LONG RANGE FM TRANSMITTER WITH 2 WATT POWER AND 1-2 KM

RANGE

Hello friends,
We know that building of Fm transmitter for first time is quite hard and we get confused
about the components, parts, design, pcb, transmission frequency, inductor value and
making of inductor , polarity of the capacitor and many things.
Here i am going to explain you a building of simple fm transmitter using a two transistor . I
will try to explain as possible as i can. lets starts with the components required.
Transistor
Q1= BC547
Q2=2N2219
Capacitors
C1 & C2 =4.7uF(electrolytic)
C3,C4 &C7 = 100nF( ceramic 104)
C6 = 4.7 pF (ceramic )
C5= 10-30 pF (Variable capacitor or also known as TRIMMER )
Resistors
R1= 47K
R2= 220K
R3=4.7K
R4 & R5 =10k
R6= 100 ohm

INDUCTOR
L1= 8 turns of 22 Gauge copper wire around a simple ball pen.( I will upload a photo of it
for more idea)
POWER SUPPLY
Battery (Power Supply) = 12-9 V DC (Always use battery and avoid adepter so i will
reduce noise in transmission )
HOW FM CIRCUIT WORK ? :
The circuit is basically a radio frequency (RF) oscillator that operates around 100 MHz.
Audio from audio jack is fed into the audio amplifier stage built around the first transistor.
Output from the collector is fed into the base of the second transistor where it modulates the
resonant frequency of the tank circuit (the 8 turn coil and the trimcap) by varying the
junction capacitance of the transistor. Junction capacitance is a function of the potential
difference applied to the base of the transistor. The tank circuit is connected in a Colpitts
oscillator circuit. It works on the principal of COLPITTS Oscillator.
ANTENNA IS MUST IN THE CIRCUIT:
A impudence matching ANTENNA is must required in the circuit,without Antenna circuit will
never works .Generally we uses a telescopic antenna . which through the waves in the
atmosphere .

A SHORT NOTE ON INDUCTOR :

It is easy to make take an 22 Gauge enameled copper wire and wound it on the ball-pen
and make 8 turns on it tightly. i shown in photo below.

FM CIRCUIT CALIBRATION ( IMPORTANT PART :- PLZ KEEP PATIENCE MAY

BE
OF CIRCUIT )
YOU NOT GET
SUCCESS IN
FIRST TRY OF
ADJUSTMENT.
Place the transmitter about 2-10 feet from a FM radio. Set the radio to somewhere about 89
- 90 MHz. Walk back to the Fm Transmitter and turn it on. Spread the winding of the coil
apart by approximately 1mm from each other. No coil winding should be touching another
winding. Use a small screw driver to tune the trim cap. Remove the screwdriver from the
trim screw after every adjustment so the LC circuit is not affected by stray capacitance. Or
use a plastic screwdriver. If you have difficulty finding the transmitting frequency then have
a second person tune up and down the FM dial after every adjustment. One full turn of the
trim cap will cover its full range of capacitance from 10pF to 30pF. The normal FM band
tunes in over about one tenth of the full range of the tuning cap. So it is best to adjust it in
steps of 5 to 10 degrees at each turn. So tuning takes a little patience but is not difficult. The
reason that there must be at least 2-10 ft. separation between the radio and the
TRANSMITTER is that the Transmitter emits harmonics; it does not only emit on one
frequency but on several different frequencies close to each other.

Don't leave a circuit by just trying sometime try and try until you get some distortion in the
fm receiver. once you get some distortion in it. that means your fm circuit is working. and if
not then try to check all components and the soldering of your circuits and power supply .if
you getting confusing about the power supply put one 2 Volt LED in series with 1K resistor
in parallel with battery so you can easily get the on-off you fm transmitter.

ABOUT THE RANGE AND QUALITY (STRENGTH) :

I personally maid this project with great success i got a 1 km perfect range with proper
quality of the signal after that up to 1.5 km small distortion starts and after that quality factor

go down and then lost it. you should have to maintain the circuit in the metal case to protect
it form the electrical isolation .
The range and quality are inversely personal to each other. Both can be increased by
increasing the input voltage upto certain limit.
I JUST UPLOADING THE PICS FOR YOUR REFERENCE , Which I HAD MAID IT LIKE
THAT. YOU CAN TRY IT BY YOUR OWEN WAY, BY MAKING PCB OR ON SIMPLE
HOLED PCB.