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AAC SPECIFICATION

999027

NON DESTRUCTIVE TESTING EQUIPMENT


VERIFICATION

ISSUE 0
COPYRIGHT

CONTENTS

PAGE

PURPOSE

SCOPE

REFERENCES

3.1

APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS

TESTING EQUIPMENT

4.1

ULTRASONIC TESTING EQUIPMENT

PROCEDURE

5.1
5.2

TRANSDUCER IDENTIFICATION AND REGISTRATION NUMBER (ALL TRANSDUCERS)


3
TRANSDUCER TRANSMITTER AND RECEIVER TERMINAL IDENTIFICATION (TWIN
3
TRANSDUCERS ONLY)
TRANSDUCER WEAR FACE DEPTH AND FLATNESS (ALL TRANSDUCERS)
3
TRANSDUCER BEAM ANGLE VERIFICATION (ALL TRANSDUCERS)
4
4
TRANSDUCER RESOLUTION (ALL PROBES)
OVERALL GAIN (ALL TRANSDUCERS)
4
TRANSDUCER BEAM PROFILE VERIFICATION (CHECK ON THE BEAM WIDTH OF PROBES AT
5
JUST ONE RANGE). ALL TRANSDUCERS
TRANSDUCER BEAM INDEX POINT (ANGLED TRANSDUCERS ONLY)
5
5
FLAW DETECTOR IDENTIFICATION AND REGISTRATION NUMBER.
FLAW DETECTOR VERTICAL LINEARITY (EQUIPMENT GAIN)
5
FLAW DETECTOR HORIZONTAL LINEARITY (TIME BASE)
6
FLAW DETECTOR GENERAL OPERABILITY OF CONTROLS
6
TRANSDUCER CO-AXIAL CABLE
6
7
SIGNAL TO NOISE RATIO
BEAM ALIGNMENT
7
UV LIGHT INTENSITY (SHALL ALSO APPLY TO THE FLUORESCENT LIQUID PENETRANT
METHOD)
7
DRY PARTICLES
7
8
MAGNETIC FIELD STRENGTH AND LIFTING POWER VERIFICATION

5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.9
5.10
5.11
5.12
5.13
5.14
5.15
5.16
5.17
5.18

APPENDIX A : RECORD OF AMMENDMENTS

APPENDIX B : FREQUENCY OF EQUIPMENT VERIFICATIONS

10

APPENDIX C : TRANSDUCER DATA SHEETS

11

APPENDIX D : LIQUID PENETRANT DATA SHEETS

14

APPENDIX E : MAGNETIC PARTICLE DATA SHEETS

15

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AAC SPECIFICATION

999027

NON DESTRUCTIVE TESTING EQUIPMENT


VERIFICATION

ISSUE 0
COPYRIGHT

PURPOSE
To specify the performance required, and the techniques to be employed in measuring
Non-Destructive testing equipment parameters.

SCOPE
The scope of this specification describes methods for checking the performance of nondestructive testing equipment.
The methods apply only to pulse-echo flaw detection equipment using A-scan
presentation used essentially in contact testing (ultrasonic flaw detection).

REFERENCES

3.1

APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS
ASME V Article 7, 2004
BS 4331, Part 1, 1974

Methods for assessing the performance characteristics of


ultrasonic flaw detection equipment. Part 1 Overall
performance: on-site methods

BS 4331, Part 3, 1974

Methods for assessing the performance characteristics of


ultrasonic flaw detection equipment. Part 3 Guidance on
the in-service monitoring of probes (excluding immersion
probes)

BS 2704, 1983

Calibration blocks for use in ultrasonic flaw detection.

BS EN 12668-1:2000

Non-destructive testing Characterization and verification


of ultrasonic examination equipment Part 1: Instruments

BS EN 12668-2:2001

Non-destructive testing Characterization and verification


of ultrasonic examination equipment Part 2: Probes

BS EN 12668-3:2000

Non-destructive testing Characterization and verification


of ultrasonic examination equipment Part 3: Combined
equipment

TESTING EQUIPMENT

4.1

ULTRASONIC TESTING EQUIPMENT

4.1.1

One or more of the following calibration blocks shall be used

BS 2704 A2 Calibration block (IIW/V1 Calibration block)

BS 2704 A4 Calibration block

BS 2704 A5 IOW Beam spread block

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AAC SPECIFICATION

999027

NON DESTRUCTIVE TESTING EQUIPMENT


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BS 2704 A7 Resolution block

4.1.2

Ultrasonic flaw detectors (sets) having A-scan presentation which are capable of
transmitting and receiving synchronized energy in the .05MHZ to 15 MHZ range and are
equipped with a stepped gain control calibrated in units of 2dB or less.

4.1.3

Ultrasonic transducers used for manual pulse echo and coaxial cables.

4.1.4

Ultrasonic couplants

Water

Wall paper paste

Oil

Grease

Glycerine

When testing stainless steel components couplant shall be checked for


contaminants (chlorine)

PROCEDURE

5.1

TRANSDUCER IDENTIFICATION AND REGISTRATION NUMBER (ALL TRANSDUCERS)


Transducers must be labelled or identified by means of a code such that the following
characteristics can be readily ascertained:

Transducer

Nominal (manufacturers) frequency

Nominal (manufacturers) beam angle

Transducer type, shape and size (individual crystal sizes for twin crystals)

Toe in semi angle (twin crystal)

Non-conforming transducers shall be removed from service

5.2

TRANSDUCER

TRANSMITTER
TRANSDUCERS ONLY)

AND

RECEIVER

TERMINAL

IDENTIFICATION

(TWIN

Interchanging the transmitter and receiver connections alters the performance of twin
crystal transducers. The transmitter receiver terminal shall be permanently marked.

5.3

TRANSDUCER WEAR FACE DEPTH AND FLATNESS (ALL TRANSDUCERS)


1.

Visually inspect the outside of the probe for correct identification and assembly and
for physical damage which can influence its current or future reliability. In particular
for contact probes measure the flatness of the contact surface of the probe using a
ruler and feeler gauges.

2.

For flat-faced probes, over the whole probe face the gap shall not be larger than
0.05mm with the exception of edge chamfers.

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3.

5.4

5.5

5.6

AAC SPECIFICATION

999027

NON DESTRUCTIVE TESTING EQUIPMENT


VERIFICATION

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Non conforming transducers shall be removed from service.

TRANSDUCER BEAM ANGLE VERIFICATION (ALL TRANSDUCERS)


1.

0 longitudinal wave transducers shall be verified using the 15mm deep 1,5mm
SDH.

2.

Maximise the signal from the hole and obtain the angle by measuring the angle
between the line from the hole to the probe index and the line from the hole normal
to the block surface where the probe is positioned.

3.

Rotate the transducer through 90 and repeat.

4.

Angled beam transducers shall be verified on the A2 (V1) calibration block. The
transducer angle is indicated by the position of the transducer index against the
degree scale engraved on the side of the A2 (V1) block when the response from the
50mm Perspex insert is maximized.

5.

The Perspex insert can be detected from two sides of the A2 (V1) block at differing
ranges.

6.

The tolerance with regard to beam angle for all probes shall be within +/- 2.

TRANSDUCER RESOLUTION (ALL PROBES)


1.

Adjust the transducer on the radius centre line of the A7 block so that a twin peaked
response is obtained from the step between the differing radii. Set the response
from the two targets to approximately 50% full screen height. The steps are said to
be resolved when their echoes are clearly separated at half maximum echo height
or lower.

2.

Transducer resolution shall meet the following tolerances detailed below:


a)

Compression wave probes in the range 4 to 6MHZ shall clearly resolve the
3mm step and the 4mm step, lower frequency probes 2 to 2.5MHZ shall
resolve the 4mm and the 5mm step.

b)

Shear wave probes in the range 4 to 6MHZ shall clearly resolve the 2mm step
and the 3mm step, lower frequency probes 2 to 2.5MHZ shall resolve the 4mm
and the 5mm step.

3.

The steps are considered to be resolved when the echoes are clearly separated at
-6dB below the maximum echo height.

4.

When lower frequencies are used the resolution at those frequencies shall be
recorded on a transducer data sheet.

5.

Non-conforming transducers shall be removed from service.

OVERALL GAIN (ALL TRANSDUCERS)


1.

Set the noise suppression control to zero.

2.

Position a compression wave probe to target the 1.5mm hole of the A2 block,
maximize the response and adjust the echo to 50% screen height.

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3.

5.7

5.8

5.9

999027

NON DESTRUCTIVE TESTING EQUIPMENT


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With the uncalibrated gain control set at maximum and with at least 35dB inserted
by means of the calibrated attenuator, the echo from the hole should remain at least
as high as the echo height obtained when the instrument was previously calibrated.

TRANSDUCER BEAM PROFILE VERIFICATION (CHECK ON THE BEAM WIDTH OF PROBES AT


JUST ONE RANGE). ALL TRANSDUCERS
1.

A complete plot of beam profiles at a series of ranges may be measured, as


described in BS 4331: Part 3. It is recommended that a plot of full beam profile is
drawn up for a probe when new, and then at intervals, whenever a significant
change of index, beam angle, squint or width indicates that it may be required, and
whenever a particular critical testing situation demands it.

2.

Adjust the transducer on the calibration block and maximize the direct response
from a 1.5mm SDH that is approximately half the expected working range. Perform
a -6Db drop and compare this to the previously derived beam spread.

3.

The verified beam spread is to be within 2 of that constructed during the yearly
verification.

4.

Non-conforming transducers shall be removed from service.

TRANSDUCER BEAM INDEX POINT (ANGLED TRANSDUCERS ONLY)


1.

Adjust the transducer on the A2 calibration block and maximize the direct response
from the 100mm radius. The transducer index corresponds with the engraved
100mm radius centre.

2.

The index should be engraved on each side of the probe body.

3.

The position of the probe index should be repeatable within +/- 1mm.

4.

If the measured position differs from the existing mark by more than 1mm the new
position should be marked on the probe sides, or recorded, and should be used in
subsequent probe checks and defects plotting.

FLAW DETECTOR IDENTIFICATION AND REGISTRATION NUMBER.


1.

2.

5.10

AAC SPECIFICATION

Flaw detectors must be labelled or identified by means of a code such that the
following characteristics can be readily ascertained.

Make

Model

Serial number

Non-conforming flaw detectors shall be removed from service.

FLAW DETECTOR VERTICAL LINEARITY (EQUIPMENT GAIN)


1.

Use a compression wave transducer to obtain a reflected signal from a small 1.5mm
hole in the A2(V1) block.

2.

Adjust the gain to set the signal to 80% of full screen height and note the value of
the calibrated control (dB).

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AAC SPECIFICATION

999027

NON DESTRUCTIVE TESTING EQUIPMENT


VERIFICATION

ISSUE 0

3.

Adjust the calibrated control to increase the gain by 2dB. The signal should increase
to full screen height (100%).

4.

Restore the gain to its original value and then reduce it by a further 6dB. The signal
should fall to 40% of full screen height.

5.

Reduce the gain by a further 12dB. The signal should fall to 10% of full screen
height.

6.

Reduce the gain by a further 6dB. The signal should fall to 5% of full screen height.

7.

Tolerance levels are detailed below:


Gain (dB)

8.

5.11

5.12

5.13

COPYRIGHT

Expected screen height (%)

Limits

+2

100

Not less than 90%

80

-6

40

35% to 45%

-18

10

8% to 12%

-24

Must be visible above base line

Non-conforming flaw detectors shall be removed from service.

FLAW DETECTOR HORIZONTAL LINEARITY (TIME BASE)


1.

Use compression wave transducer on the A2 calibration block where the range to
the tenth backwall echo is equal to or exceeds the range over which the linearity has
to be checked. Adjust the time base so that the first and the last backwall echo
indications coincide with the particular scale marks.

2.

Bring successive backwall echoes, in turn, to approximately 80% of full screen


height. The leading edge of each should line up with the appropriate graticule line.

3.

Express the deviations from the linearity as a percentage of the time base range
between the first and the last backwall echoes displayed.

4.

Deviations from linearity up to and including +/-2% can be tolerated.

5.

Non-conforming flaw detectors shall be removed from service.

FLAW DETECTOR GENERAL OPERABILITY OF CONTROLS


1.

Visually inspect the flaw detector for signs of damage and operate all controls to
verify operability.

2.

Flaw detectors with damage and/or inoperable controls shall be removed from
service.

TRANSDUCER CO-AXIAL CABLE


1.

Visually inspect cables for damage.

2.

Damaged cables shall be removed from service.

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5.14

AAC SPECIFICATION

999027

NON DESTRUCTIVE TESTING EQUIPMENT


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SIGNAL TO NOISE RATIO


1.

Set the noise suppression control to zero.


Apply the probe to the A2 calibration block and target the 1,5mm diameter hole, set
echo to 20% screen height. Take the attenuator reading.
Adjust the attenuator until the probe noise reaches the same height as the target
echo. Take a further attenuator reading.
Express the result as the difference between the two attenuator readings in
decibels.
The tolerance will depend on application.

5.15

BEAM ALIGNMENT
1.

Maximize a target echo on IOW beam spread calibration block. If the relevant
reference line marked on the probe casing does not coincide with the target
reference line marked on the surface of the calibrating block, the axis is out of
alignment.
For shear wave probes obtain an echo from the edge and corner of an A2
calibration block and maximize the echo by swiveling the probe. A straight edge is
laid against the probe shoe and its position is marked. The angle between the line
so drawn and a line drawn at right angles to the edge of the block is the angular
deviation or squint of the acoustical axis of the beam.
The tolerance will depend on the accuracy of the defect plotting that is required in
subsequent testing. It should be noted that, for a squint of 5, the error in plotting
would be approximately 8.7mm at a working range of 100mm.
Recommended Tolerance = 1,5.

5.16

5.17

UV

LIGHT INTENSITY
METHOD)

(SHALL

ALSO APPLY TO THE FLUORESCENT LIQUID PENETRANT

1.

The UV light must be permitted to warm up for a period of 5 minutes minimum prior
to measurement.

2.

The black light intensity shall be measured with a black light meter in a suitably
darkened environment.

3.

A minimum of 1000 W/cm on the surface of the part being examined shall be
required.

4.

Reflectors and filters should be cleaned daily and checked for integrity.

5.

Cracked or broken UV filters shall be replaced immediately.

6.

Defective bulbs, which radiate UV energy, must be replaced before further use.

7.

UV lights not conforming to the above requirements shall be removed from service.

DRY PARTICLES
1.

Dry particles shall be checked for contaminants such as moisture, grease, oil, rust,
mill scale particles, non-magnetic particles such as foundry sand, and excessive
heat.

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2.

5.18

AAC SPECIFICATION

999027

NON DESTRUCTIVE TESTING EQUIPMENT


VERIFICATION

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These contaminants will usually manifest themselves in the form of particle colour
change (overheated particles) and particle agglomeration (reduces particle mobility),
the degree of which will determine further use of the powder.

MAGNETIC FIELD STRENGTH AND LIFTING POWER VERIFICATION


1.

Each ac, dc and permanent magnetic yoke shall be verified for field strength
adequacy by performing a weight lift test.

2.

Each alternating current electromagnetic yoke shall have a lifting power of at least
4.5kg at the maximum pole spacing that will be used.

3.

Each direct current or permanent magnetic yoke shall have a lifting power of at least
18kg at the maximum pole spacing that will be used.

4.

Each weight shall be weighed with a scale from a reputable manufacturer and
marked with the applicable nominal weight.

5.

Yokes and magnets unable to lift the required weights shall be removed from
service.

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NON DESTRUCTIVE TESTING EQUIPMENT


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APPENDIX A : RECORD OF AMMENDMENTS


Issue 0

New document

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APPENDIX B : FREQUENCY OF EQUIPMENT VERIFICATIONS


Sub clause

Title

Frequency of checking

5.1

Transducer identification and registration number.

Daily

5.2

Transducer
transmitter
identification.

5.3

Transducer wear face depth and flatness

Daily

5.4

Transducer beam angle verification

Daily

5.5

Transducer resolution

Weekly

5.6

Overall gain

Daily

5.7

Transducer beam profile verification

Monthly/Yearly

5.8

Transducer beam index

Daily

5.9

Flaw detector identification and registration

Daily

5.10

Flaw detector vertical linearity

Weekly

5.11

Flaw detector horizontal linearity

Weekly

5.12

Flaw detector general operability of controls

Daily

5.13

Transducer co-axial cable

Daily

5.14

Signal to noise ratio

Monthly

5.15

Beam alignment

Daily

5.16

UV light intensity

Daily

5.17

Dry particles

Daily

5.18

Magnetic field strength and lifting power verification

6 monthly

and

receiver

terminal Daily

Note: 1

To simplify the recording of weekly checks it may be more convenient for the user to
perform them each time the equipment is used.

The above checks shall be performed when a large variation in results is noted or when
the equipment has been repaired

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APPENDIX C : TRANSDUCER DATA SHEETS


Clause

Parameter

Pass /Fail

5.3

Transducer wear face (0.05mm)

5.4

Beam Angle (+/- 2)

Verified angle

5.5

Transducer Resolution

mm step resolved

5.6

Overall gain (+35dB)

dB gain in hand

5.8

Transducer beam index (+/- 1mm)

5.10

Instrument vertical linearity (+/- 5%)

5.11

Instrument horizontal linearity (+/-2%)

5.12

Instrument operability of controls

5.13

Transducer coaxial cables

5.15

Beam alignment (1,5)

mm

Transducer Type:

Transducer ID:

Frequency:

Size:

Actual Angle

Index Position:

Instrument Make

Instrument Model

from

Serial No.:

Coaxial Cable

Single

Twin

Calibration Block

Reference Block

Material

Couplant

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NON DESTRUCTIVE TESTING EQUIPMENT


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Monthly and Yearly Performance Verifications


Shear wave probes

Clause

Pass / Fail

5.7

Transducer beam profile verification (+/- 2)

Hole depth used =

5.14

Signal to noise ratio

dB signal response =
dB noise level =

Beam spread

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Monthly and Yearly Performance Verifications


Compression Waves

Clause

Pass / Fail

5.7

Transducer beam profile verification (+/- 2)

Hole depth used =

5.14

Signal to noise ratio

dB signal response =
dB noise level =

Beam Spread

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APPENDIX D : LIQUID PENETRANT DATA SHEETS


Sub clause
5.16

Pass / Fail
UV Light intensity (1000 W/cm2)

UV Light serial number


Penetrant manufacturer

Penetrant type

Batch number
Developer manufacturer

Developer type

Batch number
Solvent manufacturer

Solvent type

Batch number

Thermometer unit

Serial number

Thermometer probe

Component Temperature Start (c)

Component Temperature End (c)

Penetrant dwell time (Minutes)

Penetrant removal

Water
Solvent
Emulsifier

Developer dwell time (Minutes)

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APPENDIX E : MAGNETIC PARTICLE DATA SHEETS


Sub clause

Pass / Fail

5.16

UV Light intensity (1000 W/cm2)

5.18

Magnetic field strength and lifting power verification

UV Light serial number

Consumable manufacturer

Dry Powder type

Colour

Batch number
White contrast type

Batch number

Ink type (Black)

Batch number

Ink type (Fluorecent)

Batch number

Current (AC, DC)


Magnetizing method
Lift weight

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