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Satellite Communication
BITS Pilani
K K Birla Goa Campus
Attitude Control
Propulsion Subsystem
Electric power Supply system
Telemetry, Tracking and Command and Onboard Data Handling
Thermal Control and Structure
Communication Payload
o
o
o
Characteristics
Transparent & Regenerative Repeater
Antenna Payload & Characteristics
Description of Satellite
Satellite antennas keep pointing at a selected portion of earth,
i.e., satellite is stabilized in orbit
Two classes: Spin-stabilized and three-axis body stabilized
Spin-stabilized satellites have gyroscopic stiffness as a result
of rotating about their axis of maximum moment of inertia:
dual-spin satellites with spinning section and de-spun
(counter-rotating) section
Three axis-body stabilized satellites are attitude controlled
about their three axes- yaw axis, pitch axis and roll axis, to
provide gyroscopic stiffness
Satellite body is aligned with local vertical and with the normal
to the orbit
Sub-systems of
Communication Satellite
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Communications Subsystem,
Telemetry, command and ranging sub-system,
Attitude and Orbit Control Sub-system (AOCS),
Electrical Power Sub-system,
Reaction Control Sub-system,
Apogee Kick Motor,
BITS Pilani
K K Birla Goa Campus
Communications Sub-Systems
Communications Subsystems
Transponders
Antennas
Explore recent advancement in Satellite
Communication Technologies
Direction of advancement
1. The total channel capacity of a satellite can be
increased only if bandwidth can be increased or reused.
2. The trend in high-capacity satellites has been to reuse
the available bands by employing several directional
beams at the same frequency (spatial frequency reuse)
and orthogonal polarizations at the same frequency
(polarization frequency reuse)
3. Different frequency is to be used for transmit path than
for receive path
4. The spacing between GEO satellite is reduced to 2o
5. Trend in favor of use of Ka band frequencies
Illustration of Advancement of
Intelsat satellites
Transponders
Satellites are provided with zone or beam antennas,
LNAs, and redundancy
For both receive and transmit paths, allotted 500 MHz
bandwidth is divided into channel of 36 MHz wide plus 2
MHz Guard Bands on either sides, (the channel
allocation is therefore 40 MHz)
Each channel is handled by separate transponder,
A transponder consists of a band-pass filter,
downconverter and output amplifier
Many transponder (including spares) are provided,
switching of transponder can be effected from earth
station
Transponder arrangement of
satellites and frequency plan
Transponders
The 500 MHz bandwidth is divided up into
channels, often 36 MHz wide which are
each handled by a separate transponder.
A transponder consists of a band pass
filter to select particular channel.
Components of TWT
TWTA..
..2/4..
TWTA
..3/4..
TWTA.
..4/4..
Characteristics of TWT
Power at saturation: from 20 250 W
Efficiency at saturation: 60 75%
Gain at saturation: Around 55 dB
(C/N)IM at saturation: 10-12 dB (two carriers of
equal amplitude)
5. AM/PM conversion coefficient Kp: around
4.5o/dB (near saturation)
1.
2.
3.
4.
TWTA
SSPA
Operating Band
C, Ku, Ka
L, C
20 - 250
20 - 40
~ 50
70 -90
(C/N)IM3 (dB)
10 - 12
14 - 18
4.5
DC to RF efficiency (%)
50 - 65
60 - 45
1.5 2.2
0.8- 1.5
< 150
< 150
Technological Advancement..
Multiple beam antennas with baseband processing
transponders are used on GEO and LEO satellites
providing service to mobile terminals and handheld
telephones.
The low gain of the omni-directional antenna of a mobile
earth station must be compensated by a high gain
antenna on the satellite, necessitating the use of multiple
beam antennas
The bandwidth can be conserved by using different
modulation techniques on U/L and D/L and by providing
baseband processor on the satellite
BITS Pilani
K K Birla Goa Campus
Satellite Antennas
Satellite antennas
Wire antennas,
Horn antennas,
Reflector antennas,
Array antennas,