Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Prologue
Easy Calculation methods (You will surely enjoy it)
Ratio and Proportion (Basics only)
Probability (Basics only)
Problem (Solved & Explained)
Note I am a learner like you so do forgive me for the mistakes
Introduction
Easy Calculations (I hope it is easy). As theres a proverb time and tide waits for none and this
is truer in case of Paper-2(CSAT) and for paper-1 Time is an illusion lots of time nothing to do
(lolz)
Fast Multiplication
1) Quick square of 2 digit number ending with 5 (e.g. 15,25,35,45,55 etc)
Step1: Multiply the first digit by (itself + 1), and put 25 on the end.
Step2: Ex: 15 i.e. (1*(1+1)) &25 = 225
Another e.g. 35
Step1: Multiply the first digit (In this case its 3) by itself + 1, and put 25 on the end.
Step2: Ex: 35 i.e. (3*(3+1)) &25 = 1225
2) Forward Method
We know method to find square of a number ending with 5,say Square of 25=625, then
just have a look to find square of 26.
25s square=625(known)
26square=25square+ (25+26) =625+51=676.
So square of 26 is 676.
Another e.g. 16
From above example we know 15s square = 225
Now we have to find 16s square= 15s square + (15+16) = 225+31 =256
3) Reverse Method
Reverse approach through which you will able to find out squares of a number which is
one less than given number.
Consider the following example:
To square any two-digit number x =52(in our case), decide what number p=50(we have
taken so it will lower to n= 2 to reach 50), the nearest multiple of 10. Fast Multiplication
of numbers
8) Easy method to calculate 3 digit numbers
Step1: If you have a large number to multiply and one of the numbers is even, you
can easily subdivide to get to the answer
Step2: Ex: 32 x 125, is the same as: 16 x 250 is the same as: 8 x 500 is the same as: 4
x 1000 = 4,000
9) 3 digit multiplication (Uploading an image (Its self explanatory) from internet. Its the
best of the lot.)
Division tricks (Mind you these are not just for CSAT exam but any competitive exams)
1) To calculate the remainder when number is divided by 27 & 37
e.g 34568276
Step 1: make triplets of number starting from units place
034 ..568276
Step 2: now add all the triplets 034+568+276 = 878
Divide it by 27 we get remainder as 14
Divide it by 37 we get remainder as 27
2) To calculate the remainder when number is divided by 27 & 37
e.g 2387850765
Step 1: make triplets of number starting from units place
002..387 ..850765
Step 2: now add all the triplets 002+387 +850+765= 2004
879197: odd = 8 + 9 + 9 = 26
even= 7 + 1 + 7 =15
odd even = 26 15 = 11
Hence, 879197 is divisible by 11.
These are some simple techniques for fast calculation.
In problems involving proportions, we can use cross products to test whether two ratios
are equal and form a proportion.
Step I = To find the cross products of a proportion, we multiply the outer terms, called
the extremes, and the middle terms, called the means.
ratio of
is
3) The ratio obtained by multiplying two or more ratios term wise is called compounded ratio.
for example compounded ratio of ratios
is
4) The ratio obtained by adding two or more ratios term wise is called Addendo.
is
i)
ii)
iii)
iv)
v)
=8
2) In a Mid Meal Scheme there are 2100 students. They have reserve food for 50 days.
Some students among them are on leave. Now they can utilize the food reserves for
75 days.How many students are on leave.
A) Solution
Number of students left = x
Total students = 2100 && Food reserves = 50
Presently students = 2100 k && Food reserves =75
Note if the number of soldier reduces the number of day increases (Inversely
proportional logic)
=
By solving we get k=700 (Number of students left)
ShortCut Method :
Formulae =
A=2100
B=Number of days after students leave = 75
C= Number of original days
=
= 700
Probability ()
Probability is the chance that something will happen - how likely it is that some event
will happen.
For e.g. 1st January 2014 will happen 100 % (Certain)
Probability
How likely something is to happen.
Many events can't be predicted with total certainty. The best we can say is how likely they are to
happen, using the idea of probability.
Tossing a Coin
When a coin is tossed, there are two possible outcomes:
heads (H) or
tails (T)
Throwing Dice
When a single die is thrown, there are six possible outcomes: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.
1
6
Probability =
A Sample Point is just one possible outcome. And an Event can be one or more of the
possible outcomes.
Q2)
Outcomes:
Probabilities:
P(green) =
P(blue)
P(yellow) =
The outcomes in this experiment are not equally likely to occur. You are more likely to
choose a blue marble than any other color. You are least likely to choose a yellow marble.
(Note Hypothetical Problem Dr Man Mohan Singh(Mohan) fans do forgive me)
Q3) Mohan getting late for cabinet meeting(total 78 council of ministers (Not relevant for
problem)).He dresses up and searches for his socks in a drawer consisting of (12 white , 8 red
socks , and 10 yellow) What is the probability that Mohan will be able to pull a pair of white
socks from his drawer in just two pulls? Reason for white socks = Solution on the issue of IFS
officer treated badly
A3) Step 1 =total number of socks (30) =Sample Space
The event that Mohan wants to happen is that he pulls two white socks in a row, so pulling a
white sock on the first pull and another white sock on the second pull would be called favorable
outcomes.
Any other outcomes, such as pulling yellow socks or red socks on either pull aren't going to help
Mohan, so we aren't interested in those outcomes.
Step 2 = As you can see, there are 12 chances out of thirty that Sam will pull out a white sock on
the first pull. We make the ratio 12/30 to represent the probability that Sam will get a white sock.
We can reduce 12/30 to 2/5 if we want.
= X
=
Note Most of the probability concepts explained beautifully and comprehensively by Mrunal
Sir. So I am not elaborating more on Probability
References
1. www.Mrunal.org
2. www.google.com
3. R S Agarwal Book
4. www.IndiaBix.com