In Bao Cao Duong Truc 4 Thang 10

Bo co TM d n xy dng cng trnh ng trc trung tm th mi M linh - tnh Vnh Phc
Cc k hiu vit tt
BVMT :
Bo v mi trng
TM:
nh gi tc ng mi trng
CCT:
a cht cng trnh
CP:
Chnh ph
KHCN&MT:
B Khoa hc, cng ngh v Mi trng
TCCP:
Tiu chun cho php
TCVN:
Tiu chun Vit Nam
Q - UB:
Quyt nh ca U ban
UBND:
U ban nhn dn
PCCC:
Phng chy cha chy
WHO:
T chc Y t th gii
VOC :
Hp cht hu c d bay hi
TNMT:
Ti nguyn v Mi trng
QL:
Quc l
NA:
Ngi b nh hng bi d n
mc lc
Trung tm ti nguyn v mi trng tnh vnh phc
Ni dung
Tran
g
Mc lc
Chng I: M u
1.1. Xut x ca d n
1.2. C s php l v k thut ca bo co TM
1.3. T chc thc hin lp bo co TM
13
Chng 2: M t s lc v d n
15
2.1. Tn d n
15
2.2. i din ch d n
15
2.3. Cc phng n la chn v tr tuyn ng
15
2.4. c im v quy m cng trnh
19
2.5. Ngun cung cp nguyn vt liu xy dng ch yu
32
2.6. C s xc nh vn - Tng mc u t
33
2.7. Thi hn v tin thc hin d n
34
Chng III: iu kin t nhin - kinh t x hi kho st nh

gi mi trng nn khu vc
36
3.1. iu kin t nhin
36
3.1.1. Din tch t nhin
36
3.1.2 a hnh
36
3.1.3. Kh hu
37
3.1.4. Thu vn v thot nc ma hin ti
42
3.1.5. iu kin a cht cng trnh
43
3.1.6. c im ti nguyn sinh hc
44
3.2. c im kinh t - x hi khu vc d n
44
3.2.1. Dn s v lao ng
44
3.2.2. c im kinh t, x hi
45
3.3. Kho st nh gi hin trng mi trng nn khu vc

d n
52
3.3.1. Cht lng mi trng khng kh khu vc d n
53
3.3.2. Kt qu phn tch cht lng ting n khu vc d n
55
3.3.3. Cht lng mi trng nc mt khu vc d n
56
3.3.4. Cht lng mi trng t khu vc d n
63
3.3.5. Cht lng mi trng nc ngm khu vc d n
63
Chng IV: D bo, nh gi tc ng mi trng ca d n
69
4.1. Tc ng ca d n trong giai on tin xy dng
69
4.1.1. Tc ng ti thu nhp ca cc h gia nh b thu

hi t k c t th c v t dnh cho sn xut
70
4.1.2. Tc ng ti k hoch s dng t v chin lc pht

trin kinh t - x hi ca a phng
71
4.1.3. Tc ng ti yu t tm l ca ngi dn
71
4.1.4. Tc ng ti a dng sinh hc v ti nguyn sinh

vt
71
4.2. Tc ng ca d n trong giai on xy dng
72
4.2.1. Tc ng n cht lng khng kh
72
4.2.2. Tc ng n ting n v rung
73
4.2.3. Tc ng n mi trng nc mt
75
4.2.4. Tc ng n mi trng nc ngm
77
4.2.5. Tc ng n mi trng t
78
4.2.6. Tc ng ca d n gy trt t, l t v xi
mn t
79
4.2.7. Tc ng ca d n n ngp ng
79
4.2.8. Tng tai nn giao thng
80
4.2.9. Tc ng ti kinh t - x hi ca khu vc d n
80
4.2.10. Tc ng ti a dng sinh hc v ti nguyn sinh

vt
81
4.2.11. Nhng nh hng lin quan n c s h tng tm
81
4.3. Tc ng ca d n trong giai on vn hnh
82
83
4.3.2. Tc ng n mc n
88
89
4.3.4. Tc ng n cht lng nc ngm
90
4.3.5. Tc ng n kinh t - x hi
90
4.3.6. Tc ng n a dng sinh hc v ti nguyn sinh

vt
91
4.3.7. Tc ng lm tng cc tai nn giao thng
91
Chng V: Cc bin php khc phc v gim thiu tc

ng mi trng ca d n
92
5.1. Bin php gim thiu trong giai on thit k v thi

cng
92
5.1.1. Cc bin php gim thiu tc ng n kinh t x hi v di dn
92
5.1.2. Cc bin php chng ngp ng
99
5.2. Cc bin php gim thiu nhim trong giai on thi

cng
100
5.2.1. Cc bin php gim thiu nhim khng kh
100
5.2.2. Cc bin php gim thiu ting n v rung
101
5.2.3. Cc bin php gim thiu nhim nc
102
5.2.4. Cc bin php gim thiu nhim mi trng t
103
5.2.5. Cc bin php gim thiu tc ng n a dng

sinh hc v ti nguyn sinh vt
104
5.2.6.Cc bin php gim thiu st l v xi mn t
104
5.2.7. Cc bin php gim thiu tai nn giao thng v tai

nn lao ng
106
5.2.8. Cc bin php gim thiu cc tc ng kinh t - x

hi
106
5.2.9. Cc bin php gim thiu nh hng bt li ti a

dng sinh hc v ti nguyn sinh vt
107
5.3. Cc bin php gim thiu nhim trong giai on

vn hnh
109
5.3.1. Cc bin php gim thiu tc ng n cht lng

khng kh
109
5.3.2. Cc bin php gim thiu nhim ting n v

rung
109
5.3.3. Cc bin php gim thiu nhim ngun nc
109
5.3.4. Cc bin php gim thiu cc tc ng kinh t x

hi
110
5.3.5. Cc bin php gim thiu tai nn giao thng
110
Chng VI: Cam kt thc hin cc bin php bo v mi

trng khi trin khai d n ca ban qun l d n
112
Chng VII: K hoch qun l mi trng v chng trnh

gim st cc cng trnh x l mi trng
114
7.1. C quan qun l chng trnh qun l v gim st

mi trng
114
7.2. Chng trnh qun l mi trng
114
7.2.1. Nguyn tc chung ca chng trnh qun l v

gim st mi trng
114
7.2.2. Chng trnh qun l mi trng. C ch phn hi,

sa i v b sung
115
7.2.3. Chng trnh gim st mi trng
115
7.2.4. Cc cng trnh x l mi trng kinh ph gim st

mi trng
116
Chng VIII: tham vn kin cng ng
126
Chng IX: ch dn ngun cung cp s liu, d liu v phng php nh gi
129
9.1. Cc cn c k thut v ngun cung cp s liu, d

liu
129
9.2. Phng php lp bo co TM
129
Chng X: Kt lun v kin ngh
131
Ti liu tham kho
133
Ph lc
134
CHNG I
M U
1.1. Xut x ca d n
Huyn M Linh nm pha Nam ca tnh Vnh Phc, lin
k vi th H Ni, l ni c v tr ht sc quan trng trong
quy hoch tng th pht trin kinh t, x hi chung ca tnh
Vnh Phc v c vng Bc sng Hng.
Xt v nhiu mt, huyn M Linh c iu kin ht sc
thun li cho pht trin kinh t, vn ho x hi ton din do:
Tip gip vi khu th mi Bc sng Hng (H Ni), k cn
cng Hng khng Quc t Ni Bi, c ng QL23 v cc trc
ng giao thng quan trng chy qua nh ng Bc Thng
LongNi Bi, ng QL2. c bit hn, M Linh nm trn trc
kinh t k thut quan trng l ng cao tc H Ni Qung
Ninh (QL18) v hnh lang giao thng quc t Cn Minh Lo
Cai H Ni Hi Phng m tuyn ng st H Ni Lo Cai
v ng Xuyn l hai huyt mch chnh. V ng thu, c
sng Hng nm bao sut pha Ty Nam ca huyn, y l
tuyn ng thu quan trng nht min Bc cho php ni lin
M Linh v tnh Vnh Phc vi cc tnh ng bng sng Hng
v cng bin Hi Phng.
Vi cc u th v tim nng t ai, mi trng trong lnh,
cnh quan thin nhin p v c bit l v tr thun li, M
Linh ang l mt vng c sc hp dn vi cc nh u t, c
bit l cng nghip (cc tp on ln nh Toyota, Honda xy
dng nh my y) v tr thnh trng im pht trin kinh
t cng nghip, dch v, du lch ca tnh Vnh Phc v c
vng bc sng Hng. Trong vi nm gn y hng lot cc d
n u t ang trin khai rm r ti y, nht l khi cc khu
cng nghip Quang Minh, Tin Phong c m ra.
Vi v tr thun li, qu t di do, ngun nhn lc
phong ph thc y kinh t huyn M Linh pht trin ht
sc nhanh chng, tuy gi tr sn lng cn thp, nhng c cu
kinh t thay i c bn: Cng nghip, dch v, thng mi
tng (chim t l 68,81%), sn xut nng nghip gim
(22,19%). y chnh l tin c bn cho s hnh thnh

mt th tp trung.
Tuy nhin, nhn vo bn phn b cc khu cng
nghip thy rng, hin nay M Linh mi ch ang khai thc cc
vng t thun li nht ven theo cc ng giao thng chnh nh
ng QL2, ng Bc Thng Long Ni Bi, ng QL23. Phn
ln t ai cch xa ng u l cc vng canh tc nng
nghip, cha c khai thc ht li th vn c pht trin
nhanh hn na kinh t x hi ca ton khu vc. Nguyn nhn
chnh l cha c ng giao thng thun tin.
Theo qui hoch chung th mi M Linh, tuyn ng
trc trung tm i xuyn sut qua khu trung tm th, ni
t cc c quan hnh chnh nh nc, c quan cng ch a
phng, cc trung tm thng mi dch v hn hp ln, cc khu
dn c th. Ngoi ra, tuyn ng ny cn l con ng
chnh ni th mi M Linh vi th H Ni, sn bay Quc
t Ni Bi, ng cao tc Ni Bi H Long thng qua ng
Bc Thng Long Ni Bi pha ng v vi th Vnh Yn,
Vit Tr pha Bc qua ng QL2 ang c ci to, nng
cp.
Xy dng tuyn ng trc trung tm th mi M Linh
s c nhng li ch c bn sau:
- L c s quan trng nht hnh thnh v pht trin
th mi M Linh. Trn c s tuyn ng trc trung tm,
xy dng cc tuyn ng trc cp 2, cc tuyn ng lin khu
vc pht trin v hai pha ca con ng, to ra cc khu t
xy dng cc cng trnh trong th v ni lin khu
trung tm vi cc khu khc trong th nh khu cng nghip
tp trung pha ng Bc, khu du lch sinh thi, ngh dng
pha Ty.
- Khai thc cc vng t dc theo tuyn ng t ng
Bc Thng Long-Ni Bi n th x Phc Yn. T tuyn ng s
hnh thnh cc vng t th c gi tr cao dc theo hai bn
ng, c sc thu ht ln i vi cc nh u t.
- Rt ngn qung ng t Vnh Yn n H Ni c 14
km, do khng phi chy vng theo ng QL2 c.
R rng, ng trc trung tm l con ng chnh, quan

trng nht, l xng sng ca ton khu th mi. S hnh
thnh ca con ng ny quyt nh s hnh thnh ca
th mi M Linh. V vy u t xy dng ng trc trung tm
l ht sc cn thit tng bc xy dng th mi M Linh
tr thnh th ln, c tm vc hin i, th v tinh ca
th H Ni.
thc hin ngh quyt i hi ng b tnh Vnh Phc
ln th 14, nhm thc y s pht trin ton din kinh t, x
hi v thay i c bn c cu kinh t, nhanh chng chuyn
dch kinh t nng nghip sang c cu kinh t cng nghip
dch v, tnh Vnh Phc ang trin khai qui hoch xy dng
khu th cng nghip mi M Linh vi qui m trn 14.000 ha,
tng ng hn 140km2 vi s dn 350.000 ngi n nm
2020.
Tuyn ng trc trung tm l hng mc quan trng nht
ca th mi M Linh, n l xng sng m bo cho s hnh
thnh & pht trin ca h thng h tng th v cc d n
khc trong khu th mi, nng. cao sc thu ht i vi cc
nh u t.
Do s cn thit phi xy dng ng trc Trung tm -
th mi M Linh, Th tng Chnh Ph, UBND tnh Vnh Phc,
Ch tch UBND tnh Vnh Phc ban hnh cc vn bn v
nh hng quy hoch chung, duyt khng ch to cc
im mc tim tuyn theo hng tuyn ng v ph duyt u
t d n.
1.2. C s php l v k thut ca bo co TM
D n u t xy dng ng trc M Linh s c nh hng
n cht lng mi trng c bit l trong giai on thi cng
xy dng. Cc tc ng n mi trng t, nc, khng kh,
ting n, tc ng ln cc h sinh thi khu vc, ... Cc nhn t
lm nhim mi trng nh bi, kh thi, nc thi, cht thi
rn, ... Vic ly mt qu t ln cho giao thng s lm nh hng nht nh n h sinh thi, thu vn khu vc. Bn cnh
nhng vn v n b mt bng, chuyn dch c cu
s dng t, ... cng cn thit c xem xt, nh gi trn

quan im bo v mi trng v pht trin bn vng.
Nhng cn c c bn lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi tr ng ca d n:
* Cn c php l:
- Lut bo v mi trng 2005 c Quc hi thng qua
ngy 29 thng 11 nm 2005 v c Ch tch nc cng b ngy
12 thng 12 nm 2005.
- Ngh nh s 80/2006/N-CP ngy 09 thng 8 nm 2006
ca Chnh ph hng dn thc hin Lut Bo v Mi trng nm
2005.
- Thng t s 08/2006/TT-BTNMT ngy 08 thng 9 nm 2006
ca B Ti nguyn v Mi trng v hng dn v nh gi mi
trng chin lc, nh gi tc ng mi trng v cam kt bo
v mi trng.
- Lut Xy dng s 16/2003/ QH11 ngy 26/11/2003;
- Ngh nh s 16/2005 N-CP ngy 07/02/2005 ca
Chnh ph v qun l d n u t xy dng cng trnh;
- Quyt nh ca Th tng Chnh ph s 208/2004/Q-TTg
ngy 13/12/2004 v vic ph duyt nh hng quy hoch
chung th mi M Linh - Vnh Phc n nm 2020;
- H s quy hoch tng th th mi M Linh - Vnh
Phc do Cng ty NQH Architects c tr s ti khu th Nam Si
Gn - Qun 7 - Thnh ph H Ch Minh thc hin c ph
duyt;
- Quyt nh s 1179/Q-CT ngy 26/05/2006 ca UBND
tnh Vnh Phc v vic Duyt khng ch to cc im
mc tim tuyn theo hng tuyn ng trc trung tm th
mi M Linh (ch gii 100m);
- Quyt nh s 1413/Q-CT ngy 20/6/2006 ca ch tch
UBND tnh Vnh Phc v vic giao ch u t d n TXD cng
trnh: ng trc trung tm th mi M Linh huyn M Linh;
- Hp ng kinh t s 01/H-XD ngy 14/06/2006 gia S
xy dng Vnh Phc (Bn A) v Cng ty c phn t vn v u
t xy dng CCIC H ni (Bn B) v vic: Lp bo co u t xy

dng, T vn kho st lp d n u t xy dng cng trnh ng
trc trung tm th mi M Linh huyn M Linh;
- Thng bo s 144/TB-UBND ngy 29/06/2006 v kt lun
ti hi ngh lnh o UBND thnh ph H Ni v lnh o UBND
tnh Vnh Phc hp bn v hp tc pht trin h tng th
gia hai a phng;
- Thng bo s 158/TB-BXD ngy 17/07/2006 v kt lun
ca th trng Trn Ngc Chnh ti cuc hp tham gia kin v
Bo co u t xy dng cng trnh ng trc trung tm -
th mi M Linh, tnh Vnh Phc.
Cc cn c php l cho n b ti nh c :
- Hin php Vit Nam (1992) khng nh quyn ca
cng dn c s hu nh v c bo v quyn s dng nh.
- Lut dn s (28/10/1995).
- Thng t s 05-BX/ DT (09.02.1993) ca B Xy dng v
vic phn loi nh ca.
- Ngh nh 64/CP (27/09/1993) v vn phn t
nng nghip lu di cho cc h s dng trong t nng
nghip.
- Ngh nh 60/CP (05.06.1994) quy nh s hu ti sn
v s dng t trong cc o th.
- Ngh nh 61/CP (15.06.1994) quy nh quyn mua,
bn v kinh doanh nh .
- Ngh nh 45/CP (03.08.1996) quy nh vic sa i
iu 10 ca Ngh nh 60/CP (05.07.1994).
- Ngh nh 88/CP (17.08.1994) quy nh vic qun l
v s dng t ai th.
- Sc lnh b sung, thay th cho sc lnh v thu t
ai v nh ca (01.01.1994).
- Lut v thc chuyn nhng t s dng (02.06.1994).
10
- Ngh nh 94/CP (25.08.1994) quy nh vic thc hin

Sc lnh thu nh t.
- Cng vn ca B Ti chnh s 2944/TC-TCT ngy
28.10.1995 quy nh min gim thu ca chng trnh nh .
- Lut khiu kin (02.12.1998).
- Ngh nh 67/1999/N-CP (07.08.1999) quy nh chi
tit v lut khiu kin.
- Ngh nh 17/2001/N-CP (04.05.2001) v th tc bo
v v qun l ODA.
- Lut t ai nm 2003 (c quc hi thng qua
26.11.2003) quy nh vic qun l v s dng t, c hiu
lu k t ngy 01.06.2004 nu r: Ngi c t b thu hi s
c n b bng t mi c cng mc ch s dng; nu khng
c t n b th s c n b bng gi tr s dng t
ti thi im ban hnh quyt nh thu hi t. UBND tnh v
thnh ph trc thuc Trung ng s son tho v thch thi cc d
n ti nh c trc khi thu hi t cho n b nh ca, t th
c cho nhng ngi c t b thu hi v phi c ni mi. Khu
ti nh c phi c nhng iu kin pht trin tng ng
hoc tt hn so vi iu kin nhng ni trc. Trng hp
khng c t cho ti nh c, i vi khu th, ngi c t
b thu hi s c n b bng tin mt v c u tin mua
hoc thu nh thuc s hu ca nh nc..i vi khu vc nng
thn, s c n b bng t th c. Trong trng hp khng c
t n b tip tc sn xut; ngi b nh hng bi d n
(NA) c t b thu hi khng nhng c n b bng tin
mt m cn c Nh nc h tr bng cch o to NA c th
thay i phng thc sn xut kinh doanh hoc bng cch sn
11
xut hay kinh doanh hoc bng cch sp xp cho h c vic

lm mi n nh i sng.
Mc 4 - Thu hi t
iu 39: Quy nh vic thu hi cho mc ch quc
phng, an ninh v li ch quc gia. Phn 2 ca iu ny quy
nh r thi gian thng tin cho cng ng (ti thiu trc khi
thu hi t nng nghip 3 thng v thu hi t phi nng
nghip 6 thng) v nhng l do thu hi t, tin , k hoch
ti nh c, gii phng mt bng/n b cho thu hi t.
iu 42: Quy nh vic n b v ti nh c cho nhng
ngi c t b thu hi:
Khon 1: ...ngi c giy php s dng t hoc c
iu kin c cp giy php s dng t s c n b
cho t b thu hi...
Khon 2: ...t b thu hi s c n b bng t c cng
mc ch s dng; trong trng hp thiu t cho ti nh c;
s n b gi tr tng ng vi t s dng ti thi im thu
hi t...
Khon 3: ...UBND tnh v thnh ph trc thuc Trung ng
s lp v thc thi cc k hoch ti nh c trc khi thu hi t ...
Khu vc ti nh c c lp cho nhng d n khc nhau trong
cng mt khu vc v c nhng iu kin pht trin tng ng hoc tt hn khu c.
Trong trng hp thiu khu vc ti nh c: (I) cc khu
th, NA s c n b bng tin mt v c u tin mua
hoc thu nh thuc s hu nh nc; v (II) cc khu vc nng
thn, trong trng hp t th c b thu hi c gi tr cao hn so
vi khu vc ti nh c, NA s c n b bng tin mt cho
nhng khc bit .
12
Khon 4: ...trng hp khng cso t canh tc n b

bng hnh thc t i t cho NA c t canh tc b thu
hi, NA khng nhng c n b bng tin mt m cn nhn
c nhng h tr ti nh c, o to ngnh ngh mi v
sinh sng bng ngnh ngh mi.
iu 49,50:
Qui nh iu kin cp giy php s
dng t cho (I) cc h gia nh hoc c nhn trc tip s

dng t vo mc ch nng nghip, lm nghip, ng nghip
v sn xut mui trong khu vc c iu kin kinh t x hi kh
khn cc min ni hoc hi o v nhng ngi c h khu
hoc giy t ca UBND x chng nhn rng h s dng t
lu di v khng c tranh chp c cp giy php s dng
t v khng phi tr tin s dng t; (II) h gia nh
hoc c nhn s dng t trc ngy 15.10.1993 nhng
khng c giy t hp php v UBND x chng nhn rng t ca
h khng b tranh chp v ph hp vi k hoch s dng t
a phng c ph duyt s c cp giy php s dng
t v khng phi tr tin s dng t; (III) h gia nh
hoc c nhn s dng t t ngy 15.10.1993 n ngy Lut
ny c hiu lc nhng khng c giy t hp php v UBND x
chng nhn rng t ca h khng b tranh chp v ph hp vi
k hoch s dng t a phng c ph duyt s c cp
giy php s dng t v khng phi tr tin s dng
t.
iu 56: Quy nh rng Nh nc kim sot gi t: (I)
Nh nc thm nh gi t phi m bo nhng nguyn tc
sau : gn bng vi gi t thc t ca t chuyn nhng trn
th trng; v khi c s khc bit ln gia gi t c xc nh
v gi t chuyn nhng thc t trn th trng th phi tin
13
hnh iu chnh; (II) Chnh ph quy nh phng thc thm

nh gi t cho tng vng ti tng thi im v gi hiu
chnh ti ranh gii gia tnh v thnh ph trc thuc Trung ng; v (III) gi t do UBND tnh v thnh ph trc thuc
Trung ng quy nh s c thng bo cho cng chng vo ngy
01 thng 1 hng nm.
iu 57: Quy nh vic t vn gi t: cc n v c
iu kin v thm quyn trong cc hot ng dch v gi
t c th l t vn v gi t v gi t c t vn s c
dng tham kho cho vic qun l nh nc v cc vn ti
chnh t ai cng nh cc hot ng s dng t.
- Ngh nh 188/2004/N-CP ngy 16.11.2004 v phng
php thm nh gi v khung gi ca cc loi t khc nhau.
- Ngh nh ny a ra gi ti a v ti thiu ca cc loi
t khc nhau trn ton quc. Nhng gi ny c thit lp cho
mc ch thu hi t ca Chnh ph, gi thu chuyn nhng quyn s dng t, thu t ca Chnh ph v cc mc
ch an ninh quc phng khc.
- Phng php thm nh gi t xut trong ngh
nh ny nhm m bo gi t thay th.
- Thng t 114/2004/TT-BTC ngy 26.11.2004 ca B Ti
chnh hng dn vic thc thi Ngh nh nu trn.
- Thng t ny son tho chi tit cc phng php thm nh
gi nhng loi t khc nhau cc vng/khu vc khc nhau
bo m theo gi thay th.
- Ngh nh 197/2004/TT-BTC ngy 03.12.2004 v n
b, h tr v ti nh c trong trng hp Nh nc thu hi t.
iu 6: ...ngi c t b thu hi s c n b bng t
c cng mc ch s dng. Nu khng c t cho n b,
n b bng tin mt tng ng vi gi tr t ti thi im
14
thu hi t s c p dng. Nu c bt c khc bit no v gi

tr i vi trng hp n b bng t mi hoc nh ca, nhng
khc bit s c gii quyt bng tin mt.
iu 19: ...nh ca v kt cu ca h gia nh hoc c
nhn s c n b gi tr xy dng nh , kt cu mi c cng
tiu chun k thut...
- Thng t 116/2004/TT-BTC ngy 07.12.2004 ca B Ti
chnh hng dn thc thi Ngh nh 197/2004/N-CP.
- Quyt nh ca UBND tnh Vnh Phc v p dng n
b.
* Cn c k thut:
- Bn thuyt minh bo co u t xy dng cng trnh ng trc Trung tm - th mi M Linh
- H s thit k k thut do Cng ty Cng ty c phn t
vn v u t xy dng CCIC H ni lp.
- Cc Tiu chun Vit Nam hin hnh v mi trng (TCVN)
do B Khoa hc, Cng ngh v Mi trng ban hnh.
- Cc ti liu v cng ngh x l v gim thiu cht
nhim (nc thi, kh thi v cht thi rn) trong v ngoi nc.
- Cc ti liu v mu hng dn lp bo co nh gi tc
ng mi trng i vi cc d n u t, c bit l cc d n
xy dng pht trin th v giao thng do Cc Mi trng
B Ti nguyn v Mi trng ban hnh.
1.3. T chc thc hin lp bo co TM
Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n u t xy
dng ng trc Trung tm th mi M Linh Vnh Phc c
ch u t thc hin vi s t vn ca Trung tm Ti nguyn v
Mi trng Vnh Phc S Ti nguyn v Mi trng tnh Vnh
Phc.
Bng 1: Danh sch cc cn b tham gia lp bo co nh
gi tc ng mi trng d n
TT
H v tn
Chc v
Chuyn mn
15
A. Trung tm Ti nguyn v Mi trng Vnh Phc

1
Nguyn Cng V
PG, Ph trch
TT
C nhn mi trng
Nguyn B Hin
T.Phng nghip
v
K s CNMT
o Duy Hng
Chuyn Vin
C nhn mi trng
Nguyn Vn Khai Chuyn Vin
K s CNMT
Nguyn Th
Hnh
Chuyn Vin
C nhn khoa hc
mi trng
Nguyn Th Thu
Hoi
Chuyn Vin
C nhn khoa hc
mi trng
Tin Thnh
Chuyn Vin
K s Ho Mi trng
L Vn Kho
Chuyn Vin
K s a cht
10 o Tin Sn
Chuyn Vin
C nhn kinh t mi
trng
11 Nguyn Vn Yn
Trng Phng th
nghim
C nhn ho phn
tch
12 Chu Th Phng
Minh
Chuyn vin
C nhn ho phn
tch
13 Ng Gia Bo
Chuyn vin
C nhn ho phn
tch
14 Phan Mnh Tun
Chuyn vin
C nhn ho phn
tch
15 Nguyn Lu Hng
Chuyn vin
C nhn ho vi sinh
Gim c S
S Xy dng tnh
Vnh Phc
Cc cn b lnh
o ca S Ti
nguyn v Mi trng
B. Ch u t
1
Nguyn Vn
Chuyn
Cc cn b lnh
o ca S Xy
dng tnh Vnh
S Xy dng tnh
Vnh Phc
16
Phc
3
Ban JIBIC Vnh

Phc
UBND tnh Vnh

Phc
17
Chng 2
M t s lc v d n
2.1. Tn d n:
D n u t xy dng cng trnh ng trc Trung tm th mi M Linh
2.2. i din ch d n:
S Xy dng tnh Vnh Phc
Phng ng a - Th x Vnh yn - Tnh Vnh Phc
2.3. Cc phng n la chn v tr tuyn ng
1. Nguyn tc chn tuyn
- Tun th theo quy hoch chung c ph duyt, m
bo gii phng mt bng kh thi v trnh khu dn c hin c.
- m bo yu cu v tiu chun k thut i vi ng
ph chnh cp I.
- Khi lng gii phng mt bng t nht
2. Phn tch la chn tuyn
Cc phng n tuyn: c 2 phng n
Vn dng 3 nguyn tc c bn trn, k s t vn vch ra 7
phng n tuyn s b trn bn 1/25000 v nh v li trn
bn 1/10000. Sau th st thc a. Nhn chung cc phng n v phi bm st qui hoch xy dng ch khc nhau cc
b tng on tuyn vn dng cc yu t mt bng tuyn hp
l v khi lng gii phng mt bng sao cho t nht. Sau khi
tuyn chn trong 7 phng n chng ti trnh ra 2 phng
n chnh:
* Phng n 1:
- im u tuyn: G (Quc l 2) theo hng Ty i dc
cnh ng n pha Nam x i Thnh (D4) chuyn hng Bc
Ty i dc cnh ng x i Thnh n u lng Tn Chu
(D3), chuyn hng nh sang pha ng Nam gn song song vi
18
trc Bc (pha Ty trng Trung hc a chnh) v gn st b

sng Tam Bo (D2), li chuyn sang pha ng Nam i vo
khe h x i Thnh ct qua knh Thch Ph (D1). T D1 sau
chuyn sang hng ng Ty, ct qua m V ni vi im A
(cui tuyn) v ng Bc Thng Long Ni Bi.
Bng 2 : To khng ch ca tuyn ng theo phng
n xut
Tn
im
G
D4
D3
E
D2
C
D1
B
A
Cao
N(m)
E(m)
R(m)
TK d
Ghi ch
kin
2349721.6
570462.1
135
353
2348500.9
570592.3
992
067
2347413.8
572264.9
281
025
2346899.0
572323.6
610
987
2345620.2
572469.7
771
598
2343407.7
574224.3
303
391
2341731.1
575553.9
197
137
2341761.4
577340.9
456
007
2341802.8
579782.0
751
492
10.00
900
8.50
750
8.00
Quc l 2
8.20
1500
8.50
8.50
650
8.50
9.80
9.00
a gii
HN
* Phng n 2 (phng n chn):

Phng n ny khng khc nhiu so vi phng n 1 m t
nh sau:
19
T u tuyn (im G) n D3 (theo nh s ca phng n 1) theo phng n ny gi l D4 (mi) khng thay i.

T D4 chuyn hng nh sang pha ng Nam gn song
song vi trc Bc (pha Ty trng Trung hc a chnh) v gn
st b sng Tam Bo (D3), li chuyn nh sang pha ng
Nam, trnh x i Thnh (D2). T D2 ct qua knh Thch Ph,
ct qua huyn l 50 (D1). Sau khi chuyn sang hng ng Ty, ct qua m V x Tin Phong ni vi im A (cui
tuyn) v ng Bc Thng Long Ni Bi.
im (A) lch v pha Bc 88m (so vi phng n 1). Ko
di cnh tuyn AD1, thm nh D2 (mi) pha Nam x i
Thnh, nh D2 (ca phng n 1) chuyn dch thnh D3.
Bng 3: To khng ch ca tuyn ng theo phng
n la chn
Tn
im
G
D5 (mi)
D4 (P4)
E
D3 (P3)
D
D2 (mi)
C
Cao
N(m)
E(m)
R(m)
TK d
Ghi ch
kin
2349721.6
570462.1
135
353
2348500.9
570592.3
992
067
2347413.8
572264.9
281
025
2346899.0
572323.6
610
987
2346161.0
572407.9
307
956
2343970.4
573687.7
809
338
2343575.4
573918.5
377
214
2343299.2
574202.5
10.00
Quc l 2
900
10.00
300
750
8.50
250
8.20
1000
8.00
330
1500
8.50
Vnh ai
4
500
8.50
500
8.50
20
D1 (P1)
B
A
847
957
2341730.6
575816.2
122
643
2341792.2
577340.3
152
786
2341890.8
579780.5
447
563
A=
500
10.50
170
9.80
9.00
a gii HN
R x Lcht
Lcht : chiu di ng cong chuyn tip cao tnh ti

im phn gic.
3. So snh v la chn phng n tuyn:
Vn dng 3 nguyn tc chn tuyn so snh:
* So snh cc phng n tuyn:
- So vi quy hoch chung, cc phng n xut v tr
tuyn c thay i t on gia tuyn, nhng v hng tuyn
th khng thay i so vi qui hoch chung chn, p ng
c mc tiu qui hoch.
- V chiu di tuyn, cc phng n xut khng khc
nhau nhiu:
+ Phng n qui hoch (PA1): L = 15.032 m
+ Phng n 2: L = 14.974 m
- S h phi gii to, di di:
Theo iu tra s b phng n 2 s gim s h phi di di
cn 44 h so vi PA1. Do vy s gim chi ph GPMB:
+ Phng n 1: 280 h
+ Phng n 2: 44 h
- Cng trnh cu vt sng trn ng: Phng n 2 nn
chnh tuyn c th rt bt hai v tr phi xy dng cu qua
knh Thch Ph. C th:
+Theo quy hoch (PA1) xy dng cu ti 6 v tr vi 6
cu vt sng.
21
+ Theo phng n 2: Xy dng cu ti bn v tr vi 4

cu vt sng. Chi ph xy dng cu thp hn phng n qui
hoch 22,95 t.
Bng 4: Bng tng hp cc ch tiu so snh tuyn
Cc ch tiu so snh
STT
Phng n
S cu
Chiu
S h
di
dn phi
tuyn
gii to
15.032
280
14.958
44
phi
R min
xy
(m)
Ghi
ch
dng
PA1 (Ph1
ng n qui
R = 500
hoch)
Phng n
600 650
* xut chn phng n

Cc phng n xut u khc phc c cc tn ti ca
phng n qui hoch, l gim s h dn phi gii to di di,
tm nhn hn ch v ng cong bn knh nh khi qua lng
Liu Tr.
Phng n 2 tuy c bnh tuyn khng p bng cc
phng n khc nhng c u im vt tri l s lng cu phi xy
dng trn tuyn l t nht.
Tuyn ng c vai tr: ng trc th, trc chnh trung
tm.
Vai tr ng trc th: l s m nhn cc lung giao
thng chy sut mang ngha ton thnh ph v giao
thng i ngoi. Lung giao thng nay i hi lu lng ln
v tc cao, c c phng tin giao thng cng cng i
ring. Mt khc tuyn
ng phi c chc nng giao
thng khu vc gia cc khu dn c, thng mi, cng

nghip vi nhau.
22
Vai tr ng ph chnh trung tm: iu ny th hin

r rng trong n qui hoch xy dng th. Tc gi
mun to ra khng gian honh trng ng b: ng ph
rng ln, dc ph b tr to nh cao tng, cc qung trng
rng ln, hng cy xanh trang im km cc bn hoa rc
r, h ph rng ri. Chnh to nn n tng b th v
kin trc.
Nguyn tc thit k:
- Tn dng khng gian mt ct ngang theo yu cu ca
qui hoch B=100m
- T chc giao thng ring bit cc lung giao thng c
tc khc nhau.
- Chiu rng h ph rng theo tiu chun ti a.
2.4. c im v quy m cng trnh
1. Qui hoch mng li ng ph chnh ca th
Cc ng giao thng ng b ni vi M Linh u tp
trung pha Ty Bc (QL2, QL18, QL3) v pha ng (Quc L
23, ng vnh ai 3 i H Ni).
Mng li ng trc th c cu to bi 5 ng chnh:
1- ng trc Trung tm: Xuyn qua gia khu Trung tm,
ni t quc l 2 theo hng Nam - ng (gc phng v khong
1300) vi on di 11.5 km, sau chuyn hng Ty - ng ni
thng gc vi ng cao tc Bc Thng Long Ni Bi.
2- ng trc th Xun Phng Chu Phan theo hng
ng Ty ct thng gc vi ng trc chnh khong Km 3
+ 636 (im E). Mt ct ngang rng 48m.
3- ng Vnh ai 4: t Ph N (pha ng Bc) cho
xung Ty Nam ct gn thng gc trc chnh trung tm ti
Km 6 + 907 (im D). Mt ct ngang rng 120m (bao gm ng cao tc v ng hai bn).
23
4- ng Ni Bi i Sng Hng ni QL18 vi th: tuyn

ng ny gn song song vi tuyn trn chch v pha Nam,
ct thng gc vi trc chnh trung tm Km 11 + 512 (im
B). Mt ct ngang rng 48m.
5- ng bin pha ng: Tuyn ng ny ct thng gc
vi trc chnh trung tm im cui st a gii H Ni Km
13 + 954 (im A). Mt ct ngang rng 48m.
Tm li vi 5 ng trc th, vi mt s ng ph khu
vc, ng ni b theo dng c, kt hp vi dng nan qut to
nn mng li ng ph hon chnh.
2.c im a cht cng trnh
Qua qu trnh iu tra tnh hnh a cht cng trnh,
nhn chung iu kin a cht cng trnh khu vc c cc
c im sau:
- Lp t (hu c) th nhng trn mt dy t 30 cm (vng
a hnh cao) n 50cm ( cc vng trng).
- Pha di l cc lp t st, st pha mu nu vng, nu
, xm nu trng thi t do mm ti do cng. Ti cc khu vc
ng trng (on t ng 50 n ht khu vc i Thanh Tc), cc lp t trng thi do n do mm do m cao, c
tnh ln ln.
- Trong cc sng ngi, knh mng lp bn c chiu dy ph
bin t 0,5 -1,0m.
nh gi chung: iu kin a cht cng trnh nhn
chung l khng kh khn cho xy dng cng trnh, khng c
cc trng hp c bit nh snh ly ln hay cast, nhng c kh
nng xut hin t yu ti khu vc trng do vng ny c cu
to bi ph sa sng Hng v nc ng thng xuyn. Ti cc khu
vc ny phi c x l nn mng khi xy dng cng trnh.
3. Cp hng k thut ca ng v tc thit k
a- Vai tr, tnh cht, chc nng v cp hng ng:
24
- Cn c trn qui hoch chung th mi M Linh l th

cp I v l th v tinh ca th H Ni.
- Cn c vo v tr, qui m, mi lin h vi cc ng giao
thng khc hin ti v tng lai ca tuyn ng c xc
nh trong qui hoch.
Xc nh :
+ Vai tr ca tuyn ng: Tuyn ng i xuyn sut qua
trung tm th, nn tuyn ng c vai tr ht sc quan
trng trong vic hnh thnh th mi M Linh, n l ng
trc Trung tm ca th mi M Linh.
+ Tnh cht, chc nng: Theo qui hoch, dc hai bn ng
l cc khu dn c th, cc khu trung tm thng mi, dch
v hn hp hin i, cc khu trung tm hnh chnh, th dc
th thao, nn tnh cht ca tuyn ng l ng ph chnh
trong th.
i tng phc v l cc loi xe c hot ng ch yu trong
th nh xe but, xe but chy in, xe in, xe du lch, xe
ch khch cc loi t 7 n 100 ch, cc loi xe ti chuyn dng
phc v trong th nh xe v sinh, xe ch hng ho phc v
th v ngi dn sng trong th.
Cc loi xe ti nng, xe container s ch hot ng trn ng vo ban m.
+ V cp hng ng: Vi qui m mt ct ngang ng
rng 100m v 14 ln xe chy th y l ng ph chnh cp I
ca thnh ph.
b- Cc ch tiu k thut ca ng ph chnh cp I:
Bng 5: Thng s k thut chnh ca ng ph chnh
cp I
(Trch : Quy phm k thut thit k ng ph, ng, qung trng th 20 TCN 104-83)
Stt
Tiu chun
n v
Thng
25
s
A
Thit k hnh hc
Tc thit k
II
Cc thng s tuyn
Km/h
100
Tm nhn hai chiu ti thiu
280
Tm nhn mt chiu
145
Bn knh cong bng ti thiu
400
Bn knh ng cong bng trong iu

kin bnh thng
2000 5000
III
Cc thng s mt ct ngang
Chiu rng ln xe.
3,75
S ln xe (cha k ln xe lm ch tm
thi)
Ln
6-8
Di ngn cch gia phn xe chy v b

va
0,75
Chiu rng h
4,5-7,5
IV
Cc thng s chiu ng
dc dc ti a
Bn knh ng cong lm ti thiu
1500
Bn knh ng cong li ti thiu
6000
Tnh khng chiu ng ti thiu
4,5
Kt cu mt ng
Cng yu cu
KG/cm
2
1.910
Ghi ch: Cc tr s trong tiu chun l ti thiu cn t

c
Cn c iu 1.8 ca 20 TCN 104 - 83 th ng trc trung
tm th mi M Linh thuc cp: ng ph chnh cp I. Tc
thit k 100 Km/h (phn loi k thut cp 100)
Tham kho tiu chun thit k ng t 22 TCN 273 - 01
(iu 5.3 trang 26) th ng trc trung tm th mi M
Linh thuc cp: ng trc th. Tc thit k 60 - 80
Km/h (phn loi k thut cp 60 - 80).
26
Qui m mt ct ngang ng: theo quy hoch xy dng B

= 100m.
V tuyn ng va c chc nng giao thng thnh ph
va c chc nng giao thng a phng, trn mt ct ngang
loi ng ph ny s chia ln theo chc nng giao thng cch
bit. Kin ngh tc thit k ng nh sau:
Vi chc nng giao thng chy sut (giao thng thnh ph)
V = 80 Km/h
Vi chc nng giao thng i phng (giao thng cc b) V
= 60 Km/h
Cc tiu chun k thut :
V thit k hnh hc ng: p dng theo 20 TCN 104 83.
Mt ng: Theo 22 TCN 211 - 93, cp AI
Cu cng: Theo 22 TCN 18 - 79 cp ti trng t H30 v
XB80 trn ng xe chy.
t H10 trn h ph. C th tham kho 22 TCN 271 - 01.
Mt ng: Cp AI theo 22 TCN 211 - 93.
Thot nc ma: Theo 20 TCN 51 84. Chu k trn cng 0.50
n 1,2 nm tu theo iu kin a hnh.
Chiu sng ng ph: Theo Tiu chun thit k chiu
sng nhn to bn ngoi cng trnh xy dng dn dng 20
TCN 95 - 83. Cp chiu sng: cp A
- Tiu chun quc t (CIE v BS) 1993.
- Tiu chun thit k n in chiu sng ng ph
TCVN 95 83.
Bng 6: Thng k cc thng s k thut ca ng ph
chnh cp I
TT
1
Ch tiu
Tc tnh ton
n v
Km/h
Ch tiu
la chn
Ch tiu
theo QH
80
80
Ghi ch
20 TCN
104 - 83
27
S ln xe
Ln
B rng ln xe
3.75
3.75
Bn knh
(Rmin)
400
400
Bn knh nn dng
2000-5000
dc dc ti a
50
Bn knh ng cong
ng li
6000
Bn knh ng cong
ng lm
1500
9
10
ti
thiu
Cp mt ng
Cp chiu sng
AI
50
AI
Loi A
22 TCN
211 93
20 TCN 95
83
4. H thng thot nc ma
* Nh trn ni v ma l mc nc sng Hng dng cao n
cao trnh trung bnh +15 16.00 v vy pha Ty ca huyn
M Linh c ngn l, iu c ngha l sng Hng khng
c vai tr thot nc cho th.
* Sng C L (on Nguyt c - Thnh K):
Chiu di 18km. Rng : 60 70m . Din tch lu vc 60 Km2
Cao y sng +4.00 5.00. dc xp x 0.01%.
Lu lng Q = 5 - 10 m3/s . Mc nc cao nht ti trm bm Thng
L l +7.00 7.50, ch lm nhim v thot nc khu vc M Linh
v ma cn.
Ti Thnh K khi mc nc +9.00 9.20 p Thnh K ng li,
ton b dng chy t pha Bc (m Vc tr xung nc s thot
qua cng tiu Lc tip tc chy v cng Phc Lp Phng ri
ra sng Cu (Bc Ninh).
Sau khi ng p Thnh K c vng M Linh (pha Nam p
Thnh K) thot nc ra knh Thng L v Tam Bo qua 2 trm
bm cng bc thot v pha ng chy vo sng C L:
28
- Trm bm Thng L cng sut 22*4000m3/h (tng ng 25m3/s)

- Trm bm Tam Bo cng sut 10*4000m3/h (tng ng
11m3/s).
Mc nc cao nht pha thng lu 2 trm bm ny l +7.50.
Phng n thit k thot nc c th theo quy hoch:
- Lu vc pha ng (pha tri ng st H ni Lo Cai)
Din tch F = 18,00km2 thot trc tip xung sng C L.
- Lu vc pha Nam: gi l lu vc m v din tch F =
7.78km2 vn thot qua Cu m V v m Vn Tr nh hin
nay.
- Phn lu vc cn li: Khong 81% din tch ton b
th cn li F = 114km2 thot nc v hng Nam - qua h thng
cng v h iu ho - bm cng bc ra sng Hng bi 3
trm bm: Trng Vit, Vn Kh, Hong Kim.
- Phng n ch o ca quy hoch l: Thot nc mt gin
tip xung h thng knh, rch v h trong th, iu ho
mc nc thng qua cc cng ngn v trm bm cng bc.
Nh vy, sau khi xy dng th hon chnh (trong bn v
nh hng thot nc ma v nc bn s QH-A-10) hng thot nc
ma c s thay i. l:
+ Khong 70 - 75% din tch th s thot nc v pha
Nam qua cc trm bm cng bc (Vn Kh, Trng Vit v Hong
Kim) chy ra sng Hng.
+ Pha ng tuyn ng st (H Ni - Lo Cai) thot nc trc
tip xung sng C L.
- Trong ma kh: (cc trm bm khng hot ng) h
thng mng, knh v h iu ho dng chy v thot t chy
ra sng C L (theo hng Bc) nh hin nay.
29
D kin phng n thit k thot nc ca tuyn ng:

a- Thit k cu qua dng chy v trm bm Thng L, Tam
Bo theo iu kin thot nc hin nay.
b- B tr cng, phn lu dng chy v pha Nam ph hp
vi qui hoch thot nc ca th.
c- Tnh ton vi chu k trn cng p = 1 nm (theo iu 2.2.6
ca 20 TCN 50 - 84) v din tch lu vc < 150 ha, dc i
0.005 (vi trng hp bt li).
d- Mc nc sng C L cao nht l khng ch +7.00 n
+7.50.
e- Cao khng ch tim ng phi cao t chc
thot nc v khng gy ngp ng cc b, sau khi iu tra mc
nc thng xuyn xc nh ti bng thng k to khng
ch ca tuyn ng theo phng n chn.
H thng thot nc ma c qui hoch hon chnh bao gm:
- Mng cc tuyn cng BTCT ng knh t D600mm n
D2000mm t ngm dc theo cc tuyn ng v x vo h
thng sng, knh o phn b u trong th.
- o m rng, nn chnh hng cc knh v sng ngi
thot nc hin c. o thm cc knh mi to thnh mt h thng
knh v sng lin thng n cc im x lm chc nng cha
v thot nc chnh cho ton th.
- No vt, m rng m trng st sng Hng, thuc
a phn hai x Hong Kim, Vn Kh thnh h iu ho, ni
tp trung cha nc cho khu vc pha Ty th. B tr hai
trm bm cng bc bm nc t h iu ho ra sng Hng.
Hng thot nc cho th, gm 3 hng chnh:
- Thot t chy ra sng C L pha ng Bc.
- Thot t chy ra m V, m Vn Tr pha ng.
30
- Thot cng bc ra sng Hng bng 3 trm bm pha

Ty (Trm bm, Trng Vit, Hong Kim, Vn Kh).
5. D kin phng n thit k cu:
Cu vt sng:
Cp ti trng: HL93.
Kt cu: B tng ct thp v b tng ct thp d ng lc.
B rng cu: Theo ng.
Bng 7: Kt qu tnh ton thu vn thu lc cng
trnh khu cu
TT
Cu
L
trnh
Q1%
(m3/s)
Ltk
(m)
Kt cu
m V
13+489
45
24
BTCT DL
Thng L
12+924
96.4
33
BTCT DL
Tam Bo
4+435
42.81
24
BTCT DL
Tin Chu
0+640
10
24
BTCT DL
Cu vt ti cc nt giao thng:
* Cc nt giao vi cc ng quc l 2 (nt G), vi ng cao
tc (vnh ai 3, 4, Nt D, A) s l nt giao khc mc, tnh
khng ca cu vt l 5.20 m.
- Thit k cu vt : BTCT d ng lc c 2 cu vt, cu nhp
gin n 2x7.5m nm trn ng trc M linh c chc nng
nh mt cu chui tuyn nhnh i chui qua ng trc,
cu nhp lin tc 4x30m c chc nng tuyn nhanh r i
vt ln trn ng V3.
- Thit k cu chui: Cp ti trng: HL93. B rng cu: theo
b rng ng; Kt cu m, tr, nhp bng b tng d ng
lc
Cu nh v cng qua cc knh rch:
Vi cc loi cng c khu nh hn 6m, dng cc loi cng
hp s tho thun cng trnh giao thng hin nay.
31
T chc giao thng v phng an thit k nt giao

thng:
Chc nng giao thng ng trc trung tm:
- Theo 22 TCN 273 - 01: Phc v giao thng trong thnh ph ni
cc trung tm
dn c dc tuyn: Tin Chu, i Thnh, M
Linh, cc khu cng nghip pha ng Bc. Ni lin th vi ng vnh ai 3, 4 (thnh ph H ni), quc l 2, 3 v 18. Lu lng xe t 5000 -50.000 xe/ngy.
- Theo 20 TCN 104 - 83: Giao thng trn trc chnh trung tm
l giao thng lin tc, t chc giao nhau khc cao .
- Giao ct gia ng trc trung tm vi cc loi ng khc c
thng k phn 2.
Bng 8: Cc nt giao thng chnh yu v cp hng
(theo 22 TCN 273 - 01) iu 9.2.6 :
TT
T
n
nt
L trnh
Cp
hng
ng
GC
Ph
n loi
nt
(*)
XD t
u
Hon
thin
Ghi
ch
Phng
n (**)
KM0+000
Ql2
Cng mc
Khcmc
lin
thng
Quc
l2
A1
D5
KM1+107
TL38
Cng mc
Cng mc
B3
KM3+636
F C C1
Cng mc
Cng mc
B2
KM6+909.7
5
CT
Cng mc
Khc mc
lin
thng
KM7+760.7
4
F C C1
Cng mc
Cng mc
B1
KM11+512
F C C1
Cng mc
Cng mc
B1
KM13+954
F C C1
Cng mc
Cng mc
B2
A1
Thuc a
gii HN
CT
Khc mc
lin thng
Khc mc
lin
thng
ng ni b
Cng mc
Cng mc
Vnh
ai 4
A2
Vnh
ai 3
B
3,4,5,6,
7
32
* Ch thch phn loi nt :

(1)- Giao ct khc mc lin thng trong mi trng hp.
(2)- Thng l giao ct khc mc lin thng, nhng c th
giao ct khc mc (khng lin thng) nu lu lng thp...
(3)*- Thng l giao ct khc mc lin thng, nhng c th
giao ct khc mc (khng lin thng), nu khong cch gia
cc nt giao ct khc mc lin thng gn nhau.
(4)- Thng l dng giao ct khc mc (khng lin thng),
hoc c th dng cc ng cp 4 gn nhau.
(5)- Thng l giao ct khc mc (khng lin thng), nhng
c th lm mt nt giao ct khc mc lin thng vi l do:
+ Gii to lng xe ng
+ Phc v nhng ni c mt xe ln.
(6)- Thng l giao ct cng mc nhng c th lm mt nt
giao ct khc mc lin thng vi l do:
+ Hn ch kh nng thng hnh xe do xe phi ch
nt giao ct.
+ T l b thng v cht cao
+ Chi ph t hn co vi lm nt giao cng mc
(7)- Thng l giao ct cng mc, hoc c th dng cc ng cp 4 gn nhau.
(8) - Thng l giao ct cng mc.
6. Thit k kt cu mt ng, h ph:
Kt cu mt ng: ng cp A1, trc xe thit k 12
tn.
M un bin dng yu cu Eyc = 1910 Kg/cm2.
Kt cu mt ng:
+ B tng asphan ht mn:
5cm
+ Ti nha dnh bm tiu chun
1kg/m2.
33
+ B tng asphan ht trung:
7cm
+ Ti nha dnh bm tiu chun
1kg/m2.
+ Cp phi dm loi 1 (lp trn): 20cm

+ Cp phi dm loi 1 (lp di):
30cm
* Nn ng p t cp phi m cht K=0,98, dy

30cm (lp t p st y o ng).
Kt cu b va, lt h:
* B va di phn cch: Dng va b tng c sn mc
#250, kch thc 20x53 khng an.
* Hai bn mp ng dng b va vt b tng mc #250,
kch thc 26x23x100 c an rnh.
* Lt h: Gm 2 phng n.
+ Phng n I : p dng kt cu gch Block mu t chn dy
6cm + 3cm ct vng m cht + 7cm ct vng ct vng gia c
xi mng 8%.
+ Phng n II : p dng kt cu gch Terrazo dy 2,8cm +
2cm VXM #100 + 10cm ct vng ct vng gia c xi mng 8%.
So snh hai phng n: Phng n I c u im gi thnh r,
d thi cng. Kin ngh chn phng n I.
Thit k cy xanh v b tr cng trnh ngm:
* Cy xanh: ch yu l cy bng mt l to tn rng R = 4
- 5m, chiu cao 8 - 10m. Loi cy r chm.
D kin c li trng cy a = 6m.
Cc cng trnh ngm b tr ht di h ph, hai bn h c tu
nen kch thc
BxH = 2.40*1.90m (TN2.4). Ti nhng nt giao thng, ch qua
ng lin h gia 2 tuy nen dc bng cc on on tuynen
ngang kch thc BxH = 3.0*2.5 m (TN3.0).
Thit k chiu sng:
Cp chiu sng: Cp A.
34
Chiu sng y rt quan trng khai thc an ton

chnh th. Lu lng v tc cao hn i hi ngi li xe
phi a ra quyt nh chnh xc vi thi gian thao tc
ng m khng gy xung t khng ng c trn cc ln giao
thng. Cn hn ch ti thiu thao tc phanh gp v ngot gp
nhng ni no khng chiu sng. Kh nng nhn r cc
bin bo v vch sn k ng cng gip cho giao thng c
thun li. Mt h thng chiu sng y v c thit k an
ton l rt quan trng khai thc ti u mt ng chnh
trong th hn bt k ng ph no khc thnh ph. Vic
chiu sng cn lin tc v dng thit b loi tit kim nng lng.
Thit b chiu sng thnh ph thng phi va l du hiu
ca vn minh th va l phng tin ngn nga ti phm.
Trong trng hp khng m bo c chiu sng lin tc th cn
nghin cu nh sng ngt qung, chiu sng ti mt s ni nh
cui dc r v cc nt giao ct.
xc nh mc chiu sng phi xem xt cc nhn t
sau:
- Cp ng.
- La chn n.
- cao chiu sng.
- Khong cch gia cc im chiu sng.
- V tr t chiu sng (Di phn cch gia hoc bn ng, i xng hoc khng i xng).
- Cng sut ngun chiu sng.
Bng 9: Cc mc chiu sng ti thiu trn cc ng
th
Lu lng giao thng hai
chiu
Mc chiu sng
(lux)
35
> 2000
11,0
1000 - 2000
7,7
500 - 1000
4,4
200 - 500
2,2
200 - 100
1,1
Thit k tuynen :
Mc ch thit k.
- H thng ho k thut trong tng th h thng cc
cng trnh k thut th c thit k to thnh mng
khp kn thng sut d u ni v m bo tnh tin
li trong qu trnh khai thc, duy tu bo dng cng trnh.
Bnh tuyn ho k thut.
Thit k bnh tuyn ho k thut: H thng ho k
thut dc tuyn thit k b tr trn phn h hai bn tuyn cch
ch gii 4,0m.
Mt ct dc tuyn ho k thut.
Tuyn ho k thut b tr trn h c cao mt tm an
bng cao mt h thit k (i vi on tuyn trn h) v
y cao kt cu mt ng (i vi on tuyn qua ng). Cao tuyn ho k thut c thit k ph hp vi h
cao khng ch ti cc nt v cao cc cng trnh k
thut h tng trn tuyn.
Cc cu kin lp t tuyn ho k thut c u ni bng
y. C bn dc dc tuyn ho k thut ly theo hng dc
dc h ng. Cc im ngt dc dc v thay i cu kin
thit k b tr ga k thut
Cu to cng trnh.
Cu to ho k thut.
36
- Theo yu cu qun l chuyn ngnh cc cng trnh k

thut th c b tr trong ho k thut ch bao
gm :
- Cp vin thng, cp quang.
- Cp in h th 6KV.
- Cp in chiu sng ng ph v cp h th cp in cho
ph ti 0,4KV.
- Cp nc phn phi D150 D200.
a. Nguyn tc b tr cp trong mt ct ho k thut.
- a1. B tr cc tuyn cp in lc trong mt ct ho k
thut theo 11 TCN 19 - 84 ( Qui phm v h thng ng
dn in ) v nhng ni dung :
Cn tun theo cc qui nh sau :
+ Cc cp t song song phi m bo khong cch = 300
mm.
+ Khong cch t cp in lc n cp quang bu in m
bo 600-700 mm.
+ Bn knh un cong ti thiu ca cp ngm Rmin = (15 20)d; vi d l ng knh si cp.
+ Cc thanh cp c b tr theo chiu dc ho k thut
cch nhau 1,5m. Gi c lm bng thp hnh L c kch thc : (50x50x5)mm v c sn chng r. Gi cp in lc c
thit k tip a.
+ Cp in phi l dy v ch ( hoc nhm ) c lp bo v
bn ngoi bng Polyvinyl.
- a2. B tr cp vin thng trong mt ct ho k thut m
bo cc qui nh sau:
+ Cc cp t song song phi m bo khong cch = 300
mm.
37
+ Khong cch t cp in lc n cp vin thng m

bo 600-700 mm.
+ Bn knh un cong ti thiu ca cp ngm R = 2,00m.
+ Cc tuyn ng cp vin thng c ng knh 110mm.
b. Phng n b tr h thng cp ngm trong mt ct ho k
thut.
Theo tiu chun thit k ho thut v kinh nghim thc t
cc nc nnb tr tch bit cp in lc vi vin thng. Mi loi
cp b tr v 1 bn tng ho k thut. Tuyn cp h th b tr
tng gi pha trn.
Yu cu b tr dy cp in trong mt ct ho k thut
nh sau :
- Cp trung th: T 6 - 8 cp c in p 6KV, c ly gia cc
si cp ti thiu phi bng ng knh ca cc si cp
(110mm).
- Cp h th 0,4KV: Cha c s lng c th. D kin mi ho k
thut s lm 2 gi t cp h th.
* Mt ct ho k thut BxH = 2,40mx1,90m
Thit k
+ 03 gi cp vin thng.
+ 03 gi cp quang.
+ 03 gi cp h th.
+ ng ng cp nc D150 - D200 (t di cng
pha nh dn).
+ D phng cho cc ng ng k thut khc...
Khong cch thng ng gia cc gi 300mm, b rng
gi 300mm.
c. Chi tit cu to.
* Cu kin ho k thut BxH =2,40mx1,90m
Khong cch thng thu BxH=2,40mx1,90m. Nn y ho
m BTXM dy 10cm, thn bng BTCT #300 1x2 c sn.
38
Cc cu kin c lin kt bng BTCT #300 ti ch, ct thp

c ni bng lin kt hn.
* i vi ga thm ho k thut BxH = 2,40mx1,90m.
Nn y ga m ct dy 10cm, y v thnh ga bng BTCT
#300 1x2 ti ch, tm an BTCT #300 1x2 c sn
v lp ghp ti hin trng.
Ct
thp
dng
thp
CI
(R=2100KG/cm2)
CII
(R=2800KG/cm2). ng sut nn y ga phi m bo

1,2KG/cm2.
Chng thm v thot nc r r cho h thng tuy nen k
thut.
K thut chng thm.
Ph gia chng thm c tc dng lm do b tng, gim l
rng, lm c cc l rng mao dn, tng cng b tng, tng
thi gian ng kt.
Thot nc r r.
Nc r r h thng ho k thut trong qu trnh vn hnh
thu vo h thng mng lng mo y cu kin, theo dc t
v ga k thut v c u ni thot vo h thng ga thm trn
Ti nhng ch ng giao nhau b tr ho k thut qua ng tit din 2x2m hoc l dng ng nha siu bn kt hp vi
ga thm.
2.5. Ngun cung cp nguyn vt liu xy dng ch yu:
1. Ngun cung cp ct liu b tng xi mng v b tng t
phan:
- Ct, , si: Ch yu l ngun cung cp t thng ngun
sng L, sng Hng, dm cc loi vn chuyn bng ng
thy, ng st v M Linh. Cc m ny c Nh nc cp
php khai thc m v hon thnh y cc th tc qun
l v khai thc.
- Nha ng: Nhp cng t Hi Phng.
39
- B tng t phan mua ti ng Anh.

- Xi mng: Rt phong ph, vn chuyn bng ng st, ng b tha mn nhu cu.
2. Ngun cung cp st thp : Cng Hi Phng.
3. Ngun cung cp cu kin b tng c sn: Nh my b
tng o T, nh my b tng Chm (H Ni).
4. Khai thc m t xy dng nn ng:
Chiu cao p nn trung bnh khong 1.50m. Khi lung
p khong > 2,30triu m3. V vy phi c v tr khai thc
khi lng ny:
- Khai thc ct Sng Hng: Nu thi gian thi cng l 2 nm
(730 ngy) th lu lng khi lng khai thc ct l 3150 m3/ngy.
- San bng mt (hoc hai) i trc cao 50m, din tch
khong 4.5 - 5.00 ha khai thc t. D kin ngun vt liu ny
khai thc ti Xun Ho, i Li, Trung mu, Bo qun. Sau
dng mt bng ny xy dng cng trnh khc.
2.6. C s xc nh vn - Tng mc u t
Thng k khi lng cng trnh tng th:
A - Hng mc: Nn, mt ng, cy xanh, thot nc, chiu
sng, t chc giao thng.
B - Hng mc: Cu trung.
C - Hng mc: Cu cng nh, mng ci to.
D - Hng mc: Gii phng mt bng.
Khi ton cng trnh v tng mc u t :
A- Chi ph n b gii phng mt bng :
(1) Din tch chim t v khi lng gii phng mt bng
:
40
Trn c s iu tra kho st thc a tuyn ng, xc

nh din tch chim t v khi lng gii phng mt bng
nh sau:
Bng 10: Tng hp din tch chim t
TT
Loi t s
dng
Din tch
(m2)
T l
(%)
1 t rung trng la
515.100,9
4
34,27
2 t trng mu
113.401,6
9
7,54
1.950,58
0,13
4 t ao h nui th
c
133.536,5
2
8,88
5 t dn c
29.716,61
1,98
6 Cc loi t khc
(giao thng, sng
ngi ...)
709.493,6
6
47,2
1.503.20
0
100
3 t trng hoa
Tng cng:
Ghi
ch
(2) Chi ph n b gii phng mt bng:

Tng chi ph n b GPMB xy dng tuyn ng c
khong 129,56 t. Trong :
- n b t :
44,6 t ng
- n b t nng nghip:
19,1
ng
- n b t giao thng, t ngha a:
16,3 t ng
- n b cy ci hoa mu, thu sn:
3,8 t
ng
- n b nh C4:
23.7
ng
- Chi ph h tr di di:
1,7
ng
41
- Chi ph phc v cng tc GPMB:
2,2
ng
- Chi ph n b + xy dng khu TC
18,19
t ng
Tng mc u t:
1.749.640.000.000 ng
( Chi tit xem trong phn ph lc)
Ngun vn u t:
D n c th s dng t cc ngun vn:
- Vn ngn sch Nh nc cp.
- S dng ngun vn vay ODA JBIC ca Chnh ph Nht
Bn
2.7. Thi hn v tin thc hin d n:
- Vn kin i hi ng b tnh ln th 14 ra nhng
mc tiu c th: phn u a Vnh Phc tr thnh tnh cng
nghip trc nm 2020.
- Cc vn bn php l (mc 2.1) xc nh thi gian quy
hoch th mi M Linh l nm 2020. V vy ng trc trung
tm phi hon thin trc khong 5 nm tc l khong nm
2015 v thi gian thc hin ton b d n l 8 nm.
C th chia lm 3 giai on:
1- Chun b u t :
1.1 Nghin cu v s cn thit v qui m u t: theo qui
hoch th mi M Linh c chnh ph ph duyt.
1.2 La chn hnh thc u t, ngun vn u t, kh
nng cung cp vt liu thit bi.
1.3 Tin hnh s b chn tuyn, qui m mt ct ngang
ng
1.4 Ch nh c quan t vn, lp bo co u t.
1.5 Trnh duyt bo co u t.
Thi gian thc hin : nm 2006.
42
2- Thc hin u t u t :
2.1-Xin giao t, cm mc ch gii thng bo ch gii
xy dng.
2.2-Lm th tc giy php xy dng, giy php khai thc
m t.
2.3-Chn c quan t vn k kt hp ng: Lp d n u t
v thit k c s, thit k k thut v tng d ton; xt
duyt h s thit k k thut, tng d ton cng trnh.
2.4-Gii phng mt bng, n b rung t ti sn, di
dn ti nh c.
2.5-u thu xy dng v xy dng cng trnh.Thu t
vn gim st thi cng
2.6-Qun l vic thc hin hp ng, qun l cht lng cng
trnh v thc hin bo hnh cng trnh
Thi gian thc hin: nm 2006 - 2010 hon thnh phn k
t 1.
2011 - 2015 hon thnh
phn k t 2.
3- Kt thc xy dng a cng trnh vo khai thc s dng:
3.1-Nghim thu bn giao cng trnh.
3.2-Thc hin kt thc xy dng.
3.3-Bo hnh cng trnh, sa cha sai st, h hng nh
trong qu trnh thi cng.
3.4-Quyt ton v duyt quyt ton.
Thi gian thc hin: nm 2010 t 1, thng 12 nm 2015
t 2.
43
Chng III
iu kin t nhin - kinh t x hi
kho st nh gi mi trng nn khu vc
3.1. iu kin t nhin
3.1.1. Din tch t nhin
Tng din tch t nhin ton huyn M Linh l 141,26
km2, trc ng Trung tm khu th mi M Linh i qua cc x
Tin Phong, M Linh, Vn Kh, i Thnh, Thanh Lm, Tam ng,
Tin Thng huyn M Linh v x Tin Chu th x Phc Yn, x
o c thuc huyn Bnh Xuyn. Din tch t nhin ca cc
a bn ny c th hin trong bng 6.
Bng 11. Tng din tch t nhin ca cc x c
tuyn ng i qua
Stt
Tn x
Din tch t nhin

(Km2)
10,57
Huyn (th
x)
M Linh
Tin Phong
M Linh
5,87
M Linh
Vn Kh
13,17
M Linh
i Thnh
7,41
M Linh
Tam ng
6,71
M Linh
Thanh Lm
12,56
M Linh
Tin Chu
7,11
Phc Yn
o c
9,50
Bnh Xuyn
3.1.2 a hnh:
M Linh l huyn ng bng ca tnh Vnh Phc, pha
Ty v Ty Nam gip sng Hng, pha Bc v ng Bc gip
sng C L, hai mt Ty v Bc c sng Hng v sng
C L bao bc.
a hnh nhn chung l bng phng v thp dn t ng
Bc xung Ty Nam. Pha Bc a hnh c mt s i g
44
thp, dc thoi, nh cao nht l i Thanh Tc vi cao

59,9m.
Khu vc pha ng ng QL23, ng 50 v khu vc hai
bn sng Hng thuc cc x Quang Minh, Kim Hoa, Thanh
Lm, i Thnh, Tin Phong, M Linh, Trng Vit a hnh tng i cao vi cao bnh qun ph bin t
8,5 n
10m.
Khu vc gia nm pha Ty ng QL23,
a hnh
trng thp vi cao t 6 7,5m. Ti khu vc ny hnh thnh

cc khu vc m h, ngp nc quanh nm nh khu ng Trm
(chn i Thanh Tc), cc m h thuc x Vn Kh, Thanh
Lm, i Thnh. Khu vc ny c din tch khong 6.500 ha
c thu li ho hon chnh vi h thng cc knh mng ti tiu,
trong ln nht v quan trng nht h thng knh Thnh Ph,
sng Trm vi chc nng tiu ng cho ton b khu vc ny.
Khu vc ngoi sng Hng l t bi c to bi ph sa
sng, khu vc ny a hnh thp ch yu trng mu nh ng,
du, khoai
3.1.3. Kh hu:
Qu trnh lan truyn, pht tn v chuyn ho cc cht nhim
trong kh quyn ph thuc vo cc yu t:
- Nhit khng kh
- Bc x mt tri
- m khng kh
- Lng ma v bc hi
- Hng gi v tc gi
- bn vng kh quyn.
Cng nh cc ni khc thuc vng ng bng v trung du Bc B,
kh hu tnh Vnh Phc ni chung v khu vc d n ni ring mang
c im nhit i gi ma; nng lm, ma nhiu. Ma ma trng vi
ma gi ma ng nam, ko di t thng V n thng X. Ma t ma trng
vi ma gi ma ng bc, ko di t thng XI n thng IV.
45
a. Nhit khng kh
Nhit khng kh c nh hng trc tip n qu trnh pht
tn v chuyn ha cc cht nhim trong kh quyn. Nhit cng
cao th cc phn ng ha hc trong kh quyn din ra cng mau l v
thi gian lu cc cht nhim trong kh quyn cng ngn. Ngoi ra
nhit khng kh cn lm thay i qu trnh bay hi cc dung mi
hu c; l yu t vt l quan trng tc ng ln c th con ngi trong
qu trnh lao ng hoc tin hnh cc hot ng ngh ngi gii tr.
V vy, khi nh gi mc nhim khng kh v thit k cc h
thng khng ch nhim phi tnh n yu t nhit .
bIN TR
NH NHIT KHNG KH
TR M VNH Y N
o
Nhi t
C) (
30
25
20
15
10
5
XII
XI
IX
VIII
VII
VI
IV
III
II
0
Thng
Hnh 1: Bin trnh nhit khng kh trm Vnh Yn

Biu trn th hin qui lut bin thin nhit gia cc
thng trong nm bnh qun trong thi gian nhiu nm ti trm kh tng Vnh Yn.
Kt qu quan trc cho thy nhit khng kh trung bnh
hng nm ti khu vc d n dao ng trong khong 23,7 oC; nhit
khng kh cao nht tuyt i c th ln ti 39 oC - 40oC v thng xut
hin vo cc thng VI, VII; nhit khng kh thp nht tuyt i l
3,7oC. Ch nhit ti y khng iu ha. Bin nhit gia
46
ngy v m khong 4oC - 7oC, gia thng nng nht v lnh nht
khong 13oC - 14oC.
b. Bc x mt tri v s gi nng
Bc x mt tri l yu t tc ng ln bn vng kh quyn,
ng vai tr quan trng trong qu trnh pht tn cc cht nhim
khng kh.
Bc x tng cng nm trung bnh trong nhiu nm ti khu vc d
n l 122,8 Kcal/cm2. Tng cn bng bc x c th t 71,1
Kcal/cm2. Tng tch n nm khong 8.600 - 9.000 oC. S gi nng v
cng chiu sng bin i theo ma, nhng nhn chung l ln, p
ng c nhu cu quang hp ca nhiu loi cy. Tng s gi nng
trong nm c th t xp x 1.7000 gi; s gi nng trung bnh cc
i 6,0 - 7,0 gi/ngy thng ri vo cc thng VI, VII, VIII.
c. m khng kh
m khng kh l yu t khng ch nh hng n qu trnh
chuyn ha cc cht nhim khng kh m cn nh hng n sc
khe ca con ngi v s sinh trng v pht trin ca cy trng, vt
nui.
m khng kh trung bnh hng nm ti trm kh tng Vnh Yn
l 81%. Bin trnh m khng kh trong nm c hai ln t cc i
(vo thng IV v thng VIII) v hai ln t cc tiu (vo thng XII v
thng VI). m khng kh trung bnh thng cao nht l 84%, thp
nht l 78%.
Biu sau th hin qui lut bin thin m gia cc thng
trong nm bnh qun trong thi gian nhiu nm ti Vnh Yn.
47
bIN TR
NH m KHNG KHt ng i
XII
XI
IX
VIII
VII
VI
IV
III
II
84
83
82
81
80
79
78
77
76
75
m (%)
TR M VNH Y N
Thng
Hnh 2: m khng kh tng i ca trm kh tng Vnh Yn

d. Ma
Ma c tc dng thanh lc cc cht nhim trong khng kh v
pha long cc cht nhim trong nc. Ma cn ra tri cc cht nhim
ri vi trn b mt t v cun chng vo cc thy vc. Ma ln tp
trung l nguyn nhn gy ra tnh trng ngp ng, to iu kin
thun li cho cc cht bn trong nc lan chuyn nhanh ra khu vc rng
ln xung quanh.
Lng ma nm bnh qun trong nhiu nm ca trm kh tng
Vnh Yn l 1603 mm, cc i c th t xp x 2500 mm, cc tiu
c th tt xung cn khong 1300 mm. Ma ma ko di t thng V
n thng X vi lng ma chim khong 85% tng lng ma nm. Ma
nhiu v ln nht thng ri vo thng VII hoc thng VIII. S ngy c
ma trong nm khong 142 ngy, gy bt li cho cc hot ng sn
xut v thi cng ngoi tri. Lng ma ngy ln nht t 284 mm, xy ra
ngy 4 thng X nm 1978.
Biu sau th hin qui lut phn phi ma gia cc
trong nm bnh qun trong thi gian nhiu nm ti Vnh Yn.
thng
48
Phn phi m a gia cc thng tr ong nm

TR M VNH Y N
L ng m a (mm)
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
XII
XI
IX
VIII
VII
VI
IV
III
II
0
Thng
Hnh 3 : Phn phi ma ti trm kh tng Vnh Yn
e. Bc hi
Bc hi nc lm tng m v mang theo mt s cht c mi vo
trong khng kh. Tc bc hi cao s nh hng n s pht trin
ca thm thc vt; c bit l vo ma t ma, duy tr thm thc
vt pht trin bnh thng i khi phi khai thc mt lng nc ngm ln
ti.
Lng bc hi tim nng nm trung bnh trong thi k nhiu nm
ti trm Vnh Yn l 983,1 mm. Lng bc hi ln nht thng xut hin
vo cc thng V,VI,VII.
Biu sau th hin qui lut din bin gia cc thng trong
nm bnh qun trong thi gian nhiu nm ca bc hi tim nng ti
Vnh Yn.
49
Lng bc hi tim nng

(mm)
Bc hi timnng
TR M VNH Y N
120
100
80
60
40
20
XII
XI
IX
VIII
VII
VI
IV
III
II
0
Thng
Hnh 4: Bc hi tim nng ti trm kh tng Vnh Yn
f. Hng v tc gi
Gi l yu t ng lc quan trng nht tc ng ln qu trnh
lan truyn cc cht nhim trong kh quyn. Tc gi cng cao th
cht nhim c vn chuyn i cng xa v nng cht nhim
cng nh do kh thi c ha trn u v nhiu hn vi kh sch. Ngc li khi tc gi nh hoc lng gi th cht nhim s tp trung
ngay ti khu vc gn ngun thi. Nghin cu gi cn cho ta bit nh hng ca cc ngun thi ln cn n cht lng khng kh ti v tr xy
dng cng trnh.
Tc v hng gi trong khu vc th x Vnh Yn ni chung kh
n nh theo chu k tun hon mt nm. Cc hng gi ch o trong
nm l v ng nam (Tn sut 34%), ng v ng bc (Tn sut
21%).
Gi ma ng bc thng xut hin t thng X n thng III nm
sau vi tc trung bnh khong 1,5 m/s, tc ln nht khong 18 20 m/s.
50
Gi ma ng nam thng xut hin nhiu nht t thng IV n

thng VIII vi tc trung bnh khong 1,8 m/s, tc ln nht vt
qu 40 m/s.
Biu tn sut gi theo 8 h ng

k hu v c v nh y n
W
SW 5%
3%
NW
9%
L
ng
21%
S
4%
N
3%
NE
6%
SE
34%
E
15%
Hnh 5: Biu tn sut gi theo 8 hng khu vc Vnh Yn

Ch thch: N-hng Bc, S-hng Nam, E-hng ng, W-hng Ty, NE-hng
ng Bc, SE- hng ng Nam, SW-hng Ty Nam, NW- Ty Bc)
C th ni thi tit kh hu khu vc huyn M linh kh thun li
cho vic pht trin kinh t nng nghip, giao thng, xy dng v du
lch. Tuy nhin bo v mt s hin tng thi tit nguy him khc l
nhng mt tri bt thun li, nh hng ln n sn xut, cnh quan,
sc khe v i sng ca nhn dn. Hng nm khu chu nh hng
ca trn di 10 cn bo v p thp nhit i. Bo thng km theo gi
git mnh v ma ln ko di, gy ngp ng hng ngn ha la v hoa
mu. Cc hin tng gi xoy, gi nng, ma xy ra gy nhng thit
hi ln ng k n ti sn, con ngi, hoa mu.
3.1.4. Thu vn v thot nc ma hin ti:

H thng sng, ngi, m trng trong khu vc tng i
phong ph nh h thng sng C L, h thng knh o Thnh
Ph, sng Trm, h M Linh, m V c tc dng thot nc cho
51
ton khu vc ng thi l ngun cung cp nc ti ch yu cho

nng nghip do vy chng c ngha ln v mt thu li.
Sng Hng l sng chnh min Bc, c chiu di on
chy qua M Linh trn 15,3 km, do c bao nn khng gy
ngp lt cho khu vc.
khu vc pha Ty v Ty Bc, do c im khu vc
l vng ng rung, a hnh tng i thp, c bao bc bi
sng Hng v sng C L, nn khi c ma ln khu vc ny
rt d b ngp ng.
Do c im a hnh, li c h thng bao ngn
cch, nn ch thu vn trn cc sng ngi trong khu vc ch
yu ph thuc vo ch ma ro gy ra ngp ng ni ng
m khng ph thuc vo ch thu vn ca sng Hng.
Theo cc s liu thu vn thu thp c, nm 1984 xy ra
ma ln gy ng ngp ln nht, nc trn qua cu Tam Bo v ng 23 nhiu on, mc nc cc i c ghi nhn l 9,2m.
Tuy nhin trong vng 20 nm tr li y khng xy ra ngp ng
ln, do hai trm bm Tam Bo v Thng L m bo chng ng
tt cho khu vc.
- Trm bm Thng L v Tam Bo c chc nng bm tiu
thot nc cho khu vc c din tch khong 6.500 ha pha Ty
ng Quc L 23 ra sng C L pha ng vi cng sut tng
cng 128.000 m3/gi. Mc nc gi trong ng cao nht l 7,5m,
thp nht l 4,5m.
- Sng C L pha Bc huyn M Linh, y l nhnh
sng chy t sng Hng qua ng Quc L 2 v th x Phc
Yn. Mc nc cao nht trong sng c khng ch l 9,1m (ti
p Thnh K), hin S Nng nghip v pht trin nng thn
52
ang c d n nng cp sng nng mc nc ln 9,20m

m bo nc ti cho canh tc nng nghip trong khu vc.
- m V thuc a phn x Tin Phong l ni thot nc,
ng thi cha nc ti cho khu vc Tin Phong. m V ni lin
vi m Vn Tr qua cu Vn Tr trn ng Bc Thng Long
- Ni Bi.
3.1.5. iu kin a cht cng trnh:
Qua qu trnh iu tra tnh hnh a cht cng trnh,
nhn chung iu kin a cht cng trnh khu vc c cc
c im sau:
- Lp t (hu c) th nhng trn mt dy t 30 cm (vng
a hnh cao) n 50cm ( cc vng trng).
- Pha di l cc lp t st, st pha mu nu vng, nu
, xm nu trng thi t do mm ti do cng. Ti cc khu vc
ng trng (on t ng 50 n ht khu vc i Thanh Tc), cc lp t trng thi do n do mm do m cao, c
tnh ln ln.
- Trong cc sng ngi, knh mng lp bn c chiu dy ph
bin t 0,5 -1,0m.
nh gi chung: iu kin a cht cng trnh nhn
chung l khng kh khn cho xy dng cng trnh, khng c
cc trng hp c bit nh snh ly ln hay cast, nhng c kh
nng xut hin t yu ti khu vc trng do vng ny c cu
to bi ph sa sng Hng v nc ng thng xuyn. Ti cc khu
vc ny phi c x l nn mng khi xy dng cng trnh.
3.1.6. c im ti nguyn sinh hc:
Cn c vo hin trng s dng t cho d n v cc kt
qu kho st, iu tra thc t cho thy ton b khu t ca
d n l rung la v khu l gch th cng, mt s ao th c ca
dn a phng. Do h thc vt y ch yu l la nc,
53
cc loi cy lng thc khc nh ng, khoai, u... v cc loi cy n qu. Cc

loi cy thn g ch yu l xoan, bch n. Thc vt thu sinh bao gm cc loi
rong, ru, bo, mt s loi to, c ...Thm thc vt ni chung ngho v chng
loi cng nh v sinh khi.
H ng vt ch yu l cc loi gia sc gia cm nh tru, b, ln, g, vt,
ngan, ngng...Thnh phn v chng loi kh n gin. ng vt thu sinh ch
yu l cc loi c nc ngt.
Nhn chung ti nguyn sinh hc khu vc thc hin d n
rt ngho nn c v s lng ln thnh phn loi. H sinh thi
khu vc ny mang nhng nt c trng ca h sinh thi nng
nghip vng ng bng. H sinh thi vng ng bng chu tc
ng mnh m do cc hot ng ca con ngi bao gm t
canh tc v khu dn c nng thn.
3.2. c im kinh t - x hi khu vc d n
3.2.1. Dn dn s v lao ng
Theo kt qu iu tra mi nht nm 2005 v u nm
2006 huyn M Linh c din tch 140,95km2, dn s ca
huyn M Linh c khong 180.529 ngi. Dn s trong tui
lao ng chim 52,1%; trong ch yu l lao ng nng
nghip (chim t l 92% s ngi trong tui lao ng), lao
ng phi nng nghip vi mt t l nh (chim t l 8%).
Thu nhp quc dn trung bnh GDP: 515 USD/ngi/nm,
t l tng l 15.3%/ nm. Cc s liu v dn s v t l lao
ng trn a bn cc x c tuyn ng i qua c th hin
trong bng 10.
Bng 12. S dn v t l lao ng
St Tn x
t
1 Tin Phong
Tng
dn s
14323
Nam
6991
7332
S ngi trong
tui lao ng
5113
M Linh
10989
5432
5557
5443
Vn Kh
12344
5737
6607
7920
i Thnh
10003
4703
5300
5561
Tam ng
8110
5221
2889
5365
Thanh Lm
14683
7300
7383
8455
54
Tin Chu
9427
4520
4907
5437
T l tng dn s t nhin hng nm l 1,107%. Dn c

phn b ch yu tp trung theo cc tuyn ng v dc theo
sng Hng, qun c thnh tng p, lng theo truyn thng
lu i.
Tng s hc sinh ph thng l 47.265 em, s lao ng
c trnh i hc, cao ng, trung cp c t l thp, phn
ln tp trung trong cc ngnh gio dc, y t. S lao ng
qua o to hng nm t 13.500 - 14.000 ngi, y l ngun
lao ng c vn ho c b sung hng nm, l ngun nhn
lc mnh m cho s pht trin kinh t ca huyn M Linh v
tnh Vnh Phc.
3.2.2. c im kinh t x hi
a. Sn xut nng nghip cng nghip v dch v
Sau khi iu chnh a gii hnh chnh theo Ngh nh
153/CP ngy 9/12/2003 ca Chnh ph, th huyn M Linh tch
ra khi Th x Phc Yn, tng s x ca huyn cn li l 17 x.
Trong cc nm qua, nn kinh t ca khu vc c s pht
trin v tng trng mnh c bit l ngnh cng nghip, c
cu kinh t ca c vng c xc nh l nng nghip, cng
nghip v dch v. Cng nghip huyn M Linh ang trong
qu trnh pht trin, tc tng trng GDP cng nghip cao
(43% trong giai on 2001 - 2004). T trng GDP ca nn kinh
t l 35,3%. Trong nhng nm gn y s pht trin ca cc
khu cng nghip ng vai tr quan trng trong vic pht trin
cng nghip ca huyn, thu ht c s lng ln cc d n u t
trong v ngoi nc, ng gp ngun thu ln cho ngn sch a
phng, gii quyt vic lm cho hng ngn lao ng d tha,
gp phn chuyn dch c cu lao ng, thc hin cng
55
nghip ho v hin i ho y nhanh qu trnh th v

pht trin cc ngnh dch v.
Cc nm trc y kinh t ca huyn M Linh ch yu l
sn xut nng nghip, trong vng vi ba nm tr li c cu kinh
t c s chuyn bin v hng sn xut cng nghip v
dch v. Song song vi vic hnh thnh cc khu cng nghip
Quang Minh, Tin Phong, Kim Hoa, trong khu cng nghip
Quang Minh l khu cng nghip ln nht ca M Linh v tnh
Vnh Phc.
- T trng kinh t:
+ Cng nghip:
46,79 %.
+ Nng nghip :
31,19%
+ Dch v, thng nghip:
22,02%
Gi tr sn xut cng nghip ton huyn tng nhanh,

trong khu vc c vn u t nc ngoi chim t trng ch
yu. Cc s liu v sn xut nng nghip, cng nghip ca
mt x c th hin trong bng 11.
Bng 13. Nng sut sn xut nng nghip v cng
nghip
(s liu nm 2005)
Stt
Tn x
Sn lng la
2004
2005
Nng sut
S CSSX cng
(t/ha)
La
Ng Kho
nghip ngoi
quc doanh
2696
2244
49
ai
0
M Linh
950
914
45,5
37
Vn Kh
4350
3676
42,3
61
i Thnh
3442
3439
48,6
35
Tam ng
4311
4036
46
32,5
80,6
370
Thanh Lm
5942
5605
49
32
80
72
Tin Phong
47
56
Tin Chu
813
621
45,3
73
- Thu ht u t: Theo s liu do Ban Qun l cc khu cng

nghip v thu ht u t tnh Vnh Phc cung cp, n nay
ton tnh c 149 d n cng nghip u t vo cc khu,
cm cng nghip vi tng s vn u t l 5329,95 triu USD.
Ring trn a bn huyn M Linh hnh thnh cc khu cng
nghip tp trung, vi tng s 108 d n u t nh :
- Khu cng nghip Kim Hoa: 4 d n vi s vn u t 210,378
triu USD.
- Khu cng nghip Quang Minh: 88 d n vi s vn u t
3234,72 triu USD.
- Khu cng nghip Tin Phong: 16 d n vi s vn u t
1.007,26 triu USD.
Ngoi ra cn mt s d n u t nh sn xut vt liu xy
dng, nc gii kht, dt may, du lch gii tr c cp php,
ang trong giai on xy dng nm ri rc dc theo ng
Quc L 23.
Trong giai on 2001 2005 nng lm nghip thu sn
ca huyn M Linh pht trin vi tc tng trng kh, gi tr
sn xut nng nghip tng lin tc trong cc nm. C cu gi
tr sn xut ngnh nng nghip c s dch chuyn theo hng
ngnh trng trt gim dn, ngnh chn nui tng dn qua cc
nm. Bc u hnh thnh cc vng sn xut rau xanh, cc vng
chuyn trng hoa nh cc x M Linh, Tin Phong, Vn Kh, i
Thnh.
b. Y t gio dc:
Hin trng y t trn a bn cc x c tuyn ng i qua
c th hin trong bng 12.
57
Bng 14. Tng s bnh nhn iu tr ni tr v

ngoi tr
qua cc nm gn y
Nm
S bnh nhn iu tr ni ngoi tr qua

cc nm
Ni tr
Ngoi tr
2000
10.921
5795
2001
13.098
7.566
2002
14.211
8.611
2003
17.614
Bng 15. Tng chi ph mua thuc v vt t cho ngnh y

t huyn M Linh
Nm
2004
2005
Tng kinh
ph c cp
4131
7217
Tng kinh ph
bo him y t
2961,771
7115,394
Ngun thu
vin ph
5196368
9783,096
nh hng quy hoch ton b th mi M Linh c phn

thnh 3 khu chnh:
a- Khu cng nghip tp trung: Nm pha ng Bc
th, dc theo hai bn tuyn ng st H Ni Lo Cai, thuc
a bn cc x Quang Minh, Kim Hoa v mt phn x Thanh
Lm. Khu vc c hnh thnh trn c s cc khu cng nghip
hin c ca tnh l Kim Hoa, Quang Minh, Phc Yn, gn ng
QL2, ng cao tc H Ni H Long, sn bay quc t Ni Bi.
Din tch 902,2 ha.
b- Khu th trung tm (ni th): Bao gm cc khu dn
c, khu trung tm hnh chnh, cc khu trung tm thng mi,
dch v hn hp, khu trung tm chuyn ngnh, cc cng trnh
58
cng cng nh : cc khu vui chi gii tr, th dc th thao, trng hc, cy xanh cnh quan th v.v...
Khu trung tm th nm dc theo hai bn tuyn ng
trc trung tm, vi chiu di khong 12km trn a bn cc x
Tin Phong, M Linh, Vn Kh, i Thnh, Tam ng, Thanh Lm,
Tin Thng.
Khu th trung tm bao gm:
- Ba khu dn c qui hoch mi, cc khu dn c chnh trang,
l cc lng xm hin hu c qui hoch, m rng thm lm cc
khu ti nh c cho cc h dn phi di di gii to. Din tch
t qui hoch 3 khu l 1907,46 ha, s dn d kin l 17 vn
ngi, i tng chnh l cng chc, vin chc, nhn vin cc c
quan thng mi, dch v, cc nh my, x nghip. y l cc
khu th sinh thi, xy dng mi, hin i vi mt xy
dng t 35 45%, tng cao trung bnh 3 - 3,5 tng.
- Cc trung tm hnh chnh, thng mi, dch v hn hp
nm cc khu nh sau:
+ Khu trung tm hnh chnh: Nm khu dn c trung
tm th (khu A), ni tp trung cc c quan hnh chnh
ca huyn M Linh.
+ Cc khu trung tm thng mi, dch v hn hp nm
cc khu A, B v C. y l cc trung tm thng mi, dch v
tng hp bao gm cc cc trung tm bun bn, giao dch thng mi ln, cc trung tm trng by, gii thiu sn phm, trung
tm hi ch thng mi tng hp v chuyn ngnh, cc t hp
ln v ti chnh, ngn hng, bo him, thng tin bu in,
khch sn, nh hng, vn phng, c xy dng cao tng,
hin i, hp dn. Mt xy dng 40%, tng cao trung
bnh 4 - 5 tng.
59
c- Khu nng thn nng nghip: Nm pha Ty th

st vi sng Hng trn a bn cc x Trng Vit, Hong Kim,
Thch , Chu Phan, Lin Mc, Tin Thnh, Vn Yn, T Lp, mt
phn cc x Tin Phong, Tam ng, Tin Thng. y l vng
nng thn mi vi nn nng nghip sch, k thut cao, ng
thi to ra cc khu du lch sinh thi vi din tch hn 5800 ha
ven sng Hng.
Ngoi cc khu ch yu trn, th M Linh cn c:
+ Khu dn c pha ng - Bc nm xung quanh khu cng
nghip tp trung. Khu ny c din tch 1229,71 ha, dn s d
kin 10 vn ngi. Khu ny hnh thnh trn c s cc lng xm
hin hu, c qui hoch ci to li kt hp xy dng mi thnh
cc khu dn c th sinh thi hin i. i tng dn c sng ti
khu vc ny ch yu l cn b, cng nhn vin cc nh my, x
nghip cng nghip.
+ Khu trung tm chuyn ngnh.
+ Cc trung tm th dc th thao, vui chi gii tr.
+ Cc khu cng vin cy xanh th.
H tng k thut th:
a- H thng ng giao thng th:
H thng giao thng th c qui hoch hon chnh vi
cc tuyn ng vnh ai, ng trc chnh cp I, cp II, cc
tuyn ng lin khu vc to thnh khung giao thng ni th
500 x 500m theo tiu chun th loi I, trong :
- Ci to, nng cp cc tuyn ng hin c (QL23, TL308,
..) thnh ng th.
- Hnh thnh cc tuyn ng th mi, bao gm cc ng trc, ng lin khu vc trong ni th.
60
- Hnh thnh cc ng vnh ai I, vnh ai II, cc ng

trc theo hng Bc Nam, ng Ty pht trin ra ngoi th,
k c ng vnh ai 4 ca th H Ni chy qua, ni vi cc
ng giao thng hin c nh QL2, QL18, ng vnh ai 3, 4
ca H Ni (ng Bc Thng Long Ni Bi hin nay) m
bo mng giao thng lin hon kt ni n mi ni trong tnh
Vnh Phc v cc tnh, thnh xung quanh.
H thng ng trc giao thng th M Linh bao gm:
+ Trc trung tm th: Tiu chun ng ph chnh cp
1, l gii 100m.
+ Cc ng trc chnh cp 2, tiu chun ng ph chnh
cp 2, l gii 48m
+ ng vnh ai I, l gii 48m.
+ ng vnh ai II, l gii 24, 35, 48m, trong c m
rng v ci to nng cp on ng trn ven sng Hng
thnh ng vnh ai II vi l gii 35m.
+ Cc ng lin khu vc, l gii 24m.
+ Bn xe but, trm, im xe but b tr theo bn
knh phc v thch hp trn ton th.
b- H thng thot nc ma:
H thng thot nc ma c qui hoch hon chnh bao
gm:
- Mng cc tuyn cng BTCT ng knh t D600mm n
D2000mm t ngm dc theo cc tuyn ng v x vo h
thng sng, knh o phn b u trong th.
- o m rng, nn chnh hng cc knh v sng ngi
thot nc hin c. o thm cc knh mi to thnh mt h thng
knh v sng lin thng n cc im x lm chc nng cha
v thot nc chnh cho ton th.
61
- No vt, m rng m trng st sng Hng, thuc

a phn hai x Hong Kim, Vn Kh thnh h iu ho, ni
tp trung cha nc cho khu vc pha Ty th. B tr hai
trm bm cng bc bm nc t h iu ho ra sng Hng.
Hng thot nc cho th, gm 3 hng chnh:
- Thot t chy ra sng C L pha ng Bc.
- Thot t chy ra m V, m Vn Tr pha ng.
- Thot cng bc ra sng Hng bng 3 trm bm pha
Ty (Trm bm Trng Vit, Hong Kim, Vn Kh).
c- H thng thot nc thi:
Nc thi sinh hot, nc thi cng nghip c thu gom ring
theo tng khu chc nng v c x l t tiu chun qui nh
trc khi x ra h thng thot nc chung.
Mng li cng thu gom nc thi ng knh D = 300
1000mm b tr dc theo cc tuyn ng c lp vi h thng
cng thot nc ma, dn v cc trm x l nc thi t trong cc
khu cy xanh trong th.
Trong th b tr 7 trm x l nc thi vi tng cng sut
x l khong 120.000 m3/ngy m.
d- H thng cp in:
H thng in bao gm h thng cp ngun v trm bin
p (cao th, trung th), h thng in h p cho sn xut, sinh
hot v h thng cp in chiu sng th.
Ngun cp in c u ni t ng dy 110 KV xung
cc trm bin p 110/22KV.
Mng cp ngun cao th 22 KV c chn ngm di va h
cc tuyn ng dn n cc trm h p 22/0,4 KV b tr phn
b ri rc trong th, m bo cp in cho tt c cc khu
vc.
62
Xy mi 01 trm 110/22 KV v 16 trm 22/0,4 KV trong khu

th.
Tng cng sut tiu th in n nm 2020 d kin
khong 2700 MVA.
e- Cp nc sinh hot v cha chy:
- Mng ng ng trc cp nc c b tr chy theo cc trc
ng qui hoch vi ng knh cc ng trc cp nc D = 300
600 mm.
- Ngun cp nc: T cc nh my nc xy dng mi s dng
nc ngm hoc nc sng Hng Xy dng mi thm 03 nh
my nc, kt hp s dng nc ca 04 nh my hin hu
cung cp nc cho ton khu th.
Tng lu lng nc cp cho th M Linh n nm 2020 l
220.000 m3/ngy m.
f- H thng thng tin lin lc:
Mng li bu chnh vin thng hin i, ng b, a dng
nhm cung cp cc dch v vin thng hin i phc v hon
ho cc nhu cu thng tin lin lc trong ton khu vc v quc
t.
3.3. kho st nh gi hin trng mi trng nn khu vc d
n
Trung tm Ti nguyn v Mi trng Vnh Phc t chc

kho st, o c v phn tch 02 t cht lng hin trng mi
trng khng kh dc theo hng tuyn ng trc Trung tm
th mi M Linh huyn M Linh trong thng 8 nm 2006 c
c s nh gi cht lng mi trng khng kh, nc mt, nc
ngm v cht lng t ti khu vc d n c trin khai.
t 1: T ngy 15 thng 8 n ngy 17 thng 8 nm 2006
t 2: T ngy 28 thng 8 n ngy 30 thng 8 nm 2006
63
i vi vic kho st, ly mu phn tch nh gi cht l ng mi

trng
khng
kh:
Cc im kho st, o c, ly mu phn tch tp
trung ch yu khu vc ng dn c, cc im giao ct, cc
u mi giao thng m tuyn ng s i qua hoc c nh hng nht nh do vic thi cng xy dng tuyn ng, v khi
a tuyn ng vo s dng.
i vi vic kho st, ly mu phn tch nh gi cht l ng nc
mt, nc ngm:
Cc im kho st, o c, ly mu phn tch tp
trung ch yu cc h thng thu li trong khu vc, h thng
cc m, h, knh mng tiu thot nc trong khu vc dc theo
hng tuyn ni ngun nc mt s chu tc ng trc tip do
cc hot ng ca d n nh thi loi cc cht gy nhim vo
mi trng nc, lm thay i hng dng chy hoc cc im
c xy dng cu mi, ...
i vi nh gi cht lng nc ngm kho st, ly mu
phn tch mt s im c nh gi l c th chu nh hng
n cht lng nc ngm do cc hot ng khoan thm d a
cht, o p nn mng hoc thi cng xy tr, m cu c
th nh hng n cht lng nc ngm.
i vi vic kho st, ly mu phn tch nh gi cht l ng mi
trng t:
Tp trung ch yu ti cc khu vc t nng nghip dc
theo hng tuyn ng ni c th chu tc ng do vic trin
khai xy dng d n v khi a tuyn ng vo s dng.
3.3.1. Cht lng mi trng khng kh khu vc d n:
Tng s im kho st, ly mu, phn tch: 18 im
Thi gian ly mu v phn tch t ngy 15/8/2006 n
ngy 30/8/2006, v ngy 18 - 22/9/2006.
Cc v tr ly kho st, ly mu c th hin trong bn
v tr ly mu
Cc ch tiu phn tch: Nhit , m, vn tc gi, hng gi, ting n, nng bi l lng, cc ch tiu kh thi CO,
NO2 v SO2
64
Cc thit b s dng: B o vi kh hu ti hin trng, B

ly mu bi bng giy lc, b ly mu kh bng dung dch hp
th (Desaga), my Quang ph UV-VIS, v cc thit b phn
tch trong phng th nghim.
Cc kt qu kho st, o c, phn tch c th hin trong
cc bng kt qu sau:
Bng 16: Kt qu phn tch cc ch tiu mi trng
khng kh
TT
V tr im ly mu
Ch tiu phn tch (mg/m3)

Bi l
CO
NO2
SO2
lng (TSP)
0,37
7,85
0,007 0,031
im u tuyn (G) o
c huyn Bnh Xuyn
2 Cu Hng Canh ti TT Hng
0,36
10,26 0,010 0,026
Canh Bnh Xuyn
3 Khu vc thn Kim Trng - o
0,35
6,57
0,005 0,013
c
4 Khu vc nh my ng thp
0,33
12,57 0,130 0,075
Vit c - o c
5 Khu vc Cu Tin Chu
0,39
9,79
0,008 0,018
6 Khu vc thn Rau x Tin
0,24
5,47
0,003 0,007
Chu Phc Yn
Tiu chun Vit Nam
0,3
40
0,4
0,5
(TCVN 5937 1995, trung bnh
1h)
Ghi ch: TCVN: 5937 - 1995: Tiu chun cht lng khng kh xung
quanh
Bng 17: Kt qu phn tch cc ch tiu mi trng khng

kh
TT
V tr im ly mu
Bi l
CO
NO2
SO2
lng (TSP)
1 Khu vc thn Ph Th
0,18
6,45 0,020 0,005
Tin Chu
2 Khu vc i Thanh Tc
0,13
5,62 0,008 0,002
Thanh Lm
3 Khu vc i 79 ma xun
0,17
4,01 0,006 0,001
Thanh Lm
4 Khu vc thn Thng L 0,22
5,05 0,007 0,003
i Thnh
5 Khu vc thn Liu Tr 0,14
5,52 0,008 0,001
65
M Linh
6 Cu Liu Tr - M Linh
Tiu chun Vit Nam
(TCVN 5937 1995, trung
bnh 1h)
Ghi ch:
quanh
0,16
0,3
6,03
40
0,010
0,4
0,006
0,5
TCVN: 5937 - 1995: Tiu chun cht lng khng kh xung
Bng 18: Kt qu phn tch cc ch tiu mi trng

khng kh
TT
V tr im ly mu
Bi l
CO
NO2
SO2
lng (TSP)
1 Khu vc Cu Tam Bo
0,15
7,52 0,035 0,012
Tam ng
2 Khu vc n Hai B Trng
0,26
6,03 0,010 0,006
Vn Kh
3 Cu m V - Tin Phong
0,28
7,86 0,058 0,009
4 Khu vc vn hoa x Tin
0,27
5,8
0,042 0,007
Phong
5 Ch Hoa x Tin Phong
0,25
6,8
0,045 0,006
6 im cui tuyn ti im
0,31
9,57 0,078 0,012
A1 (ng Bc Thng
Long)
Tiu chun Vit Nam
0,3
40
0,4
0,5
(TCVN 5937 1995, trung
bnh 1h)
Ghi ch:
quanh
TCVN: 5937 - 1995: Tiu chun cht lng khng kh xung
Nhn xt, nh gi cc kt qu phn tch hin trng mi tr ng khng kh khu vc d n:

Nhn chung cht lng mi trng khng kh ti cc im
ly mu, phn tch u t tiu chun cho php theo Tiu
chun Vit Nam v cht lng khng kh xung quanh (TCVN
5937 -1995, trung bnh 1 gi). Mt s im ly mu phn
tch c nng bi l lng cao tp trung ch yu cc im
nt giao thng ni c mt xe tham gia giao thng qua li
nhiu.
66
nh gi chung: Cht lng mi trng khng kh khu vc d

n v dc theo hng tuyn ng cn tt, cha c du hiu
nhim do cc hot ng pht trin kinh t x hi do hin nay
ton b khu vc ny ch yu vn l cc hot ng nng
nghip, mc nhim l khng ng k.
3.3.2. Kt qu phn tch cht lng ting n khu vc d
n:
Tng s im kho st, ly mu, phn tch: 18 im
Cc im kho st, o phn tch ting n c th hin trn
s v tr kho st, o phn tch trng vi cc im ly
mu phn tch cht lng khng kh:
Thit b s dng: Thit b o ting n theo di tn TESTO 810
v TESTO 815
Thi gian ly mu v phn tch t ngy 15/8/2006 n ngy
30/8/2006
Cc kt qu kho st, o ting n c th hin trong bng
sau:
Bng 19: kt qu kho st, o phn tch ting n:
TCVN
V tr im o, phn tch
Kt qu o
TT
5949 ting n
(dBA)
1998
1 im u tuyn (G) o c
75
75
huyn Bnh Xuyn
2 Cu Hng Canh ti TT Hng
77
75
Canh Bnh Xuyn
3 Khu vc thn Kim Trng - o c
56
75
4 Khu vc nh my ng thp Vit
72
75
c - o c
5 Khu vc Cu Tin Chu
70
75
6 Khu vc thn Rau x Tin Chu
57
75
Phc Yn
7 Khu vc thn Ph Th Tin
55
75
Chu
8 Khu vc i Thanh Tc Thanh
55
75
Lm
9 Khu vc i 79 ma xun
56
75
Thanh Lm
10 Khu vc thn Thng L - i
57
75
Thnh
11 Khu vc thn Liu Tr - M Linh
57
75
67
12 Cu Liu Tr - M Linh
13 Khu vc Cu Tam Bo Tam
ng
14 Khu vc n Hai B Trng Vn
Kh
15 Cu m V - Tin Phong
16 Khu vc vn hoa x Tin Phong
17 Ch Hoa x Tin Phong
18 im cui tuyn ti im A1
(ng Bc Thng Long)
64
67
75
75
50
75
68
64
64
76
75
75
75
75
Ghi ch: TCVN: 5949 - 1998: Tiu chun ting n khu vc

Khu dn c xen k trong khu vc thng mi, dch v, sn xut.
Mc n ti a cho php trung bnh t 6 gi n 18 gi.
Nhn xt nh gi kt qu o phn tch ting n:
Hu ht cc im o, phn tch ting n u cho kt
qu t Tiu chun cho php theo Tiu chun Vit Nam (TCVN
5949 1998, thi gian t 6 gi n 18 gi). Cc im c
ting n ln tp trung ch yu cc nt giao thng ni c mt
phng tin tham gia giao thng ln. Ti cu Hng Canh v
v tr cui hng tuyn (G) tip gip ng Bc Thng Long
Ni Bi c ting n vt tiu chun cho php t 1 n 2dBA.
Cc im c ting n thp tp trung ch yu cc khu vc
nng thn, cc hot ng ch yu l sn xut nng nghip,
mt phng tin tham gia giao thng t.
3.3.3. Cht lng mi trng nc mt khu vc d n
Tng s mu ly phn tch: 8 mu x 2 t = 16 mu
Cc v tr ly kho st, ly mu c th hin trong bn
v tr ly mu
Cc ch tiu phn tch: 22 ch tiu
Cc thit b s dng: B ly mu nc mt v bo qun mu
ti hin trng v vn chuyn v phng th nghim, my
quang ph UV-VIS, my sc k ion, my cc ph AMEL v cc
thit b phn tch trong phng th nghim.
Cc kt qu kho st, o c, phn tch c th hin
trong cc bng kt qu sau:
t 1:
68
T ngy 15 thng 8 n ngy 17 thng 8 nm 2006

Bng 20: Kt qu phn tch cc ch tiu mi trng nc mt
MN1.1: Nc sng C L ti cu Hng Canh th trn Hng
Canh (khu vc im u tuyn A)
MN2.1: Nc sng C L ti thn Kim Trng x o c
MN3.1: Nc mt sng h thng sng Tam Bo ti khu vc
i Thanh Tc x Thanh Lm
STT
Ch tiu phn
tch
Kt qu
TCVN 5942 - 1995
n
v
NM1.1
NM2.1
7,19
7,25
6,8
NM3.1
Mc
A
Mc B
pH
6 - 8,5 5,5 - 9
Nhu cu xy
sinh ho (BOD5)
mg/l
21,5
16,8
22,5
Nhu cu xy
ho hc (COD)
mg/l
30,0
25,6
31,2
xy ho tan
(DO)
mg/l
6,8
7,1
6,6
Tng cht rn
l lng (TSS)
mg/l
66,1
60,5
20,5
20
80
Arsenic (As)
mg/l
0,003
0,002
0,004
0,05
0,1
Barium (Ba)
mg/l
0,10
0,15
0,21
Cadmium (Cd)
mg/l
2.10-3
3.10-3
2,5.10-3
Ch (Pb)
mg/l
0,009
0,005
10
Crm VI (Cr6+)
mg/l
0,008
11
Crm III (Cr3+)
mg/l
12
ng (Cu)
13
<4
<10
2
10.10-
< 25
< 35
2
20.10-3
0,003
0,05
0,1
0,01
0,005
0,05
0,05
0,02
0,06
0,009
0,1
mg/l
0,003
0,001
0,005
0,1
Km (Zn)
mg/l
0,023
0,047
0,062
14
Manganes (Mn)
mg/l
0,046
0,050
0,086
0,1
0,8
15
Nikel (Ni)
mg/l
0,008
0,006
0,007
0,1
16
St (Fe)
mg/l
0,41
0,48
0,26
69
17
Thu ngn (Hg)
mg/l
0,04.1
0-3
0,06.1
0-3
0,03.10
18
mg/l
0,008
0,005
0,010
20
Thic (Sn)
Amoniac (NH3,
tnh theo N)
Florua (F-)
mg/l
0,06
0,04
0,09
0,06
0,03
0,08
0,05
1
1,5
21
Nitrat (NO3-)
mg/l
4,85
4,78
3,95
10
15
MPN/
100m
l
4500
5000
3000
5.000
10.00
0
19
22
Tng Coliform
mg/l
10-3
-3
2.10-3
2
1
Ghi ch: TCVN 5942 -1995: Tiu chun cho php i vi cht lng nc
mt
Bng 21: Kt qu phn tch cc ch tiu mi trng nc

mt
MN4.1: Nc sng Tam Bo ti cu Tam Bo x Thanh Lm
MN5.1: Nc mt khu vc i 79 ma Xun x Thanh Lm
MN6.1: Nc sng C L ti Cu Thng L
STT
Ch tiu phn
tch
n
v
Kt qu
TCVN 5942 - 1995
NM4.1
NM5.1
NM6.1
Mc A
Mc B
7,05
7,21
6,79
6 - 8,5
5,5 - 9
15,4
<4
< 25
22,7
<10
< 35
pH
Nhu cu xy sinh
ho (BOD5)
mg/l
16,3
Nhu cu xy ho
hc (COD)
mg/l
24,8
xy ho tan
(DO)
mg/l
7,3
Tng cht rn
l lng (TSS)
mg/l
16,8
35,9
55,9
20
80
Arsenic (As)
mg/l
0,002
0,001
0,004
0,05
0,1
Barium (Ba)
mg/l
0,32
0,18
0,28
Cadmium (Cd)
mg/l
1.10-3
0,6.10-3
0,9.10-3
10.10-3
20.10-3
Ch (Pb)
mg/l
0,002
0,004
0,007
0,05
0,1
10
Crm VI (Cr6+)
mg/l
0,006
0,008
0,012
0,05
0,05
11
Crm III (Cr3+)
mg/l
0,012
0,02
0,08
0,1
23,8
34,1
6,1
7,3
70
12
ng (Cu)
mg/l
0,003
0,01
0,004
0,1
13
Km (Zn)
mg/l
0,056
0,085
0,067
14
Manganes (Mn)
mg/l
0,091
0,12
0,085
0,1
0,8
15
Nikel (Ni)
mg/l
0,005
0,01
0,008
0,1
16
St (Fe)
mg/l
0,43
0,78
0,38
0,02.10
0,01.10
0,05.10-
10-3
17
Thu ngn (Hg)
mg/l
18
Thic (Sn)
mg/l
0,006
0,004
0,006
19
Amoniac (NH3,
tnh theo N)
mg/l
0,09
0,03
0,05
0,05
20
Florua (F-)
mg/l
0,07
0,05
0,08
1,5
21
Nitrat (NO3-)
mg/l
6,87
5,84
5,12
10
15
22
Tng Coliform
MPN/
100ml
6000
5300
4200
5.000
10.000
-3
-3
2.10-3
mt

mt
MN7.1: Nc m V ti cu m V - x Tin Phong
MN8.1: Nc m Vn Tr - x Nam Hng - ng Anh H Ni
(im cui tuyn G)
STT
Ch tiu phn
tch
Kt qu
TCVN 5942 - 1995
n
v
NM7.1
NM8.1
Mc
A
Mc B
7,06
6,57
6 - 8,5
5,5 - 9
pH
Nhu cu xy sinh
ho (BOD5)
mg/l
19,7
23,6
<4
< 25
Nhu cu xy ho
hc (COD)
mg/l
29,6
34,4
<10
< 35
xy ho tan
(DO)
mg/l
7,1
7,0
Tng cht rn
l lng (TSS)
mg/l
24,2
38,6
20
2
80
71
Arsenic (As)
mg/l
0,002
0,007
0,05
0,1
Barium (Ba)
mg/l
0,5
0,08
Cadmium (Cd)
mg/l
3,28.10-3
4,2.10-3
10.10-3
20.10-3
Ch (Pb)
mg/l
0,008
0,006
0,05
0,1
10
Crm VI (Cr6+)
mg/l
0,01
0,006
0,05
0,05
11
Crm III (Cr3+)
mg/l
0,06
0,02
0,1
12
ng (Cu)
mg/l
0,017
0,032
0,1
13
Km (Zn)
mg/l
0,53
0,41
14
Manganes (Mn)
mg/l
0,057
0,037
0,1
0,8
15
Nikel (Ni)
mg/l
0,014
0,011
0,1
16
St (Fe)
mg/l
0,91
0,65
17
Thu ngn (Hg)
mg/l
10-3
2.10-3
18
Thic (Sn)
mg/l
0,21
0,37
19
Amoniac (NH3,
tnh theo N)
mg/l
0,031
0,064
0,05
20
Florua (F-)
mg/l
0,064
0,014
1,5
21
Nitrat (NO3-)
mg/l
5,61
4,86
10
15
22
Tng Coliform
MPN/
100ml
5600
5700
5.000
10.000
0,06.10-3 0,02.10-3
mt
t 2:
Bng 23: Kkt qu phn tch cc ch tiu mi trng nc
mt
MN2.1: Nc sng C L ti Cu Hng Canh th trn Hng Canh
(khu vc im u tuyn A)
MN2.2: Nc Sng C L ti thn Kim Trng x o c
MN3.2: Nc mt sng h thng sng Tam Bo ti khu vc i
Thanh Tc x Thanh Lm
72
STT
Ch tiu phn
tch
n
v
Kt qu
TCVN 5942 - 1995
NM2.1
NM2.2
NM3.2
Mc A
Mc B
7,06
7,32
6,93
6 - 8,5
5,5 - 9
<4
< 25
pH
Nhu cu xy sinh
ho (BOD5)
mg/l
22,3
16,1
19,7
Nhu cu xy ho
hc (COD)
mg/l
31,8
24,7
26,4
xy ho tan
(DO)
mg/l
6,5
7,3
6,9
Tng cht rn
l lng (TSS)
mg/l
67,2
62,8
23,6
20
80
Arsenic (As)
mg/l
0,002
0,003
0,002
0,05
0,1
Barium (Ba)
mg/l
0,17
0,19
0,26
Cadmium (Cd)
mg/l
3.10-3
1.10-3
1.10-3
10.10-3
20.10-3
Ch (Pb)
mg/l
0,006
0,003
0,004
0,05
0,1
10
Crm VI (Cr6+)
mg/l
0,01
0,006
0,007
0,05
0,05
11
Crm III (Cr3+)
mg/l
0,04
0,02
0,02
0,1
12
ng (Cu)
mg/l
0,005
0,003
0,008
0,1
13
Km (Zn)
mg/l
0,034
0,052
0,076
14
Manganes (Mn)
mg/l
0,051
0,042
0,093
0,1
0,8
15
Nikel (Ni)
mg/l
0,006
0,003
0,004
0,1
16
St (Fe)
mg/l
0,53
0,59
0,42
17
Thu ngn (Hg)
mg/l
0,02.10
0,04.10
0,01.10-
10-3
-3
-3
18
Thic (Sn)
mg/l
0,004
0,008
0,023
19
Amoniac (NH3,
tnh theo N)
mg/l
0,07
0,06
0,08
0,05
20
Florua (F-)
mg/l
0,06
0,08
0,05
1,5
21
Nitrat (NO3-)
mg/l
5,21
4,86
4,51
10
15
22
Tng Coliform
MPN/
100ml
4700
4600
4000
5.000
10.000
<10
< 35
2.10-3
mt
73

mt
MN4.2: Nc sng Tam Bo ti cu Tam Bo x Thanh Lm
MN5.2: Nc mt khu vc i 79 ma Xun x Thanh Lm
MN6.2: Nc sng C L ti Cu Thng L
STT
Ch tiu phn
tch
n
v
Kt qu
TCVN 5942 - 1995
NM4.2
NM5.2
NM6.2
Mc A
Mc B
6,85
7,17
6,87
6 - 8,5
5,5 - 9
20,9
16,5
<4
< 25
pH
Nhu cu xy sinh
ho (BOD5)
mg/l
17,8
Nhu cu xy ho
hc (COD)
mg/l
26,3
xy ho tan
(DO)
mg/l
7,0
Tng cht rn
l lng (TSS)
mg/l
17,6
31,4
56,7
20
80
Arsenic (As)
mg/l
0,003
0,003
0,002
0,05
0,1
Barium (Ba)
mg/l
0,26
0,11
0,21
Cadmium (Cd)
mg/l
0,6.10-3
0,4.10-3
0,6.10-3
10.10-3
20.10-3
Ch (Pb)
mg/l
0,004
0,006
0,007
0,05
0,1
10
Crm VI (Cr6+)
mg/l
0,003
0,004
0,011
0,05
0,05
11
Crm III (Cr3+)
mg/l
0,01
0,09
0,08
0,1
12
ng (Cu)
mg/l
0,005
0,03
0,004
0,1
13
Km (Zn)
mg/l
0,062
0,076
0,072
14
Manganes (Mn)
mg/l
0,086
0,19
0,097
0,1
0,8
15
Nikel (Ni)
mg/l
0,004
0,009
0,004
0,1
16
St (Fe)
mg/l
0,48
0,67
0,42
17
Thu ngn (Hg)
mg/l
0,07.10
0,02.10
0,03.10-
10-3
18
Thic (Sn)
mg/l
0,004
0,005
0,007
19
Amoniac (NH3,
tnh theo N)
mg/l
0,08
0,02
0,06
0,05
20
Florua (F-)
mg/l
0,05
0,06
0,09
1,5
21
Nitrat (NO3-)
mg/l
7,31
5,97
5,83
10
15
-3
29,7
6,7
-3
24,6
7,3
<10
2
< 35
2
2.10-3
74
22
Tng Coliform
MPN/
100ml
5600
5900
4800
5.000
10.000
mt

mt
MN7.2: Nc m V ti cu m V - x Tin Phong
MN8.2: Nc m Vn Tr - x Nam Hng - ng Anh H Ni (im
cui tuyn G)
STT
Ch tiu phn
tch
Kt qu
TCVN 5942 - 1995
n
v
NM7.2
NM8.2
Mc
A
Mc B
6,89
6,42
6 - 8,5
5,5 - 9
pH
Nhu cu xy sinh
ho (BOD5)
mg/l
20,6
21,4
<4
< 25
Nhu cu xy ho
hc (COD)
mg/l
30,5
29,4
<10
< 35
xy ho tan
(DO)
mg/l
6,9
7,2
Tng cht rn
l lng (TSS)
mg/l
26,3
40,9
20
80
Arsenic (As)
mg/l
0,003
0,005
0,05
0,1
Barium (Ba)
mg/l
0,3
0,05
Cadmium (Cd)
mg/l
2,6.10-3
2,9.10-3
10.10-3
20.10-3
Ch (Pb)
mg/l
0,005
0,007
0,05
0,1
10
Crm VI (Cr6+)
mg/l
0,006
0,002
0,05
0,05
11
Crm III (Cr3+)
mg/l
0,021
0,007
0,1
12
ng (Cu)
mg/l
0,014
0,027
0,1
13
Km (Zn)
mg/l
0,45
0,28
14
Manganes (Mn)
mg/l
0,061
0,048
0,1
0,8
15
Nikel (Ni)
mg/l
0,009
0,009
0,1
16
St (Fe)
mg/l
0,1
0,87
17
Thu ngn (Hg)
mg/l
10-3
2.10-3
0,03.10-3 0,04.10-3
75
18
Thic (Sn)
mg/l
0,29
0,25
19
Amoniac (NH3,
tnh theo N)
mg/l
0,035
0,076
0,05
20
Florua (F-)
mg/l
0,057
0,032
1,5
21
Nitrat (NO3-)
mg/l
5,89
4,23
10
15
22
Tng Coliform
MPN/
100ml
6100
5300
5.000
10.000
mt
Nhn xt, nh gi cht lng nc mt khu vc thc hin d n:

Nhn chung cht lng nc mt ti cc v tr ly mu phn
tch cn tt, hu ht cc ch tiu phn tch u cho kt qu
t tiu chun cho php theo Tiu chun Vit Nam v cht lng
nc mt (TCVN 5942 - 1995). Mt s im c nng cc cht
nhim cao xp x Tiu chun cho php tp trung khu vc
Cu Hng Canh, Cu Tin Chu v khu vc m V, nguyn
nhn do ti cc khu vc ny c tip nhn nc thi t cc hot
ng pht trin cng nghip, th nh nc thi ca khu cng
nghip Bnh Xuyn vo lu vc sng C L ti khu vc Cu
Hng Canh, nc thi sinh hot khu dn c vo khu vc cu
Tin Chu, cu m V lm cho mt s ch tiu phn tch c
nng cao xp x hoc vt Tiu chun cho php.
3.3.4. Cht lng mi trng t khu vc d n:
Cc im ly mu phn tch mt s ch tiu ca t ti cc x
M Linh,Vn Kh y l hai x c din tch trng rau v hoa ln
ca huyn M Linh t ngy 15 thng 8 n ngy 30 thng 8
nm 2006, cc kt qu phn tch nh sau:
Bng 26: Kt qu phn tch mu t x M Linh
TT
Kt qu phn tch
76
V tr ly
1
2
3
4
5
6
mu
Rung rau
Rung rau
Rung hoa
Rung hoa
Rung hoa
Rung hoa
pH
m
(%)
6.5
6.3
7.2
7.0
6.7
6.7
55
52
57
63
55
57
Tng N
(mg/g
t)
8,05
10,1
10,0
14,2
12,3
11,8
Tng K
(mg/g
t)
7,05
8,1
15,0
9,2
10,3
9,8
Tng P
(mg/g t)
8,08
10,5
10,0
14,1
12,3
11,5
Bng 27: Kt qu phn tch mu t x Vn Kh

TT
1
2
3
4
V tr ly
mu
Rung
Rung
Rung
Rung
rau
rau
rau
hoa
pH
6.7
7.3
7.2
6,9
Kt qu phn tch
Tng N
Tng K
m
(mg/g
(mg/g
(%)
t)
t)
60
10,05
9,6
57
12,1
9,11
57
10,0
14,0
61
11,2
9,2
Tng P
(mg/g t)
10,05
12,7
10,07
11,2
3.3.5. Cht lng mi trng nc ngm khu vc d n

Tng s mu ly phn tch: 6 mu x 2 t = 12 mu
Cc v tr ly kho st, ly mu c th hin trong bn v
tr ly mu
Cc ch tiu phn tch: 20 ch tiu
Cc thit b s dng: B ly mu nc ngm, bo qun mu ti
hin trng v vn chuyn v phng th nghim, my quang
ph UV-VIS, my sc k ion, my cc ph AMEL v cc thit
b phn tch trong phng th nghim.
Cc kt qu kho st, o c, phn tch c th hin trong
cc bng kt qu sau:
t 1:
ngm
NN1.1: Nc ngm h dn khu vc u tuyn A (ti x o c)
77
NN2.1: Nc ngm h dn khu vc d kin xy cu Tin Chu

th x Phc Yn
NN3.1: Nc ngm h dn khu vc d kin xy cu Thng L
x i Thnh
STT
Ch tiu phn
tch
Kt qu
n
v
NN1.1
NN2.1
NN3.1
7,01
6,83
6,95
6,5 - 8,5
5 - 50
TCVN 5944 - 1995
pH
Mu
Pt-Co
4,5
2,6
4,6
cng (tnh
theo CaCO3)
mg/l
40,5
120,6
80,9
Tng cht rn
ho tan (TDS)
mg/l
159,5
269,6
280,7
Arsenic (As)
mg/l
1.10-3
0,8.10-3
0,7.10-3
0,05
Cadmium (Cd)
mg/l
0,8.10-3
0,4.10-3
0,5.10-3
0,01
Clorua (Cl-)
mg/l
46,7
76,3
116,7
200 n 600
Ch (Pb)
mg/l
1.10-3
0,8.10-3
0,7.10-3
0,05
Crom VI (Cr6+)
mg/l
0,001
0,004
0,002
0,05
10
Cyanua (CN-)
mg/l
0,5.10-3
0,8.10-3
0,2.10-3
0,01
11
ng (Cu)
mg/l
0,02
0,08
0,16
1,0
12
Florua (F-)
mg/l
0,05
0,03
0,06
1,0
13
Km (Zn)
mg/l
0,21
0,08
0,32
5,0
14
Manganes (Mn)
mg/l
0,069
0,038
0,086
0,1 n 0,5
15
Nitrat (NO3-)
mg/l
5,86
6,07
4,25
45
16
St (Fe)
mg/l
0,087
0,095
0,12
1 n 5
17
Sunfat (SO42-)
mg/l
56,8
60,9
68,7
200 n 400
18
Thu ngn (Hg)
mg/l
0,03.10
0,05.10
0,06.10-
0,001
19
Fecal Coli
MPN/
100ml
Khng
Khng
Khng
Khng
20
Tng Coliform
MPN/
100ml
-3
-3
300 n 500
750 n 1500
Ghi ch: TCVN 5944 -1995 : Tiu chun cho php i vi cht lng nc
ngm
78

ngm
NN4.1: Nc ngm h dn khu vc d kin xy cu Tam Bo x
Thanh Lm
NN5.1: Nc ngm h dn khu vc d kin xy cu m V - x
Tin Phong
NN6.1: Nc ngm h dn khu vc cui hng tuyn G (x Tin
Phong)
STT
Ch tiu phn
tch
Kt qu
n
v
NN4.1
NN5.1
NN6.1
6,72
6,81
7,23
6,5 - 8,5
5 - 50
TCVN 5944 - 1995
pH
Mu
Pt-Co
2,8
3,5
1,4
cng (tnh
theo CaCO3)
mg/l
134,6
82,4
60,7
Tng cht rn
ho tan (TDS)
mg/l
302,6
268,5
310,5
Arsenic (As)
mg/l
2.10-3
3.10-3
0,5.10-3
0,05
Cadmium (Cd)
mg/l
0,5.10-3
0,6.10-3
1.10-3
0,01
Clorua (Cl-)
mg/l
59,6
65,9
80,1
200 n 600
Ch (Pb)
mg/l
1,2.10-3
0,9.10-3
0,8.10-3
0,05
Crom VI (Cr6+)
mg/l
0,007
0,003
0,006
0,05
10
Cyanua (CN-)
mg/l
0,1.10-3
0,06.10
0,08.10-
0,01
11
ng (Cu)
mg/l
0,006
0,014
0,008
1,0
12
Florua (F-)
mg/l
0,01
0,02
0,06
1,0
13
Km (Zn)
mg/l
0,17
0,28
0,09
5,0
14
Manganes (Mn)
mg/l
0,062
0,11
0,024
0,1 n 0,5
15
Nitrat (NO3-)
mg/l
7,98
5,68
9,82
45
16
St (Fe)
mg/l
0,17
0,23
0,34
1 n 5
17
Sunfat (SO42-)
mg/l
90,8
104,2
157,6
200 n 400
18
Thu ngn (Hg)
mg/l
0,1.10-3
0,03.10
0,04.10-
0,001
-3
-3
300 n 500
750 n 1500
79
19
Fecal Coli
MPN/
100ml
Khng
Khng
20
Tng Coliform
MPN/
100ml
Khng
Khng
2
Khng
ngm
t 2:
ngm
NN1.2: Nc ngm h dn khu vc u tuyn A (ti x o c)
NN2.2: Nc ngm h dn khu vc d kin xy cu Tin Chu
th x Phc Yn
NN3.2: Nc ngm h dn khu vc d kin xy cu Thng L
x i Thnh
STT
Ch tiu phn
tch
Kt qu
n
v
NN1.2
NN2.2
NN3.2
7,28
7,09
6,57
6,5 - 8,5
TCVN 5944 - 1995
pH
Mu
Pt-Co
2,7
3,1
1,2
5 - 50
cng (tnh
theo CaCO3)
mg/l
183,7
23,3
15,4
300 n 500
Tng cht rn
ho tan (TDS)
mg/l
370,2
187,1
219,4
750 n 1500
Arsenic (As)
mg/l
4.10-3
0,8.10-3
0,6.10-3
0,05
Cadmium (Cd)
mg/l
0,8.10-3
0,5.10-3
0,4.10-3
0,01
Clorua (Cl-)
mg/l
47,8
62,1
87,5
200 n 600
Ch (Pb)
mg/l
1.10-3
0,4.10-3
0,3.10-3
0,05
Crom VI (Cr6+)
mg/l
0,007
0,01
0,005
0,05
10
Cyanua (CN-)
mg/l
0,01.10
0,1.10-3
0,02.10-
0,01
11
ng (Cu)
mg/l
0,05
0,02
0,04
1,0
12
Florua (F-)
mg/l
0,01
0,03
0,07
1,0
-3
80
13
Km (Zn)
mg/l
0,58
0,32
0,23
5,0
14
Manganes (Mn)
mg/l
0,049
0,089
0,013
0,1 n 0,5
15
Nitrat (NO3-)
mg/l
8,65
6,85
4,21
45
16
St (Fe)
mg/l
0,097
0,59
0,082
1 n 5
17
Sunfat (SO42-)
mg/l
160,8
40,5
90,6
200 n 400
0,06.10
0,01.10
0,02.10-
0,001
18
Thu ngn (Hg)
mg/l
19
Fecal Coli
MPN/
100ml
Khng
Khng
Khng
Khng
20
Tng Coliform
MPN/
100ml
-3
-3
ngm

ngm
NN4.2: Nc ngm h dn khu vc d kin xy cu Tam Bo x
Thanh Lm
NN5.2: Nc ngm h dn khu vc d kin xy cu m V - x
Tin Phong
NN6.2: Nc ngm h dn khu vc cui hng tuyn G (x Tin
Phong)
STT
Ch tiu phn
tch
Kt qu
NN5.2
NN6.2
n
v
NN4.1
6,56
6,89
7,24
6,5 - 8,5
TCVN 5944 - 1995
pH
Mu
Pt-Co
4,3
2,7
1,8
5 - 50
cng (tnh
theo CaCO3)
mg/l
46,1
73,8
30,7
300 n 500
Tng cht rn
ho tan (TDS)
mg/l
191,2
224,3
170,3
750 n 1500
Arsenic (As)
mg/l
3.10-3
2.10-3
0,8.10-3
0,05
Cadmium (Cd)
mg/l
0,9.10-3
0,4.10-3
1.10-3
0,01
Clorua (Cl-)
mg/l
89,2
57,9
67,5
200 n 600
81
Ch (Pb)
mg/l
1,1.10-3
0,7.10-3
0,6.10-3
0,05
Crom VI (Cr6+)
mg/l
0,018
0,006
0,004
0,05
10
Cyanua (CN-)
mg/l
0,8.10-3
0,6.10-3
0,3.10-3
0,01
11
ng (Cu)
mg/l
0,008
0,005
0,004
1,0
12
Florua (F-)
mg/l
0,01
0,009
0,005
1,0
13
Km (Zn)
mg/l
0,28
0,14
0,47
5,0
14
Manganes (Mn)
mg/l
0,086
0,075
0,036
0,1 n 0,5
15
Nitrat (NO3-)
mg/l
9,89
6,23
7,92
45
16
St (Fe)
mg/l
0,54
0,098
0,14
1 n 5
17
Sunfat (SO42-)
mg/l
83,2
67,9
60,8
200 n 400
0,04.10
0,03.10
0,07.10-
0,001
-3
-3
18
Thu ngn (Hg)
mg/l
MPN/
Khng
Khng
Khng
Khng
100ml
MPN/
20 Tng Coliform
2
2
1
3
100ml
ngm
19
Fecal Coli
Nhn xt, nh gi cht lng nc ngm khu vc thc hin d

n:
Nhn chung cht lng nc ngm khu vc cn tt, hu ht cc
ch tiu phn tch cho kt qu di Tiu chun cho php theo
Tiu chun Vit Nam TCVN 5944 1995 v cht lng nc ngm.
82
83
Chng IV
D bo, nh gi tc ng mi trng ca d n
Nhn chung, cc tc ng n mi trng ca d n l do cc hot ng
trong sut qu trnh trin khai d n gy nn. Qu trnh trin khai d n c
chia thnh ba giai on chnh gm:
Giai on tin xy dng
Giai on xy dng v
Giai on vn hnh, khai thc
Cc tc ng ca d n trong tng giai on ca ba giai giai on k trn
rt khc nhau. Phn ln cc tc ng ng k s xy ra trong giai on xy dng,
tuy nhin y l nhng tc ng din ra trong thi gian ngn. Thng thng, cc
tc ng trong giai on xy dng c th c gim nh nu c cc bin php
gim thiu hp l. Cc tc ng tim tng trong giai on tin xy dng ca d
n ch yu l tc ng n x hi gy ra do vic chim dng t, v cc vn di
di, ti nh c. Cc tc ng gy ra trong giai on vn hnh thng khng
nghim trng nhng thi gian tc ng lu di.
4.1. Tc ng ca d n trong giai on tin xy dng
y l tuyn ng xy dng mi theo qui hoch ng khu
th, c mt ct ngang ln. Do xy dng tuyn ng ny phi gii phng mt bng, khi lng nh sau:
Bng 32: Tm tt khi lng v kinh ph n b GPMB
TT
1
Ni dung
n v
n gi
Thnh tin
(ng)
(ng)
763.
991
29.
717
81.
657
25.
000,0
1.500.
000,0
200.
000,0
26.
376
628.
503
900.
000,0
2.
200,0
80.006.6
75.000
19.099.77
5.000
44.575.50
0.000
16.331.40
0.000
27.508.8
99.600
23.738.40
0.000
1.382.706
.600
430.
027
4.
000,0
1.720.108
.000
n b v t
1.1
n b thit hi v t nng
nghip
m2
1.3
n b thit hi v t th c
m2
1.4
t giao thng, t ngha

a
m2
Din
tch
n b v ti sn trn t
2.1
Cng trnh nh C4
m2
2.2
La
m2
2.3
Cy trng (tnh c 40,17ha

t ngoi ch gii)
m2
84

m2
133.
537
5.
000,0
H tr chuyn ngh
210000/ngi
4
4
1.260.000
,0
Cc khon h tr khc
m2
4.1
Thng tin GPMB t NN
m2
763.
991
4.2
Thng tin GPMB t
44
2.
000,0
2.000.000
,0
Chi ph phc v cng tc

GPMB
(1+2+3+4)*
2%
2.6
Thu sn
Chi ph h tr
3.1
4
Tng chi ph GPMB (1+2+3+4+5)
667.685
.000
55.440.0
00
55.440.0
00
1.615.982.
000
1.527.982
.000
88.000.00
0
2.183.739.
932
111.370.736.
532
Bng 33 : Thng k gii phng mt bng

bng t h ng k gii phng mt bng
tt
Tn x
t rung
(m2)
t in phong
230956
11980
4320
244
4320
14166
m l inh
333714
10608
13901
4943
24
1616
122
205
7525
i t hnh
539844
297594.77
54776
13372.33
550
718
5930
v n kh
215893
604
2136.33
1655
t am ng
92657.25
37908
170.587
143
t hanh l m
125748
13979
2934
235
379
t in t hng
90831
4930
3312
2814.33
13286
1434
t in c hu
148755.75
842
1959
15918
3294
o c
96657.75
8151
1157
6279.33
10
740
1875057
385993
82962
29716
44
31370
1084
440
25419
14166
t ng c ng
Ao, m M ng, sng t thc

(m2)
(m2)
(m2)
Nh C4
(h)
Ngh
a trang Hng ro R nh xy ng
(m2)
(m)
(m)
(m2)
B i san nn
(m2)
244,61ha
4.1.1. Tc ng ti thu nhp ca cc h gia nh b thu hi t k c t th

c v t ginh cho sn xut
Mc tiu ca d n l hn ch ti a vic xm phm vo t th c v cc
cng trnh di tch lch s vn ho. D n s chim dng t nng nghip v t
mt nc nh vy nhiu h nng dn s mt rung hoc ao h ginh cho sn xut
nng nghip. C ngha l h s mt i vnh vin t canh tc v nui trng
thy sn ng ngha vi vic h s mt i ngnh ngh sn xut truyn thng v
thu nhp ca h s b nh hng nghim trng. c bit i vi cc h lm
ngh kinh doanh bun bn trn t th c khi b di chuyn ch th vic tm
kim mt ni mi ph hp vi cng vic kinh doanh l rt kh khn mc thu
nhp trong thi gian ny s hu nh khng c. Cc h phi di chuyn s gp
nhiu kh khn trong giai on u, phi chi ph cho vic xy dng li nh ca,
phi lm quen vi ni mi. Vi cc h ang kinh doanh bun bn trn t
th c th h s phi tm kim v tr t mi cho ph hp vi ngh kinh doanh,
v cng c th phi i mt vi vic tm kim mt ngh mi cho ph hp vi
ni mi. Nhn chung i sng sinh hot ca cc h phi di chuyn s b xo
85
trn, tm l hoang mang, mc thu nhp trong thi gian ny s b gim st, thm
ch s mt ngun thu nhp vv. Tuy nhin nhng tc ng ny s c gim nh
khi c s quan tm ca cng ng v cc cp chnh quyn to iu kin cho cc
h phi di chuyn c iu kin bt tay ngay vo vic tham gia sn xut v tm
kim mt ngnh ngh ph hp.
4.1.2. Tc ng ti k hoch s dng t v chin lc pht trin kinh t x
hi ca cc a phng
Xt trn phm vi chung th d n s em li nhiu li ch x hi. c bit
i vi chin lc pht trin kinh t th x v phm vi ton tnh. Tuy nhin xt
trong quy m nh ti cc x th d n c th cng mang li nhiu yu t tiu cc
nh:
- Ph v quy hoch s dng t ca a phng, chia ct a hnh lng, x.
Tuyn ng s l ranh gii chia ct cc cm dn c thn xm.
- Tc ng v ph v h thng thy li: C th ngn chn dng chy knh
mng v cc ao h ln, tho d cc trm bm ti tiu nc.
- Tuyn ng s tr thnh mt ranh gii cng ngn cn s giao lu gia
trng hc, trm x vi cc cm dn c .. vv nu khng c bin php phng
trnh.
Nhng yu t trn s ph v k hoch s dng t ca a phng v cng
l nhng tc ng gy nh hng ln ti iu kin pht trin kinh t x hi ca
cc x.
4.1.3. Tc ng ti yu t tm l ca ngi dn
Qu trnh gii phng mt bng ly li t cho d n xy dng tuyn ng
ng ngha vi vic di chuyn nh ca, ni th cng, di chuyn m m t tin,
hoc nhng tc ng lin quan xu ti cc cng trnh di tch lch s vn ho nh
nh, cha, ngha trang ... Nhng tc ng ny mang ngha tm linh s nh
hng mnh m ti tm l ca ngi dn. Qu trnh kho st tuyn cho thy s
lng ngha a, m m phn b kh nhiu trn tuyn. c bit khu vc Tin
phong, M linh, i thnh, Thanh lm, Tam ng, Tin thng
Tuy nhin, nhng tc ng ca qu trnh ny ti mi trng c th
xc nhn l khng ng k. Yu t tc ng quan trng l nhng vn mang
tnh x hi c phn tch v nh gi nh trn.
4.1.4. Tc ng ti a dng sinh hc v ti nguyn sinh vt
Trong giai on tin xy dng, cc hot ng xy dng ca d n vn cha
c trin khai, ch yu ch l hot ng di di v ti nh c cho dn. Nh
nu phn trn ch c mt s h dn s phi di di, khu vc ti nh c s khng
cn mt din tch ln. V th nhng tc ng n h sinh thi t nhin l khng
ng k.
86
4.2. Tc ng ca d n trong giai on xy dng

Cc hot ng ca d n trong giai on xy dng c th chia thnh 4
nhm:
Vn chuyn v tp kt vt liu xy dng nh ct, , si, t cc m

v ni khai thc vt liu,
o p v lm nn ng. Do c tnh ca ng cao trnh cc

s xm phm vo lng ng t hai bn ng. Tng lng t ct cung
cp cho vic p nn cho c tuyn ng s rt ln,
Cc hot ng ca phng tin, my mc thi cng trn cng trng.
Cc hot ng sinh hot ca cng nhn.

Vic thi cng tuyn ng v khai thc vt liu xy dng s lm ny sinh
nhiu tc ng nh hng ti cht lng mi trng khng kh. Hot ng khai
thc t c th gy nh hng cc b do ti nng bi, ting n, chn ng
ng cc hoc do n mn, ti khu vc khai thc. Mc nghim trng ca nhng
nh hng ny ph thuc vo a im v phng php khai thc. S c cc gii
php khai thc thch hp cho tng khu vc nhm gim thiu ti a tc ng tiu
cc n mi trng.
Qu trnh thi cng xy dng tuyn ng s s dng nhiu loi phng
tin giao thng siu trng, siu trng. Mt khc tuyn ng hon ton mi vic
cung cp vt liu xy dng ng c vn chuyn hon ton t ni khc
n. Mi trng khu vc s chu nh hng rt ln ca vic chuyn tr cc vt
liu ny. c bit l s ri vi ca vt liu, t ct b li cun bi bnh xe, khu
vc s b nhim nghim trng bi bi, ting n ca cc xe vn ti. Ngoi ra cc
xe t vi trng ti ln s lm hng cc tuyn ng giao ct gy bi bn vo
ngy tri nng v ly tht vo ngy ma.
Ngoi ra, qu trnh san i mt bng, qu trnh vn chuyn cung cp cc loi
nguyn vt liu nh t, , xi mng, ct si cng l nhng nguyn nhn gy
nhim bi.
Qu trnh thi cng s huy ng rt nhiu cc loi my mc, xe ti s dng
cc loi nhin liu t nh xng, du diezen, du FO vv cc loi nhin liu ny
sau khi chy s x ra mt lng kh c nh NOx, CO, SO 2, VOC vv.. lm
nhim mi trng khng kh. Cc trm trn b tng nha, un nu nha ng,
l nhng ni pht sinh ra nhiu kh thi c hi vi mi trng cng vi bi v
ting n. V vy nhng trm trn b tng atphan nht thit phi la chn cc v tr
ph hp, trnh nh hng ti dn c.
Cc cht thi sinh hot ca cng nhn thi cng trn cng trng gy ra cc
loi mi s u t cc khu v sinh, cc cht thi sinh hot khc nh thc n tha,
xc ng vt cht do tc ng ca qu trnh thi cng vv...
87
Cc khu vc chu nh hng mnh m bi nhim mi trng khng kh,

bi v ting n ch yu tp trung ti cc a phng m ng i qua nh: Tin
phong, M linh, i thnh, Thanh lm - M linh, Tin chu - Th x Phc yn v
cc ng ngang hin ti s c s dng vn chuyn, cung cp vt liu. Do
, cc phng tin vn ti phi i qua thng xuyn, lin tc. Vic ny s gy
nhim bi, ting n, rung cho khu vc dn c hai bn ng. Bn cnh vic
lm tng mc nhim khng kh do bi, kh thi. Cc loi my lu, my m
rung (c bit l loi m cc cng gy ra ting n v rung rt ln.
4.2.2. Tc ng n ting n v rung
Tc ng ca ting n
Trong giai on xy dng, khu vc thi cng v nhng vng ln cn s b
nh hng bi ting n. Ting n t cc my mc, thit b xy dng v cc
phng tin qua li s nh hng ti cc khu vc dn c gn khu vc thi cng
trong giai on xy dng. V vy cn c bin php gim thiu cho s nhim
ny.
Cc ngun gy n bao gm:
-
Xe ti nng vn chuyn vt liu xy dng,

Cc thit b, my mc xy dng,
Trm trn b tng,
My ng cc,
Hot ng san, i t,
My pht in.
Bng 34: Mc n cho php ti khu cng cng v dn c (TCVN 5949-1998)

Khu vc
1
Khu vc cn c bit yn tnh:
Bnh vin, th vin, nh iu dng, nh tr, trng hc, nh th,
cha chin
1
Khu dn c, khch sn, nh
ngh, c quan hnh chnh
1
Khu dn c xen k trong khu
vc thng mi, dch v, sn xut
6 h - 18 h
n v: dBA
18 h - 22 h 22 h - 6 h
50
45
40
60
55
50
75
70
50
Mc n pht sinh t cc my mc thit b xy dng c Cc ng b

Lin bang Hoa K thng k trong nh sau:
88
Bng 35: Mc n pht sinh t cc my mc thit b xy dng

My mc thit b
My ng cc
Ba my v my khoan
Xe ti
My cu
Xe lu
My ko
My san i t
Xe tri b tng nha
asphalt
My
trn b tng
My pht in
My m rung
Mc n v tr
cch thit b 15 m
(dBA)
90-104
76-99
70-96
72-96
72-88
73-96
77-95
82-92
71-90
70-82
70-80
Qui nh ca c quan
dch v cng cng
Hoa K (dBA)
95
75
75
75
75
75
75-80
80
75
75
75
Mc n trong cc hot ng xy dng c bit c nh gi nh sau:

a. Cc hot ng trn b tng:
Mc n ln nht ti v tr cch trm trn b tng 15m l 90 dBA, trong
iu kin khng c vt che chn; mc n ti khong cch xa gp i b gim 6
dBA so vi mc n trc . V vy, mc n ti v tr cch trm trn b tng
30m, 60m, 120m tng ng s l 84 dBA, 78 dBA v 72 dBA.
Tiu chun Mi trng Vit Nam v ting n qui nh mc n tiu chun
ban ngy trong khu dn c khng c vt qu 50 dBA. Nu trm trn b tng
hot ng vo ban ngy th n phi c t cch xa khu vc dn c v cc khu
vc nhy cm (cha chin, n miu, di tch lch s) t nht 300 m, cch khu vc
thng mi ti thiu 240 m. Trng hp my trn b tng ci tin ch to nn
mc n 75 dBA ti v tr cch xa 15 m, th mc n khong cch 60 m ch cn l
63 dBA.
b. Cc hot ng ng cc:
Hot ng ng cc c th to nn ting n vt qu 105 dBA trong phm
vi 15m tnh t ngun gy n. Cc bin php gim bt ting n do ng cc phi
c tnh ton v xut trc nu vic xy dng tin hnh gn cc im vn
ha, lch s, n cha, miu mo, bnh vin, trng hc, khu th.
c. Cc hot ng bc t, san lp mt bng:
san lp mt bng, cn c mt s my mc thit b nh my xc, my i,
my ko, my san v t ti. Cc my mc thit b ny c th to nn mc n 90
dBA khong cch 15 m. Nu chng cng hot ng th mc n s c cng
hng, v d 6 my cng lm vic c th gy mc n 97 - 98 dBA.
d. My pht in:
89
Mc n to nn t cc my pht in c th t 82 dBA ti v tr cch xa

15 m. Nh vy, mc n ln nht khong cch 60 m s khong 70 dBA.
Trong khu vc xy dng, cc my mc s to ra ting n cao, gy nn
nhng tc ng tiu cc i vi n sc khe ca cng nhn lm vic gn bn
my pht in Tc ng ny c nh gi l cc tc ng gy bt li nhng ch
mang tnh a phng. Cc khu dn c nng thn thuc vng d n c th b
tc ng ting n khng ln t cc my mc thit b xy dng. Tuy nhin, cc
khu th, c bit l cc khu dn c th, gn ng, cc n, cha, trng
hc trong phm vi cch my mc thit b xy dng t 100-300 m th tc ng
ting n l rt ng k. V vy, cn phi c cc bin php hu hiu kim sot
ting n nh lm hng ro cn ting n v.v.
Tc ng ca rung
Vic s dng cc xe ti nng vn chuyn vt liu xy dng v cc thit
b, my mc xy dng nh xe lu, m, cn cu s khng ch gy nhim
ting n m cn gy ra rung ng k ti khu vc thi cng cng nh cc vng
ln cn trong giai on xy dng cu v ng. V vy, cn c cc bin php
quan trc, gim thiu trong sut qu trnh xy dng.
Trong qu trnh xy dng cu th ng cc v n mn l hai ngun gy
chn ng chnh. Tuy nhin, s khng c hoc rt hn hu s dng thuc n
o p t. Do vy, vn chn ng t n mn s khng ng phi lo ngi.
Mi s hot ng ca qu trnh thi cng trn cng trng c th ni u
c th trc tip hoc gin tip tc ng ti mi trng nc.
Giai on thi cng: Bao gm cc hot ng ti tuyn ng, trong hnh
lang bo v, ti cc m khai thc vt liu, cc cng trng v cc ng dn.
Giai on khai thc tuyn ng: Bao gm s vn hnh ca dng xe, hot
ng ca cc dch v dc ng nh trm xng du, bn xe... v cc hot ng
duy tu bo dng.
Vic m rng mt tuyn ng trong a hnh ng bng s tc ng
nhiu mt ti mi trng t nhin v x hi, trong mi trng nc cng
chu nhng yu t gy nhim nghim trng v c th ko di. Vn quan tm
trc tin l x l cht thi t cc khu ln tri thi cng, trnh x trc tip cht
thi vo ngun nc. Ngun gy nhim thuc loi cht thi nguy hi l du
m cn ca cc thit b chy my, cht thi sinh hot ca cc khu cng nhn thi
cng.
Cc hot ng thi cng lm xo ng mt t, bin i a hnh, vic o
p lm rnh, to cc taluy u trc tip lm bin i ch dng chy v cht
lng nc. Con ng vt qua sng C L nn vic o p ng cc xy
dng cu cng nh hng rt ln ti ch dng chy mt, gy qu trnh xi
mn st l lm tng t ngt c ca dng nc. c ca h thng nc
90
mt chu nh hng nhiu nht, ti nhng ni gn dng chy hoc ti cng

trng thi cng cu, c c th tng cao ti hn 10 ln so vi bnh thng.
c ln ti mc c th tiu dit ton b cc loi ng vt sng di lp bn
y. Vo ma ma l, c mt vng rng ln pha h lu cng s b nh hng
bi c ny.
nhim du m l nguy c ln nht lm nhim mi trng nc. Vic
tp trung mt s lng ln cc my mc thi cng v cc phng tin vn ti l
nguyn nhn chnh gy nhim du m. Thc t cho thy ti mt s cng trnh
giao thng va c thi cng trong nhng nm qua, nng du m trong nc
mc bo ng, hu nh ch no cng nhn thy vng du. Nu nh cng
trng ko di nhiu nm, c th cn dn n c nhim du cho ngun nc.
nhim vi sinh gy ra bi rc thi v nc thi sinh hot t cc ln tri
ca cng nhn thi cng cu hoc do s bin i ca dng chy do s xut hin
ca tuyn ng lm cho lm cho nc thi t cc khu dn c ln cn tt c u
c thot xung ngun nc gy nhim hu c v nhim vi sinh cho h
thng nc mt.
Vic tp trung cng nhn vi s lng ln lm tng cao cc cht thi sinh
hot s gia tng gy nhim nc. C gi thit rng trung bnh mi ngi s
dng 100 - 300 lt nc mt ngy ng vi 100 ngi th lng nc thi sinh
hot tng ng l khong 10 - 11m 3/ngy, nng cht nhim trong nc thi
sinh hot tnh theo tiu chun ti lng nhim ca nc thi i vi cc nc
ang pht trin do S.J.Arceivala, Marcel Dekeke xut s l :
- BOD5
- COD
- SS
- Du m
- Tng . N
- Tng Vi khun
- Ecoli
- Trng giun sn
- Vi khun
- Cl- Tng Pht pho
- Tng cht rn
: 450 - 540 mg/l

: 720 - 1.020 mg/l
: 700 - 1.450 mg/l
: 100 - 300 mg/l
: 60 - 120 mg/l
: 109 - 1010 mpn/100ml
: 105 - 106 MPN/100ml
: > 103 MPN/100ml
: 102 - 104 MPN/100m
: 40 - 80
mg/l
: 8 - 40
mg/l
: 1700 2200 mg/l
Nu s lng l 100 hay 1000 cng nhn lm vic trong ngy trn cng
trng thi cng th lng cht thi sinh hot nh trn s gp 100 hay 1000 ln,
con s ny nu khng qun l cht ch s nh hng khng nh ti mi trng
nc v t cng nh trm tch y.
Khi tin hnh thi cng vic san lp mt bng lm ng c th to ra b
ngn cao, h su gy ngp ng, t ng dn ti kh nng trao i km v gy
91
nhim bn cc b. Tuyn ng i qua con sng nh C L v cc ao h, mng

nng nghip ... y chnh l nhng im tip nhn cc ngun thi sinh hot v
cht thi rn gy nhim bn ngun nc.
Khi san lp mt bng, khai thc nguyn vt liu ti cc t im nh Thanh
lm, Tin chu, i thnh, Xun Ho, i li, Ngc thanh l cc khu vc i
ni thp, di sn dc tng i ln lm cho lp t trn b mt ti xp to
thun li cho s xi mn, tng ra tri v tng c cho ngun nc.
Yu t cui cng gy nhim nc l cc cht ph gia b tng chy ra t
vic b tng v vic thi cng cc cc khoan nhi. Cc cht hu c ny u rt
c v kh phn hu, chng s tn ti lu di trong h thng nc.
Tuy nhin cc yu t gy nhim nc trong thi gian thi cng tuyn
ng ch mang tnh tm thi. Do kh nng t lm sch ca nc rt cao nn
sau khi kt thc vic xy dng chng 6 thng n 1 nm, cht lng nc s
dn dn tr li trng thi cn bng ban u. Cc tc ng c hi trong thi gian
thi cng l khng ng ngi.
4.2.4. Tc ng ti mi trng nc ngm
Cc nguyn nhn c bn tc ng n cht lng ngun nc ngm trong
qu trnh thi cng, xy dng c th nh sau:
- Nc mt l ngun cung cp nc c bn cho nc ngm, v th s
nhim nc mt s dn n nhim cc tng nc ngm.
- Qu trnh thi cng ng cc, khoan, o h xy dng mng v tr cu
gy thng tng t mt lm cho c s trao i trc tip gia nc mt b nhim
v nc ngm, gy nhim tng nc ngm.
- i vi cc tng nc ngm nng, vic o p, san i mt bng s lm
cho cc mch nc ngm b l ra, nc mt v nc ma cha cht nhim xm
nhp vo tng nc ngm gy nn s nhim tng nc ngm.
- S thay i ca h thng cc dng chy lm bin i quy lut dng chy
ko theo l mc nc ngm c th b h thp hoc nng cao tu theo qu trnh
bin i ca h thng dng chy mt cng l mt nguyn nhn dn ti s thay
i cht lng v lu lng ca cc tng nc ngm.
- Cn c vo ti liu a cht v c im th nhng v cc iu kin a
l t nhin, khu vc d kin c tuyn ng i qua ch yu nm trong trm tch
b di v cc i nt n ca gc. Ngun cung cp cho nc ngm c lin
quan cht ch ti nc mt, v s thay i theo ma do vy tc ng ca d n
lm ng v hot ng ca tuyn ng ti cht lng nc ngm l rt ln c
bit l vo ma ma.
Vi phng n la chn s cu phi xy dng l 4 cu, phng n thi cng
xy dng tr v m cu l phng n cc khoan nhi
92
Trng hp cc khoan nhi: Cng ngh ca cc khoan nhi l mt trong

nhng cng ngh thng c p dng trong vic thi cng mng v tr cu ca
cc cng trnh giao thng. Vi cng ngh ny th kh nng xm nhp nc mt
vo cc mch nc ngm cc l khoan rt ln.
Cng on quan trng nht ca cng ngh cc khoan nhi l khi to cc v
tr cc bng cch khoan su xung t to thnh cc l trng c ng knh ln
hn ng knh cc khoan. Ti nhng ni c cng t yu trong khi khoan
phi a cc cht ph gia bt kn v tng cng b mt khu vc khoan, iu
ny cng lm gim s xm nhp ca nc mt vo nc ngm. Phng php th
hai l khoan n u s t cc ng thp n y. Trong giai on cha b
tng cc nhi l giai on nc ngm v nc mt tip xc thm nhp ln nhau
nhiu nht. Tip sau l cng on bt y tr, t ct thp b v phun va b
tng, trong giai on ny mt s mch nc ngm s b bt kn bi va b tng
hoc c th b nhim bi cc cht ph gia do, ph gia ng cng trong va xi
mng khi b tng cha ng cng. C th ni khi thi cng cc cc nhi ti cc
cu qua sng c cht lng nc xu th tc ng ti mi trng nc ngm l
ng k. y l mt tc ng khng th trnh khi i vi vic thi cng cc cc
khoan nhi lm mng, tr cu.
Cn c vo kt qu phn tch trn c th thy kh nng tc ng ca d n
n mi trng nc ngm l rt ln. Nh vy i hi phi c cc bin php tch
cc v hu hiu bo v cht lng nc mt cng nh nc ngm.
4.2.5. Tc ng mi trng t
Khi thi cng phi p cao nn ng, vi cc vng trng phi c lng vt
liu t, ct si ... rt ln, trong khi lm ng qua vng i th phi san i to
mt ng. Vic khai thc t, ct o p ng, gy ra tiu cc vi mi trng
t.
Khi lng t o p c th nh sau:
ST
T
Hng mc cng vic
n
v
Khi
lng
Giai on 1
1
m3
128.238,2
o t hu c, vn chuyn
i 5 km vo ch khai thc
p nn ng
m nguyn th K0,95 dy 20 cm
m3
85.492,1
p nn ng K = 0,95 (t i)
m3
1.095.108,7
m3
74.593,6
p nn ng K = 0,98 bng t
i
Ri vi a k thut
m2
266.500,0
o x l bn t yu, vc 5 km
m3
363.750,0
p b bng ct en m cht K =
0,95
Giai on 2
m2
363.750,0
93

1
m3
175.831,7
o t hu c, vn chuyn
i 5 km vo ch khai thc
p nn ng
m nguyn th K0,95 dy 20 cm
m3
117.221,2
p nn ng K = 0,95 (t i)
m3
1.535.561,6
m3
136.754,8
p nn ng K = 0,98 bng t
i
Ri vi a k thut
m2
383.500,0
o x l bn t yu, vc 5 km
m3
498.750,0
p b bng ct en m cht K =
0,95
m2
498.750,0
nhim t do du m t cc thit b thi cng, cc cht thi rn v cht

thi sinh hot ca cng nhn x thi trc tip vo t hoc nhim t thng qua
con ng nc mt tc ng trc tip n sn xut nng nghip, cc yu t tc
ng khng thch hp cho canh tc nng nghip, h qu trc tip l thm thc
vt km hoc khng pht trin, lm bin i cnh quan, suy gim cht lng t .
Vic xy dng con ng mi c th nng cao hoc h thp mc nc
ngm l c hi cung cp cc nguyn t ha hc khng mong mun nh Al, Fe v
mang i cc hp phn kim v kim th thc y qu trnh phong ho laterit din
ra mnh m hn, phn hy cht mn gim hot ng cc vi sinh vt trong t,
gim ph ca t tc l mi trng t s b tc ng tiu cc. Khu x l t
ph thi nu khng c kim sot cht ch s gy hu qu nghim trng ti
t trng trt c bit l cc loi ct si, va b tng, nc thi ca cc trm trn
b tng c kim cao v cha cn lng xi mng s lm suy thoi t mnh m.
Hu qu ca cc tc ng trn s lm thay i c tnh c l ca t nh
chai cng, kt vn. Lm thay i c im ha hc nh chua ha, t b nhim
c cc kim loi nng .. lm cho t mt kh nng canh tc v s tc ng ti
con ngi qua thc n ng vt v thc vt.
4.2.6. Tc ng ca d n gy trt t, l t v xi mn t
Trong qu trnh thi cng cc nn ng b o ti cc vng i v khu t
cao hoc khai thc cc m t , ct si lm vt liu xy dng ng s lm gia
tng mt n nh ca mi dc dn ti xi v l t.
Trt t, l t v xi mn t l mt qu trnh phc tp ph thuc vo
nhiu yu t khc nhau. Bn cnh cc yu t tc ng ca con ngi trong qu
trnh thi cng cu ng, khai thc vt liu th cc yu t t nhin a hnh, a
cht, dy tng ph, lng ma hng nm, th nhng v thm thc vt u c
nh hng rt ln i kh quyt nh n quy m cng nh mc nghim trng
ca trt t, l t, xi mn t.
4.2.7. Tc ng ca d n n ngp ng
Cn c vo s liu thu vn cho thy: ma l ln hng nm ti khu vc
nghin cu thng tp trung vo 2 thng VII v VIII hng nm, c khi xut hin
94
sm vo thng V, VI v mun vo thng X. Trn l thng ko di 1-3 ngy trn

cc sng sui nh v 3-10 ngy trn sng va v ln. Hng nm c khong 4-6
trn l, nhng cng c nm ch c mt vi trn l, c nm ti 8 trn l. Bin l
khong 2-3 m, c khi ti 5-7 m. Cng sut l ln nht c th ti 3 m/h, tc
nc ln nht c th ti 4-5 m/s.
Nh vy, c th ni rng khu vc nghin cu l vng c nhiu nguy c
ngp ng. c bit c th xut hin nhng trn ma c bit ln v kh nng
ngp ng cc b l thng xuyn.
Vic xy dng mt tuyn ng hon ton mi chy qua sng C L v
cc mng nng nghip v cc h m cng c kh nng tiu thot nc mang
tnh cht cc b cho cc khu vc. Vic nng cao mt ng, vic chn dng chy
t nhin san lp mt bng m tuyn khai thc vt liu, vic xy dng cc cu,
cng vt sng, knh lm thu hp dng chy t nhin, s l nhng nguyn nhn
gy ngp ng, ng nc. H qu ca n l lm thay i din tch ngp nc,
thi gian ngp ng v cng l nguyn nhn to ra khu vc cha nc mi dn
theo hng lot nhng s thay i nh gy snh ly t, glei ha t, mn ha t
v mt din tch canh tc, gy nhim mi trng nc, t v trm tch. ng
thi nu tnh trng ngp ng nh trc y li din ra th nh hng l nghim
trng hn nhiu khi chnh bn thn tuyn ng l di ngn cch cho hng tiu
thot ng lt ca khu vc.
4.2.8. Tng tai nn giao thng
Trong giai on thi cng, do vic tp trung cc my mc xy dng v
thit b phc v thi cng, vic tc nghn giao thng tm thi s xy ra, bn cnh
cc tai nn lao ng ti cng trng cng s tr thnh vn c bit cn
quan tm. Cc nh thu cng nh ch D n cn c bin php gim thiu, ngn
chn trc. Cc bin php gim thiu s c cp ti chng sau.
4.2.9. Tc ng ti kinh t - x hi ca khu vc d n
Trong thi gian xy dng ng kinh t - x hi ca cc khu vc c lin
quan cng s b nh hng. S nh hng ny s din ra trn din rng, trn
phm vi ton khu vc. Tuy nhin, nhng nh hng ny ch xy ra trong khong
thi gian ngn.
i vi cc x ca khu vc d n, nn kinh t ch yu da vo nng
nghip thu ht trn 85% tng lao ng; t nng nghip l ngun sng gn nh
duy nht ca ngi dn; y l vng cn mang nng bn sc vn ho lng x ca
vn minh nng nghip truyn thng lu i v a dng, gn lin vi lng ngh
truyn thng, tp qun, tn ngng Thin cha gio xen ln Pht gio ngay trong
cng mt thn xm; lng xm, nh cha miu mo, ni chn ct, mnh t canh
tc v h thng ti tiu to ra mt th thng nht trong mt h sinh thi nng
nghip; ngoi ra, dc khu vc d n c cc khu cng nghip nh khu cng
nghip Tin phong, Thanh lm tp trung cn b cng nhn vin c cuc sng
n nh v lu di.
95
Tuyn ng lin kt vi mng li giao thng Quc l 2, tnh l, huyn

l; mt s khu th mi v ang hnh thnh nh i thnh, Tin phong, cc
khu cng nghip khi nghin cu, thi cng tuyn chng ta cn quan tm ti quan
h ca n n h thng giao thng hin c c gii php thit k ph hp,
khng lm nh hng n giao thng i li trong khu vc, ng thi trnh c
nh hng ca n ti cc qui hoch ca th c. Dc theo cc trc ng
lin x trong khu vc D n c cc trng mm non, trng tiu hc v ph
thng c s v nh vn ho x hi; cc lng xm c nh c lu di cng
vi nn vn ho, kin trc, cc khu lng m, nh cha, miu mo ca tng a
phng, v vy cn c quan tm ng mc khi thit k D n.
Trong khu vc D n c cc di tch lch s vn ho c gi tr nh n Hai
B Trng, cha Trung hu, Ngha trang Thanh tc, tt c nhng di sn vn
ho c gi tr cn c coi trng v bo v.
Giai on xy dng c nh gi l giai on c kh nng gy ra nhiu
tc ng ti mi trng sinh thi, a dng sinh hc v ti nguyn sinh vt. Cc
yu t chnh gy tc ng gm:
- Nhiu nhn cng hot ng trn tuyn,
- Cc phng tin my mc, c gii,
- Phng tin vn chuyn, xe c hot ng ngy m,
- Nguyn vt liu xy dng ng, cu cng v cc cng trnh ph khc.
Cc yu t k trn l cc yu t c bn. T cc yu t ny pht sinh ra
nhiu cc yu t khc nh: xy dng ln tri cho cng nhn tm, tri tp kt
nguyn vt liu, gia tng cng hot ng ca con ngi, my mc, xe c
ngy m gy ting n, bi, v cc cht thi sinh hot, cht thi do hot ng ca
my mc (du m...) lm nhim mi trng nc cc sui v sng. Thi gian
thi cng di lm cho khu vc mt yn tnh, gy tc ng ti thm thc vt v
ng vt trn tuyn. Cc yu t b tc ng gm cc h ng thc vt nh:
-
Mt mt s din tch rng trng v cy n qu trong cc khu dn

c,
Mt thm thc vt gm cc loi cy trng trn t nng nghip,
Mt mt s loi thc vt trn on tuyn, nht l nhng loi cy

lm nghip v cy n qu trn cc vn, i,
Lm nh hng ti vng sng v vng hot ng ca mt s

nhm,
Lm nh hng ti ni kim n v ngun thc n ca mt s

nhm,
Lm ngn cch vng sng ca mt s loi gia cc khu vc,
96
Lm nhim mi trng sng ca mt s loi.
4.2.11. Nhng nh hng lin quan n c s h tng tm

Nhng nh hng n mi trng c lin quan n c s h tng tm nh
cc ng tm, cu tm, kho bi cha vt liu gy nhiu nh hng tiu cc n
mi trng hn l cc hot ng khc nu khng c qun l mt cch cht ch
trong sut qu trnh xy dng. S la chn hp l i vi cc c s h tng tm
s gim ng k cc loi cht thi pht tn ra mi trng. V vy cn phi c s
hp tc vi cc chuyn gia mi trng v ngi dn a phng gim bt nh
hng c hi m n gy ra nh: tc nghn giao thng, nhim cc thnh phn
mi trng, nguy c xut hin cc bnh dch.
Nhng c s h tng tm ny c th c nhng tiu ch la chn nh
sau:
- V tr phi thng thong mt m, m bo b tr cc cng trnh v sinh
ph hp vi iu kin sinh hot ca nhiu ngi, t nh hng ti khu dn c.
`
- m bo iu kin cung cp nc sch, t gy nh hng ti t
nng nghip v ngun nc.
- C iu kin thu gom v x l cc loi cht thi sinh hot.
- Khng chu tc ng mnh ca cc yu t thi tit nh ma bo.
- Khng nh hng ti i sng sinh hot ca nhn dn a phng.
Nhn chung nhng tc ng chnh ca d n ti mi trng c trnh
by nh trn. y l giai on m pht sinh nhng tc ng gy nh hng v s
so trn mnh m ti mi trng t nhin v x hi c phn tch mt cch
y v chi tit. Cc tc ng ny s c hn ch v gim thiu ti a nu p
dng cc bin php k thut v nhng quy tc thc hin trong qu trnh thi cng
cc bin php ny s c trnh by trong Chng sau.
4.3. Tc ng ca d n trong giai on vn hnh
Tc ng lu di ng k nht ca d n cng chnh l bng chng cho s
hot ng ca tuyn ng l lng pht thi t cc phng tin giao thng s
dng du diesel, s pht tn hi xng v bi ting n giao thng s nh hng
ti cht lng khng kh v ting n. Nhng tc ng lu di trong giai on
vn hnh c th c gim thiu bng nhiu gii php nh thit k tuyn ng,
k hoch qun l tuyn hp l. Cc bin php gim thiu c trnh by
Chng sau.
Bng 36: Tm tt tc ng n mi trng ca d n trong giai on vn hnh
Nhng hot ng ca d n gy tc ng
Cc yu t v mi trng
nh
1. nh hng ti t ai (bao gm c s ln t).
hng 2. nh hng ti ngun nc v thu vn.
n
3. nh hng ti cht lng nc.
Mc tc
ng
C
C
C
97
4. nh hng ca n.
5. nh hng ca rung.
6. nh hng ti cht lng khng kh.
7. nh hng ca cht thi.
mi
8. nh hng ti MT sc kho v an ton.
trng 9. nh hng ti giao thng a phng v h thng
thin
ng
10. nhx.
hng vic s dng t v cc k hoch khc
nhin 11.
ca nh
a phng.
hng ti h sinh thi ng thc vt.
nh
12. nh hng ti cc hot ng kinh t ca dn a
hng 13.
phng.
nh hng ti giao thng hin ti v dch v cng
n
cng.
14. nh hng ti vn ho.
kinh t 15. nh hng ti sc kho cng ng.
x hi 16 S ri ro v nguy him.
B
C
B
C
B
C
C
B
(A)
(A)
C
B
B
Ghi ch:
A- nh hng bt li ln;
B- nh hng bt li trung bnh;
C- nh hng bt li nh.
Cc ch trong du ngoc n l nh hng c li.
Trong nhng mc tip theo, tc ng ca d n ti mi trng vt l, ti h sinh
thi, ti mi trng x hi v nhn vn s c phn tch k hn.
Trong giai on vn hnh lng xe s tng ln. Tc ng ca hot ng

ny n mi trng khng kh c th c lng ho t m hnh ton v nhim
ngun ng.
Cc loi kh thi c hi c d bo trn c s Tiu chun Vit Nam v
mi trng khng kh xung quanh TCVN 5937- 1995. Cc tiu chun kh thi v
ting n cho cc phng tin c gii ng b mi (p dng cho xe mi nhp,
lp rp hoc sn xut trong nc) c qui nh c th trong cc vn bn php
lut ca Nh nc.
M hnh tnh
tnh ton cho qu trnh pht tn cc cht gy nhim do qu trnh pht
thi giao thng gy ra trong bo co ny chng ti s dng m hnh Gauss v m
hnh ton Berlyand tnh cho d n ng.
Vi mt ng giao thng chng ta gi thit l ngun thi lin tc v di
v hn (khi x ) gi thi vung gc vi mt ng chng ta c nghim nng
cht nhim trung bnh trong khng kh do ngun ng pht thi lin tc c
dng:
C (x,z, h) =
1 ( z h) 2
M exp
2 2 2
2
y
exp 1 ( z h)
2 2 2

z

98
Trong :
M
u
h
z
z
= cng sut pht thi cht nhim ca ngun ng (g/m/s)

= tc gi trung bnh (m/s) thng ly cao 2m
= cao mt ng so vi mt t xung quanh
= cao ca im cn tnh ton nng (m)
= h s khuych tn theo phng z
M hnh tnh ton cht nhim do ngun ng c xy dng tnh

ton v d bo nng cc cht nhim trn tuyn ng trc trung tm th
mi M linh. Cc yu t cn tnh ton v d bo s l: kh CO, kh NO v VOC
(CH), thi im d bo c tnh ton l nm 2015 v nm 2020.
Trn c s tnh ton d bo nhu cu giao thng vn ti, h s tng trng
giao thng bnh qun ca cc loi xe trong cc nm d bo, d bo tng trng
lu lng xe t nhn. Cc h s pht thi cc cht nhim c tnh ton d bo
trn ng ca cc phng n trn c nu trong Bng sau.
Bng 37: Bng d bo h s pht thi cc cht nhim
Nm 2015
TT
Tuyn ng
CO NOx VOC
g/m/s g/m/s g/m/s
Phng n khng c d n ng
1 Ti im tip gip vi QL 2
6,85 1,16 1,64
2 Ti im giao vi ng 23
3,06 0,48 1,20
3 Ti im giao vi ng BTL-NB 5,09 1,48 1,80
Phng n c d n ng
4 Ti im tip gip vi QL 2
6,77 1,25 3,23
5 Ti im giao vi ng 23
5,90 2,28 3,25
6 Ti im giao vi ng BTL-NB 6,87 2,43 3,72
Nm 2020
CO NOx VOC
g/m/s g/m/s g/m/s
12,40 3,28 4,65
10,22 1,36 3,39
13,23 4,36 4,37
16,42 3,72 9,21
13,30 3,75 8,78
17,81 4,23 11,23
cao mt ng so vi mt t xung quanh l 1,2m

cao im cn tnh ton nng : 1,2 m
Trn c s tnh ton v thng k cc yu t kh tng t cc trm quan trc
kh tng c trong khu vc (Trm Vnh Yn, Ni Bi ), cc kch bn tnh ton
trong cc nm 2015 v 2020 vi cc yu t nh hng n s pht thi ca cc
cht nhim c a ra trong bng sau:
Bng 38: Bng cc yu t nh hng n s pht thi cht nhim
TT
Tuyn ng
Nm 2015
H s n nh kh
Tc gi (m/s)
quyn
Ma
Ma
Ma h
Ma h
ng
ng
99
1
2
3
Ti im tip gip vi QL 2
Ti im giao vi ng 23
Ti im giao vi ng BTL-NB
2,3
2,3
2,3
2,1
2,1
2,1
D
D
D
A
A
A
Bng 39: Bng bn vng ca kh quyn (Cp

n nh)
bn
vng
0,10
0,15
0,20
0,25
0,25
0,30
bn vng ca kh quyn c chia lm 6 cp nh sau:

Cp A Khng n nh mnh
Cp B Khng n nh va
Cp C Khng n nh nh
Cp D Trung tnh
Cp E n nh nh
Cp F n nh va
Tnh h s khuch tn theo phng thng ng (z):
H s khuch tn theo phng thng ng (z) ph thuc
vo khong cch x (trung vi hng gi) , ri ca kh quyn
v vn tc gi. H s khuch tn c xc nh theo cc cng
thc trong bng sau:
Bng 40: H s khuch tn theo cp n nh
Cp n nh
Z (m)
theo Pasquill
A
0,20x(1 + 0,0001x)-1/2
0,12x(1 + 0,0001x)-1/2
0,08x (1 + 0,0002x)-1/2
0,06x (1 + 0,00015x)-1/2
0,03x (1 + 0,0003x)-1/2
0,016x (1 + 0,0003x)-1/2
100
Ngun: Trn Ngc Chn - nhim khng kh v x l kh thi

(tp1), Nh xut bn khoa hc k thut, 2000.
Kt qu d bo cht lng khng kh

Cht lng khng kh th hin qua nng cc kh CO, VOC v NOx
c nu trong cc bng sau v c minh bng bng s liu sau:
a. Phng n khng c ng :
Bng 41: Kt qu d bo nng cc cht nhim ti im tip gip vi QL2
Khong cch
t l ng
Cc cht
nhim
Ma 2015
ng 2020
2015
Ma h
2020
CO
NOx VOC CO
NOx VOC CO
NOx VOC CO
NOx VOC
2,1
6,81
3,2
6,72
0,29
0,97
0,36
0,98
1,17
3,27
2,17
5,37
0,22
0,66
0,45
0,98
0,89
2,47
1,85
5,26
0,19
0,47
0,38
0,87
0,73
1,94
1,67
4,55
0,17
0,35
0,26
0,77
TCVN 59371995 (tb 24h)
5.0
0,1
5,0
0,1
5,0
0,1
5,0
0,1
10 m
TCVN 59381995 (tb 24h)
20 m
0,76
2,15
0,88
4,35
1,5
30 m
0,29
0,78
0,54
1,46
1,5
40 m
0,25
0,57
0,44
1,25
1,5
0.14
0.48
0.34
1.23
1,5
Bng 42: Kt qu d bo nng cc cht nhim ti im giao vi ng 23
Khong cch
t l ng
Cc cht
nhim
Ma 2015
ng 2020
2015
Ma h
2020
0,79
2,57
0,85
2,96
0,17
0,38
0,16
0,42
TCVN 59371995 (tb 24h)
5.0
0,1
10 m
20 m
30 m
40 m
CO NOx VOC CO NOx VOC CO NOx VOC CO NOx VOC
TCVN 59381995 (tb 24h)
0,34
0,83
0,36
0,97
0,54
1,74
0,94
3,06
0,08
0,23
0,15
0,41
5,0
0,1
1,5
0,23
0,57
0,36
1,03
0,35
1,33
0,82
2,74
0,06
0,15
0,16
0,39
5,0
0,1
1,5
0,18
0,46
0,35
0,97
0,32
1,05
0,78
2,46
0,08
0,14
0,15
0,36
5,0
0,1
1,5
0,11
0,35
0,29
0,81
1,5
Bng 43: Kt qu d bo nng cc cht nhim ti im tip gip vi

ng Bc Thng Long - Ni Bi
Khong cch
t l ng
Cc cht
nhim
10 m
CO
NOx VOC CO
20 m
NOx VOC CO
30 m
NOx VOC CO
40 m
NOx VOC
101
Ma 2015 2,4 0,27

ng 2020 6,83 0,96
Ma h 2015 3,23 0,38
2020 6,75 0,99
TCVN 59371995 (tb 24h)
5.0
0,75
2,17
0,87
4,36
0,1
TCVN 59381995 (tb 24h)
1,13
3,28
2,18
5,39
0,27
0,65
0,46
0,98
5,0
0,1
1,5
0,26
0,75
0,56
1,47
0,85
2,44
1,86
5,26
0,17
0,49
0,33
0,85
5,0
0,1
1,5
0,28
0,56
0,49
1,28
0,77
1,98
1,69
4,55
0,19
0,36
0,26
0,79
5,0
0,1
0.16
0.45
0.36
1.27
1,5
1,5
b. Phng n c ng:
Bng 44. Kt qu d bo nng cc cht nhim ti im tip gip vi QL2
Khong cch
t l ng
Cc cht
nhim
Ma 2015
ng 2020
2015
Ma h
2020
TCVN 59371995 (tb 24h)
10 m
20 m
30 m
40 m
CO
NOx VOC CO
NOx VOC CO
NOx VOC CO
NOx VOC
2,43
4,07
1,68
4,77
0,06 0,8 1,98 0,04

0,18 2,28 2,78 0,12
0,07 0,94 1,75 0,08
0,21 2,68 4,97 0,22
1,73
2,08
1,55
4,41
0,03
0,09
0,07
0,19
1,59
1,67
1,36
3,88
0,03
0,07
0,06
0,17
5,0
0,1
5,0
0,1
5.0
0,1
TCVN 59381995 (tb 24h)
5,0
0,55
1,56
0,98
2,79
0,1
1,5
1,5
0,41
1,17
0,87
2,47
0.33
0.93
0.76
2.18
1,5
1,5
Bng 45 : Kt qu d bo nng cc cht nhim ti im giao vi ng 23
Khong cch
t l ng
Cc cht
nhim
Ma 2015
ng 2020
2015
Ma h
2020
TCVN 59371995 (tb 24h)
10 m
CO
20 m
30 m
NOx VOC CO
NOx VOC CO
1,46
3,3
1,71
3,86
0,07
0,19
0,08
0,22
1,34
2,25
1,79
4,03
0,05
0,13
0,08
0,23
5.0
0,1
5,0
0,1
TCVN 59381995 (tb 24h)
0,81
2,18
0,94
2,55
1,5
0,55
1,49
0,98
2,66
40 m
NOx VOC CO
NOx VOC
0,95 0,04 0,41 0,6 0,03

1,69 0,1 1,11 1,35 0,08
1,58 0,08 0,87 1,39 0,07
3,57 0,2 2,36 3,14 0,18
5,0
0,1
1,5
5,0
0.33
0.89
0.77
2.07
0,1
1,5
1,5
Bng 46: Kt qu d bo nng cc cht nhim ti im tip gip vi

ng Bc Thng Long - Ni Bi
Khong cch
t l ng
10 m
20 m
30 m
40 m
102
Cc cht
nhim
Ma 2015
ng 2020
2015
Ma h
2020
CO
NOx VOC CO
NOx VOC CO
NOx VOC CO
NOx VOC
2,45
5,87
2,25
6,76
0,27
0,96
0,38
0,99
1,23
3,29
2,19
5,39
0,27
0,65
0,46
0,98
0,98
2,44
1,86
5,26
0,17
0,49
0,33
0,85
0,79
1,98
1,69
4,55
0,19
0,36
0,26
0,79
TCVN 59371995 (tb 24h)
5.0
0,1
5,0
0,1
5,0
0,1
5,0
0,1
TCVN 59381995 (tb 24h)
0,79
2,18
0,86
4,37
1,5
0,26
0,75
0,56
1,47
1,5
0,28
0,56
0,49
1,28
1,5
0.16
0.45
0.36
1.27
1,5
4.3.2.Tc ng n mc n
Phng php d bo
Phng php c s dng d bo ting n l phng php ny c
s dng Anh tnh ton cch m cho cc ta nh sp c xy dng, ng
thi dng cho cc k hoch ho xy dng v nh gi cc tc ng ca ting n
trong giao thng. ( tham kho ti liu ca Trung tm Mi trng Vin kh tng
thu vn - Bo co TM ng cao tc H Ni Thi nguyn)
Phng php ny s dng khong cch tnh n tiu chun l 10m t l
ng, cao cch mt t 1,2m, mt ng tiu chun. Phng trnh d bo
nh sau:
5 p
500
Lep (1h) 101 g Q 331 g V 40

30.6
101 g 1
V
V
Trong :
Q
V
p
(dBA)
= lu lng dng xe (xe/gi).

= tc trung bnh ca dng xe (km/gi).
= s % xe ti nng trong dng xe.
Phng php ny s dng cho ng c kt cu b mt tt, dc nh.

Phng php ny c u im l phi hp vi cc tnh ton lan truyn khc s d
bo tng i chnh xc cng n ti im cn tnh, do c tnh n cc nh
hng ca lan truyn m thanh nh tc ng ca khong cch, nn, mn chn v
phn x. c bit s dng tt cho cc giao ct ca ng v cc ng c nhiu
on phc tp. d bo ting n cho khu vc d n cc tham s u vo c
ly nh sau:
dc ng:
0%
Vn tc dng xe trung bnh:
V= 70 km/h
Lu lng dng xe 1000 xe/h (2015) 1500 xe/h (2020).
Khi thc hin d n ng ngy cng nhiu xe v tng dn theo thi gian
t 2015 n 2020. T trng xe ti nng (ngun gy ting n ln nht) trong
lung vn ti cng s tng ln tng ng v c c tnh l 15% (2015) -20%
103
(2020). Tc xe trung bnh trn ng cao tc l 70km/h. Gi thit l ng

bng phng mt ng phn m l b tng At phan (h s a = -0.1) Da vo
cng thc trn, kt qu d bo ting n cho cc on ng vo cc nm c
a ra trong bng sau.
Kt qu d bo mc n do cc phng tin giao thng gy ra
Bng 47 : Kt qu tnh ton d bo mc ting n tng ng Leq(dBA)

cho cc on trn tuyn ng
Tuyn ng
QL2 n im giao ng 23
im giao ng 23 n ng BTLNB
Lu lng
dng xe (xe/h)
2015
2020
1000
1500
Mc n (dBA)
2015
73,5
2020
78,7
1000
73,6
78,8
1500
Nu mc m c trng ca ngun n thng c o d cao 1,2-1,5 m

so vi mt ng ti im cch ngun n mt khong r1 (m) bit ("r1" thng
l 1m i vi ngun n cng nghip v 7,5 m i vi ngun n l dng xe giao
thng) th mc n khong r2 > r1 s gim hn mc n khong ch r1 mt tr
s l L(dB) theo cng thc sau:
r
2 1 a
Vi ngun n l im: L= 20log ( r ) (dB)
1
2 1 a
Vi ngun n ng: Ld= 10log ( r ) (dB)
1
Trong :
a l h s nh hng ca a hnh mt t n hp th v phn x
ting n,
a = - 0,1 vi ng nha v b tng,
a = 0 vi mt t trng tri khng c cy ci,
a = 0,1 vi t trng c.
Kt qu tnh ton d bo mc ting n tng ng Leq (dBA) suy gim
theo khong cch khc nhau tnh t l ng cho cc on trn tuyn ng
c trnh by trong bng sau:.
Bng 48. Mc n theo khong cch
Khong cch t l ng
10 m 20 m 30 m 40 m 50 m 60 m 70 m 80 m 90 m 100 m
Tuyn
QL2 n im giao ng 23
2010 74,5 71,1 68,36 67,17 66,26 65,52 64,9 64,38 63,9 63,5
2020 83,7 82,3 79,56 78,37 77,46 76,72 76,1 75,58 75,1 74,7
104
im giao ng 23 n
ng BTL-NB
2010 74,6 71,2 68,46 67,27 66,36 65,62 65 64,48 64 63,6

2020 77,7 74,3 73,56 72,37 71,46 70,72 70,1 69,58 69,1 68,7
4.3.3. Tc ng n cht lng nc mt

Khi tuyn ng i vo hot ng ko theo hng lot cc c sn xut dch
v, lng ngh bm theo hai mt ng, cc khu cng nghip hnh thnh, cc khu
dn c v pht trin cc th, nh hng, khch sn, nh ngh vv th vn
nh hng ca nc thi sn xut v sinh hot n mi trng nc l rt ln.
Ngun thi giao thng, ngun thi sinh hot t hot ng ca tuyn ng trn
s tc ng rt tiu cc n mi trng nc mt, nc ngm, t, trm tch
cng nh cng ng dn c hin ang sinh sng xen gia hai bn ng. Nu
nh khng c k hoch trc v qun l cht thi sinh hot cng nh cht thi
sn xut th nguy c nhim mi trng l rt ln i vi mi trng khu vc.
y chnh l vn cn quan tm ca cc nh qun l mi trng nhm c k
hoch qun l lu di hn ch nhng nguyn nhn nhim sau ny.
4.3.4. Tc ng n cht lng nc ngm
Tc ng tim tng ln nht n ngun nc ngm do cc thay i trng
thi thu vn v cht lng nc khi np vo tng nc ngm. Nc ngm c
th b nhim bn sau mt thi gian do cc cht theo nc ngm qua vt liu xy
dng v cc bi thi cc cht c nh thuc tr su hay sn phm du thi.
Nc ngm cn b nh hng do cc thay i trong h thot nc khi xy dng
tuyn ng. Khi ci to tuyn phi tnh n h thng tiu nc y v b li
cc dng chy b nh hng. Cc iu kin ny c th gim ti mc ti thiu
bng cch khi phc cng nhanh cng tt dng chy ban u v trnh nc
ng li.
4.3.5. Tc ng n kinh t - x hi
t ai trn dc tuyn ng s c s chuyn i mc ch s dng v
bin ng v gi t, s hnh thnh cc cm dn c mi hoc hnh thnh cc ch
t pht, cc khu bun bn dch v cho khch qua ng, cc quy hoch phc v
pht trin kinh t x hi vng. Nhn chung vi tt c cc tuyn ng ni chung
v cho tuyn ng trc th M linh ni ring, sau khi a vo khai thc th
din bin ca cc khu t ven ng s c s chuyn i nhanh v phc tp
nu nh khng c cc nh hng v chin lc s dng lu di.
Pht trin giao thng s y mnh pht trin cng nghip cc d n pht
trin vng c u t nhiu hn, to thm vic lm, gim bt tht nghip.
Mng li dch v, du lch pht trin, gp phn ci thin tt c cc dng giao
thng khc trong vng, thc y qu trnh th ho v cng nghip ho.
Sau khi ua tuyn ng vo hot ng, mt phn ng k t nng
nghip, t rung s chuyn sang mc ch s dng khc c th l kinh doanh,
khu cng nghip dch v, dn c th ch. Vic pht trin khng kim sot
105
c nh s pht trin cc vnh ai kinh doanh hoc cng nghip c th dn ti

vic s dng t khng hiu qu dc theo tuyn ng.
Nhng d bo cho s pht trin th, tp trung dn c dc tuyn c th
xy ra sau mt vi nm tuyn ng i vo khai thc s l:
-
Thay i c cu lao ng, vic lm.
Tng cng, ci thin c s h tng cng cng.
Thay i gi c t ai.
Nhng tc ng do mi trng b nhim bi bi, cht thi

c th lm cho mi trng t b suy thoi, dn ti vic canh tc t ai
tr nn km hiu qu, nng xut cy trng thp.

Sau khi xy dng xong tuyn ng chnh thc i vo hot ng, th cc
yu t chnh tc ng lu di v lin tc ti a dng sinh hc v ti nguyn sinh
vt trong khu vc, l:
Lu lng xe, ti trng ca xe v tc xe chy trn tuyn t

gy nn nng kh thi, bi, ting n v cht thi du m lm nhim
mi trng (nht l mi trng nc cc dng sng) gy nh hng ti mi
trng sng ca h ng thc vt.
Tui th tuyn ng, cu cng v cc cng trnh ph khc. y l

mt yu t quan trng bi v mi ln sa cha ng, cu cng l mt ln
lm xo trn cc hot ng ca ng vt v gy tc ng ti mi trng
sinh thi trong khu vc.
i vi thc vt, qu trnh nhim bi s nh hng ti qu trnh quang

hp, qu trnh th phn v km theo lm suy gim nng xut cy trng. Mt s
kh thi c tc ng rt nhy cm i vi qu trnh ra hoa v th phn ca thc
vt nh SO2, NO2... c th lm rng hoa, l, gy tc ng mnh m ti nng xut
cy trng. S tng cao c ca nc l nguyn nhn dn ti ngn cn s
pht trin ca loi thc vt thu sinh.
Cc yu t chnh sau y s nh hng ti a dng sinh hc ni chung v
ng vt ni ring:
Lu lng xe chy trn tuyn.
n nh dn c trn tuyn v cc khu vc ln cn.
Tui th ca on tuyn
4.3.7. Tc ng lm tng cc tai nn giao thng
Trong giai on hot ng, tai nn giao thng c th s tng trn tuyn
ng mi cng nh trong khu vc d n do cc nguyn nhn sau:
- Do vic tng mt giao thng,
106
- Do vic tng tc ca cc ng c.
Cc tc ng trn s gy hu qu ng k nu khng c bin php phng
trnh v gim nh hp l. Cc bin php lm gim cc tc ng trn c xut
trong Chng sau.
107
CHNG V
CC BIN PHP KHC PHC V GIM THIU TC NG MI
TRNG CA D N
Nhm hn ch ti a cc tc ng tiu cc ca d n n mi trng ng
thi to s thch nghi do s xut hin ca d n i vi mi trng th cc bin
php gim thiu cc tc ng c coi trng hng u. Cc bin php gim thiu
cng pht huy nhng vai tr tch cc ca d n nhm mc tiu cui cng l d n
s mang li nhng hiu qu hu ch v hn ch ti a cc tc ng tiu cc khng
mong mun. Nh vy vic gim thiu s c thc sut qu trnh thi cng cng
nh khi khai thc d n sau ny nhm loi b gn nh hon ton cc tc ng
tim n gy hu qu xu cho mi trng trc mt cng nh lu di.
Nhng bin php gim thiu cc tc ng x hi cng l vn cn phi
quan tm v gii quyt kp thi, trong phi lu ti s quan tm ch o ca
cc cp Chnh quyn c s v s tham gia ca cng ng. Nh vy cc vn x
hi s t chu s tc ng v kp thi ngn chn nhng din bin mang tnh cht
tiu cc.
Lu rng thc thi cc bin php gim thiu cc Nh thu xy dng
cn b tr mt cn b chuyn trch v Mi trng theo di v ch dn c th
vic lng ghp cc bin php gim thiu nhim trong sut qu trnh xy dng
con ng l ht sc cn thit. Tt c cc cng nhn tham gia vo d n xy
dng ng trc trung tm th mi M linh cn thit phi c tuyn truyn,
gio dc nhng kin thc ti thiu nht v gn gi, bo v mi trng.
5.1. Bin php gim thiu trong giai on thit k v thi
cng
5.1.1.Cc bin php gim thiu tc ng n kinh t-x hi v di dn
Vic xc nh v tr tuyn phi m bo p ng c yu cu trnh di
chuyn cc h dn, v gim ti a khi lng o p. Cn tuyn truyn cho
ngi dn hiu r mc tiu, ngha v li ch ca tuyn ng i vi nhim v
pht trin kinh t x hi ca khu vc, tnh, huyn v x phng ni c tuyn
ng chy qua.
Cng khai ho v tr quy hoch ca tuyn ng (Phng n tuyn) ti cc
lng x cng sm cng tt ngi dn bit c mc nh hng ca tuyn
ng ti t ai, nh ca rung vn v cc cng trnh cng cng nh hng
trc tip ti tm l ca ngi dn.
Vic n b nh ca, t ai, m m, rung vn phi c quy nh c th
v thng nht trnh thit thi cho dn to tm l t nguyn v thoi mi cho
ngi dn khi phi di chuyn ti ni mi.
Vic di dn ti nh c phi m bo tho mn cho ngi dn phi di
chuyn c iu kin sng tt hn ni c,v h c c hi tm kim vic lm tng
108
thu nhp n nh cuc sng. C th c cc gii php dy ngh, o to hng

nghip cho con chu h, cn c bit quan tm i vi cc h dn c thuc din
c thn hoc gi yu khng c ni nng ta.
C th nh sau:
Vic n b phi c tin hnh ti tng h dn trn
nguyn tc cng khai, cng bng, hp l. Gi c n b da trn
nhng quy nh khung gi ca Chnh ph, UBND Tnh Vnh
Phc c xem xt gi t thc t ti a phng v gi n b
ca cc d n v ang c trin khai trn cng a bn,
quy nh gi n b.
Vic n b thit hi v t:
+ Ngi c nh nc giao t s dng vo mc ch no
th khi nh nc thu hi t c n b bng cch giao t c
cng mc ch s dng thay th hoc bng tin theo gi
t c cng mc ch s dng. i vi t ti th t, th trn,
khi nh nc thu hi th c nh nc n b ch yu bng nh
hoc bng tin.
+ Ngi s dng t bt hp php khi b nh nc thu hi
khng c n b thit hi v t v phi t chu mi chi ph
tho d gii to mt bng theo yu cu ca nh nc.
+ Khi thu hi ton b t phng n gii quyt nh sau:
Nu din tch ang s dng thc t nh hn din tch theo
tiu chun t cho mt ch s dng t th c xem xt
gii quyt theo mt trong ba phng n sau:
Phng n 1: n b bng t theo din tch ang thc
t.
Phng n 2: n b bng tin v c mua nh theo gi
kinh doanh.
Phng n 3: n b bng din tch ang thc t hp
php v c giao thm
cho bng din tch mt l tiu
109
chun nhng phi np tin phn din tch thm theo gi t

theo quy nh hin hnh.
Vic n b thit hi v ti sn:
+ i vi nh , vt kin trc v cc cng trnh gn lin
vi t c n b vi gi tr hin c ca cng trnh. Gi tr
ny c xc nh bng t l (%) gi tr cn li ca cng trnh
nhn vi gi xy dng mi theo mc gi chun do UBND Tnh
Vnh Phc ban hnh theo quy nh ca nh nc.
+ Trng hp gi tr cn li ca nh v cc cng trnh ph
tr qu thp, mc n b khng xy dng ngi nh mi c
tiu chun k thut tng ng vi ngi nh b ph d th h
gia nh c th c n b thm nhng tng mc n mc
n b khng vt qu gi xy dng mi theo gi chun do a
phng ban hnh ca ngi nh c cng tiu chun k thut.
+ i vi nh ca, vt kin trc hoc cng trnh c th
tho ri v di chuyn n ch mi lp rp c th ch
n b b chi ph tho d, vn chuyn, lp t li v chi ph
vt t hao ht trong qu trnh vn chuyn lp t. Mc n
b ti a khng vt qu 10% gi chun ca ngi nh cng tiu
chun k thut do UBND Tnh ban hnh v m bo cho mi
gia nh phi di chuyn ch c tr cp v di chuyn.
- Vic n b thit hi v di chuyn m m: i vi vic di
chuyn m m, mc tin di chuyn c tnh cho ton b
chi ph o, bc, di chuyn v xy dng li theo ng thc
trng.
Vic n b thit hi i vi cy trng v vt nui:
+ i vi cy trng hng nm v vt nui trn t c mt
nc tnh bng gi tr sn lng thu hoch ca mt v tnh theo
110
thu hoch bnh qun ca ba v trc theo gi nng sn, thu

sn thc t a phng ti thi Im n b.
+ i vi cy trng lu nm : Nu cy trng ang thi
k xy dng c bn hoc mi bt u thu hoch th n b
ton b chi ph u t ban u, chm sc n thi Im thu
hi.
+ Nu cy trng ang thi k thu hoch th n b
theo gi tr cn li ca vn cy.
+ Nu l cy lu nm thu hoch mt ln th n b ton
b chi ph u t ban u v chi ph chm sc tnh n thi
im thu hi t.
+ Nu l cy lu nm n thi hn thanh l th ch
n b chi ph cho vic cht h cho ch s hu trng cy.
Trong d n ny chng ti xut phng n nh sau:
* i vi t :
+ Din tch t th c trn ton tuyn cn GPMB l 2,97
ha th khi thnh lp khu ti nh c s c din tch d kin 7
ha. Trong m bo din tch t trung khu ti nh c
khng nh hn din tch thc t ang , phn din tch tng
thm ch h s phi tr tin cho din tch .
+ Ngoi ra mi h cn c h tr t dch v ca t
(mi h tnh 6 khu, mi khu tiu chun 3m2):18m2/ h.
Tng s 44 h cn:
44*18m2 = 792m2.
+ Dn c sng ti a phng no th s ti nh c ngay
ti a phng . t s dng cho ti nh c s ly t t
nng nghip chuyn i mc ch s dng.
* i t nng nghip: i vi t nng nghip b thu hi
s c n b bng tin. Ngoi ra mi so t (360 m2) c h
111
tr mt din tch t dch v 10 m2 h tr chuyn i

ngh nghip.
T chc thc hin.
Khi c quyt nh thu hi t ca c quan nh nc c
thm quyn, UBND Tnh ch o lp hi ng n b GPMB.
Hi ng n b GPMB tham mu cho UBND Tnh thc hin
vic n b thit hi v t v ti sn cho ngi b thu hi
t. Ch Tch UBND Tnh chu trch nhim quyt nh phng n n b theo ngh ca ban ch o thu hi t.
T chc, c nhn c t b thu hi c quyn k khai
din tch, hng t, loi t, v tr t, s lng ti snhin
c trn t gi UBND x, phng, th trn ni c t b thu hi.
UBND X, Phng, Th trn kim tra xc nhn vo tng bn
k khai tng hp bo co tnh hnh s dng qu t dng
n b thit hi ti x bo co cho UBND Qun, Huyn, Th
x, Thnh ph v gi cho Ban ch o thu hi t.
Hi ng n b GPMB xc nh tng mc n b cho
ton b din tch phi thu hi. T chc vic giao t c trch
nhim trc tip vic n b bng tin hoc vic tr tr cp
(nu c) cho ngi b thu hi.
Cc n v thc thi d n, cc UB GPMB, n b, UBND
cc cp thc thi cc k hoch hnh ng n b, thanh ton
cc khon n b, chun b khu ti nh c, chuyn nhng t
ai v cng vic di di, quan tm ti cc vn rc ri ny
sinh trong qu trnh thc hin .
Phng n ti nh c.
+ Nguyn tc chung xc nh phng n:
112
Vic xc nh khu vc ti nh c, quy m xy dng khu

ta nh c, iu kin h tng c s, i sng vn ho x hi,
trnh dn tr l vn rt quan trng i vi cc h gia
nh nm trong khu vc gii to. Tm l cc h gia nh l
mun cuc sng ca h t b xo trn so vi ni c v u
mong mun n ni c iu kin tt hn, y cng l vn
quan tm ca cc cp lnh o i vi cc d n phi gii
phng mt bng.
Cn phi tin hnh trc cng tc t tng v nghe nhng
xut, kin ca ngi dn trong din phi n b, nguyn
vng ca ngi dn i vi khu vc ti nh c. Cn gii thch
r cho ngi dn v tnh quan trng v cp thit ca vic xy
dng tuyn ng v ni r quyn li ca h trong vic di di
khi xy dng tuyn ng, nhm trnh s bt hp tc ca ngi
dn dn n chm tin d n v c bit l lm mt
lng tin ca dn.
Cng vic ti nh c phi c trin khai trc bc xy dng
cc cng trnh phc li cng cng v c bit phi quan tm
n vic hc tp ca hc sinh, iu kin sc kho ca ph n
v ngi gi, do vy cn phi quan tm n cc cng trnh nh
in, ng trng, trm nhm phc v nhu cu cp thit ca
ngi dn khi chuyn n ni mi.
Cn thit lp ban ti nh c vi nhng ngi c kinh
nghim do y l cng vic nhy cm, d xy ra tranh chp.
Trn phi c ra ban gim st thc hin cng vic ti nh
c, nhm chng vic tiu cc trong qu trnh thc hin cng tc
ti nh c.
Vic phn chia t ai khu ti nh c yu cu phi
lm dn ch, cng khai, cng bng.
113
Khu ti nh c phi c xy dng theo hng hon thin,

th vn minh, hin i.
Cc vn cn lu khi quyt nh v tr khu ti nh
c:
+ S phn tn ca cc nhm gia tc h hng.
+ S mt i tnh ho nhp vi cc cng ng c.
+ S gin on giao lu vi cc truyn thng vn ho.
+ S mai mt ca cc h thng, truyn thng phong tc
ca cng ng.
+ S xo trn sinh hot ca cc h dn.
+ S duy tr tnh tng h trong sinh hot hng ngy cng
nh trong mu sinh.
+ Mu thun ny sinh gia cc h dn trong khu ti
nh c.
- V quy m xy dng khu ti nh c:
+ Kt cu h tng v cc cng trnh cng cng:
Phi m bo xy dng h thng thot nc khng b
ng ngp trong bt c tnh hung no.
Phi c h thng cung cp nc sch dng cho cc h dn
n sng trong khu ti nh c.
Phi xy dng cc trm cung cp in cho ton b khu
ti nh c.
H thng trng hc, cy xanh, cc cng trnh cng cng,
khu vui chi gii tr cho tr em.
+ V nh :
Chia l t ri bn cho cc h c t hp php b gii to.
Xy dng cc khu nh cao tng ri bn cho cc h dn
theo nguyn tc h no trc y gn mt ng s c u
114
tin mua cc cn h tng di, xem xt tnh im theo thang

im cho cc h dn mua cc cn h tng thp n cao.
Quy nh n b t th c.
i vi t th:
+ Cc h b nh hng cn t li li pha sau >=
40m2 th coi nh cn v khng thu hi, n b mnh
t cn li ny. Nu mnh t b gii to pha trc >= 40m2
th n b bng t i cc khu TC, nu <= 40m2 th
n b bng tin.
+ Cc h b nh hng cn t li pha sau < 40m2, nu
ph hp vi quy hoch a phng v ch h mun li th
ng li khng thu hi n b, nu khng th n b
cng vi t b gii to pha trc.
*Nu tng din tch c n b < 40m2 th c n b
bng tin hoc di chuyn ti khu TC tp trung theo din tch
ti thiu do a phng quy nh, c i tr chnh lch,
hoc ph hp vo iu kin tham chiu ca i tc ti tr.
*Nu tng din tch n b >= 40m2 th ch yu n
b bng di chuyn ti khu TC tp trung. Nu t khu TC tp
trung khng th n b din tch t b thu hi th phn
cn li mi tin hnh n b bng tin.
i vi t nng thn: p dng tng t nh i vi t
th nhng vi mc gii hn l 100m2 (thay cc ch s 40m2
bng 100m2 trong cc cng thc trn).
Hnh thc v quy m cc khu TC:
Cc khu TC tp trung:
+ S h ti thiu: 10h
+ Cc h phi cam kt bng vn bn vi ban GPMB a
phng, ghi r din tch tng h v tng din tch khu TC
115
+ Quyt nh ca UBND tnh, thnh ph v ch trng

cho lp khu TC dng vo mc ch GPMB phc v d n, cho
php tin hnh la chn v tr ph hp vi quy hoch a phng.
+ Khu TC tp trung c 3 loi:
Loi nh: 10 30 h
Loi trung: 31 60 h
Loi ln : trn 60 h
Ti nh c phn tn :
+ Trong trng hp c bit khi tng s h dn trong
cm <10 h hoc ln hn nhng do c th ca a phng
khng th t chc gom li cng chung sng trn mt khuTC
tp trung, c yu cu phn tn chnh ng c a phng
xem xt v chp nhn th d n gii quyt phng n TC
phn tn.
+ Din tch cc h, kinh ph xy dng, kinh ph h tr
tinh theo cc quy nh hin hnh nh nc.
Nhng bin php bo v mi trng, nhm nng cao cht lng cuc sng
s c tuyn truyn v gio dc ng thi trong qu trnh trin khai gii phng
mt bng cho cc h dn b di chuyn hoc cc khu dn c dc hai bn tuyn
ng. Nhm phng nhng bin c mi trng xy ra ti khu ti nh c hoc
cc khu dn c khi cc quy hoch ca a phng b ph v, i sng x hi c
nhng yu t thay i.
5.1.2.Cc bin php phng chng ngp ng
Trong qu trnh la chn hng tuyn cn phi tnh ton khng lm i
hng dng chy ca cc thu vc v ca sng ngi, khu ca cc cu m
bo khng lm thu hp dng chy ca cc dng sng. c bit l vic b tr cc
tr cu phi m bo khng lm bin ng ti lu lng dng chy v khng
c lm thay i ch thu lc ca dng chy sng C l.
S bin i ny s gy ra nguy c st l v xm thc b sng. Vic b tr
cc cng tiu thot nc phi tnh ton ph hp v p ng c nhu cu thot
nc trong iu kin lu lng dng chy l ln nht v m bo mc nc phi
cn bng gia hai bn ng nh khi cha c s xut hin ca tuyn ng.
116
Tuyn ng ct qua mt s con phng h l lt nh sng C L. Do

vy cc nh xy dng phi ht sc thn trng khi thit k v thi cng cu, cng
v c bit nghim cm khai thc t, ct vng gn v b sng nhm loi tr
kh nng gy st l vo ma l .
V xm thc v xi l
trnh xi mn, p dng cc bin php sau y khi thi cng
ng :
- Nu iu kin cho php, cc vng m gia cc ng vo cng trng v cc mt nc;
- Thit k dc ng v h sao cho phng xi
mn;
- D kin hp ng cng tc bo v v gia c t b b
trn.
- Thc hin sm nht vic bo v ny trong lc thi cng.
Khi cp t, san t, o t hay o h : trnh xi mn
trong nhng vng ang thi cng, p dng cc bin php sau :
- Gim phm vi v thi hn l cc vng b thi cng;
- Khi hon cnh cho php, t mu t cc vng b cp c
ring v gi gn dng li ti vng mun trng cy;
- Sa li trong thi hn ngn nht mi din tch b bc l,
c bit cc taluy, bng mt trong nhng bin php bo v
chng xi mn nu trn.
i vi mi trng nc
Trnh nhng tc ng lm thay i ng k cc dng nc hin c trong vng ln cn con ng.
Trng c, gia c , trong knh dn nc v xy dng cc
cng trnh nhm phn tn cc knh dn chnh.
To b lng cha bn cht thi, cht nhim v rc trong
nc thi trc khi chy xung h lu.
Mi trng sinh thi - H ng thc vt
Khng chn ni khai thc vt liu cho cc on ng ti
cc vng t t, m ly.
Trng cy ti nhng vng t d tr cho ng sau ny v
ti cc khu vc gn k. To lp m dc theo ngun nc bng
cch khi phc li cc lp ph thc vt trong hnh lang ng.
117
5.2.Cc bin php gim thiu nhim trong giai on thi

cng
5.2.1.Cc bin php gim thiu nhim khng kh
gim cc tc ng n mi trng khng kh trong gai on thi cng, cc
nh thu v ch u t phi m bo c cc bin php gim thiu sau :
Xy dng ni quy sinh hot, b tr h chn rc v khu v sinh ng

qui nh v hp v sinh. Cc cht thi t con ngi c bit rc thi, nc
thi phi c thu gom v x l. To thc v tnh k lut cao cho cng
nhn trc tip lm vic trn cng trng. Nhng nh hng do h gy ra
s tc ng n sc kho ca chnh h v cng ng dn c.
Ni lm ln tri phi c ni qui sinh hot, yu cu mi ngi tun

th cc bin php gi gn v sinh chung, rc ng ni quy nh, v sinh
ng ni v c c ngi trc nht tin hnh cc bin php che ph hng
ngy.
Trong trng hp rc thi t ln tri cng trng khng c cng

ty v sinh th thu gom, rc phi c thu gom v chn lp ng ni quy
nh ti mi khu ln tri. V tr o h rc phi t cui hng gi so vi
khu ln tri, cch xa khu ln tri t nht 300m, ng thi phi xa ngun
nc gn nht 500m. Tt nht l chn ni t t c kh nng thm nc
o h rc. Nu khu vc lm ln tri vng t ti xp d thm nc th
cn m nn y h rc bng m tay to cht v dng xng c nhn
v cc mt bn ca h bt bt l xp nhm hn ch s r r ca nc rc
cng nh s thot kh rc. Trong trng hp cho php c th dng lp lt
dy bng vi a k thut hay tm polyme. Kh hydrogen sulphide (H 2S) v
cc kh khc do qu trnh phn hu sinh hc cc cht thi to ra s c mi
hi thi c bit cc bi rc h, nguy him hn nu trong cht thi c
ln cc cht nguy hi th c th c kh c hi thot ra do qa trnh phn
hu. Hng ngy cn nn rc bng m tay v ph t ln mt thong ca rc
mt lp t/ tro bp/ x than mng.
B tng nha mua ti ng Anh - H Ni. Ct si ly t Sng L i

theo ng thu, ly ti M i li, Trung mu, Bo qun vn chuyn
bng ng b. Xi mng ly t Hi Phng vn chuyn bng ng b,
ng st
Cc bin php gim thiu nu trn cn c p dng nhm hn ch ngun gy

nhim khng kh t hot ng ca cng nhn cng trng. gim thiu
ngun gy nhim khng kh do s hot ng ca cc trang thit b, my mc ti
cng trng, ch yu l cc loi kh c CO, NOx, SO 2, CxHy, cn p dng cc
bin php gim thiu nh:
La chn cc thit b my mc m bo cc tnh nng k thut c

bit l cc ch s kh thi. Phi thng xuyn kim tra v bo dng. Theo
di tnh trng thit b my mc. Tun th cc quy nh v kim nh cc
118
phng tin giao thng. m bo cc thit b thi kh, gy n, rung t tiu

chun v m bo cc ch s an ton giao thng ng theo quy nh ca
Nh nc v mc x thi ca cc phng tin giao thng.
B GTVT v B TN&MT ban hnh cc qui ch bo dng xe

tho mn cc tiu chun thi t xe, gp phn lm gim tc ng xu t
thit b v xe c. Yu cu cc n v tham gia xy dng phi s dng cc
my xy dng t TCVN v lng kh c x thi.
Ngoi hai ngun nhim trn, nguy c nhim bi l rt ln trong c qu
trnh xy dng v khai thc d n. c bit trong giai on xy dng, qu
trnh vn chuyn t, , ct, si vv. gim thiu ngun gy nhim bi
cn p dng cc bin php phng trnh nh :
Lm m vt liu ti mt gii hn nht nh bi khng b li cun v pht

tn trong qu trnh vn chuyn c bit i vi ct.
Cc tuyn ng chuyn tr phi c phun nc v hn ch ti a vic lm
ri vi vt liu. Cc xe chuyn tr vt liu phi c bt che ph kn. Cn c
ch v sinh cc tuyn ng chuyn tr vt liu. Cc tuyn ng nha
th dng bin php thu dn v sinh, phun nc. Cc tuyn ng t th san
gt v dng my lu nn cht nh k hoc thng xuyn ng thi thng
xuyn phun nc lm m . Trnh tnh trng cy xi lp t mt ca tuyn
ng.
Ti cc m khai thc phi thc hin ng cc quy nh v khai thc m, vic
khai thc phi m bo sch, gn v phi xy dng k hoch khai thc ph
hp vi nhu cu ca cng trng.
Gn ch xy dng c b tr vi phun nc c th lm m thng xuyn
vt liu trong iu kin kh hanh. Dng thit b phun nc trong thi gian
kh hanh trnh cho gi cun bi ct t nhng vng t trn tri. Cn c bin
php che chn cc bi vt liu cha dng n.
5.2.2.Cc bin php thiu ting n v rung
i vi cc trm trn b tng v cc a im xy dng cn p dng cc
bin php gim n, rung sau y:
m bo vic ct, , si v cc thng cha c tin hnh lc

ban ngy, xp d hng xe ti, vic trn va v bm va cn tin hnh
vo gi lm vic bnh thng hoc cch xa khu dn c.
Cn thay thit b rung bng ba cho cc cng vic ngay gn khu

dn c.
La chn dng cc loi thit b xy dng v phng php tin hnh

sao cho c n v rung thp.
Trng cy c th gim ting n vi vi iu kin cy c trng

dy, cao v rng.
119
Hnh lang chn n b tr ngay cnh ng, nhm gim ting n t

dng giao thng n khu n c.
Ch s dng cc thit b nng vo ban ngy, khng dng vo ban

m, km theo vic thng tin, bo trc cho dn c trong vng.
Trang b cho cng nhn v dn c b nh hng nhng thit b bao

tai chng n cng nh khu trang trnh ting n cng cao v bi.
5.2.3.Cc bin php gim thiu nhim nc

gim thiu nhim cht lng nc gy ra do nc thi t cc khu vc
ln tri ca cng nhn cng trng, cng nh m bo cht lng nc v
kim sot nc thi cc bin php nu sau cn c p dng trong sut qu trnh
thi cng, xy dng tuyn ng:
Khng chn v tr t vt liu hoc khng chn cc a
im sn xut trong vng nhy cm (nh gn ni ly nc ung).
Trnh nhng im tp trung ngun nc.
Vn cp v thot nc cho cng trng v ti ni cng
nhn trong giai on thi cng c t chc v qun l tt,
m bo tin nghi ti thiu cho cng nhn trn cc on ng thi cng, ngn nga bnh dch lan truyn v lm nhim
ngun nc.
i vi nhng ni c ngun nc, trnh vic chn dng nc
li v nc ng c th gy e do n sc kho cho ngi s
dng nc. C cc bin php ngn chn v gim thiu cht thi
ca cc i thi cng xy dng vo ngun nc. Bin php ny
bao gm vic s dng cc h thng v sinh di ng v vn
chuyn cht thi n nhng ni chn lp thch hp.
i vi nc thi sinh hot ca cng nhn xy dng v nc
thi t ni trn vt liu : Lm kt t hoi cho tng khu vc c
ln tri ca cng nhn. Thi vo h thng thu gom ring, x l
qua by cn v kh kim ri mi cho thot qua h thng
chung.
C th l:
Dng cc bn cha di ng, thu gom nc thi x l. Hoc c

th dng cc loi bn t hoi cho tng khu vc thu gom v dng cc ch
phm vi sinh x l trc tip sau thi ra mi trng. Nc thi ny sau x
l c th dng ti cho cy trng.
Cm thi cht thi rn (cht thi xy dng, ct, ...) v du cn ca

thit b xy dng vo ngun nc. Hn ch lm tng c ca nc trong
qu trnh no vt.
Cm thi cht thi sinh hot t cc ln tri ca cng nhn vo ngun

nc, cht thi rn, cht thi sinh hot c thu gom vn chuyn ti bi x
l.
120
Hn ch ti a vic tc ng vo dng chy t nhin nh v tr cc

cu cng. Trnh thu hp t ngt cc dng chy cng nh t cc tr cu cn
dng chy, cc k bo v taluy ng, cu ti cc lu vc c nguy c xut
hin tai bin mi trng cao, cn tng h s an ton khi thit k thi cng
cng trnh qua cc sng.
Lp t h thng thot nc, m bo tiu thot nc nhanh. Trong

phm vi cng trng thi cng, cn to cc b lng lng ng cht thi rn,
cht nhim trc khi chy xung h lu.
B mt thao tc ca trm trn b tng cn c xy dng trn mt

sn ct m bo ton b nc thot ra c cch ly vi mch nc ngm
trong vng.
Thot nc bn cn c dn theo rnh vo mt h lng ly li

ct sch v va xi mng. Nc trong mi h lng c th dng li bng cch
bm n tr li khu vc trn va hay khu vc ra xe.
Bo v b mt t d b thng tn bng thm cy bi, c v trng

cng sm cng tt trn cc b mt d b xi mn gim thiu nhim nc
do cc lp bn cn gy ra.
Thu gom du m bi trn trit , trnh khng lm trn lm

nhim nc trong cc bi thit b v trong cc trm nha ng, xe ch b
tng.
Ngn cm cht thi c hi trong xy dng thi ra sng C L hoc

knh mng, ng rung.
Tt c cc l khoan khi thi cng cc khoan nhi u phi c lt

bng mt lp vn khun kn c th kht ngay trong khi khoan.
- Cm khng c t cc cht thi ngoi tri, tr t cnh,
cy, l kh.
- Nhng vt vn trong xy dng s ti sinh nu c th c.
Lp xe v cc sn phm cao su khc hoc nha khng c t
v khi t chng rt nguy him cho sc kho con ngi, cho sc
vt, cy ci. Nhng vt liu ny phi c gom vo mt ni
thch hp, sau thu hi hoc chn.
5.2.4. Cc bin php gim thiu nhim mi trng t

Cc bin php nu sau cn c thc hin hn ch s nhim t v
trm tch do hot ng xy dng gy nn:
Qun l cht cc ngun thi rn nh rc thi, du m, cc trm trn

b tng.
Phi c cc bn cha ngun thi sinh hot cng cng lu ng v

a i x l ni c quy nh.
121
Ti cc khu vc nhy cm, cn xy dng cc b lng trc khi cho

ngun thi ra ngoi.
5.2.5. Cc bin php gim thiu tc ng n a dng sinh hc v ti nguyn

sinh vt
Trong giai on vn hnh, gim thiu cc tc ng tiu cc n a dng
sinh hc v ti nguyn sinh cn thc hin cc chng trnh sau:
Ph cp kin thc c bn v mi trng cho cc hc sinh ti v c dn
trong khu vc nhm nng cao s hiu bit v mi trng cng nh thc
gi gn v bo v mi trng.
T chc cc chng trnh mi trng cho dn a phng nhm gi gn
mi trng tt trong khu vc
Kim tra nh k iu kin sng ca h thy sinh trong khu vc.
Duy tr, bo dng cc h thng mng rnh v knh thot nc.
Trng cy xanh v gi cc thm c t nhin.
5.2.6. Cc bin php gim thiu st l v xi mn t
phng trnh tnh trng xi mn t th ti khu vc khai thc t cn
gii php la ch v tr ph hp, dc ca a hnh thp trnh nguy c st l,
thng xuyn lm cng tc v sinh m khai thc, lp t mt v t ri vi phi
c thu gom ng ni quy nh hoc c th dng my lu nn cht v che
ph bng lp thm thc vt. Tuyt i khng c vo cc dng chy cn
hoc cc khu vc gn ng rung.
i vi tuyn ng, cn dng bin php thi cng nhanh tng on. Sau
khi hon thnh lp mt tin hnh che ph cc taluy bng lp c hoc c nhng
on nguy c s ln v xi l cao th phi k hoc gch xi mng nh khu vc
cc u cu, ming cng vv
Qu trnh xi mn t thng xy ra ti cc khu khai thc t, vt liu lm
nn ng v mt ng khi thi cng, cc khu vc khi khai thc c sn dc cao
do b tc ng vo a hnh v taluy ng. Bin php gim thiu l ngn chn
qu trnh to dng chy bng cc lp ph thc vt. Thng thng l trng c
hoc trong trng hp cp thit phi dng cc loi vi polyme che chn.
Cc m khai thc vt liu nh t, , ct si phi tun th nghim ngt
cc quy inh v khai thc m v cc bin php bo v mi trng. H thng thot
nc ma phi c b tr nhng v tr ph hp, trnh nhng v tr nhy cm c
th gy ra st l t. Cc rnh thi phi b tr v tnh ton c th thot nhanh v
ph hp vi a hnh.
Nhng k hoch iu khin s xi mn a hnh c bit v qu trnh to
bn lng nn c chun b v c thc hin trc bt k cc hot ng o t
no. V d, cc hng ro chn bn cn nn c xy dng ngay trn cc vng
lm vic ng ranh gii cnh cc m ly, cc h thng dn nc, cc dng
chy v cc khu vc nc khc. Cc phng tin iu khin tm thi khc bao
122
gm cc b cha bn lng v cc b thm lm i hng dng chy, cc vng

m thc vt, cc vt cn lm phn tn nng lng nc, vic gieo ht ph cy
non trn t mi p.
Hn ch pht quang lp ph thc vt ; trng li cy v phc hi nhanh
chng thm thc vt ti nhng vng t bc lp ph thc vt ; trnh nhng
tuyn c nhy cm cao. Trng cy ti nhng vng t l v ti cc mi dc
nhm gim st l v gi n nh mi dc. iu ny phi c cam kt thc hin
cng sm cng tt trong qu trnh xy dng v trc khi xm thc tr ln mnh
m. Thm thc vt (c) c la chn, p ng nhu cu chng xi mn phi c
kh nng to ra lin kt b mt nh l mt lp o gip chng xi l v bo mn.
Mt yu t quan trng hn ch xi l v gim dng bi tch trong ngun
nc l khng ch lu lng, v tr v tc dng nc ti khu vc gn k cc
vng t l v mi dc. Mt vi k thut thng s dng l : Ngn cc dng
nc v gom chng li trc khi chng ti cc khu vc trn. ng thi, iu
chnh knh dn lm trch hng dng chy sao cho lu lng khng tr ln qu
ln. Nhng vt liu t nhin c kh nng lm gim nng lng dng nc nh
cc nhm cc, bi c, cc tng , v cc cy t nhin cn c xem xt v duy
tr ; thit k cc cng trnh bng b tng lm chm dng nc bo trong cc knh
dn v gim xi l pha h lu.
gi n nh mi dc nhm chng ch xi mn cn phi thit k cc
dng mi dc, thot nc ph hp. S dng k thut duy tr cc mi dc tht
s cn thit khi : mi dc khng n nh v qu cao v qu dc ; c nhng e do
xi l do nhng nt n cc b hoc do vic thot nc kh khn ; v cn thit
phi gim khi lng o khi m chiu rng cho php m ng b hn ch.
Nhng gii php k thut bo v mi dc, bao gm : n nh ng o, to
rnh thu nc ti nh v chn dc. Mng thu nc v p trn thng c s
dng khng ch nc chy xung mt dc. To bc gim dc. K v
chn xen ln trng cy vo mt mi dc lm chn tng chn, gia c t to ra
tng chn vi nhng neo su vo t, phun b tng hoc s dng vi a k
thut.
Nhng bin php b xung sau y cng cn c cn nhc khi x l :
La chn thi k thi cng tt nht (trnh thi k ma ma) hn

ch nguy him do xi l, to ch thch hp cha lp t hu c v s dng
li chng sau ny.
Ngoi ra, c th s dng bin php n b bng cch khi phc li

v chuyn t sang cc dng x dng khc nh chuyn m khai thc
t, thnh h nc nui c.
Chn cc khu khai thc vt liu ni c dc nh, lp li ngay

cc h khai thc vt liu sau khi khai thc xong v tin hnh trng cy.
Nc ma thot t khu vc xy dng ra cn phi lc qua mt h

lc, nhm gom cc cht thi nng trong h lng trc khi thot ra ngoi.
123
Nc ma t khu vc khng xy dng, cn c hng chy chch

khi khu cng trng v gi dng chy t nhin tch ring ra khi dng
nc thot ra t cng trng.
Vi ton tuyn ng cn gim ti a thi gian t l thin : sau

khi san i, m ln phi tin hnh tri nha ngay (vi phn mt ng) v
trng c hoc lt sm nht (vi mt taluy) v tun th nghim ngt cc
qui nh k thut v ni ly t, lng t p ; v tr, s lng, kch c
rnh thot nc ; v tr, kch c h cha nc gn ng.
5.2.7. Cc bin php gim thiu tai nn giao thng v tai nn lao ng
S gia tng cc xe chuyn tr vt liu ti cc tuyn ng giao ct
nhng vng m trc y lu lng xe rt t, s gy ra tai nn giao thng. c
bit i vi tr em ti cc lng x vng nng thn v hc sinh v vy cn b tr
ngi ch dn phng tin giao thng hoc b sung cc loi bin bo v tn hiu
tuyn truyn ph bin cho ngi dn thng qua cc t chc chnh tr x hi nh :
Hi Cu Chin Binh, Ngi cao tui, t chc Hi Ph n, on Thanh nin.
nhc nh ngi dn v con em h v tnh trng giao thng v nhng tai nn giao
thng c th xy ra.
Ngoi ra hn ch tai nn lao ng v tai nn giao thng trong thi gian
thi cng, cc cng trnh sau cn c cn nhc:
a. H thng bo hiu:
H thng bo hiu thit k theo ng qui nh trong iu l bo hiu ng
b TCN 237-01. Vt liu cc bin bo hiu dng tn v sn phn quang.
b. Cy xanh:
Gii php chng lo mt do n pha ca xe chy ng c chiu v ban m
phi trng cy trn di phn cch. Cc loi cy phi xanh 4 ma, cy c tn l
rm khong cch 3m/cy.
c. Chiu sng trn ng :
B tr chiu sng ti cc v tr ang xy dng.
d. Lan can phng h:
Trn di phn cch b tr lan can phng h 2 bn bng tn ln sng.
Trn di l trng c, b tr lan can phng h bng tn ln sng 2 bn.
e. Hng ro li thp:
B tr hng ro li thp 2 bn ng, cch chn ta luy mi bn 3m, chiu
cao hng ro 1,50m. Dng thp hnh ch L lm ct v khung, li B40.
g. Sn k ng:
Dng sn phn quang k vch phn ln, b rng mi vch 0,2m, nt
lin.
124
5.2.8. Cc bin php gim thiu cc tc ng kinh t -x hi

Nhng tc ng x hi ngoi mun c th pht sinh trong giai on xy
dng nh s va chm, mu thun gia ngi dn v cng nhn thi cng trn
tuyn ng c bit l cc thanh thiu nin cc a phng, hoc ngi dn
chim dng cc loi phng tin lao ng,vt t trang thit b lao ng ca cc
n v tham gia thi cng trn tuyn. V vy cn phi c s phi hp cht ch gia
chnh quyn a phng vi n v ch u t, cc n v thi cng gio dc v
qun trit mnh m thc chp hnh k lut v tinh thn bo v ti sn nh
nc. Cn lm tt cng tc dn vn vi cc a phng to nn s gip v ng
h ca mi ngi dn v ca chnh quyn a phng.
Xut hin cc loi hnh dch v cung cp lng thc, thc phm cc nhu
yu phm khc cho cc n v tham gia thi cng tuy nhin km theo cc lai hnh
dch v ny l cc loi t nn x hi nh trm cp ti sn ca nh nc v ca
nhn dn, cc t nn ma tu, mi dm v vy phi c s phi hp gia cc chnh
quyn a phng cc cp, c quan ch u t v c bit l lc lng cng an
khu vc can thip kp thi.
Nhm ngn chn v gim ti thiu nh hng n sc khe v ri ro cho
cng nhn lm ng, cn ph cp cc kin thc v phng trnh bnh ngh
nghip v cc bin php an ton lao ng gm. Trang b cc phng tin bo
h lao ng nh : m cng bo him trn cng trng, khu trang, o phn
quang, n tn hiu, c bo, phng h c nhn trong cc cng vic xy dng nguy
him d gy thng tch. Quan tm n v sinh n ung (v sinh thc phm) v
cc iu kin v sinh lao ng khc c bit l vn cp nc sch cho sinh
hot trong qu trnh thi cng trn tuyn ng.
5.2.9. Cc bin php gim thiu nh hng bt li ti a dng sinh hc v
ti nguyn sinh vt
Cc tc ng ln h sinh thi trn ton tuyn ch yu l h sinh thi nng
nghip v mt phn h sinh thi vn i, h sinh thi thy vc. S tc ng s
khng th hin mt cch r nt tuy nhin do nhim bi, nng xut cy trng s
b suy gim. S lng ng cc cht cn l lng s lm suy gim nhiu loi ng
thc vt sng lp bn y. Bin php gim thiu tc ng ti cc h sinh thi
khng nm ngoi cc bin php gim cc tc ng ca cc thnh phn mi
trng.
Cc bin php nu sau y nn c p dng nhm bo v tnh a dng
ca h sinh thi khu vc d n.
a. Bin php tuyn truyn v gio dc:
Tuyn truyn, gio dc cng nhn hiu r v Lut Bo v mi trng, K
hoch hnh ng a dng sinh hc ca Vit Nam v cc vn bn khc c lin
quan n ta nguyn sinh vt nghim chnh chp hnh. ng thi lm cho
125
nhn dn thy r vai tr, ngha v tm quan trng mi trng sinh thi trong
khu vc.
Tuyn truyn, gio dc cho i ng cng nhn trc tip xy dng ng
tun th cc ni quy qui nh v qun l bo v ti nguyn, khng cht ph cy
ba bi, khng sn bt ng vt tu tin.
Cng tc tuyn truyn gio dc tt, nng cao thc ca mi ngi dn v
cng nhn xy dng ng th chc chn mi trng v ti nguyn sinh v t v
cc khu vc ln cn s c bo v tt hn.
b. Gii php k thut:
Cn phi p dng cc my mc v k thut tin tin m ng, xy
dng cu cng, thi cng tng on nhanh gn.
Nhng on qua cc sng, cn xy cu vt cao, m bo cho s lu
thng ca dng chy. Khi thi cng cu v cc on ng hai u cu cn gim
ti thiu vng tc ng ti mi trng sinh thi bng cch s dng tm chn cho
cc hot ng khoan vt, ng cc di nc... nh nu mc gim nhim
nc. Ngoi ra cn p dng cc bin php c th sau:
-
Ti nhng ch hp dng nc cn gim bt chnh cao

to ra dng chy m. chnh cao c gim bt bng cch to cc
khong khng lu ngn dng chy to ra dng chy trn ti ch hp dng,
nu cn th sau mi khong di li chia bc gim trnh cao. Vi
chnh cao nh cc loi thu sinh s c th di chuyn d dng m khng
b nc cun tri hoc b va p vo hai b khi di chuyn.
Gim ti thiu vng tc ng, s dng tm chn cho cc hot

ng xy tr cu di nc. Nh c tm chn c ca vng nc trong
phm vi tm chn tng cao trong sut qu trnh thi cng tr cu song
khng lm lan to c ra vng rng hn, ng thi cc cht rn v cn
lng s lng ngay ti trong khong khng gian ca cc tm chn. To iu
kin cho sinh vt di nc c th di chuyn ra ngoi vng ny v thot
khi nh hng ca c tng cao.
X l cht thi rn
Vic kh cht thi rn c th c tc ng n cht lng
nc chy mt, nc ngm, t v khng kh, n vic s dng
t cng nh cnh p ca vng. Vic kh mt s loi cht thi
rn to ra trong lc thi cng c th i hi nhng bin php
c bit :
- thu gom rc thi sinh hot, ch dng xe ti chuyn dng
ch rc, ch t hay ct liu. Thng xe dn rc phi khng thm
v c lm sao cho kn khng ri rc.
- Trong ln tri, kh rc bng cch chn v sinh, chn trong
ho hoc bng phng php chu o hn (t, ,...).
126
- Rc sinh hot vo ni qui nh hoc xy b cha

sau chn lp hoc t, tun th qui nh nc thi theo
TCVN 5945-1995.
- Cc ph thi t qu trnh thi cng, cc cht thi sinh
hot ca cc i thi cng s c qun l v x ng lc.
- Ch tt c nhng th tha t cng trng - vt liu v
thit b tho ri hoc khng dng n mt ni thu hi
chn lc.
- ring cc th khng dng cho cng trng nhng s dng
li c (thng fuy, g, st vn,...) v gi chng n khi c th
mang i ti s dng.
- Cht thi khi ln khng th vo ch kh b cht thi
rn, s ch n mt khu kho ti ch li.
- Trong khu vc thu hi, ring cc mu kim loi thuc
mi loi ti ch.
- Sau khi xy dng xong, cc nh tm, thit b, g, cht
thi, vt liu tha, hng ro v cc th khc s c mang i,
cc ch thot nc b hng s c sa cha, mi ch o phi c san lp v ph thc vt.
i vi vn an ton lao ng
Trong giai on thi cng, cc hot ng i li v lm vic
trn cng trng phi c m bo an ton cho cng nhn v
hn ch tai nn xy ra.
5.3. Cc bin php gim thiu nhim trong giai on vn
hnh
5.3.1. Cc bin php gim thiu tc ng n cht lng khng kh
Khi ng c a vo khai thc, dng xe chy trn ng s tr thnh
ngun chnh tc ng ti cht lng khng kh. Cc bin php sau s c p
dng:
Bo dng tt xe c s l mt bin php hu hiu nhm gim lng

pht thi t xe. Xy dng cc loi Pano- p phch ph bin cho nhng
ngi tham gia giao thng v trch nhim ca mi ngi dn v thc
trch nhim bo v mi trng.
Vic bt buc phi kim sot qu trnh pht thi ca cc loi phng
tin cng qu trnh kim nh phng tin l bin php hu hiu nht
gim ngun pht thi khng kh ca dng xe.
5.3.2.Cc bin php thiu nhim ting n v rung

Vic gim ting n v rung l yu t lin quan trc tip ti cht lng
ca dng xe c. gim thiu cc tc ng ny i vi khu dn c i hi cn
127
c cc bin ch dn hn ch tc dng xe, cm bp ci khi xe i qua cc khu

vc y cng l nhng yu t quan trng nhm gim nhng nh hng.
5.3.3. Cc bin php gim thiu nhim ngun nc
Cc cng trnh tiu thot nc ma, phi thng xuyn c kim tra, bo
dng, c bit l h thng rnh thot, h thng thu gom, cc b lng phi
thng xuyn c di tu sa cha bo m tt cho vic tiu thot nc. gim
thiu nhng tc ng lm nh hng ti cht lng nc bin php hu hiu l
thc hin ch quan trc nh k pht hin v khc phc sm nhng nguyn
nhn gy nh hng ti cht lng nc ngay t ban u.
Khi con ng i vo hot ng tt yu ko theo qu trnh th ha v
cng nghip ha dc hai bn ng, v th i hi phi c s qun l mi trng
ht sc cht ch m bo pht trin kinh t v mi trng bn vng.
5.3.4. Cc bin php gim thiu cc tc ng kinh t -x hi
gim thiu cc tc ng tiu cc n tnh hnh kinh t-x hi nh
phn tch trn, chnh quyn v nhn dn a phng cn thc hin cc bin php
nh:
D n cn khuyn khch cc cp chnh quyn c lin quan pht

trin cc hot ng phi nng nghip. Mc ch l tng sn phm cng
nghip, gim cc n lc trong nng nghip. V vy, pht trin cc hot
ng phi nng nghip cn c duy tr n nh cng vi cc mc ch
pht trin lu di ti cc vng trong khu vc d n ni ring cng nh xu
hng gim hot ng nng nghip, tng cng cc hot ng cng
nghip v dch v thng mi ca c nc.
Khi tuyn ng i vo hot ng, chnh quyn a phng cn

phn tch cn thn quy hoch s dng t v chun b cc bn a
chnh cho mi x trong khu vc d n, lnh o cc a phng cn thnh
lp cc ranh gii mi gii quyt vn ny.
m bo iu kin sng v giao lu gia c dn sng hai bn

ng, ng giao thng qua cc ng ngang v cc cu chui phi dc
lp t trang thit b chiu sng, m bo an ton v an ninh trong khu
vc.
5.3.5. Cc bin php gim thiu tai nn giao thng
Giai on ny cn thit phi ph bin, tuyn truyn cho nhn dn v cc
bin php an ton giao thng, ph bin tinh thn bo v cc ti sn, cng trnh
phng h nh cc loi lan can, bin bo, h thng chiu sng
T chc hng dn cch phng trnh tai nn giao thng, cch x l khi tai
nn xy ra v lut l giao thng cho dn bn x c bit vi tr em. Do khi ng
c a vo khai thc cc xe c gii s c th tr thnh nguyn nhn gy ra cc
128
tai nn ng tic cho dn, h cn c bit trc cch trnh tai nn bng cch
c ph bin trc cch s dng ng v c cch s cu khi tai nn khng
mong mun xy ra.
Cc bin php c th nh sau cho tng i tng tc ng.
Mi trng t
Cc bin php gim nh tc ng, bt c xi mn trong
thi gian vn hnh tuyn ng phi c thc hin trong thi
gian thi cng tuyn ng c m t trn. Cc bin php
b sung c ngh lin quan n bo dng v bo v cc
bin php sau khi xy dng.
Cn phi duy tr thm thc vt che ph trn cc mt dc
ca nn ng v rnh gia. Vic mt thm che ph ny s dn
n tng cao tc xi mn.
Mi trng nc
B tr h thng thot nc hp l. phng cc trng hp
xng du r r, chy trn xung cc ao, h, sng.
Cn c phng tin ngn du loang hoc dng ho cht
x l.
Cc trm ra xe c x l theo quy nh tiu chun ca
dng x vo cc dng chy hoc ngun nc.
Cc rnh thot nc t cc tuyn ng phi c trang b h
thu ct ti cc im lin quan loi t tri ra khi nc ma.
Cc h lng n gin c th c coi l bin php kinh t nht.
Cn phi duy tr bo dng thng xuyn.
Mi trng khng kh
Lp k hoch gim st cht lng khng kh theo TCVN 5937
- 1995, 5970 -1995 pht hin nhim ti thnh ph, th
trn ng dn c ni c ng i qua, theo TCVN 5938-1995.
Nu pht hin thy c nguy c gy nhim trm trng, phi
c ngay nhng bin php khng ch nhim nh hn ch lng
xe hoc iu chnh kh thi,v.v
Bi trong khng kh c th gim bng cch trng cy ven
ng. Lm v sinh mt ng bng cc xe ht bi chuyn dng
hoc bng cc xe ti nc vo ban m.
Ting n v rung ng
Trng cy gim n c tc dng ln v tm l v tng cht
lng trc quan.
Gim st ch tiu ting n v hn ch tc xe c tc
dng gim ting n trong khu vc mn cm, theo TCVN 59481995.
gim nh rung ng c duy tr trng thi tt,
g phi c sa cha ngay v to c mt phng ti cc on
129
ni nh ni cu. Khng cho php xe qu ti c lu hnh trn ng.

X l cc cht thi
Qui hoch h thng thot nc vo khu vc b lng hoc x
l trc khi dn vo ngun nc t nhin; thu gom rc cng nghip,
rc sinh hot vo cc khu cha rc tp trung thiu t hoc
x l tip theo.
i vi cc trm bn xng du, nc thi c cn du cn c
thit b thu gom v vo ni qui nh.
Cc quy tc v tiu chun v v sinh, thu gom, vn
chuyn v x l ph thi rn do hot ng ca ngi i ng
hoc ca hnh khch phi c thit lp.
Vn an ton
Vai ng v nn ng, cc cc bn h ng, hng cy,
rnh o, mi dc v cc di phn cch, bin bo, b tr cc nt
giao thng; ng nhnh bn h ng, ni xe, phn lung
ring r cho ngi i b, xe th s v xe c gii, b tr hp l
nhm hn ch ti a s c gy tai nn giao thng hoc gii
quyt s c khi n xy ra.
Kim tra cc gii php thit k v an ton trong bo co
ban u v bo co cui cng ca d n kh thi.
Cc k hoch qun l giao thng nh bin bo, tn hiu, b
tr nt giao, knh thot nc, ng nhnh, c thng nht trong
thit k.
130
CHNG VI
Cam kt thc hin cc bin php bo v mi trng khi trin
khai d n ca ban qun l d n
Ban qun l v nh thu xin nghim chnh cam kt thc hin :

- Tiu chun Vit Nam p dng: tun th cc iu khon trong Lut Bo v
mi trng c Quc hi nc Cng ho XHCN Vit Nam thng qua
ti Kho hp 11, k hp th 8 t ngy 18/10/2005 n 29/11/2005 v
Ngh nh ca Chnh ph hng dn thi hnh Lut bo v mi trng
80/2006/N-CP b Tiu chun Vit Nam do B KHCN v Mi trng
ban hnh nm 1995 v cc nm tip theo.
- Vic gim st mi trng s c thc hin thng xuyn bi t vn
gim st hin trng. Sau khi kt thc qu trnh thi cng chng ti cam
kt thu dn ton b ph thi, vt liu tha ti hin trng v tp trung vo
ni qui nh.
- Cam kt thc hin y cc gii php nhm gim thiu tc ng n
mi trng nu trong ni dung bo co ny.
- Cam kt chu trch nhim trc php lut ca Nh nc Cng ho X hi
Ch ngha Vit Nam nu vi phm cc cng c quc t, cc tiu chun
Vit Nam v nhng xut bo v mi trng nu trong bo co.
Trong thi gian thi cng, Ch u t, T vn v Nh phi c trch nhim
trong cng tc gim st mi trng. T vn s c k s gim st hin trng v
lp nht k qun l v gim st mi trng, ni dung bao gm:
Thi gian v ngy quan trc (c bi k s gim st hin trng v ph

thuc vo tin thi cng)
Hng mc quan trc (Tu thuc vo cc yu t mi trng pht sinh: khng

kh, n, nc...)
Phng php quan trc: Tun th theo quy nh tm thi v quan trc cht
lng mi trng do B Ti nguyn v Mi trng ban hnh.
Kt qu quan trc
Thc trng v iu kin mi trng, c bit trong giai on thi cng
131
Nhng xut v d kin nhm qun l mi trng nhm a ra gii php

gii quyt cc vn mi trng pht sinh.
Nhng bt ng ca ngi dn a phng v vn lin quan.
Tin hnh lp t cc thit b gim thiu (nu c cc vn nhim pht

sinh).
Nhng tai bin mi trng pht sinh trong giai on thi cng
1
2
132
CHNG VII
K HOCH QUN L MI TRNG V CHNG TRNH GIM ST
- CC CNG TRNH X L MI TRNG
pht hin cc tc ng mi trng tim tng, nh gi hiu qu ca
cc bin php gim thiu tc ng mi trng tiu cc ca d n trong cc giai
on tin xy dng, xy dng v vn hnh; cn thit phi xy dng v thc hin
mt chng trnh qun l v gim st mi trng.
7.1.c quan qun l chng trnh qun l v gim st
mi trng
Ban qun l d n v nh thu chng ti s chu trch nhim
gim st vic thc hin bo v mi trng ca d n nh:
+ Qun l v thc hin vicquan trc mi trng, bo v mi trng
trong giai on thi cng v khai thc d n.
+ Thc thi cc bin php gim thiu nu trong bo co TM v nhng ni
dung c b sung trong bo co TM c ph chun.
+ nh k bo co vi c quan qun l v mi trng ca
tnh Vnh Phc.
7.2. Chng trnh qun l mi trng
7.2.1. Nguyn tc chung ca chng trnh qun l v gim st mi trng
Cc mc tiu bo v mi trng ca d n c xc nh trn c s cc
yu cu v mi trng gm:
- Tun th cc cam kt bo v mi trng k kt;
- Qun l d n duy tr cc thng s k thut ph hp vi cc yu cu v
mi trng, an ton v sc kho cng nh cc yu cu v ti chnh, sn
xut v thng mi ca d n;
- Ngn nga nhim v duy tr cc cng tc ci thin mi trng.
- Tip tc tm kim cc gii php cng ngh tt nht nhm t c hiu
qu cao v bo v mi trng v ti chnh.
Chng trnh qun l mi trng s m bo:
- Cung cp cc thng tin c lin quan n t chc, quy ch v hng dn
cn thit thc hin cng tc bo v v ci thin mi trng.
- Thit lp v thc hin mt chng trnh kim sot, gim st mi trng
v kim ton cht thi m bo k hoch kim sot mi trng l ph
hp.
- Tun th y cc lut c th p dng to c s vng chc trong qu
trnh tho lun vi c quan qun l mi trng v cc i tc.
133
- Kt hp cht ch vi cc khu cng nghip khc trong vng

7.2.2. Chng trnh qun l mi trng
C ch phn hi, sa i v b sung
Vic gim st mi trng s c thc hin do mt c quan t vn gim
st mi trng thc hin, kt qu s c cung cp lin tc cho Ban qun
l(BQL) d n s bo co thng xuyn ti cc c quan qun l nh nc v
mi trng v thng bo vi cng chng v cht lng mi trng khu vc d
n trong sut qu trnh thi cng v vn hnh. Nu kt qu gim st ch ra bt k
s khng thch hp no trong cc gii php gim nh th BQL d n s xem xt
li cc gii php la chn c th a ra cc gii php sa i b xung.
Thc
Thc thi
thi cc
cc gii
gii php
php gim
gim nh
nh
Gim
Gim st
st
Bo
Bo co
co ti
ti cc
cc c
c quan
quan qun
qun l
l v
v cng
cng chng
chng
Khng
Khng thch
thch hp
hp
Thch
Thch hp
hp
Xem
Xem xt
xt li
li cc
cc gii
gii php
php gim
gim nh
nh
T
T vn
vn ca
ca c
c quan
quan qun
qun l
l v
v cng
cng chng
chng
Thc
Thc thi
thi cc
cc gii
gii php
php gim
gim nh
nh c
c la
la chn
chn
Hnh 6. Cc bc trong c ch phn hi, iu chnh sa i

7.2.3. Chng trnh gim st mi trng
Chng trnh gim st mi trng s c ch u t thc hin nhm
kim tra li cc yu t mi trng c d bo trong qu trnh thi cng cng
nh trong qu trnh khai thc. T vic gim st mi trng trong giai on thi
cng, khai thc s nh gi mc nhim v pht hin nhng yu t mi
134
trng vt ngng quy nh, cho php ch u t v cc nh thu iu chnh

hoc hn ch nh hng ca cc hot ng thi cng xy dng v vn hnh ti
mi trng t nhin v x hi.
Ni dung gim st mi trng bao gm:

Gim st cht lng khng kh (03 thng/01ln trong thi gian thi
cng v 06 thng/01 ln trong thi gian vn hnh ti cc v tr nu
Chng 3);
Gim st cht lng nc (03 thng/01ln trong thi gian thi cng
v 06 thng/01 ln trong thi gian vn hnh ti cc v tr tip nhn nc
thi ca tuyn ng v sng C L.
Gim st ting n, rung (03 thng/01ln trong thi gian thi cng
v 06 thng/01 ln trong thi gian vn hnh ti cc v tr nu Chng
3);
Gim st tin , vic tin hnh cc bin php gim thiu nhim
cht lng nc, khng kh, ting n, rung trong qu trnh xy dng
ng cao tc.
Gim st xi mn v trt l t, nguy c ngp lt (01ln trong
thi gian thi cng v 01 ln trong thi gian vn hnh ti cc v tr c nguy
c xi mn, trt l t v ngp lt dc tuyn);
Gim st tnh trng sc kho, an ton lao ng ca cc cn b,
cng nhn xy dng cu, ng (06 thng/01ln trong thi gian thi cng).
Hng nm, BQL d n s lp bo co v kt qu gim st mi trng

trnh cc c quan qun l nh nc v mi trng a phng nhm nh gi
khch quan nh hng ca d n ti mi trng trong qu trnh thi cng v vn
hnh.
7.2.4. Cc cng trnh x l mi trng - Kinh ph gim st mi trng
D ton kinh ph cho cc hot ng v mi trng trong sut qu trnh
thc hin d n.
135
Bng 49: Tm tt k hoch qun l mi trng ca D n xy dng ng trc trung tm th mi M linh

Giai on tc
ng
Khu vc nh
hng
Loi tc ng
Bin php gim thiu
Chi ph thc hin
Thi gian tin hnh
n v, t
chc tin
hnh
Mi trng x hi
Giai on tin xy dng

Ti nh
c
Dc tuyn
ng
Thu hi
t
Dc tuyn
ng
Di tch
lch s
n, cha,
ngha trang
Khong 44 h trong din

buc phi di dn
Lp k hoch chi tit v

thc hin nghim tc
Chng trnh n b di
dn ti nh c (RAP).
Khng trnh khi vic thu Nh trn
hi mt din tch t ln.
dc theo ng
Thit k v xy dng
ng phi m bo cch
cc di tch mt khong
cch nht nh
27.563 triu ng
(Ly t chi ph di dn ti
nh c)
Ch bt u sau khi k
kt u t
BQL,
Nh
thu
80.000 triu ng
(Ly t chi ph di dn ti
nh c)
Khng ng k
Nh trn
BQL,
Nh
thu
BQL,
Nh
thu
Giai on thit k chi

tit
Mi trng x hi
Giai on xy dng
Phn
vng
Tt c tuyn
ng
Xy dng ng khng
trnh khi s chia tch
mt s a phng.
50.000 triu ng
Xy dng hm ng
Xy dng hm ng
in, ng nc ngm ti (Ly t chi ph xy dng) in ngm, ng nc
mi ng dn
ngm phi c thc
hn ng thi cng vi
xy dng ng
Cht thi
Tt c tuyn
ng
Tt c cc
ng dn
Cht thi vt liu, t xy

dng s tn ti sut dc
ng .
Lp k hoch v thc hin

ph thi, t xy dng
nhng a im thch
hp.
5.000 triu ng
T khi bt u ti khi
(Ly t chi ph xy dng) kt thc v ci to cc
ng dn.
BQL,
Nh
thu
BQL,
Nh
thu
136
Khu vc nh
hng
Loi tc ng
Bin php gim thiu
Tai nn
giao
thng
Tt c ng
v tt c cc
ng dn
Nh thu a ra v thc
hin k hoch vn chuyn
an ton cc vt liu, t
xy dng
300 triu ng
T khi bt u n khi
(Ly t chi ph xy dng) kt thc xy dng v
ci to cc ng dn
BQL,
Nh
thu
Thu lao
ng a
phng
Tai nn
lao ng
Tt c ng
v tt c cc
ng dn
Tt c ng
v tt c cc
ng dn
Tai nn giao thng gy ra

do xe ti ln ch vt liu,
t xy dng v do cc
loi xe c khc tham gia
cng vic xy dng
Nng cao thu nhp ca c
dn a phng
u tin thu lao ng a

phng
Tai nn xy ra do hot
ng ca cc my xy
dng hng nng, chy n
BQL,
Nh
thu
BQL,
Nh
thu
Chia ct
v san lp
a hnh
Tt c tuyn
ng
Mt nhng cnh ng la
v hoa mu
Nghim chnh chp hnh

Lut Lao ng
Thnh lp Ban qun l an
ton lao ng
Nng cao nhn thc v an
ton lao ng
Trng ng ngn ngy v
cc loi cy th sn tim
nng ngay sau khi san lp
t xong
3.037 triu ng
T khi bt u n khi
ci to cc ng dn
5.000 triu ng
T khi bt u n khi
ci to cc ng dn
2.000 triu ng
Sau khi san, p
(Ly t chi ph xy dng)
BQL,
Nh
thu
Xi mn
t
Tt c tuyn
ng
Khu vc p ng s b
xi mn do ma to
15.000 triu ng
T khi bt u n khi
(Ly t chi ph xy dng) kt thc xy dng
ng
BQL,
Nh
thu
Hin
trng ca
cc con
sng
Tt c cc
cu trn
ng
Lm thay i hin trng

ca cc sng v lm tng
nguy c l lt do xy
thm cc tr cu trn
sng c bit ti cu trn
sng C L
7.000 triu ng
T khi bt u n khi
ng
BQL,
Nh
thu
Mi trng t nhin
Giai on tc
ng
Bo v khu vc lm vic
khi xi mn t
Nng cp nhng on
ung b xi mn
Thit k v thc hin xy
nhng tr cu sao cho
trnh c s thay i
hin trng ca sng v lm
tng mc nc trong ma
l
Chi ph thc hin
Thi gian tin hnh
n v, t
chc tin
hnh
137
Giai on tc
ng
nhim
Phong
cnh
Khu vc nh
hng
Tt c tuyn
ng
Loi tc ng
Lm gim v p ca
phong cnh nng thn
truyn thng
nhim
Tt c tuyn
khng kh ng v tt
c cc ng
dn
nhim khng kh do
nguyn vt liu xy dng
tc ng n khu vc dn
c, c bit khu vc gn
tuyn ng chuyn ch
t, ct cho xy dng.
nhim
nc
Tt c cc
cu trn
ng
Xy dng cu trn sng
Ting n
v
rung
Tt c tuyn
ng v cc
ng dn
Ting n v rung do
s dng cc thit b xy
dng hng nng s gy
nh hng ti khu vc
dn c gn .
Bin php gim thiu
Thit k v tin hnh p

ng sao cho ph hp
vi cnh quan vng nng
thn.
Trng cy xanh hai bn
ng
S dng my cng nghip
nng c tiu chun v kh
thi cho cng vic xy
dng.
Lm mt con ng
chuyn ch t ct tht
tt.
Lp k hoch v thc hin
vic bo v khng cho
dng nc bn t khu vc
xy dng chy vo sng
(chng hn nh lm nhng
h cha nc bn).
S dng nhng nguyn
vt liu xy dng gy
ting n v rung nh.
Chi ph thc hin
Thi gian tin hnh
n v, t
chc tin
hnh
2.000 triu ng
T khi bt u n khi
ng
BQL,
Nh
thu
Chi ph ch yu cho vic

o c cc thng s, ch
tiu mi trng
T khi bt u n khi
kt thc xy dng
ng
BQL,
Nh
thu

o c cc thng s, ch
tiu mi trng
T khi bt u n khi
kt thc xy dng
ng
BQL,
Nh
thu

o c cc thng s, ch
tiu mi trng
T khi bt u n khi
kt thc xy dng
ng v cc ng
dn
BQL,
Nh
thu
Giai on vn hnh
138
Mi trng t n nhinhin
Mi ttng x hi
Giai on tc
ng
Khu vc nh
hng
Cht thi
Tt c tuyn
ng v cc
ng dn
Ri ro
Nhng ng
dn
Tai nn
giao
thng
Tt c ng
v cc ng
dn
Xi mn
t
Tt c tuyn
ng
L t
Tt c tuyn
ng
Loi tc ng
Bin php gim thiu
Chi ph thc hin
Hnh vi vt rc ba bi
ca nhng ngi lu
thng trn ng
Nhiu nh dn, ca
hng, nh my nn s b
nh hng do rc thi
ba bi ca nhng khu
vc ny.
Cm vt rc ba bi trn
ng.
1.000 triu ng
(Ly t kinh ph qun l,
duy tu bo dng ng)
nh k thu gom rc
BQL,
Nh
thu,
a
phng
Bo v nhng ng dn
khi s ph hu ca l lt
Xy dng h thng thot
nc nhng khu vc b
nh hng l nhiu
Nng cp nhng on
yu do l
Lp k hoch v thc hin
cc gii php v an ton
giao thng theo lut an
ton giao thng
22.000 triu ng
duy tu bo dng ng)
Trong ma l khi mc
nc dng cao, phi i
kim tra nh k thng
xuyn v sa cha
nhng ch cng trnh b
st l
BQL,
Nh
thu,
a
phng
3.105 triu ng
(Nm trong Chng trnh
an ton giao thng)
Hng ngy
Nng cp nhng on
ng b xi mn
2.050 triu ng
duy tu bo dng ng)
i tun tra gim st

sut ma ma
Trng cy dc ng
gim cm gic nng n
1. 000 triu ng
(Ly t chi ph xy dng)
T khi kt thc giai

on xy dung ti khi
hon thin xong, cnh
quan sao cho ph hp
vi cnh p nng thn.
BQL,
Nh
thu,
a
phung
BQL,
Nh
thu,
a
phung
BQL,
Nh
thu
Tai nn giao thng s

tng do lu lng giao
thng v tc ca cc
phng tin c ci
thin
Xi mn t xy ra
nhng on ng yu
khi b ma ln
Ny sinh tm l nng n
khi phi i mt vi
nhng kh khn nh p
ng chng hn
Thi gian tin hnh
n v, t
chc tin
hnh
139
Giai on tc
ng
Khu vc nh
hng
Loi tc ng
Bin php gim thiu
Trng cy gn nt giao
thng v khu vc dn c
cnh ng gim bt
nhim t cc phng tin
giao thng nh s hp
ph bi v hp th CO2
ca cy xanh
Thng xuyn nh k
gim st s nhim
khng kh
Thit k v thc hin h
thng thot nc hp l
thu gom nc bn t
ng chy xung

o c cc thng s, ch
tiu mi trng
Gim st s nhim
khng kh hng qu
trong sut 3 nm ca
giai on vn hnh, ti
vch gianh gii.
BQL,
Nh
thu

o c cc thng s, ch
tiu mi trng
BQL,
Nh
thu
Trng cy dc ng
gim ting n, rung do
phng tin giao thng
gy ra.
Xy nhng bc tng
cch m ti khu vc
trng hc v bnh vin
5.000 triu ng
Gim st cht lng

nc hng qu trong
sut 3 nm ca giai
on vn hnh, ti vch
gianh gii
Quan trc ting n giao
thng hng qu trong
sut 3 nm ca giai
on vn hnh ti vch
gianh gii
nhim
khng
kh
Tt c tuyn
ng v cc
ng dn
Xc nh nhim khng
kh gn cc nt giao
thng v ng dn
cng vi nhim do cc
phng tin i trn
ng
nhim
nc
Tt c cc sng
v cu dc
ng
Cht lng nc ca
sng, ao h m tip
nhn nc
Ting n
v
rung
Tt c tuyn
ng v cc
ng dn
Nhng tc ng ca
rung, ting n do
phng tin giao thng
s tng, c bit ti khu
vc trng hc v bnh
vin gn nt giao thng
Chi ph thc hin
Thi gian tin hnh
n v, t
chc tin
hnh
BQL,
Nh
thu
140
Bng 50 : D ton kinh ph gim st mi trng d n xy dng ng trc

th mi M linh - Tnh Vnh Phc
STT
Hng mc
GIAI ON XY DNG
A1
Gim st cht lng khng kh

(18 v tr x 2mu/v tr =36 mu)
1
2
3
4
5
6
A2
Cng tc ph
(2 cng/v tr-ngy x 1 2v tr = 24 cng )
cng
24
A4
1
2
4
75.000
75.000
75.000
75.000
75.000
2.700.000
2.700.000
2.700.000
2.700.000
2.700.000
80.000
1.920.000
Gim st ting n
(18 v tr x 2 ln o/v tr =36 ln o)
Cng tc ph
(2 cng/v tr-ngy x 12v tr = 24 cng )
5.700.000
ln
o
ln
o
ln
o
ln
o
ln
o
cng
36
36
36
36
36
15.000
15.000
15.000
45.000
15.000
540.000
540.000
540.000
1.620.000
540.000
24
80.000
1.920.000
Gim st cht lng nc

(8 v tr x2 mu = 16 mu)
pH
DO
COD
BOD5
TSS
NO2NO3NH4+
Tng pht pho (PO4 3-)
Tng d lng thuc BVTV
Du m
Tng Coliform
Hg
As
Cd
Pb
Zn
Cu
Cng tc ph
(2 cng/ 3 v tr x 6 v tr = 4 cng)
32.160.000
mu
mu
mu
mu
mu
mu
mu
mu
mu
mu
mu
mu
mu
mu
mu
mu
mu
mu
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
cng
30
30.000
60.000
70.000
80.000
50.000
50.000
50.000
50.000
60.000
600.000
300.000
60.000
80.000
80.000
60.000
60.000
60.000
60.000
80.000
Cht lng nc ngm

( 6 ging x 1 mu/ging = 6 mu)
o nhit nc
pH
COD
Thnh tin
(1000 )
12720
36
36
36
36
36
20
n gi
(1000 )
87151.16
mu
mu
mu
mu
mu
Leq (n tc thi)
L50 (n tc thi)
L90 (n tc thi)
Tn s rung
Gia tc rung
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
14
15
16
17
18
19
S
lng
CO
NO2
SO2
Bi l lng (TSP) tng s
VOC
1
2
3
4
5
A3
V
tnh
480.000
960.000
1.120.000
1.280.000
800.000
800.000
800.000
800.000
960.000
9.600.000
4.800.000
960.000
1.280.000
1.280.000
960.000
960.000
960.000
960.000
2.400.000
7.141.160
mu
mu
mu
6
6
6
46.860
30.000
70.000
281.160
180.000
420.000
141

STT
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
A5
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
A7
A6
B
B1
1
2
3
4
5
6
B2
1
2
3
4
5
6
Hng mc
BOD5
TSS
Cl
NO2SO42Tng Pht pho
Tng Ni t
Lng khun Coli dng Fecal
Tng Coliform
Hg
As
Cd
Pb
Zn
Cu
Cng tc ph
Gim st cht lng t
(10 v tr x 1 mu/v tr = 10 mu)
pH kh
pH t
EC
Ni t tng s
Pht pho tng s
Fe tng
Al 3+
D lng ha cht BVTV
Hg
As
Cd
Pb
Zn
Cu
Cng tc ph
Chi ph thu xe
Lp bo co kt qu gim st mi trng
GIAI ON VN HNH
Gim st cht lng khng kh
(18 v tr x 2mu/v tr =36 mu)
CO
NO2
SO2
Bi l lng (TSP) tng s
VOC
Cng tc ph
(2 cng/v tr-ngy x 1 2v tr = 24 cng )
Gim st ting n (18 v tr x 2 ln o/v tr =36 ln
o)
Leq (n tc thi)
L50 (n tc thi)
L90 (n tc thi)
Tn s rung
Gia tc rung
Cng tc ph (2 cng/v tr-ngy x 12v tr = 24 cng )
V
tnh
mu
mu
mu
mu
mu
mu
mu
mu
mu
mu
mu
mu
mu
mu
mu
cng
S
lng
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
10
n gi
(1000 )
80.000
50.000
50.000
50.000
50.000
60.000
50.000
60.000
60.000
80.000
80.000
60.000
60.000
60.000
60.000
80.000
Thnh tin
(1000 )
480.000
300.000
300.000
300.000
300.000
360.000
300.000
360.000
360.000
480.000
480.000
360.000
360.000
360.000
360.000
800.000
29.430.000
mu
mu
mu
mu
mu
mu
mu
mu
mu
mu
mu
mu
mu
mu
cng
ca
cng
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
2
10
100
10.000
10.000
10.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
22.000
900.000
80.000
80.000
60.000
60.000
60.000
60.000
80.000
500.000
100.000
100.000
100.000
100.000
250.000
250.000
250.000
220.000
9.000.000
800.000
800.000
600.000
600.000
600.000
600.000
160.000
5.000.000
10.000.000
7.485.116.
000
15.420.000
mu
mu
mu
mu
mu
36
36
36
36
36
75.000
75.000
75.000
75.000
75.000
2.700.000
2.700.000
2.700.000
2.700.000
2.700.000
cng
24
80.000
1.920.000
5.700.000
ln
o
ln
o
ln
o
ln
o
ln
o
cng
36
36
36
36
36
24
15.000
15.000
15.000
45.000
15.000
80.000
540.000
540.000
540.000
1.620.000
540.000
1.920.000
142

STT
B3
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
B4
1
2
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
B5
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Hng mc
V
tnh
S
lng
n gi
(1000 )
Gim st cht lng nc

(8 v tr x2 mu = 16 mu)
pH
DO
COD
BOD5
TSS
NO2NO3NH4+
Tng pht pho (PO4 3-)
Tng d lng thuc BVTV
Du m
Tng Coliform
Hg
As
Cd
Pb
Zn
Cu
Cng tc ph (2 cng/ 3 v tr x 6 v tr = 4 cng)
Cht lng nc ngm
( 6 ging x 1 mu/ging = 6 mu)
o nhit nc
pH
COD
BOD5
TSS
Cl
NO2SO42Tng Pht pho
Tng Ni t
Lng khun Coli dng Fecal
Tng Coliform
Hg
As
Cd
Pb
Zn
Cu
Cng tc ph
Gim st cht lng t
(10 v tr x 1 mu/v tr = 10 mu)
pH kh
pH t
EC
Ni t tng s
Pht pho tng s
Fe tng
Al 3+
D lng ha cht BVTV
Thnh tin
(1000 )
32.160.000
mu
mu
mu
mu
mu
mu
mu
mu
mu
mu
mu
mu
mu
mu
mu
mu
mu
mu
cng
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
30
30.000
60.000
70.000
80.000
50.000
50.000
50.000
50.000
60.000
600.000
300.000
60.000
80.000
80.000
60.000
60.000
60.000
60.000
80.000
480.000
960.000
1.120.000
1.280.000
800.000
800.000
800.000
800.000
960.000
9.600.000
4.800.000
960.000
1.280.000
1.280.000
960.000
960.000
960.000
960.000
2.400.000
7.141.160
mu
mu
mu
mu
mu
mu
mu
mu
mu
mu
mu
mu
mu
mu
mu
mu
mu
mu
cng
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
10
46.860
30.000
70.000
80.000
50.000
50.000
50.000
50.000
60.000
50.000
60.000
60.000
80.000
80.000
60.000
60.000
60.000
60.000
80.000
2.811.600
180.000
420.000
480.000
300.000
300.000
300.000
300.000
360.000
300.000
360.000
360.000
480.000
480.000
360.000
360.000
360.000
360.000
800.000
14.430.000
mu
mu
mu
mu
mu
mu
mu
mu
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10.000
10.000
10.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
22.000
900.000
100.000
100.000
100.000
250.000
250.000
250.000
220.000
9.000.000
143

STT
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
A6
A7
C
D
E
Hng mc
Hg
As
Cd
Pb
Zn
Cu
Cng tc ph
Lp bo co kt qu gim st mi trng
Chi ph thu xe
Cng
VAT(5%)
Tng cng
V
tnh
mu
mu
mu
mu
mu
mu
cng
cng
ca
S
lng
10
10
10
10
10
10
2
100
10
n gi
(1000 )
80.000
80.000
60.000
60.000
60.000
60.000
80.000
100.000
500.000
Thnh tin
(1000 )
800.000
800.000
600.000
600.000
600.000
600.000
160.000
10.000.000
5.000.000
Ghi ch: D ton lp theo n gi qui nh ti Thng t 83/2002/TT-BTC v

216/MTg-HT
4
144
CHNG VIII
THAM VN KIN CNG NG
Nhm thu thp iu tra cc kin cng ng v Bo co
nh gi tc ng mi trng d n u t xy dng ng trc
Trung tm th mi M Linh v cc phng n gim thiu tc
ng n mi trng trong qu trnh tin xy dng, thi cng
xy dng v khi a cng trnh vo s dng.
Ngy thc hin tham vn cng ng:
Ngy 14 thng 8 nm 2006
a im tham vn cng ng:
Hi trng UBND x M Linh huyn M Linh tnh Vnh
Phc.
Thnh phn tham gia tham vn cng ng:
Ban qun l cc cng trnh h tng th S Xy dng
tnh Vnh Phc, i din S K hoch v u t, Lnh o Trung
tm Ti nguyn v Mi trng Vnh Phc n v t vn lp Bo
co nh gi tc ng mi trng (EIA) d n, Lnh o huyn
M Linh (ch tch UBND huyn, Chnh vn phng, ...), B th,
ph B th ng u, ch tch, ph ch tch x, Trng thn dn c
cc x ni c d n i qua, i din cc t chc on th hi
nng dn, ph n, mt trn T Quc v cc i din cc h
gia nh c t b thu hi cho d n.
Cc ni dung c bn ca hi ngh tham vn cng
ng:
- Cng b ni dung c bn ca d n v cc vn bn php l
c lin quan
- Pht phiu tham vn cng ng cho ton th hi ngh
- Pht bo co tm tt nh gi tc ng mi trng d n
- Hng dn ghi ni dung phiu tham vn cng ng
- Thuyt minh chi tit ni dung bo co nh gi tc ng
mi trng d n. Trong ni dung thuyt minh c bit ch
trng n vic d bo cc ngun gy nhim mi trng nc
mt, nc ngm, khng kh, ting n, rung, cht thi rn do
cc hot ng ca d n trong cc giai on tin xy dng, thi
cng xy dng v khi a cng trnh vo s dng.
- Tho lun v ly kin trc tip t cc i biu tham d
hi ngh v cc vn lin quan n mi trng do cc hot
145
ng ca d n v cc vn mi trng nu trong bo co
nh gi tc ng mi trng.
- Thu phiu tham vn cng ng v tng hp cc ni dung
lin quan n mi trng v cc xut ca cng ng v cc
vn mi trng khi u t d n.
Cc kt qu tng hp phiu tham vn cng ng nh sau:
- Tng s i biu tham d hi ngh tham vn cng ng:
182 ngi
- Tng s phiu pht ra: 182 phiu
- Tng s phiu thu v: 182 phiu
- 182/182 s ngi tr li C khi c hi v c c cung
cp thng tin v d n chim t l 100%
- S ngi sau khi nghe thuyt minh v gii trnh v tho
lun trc tip v Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng ca d
n cho rng:
TT
Ni dung
S ngi
T l
(%)
Hiu cc ni dung bo
co
170/182
93,40%
Khng hiu ni dung bo

co
1/182
0,55%
S ngi khng c kin

hoc khng bit
11/182
6,04%
Ghi ch
- S ngi cho rng mc tc ng n cht lng mi trng khi thc hin d n l:

TT
Ni dung
S ngi
T l
(%)
Mc tc ng nhiu,
tc ng nng
41/182
22,52%
Mc tc ng nh, 104/182
khng ng k
Khng nh hng n cht

lng mi trng
7/182
Ghi ch
57,14%
3,84%
146
S ngi khng c kin,

hoc khng bit c tc
ng hay khng
30
16,48%
- S ngi tn thnh v ng h cc gii php bo v mi trng do ch u t v n v t vn a ra v cc cam kt bo

v mi trng ca ch u t, ban qun l d n v cc nh thu
l:
TT
Ni dung
S ngi
T l
(%)
S ngi ng , tn
thnh:
122/182
67,03%
S ngi khng ng ,
khng tn thnh
4/182
2,19%
S ngi khng bit hoc

khng c kin
56
30,77%
Ghi ch
Mt s kin ngh ca cc i biu tham d hi ngh

tham vn cng ng:
- Cng tc n b, gii phng mt bng, ti nh c cho
nhng h gia nh b thu hi t cho d n phi tho ng,
nhanh gn, theo ng cc quy nh hin hnh ca Nh nc.
- m bo thi cng xy dng cng trnh ng tin , thi
cng xy dng n u hon thin n .
- Cam kt p dng cc bin php gim thiu cc tc ng
n mi trng trong sut qu trnh thi cng xy dng d n
v khi a cng trnh vo khai thc s dng.
- m bo cht lng cc hng mc cng trnh nh thit
k.
- Tuyn truyn, ph bin vn ng cc kin thc v bo
v mi trng.
147
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
CHNG IX
CH DN NGUN CUNG CP S LIU, D LIU
V PHNG PHP NH GI
30
9.1. Cc cn c k thut v ngun cung cp s liu, d liu
Cc ti liu s liu k thut c s dng trong qu trnh lp bo co nh

gi tc ng mi trng d n xy dng cng trnh ng trc trung tm th
mi M linh tnh Vnh Phc bao gm:
-
Tiu chun nh nc Vit Nam v mi trng t 1995 - 2005.
H s d n xy dng cng trnh ng trc trung tm th mi

M linh - tnh Vnh Phc
148
Bo co hin trng mi trng - S Ti Nguyn & Mi trng tnh

Vnh Phc nm 2003-2005.
Cc loi bn hin trng s dng t, bn a hnh, bn ri

tha ca cc a phng.
cng lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng i vi cng

trnh cu, ng b (B Khoa hc Cng ngh v Mi Trng).
Cc s liu kho st hin trng mi trng do Trung tm Ti nguyn

v Mi trng tnh Vnh phc o c v phn tch trong thng 7 v thng 8
nm 2006.
Cc s liu v kinh t x hi ti khu vc d n i qua gm : Tin

Phong, M Linh, Vn Kh, i thnh, Thanh Lm, Tam ng, Tin Thng huyn M Linh ; Tin Chu - Th x Phc yn ; o c- huyn Bnh
Xuyn.
9.2. Phng php lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng
Cc phng php lun sau y c s dng xy dng bo co

TM:
Phng php thng k thu thp, x l v phn tch cc s liu kh

tng, thy vn, mi trng v kinh t - x hi lin quan.
Phng php iu tra kho st thc a: ly mu ngoi hin trng,

phn tch mu trong phng th nghim theo cc quy nh ca TCVN
xc nh cc thng s v cht lng mi trng (bao gm: kho st cht
lng khng kh, ting n, cht lng nc, thnh phn nc thi, h sinh
thi khu vc d n).
Phng php nh gi nhanh: tnh ton ti lng cht nhim t cc

hot ng thi cng xy dng, vn hnh ca d n.
Phng php so snh: Dng nh gi cc tc ng trn c s cc

tiu chun mi trng do B Khoa hc, Cng ngh v Mi trng ban
hnh.
Phng php ma trn mi trng: S dng ma trn Leopold Matrix

nhn dng mt cch h thng cc tc ng tch cc v tiu cc ca d n
n mi trng.
149
Phng php m hnh ton: m phng, tnh ton v nh gi d

bo lan truyn cc cht nhim trong khng kh khu vc d n.
Phng php iu tra x hi hc: S dung khi phng vn ngi dn

cng nh lnh o ti khu vc thc hin d n.
Phng php t vn chuyn gia: Thng qua hi tho, t vn xy dng

v xut cc bin php nhm gim thiu cc tc ng tiu cc ca d
n..
Phng php s dng h thng tin a l GIS v gii on nh vin

thm.
31
32
CHNG X
KT LUN V KIN NGH
D n xy dng ng trc trung tm th mi M linh - tnh Vnh
Phc c xy dng s khng ch l mt ng lc ln pht trin kinh t vn
ho v gio dc ca huyn M linh v th x Phc yn m cn gp phn thc
y qu trnh pht trin kinh t x hi ca tnh ng thi p ng nhu cu giao
lu kinh t vn ho ca nhn dn trong trong vng.
150
Trong thi gian qua Ban Qun l D n phi hp cht ch vi mt s

c quan khoa hc, cc c quan qun l v chnh quyn a phng tin hnh
nhng nghin cu nhm nh gi nhng tc ng tch cc v tiu cc ca d n
n mi trng. Cc kt qu nghin cu, d bo chi tit v tc ng mi trng
do trin khai d n c trnh by trong ni dung bo co. Qua mt s tc
ng mi trng chnh cn l:
Trong giai on tin xy dng:

Cc tc ng tiu cc hu nh khng ng k. Gii phng mt
bng l nhim v trng tm trong giai on ny. S lng t th c cc
h phi di ri khng ln, khng c cng trnh tn gio, lch s no phi di
di. Theo kt qu kho st, mi ngi dn u sn sng di di nu mc
n b tha ng, v vy cng tc di dn ti nh c ca d n s khng
kh khn.
Trong giai on xy dng:

-
D n s to nn vic lm trc tip hay c hi gin tip cho

ngi lao ng a phng nng cao thu nhp v gp phn ci thin mc
sng.
D n c th gy chia ct cng ng dn c v giao thng,

xung t gia cng nhn xy dng v c dn a phng; lm tng cc
bnh x hi, dch bnh v t nn x hi.
D n c th lm tng tai nn lao ng, tai nn, ch tc giao

thng, nguy c chy n.
Ti tt c cc cng trng, c bit l ti cc khu vc ng

dn c, nhim ting n, khng kh, rung v nc l nhng vn
quan trng..
Vic ng cc b tng trn cc sng xy dng cu s gy

xo trn mnh m bn ct y sng v gy nhim ti v tr thi cng v
c th nh hng ti cc vng ln cn. N c th lm tng c, BOD
v gim lng xy ha tan trong nc, s xuyn thu nh sng mt tri.
Cc tc ng n mi trng t, xi mn t v trt l,
ngp lt l khng ng k.
D n khng i qua khu vc bo tn thin nhin, rng quc

gia hay khu vc sinh thi nhy cm no. D n s khng nh hng nhiu
ti tnh a dng sinh hc ca khu vc, khng lm nh hng ti cc h
sinh thi t nhin trong khu vc v cc h sinh thi ch yu l h sinh thi
nng nghip nhn chung tnh a dng sinh hc rt ngho.
Trong giai on vn hnh:

Hu ht cc tc ng tiu cc lin quan ti vic gia tng mt
phng tin giao thng. iu ny lm tng nhim khng kh,
nhim ting n, chn ng, tai nn giao thng.
151
Cc kt qu tnh ton d bo cho thy phn ln nng cc

cht nhim khng cao hn Tiu chun nhiu;
Cc tc ng tiu cc n ti nguyn sinh vt, kinh t x hi
v di tch vn ha lch s trong khu vc d n l khng ng k.
Nhng tc ng ca d n i vi mi trng c th ni l khng th
trnh khi, tuy nhin Ban Qun l d n phi hp tt vi cc nh thu thi cng
s trin khai cc bin php gim thiu, k hoch qun l v gim st mi trng
c nu r trong ni dung ca bo co; yu cu cc nh thu p dng cc bin
php tch cc gim thiu nhim mi trng.
Ban Qun l d n s phi hp cht ch vi cc c quan qun l nh nc
v mi trng, cc c quan hu quan, chnh quyn cc cp v nhn dn a
phng nhm nng cao hiu qu cng tc bo v mi trng ca d n.
Ban qun l d n c quan ch u t cam kt s thc hin nghim tc
cc quy nh v bo v mi trng; trit p dng cc bin php gim thiu
nhim, s c nh hng ti mi trng v cng ng dn c; tin hnh cc bin
php quan trc, gim st cht lng mi trng theo ng ni dung trnh by
trong bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng.
D n ng trc trung tm th mi M linh - tnh Vnh Phc hon
ton kh thi v mt mi trng. Ban Qun l d n S Xy dng Vnh Phc
ngh B Ti nguyn v Mi trng, UBND tnh, S Ti Nguyn v Mi Trng
sm thm nh v ph duyt Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng ny. d
n c trin khai theo ng tin t ra. Xin trn trng cm n.
152
Ti liu tham kho

1. Lut bo v mi trng nm 2005
2. Tuyn tp cc Tiu chun Mi trng Vit Nam
3. Ngh nh 80/2006/N-CP ca Chnh Ph hng dn thi
hnh Lut Bo v mi trng
4. Hng dn lp bo cc nh gi tc ng mi trng i vi
cc d n giao thng do Cc Mi trng B Ti nguyn v
Mi trng ban hnh
5. Cc ti liu v nh gi tc ng mi trng trong v
ngoi nc
6. Cc ti liu v qun l, gim thiu v cng ngh x l
cht thi gy nhim mi trng trong v ngoi nc
7. H s nghin cu kh thi d n u t xy dng cng
trnh ng trc trung tm th mi M linh tnh
Vnh phc
8. Cc vn bn php l c lin quan n d n u t xy
dng cng trnh ng trc trung tm th mi M linh
- Tnh Vnh
9. Cc ti liu thng k kinh t x hi huyn M linh, Bnh
xuyn, th x Phc Yn
153
Ph lc
1. Mt s Tiu chun Vit Nam trch dn
2. S cc v tr ly mu nc mt
3. S cc v tr ly mu nc ngm
4. S cc v tr ly mu khng kh v ting n
5. S cc im quan trc mi trng nc mt, nc ngm
6. S cc im quan trc mi trng khng kh v ting
n
7. Bnh hng tuyn phng n chn
154
Tiu chun Vit Nam
TCVN 5937 - 1995
Cht lng khng kh

Tiu chun cht lng khng kh xung quanh
1. Phm vi p dng
1.1. Tiu chun ny qui nh gi tr gii hn cc thng s c
bn (bao gm bi l lng, CO, NO2, SO2, O3
v ch) trong
khng kh xung quanh.

1.2. Tiu chun ny p dng nh gi cht lng khng kh
xung quanh v gim st tnh trng nhim khng kh.
2. Gi tr gii hn
Bng 1: Gi tr gii hn cc thng s c bn trong khng
kh xung quanh (mg/m3)
TT
Thng
s
Trung bnh
1 gi
Trung bnh
8 gi
Trung bnh
24 gi
CO
40
10
No2
0,4
0,1
SO2
0,5
0,3
Pb
0,005
O3
0,2
0,06
Bi l
lng
0,3
0,2
Ch thch:
Phng php ly mu, phn tch, tnh ton xc nh cc thng
s c th c qui nh trong cc TCVN tng ng.
155
156
Tiu chun Vit Nam
TCVN 5949 - 1998
Gii hn ti a cho php ting n khu vc cng cng v dn c
(Theo mc m tng ng)
Thi gian
33
Khu vc
T 6h 18 h
T 18h 22h
T 22h 6h
Khu vc cn c bit yn
tnh: Bnh vin, th vin,
nh iu dng, nh tr, trng hc, nh th, cha
chin.
50
45
40
60
55
50
75
70
50
Khu dn c, Khch sn, Nh

ngh, c quan hnh
chnh.
Khu dn c xen k trong
khu vc thng mi, dch
v, sn xut.
Tiu chun Vit Nam

TCVN 5502 - 2003

157
Nc cp sinh hot - Yu cu cht lng

1. Phm vi p dng
Tiu chun ny qui nh cht lng i vi nc qua x l,
sau h thng phn phi, dng trong sinh hot, sau y gi l
nc cp sinh hot.
2. Yu cu cht lng
Cc ch tiu cht lng ca nc cp sinh hot c qui nh trong
bng 1.
Bng 1: Ch tiu cht lng nc sinh hot
T
T
1
2
Tn ch tiu
Mu sc
Mi, v
n v
Mc, khng ln
hn
mg/l Pt
15
Khng c mi, v
l
NTU(1)
6 8,5
pH
cng, tnh theo CaCO3
mg/l
300
Hm lng oxy ho tan, tnh

theo oxy
mg/l
Tng cht rn ho tan
mg/l
1000
Hm lng amoniac, tnh theo

nit
mg/l
Hm lng asen
mg/l
0,01
10 Hm lng antimon
mg/l
0,005
11 Hm lng clorua
mg/l
250
12 Hm lng ch
mg/l
0,01
13 Hm lng crom
mg/l
0,05
14 Hm lng ng
mg/l
1,0
15 Hm lng florua
mg/l
0,7 1,5
16 Hm lng km
mg/l
3,0
17 Hm lng hydro sunfua
mg/l
0,05
158
18 Hm lng mangan
mg/l
0,5
19 Hm lng nhm
mg/l
0,5
Hm lng nitrat, tnh theo

nit
mg/l
10,0
21 Hm lng nitrit, tnh theo nit
mg/l
1,0
Hm lng st tng s (Fe2+ +

Fe3+)
mg/l
0,5
23 Hm lng thu ngn
mg/l
0,001
24 Hm lng xyanua
mg/l
0,07
Cht hot ng b mt, tnh

25 theo Linear Ankyl benzen
Sufonal (LAS)
mg/l
0,5
26 Benzen
mg/l
0,01
mg/l
0,01
20
22
27
Phenol
phenol
28
Du m v cc hp cht du
m
mg/l
0,1
29
Hm lng thuc tr su ln
hu c
mg/l
0,01
30
Hm lng thuc tr su clo

hu c
mg/l
0,1
31
dn
xut
ca
Coliform tng s
MPN/100ml
(2)
2,2
MPN/100ml
33 Tng hot
pCi/l(3)
34 Tng hot
Ch thch:
pCi/l
30
32 E.Coli v coliform chu nhit
(1) NTU: n v o c.
(2) MPN/100 ml: Mt khun lc trong 100ml.
(3) pCi/l: n v phng x Picocuri trn lt.
159
160
Tiu chun Vit Nam
TCVN 5942 -1995
Tiu chun cht lng nc mt
1. Phm vi p dng:
1.1. Tiu chun ny quy nh gii hn cc thng s v nng
cho php ca cc cht nhim trong nc
1.2. Tiu chun ny p dng nh gi mc nhim
ca mt ngun nc mt
2. Gi tr gii hn:
2.1. Danh mc cc thng s, cht o nhim v mc gii hn
cho php trong nc mt nu trong bng
2.2. Phng php ly mu, phn tch, tnh ton xc nh
tng thng s v nng c th c qui nh trong cc tiu
chun Vit Nam tng ng
Gi tr cho php ca thng s v nng cc cht
nhim trong nc mt
TT
Thng s
n v
Gi tr gii hn
A
6 8,5
5,5 9
PH
BOD5 (200C)
mg/l
<4
< 25
COD
mg/l
< 10
< 35
Oxy ho tan
mg/l
Cht rn l lng
mg/l
20
80
Asen
mg/l
0,05
0,1
Bari
mg/l
Cadimi
mg/l
0,01
0,02
Ch
mg/l
0,05
0,1
10
Crm (VI)
mg/l
0,05
0,05
11
Crm (III)
mg/l
0,1
12
ng
mg/l
0,1
13
Km
mg/l
161
14
Man gan
mg/l
0,1
0,8
15
Ni ken
mg/l
0,1
16
St
mg/l
17
Thu ngn
Mg/l
0,001
0,002
18
Thic
Mg/l
19
Amoniac (tnh theo N)
mg/l
0,05
20
Florua
mg/l
1,5
21
Nitrat (tnh theo N)
Mg/l
10
15
22
Nitrit (tnh theo N)
mg/l
0,01
0,05
23
Xianua
mg/l
0,01
0,05
24
Phenol (tng s)
mg/l
0,001
0,02
25
Du m
mg/l
Khng
0,3
26
Cht ty ra
mg/l
0,5
0,5
27
Coliform
MPN/ 100
ml
5000
10000
28
Tng ho cht BVTV (tr

DDT)
mg/l
0,15
0,15
29
DDT
mg/l
0,01
0,01
30
Tng hot phng x
Bq/l
0,1
0,1
31
Tng hot phng x
Bq/l
1,0
Ch thch:
Ct A p dng i vi nc mt c th dng lm ngun cp
nc sinh hot (nhng phi qua qu trnh x l theo qui nh)
Ct B p dng i vi nc mt dng cho cc mc ch
khc. Nc dng cho nng nghip v nui trng thu sn c qui
nh ring.
162
Tiu chun Vit Nam
TCVN 5944 -1995
Tiu chun cht lng nc ngm

1. Phm vi p dng
1.1. Tiu chun ny quy nh gii hn cc thng s v nng
cho php ca cc cht nhim trong nc ngm.
1.2. Tiu chun ny p dng nh gi cht lng ca mt
ngun nc ngm, gim st tnh trng nhim nc ngm
trong mt khu vc xc nh.
2. Gi tr gii hn
2.1. Danh mc cc thng s, cht nhim v mc gii hn cho
php ca chng trong nc ngm c nu trong bng.
2.2 Phng php ly mu, phn tch, tnh ton, xc nh tng
thng s v nng c th c quy nh trong cc TCVN tng ng.
Gi tr gii hn cho php ca cc thng s v nng cc
cht nhim trong nc ngm
Tn ch tiu
STT
1
pH
Mu
n v tnh
Gii hn ti
a
6,5 8,5
Pt - Co
5 50
cng (tnh theo

CaCO3)
mg/l
300 500
Cht rn tng s
mg/l
750 1500
Asen
mg/l
0,05
Cadimi
mg/l
0,01
Clorua
mg/l
200 600
Ch
mg/l
0,05
Crom (VI)
mg/l
0,05
163
10
xianua
mg/l
0,01
11
ng
mg/l
1,0
12
Florua
mg/l
1,0
13
Km
mg/l
5,0
14
Mangan
mg/l
0,1 0,5
15
Nitrate
mg/l
45
16
Phenola
mg/l
0,001
17
St
mg/l
15
18
Sunfat
mg/l
200 400
19
Thu ngn
mg/l
0,001
20
selen
mg/l
0,01
21
Fecal coli
MPN/100 ml
Khng
22
Coliform
MPN/100 ml
164
Tiu chun vit nam
TCVN 5945 - 1995
Nc thi cng nghip - tiu chun thi

Gi tr gii hn cc thng s v nng cht nhim
TT
Thng s
Gi tr gii hn
n v
A
40
40
45
6-9
5,5 - 9
59
Nhit
pH
BOD5 (200C)
mg/l
20
50
100
COD
mg/l
50
100
400
Cht rn l lng
mg/l
50
100
200
Asen
mg/l
0,05
0,1
0,5
Cadimi
mg/l
0,01
0,02
0,5
Ch
mg/l
0,1
0,5
Clod
mg/l
10
Crm (VI)
mg/l
0,05
0,1
0,5
11
Crm (III)
mg/l
0,2
12
Du m khong
KPH
13
Du ng thc vt
mg/l
10
30
14
ng
mg/l
0,2
15
Km
mg/l
16
Mangan
mg/l
0,2
17
Niken
mg/l
0,2
18
Photpho hu c
0,2
0,5
mg/l
mg/l
165
19
Photpho tng s
20
St
21
mg/l
mg/l
10
Tetracloetylen
mg/l
0,02
0,1
0,1
22
Thic
mg/l
0,2
23
Thu ngn
mg/l
0,005
0,005
0,01
24
Tng Nit
mg/l
30
60
60
25
Tricloetylen
mg/l
0,05
0,3
0,3
Amoniac (tnh theo
mg/l
0,1
10
26
N)
27
Florua
mg/l
28
Phenola
mg/l
0,001
0,05
29
Sulfua
mg/l
0,2
0,5
30
Xianua
mg/l
0,05
0,1
0,2
31
Coliform
5000
10000
Bq/l
0,1
0,1
Bq/l
1,0
1,0
32
33
Tng hot
phng x
Tng hot
phng x
MPN/100
ml
Ch thch:
KPH: khng pht hin c
(-): Khng xc nh
166

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Bo co TM d n xy dng cng trnh ng trc trung tm th mi M linh - tnh Vnh Phc

a cht cng trnh

B Khoa hc, cng ngh v Mi trng

Tiu chun cho php

Tiu chun Vit Nam

Phng chy cha chy

Bo co TM d n xy dng cng trnh ng trc trung tm th mi M linh - tnh Vnh Phc

1.2. C s php l v k thut ca bo co TM

1.3. T chc thc hin lp bo co TM

2.3. Cc phng n la chn v tr tuyn ng

2.4. c im v quy m cng trnh

2.5. Ngun cung cp nguyn vt liu xy dng ch yu

2.7. Thi hn v tin thc hin d n

Chng III: iu kin t nhin - kinh t x hi kho st nh

3.1. iu kin t nhin

3.1.1. Din tch t nhin

3.1.4. Thu vn v thot nc ma hin ti

3.1.5. iu kin a cht cng trnh

3.1.6. c im ti nguyn sinh hc

3.2. c im kinh t - x hi khu vc d n

3.3. Kho st nh gi hin trng mi trng nn khu vc

3.3.1. Cht lng mi trng khng kh khu vc d n

3.3.2. Kt qu phn tch cht lng ting n khu vc d n

3.3.3. Cht lng mi trng nc mt khu vc d n

Trung tm ti nguyn v mi trng tnh vnh phc

Bo co TM d n xy dng cng trnh ng trc trung tm th mi M linh - tnh Vnh Phc

3.3.4. Cht lng mi trng t khu vc d n

3.3.5. Cht lng mi trng nc ngm khu vc d n

Chng IV: D bo, nh gi tc ng mi trng ca d n

4.1. Tc ng ca d n trong giai on tin xy dng

4.1.1. Tc ng ti thu nhp ca cc h gia nh b thu

4.1.2. Tc ng ti k hoch s dng t v chin lc pht

4.1.4. Tc ng ti a dng sinh hc v ti nguyn sinh

4.2. Tc ng ca d n trong giai on xy dng

4.2.1. Tc ng n cht lng khng kh

4.2.2. Tc ng n ting n v rung

4.2.4. Tc ng n mi trng nc ngm

4.2.8. Tng tai nn giao thng

4.2.9. Tc ng ti kinh t - x hi ca khu vc d n

4.2.10. Tc ng ti a dng sinh hc v ti nguyn sinh

4.2.11. Nhng nh hng lin quan n c s h tng tm

4.3. Tc ng ca d n trong giai on vn hnh

4.3.1. Tc ng n cht lng khng kh

4.3.4. Tc ng n cht lng nc ngm

4.3.6. Tc ng n a dng sinh hc v ti nguyn sinh

Trung tm ti nguyn v mi trng tnh vnh phc

Bo co TM d n xy dng cng trnh ng trc trung tm th mi M linh - tnh Vnh Phc

4.3.7. Tc ng lm tng cc tai nn giao thng

Chng V: Cc bin php khc phc v gim thiu tc

5.1. Bin php gim thiu trong giai on thit k v thi

5.1.1. Cc bin php gim thiu tc ng n kinh t x hi v di dn

5.1.2. Cc bin php chng ngp ng

5.2. Cc bin php gim thiu nhim trong giai on thi

5.2.1. Cc bin php gim thiu nhim khng kh

5.2.2. Cc bin php gim thiu ting n v rung

5.2.3. Cc bin php gim thiu nhim nc

5.2.4. Cc bin php gim thiu nhim mi trng t

5.2.5. Cc bin php gim thiu tc ng n a dng

5.2.6.Cc bin php gim thiu st l v xi mn t

5.2.7. Cc bin php gim thiu tai nn giao thng v tai

5.2.8. Cc bin php gim thiu cc tc ng kinh t - x

5.2.9. Cc bin php gim thiu nh hng bt li ti a

5.3. Cc bin php gim thiu nhim trong giai on

5.3.1. Cc bin php gim thiu tc ng n cht lng