CH : CLAY

CL : SILTY CLAY/SANDY CLAY

SM : SILTY SAND
OH : ORGANIC CLAY
SC : CLAYEY SAND

ML : SANDY SILT
MH : SILT
GP : GRAVELLY SAND
SW : SAND

zKonsistensi tanah clay

Consistency

Hard

OCR

Very stiff

increasing

Medium
Stiff

Young
clay

Soft

Aged/
cemented

NC

Very soft

N70

Remarks

0-2

Squishes between fingers when squeezed

3-5

Very easily deformed by squeezing

6-9
10-16

Hard to deform by hand squeezing

17-30

Very hard to deform by hand

> 30

Nearly impossible to deform by hand

zKorelasi kuat geser untuk tanah sand

Description
Dr
SPT N70
Fine
Medium
Coarse

Very Loose
0

Loose

0.15

Medium
0.35

Dense
0.65

Very dense
0.85

1-2
2-3
3-6

3-6
4-7
5-9

7-15
8-20
10-25

16-30
21-40
26-45

?
> 40
> 45

Fine
Medium
Coarse

26-28
27-28
28-30

28-30
30-32
30-34

30-34
32-36
33-40

33-38
36-42
40-50

< 50

wet (kN/m3)

11-16

14-18

17-20

17-22

20-23

Parameter Kekakuan dan Deformasi

zModuluss Youngs dan Poisson Ratio
untuk berbagai jenis tanah

Korelasi Data SPT

zKorelasi kuat geser untuk tanah clay

Relationship between Cohesion and N-Value (Cohesive soil)

2/3 N

Relationship between Angle of Internal Friction and N-Value

(Sandy Soil)

Faktor Koreksi N SPT Lapangan seusai dengan Metoda

Pelaksanaan Test:

Countr

Estimated Rod
Energy (%)

Correction Factor fo r
60% Rod Energy

Free Fall
Rope an Pulley with
special throw release

78
67

78/60 = 1.30
67/60 = 1.12

Safety
Donut

Rope and Pulley

Rope and Pulley

60
45

60/60 = 1.00
45/60 = 0.75

Donut
Donut

Rope and Pulley

Free Fall

45
60

45/60 = 0.75
60/60 = 1.00

Donut

Rope and Pulley

50

50/60 = 0.83

Hammer
Type

Hammer Release

Japan

Donut
Donut

US
Argentina
China

Harga N free fall tidak perlu dikoreksi krn menjadi standard

Harga N rope and pulley harus dikalikan dengan 0.70

Korelasi Data Sondir

z Klasifikasi jenis tanah dari hasil sondir

zKorelasi kuat geser tanah dari hasil sondir

qc
qc
cu =
s/d
15
20

Sand
VERTICAL EFFECTIVE STRESS, vo
' , bars

Clay

CONE BEARING, qc , bars

Parameter Kekakuan dan Deformasi

zModuluss Youngs untuk Clay
Normally Consolidated Clay,
PI>50 :

1600

1400

Eu = 200 cu

1200

Ed = 0.667 Eu

1000

PI<30
Eu/Cu 800
600

30<PI<50

400

PI>50

200

0
1

Overconsolidation Ratio
(after Jamiolkowski et al)

8 9 10

Cc vs qc
CC
6
5
4
3
2
1
0.5

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0.0
0

10

15

20

25

30

static cone resistance qc in bar

Cc vs. qc
(G. Sanglerat, 1972)

35

40

Cv vs LL

Daya dukung pasir

1000
800
600
400
200

and

100
80
60
40
20
10
8
6
4
2
1

10

20

30

Soil friction angle, (deg)

(Meyerhof, 1976)

40

45

' , bars FOR k o = 0.45

VERTICAL EFFECTIVE STRESS, vo

HORIZONTAL EFFECTIVE STRESS, Ho

' , bars

CONE BEARING, qc , bars

VERTICAL EFFECTIVE STRESS, vo

' , bars

CONE BEARING, qc , bars

RATIO, qc /N

qc , bars ; N, blows/foot (1 bar = 100 kPa)

MEAN GRAIN SIZE, D50 , mm

No. DESCRIPTION cu/p'

1. Portsmouth
CL Clay PI = 15
st - 10 LL = 35

Eu
cu

APPLIED SHEAR STRESS RATIO n /c u

.20

2. Boston CL Clay
LL = 41 PI = 22

.20

3. Bangkok CH
Clay LL = 65 PI = 41

.27

4. Maine CH OH
Clay LL = 65 PI = 38

.29

5. AGS CH Clay
LL = 71 PI = 40

.26

6. Atchafalaya
CH Clay
LL = 95 PI = 75

.24

7. Tailor River
Peat w = 500%

CK U simple shear tests

All soil normally consolidated

FOR CLASSIFICATION OF FINE-GRAINED SOILS AND FINE-GRAINED

FRACTION OF COARSE-GRAINED SOILS

Plasticity Index (PI)

Equation of "A"-line
Horozontal at PI = 4 to LL = 25.5,
then PI = 0.73 (LL-20)
Equation of "U"-line
Vertical at LL = 16 to PI = 7,
then PI = 0.9 (LL-8)

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CL

L
O
r

L
O
r

MH or OH

ML or OL

Liquid Limit (LL)

Anglo of shearing resistance - degrees

Drained shear d

True angle of internal friction r

Plasticity Index

Relative density

SPT N-value (blows/300mm)

Very dense

Dense

Medium dense

Loose
Very loose

Angle of shearing resistance,

Undrained shear strength - kN/m2

Soil groups refer to

Unified system

CH

Sowers

CL

SC-ML

Terzaghi and pack

SPT N-value - blows/300 mm