Professional Documents
Culture Documents
on Th Ngc Hn
i hc Y Dc TP H Ch Minh
Mc tiu hc tp
Gii thiu v nghin cu khoa hc
Cc bc tin hnh mt nghin cu nh lng
Vit mc tiu nghin cu
Nghin cu l g?
Research: The organized quest for new knowledge,
Yu cu ca mt nghin cu tt
Cu hi nghin cu xng ng
Mc tiu nghin cu xc nh r rng
Phng php c thit k tt
Nghin cu c tin hnh ng cch
Phn tch s liu thch hp v y
Vit bo co tt
NCKH
2008
NCKH
2008
NCKH
2008
S liu: gi tr ca bin s
13.7
12.9
10.5
12.9
13.5
12.9
12.1
11.4
15.1
11.1
9
10.4
12.1
13.7
11.4
14.6
11.1
10.9
12.5
10.7
13.5
14.9
9.4
11.8
12.7
11.2
8.8
11.3
13.0
12.9
10.9
11.5
13.2
14.1
10.6
11.7
10.2
14.7
11.6
13.4
13.1
12.0
10.8
10.3
11.4
10.9
11.6
10.8
13.1
12.3
11.8
11.0
11.7
13.6
11.9
10.4
12.5
13.3
9.7
11.0
12.2
NCKH
2008
Thng
tin:
s
liu
c
phn
tch
Hemoglobin
Tn sut Phn trm Phn trm cng dn
8-8,9
1.43
1.43
9-9,9
4.29
5.71
10-10,9
14
20.00
25.71
11-11,9
19
27.14
52.86
12-12,9
14
20.00
72.86
13-13,9
13
18.57
91.43
14-14,9
7.14
98.57
15-15,9
1.43
100.00
10
NCKH
2008
11
NCKH
2008
B m v bo ph
Von Kries R, Koletzko B, et al. Breast feeding and obesity: cross-sectional study. BMJ
1999; 319:147-150
S liu:
Cc gi tr cn o v b cu hi ca 9357 tr 5-6 tui
Thng tin:
Thi gian b sa m
T l hin mc (%) ca
Qu cn
Bo ph
12.6 (12.4 to 12.9)
4.5 (4.4 to 4.6)
9.2 (9.0 to 9.3)
2.8 (2.7 to 2.8)
Kin thc:
C th gim nguy c bo ph tr em bng vic cho b sa m: nu tr
c b m t 3 n 5 thng nguy c bo ph vo lc 5-6 tui s gim 35%
Hnh ng
Khuyn khch b m cho con b sa m gim nguy c bo ph
12
NCKH
2008
Kt cu cng nghin cu
1. Gii thiu
1.1. Thng tin nn tng
1.2. t vn
1.3. Tng quan ti liu
2. Mc tiu
3. Phng php lun
3.1. Loi nghin cu, bin s v k thut thu thp s liu
3.2. Ly mu
3.3. K hoch thu thp s liu
3.4. K hoch x l v phn tch s liu
3.5. Xem xt v o c
3.6. Nghin cu dn ng
Mc ch nghin
cu
Chin lc
nghin cu
Thit k nghin
cu
Hin tng sc
khe xy ra u,
khi no?
M t
Xc nh mi lin
quan nhn qu
M t s phn b
ca hin tng
sc khe
Nghin cu m t
Nguyn nhn ca
hin tng sc
khe l g?
Xc nh nguyn
nhn ca hin
tng sc khe
So snh tn s ca
nhng yu t
Nghin cu phn
tch
So snh tn s ca
hiu qu trong
nhm can thip v
nhm chng
kim nh gi
thuyt
Nghin cu can
thip
Can thip vo
nh gi hiu lc,
nguyn nhn c ci tc ng ca mt
thin c sc
bin php
khe hay khng?
14
Cu hi nghin cu
Cu hi nghin cu phi c th:
Tr li bng con s hay c/khng.
Khi nim phi r rng
Cu hi nghin cu l th v c ngha
Who care? So what?
15
Mun c cu hi nghin cu tt
phi a ra kin ngh d kin
16
Cu hi nghin cu
Cu hi nghin cu no l c th?
Tnh hnh i tho ng nh th no?-ko
T l hin mc i tho ng ngi trng thnh
thnh ph H Ch Minh l bao nhiu?-ok
C nn thay i cch iu tr i tho ng hin nay
hay khng?-no
bnh nhn i tho ng, iu tr tch cc (HbA1c
<6.0 %) c lm ci thin t l sng cn ca bnh nhn
hay khng so vi iu tr tiu chun (HbA1c <6.5 %)?ok
17
Vn nghin cu
Vn : thiu st, khong cch gia iu ang tn ti
l
Nu cha c kin thc tr li: vn nghin cu
19
20
NCKH 2008
21
22
NCKH
2008
Thang im nh gi u tin
Tnh xc hp:
1. Khng xc hp: bnh t gp v khng trm trng
2. Xc hp: bnh ph bin nhng t trm trng
3. Rt xc hp: ph bin c hu qu xu
Trnh trng lp
1. thng tin v vn nghin cu
2. C thng tin v vn nghin cu nhng cha
bao ph vn chnh
3. Khng c thng tin gii quyt vn
23
NCKH
2008
Thang im nh gi u tin
Tnh kh thi
1. Nghin cu khng kh thi vi ti nguyn sn c
2. Nghin cu kh thi vi ngun lc sn c
3. Nghin cu rt kh thi vi ngun lc sn c
Tnh chp nhn ca cp lnh o
1. Ch khng chp nhn c vi lnh o
2. Ch t nhiu kh chp nhn
3. Ch c chp nhn hon ton
24
NCKH
2008
Thang im nh gi u tin
Tnh ng dng
1. Khuyn co t c hi c thc hin
2. Khuyn co c t nhiu c hi c thc hin
3. Khuyn co c nhiu c hi c thc hin
Tnh cp thit
1. Thng tin khng cp thit cn thit
2. Thng tin cn thit ngay nhng c th tr hon
3. Thng tin rt cn thit ra quyt nh
25
NCKH
2008
Thang im nh gi u tin
Tnh chp nhn v o c
1. C vn quan trng v o c
2. C mt t tr ngi v o c
3. Khng c vn o c
26
NCKH
2008
27
NCKH
2008
Vn 1
Vn 2
Vn 3
Vn 4
1. Tnh xc hp
2. Trnh trng
lp
3. Kh thi
4. c lnh
o chp nhn
5. Tnh ng
dng
6. Tnh cp
thit
7. Y c
Tng s
28
NCKH
2008
NCKH
2008
30
NCKH
2008
NCKH
2008
Phn tch vn
Cc bc:
Lm r quan im bng cch xc nh cc vn nh
Chn vn ct li; c t vn ct li (bn cht, phn
t vn ct li trung tm
Tm cc yu t nh hng n vn
Xc nh thm cc yu t gp phn
32
V d:
Vn b tr ARV ca bnh nhn HIV ti TpHCM
T k tr di 3 tui c pht hin tr
33
Tui
Ngh
nghip
Kin
thc
Mc
bnh
Tnh
trng
kinh t
B tr ARV
B
tr nhn
ARV
bnh
HIV
Dch
v y t
p ng
vi iu
tr
Cht
ln
g
dch
v
Thiu
kin
thc
Thiu
gim st
Thi
ca nhn
vin y t
Bs khng
ngh
quan
trng
Ni
sinh
sng
Tnh
trng
kinh t
gd
Gia nh
thiu
kin
thc
Bs
khng
quan
tm
Dv y t
km
Pht hin tr t
k tr di 3
tui
Tui m,
hc vn
cha m,
ngh
nghip
Thiu
phng t
vn,
truy th
thng
Bs thiu
kin
thc v
t k
Phn tch vn
Sp xp cc yu t thnh cc nhm ln v xy
dng s :
Yu t kinh t x hi: Gm tui, gii, hc vn, ngh
36
Xc nh trng tm v phm vi
1. Tnh hu dng thng tin: Thng tin c c t vn
ny c gip ci thin vn hay khng? Gii php gii
quyt c thc hin c hay khng?
2. Tnh kh thi: C th thu thp c nhng thng tin
no trong thi gian d tr thc hin nghin cu?
3. Tnh lp li: C thng tin no c ri? kha cnh no
ca thng tin cn c nghin cu thm.
4. Y c: qu trnh nghin cu c lm tn hi g n i
tng nghin cu hay khng?
Cn tham kho ti liu hoc hi kin chuyn gia
Mc tiu nghin cu
Mc tiu ca mt nghin cu nhm tm tt
nhng g s t c bi nghin cu
Mc tiu nghin cu l mnh khng nh th hin nghin
cu t c iu g tr li cu hi nghin cu:
38
2008
39
2008
Mc tiu nghin cu
Phn loi mc tiu theo cp bao ph
Mc tiu tng qut (general objective, aim)
Th d v mc tiu nghin cu
Mc tiu tng qut (general objective, aim)
Xc nh cc yu t nh hng n vic b tr ARV ca bnh
nhn HIV
Mc tiu nghin cu
Phn loi mc tiu theo mc u tin
Mc tiu chnh (primary objective)
Tr li cu hi nghin cu quan trng nht
Phi t c mc tiu nghin cu chnh
L c s tnh c mu nghin cu
Mc tiu ph (secondary objective):
C th khng t c mc tiu nghin cu ph
Thng khng cn tnh c mu da trn mc tiu ph (c
th tnh lc mu cho mc tiu ph)
Th d v mc tiu nghin cu
Mc tiu chnh (primary objective)
Xc nh hiu qu phng nga bng huyt sau sinh cp (mt trn
2008
Yu cu ca mc tiu nghin cu
Ph hp vi iu kin thc tin, kh thi
Phi bao gm cc kha cnh khc nhau cho
cu,..)
So snh, kim chng, xc nh s lin quan, (kho st,
nghin cu,..)
Yu cu ca mc tiu nghin cu
Phi c th:
Mc tiu c lng: Nu r (a) tham s cn c c
47
2008
thuyt nghin cu
Gi thuyt nghin cu l cu tr li d kin cho cu
hi nghin cu
Misoprostol c lm gim nguy c bng huyt sau sinh
48
2008
Gi thuyt nghin cu
PICO - PECO
P (Polutaion)
I (Intervention) E (exposure)
C (Control)
O (Outcome)
Th d ca gi thuyt nghin
cu
Phu thut ct cng mc su s t va chm v xo trn
vo t chc ni nhn nn kt qu s tt hn
Bnh nhn b glaucome gc m c iu tr bng
50
2008
Tn ti nghin cu
C 2 quan im chnh
Tn ti l mc tiu tng qut ca nghin cu
Tn ti l mt cm danh t th hin cc t kho ca
nghin cu
Tn ti phi th hin c nghin cu s a ra
c kt qu g.
51
2008