Klasifikasi Visual Defects dan acceptance criteria :

Tabel 4.2 Nama Cacat Berdasarkan Hasil Penetrant Test Liquid ASME IX 2013
No.
1.
2.
3.

Nama Cacat

Ukuran Cacat

Cracks
Incomplete

Terminologi
-

Joint

Penetration

Lihat Lampiran

Incomplete Fusion

Acceptance Criteria
QW 194 VISUAL EXAMINATION PERFORMANCE
Performance test coupons shall show no cracks and complete joint
penetration with complete fusion of weld metal and base metal

Tabel 4.3 Nama Cacat Berdasarkan Hasil Penetrant Test Liquid API 1104 2010
No.
1.
2.
3.

Nama Cacat

Ukuran Cacat

Cracks

Acceptance Criteria
Paragraph 6.4 VISUAL EXAMINATION
For a qualification test weld to meet the requirements for visual examination,

Inadequate

Penetration
Burn Through

Terminologi

Lihat Lampiran

the weld shall be free from cracks, inadequate penetration, and burn-through,
and must present a neat workman-like appearance. The depth of undercutting
adjacent to the final bead on the outside of the pipe shall not be more than
1/32 in. (0.8 mm) or 12.5 % of the pipe wall thickness, whichever is smaller,

4.

Undercut

and there shall not be more than 2 in. (50 mm) of undercutting in any
continuous 12 in. (300 mm) length of weld.

Tabel 4.4 Nama Cacat Berdasarkan Hasil Penetrant Test Liquid AWS D1.1 2010
No.
1.
2.

Nama Cacat

Ukuran Cacat

Acceptance Criteria

Crack

Table 6.1 Visual Inspection Acceptance Criteria

Weld base metal

(1) Crack Prohibition

any crack shall be unacceptable, regardless of size or location

fusion

(2) Weld/Base Metal Fusion

3.

Crater

4.

Weld profile

Complete fusion shall exist between adjacent layers of weld metal and

5.

Undersized Welds

metal.

6.

Undercuts

between weld

(3) Crater Cross Section

All craters shall be filled to provide the specified weld size, except for the ends of
Lihat Lampiran

intermittent fillet welds outside of their effective length.

(4) Weld Profiles
Weld profiles shall be in conformance with 5.24
(5) Undersized Welds

7.

Porosity

The size of a fillet weld in any continuous weld may be less than the specified nominal size
(L) without correction by the following amounts (U) :
L,
Specified nominal weld size, in. [mm]
3/16 [5]

U,
allowable decrease from L, in. [mm]
1/16 [2]

1/4 [6]
5/16 [8]

3/32 [2.5]
1/8 [3]

In all cases, the undersize portion of the weld shall not exceed 10% of the weld length. On
web-to-flange welds on girders, underrun shall be prohibited at the ends for a length equal
to twice the width of the flange.
(6) Undercut
(A) For material less than 1 in. [25 mm] thick, undercut shall not exceed 1/32 in. [1 mm],
with the following exception: undercut shall not exceed 1/16 in. [2 mm] for any
accumulated length up to 2 in. [50 mm] in any 12 in. [300 mm]. For material equal to or
greater than 1 in. thick, undercut shall not exceed 1/16 in. [2 mm] for any length of weld.
(B) In primary members, undercut shall be no more than 0.01 in. [0.25 mm] deep when the
weld is transverse to tensile stress under any design loading condition. Undercut shall be
no more than 1/32 in. [1 mm] deep for all other cases.
(7) Porosity
(A) CJP groove welds in butt joints transverse to the direction of computed tensile stress
shall have no visible piping porosity. For all other groove welds and for the fillet welds, the
sum of the visible piping porosity 1/32 in. [1 mm] or greater in diameter shall not exceed
3/8 in. [10 mm] in any linear inch of weld and shall not exceed in. [20 mm] in any 12 in.
[300 mm] length of weld.

(B) The frequency of piping porosity in fillet welds shall not exceed one in each 4 in. [100
mm] of weld length and the maximum diameter shall not exceed 3/32 in. [2.5 mm].
Exception : for fillet welds connecting stiffeners to web, the sum of the diameters of piping
porosity shall not exceed 3/8 in. [10 mm] in any linear inch of weld and shall not exceed
3/4 in. [20 mm] in any 12 in. [300 mm] length of weld.
(C) CJP groove welds in butt joints transverse to the direction of computed tensile stress
shall have no piping porosity. For all the groove welds, the frequency of piping porosity
shall not exceed one in 4 in. [100 mm] of length and the maximum diameter shall not
exceed 3/32 in. [2.5 mm].

4.3.3.2 Penetrant Test

Tabel 4.5 Nama Cacat Berdasarkan Hasil Penetrant Test ASME IX
No.

Nama Cacat

Ukuran Cacat

Terminologi

Acceptance Criteria

Dimensi lebih besar

dari 1,6 mm
1.

Relevan Indication

(apabila kurang dari

1,6 mm bukan

Untuk Acceptance Criterianya, perhatikan apakah cacat tersebut

termasuk relevan linier indication atau rounded indication

merupakan cacat

2.

Linear Indication

Lihat Lampiran

Panjang Cacat > 3 x

lebar

Prosedur dan performance test tidak dapat diterima pemeriksaannya

apabila melebihi batas indikasi dibawah ini :
a. Adanya Relevant linier indication
Prosedur dan performance test tidak dapat diterima pemeriksaannya

3.

Rounded

Panjang Cacat < 3 x

Indication

lebar

apabila melebihi batas indikasi dibawah ini :

b. Relevant rounded indication
c. Empat atau lebih relevant rounded indication didalam satu baris
dengan jarak 1/16 in. [1,6 mm] atau kurang (tepi ke tepi)

Tabel 4.6 Nama Cacat Berdasarkan Hasil Penetrant Test API 1104 2010
No.

Nama Cacat

Ukuran Cacat

Terminologi

Acceptance Criteria
Indikasi linier dengan kriteria 9.5.2 tidak diterima apabila :
a. Dievaluasi sebagai retak kawah atau retak bintang (crater crack

Bentuk cacat
1.

Linier Indication

memanjang (ukuran
panjang 3 x lebar)

or star crack) dengan panjang melebihi 4 mm.

b. Dievaluasi selain retak kawah atau retak bintang (crater crack
or star crack).
c. Dievaluasi sebagai fusi tidak komplit (IF) dan melebihi panjang
total 1 in (25 mm) pada setiap lasan kontinu dengan panjang 12

Lihat Lampiran

in (300 mm) atau 8% panjang lasan.

Indikasi bulatan (rounded indication) di evaluasi dengan kriteria

2.

Rounded

Bentuk Cacat Bulat

Indication

atau oval 3 x lebar

9.3.9.2 dan 9.3.9.3 tidak diterima apabia :

a. Ukuran pori individual > 3 mm.
b. Ukuran lebih dari 25% tebal dinding tertipis dari yang
tersambung.

Informasi tambahan :
Indikasi relevan adalah indikasi yang disebabkan oleh diskontinuitas.
Untuk pengujian welder, PT tidak termasuk.

Tabel 4.7 Nama Cacat Berdasarkan Hasil Penetrant Test AWS D1.1 2010
No.

Nama Cacat

Ukuran Cacat

Acceptance Criteria
Table 6.1 Visual Inspection Acceptance Criteria
(1) Crack Prohibition
any crack shall be unacceptable, regardless of size or location
(2) Weld/Base Metal Fusion
Complete fusion shall exist between adjacent layers of weld metal and

between weld

metal.
(3) Crater Cross Section
All craters shall be filled to provide the specified weld size, except for the ends of
1.

Crack

Lihat Lampiran

intermittent fillet welds outside of their effective length.

(4) Weld Profiles
Weld profiles shall be in conformance with 5.24
(5) Undersized Welds
The size of a fillet weld in any continuous weld may be less than the specified nominal size
(L) without correction by the following amounts (U) :
L,
Specified nominal weld size, in. [mm]
3/16 [5]

U,
allowable decrease from L, in. [mm]
1/16 [2]

1/4 [6]
5/16 [8]

3/32 [2.5]
1/8 [3]

In all cases, the undersize portion of the weld shall not exceed 10% of the weld length. On
web-to-flange welds on girders, underrun shall be prohibited at the ends for a length equal
to twice the width of the flange.
(6) Undercut
(A) For material less than 1 in. [25 mm] thick, undercut shall not exceed 1/32 in. [1 mm],
with the following exception: undercut shall not exceed 1/16 in. [2 mm] for any
accumulated length up to 2 in. [50 mm] in any 12 in. [300 mm]. For material equal to or
greater than 1 in. thick, undercut shall not exceed 1/16 in. [2 mm] for any length of weld.
(B) In primary members, undercut shall be no more than 0.01 in. [0.25 mm] deep when the
weld is transverse to tensile stress under any design loading condition. Undercut shall be
no more than 1/32 in. [1 mm] deep for all other cases.
(7) Porosity
(A) CJP groove welds in butt joints transverse to the direction of computed tensile stress
shall have no visible piping porosity. For all other groove welds and for the fillet welds, the
sum of the visible piping porosity 1/32 in. [1 mm] or greater in diameter shall not exceed
3/8 in. [10 mm] in any linear inch of weld and shall not exceed in. [20 mm] in any 12 in.
[300 mm] length of weld.

(B) The frequency of piping porosity in fillet welds shall not exceed one in each 4 in. [100
mm] of weld length and the maximum diameter shall not exceed 3/32 in. [2.5 mm].
Exception : for fillet welds connecting stiffeners to web, the sum of the diameters of piping
porosity shall not exceed 3/8 in. [10 mm] in any linear inch of weld and shall not exceed
3/4 in. [20 mm] in any 12 in. [300 mm] length of weld.
(C) CJP groove welds in butt joints transverse to the direction of computed tensile stress
shall have no piping porosity. For all the groove welds, the frequency of piping porosity
shall not exceed one in 4 in. [100 mm] of length and the maximum diameter shall not
exceed 3/32 in. [2.5 mm].

Informasi tambahan :
Untuk pengujian welder, PT tidak termasuk.

4.3.3.3 Magnetic Particle Test

Tabel 4.8 Nama Cacat Berdasarkan Hasil Magnetic Particle Test ASME IX 2013
Acceptance Criteria

No.

Nama Cacat

Ukuran Cacat

1.

Surface Concavity

Appendix 6, Paragraph 6-4

2.

Spatter

These acceptance standards shall apply unless other more restrictive standards are specified

3.

Slag

for specific materials or applications within this division.

Lihat Lampiran

4.

Undercut

(ASME IX in accordance ASME VIII)

All surfaces to be examined shall be free of :

(a) Relevant linear indications;
(b) Relevan rounded indications grater than 3/16 in. (5 mm);
(c) Four or more relevant rounded indications in a line separated by 1/16 in. (1.5 mm) or
less, edge to edge.

Tabel 4.9 Nama Cacat Berdasarkan Hasil Magnetic Particle Test API 1104 - 2010
Acceptance Criteria

No.

Nama Cacat

Ukuran Cacat

1.

Surface Concavity

Paragraph 9.4.2

2.

Spatter

Relevant indications shall be considered defects should any of the following conditions

3.

Slag

exist :

(API 1104)

a. Linear indications evaluated as crater cracks or star cracks exceed 5/32 in. (4
mm) in length.
b. Linear indications are evaluated as cracks other than crater cracks or star cracks.
Lihat Lampiran

c. Linear indications are evaluated as IF and exceed 1 in. (25 mm) in total length in
a continuous 12 in. (300 mm) length of weld or 8% of the weld length.

4.

Undercut

Rounded indications shall be evaluated acording to the criteria of 9.3.9.2 and 9.3.9.3, as
applicable. For evaluation purposes, the maximum dimension of a rounded indication
shall be considered its size.
Note : When doubt exists about the type of imperfections being disclosed by an indication,
verification may be obtained by using other nondestructive testing methods.

Tabel 4.10 Nama Cacat Berdasarkan Hasil Magnetic Particle Test AWS D1.1 - 2010
Acceptance Criteria

No.

Nama Cacat

Ukuran Cacat

1.

Surface Concavity

Table 6.1 Visual Inspection Acceptance Criteria

2.

Spatter

(1) Crack Prohibition

3.

Slag

(AWS D1.1)

any crack shall be unacceptable, regardless of size or location

(6) Undercut
(A) For material less than 1 in. [25 mm] thick, undercut shall not exceed 1/32 in. [1
mm], with the following exception: undercut shall not exceed 1/16 in. [2 mm] for
any accumulated length up to 2 in. [50 mm] in any 12 in. [300 mm]. For material
Lihat Lampiran

4.

Undercut

equal to or greater than 1 in. thick, undercut shall not exceed 1/16 in. [2 mm] for any
length of weld.
(B) In primary members, undercut shall be no more than 0.01 in. [0.25 mm] deep
when the weld is transverse to tensile stress under any design loading condition.
Undercut shall be no more than 1/32 in. [1 mm] deep for all other cases.
(7) Porosity
(A) CJP groove welds in butt joints transverse to the direction of computed tensile
stress shall have no visible piping porosity. For all other groove welds and for the
fillet welds, the sum of the visible piping porosity 1/32 in. [1 mm] or greater in

diameter shall not exceed 3/8 in. [10 mm] in any linear inch of weld and shall not
exceed in. [20 mm] in any 12 in. [300 mm] length of weld.
(B) The frequency of piping porosity in fillet welds shall not exceed one in each 4
in. [100 mm] of weld length and the maximum diameter shall not exceed 3/32 in.
[2.5 mm]. Exception : for fillet welds connecting stiffeners to web, the sum of the
diameters of piping porosity shall not exceed 3/8 in. [10 mm] in any linear inch of
weld and shall not exceed 3/4 in. [20 mm] in any 12 in. [300 mm] length of weld.
(C) CJP groove welds in butt joints transverse to the direction of computed tensile
stress shall have no piping porosity. For all the groove welds, the frequency of
piping porosity shall not exceed one in 4 in. [100 mm] of length and the maximum
diameter shall not exceed 3/32 in. [2.5 mm].