Chapter01 Vsphere 130204165331 Phpapp01

Chapter 1 - Introduction
Introduction to
VMware vSphere 5.1
Copyright 2012 by ESXLab.com. All rights reserved. No reproduction without prior written authorization.
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1-1
VMware vSphere
Common IT problems
vSphere solutions to these problems
Scaling vSphere deployments

Storage, Network and Server private
cloud computing
1-2
Problems & Opportunities
Low server resource utilization

Data center costs, space, power, cooling
Application, OS deployment
Back Up & Recovery
Server Refresh
Remote access and support
Hardware maintenance
Operating system license costs
Disaster Recovery
Test, Development, Training, QA
1-3
Server Resource Utilization
Pre-virtualization server resource

utilization rates are very low
Typically, one OS/application per server

Physical server average utilization: 3%-35%
Usually one critical resource
Other sub-systems mostly idle
Why 1 OS, application/server?
Political, administrative isolation
I own/manage my own server
Application, DLL isolation

Simplify backup, recovery, DR
Perception that PC servers are cheap to buy,
license, run
1-4
Server Consolidation
Many VM's/physical server
VMs compete for available host

CPU, RAM, Disk, Network
VMs get needed resources
vSphere
Not declared resources

Idling VMs may give up CPU, RAM
Ensures active VMs run well under

CPU, memory over commit (i.e.:when
vCPU count > physical core count)
Share network, storage bandwidth
Administrators can tune VMs
Weighted scheduling, memory

management and disk I/O
Ensures critical VMs get resources
as needed
1-5
Datacenter Issues
Problems
Power, cooling costs

Square foot costs
Out of rack space
Virtual Solutions
VM Consolidations:
5-50+ VMs ESXi host
Expensive to build out
Additional concerns
Networking costs
Shared SAN storage
Back up procedures,
time, costs
Disaster Recovery
Administrator time
Config. consistency
Relieves rack space

congestion
Reduces power,
cooling costs
Leverages existing
networking, storage
resources (SAN
switches)
Fewer physical
servers to administer,
back up, network, etc.
1-6
OS, Application Imaging
Problems
Bare metal installs
Virtual Solutions
Complex
Drivers, agents, etc.
Time consuming
Introduce needless
variation, risk
Imaging solutions not

universal
Tied to manufacturer,
hardware components
Images may not help if

maker changes hardware
configuration
VMs get generic

hardware, not
physical hardware
Easy to create VM
master images
Clones, Templates
Copy & customize...
Easy to create a VM
Image Library
Easy to maintain
Not tied to hardware
Easy to change H/W
vendors
1-7
Back Up & Recovery
Problems
Backup tools are

expensive, complex
Backup, recovery,
application, open file
agents
Speed limited by
network bandwidth
Virtual Solutions
Most LAN backup

tools are supported
VM snapshots
Limited back up
windows
Virtual networking not
as fast as physical
networking
File system back ups

Data synchronized
Disk image backup
Data Recovery
VM back up, recovery

Guest OS File level
recovery capability
Virtual appliance
1-8
Server Refresh
Problems
PC servers have a
short life span
Virtual Solution
Virtual hardware
VM H/W is independent
of physical hardware
3-5 yrs depending on

available maintenance Easy to migrate VMs
support contracts
to another ESXi host
OS, application
Hot, cold VM migration
migrations are time

consuming, risky
Workload down during

migration
Done off hours
Hard to do remotely
Inherently risky
4 simple steps...
Limits down time

Provision new server
Install ESXi, join cluster
Migrate VMs to new host
Shut down, wipe server
Can be performed
remotely
1-9
Hardware Maintenance
Problems
HW maintenance
requires down time
Short maintenance
windows
Weekend vendor support

is costly
Must be on site
Virtual Solutions
To perform H/W tasks

on ESXi host
7x24 4hr response
Evacuate ESXi host of

Virtual Machines
Expensive
Often no guarantee of a
fix within 4hr window
Without top tier contract,
hardware issues may
keep a server down for
days
VMotion, cold migrate

VMs to other ESXi hosts
Patch, upgrade, repair,

reconfigure host
No VM down time during

maintenance
If ESXi capacity permits,
maintenance can be done
during production hours
1-10
Problems
Windows Server VM
Licensing
Windows 2003, 2008,

2012 Server licenses
are expensive
Solution
Host licenses, CALs

May have to buy more
expensive editions for
needed features
E.g. Microsoft Cluster

Services not available on
Windows Server
Standard Editions
Windows 2k3, 2k8/R2

Enterprise, Datacenter
VM friendly pricing
Enterprise 4 VM at
no additional charge
Datacenter unlimited
VMs at no additional
charge
Check your
License agreement for

entitled instance count
Volume purchase
agreements
1-11
MS Virtualization
Calculator
Part A License cost by average VM/s per server

Part B License cost by actual VMs per server
1-12
Windows Server 2012
Windows Server 2012 Virtualization
Standard Edition
Enterprise Edition no longer offered
2 sockets max per license

2 VMs per license
If you have > 2 sockets or > 2 VMs/socket, you
must buy more licenses
Some features pushed down to Standard or up
to DataCenter editions
Datacenter Edition
One license required for each physical CPU

Unlimited number of VMs / server
Source: ws2012_licensing-pricing_faq.pdf
from download.microsoft.com
1-13
Disaster Recovery
Problems
Ensure business
continuity
Replication is costly
Complex
Duplicate all HW, SW

at remote site
DR procedures must
be tested, reviewed,
refined, retested
Risky
Failure of DR plan
puts business at
extreme risk
Virtual Solutions
SAN Replication
Shadow SAN LUNS

to DR site
ESXi host(s) at DR
site set to run VMs
vSphere Replication
Duplicates VMs
across LAN/WAN to
secondary site
Keeps VMs in sync
by replicating disk
updates
Included in many
vSphere licenses
1-14
Test, Development & QA
Problems
Development, test
environments don't
match production
environment
Too costly to deploy

an exact match
Differences introduce
variation, risk
Virtual Solutions
Clone production VMs
Clone - Exact copy of

original VM
Test changes on clone
Hard to validate
changes, test software,
catch errors if
production,
test/development
environments differ
Configuration changes
OS patches
Application upgrades
Validate procedures
VM snapshots let you

back out of changes
Saves VM state
No need to re-image if
problems encountered
Revert back to original
Try again!
1-15
IT Technical Career
Benefits
Demand for VMware skills since Jan, 2005

www.indeed.com/jobtrends?q=Vmware&relative=1
According to Dice (www.dice.com)
Candidates with one completed virtualization

project are considered experienced
1-16
Virtualization Over Time

ESX 1
Number of vCPUs
GB RAM per VM
Network I/O (Gb/s)
Storage I/O
Ops/sec
1
2GB
.5GB
< 5k
ESX
2.x
2
3.6GB
.9GB
7k
CPU Cores/ESXi host
ESX(i)
3.x
4
64GB
9GB
100k
ESX(i)
4.x
8
256GB
30GB
300k
ESXi
5.0
32
1TB
>36GB
1,000k
ESXi
5.1
64
1TB
>36GB
1,000k
96
128
160
160
VMs - bigger, faster over time
Goal: eliminate all hardware limits to

virtualizatin
Resources make VMs any size you want

Performance VMs more than fast enough for
almost all workloads
1-17
VMware vSphere 5.1

Editions
Maximum vCPUs per VM
Maximum Physical RAM per ESXi host
ESXi + VSMP + VMFS
Thin Provisioning
Update Manager
vSphere Storage Appliance
Data Recovery
High Availability
vShield EndPoint AntiVirus
vSphere VM Hot Replication
VMotion
vShield Zones
Fault Tolerance
Hot Add Hardware
Storage VMotion
Virtual Serial Port Concentrator
DRS Load Balancing
DRS Power Management
vNetwork Distributed vSwitches
Network, Storage I/O Control
Host Profiles
ESXi
8
32GB
vSphere
Standard
8
2TB
vSphere
vSphere
Enterprise Enterprise Plus
32
64
2TB
2TB
1-18
Small Business Bundles

ESXi Servers (2 sockets)
Processor Cores/socket
vCenter Server Nodes
VSMP (Max vCPUs/VM)
VMware HA
Data Recovery
VMotion
vSphere Replication
vShield Endpoint
VM Hot Add CPU, Memory
vCenter Storage Appliance
vSphere 5.1
Essentials
3
no limit
3
8
vSphere 5.1
Essentials Plus
3
no limit
3
8
Features from http://www.vmware.com as of August, 2012

Search for vsphere_pricing.pdf
1-19
vSphere Acceleration Kits
'Kits' are bundles of vSphere licenses
Offered at discounted prices
Kit Name
CPU entitlements bumps not available to Small

Business Essentials / Essentials Plus
vCenter
vSphere
Server
Storage Appl. Entitlement
No
Small Business
Essentials
Max 3 Hosts,
Essentials
3 Host Max
2 CPUs each
Small Business
Essentials
Yes
Max 3 Hosts,
Essentials Plus
3 Host Max
2 CPUs each
vSphere Standard Standard
Yes
6+ CPUs
vSphere Standard Standard
Yes
6+ CPUs
+ Operations
Enterprise
Standard
Yes
6+ CPUs
Enterprise Plus
Standard
Yes
6+ CPUs
Max vCPUs
per VM
8
8
8
8
32
64
1-20
vSphere Acceleration Kits
Acceleration kits typically include:
Fixed number of CPU licenses (eg.: 6 CPUs)

One vCenter Server license entitlement
May also include add-on licenses such as:
vSphere Storage Appliance

vSphere Operations Management
Physical CPU entitlements can be added
So you can add servers to your environment

Not available for Small Business Essentials,
Essentials Plus
These max out at 3 servers of 2 CPUs each

vCenter for SBE, SBE+ is ESXi host limited to no
more than 3 ESXi hosts
1-21
VMware Service & Support

(SnS)
Support contracts must be purchased with

all new licenses
Provides 1-3 years of unlimited support
No per-incident support charges
Upgrades to new releases offered for all

licenses that have valid SnS contracts
For non-active licenses (support expired)
You cannot upgrade across major releases
Can upgrade across minor releases
E.g.: from vSphere 5.0 to vSphere 5.1
Out of support customers can reactivate by:
Paying all back support

Paying for the next year(s) support, and
A penalty for allowing your support to lapse
1-22
VMware ESXi
Enterprise class
virtualization
Bare metal install

Lean hypervisor
Dynamically load
balances VMs
Assigns CPU, RAM

resources when
needed, as needed
If resources are
scarce, idling VMs get
little service
Dynamically tunable
1-23
Single Host Deployment
Single ESXi host
VMs share host CPU,

RAM, Disk, Network
of the host system
Manage with vSphere
Client
Low-cost or free
ESXi or vSphere
Standard Edition
Benefits
Lower capital cost

Lowers power use
Faster deployments
Easier upgrades
1-24
Multiple ESXi w. Shared

Storage
Migrated VMs
onto shared
SAN storage
VMs still run on

single host
No VMotion, DRS, HA
without vCenter
Some fault tolerance
If an ESXi host fails

Use Datastore Browser
to import VMs onto
surviving host(s)
1-25
vSphere Private Cloud
Add vCenter
ESXi, VM, LAN,

Storage mgt.
Enables
Tasks & Events, Logs

Cold migration
Monitoring, Alarms
Scheduled Tasks
VMotion
Storage VMotion
High Availability
Load balancing
Fault Tolerance
Back Up
etc.
1-26
Private Cloud Computing
Dynamically provision hardware on demand
Provision what's needed, when needed
Storage Storage Area Networks (SANs)
Provision, grow LUNs on demand

LUNs usable by any or all ESXi hosts
PC Servers install ESXi to deploy, run VMs
Physical hardware abstracted, shared
Size servers for high VM tennancy

Provision new ESXi hosts as VM population grows
Dynamically load balance to maintain performance
Networking vNetwork Distributed vSwitches
Virtual switches that span ESXi hosts

Add physical uplinks to improve ESXi > LAN speed
Consistent configuration, metrics across ESXi hosts
1-27
Storage Cloud
Storage Area
Networks (SANs)
Aggregate physical disks

into LUNs
Presents LUNs to ESXi
VMFS cluster filesystem
Safe concurrent access
Grow LUNs as needed

Provision LUNs on
demand
Snapshot, back up LUNs
Shadow (replicate)
LUNs
1-28
Server Cloud
Provision PC Servers
to meet capacity,
performance needs
Buy a new PC server
Add to DRS cluster:
Install ESXi, join

vCenter
VMs rebalance by
migrating onto new
server
Reduces CPU, memory
use on other servers
Add to HA cluster:
Restarts VMs if an
ESXi host fails 1-29
Network Cloud
Distributed vSwitches span ESXi hosts
Unified view of all Port, Port Group settings
Simple, consistent, VMotion compatible configuration
Common MAC address table

Supports internal Private vLANs
1-30
What's New in vSphere 5
Bigger VMs and more VMs
Better USB support
Up to 64 vCPUs (V5.1), 1TB of RAM

Support for 2-8 Core vCPUs
Up to 512 VMs/ESXi with up to 2048 vCPUs
USB 1.1, 2.0 and 3.0 support
USB devices can be plugged into the ESXi
host or your vSphere Client PC
Storage Load Balancing
New Storage DRS capacity/load balanced

storage volume groups
Helps ensure you don't slow down on over

worked volumes or run out of space
1-31
New VMFS 5 supports
Solid State Device support for
ESXi host cache improves disk reads perf.

Fast VMkernel paging space
vSphere Replication
Volumes up to 64TB
Raw Device Maps for volumes > 2TB
Unlimited blocks per file
Hot replicates VMs to another host or site

Minimizes VM downtime due to disasters
Single Sign On (V5.1)
Central authentication service

Can connect to AD, OpenLDAP, NIS
1-32
Storage vMotion can hot migrate VMs

with snapshots
New vSphere Web Client (V5.1)
New primary administrative interface with

capabilities not in legacy vSphere Client
VMware vCenter Appliance
Simultaneously VMotion + Storage VMotion a VM
SuSE Linux based vCenter server

Includes Postgress (free) or connect to
Oracle databases
Auto-deploy ESXi host capability
Simplifies install and upgrade of ESXi hosts

New stateful/stateless caching (V5.1)
1-33
What's New in vSphere 5.1
Additional features in vSphere 5.1
Hardware Version 9
Support for shared, high end GPUs in ESXi hosts
vNetwork Distributed Switch upgrades
Perfect for CAD/CAM, graphics intensive virtual desktops
vSwitch health checks

Configuration change roll back and recovery
Back up and restore
Link Aggregation Control Protocol NIC teams
Improved vSwitch port replication
vShield EndPoint hypervisor based antivirus

Save/restore Resource Pool configuration
Useful when you disable/enable DRS
Normally RP configurations lost on DRS disable/enable
1-34
Review & Questions
VMware vSphere
Comes in 4 editions Free ESXi, Standard,

Enterprise and Enterprise +
Each edition has limits on the number of vCPU
cores
Free ESXi, vSphere Standard support 8-way vSMP

vSphere Enterprise supports 32-way vSMP
Enterprise Plus supports 64-way vSMP
No physical RAM restrictions
Other than max RAM supported in your machine
vCenter is the enterprise management

console for your virtual infrastructure
1-35
1-36

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Chapter 1 - Introduction

VMware vSphere 5.1

vSphere solutions to these problems

Scaling vSphere deployments

Problems & Opportunities

Low server resource utilization

Server Resource Utilization

Pre-virtualization server resource

Typically, one OS/application per server

Other sub-systems mostly idle

Why 1 OS, application/server?

Political, administrative isolation

I own/manage my own server

Application, DLL isolation

Many VM's/physical server

VMs compete for available host

Not declared resources

Ensures active VMs run well under

Share network, storage bandwidth

Administrators can tune VMs

Weighted scheduling, memory

Power, cooling costs

Expensive to build out

Relieves rack space

OS, Application Imaging

Bare metal installs

Drivers, agents, etc.

Imaging solutions not

Images may not help if

VMs get generic

Back Up & Recovery

Backup tools are

Most LAN backup

File system back ups

VM back up, recovery

3-5 yrs depending on

migrations are time

Workload down during

Limits down time

Weekend vendor support

To perform H/W tasks

7x24 4hr response

Evacuate ESXi host of

VMotion, cold migrate

Patch, upgrade, repair,

No VM down time during

Windows 2003, 2008,

Host licenses, CALs

E.g. Microsoft Cluster

Windows 2k3, 2k8/R2

License agreement for

Part A License cost by average VM/s per server

Windows Server 2012

Windows Server 2012 Virtualization

Enterprise Edition no longer offered

2 sockets max per license

One license required for each physical CPU

Duplicate all HW, SW

Shadow SAN LUNS

Test, Development & QA

Too costly to deploy

Clone production VMs

Clone - Exact copy of

VM snapshots let you