You are on page 1of 6

Hu ht cc ch c vit di dng ee (meet), ea (meat), e-e (scene) u c pht m thnh /i:/.

Trng hp e (me), ie (piece) cng c pht m nh trn nhng khng nhiu.


- Ch e (men) hay ea (death), ie (friend), a (many), ai (said) c pht m l /e/.
- Hu ht cc ch c vit l ar, al th c pht m l /a:/. Ch a trong ask, path, aunt cng c
pht m l /a:/. Cc ch vit l ear, ere, are, air, th c pht m l /e/ (ngoi heart c pht m
l /ha: t/).
- Cc ch c vit l a-e (mate) ay (say), ey (grey), ei (eight), ai (wait), ea (great) th khi pht m
s l /ei/.
- Cc ch c vit l a th pht m s l // (Tr trng hp sau a c r sau r khng phi l mt
nguyn m). Tuy nhin ch a trong ask, path, aunt li c pht m l /a:/.
- Hu ht cc ch c vit l i-e (smile), ie (die), y (cry) c pht m l /ai/. Mt s ch vit l igh
(high), uy (buy) cng c pht m ging nh trn nhng khng nhiu. Ring cc t fridge, city,
friend li khng c pht m l /ai/.
- Hu ht cc ch c vit l i (win) c pht m l /i/, i khi y cng c pht m nh trn (Tr
trng hp sau i c r sau r khng phi l mt nguyn m).
- Hu ht cc ch c vit l er hoc nguyn m trong cc m tit khng c trng m th c pht
m thnh //: teacher, owner...
- Ch u trong ting Anh c 3 cch pht m: Pht m l /u:/ (u di)khi ng sau /j/ (June); pht m l
// hoc // trong cc cch vit khc nh full, sun. Khi t c 2 ch oo vit cnh nhau th hu ht s
c pht m thnh /u:/ tr cc trng hp m cui l k: book, look, cook...
- Cc ch ci c pht m l /:/ thuc cc trng hp sau: ir (bird), er (her), ur (hurt). Ngoi ra cn
c cc trng hp ngoi l or (word), ear (heard)
- Cc ch ci c pht m l /:/ thuc cc trng hp sau: or (form, norm). Cc trng hp ngoi l
khc: a (call), ar (war), au (cause), aw (saw), al (walk), augh (taught), ough (thought), four (four).
- Cc ch ci c vit l oy, oi s c pht m l //. V d: boy, coin...
- Cc ch ci c vit l ow, ou thng c pht m l // hay /a/, tuy nhin chng cng cn c
nhiu bin th pht m khc na.
Nhng nguyn m A, E, I, O ,U thng c pht m thnh /:/ khi di dng: ar, er, ir, or, ur.( tr
nhng trng hp ch ngi nh: teacher...)
+ ar: thng c pht m thnh /:/ nhng t c nhm -ear trc ph m ( VD: earth) hoc gia
cc ph m (VD: learn )
+ er: c pht m thnh /:/ vi nhng t i trc ph m( VD: err), hoc gia cc ph m( VD:
serve)
+ ir: c pht m thnh /:/ vi nhng t c tn cng bng -ir (VD: stir )hay -ir + ph m (VD: girl )
+ or : c pht ama thnh /:/ vi nhng t m -or i sau w v trc ph m ( VD: world, worm)
+ ur: c pht m thnh /:/ vi nhng t tn cng bng -ur hoc -ur + ph m ( VD: fur, burn)
I.2. Cch pht m "-ed"
I.2.1. Pht m l /t/ nu ng t kt thc bng: /p, k, f, s, sh, ch, gh/.

VD:
- Jump ----> jumped
- Cook -----> Cooked
- Cough -----> Coughed
- Kiss -----> kissed
- Wash -----> washed
- Watch -----> watched
I.2.2. Pht m l /id/ nu ng t kt thc bng /d/ hoc /t/.
VD:
- Wait -----> waited
- Add -----> added
I.2.3. Pht m l /d/ khi ng t kt thc bng: /b, g, v, /th/, z, j/, m, n, ng, l, r/ v tt c cc
m hu thanh.
VD:
- Rub -----> rubbed
- drag -----> dragged
- Love -----> loved
- Bathe ------> bathed
- Use ------> Used
- Massage -----> massaged
- Charge -----> Charged
- Name -----> named
- Learn -----> Learned
- Bang -----> banged
- Call -----> called
- Care -----> cared
- Free -----> freed

Ch : y m cui cng mi l quan trng ch khng phi l ch ci kt thc.


V d: "fax" kt thc bng ch "x" nhng l m /s/
"like" kt thc bng ch "e" nhng l m /k/
* 1 s t kt thc bng -ed c dng lm tnh t pht m l /Id/:
* aged
* blessed
* crooked
* dogged
* learned
* naked
* ragged
* wicked
* wretched
I.3. Cch pht m "-s / -es" sau ng t chia ngi th ba s t trong th HT hoc danh t
s nhiu

- Nu t kt thc bng -s, -ss, -ch, -sh, - x, -z (hoc -ze), -o, -ge, -ce (sn sng chung shc xin z gp cm) th ta pht m l /iz/.
VD: changes; practices (cch vit khc l : practise - pht m tng t) ; buzzes, recognizes
- Nu t kt thc bng -p,-k,- t,- f th pht m l /s/
VD: cooks ; stops...
- Nhng t cn li pht m l /z/
VD: plays; stands ....vv
Ch : y m cui cng mi l quan trng ch khng phi l ch ci kt thc.
VD: Vi t "laugh" kt thc bng ph m "gh" nhng li c phin m l /la:f/ - c kt thc bng /f/
nn khi thm "s" ta c l /s/ ch khng phi l /z/.
II. CCH NH DU TRNG M C BN
II.1. (Bi vit ca sonmoc)
* Vi nhng t c 2 m tit :
- ng t: Trng m thng ri vo ting th 2.
Ex : de'stroy; pe'rmit; sug'gest; ad'vide...
- Danh t, Tnh t , Trng t : Trng m thng ri vo ting u tin.
Ex : 'doctor, 'lovely, 'careful...

* Nhng t c 3 m tit tr ln th trng m ri vo ting th 3 t phi sang tri


Ex : geography -> ge'ography
* Cc t c tn cng l: -tion, -sion, -ity, -ety, -ic, -ical, -ous, -ian, -al th trng m ri trc
nhng t ny
Ex : preparation -> prepa'ration...
* Cc t c tn cng l: -ese, -ee, -eer, -oo, -oon, -ique, -ed, -esque th trng m ri vo nhng
t ny
Ex : Vietna'mese , employ'ee...
* Mt s tin t v hu t ko nh hng n trng m. Lc ta phi xt n t gc: re , dis,
un, in, il, im, ir, ing, ful, ness, less, able, uos, ly, ment...
Ex : uncomfortable -> xt t : comfort ( b tin t "un" v hu t "able" ) y l tnh t c 2 m tit
nn trng m ting u tin . => un'comfortable
II.2. Cc trng hp c bit v ngoi l (Bi vit ca bluelife511)
* i vi ng t: Cc ng t nh happen, open, offer, listen, answer, enter... c trng m ri
vo m tit u tin.
* i vi t va l danh t va l ng t: Nhng t va l noun va l verb c 2 m tit th
khi l noun trng m s ri vo m u cn verb th ri vo m sau.

* i vi tnh t: Tnh t ghp 2 t m t ng sau l phn t II th trng m cng ri vo chnh


phn PII .
VD: bad-'tempered.
* Cc t nh however, whatever, whenever... th trng m ri vo ever.
* i vi cc t c tn cng l -acy, -age, -ate, -ic, -ics,... : cc t nh catholic, lunatic,
politics, arabic... c trng m ri vo m tit u tin.
* i vi cc t s m: kt thc bng "-teen" th trng m ri vo "teen"; kt thc bng "-ty" th
trng m ri vo m th nht.
VD: thir'teen - 'thirty; fif'teen - fif'ty
2.1. Ph m ng trc nguyn m
V nguyn tc, khi c mt ph m ng trc mt nguyn m, bn c ni ph m vi nguyn m. V
d "mark up", bn c lin ch khng tch ri 2 t (/ma:k kp/*). Tuy nhin, iu ny khng phi d,
nht l i vi nhng t tn cng bng nguyn m khng c pht m, v d: "leave (it)" c l /li:v
vit/; "Middle (East)", /midl li:st/,... Hoc i vi nhng cm t vit tt, v d "LA" (Los Angeles) bn
phi c l /el lei/; "MA" (Master of Arts), /em mei/...
Lu , khi mt ph m c gi ng trc nguyn m, trc khi bn ni vi nguyn m, bn phi
chuyn ph m sang ph m khng gi tng ng. V d "laugh" c pht m l /f/ tn cng,
nhng nu bn dng trong mt cm t, v d "laugh at someone", bn phi chuyn m /f/ thnh /v/
v c l /la:v vt/.
2.2. Nguyn m ng trc nguyn m
iu ny c th rt mi m vi nhiu ngi. V nguyn tc, bn s thm mt ph m vo gia 2
nguyn m ni. C 2 quy tc thm ph m nh sau:
- i vi nguyn m trn mi (khi pht m, mi bn nhn ging hnh ch "O"), v d: "OU", "U",
"AU",... bn cn thm ph m "W" vo gia. V d "do it" s c c l /du: wit/.
- i vi nguyn m di mi (khi pht m, mi bn ko di sang 2 bn), v d: "E", "I", "EI",... bn
thm ph m "Y" vo gia. V d "I ask" s c c l /ai ya:sk/.
Bn th p dng 2 quy tc ny pht m: USA /ju wes sei/, VOA /vi you wei/, XO /eks sou/,...
2.3. Ph m ng trc ph m
V nguyn tc, khi c 2 hay nhiu hn ph m cng nhm ng gn nhau, th ch c 1 ph m m
thi. V d "want to" (bao gm 3 ph m N, T, T cng nhm sau rng ng gn nhau) s c c l
/won n/*.
2.4. Cc trng hp c bit
- Ch U hoc Y, ng sau ch ci T, phi c pht m l /ch/, vd. not yet /'not chet/*; picture
/'pikch/*.
- Ch ci U hoc Y, ng sau ch ci D, phi c pht m l /dj/, vd. education /edju:'kein/.
- Ph m T, nm gia 2 nguyn m v khng l trng m, phi c pht m l /D/, vd. trong t
tomato /tou'meidou/; trong cu I go to school /ai gou d sku:l/.

Thm 1 s t kt thc bng "ed" nhng c pht m l /id/ :


+ sacred
+ crabbed
+ beloved
Cch c Phin m Quc T
Phin m quc t l nhng k t, con ch ci dng rp li thnh vn, cch c nh ting Vit v
b ch ny dng chung cho c th gii. Tuy nhin, ngoi nhng con ch a, b, c, v.v... b ch ny cn
c them nhng con ch l m ngi Vit chng ta phi hc thuc rp li, nh vn.
Khi m t in, phn phin m quc t lun nm gia hai du [ ] hoc / /. V d:
[fru:'tikjulm] hoc /fru:'tikjulm/
Sau y l nhng con ch l cn hc:

c l s (un cong li)


c l (un cong li)
c l ac
c l
c l th
c l ng
^ c l
c l gi (gi)
u c l u
c l
t c l th
d c l
k c l c
t c l ch
d c l gi (gi)
j nu j ng trc mt nguyn m th c l d, v d: [jes] c l: <dt s>; Nu j ng sau mt
ph m th c l i, v d: ['stjudnt] c l: <s thu n th>
w c l qu
: c ko di m trc n
' Du ' trc m no th m b thm du sc vo, cc m cn li phi t ng thm du huyn
hoc du nng vo, v d: ['stjudnt] c l: <s thu n th>
f c l ph
kl c l k
sn c l sn
ra c l roa
ei c l y
nl c l n
n c l sn (un cong li)
re c l roe
eik c l ch k
ml c l m L
tn c l thn
ri c l ruy
eid c l t
kn c l kn
ig c l ch g
ed c l t
el c l eo

fn c l phn
id c l t
d c l t
tl c l th
vn c l vn
il c l iu
sl c l s
bl c l b
ln c l ***
l c l s (un li)
dn c l gn
tn c l chn
Xin li cc bn phn bi trn thiu st hai m v nh dng font khng hin ln c. Hong dng k
t thay th cc bn thng cm. l:
> c l o
>l c l oong (ci xoong)
Tuy nhin, nhng cch c nu trn ch l mt phn, khng phi l tt c. V vy, d thuc Phin
m Quc T, chng ta hy tp c nhng v d di y:
fruticulum /fru:'tikjulm/
fugacious /fju:'geis/
absent /'bsnt/
abstemiously /b'sti:mjsli/
bacciform /'bk;sifrs/
foldable /'fouldbl/
foliation /fouli'ein/
obituary /'bituri/
right /rait/
shipwreck /'iprek/
shipwright /'iprait/
shipyard /'ipja:d/
shoeblack /'u:blk/
shoestring /'u:stri/
shredding /'redi/
shrapnel /'rpnl/
shredder /'red/
shrift /rift/
swim /swim/
swear /swe/
swearer /'swer/
taeniafuge /'ti:nifju:d/
take /teik/
tangency /'tndnsi/

You might also like