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Chng 1
Sn 2 phng
(ng c 2 sau)
Trang 1
Hnh 1.1
Vy ta c:
5 q.L4
5 M .L2
5 M 1 .L1
f1
48 E.J
f2
5 M 2 .L2
48 E.J
5 M 1 .L1
5 M 2 .L2
48 E.J
48 E.J
M1L1 =
M2L22
L
M1= M2 2
L1
M1 = 2 M2
o T cng thc (1.1) ta thy:
Nu L1=L2 th =1, tc l M1=M2.
Nu =2, th M1= 4.M2.
Nu =3, th M1= 9.M2.
L2
L1
t =
(1.1)
Trang 2
1
L1 cho sn cc tng c ti trng va,
50
o hs =
1
L1 cho sn cc tng c ti trng ln,
40
h=
1
1
1
L ; b = h .
12
4
2
Trang 3
MI = k91.P
tra bng ph lc 1;
MII = k92.P
P = (p+g)L1.L2 = q.L1.L2.
i: l loi s sn (1 11)
M2 = mi2.P
MI = ki1.P
MII = ki2.P
(1.2)
Trang 4
Hnh 1.4
B tr thp sn nh hnh (a) c
th thay th bng cch b tr
nh hnh (b)
(a)
(b)
Trang 5
S1
S1
S2
S2
B1
S4
S5
S3
S3
S6
S6
Ti ca sn truyn vo c dng
hnh thang, tam gic hay hnh ch nht
tu thuc vo kch thc sn, ni
chung dng truyn ti da vo gc
truyn lc ca tm sn vo dm, gc
ny c xc nh t ng phn gic
ca cc gc tm sn (hnh 1.5), c th
thy nu gc tm sn vung th ng
phn ti l gc 45o so vi dm v ta
cng c nhn nh l :
A
L2
L1
L1
L2
Trang 6
(1.3)
5
qL1/2
8
(1.4)
L1
2 * L2
1,00
1,02
1,04
1,06
1,08
1,10
1,12
1,14
1,16
1,18
0,625
0,637
0,649
0,660
0,671
0,681
0,690
0,700
0,709
0,717
L2/L1
1,20
1,22
1,24
1,26
1,28
1,30
1,32
1,34
1,36
1,38
0,725
0,733
0,740
0,748
0,754
0,761
0,767
0,773
0,779
0,785
Trang 7
1,40
1,42
1,44
1,46
1,48
1,50
1,52
1,54
1,56
1,58
0,790
0,796
0,801
0,806
0,810
0,815
0,819
0,823
0,827
0,831
L2/L1
1,60
1,62
1,64
1,66
1,68
1,70
1,72
1,74
1,76
1,78
0,835
0,839
0,842
0,846
0,849
0,852
0,856
0,859
0,862
0,864
L2/L1
1,80
1,82
1,84
1,86
1,88
1,90
1,92
1,94
1,96
1,98
2,00
0,867
0,870
0,872
0,875
0,877
0,880
0,882
0,884
0,886
0,889
0,891
Trang 8
TNH TI
TH2 = TT + HT2
HOT TI 1
TH3 = TT + HT3
HOT TI 2
(1)
HOT TI 3
(2)
B
(3)
D
Trang 9
Chng 2
D
M NGANG
D
M DO
C
Trang 10
2.2.1. i vi dm:
C th chn s b chiu cao dm h=
1
L, vi m cho trong bng 2.1:
m
Mt nhp
nhiu nhp
10 12
12 16
12 16
16 20
12 18
16 24
18 24
30 35
18 30
30 40
M
(ly trn s); h = ho + a.
Rb b
2.2.2. i vi ct:
S
N
Rb
Trang 11
20*35
20*40
25*50
30*60
25*50
20*35
20*40
25*50
25*50
20*30
25*35
30*60
100.000
= 1272 cm2.
110
30*60
F = 1,4*
25*35
N
( chn k=1,4 - lch tm nhiu)
Rb
30*60
Ct bin F= k*
30*40
30*40
20*30
150.000
= 1909 cm2.
110
Trang 12
TANG TRET
MAT NEN
A GIANG MONG
V TR
LIEN KET CNG
MONG
TANG TRET
MAT NEN
A KIENG
V TR
LIEN KET CNG
A GIANG MONG
MONG
Trang 13
Trang 14
Cao
H s
K
Q= Wo*K*C*n*B
C=0,8 (gi y)
Tng 1 -2
q1
q4
Tng 3 4
q2
q5
Tng 5 6
.
q3
q6
q6
q3
q2
q1
q5
q4
Trang 15
C th tnh khung bng tay, bng nhiu phng php (nu l khung n gin).
Hoc tnh bng phn mm (SAP, STAAD, ETAB) vi chnh xc cao v
nhanh chng.
Ta cn t hp ti trng (combination load) nhm tm ra c gi tr ni lc thc
s nguy him cho kt cu trong cc tnh hung ti c th xy ra. Nguyn tc t
hp nh sau:
o Trc ht tch ring trng hp tnh ti, gii ni lc ring,
o Chia hot ti thnh nhiu trng hp c th xy ra trn thc t, ch nn
cht ti nhng trng hp thc s nguy him, b qua nhng trng hp
khng nguy him gim s trng hp ti phi gii, theo phn tch (xem
cc cu kin l n hi) ta c cc trng hp sau l nguy him:
(HT1) Hot ti cht y: cho ta gi tr lc dc ct ln nht.
(HT2) Hot ti t cch nhp (cch tng): cho ta gi tr momen
nhp (M+ max) ln nht trn nhp t ti.
(HT3) t so le vi trng hp HT2.
(HT4) t 2 nhp lin tc, sole tng: cho ta gi tr momen gi ln
nht (M- min) k 2 nhp t ti.
(HT5) t sole vi trng hp 4.
(HT6) t sole vi trng hp 4, 5.
(GT) Go tc dng t pha tri cng trnh.
(GP) Go tc dng t pha phi cng trnh.
HT1
HT2
HT3
q4
q2
HT5
HT6
q2
q3
q1
HT4
GT
q1
GP
Trang 16
Trang 17
<M>
<Q>
Mi phn t ct ta ch cn tnh vi
1 mt ct ti chn ct hoc u ct,
bi v momen u ct hoc chn
ct l ln nht, cn lc dc th ln
nht chn mi on ct.
<N>
Chng 2. Tnh ton khung btng ct thp ton khi
Trang 18
L/2
L/3
L/4
III
V TR II
Trang 19
B tr thp ti nt ct vi dm ngang v dm dc
V TR III
V TR IV
Trang 20
Chng 3
Trang 21
hoc xem bc c b dy trung bnh l 10cm, nhn cho trng lng ring ca
vt liu xy bc.
-
Ti trng tc dng ln chiu ngh l q2: cng gm c tnh ti v hot ti, hot
ti ging nh tc dng trn v thang, tnh ti gm c cu to cc lp sn
chiu ngh (khng c bc).
Trang 22
Trang 23
DA M SAN
3
4
1
1
2
4
5
MAT CAT 1 - 1
DCN
1
COT
2
5
MAT CAT 2 - 2
2
5
2
7
1
7
Trang 24
Momen 3-3
Ta tnh ra ni lc ca
bn thang xon (xem nh
dm c tit din b rng
bng 100cm v cao bng b
dy bn - hb), ly gi tr
momen un ln nht
(momen 3-3 - thng 2
u cu kin) tnh thp chu
un, tng thm 50% v b tr
cho bn (xem bn v). Thp
Chng 4. Tnh ton cu thang btng ct thp ton khi
Trang 25
theo phng ngang chu tip lc xon (momen 2-2) nn c hn cht vo ct thp dc
(hoc buc k tng thanh). Ch v tr chu lc nguy him nht l ch lin kt vi dm
trn v di (chiu i v chiu n), cn c neo k hoc hn vo ct thp dm.
Trong hnh bn: thp s 1,2 l thp chu lc, thp s 3 l thp cu to nhng b
tr khng t hn 6a150.
3.2. Cc dng thang c dm limon chu lc:
3.2.1. Thang 2 v gp khc song song:
a). Phn tch kt cu:
V mt chu lc thang ny c dm limon 2 bn
bn thang, p dng cho trng hp thang c kch thc
ln. Ta phn tch tnh ton cc cu kin nh sau:
Bn thang: tnh ton nh bn k 4 cnh, ty theo
t s 2 cnh m bn lm vic 1 phng hoc 2
phng.
Bn chiu ngh: cng tnh tng t bn thang.
Dm LM3: tnh nh dm n, 2 u gi ln DC v DCN1. Chu ti trng
gm: trng lng bn thn dm, lan can, bn thang truyn vo.
P1
q3
q2
COT
DAM KHUNG
DAM LM1
Trang 26
q2
P1
q3
DAM KHUNG
COT
DAM LM2
Trang 27
3.2.2. Thang 3 v :
phn tch kt cu gn
ging nh thang 2 v:
Cc v thang 1 v 3
tnh nh bn 1 phng
(hoc 2 phng).
V thang 2 cng vi
chiu ngh lm vic 1
phng (theo phng
ngang).
Cc dm limon LM1,
LM1, LM3 tnh nh
i vi thang 2 v.
Dm limon LM2 v LM2 c s nh hnh di.
B tr thp tham kho dng thang 2 v.
3.3. Thang xng c:
L dng kt cu dm limon chu lc, nhng bc thang l dng bn consol
(cantilevel) chu lc; kt cu c phn tch nh sau:
Bc thang dng bn consol chu ti trng l trng lng bn thn bc v ngi
i, xem nh mi bc c 1 hoc 2 ngi (ty theo bc rng hay hp), trng lng
trung bnh 1 ngi ly l 75kg - an tan c th ly trung bnh 1 bc chu ti
trng trung bnh l 200kg (v 1 bn consol).
Dm limon chu ti trng ca tan b cc bc thang, sn chiu ngh v trng
lng bn thn n.
Dm chiu ngh trong tng phn tch nh trn, chu ti trng ca 2 dm limon
gi vo, trng lng tng v bn thn dm.
B tr thp ch bc thang l bc consol nn b tr thp lp trn, sn chiu
ngh cng vy, nhng an ton b tr thp 2 lp cho sn chiu ngh.
Bc thang c th thi cng ton khi hoc lp ghp, ch n thp neo bc thang
vo dm phi m bo khong neo l 30.
Trang 28
Trang 29
Chng 4
4.1. KHI NIM:
Mng (foundation base) l cu kin tip nhn tan b ti trng cng trnh, truyn
ti ny xung nn.
Tnh tan mng v nn phi da trn trng thi gii hn 1 v 2 (TTGH1, 2)
m bo chu lc v bin dng.
Ti trng dng tnh ton cho mng thng l cp ni lc Nmax Mt v Qt
cn cp lc Mmax Nt v Qt kim tra; Qmax kim tra su chn mng.
Nmax + N king = Ntt
Gi tr tiu chun Ntc= Ntt/1,15
H thng king l khng th thiu khi tnh ton mng, c th c 1 lp
king v 1 lp ging nu mng chn su (xem thm chng Khung).
Phn loi mng: Mng n, mng bng, mng b, mng cc.
4.2. MNG N (single footing, pad foundation):
4.2.1. Cu to:
Mng c th c hnh git bc (mng ln) hoc hnh thp (mng nh), nh trong
hnh.
45 o
100
HNH 1
100
100
100
ho1
h3
150
h2
h1
L1
MTN
h <600 1 bc.
600 h < 900: 2 bc u
900 h < 1050: 3 bc u
Trang 30
(4.2)
hc
Vi:
HNH 2
o
mng.
a
bc
o
45
ri tnh Fm sau xc nh c b
hc
bc
ho
hc
ho
Trang 31
45
mn nn mng)
Fm ;
o Mng ch nht th b =
Fm
,
vi = a/b = 1,2 2.
Fm*h c
bc
(4.4)
Mng vung:
Chiu cao mng c xc nh theo iu kin chng m thng (ct
m thng mng):
P 0,75Rbtbtbho.
(4.5)
Trong :
- btb: l chu vi trung bnh ca thp m thng.
btb= (bt + bd)/2
bt l chu vi nh thp m thng
= 2(b c+hc)
(4.6)
1
N
0,5(hc bc )
2 0,75Rbt P
(4.7)
Trang 32
Pd .b
0,4btr Rb
(4.9)
Mng ch nht:
Cng kim tra iu kin (4.5) nhng ch tnh 1 bn mng (xem hnh 3),
tc l P=P.F1
Vi: - F1 c th tnh gn ng nh sau: F1= a1.b; a1= 0,5(a h c) h o
o
45
F1
bc
hc
bc
ho
hc
a1
ho
HNH 3
ng sau: As=
M
0,9.Rs .ho
(4.10)
0,1L
0,1L
Trang 33
Qtc
tc
tc
tc
N dm
= N + tb.H.Fm
Ndm Mtcdm
tc
Qdm
tc
M dm
= Mtc Qtc.h Ntc.d
ptc
pmax
tc
min
tc
1,2 Rtc.
Pmax
tc
Ptbtc R
Trong :
vi Ptbtc =
tc
Pmax/
min =
tc
N dm
6e
(1 o )
Fm
L
eo=
tc
tc
Pmax
Pmin
2
(4.11)
tc
M dm
tc
N dm
ptc
min
tc
2 N dm
.
Fm
ptc
max
Trang 34
Ntc
L(Rtc-tb*H)
(4.12)
Trong :
Ntc tng lc dc tiu chun tc dng trn nh mng
b l b rng cnh mng
Trang 35
- Ptbtc Rtc
vi Ptbtc =
tc
tc
Pmax
Pmin
2
tc
- Pmin
0
Trong :
tc
Pmax/
min =
T hnh 7 ta c:
tc
N dm
6e
(1 o )
Fm
L
; eo=
tc
M dm
tc
N dm
tc
N dm
= N itc + tb.H.Fm
tc
= M itc N itc *Yi Qitc *h
M dm
Trang 36
1
13- 2
200
50
45 o
>=150
>=50
HNH 8
h Cnh
bc
bs
L1
EJ
4
4 b.k d
(4.13)
Trang 37
4 EJ
b.k d
(m)
(4.14)
2 gl
S
P
(P l ti trng nn, S l ln).
S
hay k =
2 E tb
(b l b rng mng,
b
tb
Trang 38
COT
SN MONG
Lo
BAN MONG BE
S N MO NG
Pd
BAN MON G BE
COT
SN MONG
Lo
BAN MONG BE
COT
MONG BE KIEU SN DI
BAN MONG BE
SN MONG
COT
Lo
BAN SAN TANG HAM
HNH 9
MONG BE KIEU HOP
Sy
Fm
Y=
Sx
.
Fm
V mt tnh ton mng b c th tnh theo phng php mng cng hoc
mm (quan nim nh mng bng), nu tnh mng cng ta xem bn mng nh
Chng 4. Tnh ton Mng btng ct thp ton khi
Trang 39
N .
Fm
ngc li.
Trang 40