyeglasses, lifetime drill bits, ball bearings and
razor blade.
120
... the lone pair will stay further away than the
three bond pairs. ...
P.256 Fig. 8-26

H
** Change all "bond pair electrons" to "bond

pairs of electrons".
... while the anion is large.

(a) ... X+Br is purely ionic, ....
..
.
(a) ... X+Br is nearly purely ionic, ...

..
.
(b) It belongs to ... and Br.
(b) As X+ must have a low polarizing power. Its

charge/volume ratio should be small. X is a
Group I metal.
75
76
P.269 Fig. 9-6

________ Ionic bond
________ Covalent bond
________ Ionic bond with covalent character
________ Polar covalent bond
________ Polar covalent bond
________ Ionic bond with covalent character
________ Covalent bond
________ Ionic bond
P.275 Section 9.1, point (3), line 2

... implies the presence of pure ionic bonds while
a large ...
P.277 Q14
(a)
... ionic radii of the Group IIA ions?
(a)
... ionic radii of the Group IIA elements?
P.277 Q15
15. Fine jets of liquid CHCl3 and ...
15. Fine jets of liquid PCl3 and ...
... implies that the compound is almost purely ionic

while a large ...
P.277 Q16
16. Compare the sizes of the ions:
F
Cl
..
.
0.136 nm
Al3+
16. Consider the sizes of the ions:

0.050 nm
0.181 nm
Cl 0.181 nm
..
.
Al3+
0.050 nm
Based on the ... halides do not exist.
Based on the ... halides is rare.
P.277 Q19
... the theoretical value of lattice enthalpy of
calcium fluoride with the ... value?
P.277 Q21
21. Write a short essay on electroregativity.
... the theoretical lattice enthalpy of a substance

with the experimentally determined value?
21. Write a short essay on electronegativity.

... The strength of the weak intermolecular forces
(or van der Waal's forces) affects ...
... The strength of the weak intermolecular forces

affects ...
Part 4
P.290 Fig. 11-2

Instantaneous
dipole
+
Instantaneous
dipole
Instantaneous
dipole
Instantaneous
dipole
P.290 Fig. 11-3

Induced
dipole
d+
Induced
dipole
+
d-
He
He
He
77
He
P.291 Fig. 11-5
Induced
in
dipole
non-polar
molecule
Induced
in
dipole
non-polar
molecule
Permanent dipole
in polar molecule
Permanent dipole
in polar molecule
78

... which hold the noble gas atoms together ...
P.292 Fig. 11-6(b)
Fig. 11-7 Two isomers of C5H12
(b) Plastics are substances which have extraordinarily strong van der Waal's forces. Explain
why the van der Waal's forces are so strong in
plastics.

... include iodine, napthalene, solid ...
... a definite internal of time, but the average ...

(b) Name a substance which ... in this substance.
... For example, the two isomers with molecular

formula C5H12 have ...

Fig. 11-7 Two isomers of pentane
P.293 1st pargraph, line 3

... a definite interval of time, which is large
compared with the instantaneous time. But the
average ...

... For example, the two isomers of pentane
(C5H12) have ...
... which hold these non-polar molecules together ...
... include iodine, naphthalene, solid ...
P.300 2nd paragraph, line 3

... hydrogen. But there are three C t Cl bonds ...
polarization of the C t H bond increases. The ...
... hydrogen. Therefore, CH bond can be

considered as non-polar. However, there are three
CCl bonds ... polarization of the CH bond
increases. The ...
Part 4
P.300 Fig. 11-16
H
Cl
Cl
H
C 2H 5
Cl
CH3
A hydrogen atom or a
R:
n:
non-polar organic group

A large positive integer
n:
Dipole-dipole interaction ... while

instantaneous ...
(a) Name the types of bonding or intermolecular

forces that are ...
2.
Dipole-dipole interaction is present between

polar molecules; dipole-induced dipole
interaction is present between a polar
molecule and a non-polar molecule, while
instantaneous ...
P.312 Q20
**Delete Q 20 part (c).

... and are free to move within layers. So, ...
P.320 Example 12-1

What is the type of bonding present ... ?
A hydrogen atom or an
organic group
a large positive integer
P.309 Section 11.2, 2
... and are free to move under the influence of an

electric field. So, ...
Hydrogen bond
R:
(c) Account for the ...
C 2H 5
CH3
2.
P.304 Diagram at bottom of page
(a) Name the types of bonding that are ...
Cl
Hydrogen bond
What are the types of attractive forces present ... ?
P.332 Q44
(c) H
atom
[MgCl2(s)] = ...
atom
for the process = ...
(c) Hf [MgCl2(s)] = ...

o
H for the process = ...

o
79
80
A-6
Chapter 1
*Check Point 1-1
(b) X is
228
88
X.
(b) X is
228
88
Ra .
Y is
228
89
Y.
Y is
228
89
Ac .
Z is
228
90
Z.
Z is
228
90
Th .
A-6
Chapter 2
*Check Point 2-2

(c)
1.6 g
(d) 1.6 g
*Check Point 2-3

(c)
V2 = 15.06 atm
(c)
V2 = 15.06 cm3
*Check Point 2-5

(b) (ii) Partial pressure of He = 103 371 Nm
Total pressure = 146 787 Nm
A-6
Partial pressure of N2 = 22 752 Nm
Partial pressure of Ar = 20 697 Nm
Total pressure = 146 786 Nm
Chapter 3
*Check Point 3-1
CH3
H
CH2
C 3H 6
(i) Propene
H C
HNO3
HNO3
(ii) Nitric acid
N
O
(iii) Ethanol
C 2H6O
C2H5OH or
C 2H6O
CO
C
C
Structural
formula
Structural formula:
Empirical Molecular
formula
formula
Compound
Molecular formula: C3H6
(a)
Empirical formula: CH2
(a)
(b) (ii) Partial pressure of He = 103 337 Nm
Partial pressure of N2 = 22 742 Nm

Partial pressure of Ar = 20 674 Nm
CH2OH
(iv) Glucose
CH2O
C6H12O6
H
HO OH
H
OH
H H
OH
Answers for Check Points
*Check point 3-8

(b) 96.7%
(b) 55.6%
A-7
Chapter 5
*Check Point 5-2

(a) Gold: [Xe] 6s14f 145d10
(a) (i)
[Xe]
5d
4f
2
(b) Uranium: [Rn] 7s 6d 5f
3s
3p
1
(ii) Cu: [Ar] 4s 3d
[Rn]
10
[Ar ]
7s
A-7
[Ne]
6s
Si: [Ne] 3s 3p
6d
4s
5f
3d
Chapter 6
*Check Point 6-2

(a) (i)
(ii)
76 kJ mol ; ...
76 kJ; ...
(ii) 184 kJ; ...
(iii) 484 kJ; ...
484 kJ mol ; ...
(iii) 417 kJ mol ; ...

1
(iv) 1 031 kJ; ...
(v) 8 340 kJ; ...
(iv) 2 081 kJ mol ; ...

(v)
(a) (i)
8 545 kJ mol ; ...
*Check Point 6-4
(b) 697.2 kJ mol1
(b) 21.84 kJ mol
(c) 21.84 kJ mol1
(c) 697.2 kJ mol
A-8
Chapter 11
*Check Point 11-13

(a) ...
*Check point 11-3

(a) (i)
...
(b) ...
(ii) ...
(c) ...
(iii) ...
(d) ... covalent bond and metallic bond
(iv) ... covalent bond, metallic bond and

hydrogen bond
(e) ...
(v) ...
81
82
A-9
21.
A-9
Chapter Exercise 1
230
90
Th ...
21. (e)
230
90
Th ...
Chapter Exercise 2
19. 641 cm3
19. 320 cm
20. 320 cm3
20. 641 cm3
A-10 Chapter Exercise 3

8.
30.96%
10. Volumetric analysis
8.
30.96%
9.
(a) 2CO(g) + O2(g) 2CO2(g)

(b) Na2CO3(s) + 2HCl(aq) 2NaCl(aq) +
H2O(l) + CO2(g)
(c) 5I(aq) + IO3(aq) + 6H+(aq) 3I2(aq)
+ 3H2O(l)
(d) 5Fe2+(aq) + MnO 4(aq) + 8H+(aq)
5Fe3+(aq) + Mn2+(aq) + 4H2O(l)
(e) 5SO32(aq) + 2MnO4(aq) + 6H+(aq)
5SO42(aq) + 2Mn2+(aq) + 3H2O(l)
10. Volumetric analysis

25. (c) 0.237 m
25. (c) 0.237
(d) 80.17 %
A-10 Part 1 Further Exercise

6.
(b)
2.37 dm
(c)
2.54 dm
12. (c)
(d)
(d) 80.18 %
6.
(b) 2.39 dm3

(c) 2.56 dm3
(i)
22.4 cm
(ii)
44.8 cm
(i)
oxygen
(ii)
hydrogen
(c) (i)
oxygen
(ii) hydrogen
22.4 cm
(ii) 44.8 cm
(d) (i)

3.
(e)
1s22s22p63s23p64s13d10
**Delete Q3 part(e).
Answers for Exercises

3.
(d)
11. (a)
Germanium; Period 4; group IV
3.
(d) I.E. = 5 320 kJ mol1
11. (a) Germanium; Period 4; Group IVA
(b)
Chlorine; Period 3; group VII
(b) Chlorine; Period 3; Group VIIA
(c)
Chlorine; Period 3; group VII
(c) Chlorine; Period 3; Group VIIA
(d)
Scandium; Period 4; Group IIIB
(d) Manganese; Period 4; Group VIIB
12. (b)
I.E. = 5 320 mol
(i)
H2
12. (b) (i)
H3
(ii)
H2O
(ii) H7O
(iii)
NH3
(iii) NH8

13. (c)
1 390 kJ
16. (a)
54.99 kJ g
13. (c) 3.98 kJ

1
16. (a) For hydrogen: 140.5 kJ g1

For methane: 54.99 kJ g1

4.
(c)
+18.45 kJ mol1
4.
(c) +20.0 kJ mol

12. K = 4
12. K+ = 4
Cl = 4
Cl = 4
83

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62

Errata to Book 1 (First Edition, 1997)

2nd paragraph, line 1

... the mass/charge (m/e) ratio and the velocity of

*Note: Beryllium and fluorine have no isotopes.

P.11 Table 1-4

... the mass/charge (m/e) ratio of the particles ...

Bottom of Table 1-3

*Note: Fluorine has no isotope.

P.12 1st paragraph, line 2

... nucleus of the uranium () atom 92U ...

... nucleus of the uranium () atom

P. 13 Fig. 1-23 (b)

** There should not be a white spot in the middle

P.14 2nd paragraph, line 1

During the reaction, one of the ... into a proton

P.17 Fig. 1-27

It has negligible mass and ...

P.15 Last paragraph, line 1

y-axis: Mass number

P.17 Last paragraph, line 4

... unknown in nature. Most of these isotopes formed

P.19 Check point 1-1, part (b)

P.24 Fig. 1-36(b)

P.26 Lower middle part of page

P.46 Middle of page

The relative atomic mass ... can be found in

P.29 Section 1.5, 3., table

The volatile liquid is stored in the ... with steam.

P.55 Table 2-2

**Delete the row of Sodium.

Errata to Book 1 (First Edition, 1997)

How much ammonia could ... conditions?

P.67 Example 3-3, Solution

Relative number of moles

P.77 Check Point 3-7, part (c)

Therefore, the molecular ... is C2H6.

P.69 Bottom of Example 3-5

Relative number of moles

20 cm 3 of a gaseous hydrocarbon and

20 cm of a gaseous hydrocarbon and 150 cm

P.78 Bottom of page

... the end point () of the titration.

... the equivalence point (

Titration with an Indicator

The end point of a titration ... from the acid.

Titration with an Indicator

P.79 Table 3-3

P.86 Check Point 3-8, part (b)

The equivalence point of an acid-base ...

(b) 8.54 g of hydrated iron (II) sulphate ...

P.87 Section 3.6, 4

P.84 Fig. 3-8(a), left-hand side

Sulphur has the formula S 8 under

(c) Sulphur has the formula S8 under room

... crystallization per molecule of ...

13. (c) ... crystallization per unit of ...

P.106 Fig. 4-4

**Delete the column of "Cosmic rays".

P.107 Fig. 4-6

**Exchange the diagrams in Fig. 4-6(a) and

P.108 Table 4-2, caption