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The Doukhobor "sect" is a small Christian denomination. Their story began in Russia in the 17th
century; it continues in western Canada to this day.
The Origins of the Doukhobor Movement
The earliest history of the Doukhobors is somewhat cloudy, because of their reliance on oral, rather
than written, traditions and teachings. Some aspects of their origins are clear, however.
They began as Russian Orthodox Christians, in southern Russia. At some time in the 1600s, Danilo
Filipov gained a following by preaching sermons which disagreed with the standard beliefs and
practices of the Orthodox church.
By the late 18th century, there were enough Doukhobors to be persecuted by both the Orthodox
church and the Tsarist government of Russia. The name was coined in 1785 by an Orthodox
archbishop.
The Doukhobors intended to peacefully farm. From 1802, Tsar Alexander I allowed them about 40
years in the Crimean frontier. Tsar Nicholas I moved them to the Caucasus, where Lukeriia
Kalmikova led them into relative prosperity until her death in 1886.
Her adopted son, Peter Verigin, nicknamed "Gospodii" (meaning, "Lordly"), emerged as the leader
but was exiled to Siberia. Despite this, by 1895 Gospodii further radicalized Doukhobor beliefs to
include communal living, teetotal abstinence from alcohol and vegetarianism. To emphasize their
pacifism, they held a public anti-war protest called "The Burning of Arms".
Doukhobor Emigration to Canada
Leo Tolstoy, British and American Quakers, and Russian anarchists supported about 7,500
Doukhobors to emigrate from Russia to Canada in 1899. They went to Saskatchewan, influenced by
farming conditions similar to what they had left behind. Gospodii and another 500 Doukhobors