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Phn II

Chuyn mch ATM trong tng i Alcaltel 1000E10


MM (Multimedia Mutilservice)
Ch-ng 4
Gii thiu chung v tng i Alcatel 1000 E10 MM

4.1. Cu trc chc nng v cc thng s k thut ca tng i Alcatel


1000 E10 Multi-media Multi-service :
ALCATEL1000 E10 MM l mt h thng tng i in t s do
hng ALCATEL CTI sn xut. Th h tng i E10 u tin l tng i
E10A c sn xut v a vo s dng t u nm 1970. Tng i in
t s E10B (OCB - 181) c a vo s dng trn mng Vit Nam t
nm 1990. p ng nhu cu ngy cng cao ca ca khch hng v s
pht trin ca mng vin thng, tng i lun lun c cng c, nng
cp, pht trin bng vic p dng cc thnh tu ca cng ngh vi x l v
tin hc. n nay n c tn gi A1000 E10 MM (OCB- 283).
Vi tnh nng a ng dng ALCATEL1000 E10 MM c th c s
dng cho chuyn mch c dung lng khc nhau, t loi tng i ni ht
dung lng nh cho n loi tng i chuyn tip hay ca ng quc t.
ALCATEL1000 E10 MM thch hp vi mi loi hnh mt dn s,
cc m bo hiu v cc mi trng kh hu, n to ra nhng li nhun cao
cho tt c cc dch v thng tin hin i nh: in thoi thng thng,
ISDN, cc dch v nghip v, in thoi v tuyn t bo (in thoi di
ng), cc mng PABx v cc ng dng mng thng minh.
Tng i in t s A1000 E10 MM c th u ni cc i n
200.000 thu bao, 60.000 trung k. Dung lng x l cc i ca h thng
l 280 CA/S (cuc th trn giy) tc l 1.000.000 BHCA (cuc th trn
gi). Dung lng u ni ca ma trn chuyn mch chnh n 2048 PCM,
n cho php x l n 25.000 Erlangs. Lu lng x l ca tng i nh
gi trong mt mi trng tham kho trung bnh nh sau:
Cu hnh tng i
Dng rt gn (C)

Thu bao c nh (CA/S)


1618

Thu bao di ng (CA/S)


1618

Dng nh (P)
Dng trung bnh v
ln (M/G)

3236

3236

280

64

Bng 10 : Lu lng x l ca tng i A 1000 E10


Ngoi ra, h thng cn s dng h thng t iu chnh trnh s c
khi qu ti. K thut ny c phn b ti tng mc ca h thng da vo
s o c s lng cc cuc gi c nhu cu v s lng cc cuc gi c
x l.
Mng ton cu ca Alcatel gm mng thoi ISDN, cc mng s liu
v mng b sung gi tr (c bit trong mng b sung gi tr l mng x l
vn bn v Videotext), cc mng thng minh, cc h thng thng tin di
ng, cc mng iu hnh v bo dng v cui cng l mng B-ISDN s
dng k thut truyn dn khng ng b ATM.
Alcatel 1100
Chuyn mch
gi

Alcatel 1100

Minitel
Videotex

Freecall

Cc dch v mng
b xung gi tr

Alcatel 1400

Mng thng
minh

Alcatel
1000 E 10

ISDN
TMN
Mng qunl
vin thng

Alcatel
1300

in thoi di
ng
Visio
Conference
Phng thc
truyn dn cn
ng B bng rng
ATM

Alcatel
900

Alcatel 1000

Hnh 4-1 : Tng i Alcatel 1000 E10 t ti trung tm mng ton cu


4.2. Cu trc v chc nng ca tng i Alcatel 1000 E10 MM :

4.2.1. Cu trc chc nng ca t chc iu khin OCB283 :


Cu trc chc nng tng th:

Mng thoi knh


kt hp

Mng bo hiu s 7
CCITT

NT

Phn h
truy
nhp
thu
bao

Phn h

Mng s liu

iukhin
v u
ni

phn h
iu
hnh v
bo d-ng

PABX

Mng gia tng


gi tr

Mng iu hnh
v bo dng

Hnh 4-2 : Alcatel E10 v cc mng thng tin.

PABX: Tng i nhnh t ng ring (Tng i c quan)


NT: u cui mng

Cc giao tip ngoi vi:


. Thu bao ch 2, 3 hoc 4 dy.
. Truy nhp ISDN c s tc 144 Kb/s (2B + D).
. Truy nhp ISDN tc c bn 2 Mb/s (30 B + D).
, . Lung PCM tiu chun (2 Mb/s, 32 knh, CCITT G732).
, . Lin kt s liu tng t hoc s tc 64 Kb/s hoc PCM
tiu chun.
. ng s liu 64 Kb/s (giao thc X.25, giao tip Q3) hoc
ng tng t vi tc nh hn 19.200 baud/s.

Alcatel E10 gm 3 khi chc nng ring bit l:

- Phn h truy nhp thu bao: u ni cc ng thu bao tng


t v thu bao s.
- Phn h iu khin v u ni: Thc hin chc nng u ni v x
l gi.
- Phn h iu hnh v bo dng: H tr mi chc nng cn thit
cho iu hnh v bo dng.
Trong mi phn h chc nng, nguyn tc c bn l phn phi cc
chc nng gia cc module phn cng v phn mm. Mi khi chc nng
c phn mm ring ph hp vi chc nng m n m nhim. Nguyn tc
ny to ra nhng thun li:
p ng nhu cu v u t trong giai on lp t ban u.
Pht trin dn nng lc x l v u ni.
Ti u an ton hot ng.
Nng cp cng ngh d dng v c lp i vi cc phn khc
nhau.
p ng nhiu loi hnh dch v khc nhau nh:
Cc mng in thoi: tng t hoc s, ng b hay khng ng
b.
Cc mng bo hiu s 7 CCITT (y l c s ca mng thng
minh).
Mng b sung gi tr ( l cc dch v cung cp cho ngi s
dng mng v c kh nng xm nhp qua mng. V d: Th in t,
videotex v cc dch v thng bo chung vv...).
Cc mng s liu.
Cc mng iu hnh v bo dng.

Cc giao tip chun ca cc phn h:


- Trao i thng tin gia phn h truy nhp thu bao v phn h iu
khin v u ni s dng bo hiu s 7 CCITT. Cc phn h c u ni
bi cc ng ma trn LR hoc cc ng PCM.
- Phn h iu khin v u ni c ni ti phn h iu hnh bo
dng thng qua vng ghp thng tin MIS.

4.2.2. Cu hnh phn cng ca t chc iu khin OCB283 :

LR
CSNL

Phn
h
truy
nhp
thu
bao

BT

SMX
LR
CSND

PCM

CSED

LR

COM

URM

ETA

PUPE

Cc trung k
v cc thit b
thng bo ghi
sn
Vng ghp thng tin

OM

TMN

MQ

GX

MR

TX

TR

ALarms
PGS

Hnh 4-3 : Cu trc chc nng (v phn mm) ca OCB 283.


CSED: B tp trung thu bao xa.
CSND: n v thu bao xa.
CSNL: n v thu bao gn.

TMN : Mng qun tr vin thng.


PGS : Trm gim st tng th h thng

Sau y s l chi tit chc nng ca tng khi:


* Khi thi gian c s (BT) :
Khi thi gian c s BT chu trch nhim phn phi thi gian v
ng b cho cc thit b qua ng LR v PCM.
B phn phi thi gian l bi ba (3 n v c s thi gian).
ng b, tng i c th ly ng h bn ngoi hay s dng
chnh ng h ca n (khi BT).

* Khi ma trn chuyn mch chnh:


SMX l ma trn tu theo cu hnh vi 1 tng chuyn mch thi gian
T, n c cu trc hon ton kp, cho php u ni ti 2048 ng mng
(LR), hay cn gi l ng ma trn.
- ng ma trn l ng PCM ni b vi 16 bit trong mi knh (LR
gm 32 knh).

PC

Chi tit v khi ma trn chuyn mch chnh s c ni n trong


phn Cc trm iu khin.

* B iu khin trung k PCM (URM):


URM cung cp chc nng giao tip gia cc PCM bn ngoi v OCB
283. Cc PCM ny c th n t:
- n v truy nhp thu bao xa (CSND) hoc t b tp trung thu
bao xa CSED.
- T cc tng i khc, s dng bo hiu knh kt hp hoc bo
hiu s 7.
- T cc thit b thng bo ghi sn
Thc t URM thc hin cc chc nng sau y:
Bin i m HDB3 thnh m nh phn (bin i t trung k PCM
sang ng mng LR).
Bin i m nh phn thnh HDB3 (chuyn i t LR sang PCM).
Tch v x l bo hiu knh kt hp trong TS 16 (t trung k PCM
vo OCB).
Chn bo hiu knh kt hp vo TS 16 (t OCB ra trung k PCM).

* Khi qun l thit b ph tr (ETA):


ETA tr gip cc chc nng sau:
- To tone (GT).
- Thu pht tn hiu a tn (RGF).
- Thoi hi ngh (CCF).
- Cung cp ng h cho tng i (CLOCK).
LR
E
T
A

GT

LR

RGF

LR

CCF
CLOCK

Hnh 4-4 : Chc nng ca khi ETA

* Khi iu khin giao thc bo hiu s 7 (PUPE) v khi qun l


bo hiu s 7 (PC):
i vi cc u ni cho cc knh bo hiu 64 Kb/s, cc u ni bn
thng trc c thit lp qua ma trn u ni thit b x l giao thc bo
hiu s 7 (PUPE).
- PUPE thc hin cc chc nng sau:
X l mc 2 (mc knh s liu bo hiu).
To tuyn bn tin (1 phn trong MTP-3).
- PC thc hin cc chc nng sau:
Qun l mng bo hiu (1 phn ca MTP-3).
Phng v PUPE.
Cc chc nng gim st khc.

* Khi x l gi (MR):
- Khi x l gi MR c trch nhim thit lp v gii phng cc u
ni.
- MR a ra nhng quyt nh cn thit x l cc cuc thng tin
vi cc danh mc bo hiu nhn c v sau khi tham kho b qun l c
s d liu thu bao v phn tch (TR). B x l gi (MR) x l cc cuc
gi mi v cc hot ng t my, gii to thit b vv...
Ngoi ra, b x l gi c trch nhim thc hin cc nhim v qun l
khc (iu khin kim tra trung k, cc quan trc).

* Khi qun l c s d liu phn tch v c s d liu thu bao


(TR):
- Chc nng ca TR l thc hin qun tr vic phin dch, phn tch,
qun l c s d liu cc nhm mch trung k v thu bao.
- TR cung cp cho b x l gi (MR) cc c tnh thu bao v trung
k cn thit thit lp v gii phng cc cuc thng tin nu MR yu cu.

TR cng c nhim v phi hp gia cc s nhn c vi cc a ch ca


cc nhm trung k hoc thu bao (tin phn tch, phn tch, cc chc nng
phin dch).

* Khi o lng lu lng v tnh cc cuc gi (TX):


Nhim v ca TX l thc hin vic tnh cc thng tin.
TX thc hin nhng chc nng sau:
- Tnh ton s lng cc ph cho mi cuc thng tin.
- Lu gi khon cc ph ca mi thu bao c tng i phc v.
- Cung cp cc thng tin cn thit a ti OM phc v cho vic
lp ho n chi tit.
- Thc hin chc nng quan trc (trung k v thu bao).

* Khi qun l ma trn chuyn mch (GX):


Chc nng ca GX l chu trch nhim x l v gim st cht lng
cc ng u ni:
- Thit lp v gii phng tuyn ni t b iu khin (MR) hoc t b
phn b bn tin (MQ).
- Nhn bit cc tn hiu li trong u ni do b iu khin chuyn
mch ma trn gy ra (COM).
Ngoi ra, GX thc hin vic gim st cc kt cui ca cc thnh phn
u ni (cc ng thm nhp LA v cc ng ni b ti LCXE), theo
nh k hoc theo yu cu t cc ng no .

* Khi phn phi bn tin (MQ):


MQ m nhim chc nng phn phi v to dng cc bn tin ni b
nht nh nhng trc tin n thc hin:
- Gim st cc tuyn ni bn c nh (cc tuyn s liu bo hiu).
- X l cc bn tin t ETA v GX ti v pht cc bn tin ti ETA v
GX.
Ngoi ra, cc trm tr gip MQ hot ng nh cng cho cc bn tin
gia cc vng ghp thng tin.

* Mch vng thng tin (Token ring):


chuyn thng tin t trm ny ti trm kia, tng i Alcatel
1000E10 MM s dng t 1 ti 5 mch vng thng tin. Vic trao i cc
bn tin ny c thc hin bi duy nht 1 kiu mi trng, l mch
vng thng tin TOKEN RING, s dng 1 giao thc duy nht v giao thc
ny c x l ph hp vi tiu chun IEEE 802.5.
- Mch vng n (cu hnh rt gn) c gi l mch vng gia cc
trm MIS.

- Mt mch vng ghp lin trm (MIS) dnh cho trao i ln nhau
gia cc chc nng iu khin hoc gia cc chc nng iu khin vi
phn mm iu hnh v bo dng (OM).
- T 1 ti 4 vng ghp thm nhp trm (MAS) trao i gia cc
chc nng u ni (URM, COM, PUPE) v cc chc nng iu khin.

* Chc nng iu hnh v bo dng (OM):


Cc chc nng ca phn h iu hnh v bo dng c thc hin
bi phn mm vn hnh v bo dng (OM).
N cho php thm nhp vo tt c thit b phn cng v phn mm
ca h thng Alcatel 1000 E10 thng qua cc thit b u cui l cc my
tnh thuc phn h vn hnh v bo dng nh: u cui ph tr, mi
trng t tnh, u cui thng minh. Cc chc nng ny c th c phn
thnh 2 loi:
- Vn hnh cc ng dng thoi.
- Vn hnh v bo dng h thng.
Ngoi ra, phn h iu hnh v bo dng cn thc hin cc chc
nng sau:
- Np cc phn mm v s liu cho cc phn h iu khin v u
ni v cho cc n v thm nhp v thu bao s.
- Cp nht thng tin v ho n chi tit.
- Tp trung s liu cnh bo t cc trm iu khin v u ni thng
qua cc mch vng cnh bo.
- Phng v tp trung cho ton b h thng.
Phn h iu hnh v bo dng cho php thng tin 2 hng vi cc
mng iu hnh v bo dng, mc vng v quc gia (TMN).
Ch-ng 5
Cu trc chc nng v hot ng ca cc trm
iu khin (SM) trong tng i A 1000 E10 MM

Thit b phn cng ca chuyn mch OCB 283 gm 1 tp hp cc


trm iu khin (Trm a x l) (SM). Cc trm ny trao i thng tin vi
nhau thng qua 1 hay mt s vng ghp thng tin (MIS hoc MAS). Trm
iu khin gm: 1 hay nhiu b x l, 1 hay nhiu b ni thng minh (
l cc b iu khin giao tip) c u ni vi nhau thng qua 1 bus v
trao i s liu thng qua 1 b nh chung.

Hnh 5-1 : Cu trc phn cng ca OCB283


- C 5 loi trm iu khin tng ng vi nhng chc nng m n
cung cp l:
SMC: trm iu khin chnh (main control SM)
SMA: trm iu khin cc thit b ph tr (auxiliary equipment SM)
SMT: trm iu khin trung k (PCM trunk SM)
SMX: trm iu khin chuyn mch chnh (swiching matrix SM)
SMM: trm iu khin vn hnh v bo dng (maintenace SM)
5.1. Cu trc chc nng v hot ng trm iu khin chnh SMC :
5.1.1. Vai tr :
Trm iu khin chnh (SMC) tr gip cc chc nng sau:
- MR (iu khin cuc gi): X l cuc gi.
- CC (iu khin thng tin): x l p dng cho im phc v SSP.
- TR (phin dch): c s d liu.
- TX (tnh cc): Tnh cc thng tin.
- MQ (phn b bn tin): thc hin phn phi bn tin.

- GX (qun l ma trn): Qun l u ni.


- PC (qun l bo hiu s 7): Qun l mng bo hiu.
Tu theo cu hnh v lu lng c iu khin, 1 hay nhiu cc
chc nng ny c th c ci t trm iu khin chnh (SMC).
5.1.2. V tr:
Trm iu khin chnh c u ni vi mi trng thng tin sau
y:
- Mch vng thng tin (MIS): N thc hin vic trao i thng tin
gia trm iu khin (SMC) v trm SMM.
- Mch vng thng tin MAS (1 ti 4 vng ghp) thc hin trao i
thng tin vi trm iu khin thit b ph tr (SMA), trm iu khin
trung k (SMT) v trm iu khin ma trn chuyn mch (SMX) u ni
trn cc vng ghp .
- Mch vng cnh bo (MAL) pht cnh bo ngun ti trm bo
dng (SMM).
5.1.3. Cu trc chc nng:
- Trm iu khin c xy dng da trn phng thc p dng h
thng Alcatel 8300, h thng ny gm c:
- 1 hay nhiu hn 1 b x l, 1 hay nhiu hn 1 b ni thng minh,
c u ni vi nhau thng qua 1 Bus v trao i s liu thng qua 1 b
nh chung.
- Trao i thng tin 2 chiu gia cc b phn v c b tr bi h
thng c s.
- Cc b ni c bit cho cc chc nng chuyn mch hoc x l s
liu vo ra.
Bus ni b 32 bt

B ni
bus

B x
l

hoc

ring

B
nh
ring

B nh cc
b

B nh

B nh
chung

b x l

hoc

Bus trm iu khin

BSM
Bus BSM

Hnh 5-2 : Cu trc tng th ca SMC.


Trm iu khin chnh gm:
- 1 b ni ghp chnh (CMP)
- 1 n v x l chnh (PUP)
- 1 b nh chung (MC)
- 1 ti 4 n v x l th cp (PUS)
- 1 ti 4 b ni ghp th cp (CMS)

Bus ni b

dv xu ly thu cap

MIS

CMP

PUP

MC

PUS 0

PUS 3

bo nho chung

Bus BSM
CMS 0

CMS 3 bo noi ghep thu cap

MAS 1

MAS 4

Hnh 5-3 : Cu trc trm iu khin chnh.


5.2.Trm iu khin Thit b ph tr SMA :

5.2.1. Vai tr:


Trm iu khin thit b ph tr cung cp cc chc nng sau:
- ETA: thc hin cc chc nng qun tr cc thit b ph tr, qun tr
tone.
- PUPE: iu khin giao thc bo hiu s 7: x l giao thc bo hiu
s 7 ca CCITT. Tu theo cu hnh v lu lng x l m 1 SMA c th
ch c ci t phn mm qun tr thit b ph tr ETA, hoc phn mm
x l giao thc bo hiu s 7 (PUPE), hoc c ci t c 2.

Trm iu khin thit b ph tr bao gm cc phn t ph tr ca


tng i OCB 283. Cc phn t ny l:
- Cc b to v thu a tn
- Cc mch hi ngh
- Cc b to tone
- Qun tr ng h
- Cc b Thu /pht bo hiu s 7

5.2.2. V tr:
Trm iu khin thit b ph tr c lin kt vi:
- Mng u ni bi 8 ng ma trn. Thng qua h thng u ni m
trm iu khin thit b ph tr thu nhn s phn phi thi gian c s t
STS.
- Vng ghp thm nhp trm iu khin chnh (MAS). N thc hin
trao i thng tin gia trm iu khin thit b ph tr (SMA) v cc phn
t iu khin ca OCB 283.
- Vng ghp cnh bo (MAL).

5.2.3. Cu trc chc nng:


Trm iu khin thit b ph tr (SMA) c ni ti ma trn chuyn
mch chnh (MCX) nh 8 ng ma trn:
- 1 b ni ghp chnh (CMP)
- Tu theo kh nng x l cuc gi m SMA c th c:
1 n v x l chnh (PUP)
1 n v x l th cp (PUS)
- 1 ti 12 b ni cho:
X l cc tn hiu thoi (CTSV)
Bo hiu nhiu giao thc (CSMP)
Qun l ng h (CLOCK)
CTSV c th x l cc chc nng ca cc kiu sau:
- To, thu nhn tn s, to tone.
- Thoi hi ngh, o kim
CSMP c th x l cc giao thc nh bo hiu s 7 v iu khin
ng s liu mc cao HDLC.

BL
MAS

CMP

PUP

MC

PUS

BSM

CTSV 1

CTSV 2

CLOCK N

CSMP 12

Hnh 5-4 : Cu trc ca mt trm iu khin cc thit b ph tr


5.3.Trm iu khin trung k SMT :
Trm iu khin STM2G c cu trc da trn cu trc ca h thng
Alcatel 8300, tuy nhin trm iu khin STM1G th li c cu trc khng
ging nh cu trc ca h thng Alcatel 8300.

5.3.1. Vai tr:


Trm SMT m bo giao din chc nng gia PCM v trung tm
chuyn mch. Cc PCM ti t:
- Trung tm chuyn mch khc.
- n v truy nhp s thu bao s xa(CSND).
- B tp trung thu bao xa (CSED)
Trm SMT cho php thc hin chc nng iu khin PCM (URM),
chc nng ny ch yu bao gm:
* Theo hng PCM ti trung tm chuyn mch:
Bin i m HDB3 sang m nh phn.
Tch bo hiu knh ring (CAS) t khe 16.
Qun tr cc knh bo hiu truyn trong TS16.
u ni cho (cross connection) cc knh gia PCM v ng ni ma
trn LR.
* Theo hng t trung tm chuyn mch ti PCM:
Bin i m nh phn thnh m HDB3.
Chn bo hiu vo khe 16.
Qun tr cc knh bo hiu mng khe thi gian TS16.
u ni cho cc knh gia ng ni ma trn LR v PCM.

5.3.2. V tr:

Trm SMT c ni vi:


- Cc phn t bn ngoi (CSND) bi cc ng PCM (ti a 32).
- Ma trn chuyn mch bi mt tp hp 32 ng LR, hoc 4 nhm
GLR mang ni dung ca cc knh bo hiu knh chung CCITT No7 v
cc knh ting ni.
- B dn knh thng tin MAS thc hin trao i thng tin gia SMT
v cc trm iu khin.
- Mch vng cnh bo MAL.

5.3.3. Cu trc chc nng ca SMT 1G :


Trm SMT c thit k h tr my phn mm ML URM nhm
u ni cc tuyn PCM bn ngoi v x l bo hiu lin knh. Trm SMT
x l 32 ng PCM. Cc ng PCM ny chia thnh 8 nhm.
Trm SMT bao gm:
- Cc module thu nhn kp, mi module x l 4 tuyn PCM (nhiu
nht l 8 module).
- Mt thit b c s bao gm:
Mt b phi hp dn knh chnh CMP cho vic i thoi trn cc b
dn knh thng tin MAS c ch nh cho mt tp cc trm SMT.
Mt n v logic (LOGUR) kp qun l 8 module thu nhn, lm vic
theo kiu hot ng/ d phng.
Logic hot ng thc hin chuyn mch v bo v lin quan ti
chuyn mch.
Logic d phng thc hin cc chc nng bo dng theo yu cu ca
trm vn hnh v bo dng(SMM). Logic d phng tr thnh logic hot
ng theo ch th ca trm SMM khi logic hot ng b hng.
- Cc giao din vi cc tuyn PCM bn ngoi (ti a l 32).
- Cc phn t u ni vi ma trn chuyn mch chnh (SAB).
- Mt giao tip PCM to bi 4 transcoders ICTR 1(mt transcoder
cho mi PCM)thc hin cc chc nng:
Khi thu:
Bin i m HDB3 sang m nh phn v khi phc clock
xa(remote clock)
Khi pht:
Bin i m nh phn thnh m HDB3 t ng truyn v clock ni
b.

5.3.4. Cu trc chc nng ca SMT 2G :

- Trm SMT-2G giao tip vi cc khi nh CSND, CSED, my thng


bo bng cc ng PCM, n c kh nng u ni v qun tr 128 ng
PCM (2Mbps), qun tr cc kt cui PCM, thu v pht tn hiu a tn, cc
tn hiu ng b ng h, tin x l bo hiu knh ring CAS.
- Cu trc trm SMT2G c chia lm 3 khi. Chc nng tng khi
nh sau:
+ Khi iu khin cu trc kp: Khi ny gm hai phn h x l
SMT-A v SMT-B, hai phn h nay lin kt vi nhau bng lin kt LISM
(trong hai trm ny nu trm no hot ng th n s x l ton b lu
lng) v giao thc HDLC c s dng gia hai phn h ny.
+ Phn khng lp: y l cc kt cui ca tng i (ET).

+ Khi chc nng chn la v khuch i nhnh SAB.


Ngoi ra, BUS BETP c chc nng u ni, x l kt cui ca tng
i ETP vi trm iu khin, giao thc s dng trn BUS BETP l Lap_D
tc 750 kbps.
5.4. Trm iu khin chuyn mch SMX :

5.4.1. H thng ma trn chuyn mch (CCX) :


H thng ma trn chuyn mch thit lp u ni cc knh min thi
gian (cc khe thi gian) cho cc n vi truy nhp thu bao gn (CSNL) v
cc trm iu khin thit b ph tr (SMA) v cc trm iu khin trung
k (SMT).
Ni chung, h thng iu khin ma trn thc hin cc chc nng sau:
- u ni n hng gia bt k knh u vo no (VE) ti bt k
knh u ra no (VS). S lng cc cuc u ni ng thi bng s liu
knh u ra.
- u ni gia bt k 1 knh u vo no ti M knh u ra.
- u ni N knh u vo c cng cu trc khung vi N knh ra,
tun theo lin kt v xp xp trnh t cc khung thu c. Chc nng ny
c ni n nh l u ni N64 Kbt/s.
- u ni 2 hng gia u cui A (pha gi) v u cui B (pha b
gi) din ra dng 2 cuc ni n hng.
H thng ma trn chuyn mch CCX bo m:
- Chuyn mch gia thit b ph tr v cc knh thoi cho cc hot
ng bo hiu tn s m thanh.
- Phn phi ng thi cc tone v cc thng bo n cc knh ra.

Chuyn mch c nh cho cc knh s liu hoc cc knh bo hiu


s 7 gia trung k v trung k hoc gia trung k v trm iu khin thit
b ph tr (SMA).
H thng ma trn chuyn mch gm:
- Ma trn chuyn mch chnh:
Chuyn mch 16 bt trong gm 3 bt d phng.
Ma trn chuyn mch T gm cc i 2048 2048 ng ma trn
(LR).
Modun chuyn mch 64 ng ma trn (LR).
- Chc nng la chn nhnh:
La chn
Khuch i
Giao tip vi cc trm u ni (CSNL, SMT, SMA...)
Giao tip phn phi thi gian.
- Cc ng ma trn:
Tc 4 Mbit/s
u ni theo modun gm 8 ng LR.
Tt c c cu trc kp hon ton.
Cc trm hoc
CSNL

Ma trn chuyn
mch chnh

Cc trm hoc
CSNL

mcxb
LA

LA
SMT
SMA
CSNL

LRB

SAB
LRA

LRB

MCX
A

LRA

LA

MCX
A

H thng ma trn chuyn mch (CCX)

Hnh 5-5 : T chc tng qut ca CCX.


Hot ng ca cc ma trn chuyn mch:

LA
SMT
SMA
CSNL

- Cc u ni c thc hin c 2 nhnh.


- La chn nhnh hot ng c thc hin bng cch so snh cc
khe thi gian ra ca mi nhnh.
- 3 bt iu khin thc hin cc nhim v sau:
Mang bt chn l ca khe thi gian (TS) t khi la chn
nhnh (SAB) vo ti (SAB) ra.
Thit lp, la chn nhnh hot ng
Gim st u ni theo yu cu.
o lng cht lng truyn dn theo yu cu.
- Vic gim st h thng ma trn chuyn mch c thc hin nh
phn mm qun l u ni (GX).
- 5 bt trong s 8 bt thm vo sn sng cho s dng chuyn mch
ngoi.

5.4.2. La chn v khuch i ca khi la chn nhnh (SAB) :


SAB c t trong cc ngn my ca cc n v u ni ni ti
h thng ma trn chuyn mch. Cc thnh phn ny l cc n v truy
nhp thu bao gn, cc trm iu khin trung k v cc trm iu khin
thit b ph tr, c ni n di ci tn chung " Cc n v u ni"
hay " UR".
Chc nng chnh (SAB) l thc hin giao tip gia UR v 2 nhnh
ca ma trn chuyn mch chnh A v B.
SAB thu v pht cc tuyn thm nhp (LA) ti t cc UR v to ra
cc tuyn LR (LRA cho ma trn chuyn mch chnh nhnh A v LRB cho
ma trn chuyn mch chnh nhnh B).
Cc hot ng x l c thc hin bi SAB l:
- Khuch i cc ng ma trn trn hng pht v hng thu.
- Thch nghi 8/16 bits.
- X l 3 bt iu khin.
- La chn nhnh chuyn mch.
- Giao tip phn phi thi gian gia cc UR v ma trn chuyn
mch chnh.
- Giao tip tuyn thm nhp trn hng pht v hng thu. Tnh
module hot ho thit b cho chc nng ny c dng:
- 16 ng LR cho SMT 2G v CSN.
- 8 ng LR cho SMA, v SMT1G.

5.4.3. Ma trn chuyn mch chnh (MCX) :

Ma trn chuyn mch chnh gm 2 nhnh, nhnh A v nhnh B, v


theo quan im phn cng n gm cc trm iu khin chnh (SMX).
Mi nhnh ca MCX gm ti 8 SMX. Mi SMX tip nhn cc tn
hiu thi gian c s (8 Mhz v ng b khung). Phn b b 3 t n v c
s thi gian (STS) n theo phng thc chn la chnh, phn pht thng
tin n tng i v cc ng giao tip ng mng (ILR).
Mi trong s 8 SMX x l 256 LRE (ng ma trn u vo) v 256
ng ma trn u ra (LRS) trong cc giao tip ng mng (ILR). Cc
ng LCXE c cc ch s ging nhau c ghp vo cng v tr ca tt
c cc SMX. Mi ma trn chuyn mch theo thi gian c kh nng
chuyn mch bt k khe thi gian no trong s 2048 LRE ti bt k khe
thi gian no trong s 256 LRS ca n.
Cc bc module phn cng l nh sau:
- 64 LR cho ma trn phn thi gian.
- 16 LR cho cc giao tip ng ma trn.

5.4.4. Trm iu khin chuyn mch (SMX) :


Mi SMX gm:
- Mt b ni cho giao tip vi ma trn chuyn mch thi gian.
- Mt b ni ghp chnh (CMP) cho php thng tin 2 chiu trn vng
ghp thm nhp trm iu khin chnh (MAS) v thc hin cc chc nng
l b x l cho phn mm iu khin chuyn mch ma trn (ML COM).
- Cc giao tip ng ma trn (ILR) cho ti a 256 LRE v 256 LRS.
- Mt ma trn phn thi gian vi dung lng ti a 2048 LRE (u
vo) v 256 LRS (u ra).
5.5.Trm bo dng SMM :
5.5.1. Vai tr ca trm bo dng SMM :
- Gim st v qun l h thng ALCATEL 1000 E10
- Lu tr s liu h thng
- Bo v trm iu khin
- Gim st cc vng ghp thng tin
- X l thng tin Ngi - My,
- Khi to v ti khi to ton h thng.
5.5.2. V tr ca SMM:
Trm bo dng c kt ni vi cc thit b thng tin sau:
- Mch vng thng tin (MIS): iu khin trao i s liu vi cc trm
iu khin chnh (SMC).

- Mch vng cnh bo (MAL): thu thp cnh bo ngun.


SMM c th c kt ni ti mng qun l vin thng (TMN) thng
qua cc tuyn X25.
5.5.3. Cu trc chc nng ca SMM:
SMM gm cc c cu sau:
- Hai trm a x l ng nht, mi trm c trn c s cc h thng
x l cng thm cc b nh c s ca h thng A8300 v c kt ni ti
MIS.
- Mt b nh ph c ni ti cc bus giao tip h thng my tnh
nh, m b nh ny c truy nhp bi hoc l SMMA hoc SMMB.
- Cc giao tip bn ngoi c n nh cho trm hot ng thng qua
Bus u cui.
MIS
SMMA

B ni MIS

B ni MIS

Lin kt gia 2 SMM


(A v B)

SMMB

H thng x l
A8300

H thng x l
A8300

SCSI

SCSI
B nh ph

Cc giao tip vi bn ngoi

Hnh 5-6: M t khi qut SMM


Trong cu hnh kp SMM gm 2 trm iu khin m v mt vt l
nhn dng bi cc ch ci SMMA v SMMB. 1 trong 2 trm l trm hot
ng, trm kia l trm d phng.

5.6. Trm c s thi gian v ng b (STS) :

5.6.1. Cu trc ca STS :

b to tn hiu ng b
PHN PHI

thit b

ng b

c s thi
gian

OCS 0

HIS 0

2048 KHz

logic a
s
(mcxa)

CSNL

OSC 1
SMT

ng
b
bn
ngoi

HIS 1

OSC
2

logic a
s
(mcxb)

SMA

trm tn hiu thi gian v ng


b
(sts)

Hnh 5-7: To v phn phi tn hiu thi gian.


MCXA: Nhnh A ca ma trn chuyn mch chnh.
MCXB: Nhnh B ca ma trn chuyn mch chnh.
HIS : Giao din ng b bn ngoi.
OSC : B dao ng.
CSNL : n v truy nhp thu bao s ni ht.
SMA : Trm iu khin thit b ph tr.
SMT : Trm iu khin trung k.

5.6.2. Vai tr :
Trm c s thi gian v ng b (STS) c 3 chc nng:
- Mt khi c s thi gian BTT c cu trc bi 3(triplicated).
- Giao tip vi ng h bn ngoi HIS (External synchronization
interface).
- Giao tip vi vng cnh bo.

Vai tr ca BTT:
BTS c nhim v phn phi cc tn hiu thi gian cn thit ti cc
trm iu khin ma trn chuyn mch ca h thng OCB 283.
Khi ny dng nguyn l logic a s (logic majority principle)
trong phn phi tn hiu thi gian v pht hin li nhm mc ch
t c tin cy cao.

Vai tr ca HIS:

HIS l nhng n v ng b c thit k cho mng ng b theo


kiu ch/t vi nhiu u vo v c qun tr theo u tin. Nu
mt hoc nhiu u vo c s c th vic thit lp li chng c
thc hin mt cch t ng theo nguyn l nh trc.
Giao din HIS s dng cc ng h c ti to t cc trung k, t
cc trm u cui PCM.
HIS thc hin cc chc nng qun l cc tuyn ng b thng qua
vic qun tr cc tn hiu cnh bo trn cc PCM tng ng.
Chng m bo cht lng tn s vi chnh xc cao nht theo
yu cu.
Trnh mt ng b bng vic s dng mt b to sng c n
nh cao.

5.6.3. Cc vng hot ng :


STS to ra mt cch t ng 4 iu kin hot ng m bo:
- Hot ng c lp.
- Chng li mi tc ng nguy him m cc tc ng ny c th lm
gim cht lng cc tn s c truyn v m bo cho s hot ng
ca tng i.

Vng hot ng ng b bnh thng:


- Khi STS hot ng ng b vi t nht mt ng h ng b ngoi.

Vng t tr bnh thng:


- Khi STS khng cn ng b vi ng h ng b ngoi.
- Cc tn s c truyn do HIS to ra (nh gi tr tn s trc khi
mt ng b ngoi cn c lu trong b nh.
- n nh tn s ca ng h ny vo khong 4.10-10 v c duy
tr trong vng 72 gi.

Vng BBT trong dao ng t do:


- Hai giao tip ng b ngoi khng lm vic.
- BTT khng c ng b ngoi.
- BTT s dng tn s do bn thn n to ra (n nh tn s trc khi
mt HIS v chnh l tn s ca RCHOR).
- n nh tn s khong 1.10-6 v duy tr trong khong 72 gi.

Vng dao ng t do:


- Trm c s dng m khng cn ng ng b.
- chnh xc ca tn s do nh my nh ra.
- Thng thng n nh vo khong 10-9.

5.7. Mch vng thng tin :


Trong tng i Alcatel 1000 E10 MM, phng thc qun tr h thng
l phng thc qun tr vng vi hai loi BUS thng tin c trng l MAL
v MIS. Cc c trng ca mch vng thng tin c th cp n nh
sau:
- Mch vng c xy dng theo chun IEEE 802.5.
- Ti a c 250 trm trn mch vng.
- Tc ca mch vng c th l 4Mbps hoc 16Mbps.
- Bn tin qung b c th pht t mt trm ti vi trm hay ton b
cc trm trong tng i.
- Tc truyn dn cao, c kh nng sa li bt thng qua mch
vng kim tra CRC.
Trong OCB 283 lun tn ti mch vng ghp lin i MIS v c t 1
n 4 mch vng truy nhp trm iu khin chnh MAS. Khi c hai vng
ang trong tnh trng hot ng th chng lm vic trong ch chia ti
cn nu mt vng hng th vng cn li s m nhn ton b lu lng
trong tng i.

ch-ng 6
n v u ni thu bao CSN

6.1. Gii thiu chung v CSN:


Hin nay, phn ln cc nh qun tr u c nhng phng thc a
truy cp c bit dnh cho dch v nh nhng b tp trung thu bao in
thoi, cc b ghp knh u ni trc tip, cc ng u cui ADSL, cc
ng kt ni bng cp thng hay cp quang ti ngi s dng. C rt
nhiu cch thc kt ni ti cc im truy nhp mng thng qua k
thut ghp knh vong SDH, iu ny s lm tng kh nng tp trung ho
v bo mt vic truyn thng tin ti cc Host trung tm mng vin thng.

CSN l n v u ni thu bao c kh nng phc v c thu bao


tng t v thu bao s, n cung c thit k ph hp vi mng sn c
v c th u ni ti mi h thng s dng bo hiu s 7. Trong tng i
A1000 E10 MM, CSN l mt thit b c mdun ho, n c th c
lp t trong cc phng chuyn mch, hoc trong nhng to nh xa
trung tm, hoc trong nhng container. CSN c cu trc rt n gin: N
bao gm mt b iu khin s v cc n v kt ni. CSN ca tng i
A1000 E10 MM c th c m rng ti 20 b tp trung vi 16 khe thi
gian cho mi b. Cc b tp trung ni ht c k hiu l CSNL cn ca
cc b tp trung xa c k hiu l CSNE.
Tnh mm do trong CSN: p ng c mt gii hn rt ln ca
cc giao din cc ng lin kt vi thu bao l mt trong nhng nt c
trng ln nht ca CSN trong A1000 E!0. N c 16 khe cm "vn nng"
trn mt mdun v cho php chp nhn tt c cc loi kt ni cho cc
mng hin thi nh POTs, ISDN - BRA hay ISDN - PRA, cc u ni trc
tip, u ni thng qua giao din V5.1, cc u ni vi ADSL, hoc cc
loi bng phc v cho vic to tone, cc thng bo cho thoi, cc ng
kim tra thit b, tp trung cc khung thng tin hay ni ti cc cng
Gateway ca IP. CSN ca A1000 E10 MM c th kt ni ti mi loi thu
bao nh:
- Thu bao tng t 2 dy hoc 4 dy.
- Thu bao s truy nhp c s vi tc 144 kbps (2B+ D16).
- Thu bao s truy nhp s cp vi tc 2,048 Mbps (2B+ D64).
Trong , knh B l knh ting hay knh mang s liu thc, knh D c
s dng cho 3 mc ch l bo hiu, chuyn mch tc chm, o lng
t xa. Ti a c 5120 thu bao trong mt CSN. S chuyn i t cc dch
v tng t sang dch v s nh ISDN hay ADSL l rt n gin ; ti cc
gi tr gi tr gii hn, cc ng ISDN, ADSL c kt ni bng cch
thay th hoc a thm vo cc ng card thu bao trong CSN.
Trong cc mng ni ht, cc cp h thng khuch i khng yu cu c
hai ng ni ht v ng t xa kt ni ti CN theo cng mt cch. iu
ny em li nhng thun li i vi nhng thit b thu bao ging nhau ;
CSN khng yu cu ni vi tt c cc thu bao do vy trong cng mt
vng s truy nhp ca cc dch v POTs, ISDN, ADSL l nh nhau,
khng c dch v no c u tin hn dch v no.
6.2. Cu trc ca CSN trong A1000 E10 MM:

6.2.1. Cu trc ca CSNHD:


Cu trc ca CSNHD c chia thnh hai phn:
- Thit b truy nhp thu bao v b tp trung s c cu thnh t
hai b tp trung s CSNL hoc CSNE. CSNHD c th c m rng ln
ti 20 khi CSNL hoc CSNE.
n v iu khin s (UCN) c nhng chc nng chnh nh sau:
- Tin x l cuc gi cho cc cuc gi vo v ra khi khu vc n
qun l.
- Thit lp ng dn ti cc tng i m.
- Thit lp cc cuc gi n thng thng.
Cu hnh tng quan ca CSNHD c th hin trong hnh 6-1.

Hnh 6-1: Cu hnh tng quan ca CSNHD


6.2.2. Cu trc ca CSNMM:
CSNMM chnh l s pht trin ca CSNHD, cc c im ging vi
CSNHD nh sau:

- Cu hnh n gin, gm mt khi UCN v c th lp t c 20


b tp trung CN (CSNL hoc CSNE).
- C hai cp ca b tp trung thu bao xa: Cp vng/vng xa CSN
v vng/vng xa CN (CSNE).
- C tnh tng thch khi ta cm cc loi bn mch thu bao khc
nhau ti mc CN.
- Phn mm c ti v cho cc cp bn mch thu bao.
- Cu trc phn cng l nh nhau, c t 1 n 3 ngn gi, vi 8
CNL trn mt ngn gi.
Trong cu trc ca CSNMM, nh sn xut gp thm mt loi CN
mi (CNLMM v CNEMM) vi mt ng bus tc 155 Mbps trn mt
bn mch c t pha sau ngn gi - y l loi bn mch cho thu bao
mi (ADSL) - n c kh nng truyn qua mng bng rng trn cng ngh
ATM v gm c cc chc nng vn hnh bo dng i vi mng bng
rng. Cu hnh tng quan ca CSNMM c th hin trn hnh v 6-2.

Hnh 6-2: Cu hnh tng quan ca CSNMM

6.2.3. Cc ng card thu bao:


* ng card thu bao tng t:
Cc c trng c bn ca cc thu bao tng t: Mi ng thu bao
tng t c ni vi mt ng gp thit b ca mch giao din thu bao
(SLIC), b m ho (LSI) v b lc chuyn i A/D (COFIDEC) theo ng
yu cu ca khuyn ngh G.711, Q.551 v Q.552 (lut m ho) ca ITU T.
Trn mt card thu bao tng t c 16 ng thit b v c iu
khin bng mt chp vi x l lgc c bn (nu mt ng b li th n
khng th gy nh hng ti qu 16 ng ng thi cng mt lc).
Ngoi ra, nu 1 ng thit b b li th ng s c chuyn sang
ng phng v. Khi ng b hng phi c sa cha ngay lp tc.
Bn cnh , trong th h CSNMM ca A1000 E10 MM hin nay, cc
ng card thu bao tng t cn c trang b thm cc xung o lng
v c kh nng o ngc pin m khng gy nh hng ti thit b.
Mt s loi card thu bao tng t vn cn c cung cp cho cc
nh khai thc dch v nh:
- Card thu bao tng t lin kt d liu 2 dy hoc 4 dy.
- Card thu bao tng t 3d.

* ng card thu bao ISDN:


Cc ng card thu bao ISDN tc (2B + D) bao gm 8 ng
thit b v c iu khin bi mt khi lgc chung. Tt c cc chc
nng ca ng card thu bao u tun theo nhng chun truy nhp c s
c trng ca quc t, cc khuyn ngh ca ITU - T nh I.412, I.430,
I.451 v ETSI ETR 80. Cc chc nng cung cp cho cc cuc gi qua
mng Internet nhm xc nh - ti cp ca card v trong b tp trung - cc
khe thi gian c s dng trong cuc gi. N cho php kt ni cc khe
thi gian vi cc thit b m rng hoc ti cc b x l ca chng thng
qua cc ng ghp knh thng k bng cc knh c trng, v vy n
cho php nng cao cc lung lu lng a n CSN.
Tc c s ca ng card thu bao ISDN: B tp trung thu bao
CSN cung cp cc ng card truy nhp thu bao ISDN vi tc l
(30B + D), cc ng ny c kt ni t CSN ti cc tng i a dch v
ISDN. Mi ng kt ni u tun theo khuyn ngh ca ITU - T G.703,
G.704 v G.705 cng nh cc khuyn ngh v giao din nh I.412, I.431,
I.441 v I.451. Mi card cung cp mt ng thit b tc (30B + D)

truy nhp vo cc tng i m thng qua cc ng kt ni PCM. Dung


lng t cc i khi c mt lng ln lu lng yu cu c a vo t
cc ng PCM.
Mt s loi card thu bao ISDN c cung cp nh sau:
- Card truy nhp qua giao din V5.1: Loi card ny s phi tun
theo cc khuyn ngh ca giao din V5.1 khi kt ni vi mng truy nhp.
Mi card V5.1 khng phi l mt card tp trung giao din s c cu
thnh t mt ng PCM tc 2 Mbps. C t 28 n 30 khe thi gian
ginh cho tn hiu thoi hoc d liu tu thuc vo s lng khe thi gian
c s dng lm bo hiu.
- Card kt ni d liu tc 64 kbps: Loi card ny cung cp
ng lin kt hng d liu tc 64 kbps (theo khuyn ngh G.703 ca
ITU - T). N c th kt ni c 4 ng lin kt trc tip (Lease Line).
- Packet unit card: Loi card ny c s dng cho cc thu bao
ISDN trong vic nhn v gi dng d liu tc thp , s dng cu trc
khung khi knh truy nhp h s dng l knh D.
Tt c cc loi card trn u c th cm vo ng card bt c v tr
no trong khi tp trung thu bao s CN.

* ng card thu bao ADSL:


DSL l mt k thut iu ch tn s bao gm mt s loi nh ng
dy thu bao s tc cao HDSL, ng dy thu bao s khng i xng
ADSL. Vi cng ngh ny, cc nh khai thc c th gim bt i chi ph
pht trin v gim st thng qua mng vng truy nhp ni ht vi s ci
t vt l thng nht s dng mt giao thc n. Ngoi ra, h cn c th
cung cp cc dch v khc nhau nh thoi hay dch v s liu th h k
tip. i vi nhng ngi s dng dch v , DSL cho php h kt ni vi
nhiu loi mng khc nhau nh ISDN, LAN, WAN, PABx, gi FAX,....
ca cc nh cung cp dch v qua mt ng n E1. Khng ging nh
kt ni ng dy thu ring truyn thng, kt ni ny l s kt hp ca
c thoi v s liu do gi cc s gim hn so vi vic khch hng phi
tr ring cho tng ng dy thoi v s liu.
Card thu bao ADSL cung cp 4 ng thit b v mt b iu khin
lgc chung. Mi cng ca card u c th giao tip vi cc mng thoi
tng t nh POTs v cc ng lu lng d liu ca mng bng rng.
Tu thuc vo di v cht lng ca ng truyn, tc bt d liu
cung cp cho mng bng rng c th ln ti 640 kbps t ANT ti CSN v
2 Mbps t CSN ti ANT. Card thu bao ADSL c kh nng tch lu lng

thoi t lu lng d liu mng bng rng trc khi truyn mi ng


trn cc ng bus tng ng trn bn mch trong CSN.

Hnh 6-3: Cc chc nng ca card ADSL


Vi vic a card thu bao s khng i xng ADSL vo s dng
gip gim ti cho lu lng quay s Internet trc tip trong khi li nhun
t khch hng u cui vn tng. Trong dng c bn ca n ng dy
thoi v ng dy dn mdun s liu c kt hp li trn mt ng
truy nhp dy ng duy nht ti a im m khch hng truy nhp v n
s c phn tch vi nhau bng mt b chia tch ti b ghp knh truy
nhp ng day thu bao s DSLAM (Digital Subcriber Line Access
Multiplexer). Lu lng thoi c gi trc tip ti cc tng i chuyn
mch knh truyn thng cn lu lng d liu s c a n mng gi.

6.2.4. B tp trung s:
* B tp trung s ca CNLHD/CNEHD:
Vi s a nng ca khe cm card, b tp trung s c th m rng ln
thnh 16 n v u cui (UT). Mi loi card khc nhau (POTs, ISDNBRA, ISDN-PRA,ADSL, ...) u c th cm v kt ni tng thch. Trong
cc b tp trung s u c gp nhng mch nh v v kim tra, cc
giao din vi cc ng PCM v cc mch tn hiu thi gian cho dch v
bng hp.
Cc b thu bao s CNL hoc CNE u c nhng chc nng ging
nhau i vi mi ng kt ni. Cn trong cc thnh phn phn cng
chng ch khc nhau v giao din khi n v iu khin (UCN).
Cc knh tn hiu t nhng ng card c kt ni qua 1 PCM (c
th ti 4 ng) n khi CN v khi n v diu khin s UCN. Mi
ng truy nhp ca thu bao c ni ti tt c cc khe thi gian ca cc

ng PCM. Nu lu lng l dng lu lng khng cn bng th ni s


b t chi ngay lp tc v s khng c s kt ni no b p buc hay
khng c mt ng card no c s dng kt ni vi cc ng
khc. Trong b tp trung s ca CSLHD/CSEHD c ti 4 ng PCM nn
xc sut b t chi l rt nh, khng ng k.

* B tp trung s ca CNLMM/CNEMM:
i vi lu lng mng bng hp ISDN, bao gm c lu lng ca
mang POTs t cc ng ADSL s c x l theo cng mt cch ging
nh trong khi CNLHD/CNEHD. Cn lu lng mng bng rng B-ISDN
mt nguyn tc tng t cng c s dng l mi thu bao ADSL
trong CSN u c truy nhp trn bus bng rng ca bn mch pha sau
(bn mch lng) ca ngn gi CSN.
Trong CNLMM, bus ca bng rng l mt bn mch u cui m
rng. Chui xch vng (Daisy Chain) ca bn mch m rng kt ni gia
cc CNLMM vi nhau c kh nng ghp cc ng ADSL t cc CNL
khc nhau vo lung tc STM-1 (155 Mbps). TRn mt CNL, bn
mch giao din u cui ca chui xch vng DC c kh nng truy nhp
vo mng truyn thng bn ngoi.
Trong CNEMM, lu lng mng bng rng c tp trung trn mt
bus bng rng c s dng bn mch giao din STM-1 (trong trng hp
CME 512, chui xch vng s c thit lp gia hai CN). i vi thit b
u cui STM-1, trong CNL ca CNEMM m s nm trn bn mch giao
din. Vi loi bn mch mi nht hin nay, ta c th kt ni 4 chui xch
vng DC dng th cp ngoi mt chui ban u v n tun theo lung
thng tin ca mng bng rng t cc khi CNEMM khc nhau c tp
hp v t cc khi CNLMM khc nhau trn cng mt ng lin kt c
tc 155 Mbps.

6.2.5. n v iu khin UCN:


* n v iu khin ca CSNHD:
CSNHD c iu khin bi mt khi n v iu khin s, chc
nng chnh ca khi iu khin ny l iu khin kt ni. Chc nng iu
khin v kt ni ny c thc hin bi hai mdun UCX theo phng
thc phng v Active/Standby c ngha l ch c mt khi hot ng cn
khi cn li c dng phng v trng hp khi khi hot ng b
hng.
Mi UCX bao gm:

- Mt ma trn chuyn mch thi gian dang 64 * 64 (PCM), v c


th c ti 42 ng kt ni ti cc CN.
- Mt trm iu khin chnh vi mt b vi x l chnh, mt b nh
chnh, v cc phn mm iu khin lin kt tn hiu bo hiu s 7, giao
thc ca CN v qun tr ma trn chuyn mch.
Trong UCN ch c mch giao din cho khi thu bao s xa vi tng
i m v cc n v ci t dch v nh:
- My thu tn s.
- Thit b to Tone.
- Thit b o lng cho ng dy thu bao v ng dy thit b
ca tng i.
- Mch cnh bo li.

* n v iu khin ca CSNMM:
CSNMM v CSNHD c th thch nghi vi cng mt n v iu khin
s UCN. Nh vy, y s khng c s thay i ln trong vic chuyn
i t CSNHD sang CSNMM. V l do , CSNHD c th c nng cp
ln CSNMM nhm p ng cho cc thu bao ADSL bng cch thay
nhng gi thu bao ca CSNHD bng cc gi thu bao ca CSNMM m
khng cn thay i khi UCN.
6.3. Vn hnh v bo dng CSN:

6.3.1. Phng v:
Cc c im ca CSN c gim st t tng i m bao gm:
- Xc nh v phn tch cc li ca CSN.
- Nhn din v cch ly cc thnh phn b li.
- Khi to li cu hnh v s dng cc th tc bo dng.
Phng v cc CNL c da trn c s phng v cc n v c phn
cng v phn mmtheo c ch Active/Standby (ATC/STB c ch ny
c trnh by trn). Trong vic chuyn i t ACT/STB, cc cucc gi
c thit lp u khng b nh hng, cn trong khi vn hnh khi
to vic chuyn i, cc cuc gi c thit lp cng khng b nh
hng.
Ma trn chuyn mch c th chuyn i mi loi kt ni ngay c vi
cc cuc kt ni ni ht c bit khi CSN b li c cch ly. Chc
nng c thc hin bi vic kim tra ng trc khi thit lp mi kt
ni. Vic thc hin kim tra c iu khin bng cc lnh iu khin.

i vi cc n v ng tn hiu tng t, khi mi mt CSN gp li


th n khng th gy nh hng cng mt lc ti 16 ng cn li. V khi
c li th ton b thng tin ca ng b li s c a vo ng
phng v thng qua vic iu khin ca cc lnh iu khin, cn mun
b li s phi c sa cha ngay lp tc.

6.3.2. Bo dng:
Cc ng CSN yu cu mt khong kim tra rng cho c ng dy
thu bao tng t cng nh ng dy thu bao s (ISDN, ADSL). Vic
kim tra c khi to bng cc lnh a ra t ngi vn hnh v khai
thc mng. C hai loi kim tra:
- Tng i t ng kim tra cc th tc hot ho da trn cc lnh
nm trong cc file lch.
- Khi c nhu cu kim tra bng cc lnh c a vo trong sut
khong kim tra cc th tc.

6.3.3. Cnh bo:


Cc bn tin cnh bo c to ra trong khi mt thnh phn no b
li. Bn tin dc lm ch bi h thng x l cnh bo li. H thng s
nhanh chng a ra nhng hnh c c yu cu v nhng thng tin
dc s dng nh th no (bn tin u ra, trn mn hnh gim st hin th,
cnh bo bng m thanh hoc cnh bo bng th gic). Mi cnh bo u
c nhng c trng da trn:
- Thng tin xung quanh bn tin cnh bo hoc yu cu cnh bo.
- Loi cnh bo (mc nghim trng ca li).
bn tin cnh bo s ch ra cho ta bit loi cnh bo (chuyn mch vic
truyn thng tin li, ngun li, mi trng, nhit , ...) v nguyn nhn
cnh bo. Ngoi ra, tn hiu cnh bo v cc thng tin cnh bo u c
tch hp trong mng qun tr vin thng ca hng ALCATEL.
Di y l mt s cu hnh dung lng ca CSNMM c a ra
ca nh bn hng nh sau:

CNE 64
(trong nh/ngoi
tri)

S lng ng
thu bao tng t
ln nht
(HD 64)
64

S lng ng
thu bao ISDN
ln nht
(HD 64)
32

S lng ng
thu bao ADSL
ln nht

Gi CNE
trong nh
* 1 ngn gi
* 2 ngn gi
Gi CNE trong t
ngoi tri
* 1 ngn gi
* 2 ngn gi
Gi CNS
trong nh (48V)
* Ngn gi c s
* Dung lng cc
i (3 ngn gi)
Gi CSN
trong nh (230V)
* Ngn gi c s
* Dung lng cc
i (3 ngn gi)
Gi CSN trong t
hay trong container
* Trong t
* Trong container

(HD/HD2/MM)

(HD/HD2/MM)

(MM)

256
512
(HD/MM)

128
256
(HD/MM)

64
128
(MM)

256
512
(HD/MM)

256
512
(HD/MM)

64
128
(MM)

2048
5120

1024
2060

512
1250

(HD2/MM2)

(HD2/MM2)

(HD2/MM2)

1536
5120

768
2304

384
1024

(HD/MM)

(HD/MM)

(HD/MM)

1204
6144

512
3072

256
1536

Bng 11: Dung lng v c tnh ca h CSN trong tng i

Ch-ng 7

H thng chuyn mch trong tng i


Alcatel 1000 E10 MM

7.1. Gii thiu v h thng chuyn mch ca tng i Alcatel 1000 E10
MM:
H thng chuyn mch trong tng i Alcatel 1000 E10 bao gm hai
phn h :

- Phn h chuyn mch knh RCX.


- Phn h chuyn mch gi RCH (chuyn mch ATM).
Hai phn h ny u c c trng chnh nh sau:
- C hai phn h u bao gm hai nhnh ging ht nhau
+ CXa v CXb cho RCX.
+ RCHa v RCHb cho RCH.
- Cc khi trong phn h c module ho do o khi m rng s
khng gp tnh trng b gin on trong phc v.
- Cc trm a x l nh SMA, SMT, v n v truy nhp thu bao
CSN u c cc ng kt ni vi c hai phn h. Cc ng kt
ni ny gi l cc ng LR. Cc ng ny c tc l 4Mbps
(16 bit/knh) v l cc ng song hng.
Theo s thit lp ca h thng, s phn phi tn hiu thi gian cung
cp cho cc n v truy nhp v ma trn chuyn mch trong khi chuyn
mch se tun theo mt th t hay cp u tin cho cc tn hiu u vo.

Chc nng bo v chuyn mch:


Ma trn chuyn mch (RCX hoc RCH) bao gm hai nhnh ging
ht nhau v c iu khin bng mt nhm cc trm SMX hoc SCH.
Cc chc nng c ci t ng thi trn c hai nhnh, khi nhnh no
hot ng th nhnh s phc v ton b cuc gi.
S la chon nhnh no hot ng c khi la chn v khuch i
SAB quyt nh. Khi ny l mt b phn trong cc trm a x l SMT,
SMA, cc n v truy cp CSN, SCF, RCP, c kt ni vi ma trn
chuyn mch.
Chc nng ca khi SAB pha pht:
- Chuyn i t 8 bt sang 16 bt.
- Chn thm 3 bt kim tra.
- Giao din vi cc ng u vo LRE (Logical PCM link).

Chc nng ca khi SAB pha thu:


- Giao din vi cc ng u ra LRS (Logical PCM link).
- La chn nhnh hot ng phc v cuc gi x l cc bt kim
tra. S dng cc bt chn l v so snh vi cc bt kim tra c
chn vo bn pha pht ca c hai nhnh ma trn chuyn mch.
- Chuyn i t 8 bt sang 16 bt.
Ba bt kim tra c chn thm pha u vo s c th tc kim tra
kt ni kim tra.
7.2. Phn h chuyn mch knh RCX:
Phn h chuyn mch RCX bao gm hai nhnh (CXa v CXb), cc
ng lin kt phc v cuc gi c kt ni ng thi trn c hai nhnh.
Do c hai nhnh c cu trc nh nhau nn y ta xt ti mt nhnh ca
RCX. Cc thnh phn trong mt nhnh ca RCX nh sau:
- Mt ma trn chuyn mch vung c dung lng cc i l 2.048
ng kt ni vo ra.
- Giao din c s dng gia cc ng vo LRE v cc ng ra
LRS l ILR.

Ma trn chuyn mch vung:


- Ma trn chuyn mch vung c cu thnh t nhng module
chuyn mch thi gian c dung lng l 64 LRE * 64 LRS. Cc module
chuyn mch thi gian c cu hnh n * n c t lin k nhau to nn
mt ma trn vung cung cp cho phn h chuyn mch vi dung lng
ln nht l 2.048 LRE * 2.048 LRS (vi n = 32).
- Vi cch thc xp t nh trn, phn h chuyn mch c th m
rng t t m khng gy nh hng v gp s gin on no trong vic
a thm cc phn t chuyn mch thi gian vo hot ng.
- Mi cuc kt ni c thc hin trn mt module chuyn mch
thi gian c ngha l mi ma trn s c mt khong thi gian phc v duy
nht. c tnh ny c th hin trn cc ng kt ni bn c nh n *
64 kbps. iu c ngha l theo l thuyt, thi gian truyn trung bnh
trong MCX bng thi gian truyn mt khung l 125s i vi mi cuc
gi.
Nh vy, phn h chuyn mch ny l loi chuyn mch khng
nghn v c thi gian thit lp l rt ngn.
Trong tng i Alcatel 1000 E10 MM, ma trn chuyn mch vung
c xy dng t 8 module chuyn mch t lin k nhau. Ta co s
cu trc ca ma trn chuyn mch vung nh sau:
2048
LRE
1 256

1793 2048

1
8

M dun chuyn
mch 1

256
LRS
2048
LRS

1
8

M dun chuyn
mch 8

256
LRS

Hnh 7-1: Cu trc ma trn chuyn mch vung


T trn s cu trc ta nhn thy, 8 module chuyn mch s cung
cp 2.048 ng kt ni PCM, mi module s c iu khin bi mt
tram SMX. Trm SMX ny s iu khin cung cp kt ni gia ma trn
chuyn mch v cc trm a x l khc v 3 khi thi gian c s.

Mi module s c kt ni vi cc ng LRE v chuyn mch cc


khe thi gian TS u vo ti cc khe thi gian u ra ca trong 256 ng
LRS. iu c ngha l chc nng tm ng l khng c yu cu.

Giao din ILR (LR Link Interface):


- Cc ng LRE kt ni ti giao din ILR, giao din ny s cho
php truyn i cc mu c m ho ti ma trn vung v nhn cc
mu t ma trn vung a ti cc ng LRS.
- Giao thc ILR s qun l 3 bt kim tra li c chn vo SAB
u vo, kch hot cc bt kim tra v phn phi cc tn hiu thi gian.

Khi chuyn mch MCX (Switching matrix control):


- Chc nng iu khin phn h chuyn mch c iu khin bng
phn mm COM cung cp bi trm a x l chuyn mch SMX. Mi
module chuyn mch (2.048 LRE * 256 LRS) cn n s iu khhin ca
trm SMX tng ng vi n. Nh vy, c nhiu nht l 8 trm SMX cho
mi nhnh ca RCX.
- Chc nng ca SMX l iu khin cc chc nng ca module
chuyn mch v cung cp giao din gia module chuyn mch vi trm
a x l iu khin chnh SMC. Cc lnh thit lp hay hu b kt ni t
trm SMC s c gi ti SMX v nhn cc p ng gi tr li SMC t
SMX s thng qua giao din ny.
- Mi trm SMX nhn ba tn hiu thi gian (8Mhz v khung ng
b), n s la chon tn hiu c s chnh v phn phi cho ma trn chuyn
mch, trm a x l trung k SMT, cc n v u ni thu bao CSN
thng qua giao din ILS.
7.3. Phn h chuyn mch gi RCH:
Tng i Alcatel 1000 E10 MM a tnh u vit ca cng ngh
truyn dn khng ng ATM bng cch tch hp trn mt ma trn chuyn
mch ATM (gi l RCH) chuyn mch dng lu lng c iu ch
theo cng ngh TDM. Theo s cu to ta thy c s pht trin ca
RCH l nn tng vng chc cho s tn ti ca tng i. Mt s thuc tnh
ca RCH c a ra nh sau:
- Phng v: C hai nhnh ma trn ging ht nhau, nhnh no c
s dng th nhnh phc v ton b lu lng, nhnh cn li dng
phng v.
- Tr Round - Trip - Time (RTT): Theo khuyn ngh Q.551 ca
ITU-T.
- Giao din s dng trong RCH: Ging nh giao din trong RCX.
Sn phm ca Acaltel a ra trong tng lai s p ng c cng
mt lc chuyn mch lu lng TDM v lu lng d liu c s ca
ATM trn cng mt ma trn chuyn mch.

7.3.1. Cu to ca phn h chuyn mch RCH:

Hnh 7-2: Cu trc ca RCH


Ma trn chuyn mch ca tng i Alcatel 1000 E10 MM l mt thit
b chuyn mch t bo v mt s b thch ng c cung cp c th
truyn cc knh thoi (64 kbps) qua tng i. Cu to ca b chuyn i
RCH nh hnh v di.
Cc b thch ng ATM c cc chc nng sau:
- Cc khe thi gian c phn chia v c nh dng li thnh cc
ti tin trong t bo ATM.
- Chuyn mch t bo.
- Cc t bo ATM c phn chia vo cc khe thi gian u ra.
S nh dng li khe thi gian v chc nng phn phi c iu
khin bi giao din ma trn MI (Matrix Interface). Chuyn mch t bo
c thc hin bi module ASE (ATM Switching Element).

Ma trn giao din MI:


- Module MI c s dng tnh ton cho vic nh dng li cc
khe thi gian v c chc nng phn pht cc bn tin trong khe thi gian
vo trng bn tin ca cc t bo ATM. S rng buc ny lm tng kh
nng chuyn i ca b chuyn ln hai ln.

RCH
nh dng cc TS
trong t bo ATM

Ma trn
chuyn mch
t bo ATM

128
LR
nh dng li
cc TS t t bo
ATM
-ng
lin kt
ATM
622Mbps
128
LR

Thnh phn
chuyn mch
ATM

Giao din
ma trn

Hnh 7-3 : Cu to khi chuyn i RCH


tr:
- Ging nh mch chuyn i x l vo ra, t bo ATM c tr
khng hn ch trong trng chuyn mch ATM ca tng i A1000 E10
MM. Alcatel s dng nhng khi nim tng hp v ATM nh sau:
+ Tt c cc TS n cng mt ch se c phn ti trn cng mt
knh o VC ca ATM, c chu k l 125s, khng c gi b tr.
+ Mt hay mt vi VC (tu theo lu lng ti)c a ti ch
(cc VCs i qua khi ASE s c thit lp cc ng ni ng).
+ Thi gian phn b ca t bo c qun l bi khi dch v CBR
ALL1.

MI

ATM
Matrix

128 LR

64 Kbps TS

MI

Ghp cc t
bo

MI

MI

Hnh 7-4 : Ghp tch t bo ca chuyn mch ATM trong tng i


Alcatel 1000 E10 MM

Kt ni:
- Ging nh cc ng kt ni bn trong chuyn mch knh RCX,
RCH s dng cc ng LR lam khun dng cho cc ng lin kt vo
ra. Cc ng LR ny mang tn hiu ng b kch c l 32 * 16 trn mt
knh khe thi gian(4Mbps / ng kt ni). Trong mt khe thi gian, 8
knh thoi hay bit thng tin d liu s c a thm cc bt kim tra
cung cp trn mt knh phng v xuyn sut qua RCH.
5 byte tiu

48 byte tr-ng ti
tin

40 byte dnh cho knh


1 byte AAL 1
dng
khi phc t
bo khi truyn

7 byte dng phng


v cho 40 knh
ting

Hnh 7-5 : Cu trc ca t bo ATM


Trong 48 octet phn ti tin ca t bo c sp xp nh sau:
- Khi phc t bo khi truyn: AAL1
(1 octet)
- S knh thoi.
(40 octet)
- Thng tin phng v (per channel bit bundle)
(7 octet)
7.3.2. Thnh phn chuyn mch ASE:
Cu to ca thnh phn chuyn mch ASE c m t nh hnh v
di. Cc t bo a ti ASE s c a thng ti cng ch. S tranh
chp c th xy ra khi cc t bo t nhiu cng vo khc nhau c a ra
cng mt cng ch.

ASE

Hnh 7-6 : Cu trc ca thnh phn chuyn mch ASE


Khi kt ni ATM c thit lp, kt qu ca chuyn mch s c
nh gi bng xc sut t chi cuc gi P ti ma trn giao din MI. Nh
vy, kt qu thu c ca thnh phn chuyn mch ASE c nhng thng
s sau:
- Xc sut t chi cuc gi
Pcall reject < 10-10
- Thi gian thit lp cuc gi
5ms
- Xc sut mt t bo
Pcall loss < 10-30
- Mc tr t bo > 50s
PCDV < 10-11
- Round trip delay (Q.551 = 900s)
740s
Nhng im ging vi ma trn chuyn mch knh RCX:
Trong nhng quy nh v kh nng thit lp kt ni ca ATM th
ASE cho php thit lp nhng ng sau y:
- Kt ni im - im n hng.
- Kt ni im - im hai hng.
- Kt ni im - a im qung b (nh to tone, cng b
thng tin trn ton mng....).
- Kt ni kiu hnh sao.
- Kim tra kt ni khung truyn.
Mt s thng s ca ASE nh sau:
- Mc cn bng 0: Dung lng cc ng PCM kt ni nh hn
128 ng.
- Mc cn bng 1: Dung lng cc ng PCM kt ni ln hn 128
ng.
- S lng cc ng ny l ging nhau cho c hai nhnh ca RCH.

7.3.3. Th tc phng v:
Th tc phng v ca RCH c th hin nh hnh di y:
SMT 2G

SMT 2G
RCH

SAB

LR
8
Bt/
knh

ASE

MI

16 bt/
knh

SAB

MI

AE
I
8 bt/knh v bt iu
khin

LR
16 bt/
knh

8 bt/
knh

Hnh 7-7 : Cu trc th tc phng v ca RCH


Ma trn chuyn mch ca RCH gm hai nhnh ging ht nhau
(RCHa v RCHb).
- Lu lng u vo c a vo ng thi ti trm SMT2G ca
tng nhnh.
- Khi SAB u vo c nhim v chn thm cc bt iu khin vo
cc knh (bin i t 8 bt/ TS sang 16 bt/TS).
- Khi MI c xy dng t cc t bo ATM (bin i 16 bt/TS
thnh 8 bt/TS v chen thm cc bt iu khin).
- Mi ng knh o VC c thit lp ng thi trn c hai nhnh.
- Cc ng LR u ra khi ASE n khi MI se c bin i li
thnh 16 bt/TS.
- Ti khi SAB u ra, cc tham s ca ng LR v cc khe thi
gian s c so snh, t ccs ng ra thc se c la chn cn cc
ng li s c pht hin bi bt iu khin chn l c khi MI u
vo chn vo.
Trong :
- S lng giao din ma trn MI c t 1 n 16 khi, tu thuc theo
yu cu kt ni cc ng PCM.
- Mt giao din ma trn MI c th kt ni 128 ng LR, dung
lng kt ni c th tng t 128 ng ln 2.048 ng PCM.
- Nu tt c cc cng ca ASE u c kt ni ti MI th ASE c
th cung cp dung lng ti 2.048 ng kt ni.

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