Reference

Calculation

Output

Ac

Area of concrete

Acc

Area of concrete in compression

As
As min

Area of tension reinforcement

Minimum area of tension reinforcement

av

Length of that part of member traversed by shear failure plane

With (breath) or effective width of section

Cover to outer diameter

d
Fc

Effective depth of section

Basic force used in defining compressive forces

Ft

Basic force used in defining tie forces

fcu

Characteristic strength of concrete

fs

Estimated design service stress in the tension reinforcement

fy

Characteristic strength of reinforcement

Shear modulus

H
Hx

Maximum horizontal force

Horizontal force in x direction

Hy

Horizontal force in y direction

Overall depth

KEL

Knife edge load

L
lx

Critical perimeter
Dimension of element on x direction

ly

Dimension of element on y direction

lz

Dimension of element on z direction

M
Mx

Design ultimate resistance moment

Moment on x axis

My

Moment on y axis

Mz

Moment on z axis

Surcharge load

Internal radius of bend

SLS

Serviceability limit state

Traction force

Thickness of the element

ULS

Ultimate limit state

Shear force due to design ultimate loads or design ultimate value of a

concentrated load

Design shear stress

vc

Design shear stress in concrete

Neutral axis depth

x'

Distance from Y axis to the centroid of an element

y'

Distance from X axis to the centroid of an element

Lever arm

z'

Distance from X - Y plane to point where the considered resultant

fL
f3

D
E
C

DESIGN UNIT
EPC DIVISION

force acting
Coefficient, variously defined, as appropriate
Strain in tension reinforcement
Nominal range of movement
Soil friction angle, or diameter
Active earth pressure
Unit weight of soil
Partial load factor
Partial load factor

Doc. No.
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D
E
C CENTRAL ENGINEERING CONSULTANCY BUREAU (CECB)
Reference
Calculation

D
E
C

DESIGN UNIT

Job Code

Page
Output

Doc. No.
Designed

Date

D
E EPC DIVISION
C CENTRAL ENGINEERING CONSULTANCY BUREAU (CECB)
Reference
Calculation

Checked
Job Code

Date
Page
Output

Doc. No.

D DESIGN UNIT
E EPC DIVISION
C CENTRAL ENGINEERING CONSULTANCY BUREAU (CECB)
Reference
Calculation

Designed
Checked
Job Code

Date
Date
Page
Output

D DESIGN UNIT
E EPC DIVISION
C CENTRAL ENGINEERING CONSULTANCY BUREAU (CECB)
Reference
Calculation

Doc. No.
Designed
Checked
Job Code

Date
Date
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Output

D
E
C

DESIGN UNIT
EPC DIVISION
CENTRAL ENGINEERING CONSULTANCY BUREAU (CECB)

Doc. No.
Designed
Checked
Job Code

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Reference

Calculation

Output

Design of Box Culvert

Ground Level

X
hs

B
H

hw

hw

h
l

hs

Figure 01
Dimentional Properties
h

1.2 m

1.5 m

7.2 m

Safe Bearing Pressure

150 kN/m2

Section Thickness
Main R/F
Cover to R/F
Grade of Concrete

0.2 m

=
=

12 mm
45 mm
25 N/mm2
24 kN/m3

Soil Cover ,

( hw , h

= span/(10 ~15))

Properties of Soil

'

20

kN/m3

9.81 kN/m3
25

1 - Permanent Loads
1.1 Dead Loads
The nominal dead doad consist of the weight of the materials and the
part of the structure
Structural

Unit Weight of Concrete shall be taken as 24 kN/m3

Engineering

Becouse of the arching of soil, check whether the depth above culvert is

Design in

> 3 x width of culvert ( in which case limit depth to 3 x width )

preactice
(Roger -

Depth of cover (H)

westbrook)

3 x width

(page-94)

7.2
= 3 x
=

m
1.6

4.8 m

3 x width < =

7.2 m

4.8 m

4.8 x

20

96

kN/m2

Depth limited to

So

Surcharge on Roof
Surcharge Presure (qr)
qr

Soil
Engineering
(Spangler &
Handy)

Casses of conduit installation consider as Ditch Conduit

Ditch Conduit
A ditch conduit is defined as one which is instaled in a relatively narrow
ditch dug in passive or undisturbed soil and wich is then covered with earth
backfill.

Ceylon Electricity Board

C
E
B

Dam Safety
Environmental &
Civil Structure Maintanance

Doc. No.
Designed
Checked
Job Code

S.M.P

Date 31.05.2010
Date
1
Page

Reference

Calculation

Output

Maximum load on ditch condition

Depth of cover

7.2

Surcharge on Roof
Surcharge Presure (qr)
(qr)
= Cd..Bd2
Cd

1-e-2K'(H/Bd)
2.K.'

'

= tan '

1-sin
1+sin

'

coedicient of friction between fill material

and side of ditch

Active Lateral earth pressure coeficient

Bd

Horizontal width of ditch at top of conduit

Unit weight (wet density) of filling material

Height of fill above top of conduite

Cd

Load coeficient for ditch condition

So, K

1-sin

Bd =

3.60 m, Consider 1m length of Roof slab

1+sin
=
'

=
2.K.'.(H/Bd) =
Cd

Structural

0.406

= tan '

0.466
0.76
1.403

(qr)

= Cd..Bd2

(qr)

101.0 kN/m2

1.2 Horizontal Earth Pressure

Engineering

Design in

If the backfill properties are known,

preactice

If wall friction is to be ignored

(Roger westbrook)

K0

= 1-sin '

0.58

(page-94)

Ka

= ( 1-sin ' ) / ( 1+sin ' )

0.41

q max

Ceylon Electricity Board

C
E
B

Dam Safety
Environmental &
Civil Structure Maintanance

( = 0 )

= .Ka.h
=
20 x 0.41 x
= 73.9 kN/m2

qep

=
20 x 0.41 x
= 15.42
kN/m2

q
q

= qmax - qep
=
58.44 kN/m2

Doc. No.
Designed
Checked
Job Code

9.1

1.9

S.M.P

Date 31.05.2010
Date
1
Page

Reference
AASHTO

Calculation

Output

2 - Vertical Live Loads

3.7.1
For Fill Depths H 8 feet (2400 mm) and Culvert Clear Span Length,
The effect of live load is neglected in design when the depth of fill is more than

8 feet
3 - Hydrostatic Pressure (Internal)

q ip

= C.h
= 9.81 x 1.7
= 16.68
kN/m2

4 - Analysis
Reinforced
Concrete

Constant K

Designers

{ hhs } 3

1.21

k1
k3

=
=

K+1
K+3

=
=

2.21
4.21

k5
k7

2K+3

5.43

=
=

2K+7

9.43

3K+8

11.64

Manual
(ref-5.1)

k8

4.1 Load Case -01 Testing Condition

4.1.1 Hydrostatic Pressure-(Internal)
Reinforced

MA =

2
MB = qip.h .K.k7
60.k1.k3
= 0.99 kN.m/m

MC =

MD = Ma. K8
k7
= 1.22 kN.m/m

Concrete
qip

Designers
Manual

(ref-5.1)

q = qip
Pressures

B.M.D

4.1.2 Flexure due to weight of wall

= hw..h

Wall weight ( G )

8.2 kN/m

q1 = 2.G
l.hw

10.20 kN/m2

Reinforced
A

Concrete

MA =

2
MB = q1.l .K
12.k1.k3
= 0.22 kN.m/m

MC =

MD = Ma. K5
K
=
-0.97

Designers
G

Manual

(ref-5.1)

D
q1
Pressures

B.M.D

kN.m/m

4.1.3 Flexure due to weight of Roof

q

C
E
B

Dam Safety
Environmental &
Civil Structure Maintanance

= hs.c

4.8

Doc. No.
Designed
Checked
Job Code

kN/m2

S.M.P

Date 31.05.2010
Date
2
Page

Reference

Calculation
A

Output

MA =

2
= q.l
12.k1
=
-0.35

D
q = q1
Pressures

MB =

B.M.D

MC =

MD

kN.m/m

Addition of moment for Load case 01

Position

Hydrostatic

ulsMb

Walls

Roof

Walls +
Roof

ulsMb

Total
uls

A and B

0.99

1.4

1.38

0.22

-0.35

-0.14

1.4

-0.19

1.19

C and D

1.22

1.4

1.70

-0.97

-0.35

-1.32

1.4

-1.85

-0.15

Roof midSpan

0.99

1.4

1.38

0.22

1.04

1.4

1.45

2.83

Base midSpan

1.22

1.4

1.70

**
1.53

0.82

2.35

1.4

3.29

5.00

Walls
middle

*
-2.06

1.4

-2.88

-0.38

-0.35

-0.73

1.4

-1.02

-3.90

**
0.82

**

Table - 01
Fixed end mement of the wall for Hydrostatic load
MA

MC

W.L

W.L

2.41 kN.m/m

15
=

10

1.61 kN.m/m

Maximum (-ve) moment

(Where x is 0.45L from C)

W.L
23.3

-1.0 kN.m/m

* Calculation of moment at mid span of walls done by aproximatly by adding

moment transferred to mid span from FEM to the Maximum negative meoment
occurred at 0.45L after moment distribution
** Moment at mid span of the wall is calculated by considering full bending
Calculation of midspan moment due to wall load
Niutral axis depth from A

0.26 m

4.2 Load Case -02 Culvert empty and trench filled

Lateral soil pressurees giving rise to flexture in the structure

"q"is the rectanguler pressure and "qep" is the triangular pressure
4.2.1 Trianguler Pressure,qep
Reinforced
Concrete

MA =

2
MB = qep.h .K.k7
60.k1.k3
= -0.91 kN.m/m

MC =

MD = MA. K8
k7
= -1.13 kN.m/m

Designers
Manual
(ref-5.1)
qep

qep
Pressures

C
E
B

Dam Safety
Environmental &
Civil Structure Maintanance

D
B.M.D

Doc. No.
Designed
Checked
Job Code

S.M.P

Date 31.05.2010
Date
3
Page

Reference

Calculation

Output

4.2.2 Surcharge on walls,q

MA =

Reinforced
Concrete
Designers
Manual
(ref-5.1)

MB = MC = MD
2
= q.h .K
12.k1
= -7.72 kN.m/m
4.2.3 Surcharge on Roof ,qr
MA = MB = MC = MD
2
= q.l
12.k1
=
-7.45 kN.m/m
Addition of moment for Load Case 2

B.M.D
A

B.M.D

Walls & Surcharg - Total

Roof(LC-1) e (Roof) (Survice)

Total
U.L.S.

-16.22

1.4

-22.70

-7.45

-17.62

1.4

-24.66

1.04

17.29

9.70

1.4

13.58

2.35

17.29

10.80

1.4

15.12

-0.73

-7.45

6.65

1.4

9.31

A and B

-0.91

-7.72

-0.14

-7.45

C and D

-1.13

-7.72

-1.32

Roof midSpan

-0.91

-7.72

Base midSpan

-1.13

-7.72

**
13.39

qep

1.43

Pressures

Posotion

Walls middle

D
Pressures

Fixed end mement of the wall due to qep

MA

MC

W.L

W.L

2.23 kN.m/m

15
=

10

1.49 kN.m/m

Maximum (-ve) moment

(Where x is 0.45L from C)

W.L
23.3

-1.0 kN.m/m

4.2 Load Case -03

4.2.1 This is load case 02 + Hydrostatic load from Load case 01

C
E
B

Posotion

L.C.02
(Service)

Hydrost.
(Service)

Total
(Service)

L.C.02
(U.L.S.)

Hydrost.
(U.L.S.)

A and B

-16.22

0.99

-15.23

-22.70

1.38

-21.32

C and D

-17.62

1.22

-16.40

-24.66

1.70

-22.96

Roof midSpan

9.70

0.99

10.69

13.58

1.38

14.96

Base midSpan

10.80

1.22

12.02

15.12

1.70

16.83

Walls middle

6.65

-2.06

4.59

9.31

-2.88

6.43

Dam Safety
Environmental &
Civil Structure Maintanance

Doc. No.
Designed
Checked
Job Code

Total

(U.L.S.)

S.M.P

Date 31.05.2010
Date
4
Page

Reference

Calculation

Output

5 - Check on ground safe bearing pressure

5.1 Load Case -01
Hydrostatic Pressure

16.68

kN/m2

Weight of walls

10.20

kN/m2

Weight of Roof + Floor

9.60

kN/m2

Total Pressure

36.48

Weight of walls

10.20

kN/m2

Weight of Roof + Floor

9.60

kN/m2

Surcharge on Roof
Total Pressure

=
=

96.00

kN/m2
115.80 kN/m2
hence ok

Weight of walls

10.20

kN/m2

Weight of Roof + Floor

9.60

kN/m2

Surcharge on Roof
Hydrostatic Pressure

=
=

96.00

kN/m2

Total Pressure

Total Pressure

<

kN/m2
hence ok

150 kN/m2

5.2 Load Case -02

Total Pressure

<

150 kN/m2

5.3 Load Case -03

Total Pressure

<

150 kN/m2

16.68

kN/m2
122.28 kN/m2
hence ok

6 - U.L.S. of Flexture
Maximum Moments kN.m/m
Member

Hogging

Sagging

Roof

-22.70

(L.C-01)

14.96

(L.C-03)

Walls

-24.66

(L.C-02)

9.31

(L.C-02)

Base

-24.66

(L.C-02)

16.83

(L.C-03)

i - Slabs
Maximum Moment

C
E
B

Dam Safety
Environmental &
Civil Structure Maintanance

24.15

kN.m/m

Doc. No.
Designed
Checked
Job Code

S.M.P

Date 31.05.2010
Date
5
Page

Reference

Calculation
6-

Output

Design Calculation for Box Culvert

6.1 U.L.S. of Flexture

Analysis was carried out for several load cases of various loading
arrangements to find out the maximum effect on the Box culvert
=

12

12

Section Thickness

mm
mm
= 200 mm

Maximum Bending Moment

Diameter of main reinforcement

Diameter of secondary reinforcement

24.15

kN.m/m

Assume severe environment condition, for driving rain

= 45 mm
Cover
=

Effective depth, d

200 -

45 -

= 149

mm

= 149
k

mm
2
= M / (bd fcu)

= (24.15x106 /(1000x1492x25)
= 0.044 < 0.156
Hence no compression r/f is required
M
z

= (0.87fy)Asz
= (1 - 1.1fyAs/ fcubd) d
z
z

equation 1
equation 5

from these two equations

= d (0.5+(0.25-k/0.9)1/2
1/2
= d [0.5+(0.25-0.044/0.9)
=

141.41

< 0.950 d

Take Z as 0.95d
Z = 0.95 d
= 0.95 x 149

= 142

mm

6.1.1 Design of main reinforcement

As = M / 0.87fyz
= 24.15 x106 / 0.87x460x142
=
426
mm2/m
Use

12

250

( As

As req

426
452

mm /m

As pro =
452

Minimum area of main rainforcement for slabs

100As / bad = 100x452/(1000x149)

= 0.30

## 0.13

mm2/m
mm2/m

Main r/f
T

12

250

Hence o.k

6.2 Design for Shear Reinforcement

Check shear in U.L.S. on roof and floor slabs

Take Load case 02
Shear across support
= ( 115.80 - Wt of Base x f )
= 109.08 kN/m2
Therefore shear in the support =
=

C
E
B

Dam Safety
Environmental &
Civil Structure Maintanance

109.08 x 1.2 /2
65.45 kN/m
Doc. No.
Designed
Checked
Job Code

S.M.P

Date 31.05.2010
Date
6
Page

Reference

Calculation
Design shear force, V design

Output

65.45 kN/m

149 mm
Tension steel across shear plane = Y12 -250 c/c

Effective depth, d

100 As/bd =
=
BS 8110

Effective depth

vc

Part 01
table 3.1
Design shear stress

100 x 452
1000x149
0.30

= 149 mm
1/3.
1/4
= 0.79x{(100As/bd) (400/d) /1.25
= 0.54
= V/bd
= (65.45x103)/(1000x149)
= 0.44 N/mm2

<

vc

Hence o.k

6.3 Check in U.L.S. on the ability of the wall to trasmit the axial loads
Bs 8110

Treat as a column with bending at right angle to wall

Check h/hw

3.9.3.6.2
3.4.4.1

=
=

1.7 /
0.2
8.5 <
12
hence column is short

BS 8110 indicates that the effect of the axial load may be ignored if this force does
not exceed 0.1.fcu.(c.s.a.)

hence

0.1.fcu.(C.S.A)

Ultimate Load /m/Wall

0.1 x

600

30 x

1/2( 96.0 x
+

200

kN/m
1.7

0.2 x

120 kN/m <

x 1.4
1.7 x 24x1.4 )

600 kN/m

hence o.k.
The above calculation assumes that the wall is cosidered as reignfoced and not
mass concrete
vertical R/F provided

= Y

so Area
Percentage of Concrete area

=
=

12

1131.0 x
1000 x

=
This is

C
E
B

Dam Safety
Environmental &
Civil Structure Maintanance

> Minimum of 0.4%

200

2 Layers

1131.0 mm2
100
149

0.76 % >

0.4 %

hence o.k.

Doc. No.
Designed
Checked
Job Code

S.M.P

Date 31.05.2010
Date
7
Page

Reference

C
E
B

Dam Safety
Environmental &
Civil Structure Maintanance

Calculation

Output

Doc. No.
Designed
Checked
Job Code

S.M.P

Date 31.05.2010
Date
8
Page