HNG DN LA CHN DY CP IN TRONG XY DNG NH

Tnh ton la chn dy dn in cho nh l mt vic cn thit v quan trng, th nht l

vn an tan cho ngi v ti sn, th hai l tit kim (v c th trnh c vic phi
tho ra lm li khi thy khng ph hp). Hng dn ny trnh by mt cch ngn gn v
vn ny, ng hu gip cho ngi dng t tin v d dng hn trong vic la chn dy
dn in cho nh . Trong hng dn ny, cu trc v tn gi ca cc loi dy lp t
trong nh (xem 3.3) c tham kho theo tiu chun TCVN 2103; cc loi cp ngoi tri v
cp in k (xem 3.1 v 3.2) c tham kho theo tiu chun ca ngnh in lc cng
nh cc nh sn xut cp uy tn Vit nam hin nay.
Hng dn gm cc mc nh sau:
- Cc ngun in s dng cho nh
- Mt s cch i dy v loi dy tng ng, thng dng
- Cc loi dy dn thch hp cho nh
- Cng sut chu ti ca cc loi dy cp in thng s dng cho nh
- Cch tnh ton v la chn dy dn
- Cc lu cho h thng in nh
- Nhng tc hi khi dng dy & cp in km cht lng
- Nhng kinh nghim la chn dy in cho nh
1. Cc ngun in s dng cho nh
1.1 Ngun in 1pha 2dy (thng dng nht)
Ngun 1pha 2dy gm c 1 dy pha v 1 dy trung tnh (cn c gi l 1 dy nng v 1
dy ngui). y l ngun in cho nh thng dng nht ti Vit Nam hin nay.
1.2 Ngun in 1pha 3dy
Ngun in 1pha 3dy gm c 1 dy pha 1 dy trung tnh v 1 dy ni t (cn c gi l
1 dy nng, 1 dy ngui v 1 dy bo v). Vit Nam hin nay ngun in ny bt u
p dng cc ta nh cao tng, bit th, building, khch sn, cc ni c s dng cc my
mc thit b quan trng hoc cc nh cao cp hn.
1.3 Ngun in 3pha 4dy (t gp)
Ngun in 3pha 4dy gm c 3 dy pha v 1 dy trung tnh (cn c gi l 3 dy nng, 1
dy ngui). Vit Nam hin nay ngun in ny t gp trong nh , tr khi ch nh c
nh s dng thit b in 3pha.
1.4 Ngun in 3pha 5dy (rt t gp)
Ngun in 3pha 5dy gm c 3 dy pha 1 dy trung tnh v 1 dy ni t bo v (cn
c gi l 3 dy nng, 1 dy ngui v 1 dy bo v). Vit Nam hin nay ngun in
ny rt t gp trong nh , tr khi ch nh c nh s dng thit b in 3pha v c yu
cu thm v dy bo v.
2. Mt s cch i dy v loi dy tng ng, thng dng

2.1 i dy ni: Dy & cp in c lun trong cc ng nha hoc np nha v c c

nh trn tng, trn nh. S lng dy trong ng cn xem xt sao cho ng qu cht
c th rt dy, lun dy khi cn thit sa cha thay th. Cc loi dy nh VCm, VCmd,
VC l thch hp cho cch i dy ni.
2.2 i dy m tng, m trn, m sn: Dy & cp in c lun trong cc ng nha
(ng trn khi i thng, ng rut g khi chuyn hng) t m trong tng, trn hoc sn
nh. S lng dy trong ng cn xem xt sao cho ng qu cht c th rt dy, lun
dy khi cn thit sa cha thay th. Cc loi dy nh VC, CV, CVV l thch hp cho cch
i dy m.
2.3 i dy ngm: i vi cc cng trnh ngoi vi, khng dnh lin vi nh, dy & cp in
c lun trong cc ng nha cng hoc ng thp chu lc, khng thm nc v chn
ngm di t su khang 0,7mt. Cc loi cp c o gip thp hoc c bc kim
loi th c th chn trc tip trong t m khng cn lun trong ng. Cn thit phi chn
cc loi dy/ cp c kh nng chng thm nc, chng cn trng cho ng dy i ngm.
3. Cc loi dy dn thch hp cho nh
Theo thng l ca ngnh in lc cng nh thc t hin nay Vit Nam, hng dn ny
chn ngun in 1 pha 2 dy trnh by cho mc ch nh . Hng dn ny chia h
thng dy cho nh ra lm 3 phn v tng ng vi mi phn hng dn ny a ra cc
ngh v cc loi dy dn c th c dng nh sau:
3.1 on dy ngoi ng vo u nh (on dy ngoi tri)
on dy ny l dy ni t li in a phng vo n nh, thng thng on dy ny
nm han tan ngoi tri (ngoi tr mt s rt t nh s dng cp ngm th on dy ny
c chn di t). on dy ngoi tri ny c ngh s dng mt trong cc loi
dy/cp sau y:
Cp
Duplex
rut
ng,
cch
in
PVC
(Duplex
Du-CV)
Cp Duplex Du-CV c 2 rut dn bng ng, rut dn l 1 si ng c hoc 7 si ng
c xon li vi nhau, mi rut dn c bc cch in PVC sau xon vi nhau. Cp
in p ca cp l 450/750V hoc 0,6/1kV.
Cp
Duplex
rut
ng,
cch
in
XLPE
(Duplex
Du-CX)
Cp Duplex Du-CX c 2 rut dn bng ng, rut dn l 1 si ng c hoc 7 si ng
c xon li vi nhau, mi rut dn c bc cch in XLPE mu en sau xon vi
nhau, mt trong hai li c gn ni phn bit pha. Cp in p ca cp l 0,6/1kV.

3.2 on dy t u nh vo in k (on cp in k)
on dy ny l dy ni t u cui on dy ngoi tri (c ni mc 3.1) n in
k (ng h o in nng tiu th). Thng thng on dy ny nm mt na dc theo
tng, mt na trong nh (v thng thng in k c t trong nh). on dy ny
c ngh s dng mt trong cc loi dy/cp sau y:
Cp
in
k
rut
ng,
cch
in
PVC
(K-CVV)
Cp in k rut ng cch in PVC cn gi l cp Muller rut ng cch in PVC, cp
c 2 hoc nhiu hn 2 rut dn, rut dn l 1 si ng c hoc 7 si c xon li vi
nhau, mi rut dn c bc cch in bng vt liu PVC, mt lp bc lt PVC, mt lp
bng nhm ( chng trm in) v lp v bc PVC bo v bn ngoi, cp in p ca
cp l 450/750V hoc 0,6/1kV.
Cp
in
k
rut
ng,
cch
in
XLPE
(K-CXV)
Cp in k rut ng cch in XLPE cn gi l cp Muller rut ng cch in XLPE,
cp c 2 hoc nhiu hn 2 rut dn, rut dn l 1 si ng c hoc 7 si c xon li
vi nhau, mi rut dn c bc cch in bng vt liu XLPE mu trng-trong (mu t
nhin), mt trong hai li c bng mu hoc sc mu phn bit pha, mt lp bc lt PVC,
mt lp bng nhm ( chng trm in) v lp v bc PVC bo v bn ngoi, cp in
p ca cp l 0,6

3.3 Dy dn t in k n cc thit b tiu th in (dy dn trong nh)

Vit Nam, hu nh 2 on dy cp mc 3.1 v 3.2 u do ngnh in lc t
la chn v lp t nu ch nh khng c yu cu g ring. Cn cc dy dn t in k
n cc thit b tiu th in, hu ht l do ch nh t quyt nh lo liu, y l cng vic
m hng dn ny cho l ch nh cn thit phi quan tm. Cc dy dn ny c ngh
s dng mt trong cc loi sau y.
3.3.1 Dy n cng (VC)
Dy n cng (VC) l dy c rut dn l 1 si ng, bc cch in PVC. Cp in p ca
dy
l
600V.
Ngoi ra, cn c Dy n cng khng ch (LF-VC), khng tc hi cho con ngi v mi
trng bng cch s dng vt liu PVC khng ch (LF-PVC), ph hp quy nh RoHS
(Restriction of Hazardous Substances) ca chu u.

3.3.2 Dy n mm (VCm)
Dy n mm (VCm) l dy c rut dn gm nhiu si ng c xon vi nhau, bc
cch in bng vt liu PVC. Cp in p ca dy l 250V.
Ngoi ra, cn c Dy n mm khng ch (LF-VCm), khng tc hi cho con ngi v mi
trng bng cch s dng vt liu PVC khng ch (LF-PVC).

3.3.3 Dy i mm dt (VCmd)
Dy i mm dt (VCmd) l dy c 2 rut dn, mi rut dn gm nhiu si ng xon li
vi nhau, 2 rut dn ny c bc cch in PVC v phn cch in ca 2 rut dn dnh
vi nhau to ra mt dy dt c 2 rut dn cch in song song vi nhau. Cp in p ca
dy
l
250V.
Ngoi ra, cn c Dy i mm dt khng ch (LF-VCmd), khng tc hi cho con ngi v
mi trng bng cch s dng vt liu PVC khng ch (LF-PVC).

3.3.4 Dy i mm xon (VCmx)

Dy i mm xon (VCmx) l dy c xon li t 2 dy n mm (VCm) ring bit.
Cp
in
p
ca
dy
l
250V.
Ngoi ra, cn c Dy i mm xon khng ch (LF-VCmx), khng tc hi cho con ngi v
mi trng bng cch s dng vt liu PVC khng ch (LF-PVC).

3.3.5 Dy i mm trn (VCmt)

Dy i mm xon trn (VCmt) l dy gm 2 dy n mm (VCm) ring bit c xon
li hoc t song song ri bc bn ngoi mt lp v bo v bng PVC. Dy ny cng
c
gi
l
cp
CVVm.
Cp
in
p
ca
dy
l
250V.
Ngoi ra, cn c Dy i mm trn khng ch (LF-VCmt), khng tc hi cho con ngi v

mi

trng

bng

cch

dng

vt

liu

PVC

khng

ch

(LF-PVC).

3.3.6 Dy i mm van (VCmo)

Dy i mm van (VCmo) l dy gm 2 dy n mm (VCm) ring bit c xon li
hoc t song song ri bc bn ngoi mt lp v bo v bng PVC. Dy ny cng c
gi
l
cp
CVVm
van.
Cp
in
p
ca
dy
l
250V.
Ngoi ra, cn c Dy i mm van khng ch (LF-VCmo), khng tc hi cho con ngi v
mi trng bng cch s dng vt liu PVC khng ch (LF-PVC).

3.3.7 Dy n cng, rut nhm (VA)

Dy n cng, rut nhm (VA) l dy c rut dn l 1 si nhm, bc cch in PVC. Cp
in
p
ca
dy
l
600V.
Ngoi ra, cn c Dy n cng rut nhm khng ch (LF-VA), khng tc hi cho con ngi
v mi trng bng cch s dng vt liu PVC khng ch (LF-PVC).

3.3.8 Dy in lc rut ng, cch in PVC (CV)

Dy in lc rut ng, cch in PVC (CV) l dy c rut dn gm 7 (hoc 19) si ng
xon ng tm, bc mt lp cch in PVC. Cp in p ca dy l 450/750V hoc
0,6/1kV.
Ngoi ra, cn c Dy in lc rut ng, cch in PVC khng ch (LF-CV), khng tc hi
cho con ngi v mi trng bng cch s dng vt liu PVC khng ch (LF-PVC).

3.3.9 Cp in lc rut ng, cch in PVC, v bo v PVC (CVV)

Cp in lc rut ng, cch in PVC, v bo v PVC (CVV) l cp c 1 hoc nhiu li

cp, mi li cp c rut dn gm 7 (hoc 19) si ng xon ng tm v bc mt lp cch
in PVC. Cp CVV c mt lp v bo v PVC bn ngoi. Cp in p ca cp l
450/750V
hoc
0,6/1kV.
Ngoi ra, cn c Cp in lc rut ng, cch in PVC khng ch, v bo v PVC khng
ch (LF-CVV), khng tc hi cho con ngi v mi trng bng cch s dng vt liu
PVC
khng
ch
(LF-PVC)
cho
cch
in
v
v
bc.

4. Cng sut chu ti ca cc loi dy cp in thng s dng cho nh

Mi c dy/ cp (tit din rut dn) v mi loi dy/cp c mc chu ti khc nhau. i
vi mc ch nh , hng dn ny a ra cc bng m t cng sut chu ti ca cc loi
dy/cp nh di y. Cng sut chu ti nu trong cc bng ny l ph hp vi nhit
mi trng n 40 C v cng xem xt n vn st p nhm m bo cht lng
in sinh hot cho nh .
Bng 1: Cng sut chu ti ca cp Duplex Du-CV, Duplex Du-CX
Tit din
rut dn
3 mm2
4 mm2
5 mm2
5.5 mm2
6 mm2
7 mm2
8 mm2

Cng sut
chu ti
5,5 kW
6,8 kW
7,8 kW
8,3 kW
8,7 kW
9,5 kW
10,6 kW

Chiu di
ng dy
30 m
30 m
35 m
35 m
35 m
40 m
40 m

Tit din
rut dn
10 mm2
11 mm2
14 mm2
16 mm2
22 mm2
25 mm2
35 mm2

Cng sut
chu ti
12,1 kW
12,9 kW
15,0 kW
16,2 kW
20,0 kW
21,2 kW
26,2 kW

Chiu di
ng dy
45 m
45 m
50 m
50 m
60 m
60 m
70 m

Chiu di ng dy ngh s dng bng ny c tnh tan theo st p khng qu 5% iu kin y ti.

i vi ngun 1pha 2dy, 220V, sau khi chn c tit din rut dn ph hp vi cng
sut nhng cha ph hp vi chiu di ng dy mong mun th ch vic tng tit din
ln mt cp (v d tng t 3mm2 ln 4mm2) v kim tra li theo cng thc di y, nu
tha mn th tit din dy va tng ln l ph hp, nu cha tha mn th tng tit din
rut dn ln mt cp na v kim tra li nh trn cho n khi tha mn.

Trong P = Cng sut tnh tan chn dy, kW

L = Chiu di ng dy mong mun, m
S = Tit din rut dn ca dy, mm2
Bng 2: Cng sut chu ti ca cp in k K-CVV, K-CXV

Tit din
rut dn
2

3 mm
4 mm2
5 mm2
5,5 mm2
6 mm2
7 mm2
8 mm2

Cng sut chu ti

Cch in
Cch in
PVC
XLPE
(K-CVV)
6,4 kW
7,6 kW
8,8 kW
9,4 kW
9,8 kW
10,8 kW
11,8 kW

(K-CXV)
8,2 kW
9,8 kW
11,2 kW
11,9 kW
12,4 kW
13,8 kW
15,0 kW

Tit din
rut dn
2

10 mm
11 mm2
14 mm2
16 mm2
22 mm2
25 mm2
35 mm2

Cng sut chu ti

Cch in
Cch in
PVC
XLPE
(K-CVV)
13,4 kW
14,2 kW
16,6 kW
17,8 kW
22,0 kW
23,6 kW
29,0 kW

(K-CXV)
17,0 kW
18,1 kW
20,7 kW
22,0 kW
27,2 kW
29,2 kW
36,0 kW

Thng thng chiu di s dng Cp in k kh ngn nn khng cn quan tm n st p.

Bng 3: Cng sut chu ti ca dy VC, CV, CVV

Tit din rut dn
0,5 mm2
0,75 mm2
1,0 mm2
1,25 mm2
1,5 mm2
2,0 mm2
2,5 mm2

Cng sut chu ti

0,8 kW
1,3 kW
1,8 kW
2,1 kW
2,6 kW
3,6 kW
4,4 kW

Tit din rut dn

3 mm2
4 mm2
5 mm2
6 mm2
7 mm2
8 mm2
10 mm2

Cng sut chu ti

5,6 kW
7,3 kW
8,7 kW
10,3 kW
11,4 kW
12,5 kW
14,3 kW

Cng sut nu trong bng trn ph hp cho chiu di dy n 30m, vi st p khng qu 5% iu kin y ti

Bng 4: Cng sut chu ti ca dy i mm VCm, VCmd, VCmx, VCmt, VCmo

Tit din rut dn

Cng sut chu ti

Tit din rut dn

Cng sut chu ti