Biện pháp thi công semi topdown

Tng cng ty c phn xut nhp khu v xy dng vit nam - Vinaconex -
cng ty c phn xy dng s 5

vinaconex No5.,JSC
a ch : - S 203 Trn Ph, Bm Sn, Tnh Thanh Ho

in thoi: 0373 824 876 - 825 001; Fax: 0373 824 211
Xy nhng gi tr,
Dng nhng c m
- Tng 2, To Nh Vimeco l E9, ng Phm Hng - Cu Giy - H ni

in thoi: 04 7849 731; Fax: 04 7848 937; E. mail: Vinaconex5@vnn.vn
Web Site: http://Vinaconex5.com.vn ; http://Vinaconex5.vn
thuyt minh bin php t chc thi cng

gi thu: thi cng v hon thin tng hm nh N01
d n:
trung tm thng mi, dch v v nh Golden-land buildinh
a ch :
275 nguyn tri thanh xun h ni
chng 1 : Gii thiu chung v cng trnh.........................................3

I- C s lp bin php....................................................................3
II- c im cng trnh:...............................................................3
III- iu kin thi cng:...................................................................4
chng 2 : bin php t chc thi cng...............................................5
I - Nguyn tc:................................................................................ 5
II - Vt t, vt liu xy dng............................................................5
III- T chc b my qun l cng trng:.........................................7
IV - vt t, thit b xe my s dng trong cng trnh......................8
Chng 3 : T chc mt bng thi cng............................................10
I - Nguyn tc chung:...................................................................10
II - hng ro bo v:.....................................................................10
III - kho bi cng trng:..................................................................11
IV - h thng in:......................................................................11
V - H thng cp nc, thot nc thi cng:.......................................11
VI - b tr my thi cng:................................................................12
Chng 4 : bin php k thut thi cng............................................13
I - Cng tc chun b mt bng thi cng:.....................................13
II- Cng tc trc a v nh v mt bng:..............................13
Iii- Trnh t thi cng Semi topdown phn ngm...........................14
IV- bin php k thut thi cng cp pha, gio.........................17
V - bin php k thut thi cng ct thp:.....................................19
VI - bin php k thut thi cng b tng:.....................................21
VII. bin php k thut thi cng chng thm................................22
viII- bin php k thut xy gch:...............................................23
IX- BIN PHP THI CNG hon thin:............................................24
chng 5 : tin thi cng..............................................................34
chng 6 : bin php Qun l cht lng.............................................35
chng 7 : bin php an ton lao ng v an ninh bo v..............40
chng 8 : bin php bo V mi trng phng chng n..................42
chng 9 : Bin php m bo cht lng, tin cng trnh v bo
hnh cng trnh.............................................................................. 43
chng 10 : bin php phng chng chy n ngp ng...................48
chng 11 : p dng cc bin php khoa hc k thut thi cng
cng trnh t cht lng cao...........................................................50
1

vinaconex No5.,JSC

in thoi: 0373 824 876 - 825 001; Fax: 0373 824 211
Xy nhng gi tr,
Dng nhng c m


vinaconex No5.,JSC

in thoi: 0373 824 876 - 825 001; Fax: 0373 824 211
Xy nhng gi tr,
Dng nhng c m

thuyt minh bin php t chc thi cng

chng 1 : Gii thiu chung v cng trnh
I- C s lp bin php
- H s yu cu gi thu: Thi cng v hon thin tng hm nh N01

thuc d n - Trung tm thng mi, dch v v nh Golden Land
Bulding.
- H s thit k bn v thi cng km theo.
- Ti liu v kho st a cht cng trnh v yu cu k thut ca
d n.
- Cc tiu chun Vit Nam v tiu chun ngnh.
II- c im cng trnh:
M t chung:
Cng trnh : Trung tm thng mi, dch v nh Golden Land
Building vi tng din tch khu t khong 23379 m2.
D n gm 3 ta nh chnh l: Trung tm thng mi, ta nh N01 gmg 3
n nguyn A,B,C v Nh chuyn giao thnh ph. Quy m d n nh sau:
Din tch nm trong ch gii khong: 94 m2
Din tch nm ngoi ch gii khong: 23285 m2
Din tch t xy dng TTTM khong : 5501 m2
Din tch t xy dng nh cao tng khong : 14203 m2
Din tch t xy dng nh chuyn giao thnh ph khong : 3554 m2
Tng din tch sn xy dng : 140598 m2
Din tch sn ta nh TTTM khong : 21903 m2
Din tch sn xy dng nh cao tng N01 khong : 107345 m2
Din tch sn xy dng nh chuyn gia TP khong : 11350 m2
Mt xy dng khong : 39.5%
Kt cu phn mng v tng hm l h thng cc khoan nhi bng BTCT.
Kt cu chu lc chnh ca phn thn l h kt cu hn hp b tng ct thp
khung khng gian kt hp vch li bng BTCT ton khi.
Gi thu thi cng v hon thin tng hm c quy m nh sau: C 3 tng
hm din tch mi tng hm l 12018m2.Tng din tch sn tng hm l
36054m2.C 03 li thot theo cu thang v 04 ng dc cho xe xung hm.
Tng hm 1 cos -5.000 din tch khong 12.018m2 khong 293 xe t.

vinaconex No5.,JSC

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Tng hm 2 cos -8.200 din tch khong 12.018m2 khong 299 xe t.

Tng hm 3 cos -11.400 din tch khong 12.018m2 khong 197 xe t v
1650 xe my.
Mt bng tng hm ch yu b tr gara t, xe my, cc phng k thut,
kho, phng thng trc trng xe ng dc cho xe xung hm b nc phc v sinh
ot v phng chy cha chy, b pht, trm in.
Do c im v tr cng trnh, gii hn ca cng trnh trong phm vi l
t v ng thi xung quanh c cc cng trnh ang s dng nn trong phng n thit k ch r thi cng tng hm bng phng php sowmi topdown.
Phn tng baret xung quanh, cc khoan nhi, cc p thi cng xong hin
ti mt bng khng b vng mc y l thun li cho n v trin khai thi
cng.
ng thi c th ca cng trnh l Trung tm thng mi, dch v v nh
nn i hi cht lng thi cng cao p ng c mc ch s dng.
Mt bng cng trng nm trong cc tuyn ph ln, xung quanh c

dn c v cc tr s ang hot ng. V th vic m bo cng tc an
ton trt t an ninh, an ton lao ng hay v sinh mi trng phi c
tun th vi mc quan trng tng ng nh vic thi cng cng trnh.
III- iu kin thi cng:
Vi cc iu kin trn vic thi cng cng trnh c nhng thun li v kh
khn nh sau:
1. Thun li:
- C lc lng CBCNV nhiu kinh nghim v v ang thi cng nhiu cng
trnh tng t nh: Trung tm thng mi ch M, Tr s tng cng ty 34 Lng
H,cng trnh nh 29T1- d n N05 -Trung Ho Nhn Chnh
- Ngun cung cp vt t sn c ti th trng H Ni.
- Gn tr s Cng ty nn rt thun li cho vic iu hnh thi cng.
2. Kh khn:
Nhng kh khn cn phi khc phc v c bin php gii quyt:Mt
bng thi cng cht hp.
- Tt c cc kh khn Nh thu u xc nh v khc phc c
thc hin gi thu ng tin .
Cng trnh nm trn v tr giao thng thun li cho phng tin cung cp
vt t. Nh thu chng ti c y trang thit b cho thi cng cc hng mc

vinaconex No5.,JSC

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trn, c ngun nhn lc di do, trnh chuyn mn nghip v cao, chuyn

nghip, c kh nng huy ng vn thi cng cho nhiu cng trnh.

vinaconex No5.,JSC

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Xy nhng gi tr,
Dng nhng c m

chng 2 : bin php t chc thi cng

I - Nguyn tc:
Chng ti ra bin php thi cng vi nguyn tc sau:
m bo an ton v ngi v thit b thi cng.
m bo cht lng cng trnh.
m bo tin thi cng.
m bo hiu qu kinh t.
II - Vt t, vt liu xy dng.
Sau khi xem xt thit k v yu cu cht lng vt liu, nh thu tin hnh
kho st cc ngun vt t trn ia bn s ti v a bn ln cn ti cng trng
i n quyt nh s dng cc loi vt t a vo cng trnh nhm m bo
cht lng t yu cu ca thit k ra.
1. Xi mng
- Xi mng s dng xi mng Pooclng PCB 40, 30 c cung cp t cc doanh
nghip trong nc.
- Xi mng trc khi a vo thi cng c tin hnh th nghim, c Ban qun
l d n v T vn gim st chp nhn.
+ Xi mng khi tp kt ti cng trnh phi c bao b, nhn mc y , c
ho n ca nh sn xut, hoc ni bn hng.
+ Xi mng trong kho c t trn sn g cch t 30cm chng m. Kho
xi mng m bo kn, khng m t. Khi xp xi mng trong kho khng c xp
chng cao qu 10 bao v lng xi mng d tr trong kho khng c qu thi
hn 1 thng.
- Xi mng cha trong kho qua 1 tun th c tun phi o bao mt ln
nhm khng b chc hoc vn cc.
- Vic vn chuyn v bo qun xi mng ti kho phi tun th cc quy nh
hin hnh. Phi c phiu xc nhn cht lng ca nh my sn xut, trong phiu
ghi r loi, mc, l, ngy thng nm sn xut.
2. dm 1 x 2 v 2 x 4:
dm a vo cng trnh l loi dm nghin t thin nhin. dm
phi m bo cc yu cu k thut theo cc iu quy nh ca tiu chun
Vit Nam v quy trnh, quy phm hin hnh.

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dm ch c s dng khi cc ch tiu kim tra ph hp tiu chun hin

hnh dm, si v si dm dng trong xy dng, yu cu k thut, v c s
ng ca T vn gim st v gim st ca Ch u t.
3. Ct :
Ct s dng cho b tng, va xy trt dng ct sng Hng. Trc khi s dng
phi tin hnh lm th nghim khng nh cht lng. Th nghim cc tiu
ch sau:
+ Xc nh khi lng th tch xp v xp.
+ Xc nh m.
+ Xc nh thnh phn ht v m un ln.
+ Xc nh hm lng chung bi, bn st.
+ Xc nh hm lng tp cht hu c.
Ct ch c a vo s dng trong cng trnh khi cc ch tiu kim tra
t cc tiu ch trn.
4. Thp xy dng :
Ct thp, thp hnh u c cung cp t cc doanh nghip trong v
ngoi nc. Tun theo ng tiu chun, chng loi trc khi s dng v u c t
vn gim st kim tra cht ch, nghim ngt theo ng Tiu chun k thut
ca ngnh hin ang ban hnh v c ch u t chp thun.
p ng yu cu v tin , m bo theo ch dn ca thit k,
Nh thu d kin s k hp ng mua bn vi 3 nh cung cp thp (Nh thu s
trnh cc nh cung cp thp cho Ch u t chp thun trc khi thi cng).
Thp khi tp kt ti cng trnh phi c y nhn mc, chng ch ca
nh my sn xut, ngun gc xut x l hng r rng. Trc khi s dng phi tin
hnh ly mu th nghim xc nh cc yu t k thut. Thp trn cng
trng c k cao cch mt t 30cm v c ln che ma nng. Khng du,
m, sn hoc cc cht gy n mn gn.
5. Nc :
- Nc: s dng ngun nc sch t h thng ngun nc ca thnh ph tun
theo tiu chun hin hnh.
6. Ph gia :
- Ph gia: p ng tin thi cng v tng h s lun chuyn cp
pha, trong trng hp cn thit, chng ti c th phi s dng ph gia. Cc ph
gia a vo s dng phi l nhng ph gia c c quan php nhn ca Nh
nc Vit Nam cho php s dng ti Vit Nam. Vic s dng ph gia nht thit
phi c s ng ca K s gim st ti hin trng, s dng cn thn, ng

vinaconex No5.,JSC

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Xy nhng gi tr,
Dng nhng c m

liu lng. Khng dng ph gia c thnh phn clorua canxi, m bo khng gy
bt k hiu ng ph no n cng , bn v tui th ca b tng, khng
cng thm bt k chi ph no vo hp ng cho vic s dng v th nghim
ph gia.
- Ph gia : Trong trng hp cn thit ph gia c dng phi m bo cc yu
cu sau :
+ Tng do ca b tng.
+ Tng cng b tng (nu cn).
+ Lm chm thi gian lin kt ca b tng (nu cn).
+ m bo chng thm (nu cn).
7. B tng:
B tng thng phm c ly theo ch nh ca ch u t hoc ti trm
trn ca n v c uy tn trn a bn thnh ph H Ni.
8. Cp pha gio :
- Cng tc cp pha vn khun dc thc hin theo tiu chun hin hnh m
bo cng vng, n nh thi cng tho lp, khng gy kh khn cho
vic lp t ct thp v b tng, chng ti s s dng cp pha thp cho
cc kt cu mng, ct v sn m bo thi cng nhanh, kch thc chnh xc
theo ng bn v thit k. Cp pha sau khi lp dng xong phi kn kht
khng lm mt nc xi mng khi v m b tng. Mi ln lun chuyn cp
pha b mt cp pha c lm v sinh sch s v qut mt lp du chng dnh
chng b tng bm vo thnh ca cp pha khng gy kh khn cho cng tc
tho d cp pha sau ny.
H thng cp pha dng loi cp pha tiu chun, gio cng tc dng gio Minh
Khai, gio ch yu dng h gio PAL F48 kt hp vi cy chng thp D60, h
sn + vng kt hp chng thp v g (10x10) h thng cp pha + gio c
thit k c th cho tng cu kin nh: cp pha mng, cp pha ct tr, cp pha
dm sn, ...
- Cp pha cn phi m bo c cc yu cu sau :
+ kn kht.
+ phng nhn.
+ m bo kch thc hnh hc, vng chc v khng bin dng trong qu
trnh b tng.
+ m bo thng ng theo trc c.
+ m bo yu cu v sinh.

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III- T chc b my qun l cng trng:

1. B my qun l gim st:
m bo cc mc tiu ra chng ti d kin b my qun l gim
st thi cng thc hin cc hng mc trn nh sau:
Qun l chung ti tr s cng ty: 01 Ph Tng Gim c iu hnh chung
ton d n, kt hp vi cc phng ban chc nng trn cng ty iu hnh d n.
Ngoi cc phng ban c chc nng ca cng ty ra, ti hin trng chng ti b
tr mt b my qun l tt c cc mt ca cng trnh bao gm:
+ 01 i trng - Ch huy trng: C nhim v ph trch chung.
+ 01 Ph ch huy trng: c nhim v qun l v iu hnh thi cng ti
cng trng.
+ 01 Cn b ph trch cng tc t chc hnh chnh.
+ 03 K s m nhn cng tc ct thp.
+ 03 K s m nhn cng tc cp pha.
+ 03 K s m nhn cng tc b tng.
+ 03 K s m nhn cng tc t.
+ 02 Cn b an ton lao ng chuyn trch.
+ 01 K s my theo di v iu hnh thit b, my phc v thi cng.
+ 01 K s in theo di v iu hnh in thi cng
+03 K s lm cng tc vn phng (Hon cng, thanh quyt ton...)
+01 Cn b t chc hnh chnh
+02 K s trc a
2. B my cung ng vt t + bo v + Phc v:
Chng ti b tr 02 bo v v 02 th kho, 03 nh bp.
Lc lng cung ng vt t m bo cho vic cung ng vt t kp thi theo tin
cng trnh.
3. Cng nhn tham gia thi cng:
- Lc lng lao ng: Nh thu b tr lc lng dy chuyn chnh l cng
nhn c nhiu kinh nghim ca nh thu, kt hp vi a phng ti ni xy
dng cn tuyn v s dng lao ng ph thng ti ch thng qua kim tra tay
ngh v k kt hp ng lao ng thi v theo ng b lut lao ng hin
hnh.

vinaconex No5.,JSC

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Xy nhng gi tr,
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IV - vt t, thit b xe my s dng trong cng trnh

1- m bo cht lng cng trnh, uy tn ca Ch u t v c quan ch
qun ng thi m bo uy tn ca Cng ty, chng ti cung ng vt t xy
dng c cht lng t v vt quy nh m thit k ra, trc khi a cc vt
liu vo s dng chng ti s trnh Ch u t ph duyt mu m vt t xy
dng.
Tt c cc vt t xy dng cho cng trnh u c mua ca chnh hng sn
xut, i l tiu th hay cc nh phn phi c uy tn. Cc vt t a vo s dng
u c ngun gc xut x r rng, c ho n, chng ch kim nh cht l ng hng ho. Cc vt t xy dng u c thi hn bo hnh.
2- Cung cp y vt t xy dng theo tng giai on thi cng, m bo
tin thi cng chung ca ton cng trnh.
D tr Cc thit b, nhn lc cng nhn thi cng ch yu
STT
A
3
4
5
6
8
9
10
11
12
13
15
16
17
TN THIT B
Thit b
Bm b tng tnh
Cn cu t hnh 25T
My pht in KVA
My o
Gu ngom
t vn chuyn
My ct
Bnh cu ha
My kinh v, ton c, thy
bnh
My bm nc >150m3
m di 1,5kw
My hn in
m bn
N V
S
LNG
Ci
Ci
Ci
Ci
Ci
Ci
B
B
B
03
01
03
09
01
20
02
04
02
Ci
Ci
Ci
Ci
04
15
06
04
GHI CH
10

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Xy nhng gi tr,
Dng nhng c m
18
19
20
21
22

Ba cn
My nn kh Khai Sn 2,6/D20
My ct thp, un thp
Xe ra, xe ci tin
m cc
Ci
Ci
B
Ci
Ci
08
1
02
20
04
Chng 3 : T chc mt bng thi cng

Trong nhng giai on thi cng b tr mt bng thi cng m bo thi cng
ng bin php k thut ra v tin thi cng ca cng trnh.
I - Nguyn tc chung:
* Qua nghin cu v tr, c im cng trnh v kho st hin trng,
Nh thu thit k tng mt bng t chc thi cng bao gm:
- Tng mt bng:
Mi vt liu chuyn n phi c xp gn gng, ng ni quy nh. S
lng chuyn v p ng cho thi cng c lin tc nhng cng khng qu
nhiu trnh gy tr ngi cho cc cng tc khc.
Do mt bng thi cng cho phn ngm l tng i cht chn do vy chng
ti tnh ton khi lng vt liu d tr ti cng trng m bo khi lng cho
vic thi cng trong 05 ngy nh vy s va m bo thi cng c lin tc va
khng gy mt din tch s dng.
11

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Xy nhng gi tr,
Dng nhng c m

- Nh lm vic vn phng cng trng.

- Nh kho kn, ln lm kho trng.
- Bi tp kt vt liu vt liu gia cng tm thi.
- Bi gia cng
- V tr t my thi cng.
- Ngun cp in, nc thi cng & sinh hot.
- Trn mt bng thi cng Nh thu b tr cc bin bo di ng:
- Nh CBCN nm ngoi khu vc thi cng.
Bin ch li i.
Bin bo nguy him.
Bin bo cm.
Bin bo cm la hoc d chy, n.
* Gii php m bo giao thng:
- Trc khi vo thi cng nh thu thng qua ch u t bn v mt bng t
chc thi cng c quy hoch ng thi cng ni b, b tr kho bi m bo cho
qu trnh giao thng thng sut trong khi thi cng cng trnh.
- Bin ch dn cc phng tin ra vo cng trng.
II - hng ro bo v:
S dng hng ro hin c trn cng trng.
III - kho bi cng trng:
Trn c s mt bng c sn, n v thi cng b tr bo v kim sot
cht ch con ngi, vt t, thit b ra vo cng trng.
IV - h thng in:
Nh thu quan h vi ch u t ly in phc v cho thi cng ti trm
bin p gn hng mc thi cng. Ti cc v tr ly in c lp ng h o din,
cu dao khng ch mng in cn dng, dy dn in l loi bc nha
PVC hoc bc cao su, cc ng nhnh dn n cc im s dng nu phi vt
qua ng giao thng th chiu cao ct chuyn . Nh thu dng thm my pht
in chy Dizen 208 KVA d phng mt in.
Ton b dy t trm bin p n cng trng dng cp 3x120+1x70 . Mng
in cp trn cng trng dn t t tng ra cc t ph dn ra cc my thi
12

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Xy nhng gi tr,
Dng nhng c m

cng u bng cp bc cao su 3x35 + 1x16 v c treo trn cao >=3,5m

trnh ngi v xe c qua li. Li in sinh hot i ring, dng cp 3x16 +1x10.
H thng li in trn cng trng c lp cc thit b an ton t ngt khi
c s c v in trong qu trnh s dng v h thng t ngt trong t in.
ng h o lng in c t trong t tng phn phi theo di v
tnh ton in nng tiu th lm c s thanh ton chi ph cho Ch u t.
H thng in v bng in thi cng chng ti b tr nh trn mt bng
thi cng vi y cc thit b bo v nh aptmat, cu giao, hp bo v, rle
.. v c bng bo nguy him v bng ni quy s dng in.
Chng ti b tr 03 th in phc v thi cng. Tt c cc my trn cng
trng u c tip a.
V - H thng cp nc, thot nc thi cng:
1. Cp nc:
*in, nc cho thi cng v sinh hot:
+ in thi cng v sinh hot.
+ B tr b phn bo m v sinh cng trng v m bo mi trng.
+ Nc thi cng v sinh hot.
- Nc thi cng: Nh thu lin h vi ch u t s dng nc thi cng c ly
t ngun nc c sn ca thnh ph. Ngoi ra b tr thm ging khoan, b cha
nc Ti v tr ly nc c ng h nc, ng ng dn nc bng ng thp, hoc ng
nha theo u kin, v tr ng nc i qua. B tr h thng thot nc phc v
thi cng, ging khoan v ti b cha.
c bit chng ti ch n cc hng nc cu ho cc v tr c thit
b hn, ln tri, vn phng. Vic o m lng nc s ng c thc hin bng
ng h t ti u ngun ca cng trng.
2. Thot nc :
Sau khi tip nhn mt bng chng ti s trin khai cng tc bo v, khi
thng cc hng thot nc c sn, xy h ga thu lng, o rnh quanh khu cng
trnh theo dc thot nc v pha ga thu lng. Ngoi ra trn mt bng cn
khi rnh thot nc cc b m bo cho mt bng thi cng lun c kh ro,
sch s.
* Gii php thot nc ma, tiu nc mch.
13

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Dng nhng c m

Ti mt bng cng trnh c h thng mng thot nc ma chnh chy

vo mng thot nc thnh ph. Thi cng h mng phi c rnh thu nc, h thu nc
v c my bm cng xut thng trc bm nc ma v nc mch.
VI - b tr my thi cng:
Theo ng bin php thi cng trong tng giai on thi cng, chng ti b
tr my cho thch hp.
Giai on thi cng chnh chng ti b tr cc my sau:
+ Thi cng phn ngm: s dng my my o, my o gu ngom, my
i, t vn chuyn t, cn cu t hnh 25T , my bm nc, my bm b tng
14

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Chng 4 : bin php k thut thi cng

I - Cng tc chun b mt bng thi cng:
Lin h Ch u t v cc c quan chc nng khc lm cc th tc cn
thit cho vic thi cng nh ng k tm tr, bo v trt t tr an, che chn cc
cng trnh xung quanh.
Phi hp vi Ch u t hp bn vi chnh quyn a phng, cng an khu
vc... Trnh by bin php xy dng cng trnh. To mi quan h tt vi cc
bn c lin quan, chnh quyn s ti ngay t ban u.
Lp t cu giao tng ca cng trnh, sau phn phi cho cc thit b
thi cng
Chun b tp kt thit b thi cng v vt t cn thit: St thp, xi mng, gch
ct si... Cc thit b my mc phi tp kt l :Cn cu, my o, t vn
chuyn, my pht in d phng, m di, m bn, thit b chiu sng ...
Lm nh v sinh cng trng, khu ca cng nhn, khu nh bp
II- Cng tc trc a v nh v mt bng:
Sau khi nhn mt bng thi cng do Ch u t v n v T vn gim st bn
giao mc nh v mt bng ca cng trnh.
Nhim v ch yu ca cng tc trc a l chuyn trc b tr v cao
thit k ca cng trnh ln cc tng.
Cng tc b tr cng trnh:
a. Thnh lp li c s trn mt bng mng.
b.
Chuyn to v cao t li c s ln cc tng. Thnh lp trn cc

tng li khng ch khung.
c. Ti mi tng da vo li khung pht trin li b tr phc v b tr chi tit.

Tiu chun v quy phm xy dng quy nh:
- Sai s o cnh ms = 0.2mm
-
Sai s o gc m 20
Sai s o cao fh 2.5mm
Sai s khi chuyn trc v cao ln mt bng xy lp:

-
Sai s trung phng chuyn cc im, cc trc theo phng thng

ng 2.5mm
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Sai s trung phng xc nh cao trn mt bng thi cng xy

dng so vi mt bng gc 4mm.
chuyn to t mt bng c s ln cc tng, chng ti t t nht 3

im to thnh mt gc vung hoc mt ng thng c th kim tra kt
qu ca vic truyn to ln cc tng. t l ch c kch thc 150mm X
150mm ti cc v tr thun li cho vic b tr trc nh v, s dng thit b l
my chiu ng. Ti mi v tr thc hin vic chiu t 3 hoc 4 v tr bn
ngang ca my 1200 hoc (900) v ly gi tr trung bnh ca cc ln chiu (ly
kt qu l trng tm ca tam gic u hoc ca hnh vung ), trng tm ca
cc ln chiu c chn lm v tr cui cng s dng.
Vic truyn cao ln cc tng, chng ti tin hnh dng thc 50m o ko
p st tng sau dng my thu chun truyn nh du ct cao ln cc v
tr kt cu, m bo chnh xc cao.
Sau mi hng mc chng ti tin hnh o v hon cng cung cp s liu cho
TVGS v CT c bin php chnh sa kp thi.
Tt c my mc o c phc v trong thi cng u c m bo yu cu
v cht lng tiu chun Ngnh 96 TCN 43-90.
Iii- Trnh t thi cng Semi topdown phn ngm
* Giai on 1: Thi cng sn hm -1,7m n -5.05m.
Bc 1: Thi cng h dm bo dnh tng vy.
Bc 2: o t phn on 1 tng hm 1 n ct -5.05. Giai on ny
t vn chuyn ngay trn lp t hin trng.
Bc 3: o, sa t th cng dm, sn -5.05 ng thi thi cng dm
gnh, lp dng ct thp ch ct.
Bc 4: b tng lt y dm, sn -5.05(khu vc top down)
Bc 5: Xy gch thay cp pha thnh dm, lt lp g dn phn cch ln
mt b tng lt y sn, thnh dm.
Bc 6: Lp ct chn khe cp pha thnh dm.
Bc 7: Thi cng lp dng ct thp dm sn -5.05.(khu vc top down)
Bc 8: b tng dm sn -5.05.
Bc 9: Thi cng h khung chng ng dc
* Giai on 2: Thi cng tng hm 2.
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Bc 1: o t khu vc l m n cao -8,15 (tin hnh sau khi bc 3

ca giai on 1 kt thc. )
Bc 2: o moi t trong khu vc vnh khuyn BTCT ca sn hm 1 bng
t hp my o + my i. t c vn chuyn ln sn tng 1 d bc xc
ln phng tin vn chuyn (xem BPTC).
Bc 3: o, sa t th cng dm, sn -8.15 ng thi thi cng dm
gnh, lp dng ct thp ch ct.
Bc 4: b tng lt y dm, sn -8.5m.
Bc 5: Xy gch thay cp pha thnh dm, lt lp g dn phn cch ln
mt b tng lt y sn, thnh dm.
Bc 6: Lp ct chn khe cp pha thnh dm.
Bc 7: Thi cng lp dng ct thp dm sn -8.15
Bc 8: b tng dm sn -8.15.
Bc 9: Thi cng h khung chng ng dc
* Giai on 3: Thi cng sn hm 3 khu vc li
Bc 1: o t khu vc l m n cao -11.45 ( li 1 phn t lm
o cho my vn chuyn ln t ln sn tng hm 1 sau my ng trn
cos -1.7 mc t t sn tng hm 1 ln xe )
Bc 2: o moi t trong khu vc vnh khuyn BTCT ca sn hm 1 bng
t hp my o + my i. t c vn chuyn ln sn tng 1 d bc xc
ln phng tin vn chuyn (xem BPTC).
Bc 3: p u cc, o, sa t, th cng i mng
Bc 4: b tng lt i mng -11,45m.
Bc 5: Lp dng ct thp, ct pha b tng i mng.
Bc 6: Lp ct i mng ,o v chnh sa i mng ,xy gch bo thnh
dm.
Bc 7: b tng lt dm, sn.
Bc 8: Lp dmg ct thp dm sn .
Bc 9: b tng dm sn
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* Giai on 4: Thi cng bt l sn khu vc l m.

Bc 1: Thi cng ct thp ct
Bc 2: Thi cng cp pha ct
Bc 3: Thi cng b tng ct.(i vi ct trong khu vc top dowp th c
va khng co ti v tr mch ngng thi cng.)
Bc 5: Thi cng vn khun dm sn.
Bc 6: Thi cng ct thp dm sn
Bc 7: Thi cng b tng dm sn
V tr mch ngng b tng i, dm sn, nn v bin php s l chng
thm mch ngng. Nh thu s trnh t vn v ch u t v bin php v chng
loi vt t .
Trong qu trnh thi cng o t tng hm chng ti lun tun th tiu
chun TCVN 4447-1987, c th i vi:
1. Cng tc o t h mng
Tt c cc quy trnh o t trn u tun theo tiu chun hin hnh
ng thi tun th theo nguyn tc sau:
- Ch ng ca my o phi bng phng, my phi nm ton b trn
mt t. nghing cho php v hng t ca my khng c qu 2 .
- Khi my lm vic phi theo di mt khoang o, khng to thnh
hm ch, nu c hm ch phi ph ngay. Khng c my lm vic cnh cc
vch t c nhng lp t sp st l v hng my, phi dn ht cc tng
long chn cc khoang o. Khi my ngng lm vic phi di chuyn my ra xa
vch khoang o phng t st l.
- Khi t vo thng xe, khong cch t y gu n thng xe khng
c cao qu 0,7m. V tr ca xe t ng phi thun tin v an ton. Khi my
o quay, gu my o khng c i ngang qua u xe, gc quay phi nh
nht v khng phi vn cn ra xa khi t, li xe t phi ra khi bung li
khi t vo thng xe.
- Khi o t phi m bo thot nc trong khoang o. dc nn
khoang o hng ra pha ngoi, tr s dc khng nh hn 3%, khi o phi
bt u t ch thp nht.
- Khng c va o va ln xung cn, hoc va ln xung cn va di
chuyn my. Khi di chuyn my phi nng gu cch mt t ti thiu 0,5m v
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quay cn trng vi hng i. Phi tnh ton bo m cho my lm vic n nh,

hn ch ti a vic di chuyn my.
- Sau mi ca lm vic, phi lm v sinh my o cho sch ht t bm
dnh vo gu, vo xch my o. Gu my phi h xung t, cm treo l
lng.
- V tr kho vt liu, ni my, ng tuyn thi cng h mng dc theo
mp h phi theo ng khong cch an ton c qui nh trong qui phm v
k thut an ton trong xy dng.
- t phi ra bi thi quy nh ca nh my. Khng c ba bi lm
ng nc, ngp ng nhng cng trnh ln cn v gy tr ngi cho thi cng.
- i vi nhng h mng c vch thng ng, ch c gia c tm thi th
thi gian o mng v thi cng nhng cng vic tip theo phi rt ngn ti
mc thp nht. ng thi phi c bin bo nhng v tr nguy him.
Khi o t bng th cng cn tun theo cc qui nh sau y:
- Dng c o gm cuc, xng, thng, thung, x beng, cuc chim, xe ci
tin,...
- o t trong ra ngoi, t tri sang phi, m bo o n u gn
n , t a ln c vn chuyn ngay bng xe ci tin n ni qui nh,
sau dng t hp my o xc ln t t vn chuyn ra ngoi
cng trng n bi ca a phng cho php.
- Khi o phi c h thu nc ngm.
2. p ct h mng:
a, Phm vi cng vic:
Sau khi hon thnh cng tc b tng mng vi cm mng no tin hnh lp
t lun cm mng , p t cng trnh k=0,95 theo TCVN 4447-1987,
hon thnh giai on xy dng.
b,Vt liu:
- Vt liu ct p c kim tra v thnh phn ht, cc ch tiu c l t
yu cu, ct p k=0,95 v c k s t vn gim st v Ban QLDA chp thun
mi a vo thi cng.
c, Phng tin thi cng:
t t vn chuyn.
m cc.
Bin php t chc thi cng:
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d, Chun b vt liu:
- Vn chuyn vt liu n cng trng bng t t , vt liu ny
m bo yu cu k thut.
- Vt liu t p khi xc v vn chuyn c m thch hp khi san
v lu ln vt liu c m nm trong phm vi sai s cho php.
e, san vt liu:
Ct c san thnh tng lp ngang 30 cm, san phng bng th cng ri mi
tin hnh m ln. Trong qu trnh p m c kim tra lin tc ph
hp vi cht, n nh ng u ca nn p.
p i xng hai bn cng trnh v c p theo tng lp v m t di
m ln.
Khi p t lun m bo b mt bng phng v to dc thot nc
ra ngoi trnh ng nc khi tri ma.
f, m ln:
Ngay sau khi san phng th tin hnh m ln bng, m cc MYKASA
ng u trn sut b rng nn p (i vi cc v tr m th cng). i vi
cc v tr m bng lu.
Chiu dy mi lp l 30cm.
Khi m vt sau phi ph ln vt trc t nht l 20 cm.
Vt liu c theo tng ng c san v m ln ngay.
g, Bin php m bo cht lng:
Thng xuyn kim tra cht ca lp p.
Vt liu c m nm trong phm vi sai s cho php.
Trong khi ang thi cng nu gp tri ma th phi b tr ngay bin php
thot nc. Trong nhng giai on thi cng b tr mt bng thi cng m bo thi
cng ng bin php k thut ra v tin thi cng ca cng trnh.
IV- bin php k thut thi cng cp pha, gio
Cng tc vn khun c thc hin theo ng TCVN hin hnh.
Chng ti s s dng ton b h ct chng t hp theo cng ngh xy
dng mi, m bo chc chn v n nh cho sn b tng trong sut qu
trnh thi cng. y l h ct chng m chng ti c u tin u t trong thi
gian qua.
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Tt c cp pha gio khi lp dng u c mc trc c xc nh v

tr tim + ct cho phn lp t. Trc khi lp t cp pha + gio phn trn
tin hnh kim tra vng chc ca kt cu phn di.
Trong v sau khi qu trnh thi cng cc k s kim tra cc yu t: chnh
xc ca vn khun so vi thit k, bn vng ca nn, gio chng, bn
thn vn khun, sn thao tc, cc v tr neo gi, kn kht ca vn khun,
n nh ca ton b h thng, v tr cc l ch, cc chi tit t ngm,
kh nng b tng m bo b mt b tng khng b r sau khi v h
thng vn khun ct chng khng b bin dng. Sau khi lp dng xong dng
my bm p lc cao ca Nht bm nc lm v sinh ton b b mt cp
pha, ct thp trc khi b tng.
Phi c bin bn nghim thu cng tc cp pha trc khi b tng theo ton
b cc yu cu m t trn. Trong phi ch ra kch thc, dung sai, chi
tit ch sn, sch, n nh. Vic kim tra nghim thu cng tc lp
dng cp pha tun theo biu 1 ca tiu chun TCVN hin hnh.
Nu cp pha b chuyn dch khi b tng th ton b b tng s phi
c loi b v tin hnh iu chnh, gia cng li cp pha.
Cp pha v gio ch c tho d khi b tng t cng cn thit
kt cu chu c trng lc bn thn v cc ti trng ng khc trong qu
trnh thi cng sau.
Vn khun c tho d khng c chn ng, khng gy rung chuyn,
khng gy ng sut t ngt hoc va chm mnh lm h hi n kt cu b
tng. Thi gian tho d vn khun theo bng 4 ca TCVN hin hnh.
Chng ti tnh ton d tr lng cp pha, cy chng sao cho kp tin ,
va thi gian tho d cp pha.
1. Ch to:
Cng tc cp pha vn khun c thc hin theo tiu chun TCVN4453-95 v
TCVN 5247-92 m bo cng vng, n nh thi cng tho lp, khng
gy kh khn cho vic lp t ct thp v b tng, chng ti s s dng
cp pha thp cho ct v dm, sn m bo thi cng nhanh, kch thc chnh xc
theo ng bn v thit k. Cp pha sau khi lp dng xong phi kn kht
khng lm mt nc xi mng khi v m b tng. Mi ln lun chuyn cp
pha b mt cp pha c lm v sinh sch s v qut mt lp du chng dnh,
chng b tng bm vo thnh ca vn khun khng gy kh khn cho cng tc
tho d vn khun sau ny.
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H thng gio ch yu dng h gio A-F50 kt hp vi cy chng thp

D60, h sn v vng kt hp chng thp h thng cp pha + gio c
thit k c th cho tng cu kin nh: cp pha ct, cp pha thang b, cp pha
dm sn.
2. Lp dng:
Tt c cp pha gio khi lp dng u c mc trc c xc nh v
tr tim + ct cho phn lp t.
Trc khi lp t cp pha + gio phn trn tin hnh kim tra vng
chc ca kt cu phn di.
Trong v sau khi qu trnh thi cng cc Cn b k thut kim tra cc yu
t: chnh xc ca vn khun so vi thit k, bn vng ca nn, gio
chng, bn thn vn khun, sn thao tc, cc v tr neo gi, kn kht ca
vn khun, n nh ca ton b h thng, v tr cc l ch, cc chi tit
t ngm, kh nng b tng m bo b mt b tng khng b r sau khi
v h thng vn khun ct chng khng b bin dng.
Sau khi lp dng xong dng my bm p lc cao ca Nht bm nc lm
v sinh ton b b mt cp pha ct thp trc khi b tng.
3. Tho d cp pha:
Quy tc tho d vn khun : Lp sau, tho trc . Lp trc, tho sau.
Cp pha v gio ch c tho d khi b tng t cng cn thit
kt cu chu c trng lc bn thn v cc ti trng ng khc trong qu
trnh thi cng sau.
Vn khun c tho d khng c chn ng, khng gy rung chuyn,
khng gy ng sut t ngt hoc va chm mnh lm h hi n kt cu b
tng. Thi gian tho d vn khun theo bng 4 ca TCVN 4453- 95 v m bo:
+ M dm, tng, ct: 1 ngy.
+ Mt di dm sn: 21 ngy.
Vn khun sau khi tho cn xp gn gng thnh tng loi tin cho vic
sa cha v s dng cc cng on khc trn cng trnh.
Chng ti tnh ton d tr lng cp pha, cy chng sao cho kp tin ,
va thi gian tho d cp pha. m bo cc tiu chun thi cng cp pha,
b tng.
V - bin php k thut thi cng ct thp:
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1. Yu cu ct thp:
Ct thp dng trong kt cu b tng phi m bo theo ng yu cu
thit k, ng thi ph hp vi tiu chun TCVN 5574-1991 Kt cu b tng ct
thp. Tnh cht c hc ca ct thp phi tun th theo tiu chun TCVN 1651
1985.
Thp c th nghim xc nh cng thc t, cc ch tiu c l, kt
qu ny c thng qua k s gim st. Cc mu th s c cung cp bt k lc
no theo yu cu ca K s thi cng, Ch u t v T vn gim st cng trnh.
Ct thp s dng phi c chng ch ca nh sn xut.
Kt qu kim tra ct thp, cng mi hn c k s ghi chp vo s
nht k thi cng vi ni dung : ngy sn xut, loi sn phm, tn ngi sn xut,
s hiu que hn...
2. Bo qun ct thp:
Vt liu thp c bo qun trong kho kn trnh ma nng, v c cch
mt t 45cm . Thp cht thnh ng cao 1,2m; rng 2m; xp thnh l
theo k hiu ng knh sao cho d nhn bit bng mt thng, d s dng.
Ct thp c gia cng ti xng v mt phn ti cng trng, m bo mc
c gii ph hp khi lng thp cn gia cng. Trc khi gia cng v trc khi b
tng ct thp phi c lm sch, khng dnh bn t, du m, khng c vy st
v kp g, khng b bp v gim tit din qu gii hn cho php l 2%.
3. Ct v un ct thp:
Theo phng php c hc, ph hp vi hnh dng v quy cch theo thit k.
Sn phm ct thp ct v un c kim tra theo tng l v vi sai s vi
thp gia cng khng vt qu ch s gii hn cho php trong quy phm
TCVN4453-95. V theo quy nh chung ca thit k.
Vic gia cng c tin hnh nh bn v thit k ti hin trng.
Thp trc khi t vo v tr kt cu c lm sch, co r, khng dnh du
m, khng c qut nc xi mng ln ct thp phng r ...
Ct thp c nn thng bng ti, c un ngui, tun theo TCVN8874-91.
Ct thp un xong cng c phn loi theo l sn phm, ly ra 5% sn
phm nhng khng t hn 5 ci o kch thc, kim tra b mt. Tr s sai
lch khng c qu quy nh trong quy phm TCVN 4453-95. v quy nh ca
thit k.
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Dng nhng c m

Kt qu kim tra ct thp v kt qu kim tra mi ni phi ghi chp vo

s tng ngy ghi r loi sn phm ct thp, tn ngi gia cng, ngi hn, ch
hn, s liu que hn.
4. Lp dng v ni hn ct thp:
Khi vn chuyn ct thp v cc thnh phm t ni sn xut n ni lp
t, phi bo m sn phm khng b h hng, bin dng v d vn chuyn,
c kch thc ph hp vi thit b vn chuyn v ti trng ca thit b nng. Cc
im t mc cn trc v cc v tr gi k cu kin khi vn chuyn v xp
t phi m bo ph hp vi bn v thi cng, ht sc trnh bin dng d trong
cc thanh.
Trc khi t ct thp vo v tr, k s kim tra li chnh xc ca vn
khun cho ph hp vi thit k, pht hin kp thi cc h hng v sai lch nu
c. Gia ct thp v vn khun t cc ming m nh v bng va xi
mng c chiu dy bng lp bo v gia vn khun v ct thp theo ng nh
thit k, khng k m bng g, , gch .
Ni thp bng mi ni buc: Ct thp chu lc hai chiu c hn buc ht
ch giao nhau. Tr s mi ni buc nm trong cng mt mt ct ngang theo quy
nh ca TCVN 4453-95. V theo quy nh chung ca thit k k thut.
Nu s dng ni hn: S mi ni hoc hn nh khng nh hn 50% s
im giao nhau theo th t giao nhau gia ct thp, v gc ai thp c hn
buc k. Khi ct thp c ng knh ln hn 22mm phi dng phng php hn
h quang.
K s hng dn cng nhn lp t ct thp c th t hp l theo s
nh sn cc b phn lp trc khng nh hng ti b phn lp sau.
Hnh dng ca ct thp dng lp theo thit k, c gi vng trong
sut thi gian b tng, khng bin dng, x dch .
C nh thp: Ct thp c t trong vn khun ng v tr thit k. Ti
cc v tr giao nhau, buc bng giy thp mm 0,8 1mm, ui buc xon
vo trong. ai, ct, thanh ni lin kt vi thp dc bng buc hoc hn chc.
- Ni thp: c thi cng ng ch dn thit k, k c v tr ni v chiu di ni.
- Hn thp: Vic hn thp c tin hnh ng theo TCVN 5724-93 do th
hn bc 3 ( c chng ch tay ngh ). Mi l chn ra 5% sn phm kim tra
mt ngoi v o kch thc. Mu c gia cng theo cng mt ch v vt liu
nh gia cng sn phm.
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Ct thp t trong vn khun ng v tr thit k v chng loi, c hn

hoc buc theo ng tiu chun TCVN5724-93. Kim tra ct thp v cng
thp, chiu cao ng hn, chiu di mi hn v c k s hin trng ghi chp
cn thn v c nghim thu trc khi b tng.
5. Nghim thu ct thp:
H s nghim thu bao gm: bn v thit k ( ghi mi thay i v ct
thp trong qu trnh thi cng ) kt qu kim tra mu th v cht lng mi hn,
cht lng gia cng thp, bin bn nghim thu k thut. Nghim thu ct thp c
tin hnh 2 ln:
Ln 1: sau khi gia cng ct thp xong (nghim thu vi t thp)
Ln 2: sau khi lp dng ct thp vo v tr. (nghim thu ni b v vi
TVGS)
VI - bin php k thut thi cng b tng:
1. Vt liu sn xut b tng:
Nh thu s dng b tng do ca n v c uy tn trn th trng H Ni.
2. b tng:
Trc khi btng cn kim tra li kh nng n nh ca vn khun, kch
thc, v tr, hnh dng v lin kt ca ct thp. V sinh ct thp, vn khun v
cc lp btng trc . Bc gio v cc sn cng tc ph tr cho thi cng
btng. Kim tra li kh nng lm vic ca cc thit b nh bm b tng, m
di v m bn.
Hn hp b tng c vn chuyn n cng trng bng t t hnh khng
xy ra hin tng phn tng, chy nc hoc mt nc do nng. Khi vn
chuyn bng th cng ti cng trng khng c vt qu c ly 100m.
Trc khi b tng nh mc cc v tr v cao b tng bng phng php th cng hoc bng dng c chuyn dng. Tin hnh nghim thu ct
thp, cp pha vi k s gim st.
Va b tng c vo cc kt cu theo phng thc quy nh, m
bng my. chiu dy mi lp 40cm i vi cc kt cu ct, dm sn theo
quy nh ca TCVN 4453-95. Tuyt i khng dng my m gt chuyn
va b tng t ni ny sang ni khc. Khi , trnh s phn tng, chiu
cao ri t do ca b tng khng c vt qu 1,5m, trong trng hp c bit phi
dng mng nghing hoc ng vi voi.
25

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Xy nhng gi tr,
Dng nhng c m

Ct nn b tng lin tc, dm v bn khi phi tin hnh ng thi.

Cc mch ngng khi b tng c tnh ton trc m bo yu cu k
thut. Khi c s c phi ngng ngoi nhng v tr m cu kin chu lc ln, th
c ghi r ngy, gi trong s nht k bo co, sau s thng nht vi k s
gim st phng php s l cho thch ng v tun theo TCVN 4453- 95.
3. m b tng:
S dng m di i vi kt cu ct, dm; sn. Nu c dng m tay ch
l h tr cho m my l chnh. m b tng theo ng quy nh ca
TCVN 4453-95. Thi gian m v v tr m phi c tnh ton hp l, cng tc
m kt thc trc khi xi mng bt u ninh kt.
Qu trnh v m b tng, lun lun c thit b m d phng. i
vi b tng ct, vch phi c 3 m d phng. b tng dm, sn phi c 2
m d phng.
4. Bo dng b tng:
Mc ch ca vic bo dng btng l to iu kin thun li cho qu
trnh ng kt ca btng. Khng cho nc bn ngoi thm nhp vo v khng
lm mt nc b mt .
B tng sau khi 4-7 h. Hai ngy u th cn ti cho btng 2gi /1 ln ,
cc ngy sau tha hn, ty theo nhit khng kh. Cn gi m cho btng t
nht 7 ngy . Vic i li trn btng ch c php khi btng t cng
24kg/ cm2, tc 12 ngy vi ma kh, 3 ngy vi ma ng (Theo TCVN 4453-95).
Lu cho b tng khng b va chm, chn ng trong thi k ng cng. B
tng c ti nc thng xuyn gi m. Vic theo di bo dng b tng c cc
k s thi cng ghi li trong nht k thi cng c ch k ca k s gim st trnh
nhm ln.
5. Th nghim b tng:
Vic ly mu, ghi chp, dng h mu v th nghim c thc hin theo
ng TCVN 3105-79 v TCVN 3118-79.
(Phn ny do Nh cung cp b tng thc hin).
VII. bin php k thut thi cng chng thm
Cn c vo chng loi vt t do thit k ch nh nh thu tm hiu nh
cung cp trnh mu vt t ng chng loi v cht lng c ch u t v t vn
chp thun th nh thu s tin hnh tip nhn n hin trng.
26

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Xy nhng gi tr,
Dng nhng c m

Cc bc tin hnh
- Phn o mng v nn sau khi BT lt i mng th thi cng lp
chng thm, thi cng xong phn b tng i mng n ct v thi cng lp lt
y sn nn v y dm nh thu tin hnh thi cng tm cn nc mch ngng
i v ri lp chng thm mt b tng lt nn v tr tip gip gia nn
v i v gia dm v nn c dn xung pha di thnh hm
- Tng vy nh thu tin hnh thi cng lp chng thm thu mt trong
pha tng hm bng loi vt liu theo ch nh ca thit k v tin hnh c
v sinh khi ni dm, sn tng vy chy dc theo mnh ngng sn cc tng.
- Thi cng chng thm cc tng sn bao gm chng thm mt sn, khu v
sinh, b nc theo ch nh thit k v chng loi vt t. Nh thu s trnh mu
vt t v tin hnh thi cng khi cng tc han thin c thc hin.
viII- bin php k thut xy gch:
1. Yu cu v vt liu:
Xi mng: s dng xi mng t tiu chun hin hnh.
Gch: dng gch nh my loi A1, kch thc 220x105x60mm. Gch m bo
c, chc, khng cng vnh, nt, m bo khng non, chn u khng gi.
Cng ti thiu 75Kg/cm2 v tho mn qui nh ca TCVN 1451- 86. m bo
yu cu thit k k thut.
Va:
+ Tun theo TCVN 3121- 79 v TCVN 4359- 87.
+ Xi mng pooc lng theo TCVN 2682-1992.

+ Nc trn va dng nc c kim nghim.
+ Khng s dng sau khi trn qu 2 gi.
Va dng trong khi xy c mc v ch tiu k thut tho mn yu cu
thit k, c kim tra cht lng tng t m bo do ng u theo
thnh phn v mu sc, c kh nng gi nc cao. Dng my trn va ,
khng trn va bng tay.
2. Gin gio phc v cng tc xy:
Khi thi cng khi xy gin gio phi m bo theo tiu chun hin hnh,
m bo n nh, bn vng khi s dng. Thun tin cho cng tc xy t c nng sut cao nht.
3. Thi cng khi xy:
27

vinaconex No5.,JSC

in thoi: 0373 824 876 - 825 001; Fax: 0373 824 211
Xy nhng gi tr,
Dng nhng c m

Cng tc xy tng c chia thnh tng t, c chiu cao t 0,8-1,2m. Vi

mt t xy c chiu cao nh vy th nng sut xy l cao nht v m bo
an ton cho khi xy.
Khi xy: Khi xy phi m bo c chc, khng trng mch, tng 220
xy 5 dc 1 ngang. Khi xy phng 2 mt theo phng ri ng. Cc hng
ngang c xy cc v tr:
Hng cui cng v hng trn cng cao trnh nh ca bc tng hay ct,
cc phn nh ra ca khi xy.
Gch c ti no nc trc khi xy. Quy nh cc mch va ngang t 1015mm, mch va ng t 8-12mm. Cc sai s ca tng khng c vt qu qui
nh ca TCVN 4085-85 v 4314- 86. Cc m ch l m dt, khng dng m
nanh (ngoi tr cc v tr ch k thut), cc m phi m bo chnh xc v v
tr, kch thc v yu cu k thut. Cc hng ngang khng c xy bng gch v.
Tng xy c cng 2 dy, dng thc tm m bo phng.
Trc khi xy cn phi nh v tng khi xy, xc nh v tr cc l ch,
bu lng neo, v tr ging, ca... theo thit k.
Cc mt tip gip gia 2 ln xy phi c ti nc v lm sch.
Khi xy cho mi cng on phi c kim tra bng thu bnh. Trnh va
chm v t vt liu ln cc khi xy va xy xong.
Bo dng khi xy trong vng 3 ngy u bng mt t cng nhn ring
bit.
Tt c cc mp ca, mp tng ban cng phi xy bng gch c.
Cc v tr treo t bp cng phi c xy bng gch c, m bo ng
v tr, cao bt vt n.
v- BIN PHP THI CNG hon thin:
1. Cng tc trt
- Yu cu k thut
Cng tc trt nn tin hnh sau khi hon thnh xong vic lp t
mng dy ngm v cc chi tit c ch nh t ngm trong lp trt cho h
thng in, in thoi, truyn hnh, cp my tnh
B mt nn trt cn c c ra bi bn, lm sch ru mc, ty sch du m bm
dnh v lm sch.
28

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Xy nhng gi tr,
Dng nhng c m

Trc khi trt, cn chn kn cc l h ln, s l cho phng b mt nn trt.

Va dng trt phi la chn ph hp vi mc ch s dng ca cng trnh,
thch hp vi nn trt v lp hon thin, trang tr tip theo.
Va trt phi p ng c cc yu cu k thut ph hp vi tiu chun TCVN
4314:2003 v tiu chun TCVN 3121:2003 v tiu chun mi ban hnh v cng
tc hon thin l TCVN303-2006
Trong trng hp lp va trt c chc nng lm tng kh nng chu la hoc
cch m, cch nhit, vt liu s dng v quy trnh ch to va trt cn c
tun th nghim ngt theo ng yu cu ca thit k v nh cung cp.
Khi tin hnh trt nhiu lp trn b mt kt cu, cn la chn vt liu trt
sao cho gia nn trt, lp trt lt v lp trt hon thin c s gn kt v tng
thch v dn n, co ngt.
Khi trt tng, trt trn vi din tch ln, nn phn thnh nhng khu vc
nh hn c khe co dn hoc phi c nhng gii php k thut trnh cho lp
trt khng b nt do hin tng co ngt.
Nu bn trong lp trt c cc h thng ng ng kim loi, vt chn sn,
vt liu ch to va trt phi c la chn thch hp hoc phi c bin php
phng trnh sao cho khng sy ra hin tng n mn, ph hoi.
Nu b mt nn trt khng nhm cho lp va trt bm dnh trn
b mt, trc khi trt phi s l to nhm bng cch phun ct, vy hoc phun h
xi mng ct, c nhm v cc bin php to kh nng bm dnh khc. Phi trt
th mt vi ch xc nh dnh kt cn thit trc khi tin hnh trt i
tr.
nhng v tr tip gip gia hai kt cu bng vt liu khc nhau, trc khi
trt phi c gn mt lp li thp ph kn chiu dy mch ghp v phi trm v
hai bn t nht mt on t 15 cm n 20 cm. Kch thc ca li thp khng ln
hn 3 cm.
Ct dng ch to va trt phi c sng qua cc loi sng thch hp
t c kch thc ht ct liu ln nht (Dmax) 2,5 mm khi trt nhm mt hoc
trt cc lp lt v (Dmax) 1,25 mm khi trt cc lp hon thin b mt.
- Thi cng trt
Nu b mt nn trt kh, cn phun nc lm m trc khi trt.
Trng hp c yu cu v phng, cc chi tit, ng cong vi chnh
xc v cht lng cao, trc khi trt phi gn ln b mt kt cu cc im mc
nh v hay trt lm mc chun ti mt s v tr.
Chiu dy lp va trt ph thuc vo yu cu thm m, phng ca nn
trt, loi kt cu, loi va s dng v phng php thi cng trt.
Chiu dy lp trt trn nn trt dy t 10mm n 12 mm, nu trt dy
hn phi c bin php chng l bng cch trt trn li thp hoc trt thnh
nhiu lp mng.
29

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in thoi: 0373 824 876 - 825 001; Fax: 0373 824 211
Xy nhng gi tr,
Dng nhng c m

i vi trt tng, chiu dy khi trt phng thng thng khng nn vt qu

12 mm, khi trt vi yu cu cht lng cao khng qu 15mm v khi trt vi yu cu
cht lng trt c bit cao khng qu 20mm.
Chiu dy mi lp trt khng c vt qu 8mm. Khi trt dy hn 8 mm,
phi trt thnh hai hoc nhiu lp. Trong trng hp s dng va vi hoc va
tam hp, chiu dy mi lp trt bt buc phi nm trong khong t 5mm n
8mm.
Khi trt nhiu lp, nn k mt trt thnh cc qu trm tng bm
dnh cho cc lp trt tip theo. trm c cnh khong 60 mm, vch su t 2-3
mm. Khi lp trt trc se mt mi trt tip lp sau. Nu mt lp trt trc qu kh
th phi phun nc m trc khi trt tip.
nhng ni thng xuyn m t nh khu v sinh, phng tm ra, nh bp
khi trt phi dng va xi mng ct c mc M75 hoc va c kh nng chng
thm tng cng kh nng chng thm v tng bm dnh gia cc lp
trt.
Trong iu kin thi tit nng nng hoc kh hanh, sau khi trt 24h nn
tin hnh phun m bo dng v phng trnh hin tng rn nt trn mt trt.
Khi trt cc lp trt c bit trn b mt kt cu nh trt sn, trt l si, trt
mi, trt ra, trt bm chiu dy lp trt lt to phng mt khng c vt qu 12
mm, chiu dy ca lp trt hon thin b mt khng c nh hn 5mm. Ngoi
ra cn tun th cc yu cu k thut chnh sau :
Trt sn (trt gai): Khi to mt trt nhm c th dng bm phun hoc
thit b chuyn dng phun va bm vo b mt trt hoc dng chi vy
nhiu ln, khi lp u se kh mi vy tip lp sau. Va vy phi bm v ph
u trn mt trt .
sai lch cho php ca b mt trt khng c vt qu cc quy nh ghi
trong bng 1
* Kim tra v nghim thu
- Kim tra
Cng tc kim tra cht lng trt tin hnh theo trnh t thi cng v bao gm cc
ch tiu chnh nh sau:
- phng mt trt
- c chc v bm dnh ca lp trt vi nn trt.
- Cc yu cu c bit khc ca thit k
Mt trt phi tho mn cc yu cu:
- Lp va trt phi dnh chc vi kt cu, khng b bong bp. Kim tra
bm dnh thc hin bng cch g nh ln mt trt. Tt c nhng ch bp
phi ph ra trt li.
- Mt trt phng, khng g gh cc b
30

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in thoi: 0373 824 876 - 825 001; Fax: 0373 824 211
Xy nhng gi tr,
Dng nhng c m

- B mt va trt khng c c vt rn chn chim, khng c vt va

chy, vt hn ca dng c trt, vt li lm, khng c cc khuyt tt gc cnh,
g chn tng, g chn ca, ch tip gip vi cc v tr t thit b, in v
sinh thot nc,...
- Cc ng g cnh ca tng phi thng, sc nt. Cc ng vung gc
phi kim tra bng thc vung. Cc cnh ca s, ca i phi song song nhau.
Mt trn ca b ca c dc theo thit k, Lp va trt phi chn su vo di
np khun ca t nht l 10 mm.
- Dung sai ca mt trt khng vt qu cc quy nh trong bng 1
Bng 1- Dung sai cho php ca b mt trt
Tn cc mt Tr s sai lch mt trt (mm)
trt hay cc chi
Trt bnh thng
Trt cht lng cao
tit
Trt cht lng rt

cao
khng bng S ch li lm S ch li lm S ch li lm
phng
kim khng qu 3, khng qu 2, khng qu 2,
tra bng thc su vt lm <5 su vt lm <3 su vt lm <2
di 2m
sai
lch <15 sut chiu
theo
phng di hay chiu
thng
ng rng phng
ca mt tng
v trn nh
<2 trn 1m di
chiu cao v
chiu rng
v
10 mm trn ton
chiu cao v
chiu
rng
phng
<2 chiu cao hay

chiu di v <5
mm
trn
sut
chiu
cao
hay
chiu di phng
ng
nghing <10 trn sut <2
trn
1m
ca ng g chiu cao kt chiu cao v 5
mp ct
cu
mm trn ton
chiu cao kt
cu
<1 trn 1m chiu

cao v 3mm trn
ton b chiu cao
kt cu.
sai lch bn
knh ca cc 10
phng ln cong
-Nghim thu
Nghim thu cng tc trt c tin hnh ti hin trng. H s nghim thu gm:
- Cc kt qu th nghim vt liu ly ti hin trng.
- Bin bn nghim thu vt liu trt trc khi s dng vo cng trnh
- H s thit k, cc ch dn k thut ca nh sn xut, cung cp vt liu.
- Cc bin bn nghim thu cng vic hon thnh.
31

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Xy nhng gi tr,
Dng nhng c m

- Nht k cng trnh.

bin php k thut trt bo v chng thm:
Cng tc trt thc hin theo th t: Trn trt trc, tng ct trt sau, trt mt
trong trc, trt mt ngoi sau , trt t trn cao xung di . Khi trt cn phi bc
gio hoc dng gin gio di ng thi cng.
Trc khi trt, b mt trt c lm v sinh sch s, trt cc im lm mc
nh v v khng ch chiu dy lp va lm mc chun cho vic thi cng.
Chiu dy lp va ph thuc vo cht lng mt trt, loi kt cu, loi va,
cch s dng v cch thi cng nhng phi tun theo cc qui nh ca qui phm,
c th nh sau:
+ Trc khi trt phi to cc im lm mc nh v v khng ch chiu dy
lp va trt, lm mc chun cho vic thi cng.
+ Chiu dy lp trt phng i vi lp kt cu tng thng thng dy 1215mm. c bit nhng v tr cao hn 15mm phi trt lm 2 lp, lp u trt
xong qu trm kch thc 80x120mm, sau 3 ngy trt lp th 2.
+ i vi trn phi c mc thng bng.
+ Bo dng va trt trong vng 3 ngy u.
+ i vi phng ca va trt khng qu 2mm v phng ngang v phng ng dng thc tm 2,5m kim tra.
+ Yu cu cc t i thi cng phi dng dng trt khun m ca v cc
v tr mang c th ring
+ st ca va lc bt u trt c tun theo bng 2 trong TCVN-56741992.
Sau khi trt , lp trt phi tho mn cc yu cu sau:
+ Lp va trt phi c dnh chc vo kt cu, tt c cc ch bp u
phi lm li.
+ B mt lp trt khng c rn chn chim, khng c vt va chy, vt
hn ca dng c trt, vt li lm g gh cc b cng nh cc khuyt tt khc
gc, cnh, g,chn tng, g chn ca ch tip gip vi cc v tr t thit b
in, v sinh thot nc... cc ng g, cnh ca tng phi phng, sc nt, cc
ng vung gc phi kim tra bng thc vung. Cc cnh ca s, ca i phi
song song vi nhau, mt trn ca s phi c dc. Lp va trt phi chn su
vo lp np ca t nht l 10mm.
+ sai lch ca b mt trt khi kim tra phi tho mn cc tr s bng
3 ca TCVN 5674-1992.
32

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in thoi: 0373 824 876 - 825 001; Fax: 0373 824 211
Xy nhng gi tr,
Dng nhng c m

2./ Cng tc p
Tiu chun p dng
TCVN 4314: 2003 Va xy dng- Yu cu k thut.
TCVN 3121: 2003 Va xy dng- Phng php th
TCXDVN 336:2005 Va dn gch p lt- yu cu k thut v phng php th
TCVN 4453: 1995 Kt cu b tng v b tng ct thp ton khi- Quy phm thi
cng v nghim thu.
TCVN 4452: 1987 Kt cu b tng ct thp lp ghp- Quy phm thi cng v
nghim thu.
TCVN 4085:1985 Kt cu gch -Quy phm thi cng v nghim thu
TCVN 6414: 1998 Gch gm p lt- Yu cu k thut.
TCVN 6884: 2001 Gch gm p lt c ht nc thp-Yu cu k thut.
TCVN 4732:1989 p lt xy dng.
TCVN 6883: 2001 Gch grant- yu cu k thut.
Vt liu p : Gch men knh, gch ceramic, gch knh, gch t nung,
gch granit nhn to, p t nhin, nhn to, g, cc tm nha, kim loi
dng p.
H p : Cc loi keo , va dng gn vt liu p vo kt cu cng
trnh.
Nn p: B mt kt cu cng trnh s tin hnh p.
Mt p: B mt lp p.
* Cng tc p
- Yu cu k thut
Cng tc p bo v hoc p trang tr cng trnh nn tin hnh sau khi
hon thnh cc cng tc xy lp kt cu.
Cng tc p trn kt cu lp ghp c th tin hnh trc hoc sau khi lp
dng kt cu v ph thuc vo c im ca cc loi vt liu p, quy trnh
cng ngh ch to kt cu v trnh t cng vic c quy nh trong thit k
thi cng cng trnh.
Vt liu p l cc loi gch p lt phi tha mn cc yu cu k thut
quy nh trong cc tiu chun TCVN 6414: 1998, TCVN 6884: 2001, TCVN
4732:1989, TCVN 6883: 2001. Tu theo kch thc, trng lng v chng loi ca
vt liu p, tnh cht, phng ca nn p, v tr p v c im cng
trnh m la chn phng php p cho ph hp Cc phng php p thng dng
gm:
- p bng va xi mng ct
- p bng keo gn
33

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Xy nhng gi tr,
Dng nhng c m

- p bng gi , mc treo, bu lng, inh vt...

Trc khi tin hnh p, cn hon thnh vic lp t cc mng k thut
ngm, cc chi tit c ch nh t trong tng cho h thng cp thot nc,
in, in thoi, truyn hnh, cp ga, kh, iu ho khng kh, cp my
tnh v cc cng vic khc c lin quan phng trnh mi va chm, chn
ng c th gy nn h hng hoc nh hng n cht lng lp p.
B mt kt cu c p trang tr hay p bo v theo phng thng ng
khng c nghing lch vt qu gi tr cho php quy nh trong cc tiu chun
TCVN 4085:1985, TCVN 4453: 1995, TCVN 4452-87.
Trc khi p mt trong cng trnh, phi hon thnh cng tc lp mi v
chng thm cc kt cu bao che pha trn din tch p, cng tc lp cc khun
ca s, ca ra vo cng nh cc cng vic c lin quan khc.
Cn phi kim tra phng ca nn p trc khi thi cng p phng. Nu
nn p c li lm ln hn 15 mm cn phi trt phng bng va xi mng ct.
li lm ca nn p khi p bng keo phi 3mm khi kim tra bng thuc di
2m.
Ch tin hnh p trn nn p c lp va trt lt to phng khi cng
ca lp va trt lt t ti thiu bng 75% ca mc va thit k. Lp va trt
lt phi bo m kh nng bm dnh tt vi nn trt. Khi p bng va xi mng
ct, ch nn p cho cc loi gch p c trng lng 20kg/m2
Trc khi p vo mt ngoi ca cc v tr c ng ng k thut chy qua
nh ng thng hi, thng gi, thng khi, knh mng cho thit b lm lnh v
nhng ni nhit thay i thng xuyn, cn phi bc quanh kt cu p mt
lp li thp c ng knh 1 mm trc khi trt lt . on li bc phi ph qu ra ngoi
phm vi cc ng ng k thut t nht 20 cm.
Nu khng c ch dn c th ca thit k, trc khi p cn tnh ton v
xc nh hp l v tr ca cc vin p sao cho s lng b ct l nh nht v c
b tr cc v tr d che khut. Nu vt liu p c hoa vn cn la chn v tr
ca vin p sao cho ph hp vi hoa vn v mu sc trang tr.
Khi tin hnh p mt ngoi cng trnh nn c bin php phng trnh s
xm nhp ca nc hoc cc tc ng xm thc ca mi trng lm nh hng
n ng u v mu sc ca vt liu p.
Khi p nhng tm thin nhin hay nhn to c kch thc ln v c trng
lng trn 5 kg, nn dng cc mc kim loi hay h thng gi treo c inh vt, bu
lng iu chnh gn cht vo mt p. Trong trng hp p mt ngoi
cng trnh bng cc phng php ny phi c bin php chng thm cho mt
ngoi ca tng trc khi tin hnh p.
Va dng trong cng tc p: Va dng p phi p ng c cc yu
cu k thut ph hp vi tiu chun TCVN 4314:2003 v tiu chun TCVN
3121:2003. Ct dng ch to va phi c sng qua sng. m bo yu
cu v cht lng lp p chc c v thi gian thao tc, nn dng va do v c
bm dnh cao.
34

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Xy nhng gi tr,
Dng nhng c m

- Thi cng p
Cng tc p tng mt trong cng trnh bng gch men knh, gch gm s,
gch thu tinh, tm nha, tm cc loi v.v... ch c php tin hnh sau khi
ti trng ca cng trnh truyn ln tng t ti thiu bng 65% ti trng
thit k.
p bng va xi mng ct
Khi tin hnh cng tc p bng va xi mng ct, cn phi m bo cht lng v duy tr lu ng ca va trong sut thi gian p. Va xi mng
nho trn xong cn s dng ngay trong vng 1 gi.
Khi p bng va xi mng ct v vt liu p l gch men t st nung,
nu gch kh, trc khi p cn nhng hoc ngm trong nc (theo ch dn ca
thit k hoc nh sn xut).
- Trnh t p bng va xi mng ct nh sau:
- Trt mt lp va vi chiu dy 10mm, xoa phng ln nn p v ch cho
lp va se;
- Pht u mt lp va xi mng ct t l 1:1 long vi chiu dy khng
qu 3mm ln mt sau ca gch p;
- Gn gch p ln lp va trt, cn chnh vo v tr cho phng, thng
mch, n hoc g nh vo gch to s bm dnh gia hai lp va;
- Trong trng hp khng th trt lp va u tin hoc khi p din tch rt
nh, c th p trc tip ln nn p bng cch pht va xi mng ct ln mt sau
ca gch p v gn vo v tr xc nh, cn chnh v g nh cho phng
mt p. Chiu dy ca lp va p khong 6mm v khng ln hn 12mm. Phng
php ny khng c p dng vi cc loi gch p ceramic c chiu dy 5.5mm
v d gy ra hin tng nt gch.
- p bng keo
Keo s dng p phi ph hp v tng thch vi nn p v vt liu p
theo ch dn ca nh sn xut
Mt ca nn p phi phng, tho mn cc yu cu quy nh mc
5.1.7.
Khi p bng keo, b mt sau ca vt liu p v nn p phi kh
khng lm gim kh nng bm dnh ca keo.
Cc cng tc chun b, ho trn keo v quy trnh thao tc p bng keo
phi tun th theo ng quy nh ca thit k v nh sn xut.
p bng phng php mc, treo
Khi tin hnh p cc vt liu c trng lng v kch thc ln nh cc tm
t nhin, nhn to, cc mng g, gm, s, tm nha, kim loi phi s dng phng php p treo, c s dng cc mc, inh vt, bu lng hoc h thng
gi bng kim loi.
35

vinaconex No5.,JSC

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Xy nhng gi tr,
Dng nhng c m

H thng gi , mc, treo phi c thit k v thi cng chc chn

gn vt liu p vo b phn kt cu chu lc ca cng trnh.
Khi p mt ngoi cng trnh, tt c cc chi tit ca gi , mc treo
phi c thit k hoc c cc bin php s l thch hp chu c tc ng
xm thc ca thi tit, mi trng.
Khi p nhng tm vt liu c kch thc v trng lng ln cn phi dng cc
phng tin nng bng c gii hoc bn c gii. H thng gin gio thi cng
phi chc chn v khng nh hng n hot ng ca thit b khi p.
Quy trnh thi cng lp dng h thng gi , mc treo v gn c nh
vt liu p ln kt cu phi tun th theo quy nh, ch dn ca thit k
hoc ca nh sn xut.
Khi p bn ngoi cng trnh, pha mt p trn v cc khe co dn cn c
bin php s l thch hp phng trnh nc ma thm nhp vo pha sau ca
mt p. trnh hin tng ng nc ma lm mt p, cc b mt p ca mi,
ca cc chi tit trang tr g, cnhkhi p nn c dc thot nc.
Hng p cui cng di chn tng khng c tip xc vi nn, hoc lp gch
lt trnh hin tng thm thu nc t di ln hoc b tc ng do hin tng
phng rp ca nn t hoc lp lt.
- Mch p
Khi p cao, cc mch p cn cht no va ngay trong qu trnh p trong
phm vi chiu cao khng qu 5m.
Khi p bng va xi mng ct hoc p bng keo qua cc khe co dn, cc
mch p nn b tr trng vi khe co dn phng trnh hin tng nt, v vt liu
p.
Cc mch p phi thng, u v sc nt. phng ca cc mch p
trong trng hp p phng khng c sai lch vt qu cc quy nh sau:
- 1mm khi p vi chiu rng mch p < 6mm
- 2mm khi p vi chiu rng mch p 6mm
Vt liu dng cht mch phi c la chn ph hp vi chiu rng v
cng nng ca mch p.
Khi p xong tng phn hay ton b b mt kt cu phi lm sch va,
bt cht mch v cc vt bn trn b mt p. Vic lm sch b mt p ch
nn tin hnh sau khi va gn mch p bt u ng rn, trnh lm long
mch p trong qu trnh v sinh.
Cn c bin php bo v, che chn trnh va p, try xc hoc
lm hng mt p sau khi hon thnh cng tc p. Dung sai cho php ca
mt phng p khng vt qu cc quy nh trong bng 1
Bng 1- Dung sai cho php ca mt p
36

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Xy nhng gi tr,
Dng nhng c m
Mt p ngoi cng trnh

(mm)
Tn b mt p Vt liu t
v
phm
vi
tnh sai s
Phn Ln
g
cong
nh
cc
n
b
nhin
Sai lch mt p
theo
phng
thng ng trn
1m
Sai lch mt p
trn 1 tng nh
Sai lch v tr
mt p theo phng ngang v
phng
thng
ng trn 1m
Sai lch v tr
mt p theo phng ngang v
phng
thng
ng trn sut
chiu di ca
mch p trong
gii hn phn
on ca kin
trc
2
2
3
3
10
1,5
khng trng 0,5

kht ca mch
ni ghp kin
trc v chi tit
trang tr
khng bng 2
phng theo hai
phng trn 1m
Vt
liu
Mng g
hnh m,
s
khi
Mt p mt trong
cng trnh (mm)
Tm
p
nha,
kim
loi
Vt liu Vt
t nhin
liu
g
Phn Ln
g
cong m,
s
nh
cc
Tm
p
nha
kim
loi
7
2
8
3
9
1,5
10
1
5
2
1,5
1,5
10
0,5
0,5
0,5
37

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Xy nhng gi tr,
Dng nhng c m

* Kim tra v nghim thu

-
Kim tra
Cng tc kim tra cht lng p tin hnh theo trnh t thi cng v bao gm cc
ch tiu chnh nh sau:
- phng ca mt p
- c chc v bm dnh ca nn p vi vt liu p.
- ng u ca ca mt p v mu sc, hoa vn, cc mch p, chi tit
trang tr
- Cc yu cu c bit khc ca thit k
Mt p phi tho mn cc yu cu:
- Tng th mt p phi m bo ng hnh dng, kch thc hnh hc
theo yu cu ca thit k.
- Vt liu p phi ng quy cch v chng loi, kch thc v mu sc,
khng cong vnh, st m, cc khuyt tt trn mt p khng c vt qu cc tr
s quy nh trong cc tiu chun k thut c lin quan hay quy nh ca thit
k.
- Nhng chi tit hnh p, hoa vn trn b mt p phi ng theo thit
k. Mu sc ca mt p bng vt liu nhn to phi ng nht.
- Cc mch p ngang dc phi sc nt, u thng v y va.
- Va trt trn kt cu phi chc c. Khi kim tra v ln mt p khng
c ting bp. Nhng vin b bp v long chn phi tho ra p li.
- Trn mt p khng c c vt nt, vt do va, sn, vi hoc do cc loi
ho cht gy ra.
- Khi kim tra bng thc di 2 m t p st vo mt p, khe h gia thc
v mt p khng qu 2 mm.
- Sai s cho php i vi b mt p khng vt qu gi tr quy nh trong bng
1
- Nghim thu
Nghim thu cng tc p c tin hnh ti hin trng. H s nghim thu gm
c :
- Chng ch xut s v cc kt qu th nghim vt liu
- Bin bn nghim thu vt liu p
- H s thit k v kch thc, hnh dng v v tr p
- Bn v hon cng ca cng tc p.
- Cc bin bn nghim thu cng vic hon thnh.
- Nht k cng trnh.
3 .Cng tc lt:
38

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Xy nhng gi tr,
Dng nhng c m

Cng tc lt ch c bt u khi lm xong cng tc trt trn hay trn

treo, cng tc trt v p tng. Trc khi lt mt nn c lm v sinh sch s. cc
v tr c yu cu v chng thm, trc khi lt phi kim tra cht lng ca lp
chng thm v cc chi tit khc.
Vt liu lt c dng theo thit k, khng c khuyt tt. Chiu dy ca lp
va xi mng, lt khng qu 15mm. Mch gia cc vin gch khng qu 1,5mm v
c chn y bng va xi mng trng nguyn cht ho lng vi nc. Mch chn
xong phi ra ngay cho mch sc gn ng thi lm sch mch lt khng
xi mng bm dnh. Phn tip gip gia cc mch lt, cng nh mch lt v
chn tng phi chn y va xi mng.
Mt lt c m bo bng phng khng g gh, li lm cc b v c kim
tra bng thc di 2m, khe h gia thc v mt lt khng qu 3mm. dc v phng dc ca mt lt c lm theo ng thit k v c kim tra bng niv kt
hp vi nc th hay cho ln vin bi thp.
4.Cng tc b v ln sn:
Sau khi kt thc v nghim thu cng tc trt,lt,p v lp t ca m bo
yu cu k thut nh thu s tin hnh ngay cng tc sn b tng.
Trc khi tin hnh cng tc sn b tng nh thu m bo cc cng tc
nghim thu phn trt, cc lp chng thm, cng tc bo v ca, vch v cc
thit b khc t yu cu ca ch u t.
B mt cu kin trc khi sn m bo sch , nhn, m khng vt
qu gii hn cho php. Cc ru thp ch,thp neo trn mt tng u c tho
b v trt li cho phng mt trc khi sn b.
B mt sn cng mu mn,bng khng l lp sn lt bn trong .Vt liu sn b
tng s dng cht liu b Levis ,trc khi s dng s c nh thu trnh ln ch
u t thng qua m bo v nhn hiu cht lng,thi gian s dng v cn
nguyn bao gi ng quy cch,sau mi cho s dng thi cng.
Cng tc sn b s c nh thu thc hin theo tng lp tu theo tng chng
loi v theo quy phm thng qua nghim thu vi ch u t tng lp trc khi thi
cng lp tip theo.
i vi cng tc sn cc cu kin st thp s c nh thu m bo thc hin
theo ng quy phm v yu cu thit k ca ch u t.Trc khi sn cc cu
39

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Xy nhng gi tr,
Dng nhng c m

kin st thp nh thu m bo lm sch cc mi hn,vy st (nh nhn

bng giy gip hoc my).
Cng tc sn ny c tin hnh theo tng lp ,lp th nht l lp sn chng r
,sau n lp sn lt v cui cng l lp sn hon thin vi mu sc theo yu
cu.
Cng tc sn g cng c sn 2 lp,sn lt v sn hon thin m bo theo
ng yu cu thit k ca ch u t.
chng 5 : tin thi cng

Chng ti ln k hoch v cam kt cung ng y vt t, thit b m
bo tin thi cng cng trnh.
Tin thi cng l vn m chng ti rt quan tm, qua cc bin php
t chc thi cng nu trn, vic a cc t i vo cng trng m bo mt
bng thi cng, quy trnh k thut... chng ti tnh ton c th v a ra tin
thi cng chi tit.Tng tin thi cng 390 Ngy
m bo tin vch ra ngay sau khi nhn lnh khi cng ca Ch
u t Cng ty chng ti s khn trng tin hnh trin khai cng tc t chc thi
cng ti hin trng.
Khi thi cng ct thp ngoi vic s dng my un, ct thp tt c cc cu
kin thp u c cc k s bc tay thp c th. Trong thi cng hon thin
cc t i cng nhn u c kim tra, la chn tay ngh trc khi k hp
ng lao ng, k v giy cam kt m bo an ton, hc an ton v a vo
tham gia thi cng ti cng trng. V mt cn b Cng ty s b tr cc cn b c
nng lc cng tc tt tham gia thi cng. Trong qu trnh thi cng tt c cc
cng tc u phi lp tin thi cng chi tit ca tun, thng ph hp vi tng
tin chung.
40

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Xy nhng gi tr,
Dng nhng c m

chng 6 : bin php Qun l cht lng

1. Cn c qun l cht lng:
iu l qun l u t xy dng ban hnh km theo ngh nh 52/N-CP
ca Chnh ph.
Ngh nh s 06/2005/N-CP ngy 07-02-2005 ca chnh ph v qun l
u t xy dng.
Ngh nh s 209/2004/N-CP ngy 26-12-2004 ca chnh ph v qun l
cht lng u t xy dng
Ngh nh s 49/2008/N-CP ngy 18-04-2008 v sa i b sung mt
s iu ca ngh nh 209/2004/N-CP.
TCVN 5637:1991 Qun l cht lng xy lp cng trnh xy dng. Nguyn
tc c bn.
iu l qun l cht lng cng trnh xy dng ban hnh theo quyt nh
s 35/1999/Q-BXD ca B Xy dng.
Cng ty c b phn kim tra k thut v cht lng cng trnh thc hin
cc cng tc qun l ca cc phn xy lp cng vi Ch u t, n v thit k,
t chc gim st vic lp h s nghin thu kim tra cht lng ca tng cng
vic, tng cng on hng mc theo tin thi cng.
2. Cc tiu chun quy phm chng ti p dng m bo gim st v

qun l cht lng cng trnh:
Ngh nh 209/2004/N - CP ngy 16 thng 12 nm 2004 ca Chnh ph

v vic qun l cht lng cc cng trnh xy dng
Thi cng nghim thu cc cng tc nn mng
T chc thi cng
TCVN 79-1980
TCVN 4055-1985
Qui trnh thit k lp t chc xy dng v thit k thi cng
TCVN
4252- 1988
Nghim thu cc cng trnh xy dng
TCVN 4091-
1985
Kt cu gch , quy phm thi cng v nghim thu
TCVN
4085-1985
41

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in thoi: 0373 824 876 - 825 001; Fax: 0373 824 211
Xy nhng gi tr,
Dng nhng c m

S dng my xy dng yu cu chung
TCVN 4087-
1985
B tng kim tra nh gi bn, quy nh chung
TCVN
5540-1991
Phng php ly mu b tng

B tng khi ln Quy phm thi cng v nghim thu
TCVN 3105
TCXDVN 305-
2004
Ct thp cho b tng- iu kin ti thiu thi cng v nghim thu
TCVN 8874-1991
Kt cu thp. Gia cng, lp rp v nghim thu. Yu cu k thut
TCXD
170-1989
Cng tc trc a trong xy dng cng trnh
TCVN 309-2004
Xi mng cc tiu chun th xi mng
TCVN 139-
1991
B tng nng yu cu bo dng m t nhin
Qun l cht lng xy cng trnh. Nguyn tc c bn
TCVN 5592-1991
TCVN
5637-
1991
Nghim thu thit b lp t xong
TCVN
5639-1991
Cng tc b cha BTCT Quy phm thi cng v nghim thu
TCVN
5641-
TCVN
5841-
1991
B cha nc bng BTCT Quy phm thi cng v nghim thu
1991
Bn giao cng trnh xy dng Nguyn tc c bn
TCVN
5640-1991
Cng tc hon thin trong xy dng. Quy phm TC & NT
TCVN 5674-
1992
Xi mng Pooc lng
Cng tc sn, trn Quy phm thi cng v nghim thu
TCVN 2682-1992
TCVN
567-
1992
42

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Xy nhng gi tr,
Dng nhng c m

Cng tc BT nn mng Quy phm thi cng v nghim thu
TCVN
5724-
1993
Cng tc chng thm Quy phm thi cng v nghim thu
TCVN
5718-1993
Ct xy dng - yu cu k thut
TCVN 1770-
1986
dm, si dm, si dng trong xy dng. Yu cu k thut
TCVN
1771-1986
Va xy dng - Yu cu k thut
TCVN
4214-1986
Hng dn pha trn v s dng va xy dng
TCVN 4459-
1987
H thng tiu chun lao ng. Quy nh c bn
TCVN
4459-1987
Cng tc t Quy phm thi cng v nghim thu
TCVN
4447-
1987
Kt cu BT v BTCT ton khi Quy phm thi cng v Nghim thu
TCVN
4452-1987
Hon thin mt bng Quy phm thi cng v nghim thu
TCVN
4516-1988
Vi can xi cho xy dng
Kt cu thp gia cng, lp rp v nghim thu. Yu cu KT
TCVN 2234-1989
20TCV
170-
1989
Gch - Phng php kim tra bn nn
TCVN 2446-
1986
PCCC cho nh v cng trnh xy dng
TCVN 1622-
1995
Hng dn xy dng s tay cht lng
Cng tc xy Quy phm thi cng v nghim thu
TCVN 5951-1995
TCVN
4085-
1995
Kt cu b tng ton khi. Quy phm thi cng v nghin thu
TCVN
4453-1995
43

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Xy nhng gi tr,
Dng nhng c m

Chng n mn trong xy dng. Kt cu BT v BTCT. Phn loi mi trng xm

thc
TCVN 3944-1995
Nh cao tng. K thut bm b tng
TCXD 200-1997
Nh cao tng. K thut s dng gio treo
TCXD 201-
1997
Nh cao tng. K thut ch to b tng mc 400-600
TCXD
199-1997
Nh cao tng. Thi cng phn thn
TCXD202-
1997
Nh cao tng. K thut o c phc v cng tc thi cng
TCXD 203-
1997.
Ni ct thp c g
Gin gio trong xy dng
TCXD234-1999
TCN 166-1989
Bng chn nc dng trong cc cng trnh xy dng Yu cu s dng

TCXDVN 290-2002
Gin gio, cc yu cu v an ton
TCXDVN
296
2004
H thng tiu chun lao ng. Quy nh cn bn
TCVN
2287-
TCVN
2289-
TCVN
2291-
TCVN
4086-
1978
Qu trnh sn xut yu cu chung v an ton
1987
Phng tin bo v ngi v lao ng. Phn loi
1978
An ton in trong xy dng. Yu cu chung
1985
Cng vic hn in. Yu cu chung
TCVN 3146-1986
Lan can an ton. iu kin k thut
TCVN 4431-1987
Quy phm an ton thit b nng
TCVN 4244-
1986
44

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Xy nhng gi tr,
Dng nhng c m

Thit b nng. Yu cu an ton trong lp t v s dng.
TCVN
5863-1995
Thit b nng. Cp thp, tang, rng rc, xch v a xch. Yu cu an ton
TCVN 5864-1995
Quy phm an ton trong xy dng
TCVN 5308-
1991
An ton n. Yu cu chung
An ton chy. Yu cu chung
TCVN 3255-1986
TCVN 3254-1989
Cc ch dn k thut v cc tiu chun ch nh ca thit k v cc tiu

chun ca nh nc.
3. M hnh qun l cht lng:

Cht lng l mt trong nhng yu t quyt nh s thnh bi v s sng
cn ca mt doanh nghip. Chnh v vy Cng ty chng ti c bit quan
tm n vn ny. Cht lng xy dng c hnh thnh trong mi giai
on:
+ Trc khi thi cng ( lp k hoch tin , thit k bin php, gia cng ch
to vt liu, chi tit xy dng v vn chuyn ti chn cng trnh )
+ Giai on xy dng ( quy trnh thi cng xy lp ) v sau khi xy dng
( bn giao nghim thu v a vo s dng ).
Qun l cht lng l qu trnh thit lp, bo qun v duy tr mc cn
thit trong gia cng, lp dng, thi cng v a vo s dng. Qu trnh ny
chng ti thc hin bng cch kim tra, thanh tra, gim st thi cng theo ng
bn v, thc hin ng quy trnh, tiu chun, thng s v cc tc ng c nh
hng ti cht lng, tin hnh nghim thu u vo, tng phn, tng cng on
cho tng cng vic c th.
H thng qun l ti liu v cc thng s thit k, cc ch tiu k thut c p dng v a vo cng trnh, kim tra nh k cng tc k thut xy lp,
thanh tra k thut, an ton lao ng. Qu trnh kim tra, gim st c s tham
gia ca bn thn ngi cng nhn lao ng, k thut hin trng, ch nhim
cng trnh, cn b gim st cht lng ca Cng ty nhm ngn nga v loi tr h
hng, ph phm v s c i vi cng trnh trong mi chi tit, mi cng on.
Kim tra gim st cht lng vt liu, cng tc xy lp c thc hin bi
Trung tm t vn KHCN v XNK-HANTECH l n v c nng lc thc
45

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Xy nhng gi tr,
Dng nhng c m

hin cng tc th nghim trn c hin trng v c trong phng th nghim

nh gi cht lng vt liu v cng trnh.
4. Cng tc kim tra, gim st th nghim hin trng v nghim thu
- Nh thu c trch nhim m bo cht lng ton b sn phm xy lp
ca mnh. Thi cng ng h s thit k, tun th quy trnh, quy phm v cc
yu cu k thut ca Ch u t, T vn gim st.
- Cp nht h s hon cng, nht k cng trnh theo yu cu.
- Trong qu trnh thi cng i vi hng mc u c s chp thun ca K
s ph trch gim st mi c chuyn sang thi cng cc hng mc tip theo.
- Cc vt liu t, , xi mng, st thp khi a vo cng trnh u phi
c chng ch t yu cu v cht lng theo quy trnh th nghim.
- Nh thu b tr cc cn b thi cng c nhiu kinh nghim thi cng cc
hng mc cng trnh c tnh nng k thut tng t.
- C trch nhim cao trong cng tc ph trch. B tr nhn vin, cn b
c o to chuyn mn lm cng tc th nghim kim tra cht lng ti cng
trnh.
- Cc k s thi cng bm st hin trng lp k hoch thi cng, k hoch c
th cho tng tun t K s T vn ph duyt, m bo cc hng mc thi cng
u c gim st nghim thu v kim tra cht lng nhm mc ch khc
phc, sa cha ngy nhng thiu st trong qu trnh thi cng.
- theo di qu trnh thi cng v ch o tin , cht lng chng
ti lp cc h s thi cng v nghim thu nh sau:
+ Bn v thit k thi cng:
Bn v thit k thi cng do ch u t giao chng ti lu lm gc, khi thi
cng trn cng trng s ph t thm t 2-3 b phc v cho cng vic ch o thi
cng.
+ Nht k thi cng:
Nht k thi cng l cun s dng ghi chp mi hot ng trong ngy
trn cng trng. V vy s c ghi hng ngy v iu kin thi tit, kh hu,
lc lng cng nhn vin v my mc thit b tham gia thi cng. Mu nht k thi
cng c nh thu thc hin ng thng t 12. S nht k thi cng c nh s
trang t u n cui v ng du gip lai.
+ Cc loi bin bn nghim thu ni b ca nh thu, phiu yu cu
nghim thu, nghim thu cng vic, nghim thu chuyn bc giai on thi cng,
bin bn nghim thu cng tc xy lp hon thnh c thc hin theo thng t
12/BXD v Ngh nh 209/2004/N - CP ngy 26 thng 12 nm 2004.
+ H s lu gi, cc bin bn th nghim v kt qu th nghim, kt qu
kim tra hin trng.
46

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Xy nhng gi tr,
Dng nhng c m

+ Cc bin bn o c, quan trc cng trnh nh tim, ct, chiu di,

chiu rng cc kt cu thc t thi cng so vi thc t.
+ Cc bin bn ly mu th nghim vt liu, b tng v cc kt qu th
nghim km theo.
+ Lp h s hon cng
+ Cc cng vic, hng mc cng trnh v ton b cng trnh thi cng
c nh thu m t chnh xc bng bn v hon cng c xc nhn ca T vn
gim st, Ch u t v ngi c thm quyn ca Nh thu k tn v ng du.
- Cng tc nghim thu:
Cng tc kim tra nghim thu ca k s gim st cng trnh c tin hnh
cht ch, kp thi i vi tt c cc cng vic, c bit l cc phn khut trc
khi chuyn bc thi cng.
Trong qu trnh thi cng mi cng vic thi cng hon thnh trc khi lp
phiu yu cu nghim thu gi Ch u t t chc nghim thu, phng k thut
Nh thu tin hnh kim tra trc sa cha, khc phc tt c nhng tn ti
hoc nhng khim khuyt ca cc cng vic hoc cc hng mc. Tt c cc
cng vic sa cha, khc phc v c hon chnh th tin hnh nghim thu
ni b ca Nh thu.
- Cng tc qun l h s.
Cc loi h s thi cng c lp vi s lng Nh thu lu gi, Ch
u t lu gi v gi n cc c quan qun l chc nng.
Tt c cc loi h s thi cng sau khi c ch k ca ngi c lin quan
theo quy nh nht thit phi chuyn v Cng ty mt b gc kim tra v lu gi cn thn.
5. Cam kt bo hnh cng trnh.
Cng ty chng ti cam kt thc hin bo hnh cng trnh theo quyt
nh s 35/1999/Q-BXD ngy 12 thng 11 nm 1999 ca B Xy dng v vic
ban hnh Quy nh v qun l cht lng cng trnh xy dung.
chng 7 : bin php an ton lao ng v an ninh bo v

47

vinaconex No5.,JSC

in thoi: 0373 824 876 - 825 001; Fax: 0373 824 211
Xy nhng gi tr,
Dng nhng c m

1. An ton v ngi:
Chng ti c quy nh phn cp trch nhim r rng v cng tc an ton
lao ng v v sinh lao ng t ch huy n cng nhn trc tip tham gia
lao ng sn xut. Trn cng trng chng ti b tr mt cn b ph trch an
tan, chuyn gim st vic thc hin an ton trn cng trng.
Tt c cn b v cng nhn tham gia thi cng cng trnh u c kim
tra sc kho. Ti cng trng b tr 1 y t thng xuyn kim tra sc kho cho cng
nhn v chm sc khi au m.
Tt c cc cng nhn phi c ph bin v an ton lao ng trong xy
dng 06 thng mt ln v c trang b y cc phng tin an ton lao
ng. C ni quy m bo bt buc cng nhn phi s dng trang thit b
bo h lao ng khi lm vic ti cng trng.
Cng trng c b tr cc t thuc y t v cc thit b cp cu ban u,
ng k vi trung tm y t ni gn nht kp thi iu tr lc m, tai nn
lao ng t xut xy ra.
2. An ton trong thi cng:
Trong gi lm vic nghim cm khng c ung ru, bia. Khng c i dp
l, chn t v phi mc qun o gn gng. Sau mi t ma, gi phi kim tra
cc thit b thi cng trc khi lm vic.
Trn cng trng c b tr h n chiu sng xung quanh cng trng v trn
cc tuyn ng i li.
Xung quanh khu vc thi cng c hng ro ngn v b tr bo v khng cho
ngi khng c nhim v ra vo cng trng.
Tt c cng vic thi cng trn cao ca phn khung v hon thin, u
phi c hng ro lan can an ton chc chn. Thi cng trn tng cao, tng d i
phi c li chn bng thp hoc bng vi chn vt liu ri.
Gin gio phi k chn, ging c nh vo cng trnh, thng xuyn kim
tra n nh ca gio.
Cng trng c thit lp cc bin bo:
- Bo cm.
- Bo nguy him.
- Bo d chy.`
c hun luyn k thut An ton y .
48

vinaconex No5.,JSC

in thoi: 0373 824 876 - 825 001; Fax: 0373 824 211
Xy nhng gi tr,
Dng nhng c m

S dng in trn cng trng phi c s mng in, c cu dao tng

v cu dao phn on c th ngt in ton b hay tng khu vc cng
trnh khi cn thit.
Cc thit b in, my mc c s dng in phi c h s l lch r rng,
c kim nh cht ch ca c quan c thm quyn c cc bng ni quy khi
vn hnh, tc nghip cc loi thit b, my mc trn.
H thng in ng lc v in chiu sng c chi thnh 2 h thng
ring.
Ct in hon ton khi c ging bo, m bo tuyt i An ton khng
chp chy.
4. Bin php an ninh bo v:
Ton b ti sn ca cng trnh c bo qun v bo v chu o. Cng tc
an ninh bo v c c bit ch , v rng mt mt vt t, ti sn s gy thit
hi cho x hi, nh hng ti tm l ngi lao ng cng nh uy tn ca nh thu.
Chnh v vy trn cng trng duy tr k lut lao ng, ni quy v ch
trch nhim ca tng ngi ch huy cng trng ti tng cn b cng nhn vin.
C ch bn giao r rng, chnh xc trnh gy mt mt v thit hi vt t,
thit b v ti sn ni chung.
Thng xuyn c i bo v trn cng trng 24/24, bui ti c in sng
bo v cng trnh. Cng ty thng xuyn kt hp cht ch vi bo v ca Ch
u t v c quan chc nng bo v an ninh chung ca cng trng.
49

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Xy nhng gi tr,
Dng nhng c m

chng 8 : bin php bo V mi trng phng chng n

Trn cng trng khi thi cng xong phn hm c cc cng trnh phc v
nhu cu v sinh hot, v sinh cho CBCNV nh nh n, nh ngh gia ca, b nc,
khu v sinh.
Vt liu ch n cng trng c xp gn gng, ring bit tng loi vt
liu, khng ln ln cc loi vt liu khc nhau. Ct, , gch khng c
ng qu cao. St thp v xi mng c xp vo kho vt t.
Sau mi ca lm vic phi thu dn v sinh sch s, dng c thi cng c ra
sch v ct vo kho. Vt liu ph thi phi c thu dn sch sau dng xe ch
n ni quy nh.
H thng che chn ca nh cao tng: Dng li chn bi ton b xung
quanh cng trng theo chiu cao thi cng. Ton b cc xe ch vt liu cng nh
ph thi i v n cng trng u c ph bt kn khng ri vi khi vn
chuyn trnh gy nhim mi trng. Xung quanh cng trnh u c li chn
ngang cc vt ri khi thi cng trn cao. trnh bi v ting n khng
lm nh hng ti cc khu ln cn nhng ph thi trong qu trnh thi cng t
tng 2 tr ln khi a xung tng 1 u a qua 1 ng ng kn vo mt gi
nht nh m khng lm nh hng n s lm vic ca cng trnh xung
quanh
Trn cng trng thng xuyn thc hin v sinh cng nghip. ng i li li
thng thong, ni tp kt vt liu bo qun ngn np gn gng. Tt c nc thi
u c a vo h thng thot nc chung ca khu vc qua ng ng nha
D110 v ng cao su mm.
Cc xe my thi cng u c phun ra trc khi ra khi cng trng.
Quy hoch ch qun o, ch ngh tra, ch v sinh cng cng sch s,
y . Tuyt i khng phng u ba bi ti cng trng. Rc thi thng xuyn
c dn dp, khng cht ng gy cn tr li i li.
50

vinaconex No5.,JSC

in thoi: 0373 824 876 - 825 001; Fax: 0373 824 211
Xy nhng gi tr,
Dng nhng c m

chng 9 : Bin php m bo cht lng, tin cng trnh

v bo hnh cng trnh
1.Quy trnh qun l cht lng: (xem s )
Cht lng l mt trong nhng yu t quyt nh s thnh bi v s sng cn
ca mt doanh nghip. Chnh v vy Cng ty chng ti c bit quan tm
n vn ny. Cht lng xy dng c hnh thnh trong mi giai on:
+ Trc khi thi cng (lp k hoch tin , thit k bin php, gia cng ch to
vt liu, chi tit xy dng v vn chuyn ti cng trng)
+ Giai on xy dng (quy trnh thi cng xy lp) v sau khi xy dng
(bn giao nghim thu v a vo s dng).
Qun l cht lng l qu trnh thit lp, bo qun v duy tr mc cn
thit trong gia cng, lp dng, thi cng v a vo s dng. Qu trnh ny
chng ti thc hin bng cch kim tra, thanh tra, gim st thi cng theo ng
bn v, thc hin ng quy trnh, tiu chun, thng s v cc tc ng c nh
hng ti cht lng, tin hnh nghim thu u vo, tng phn, tng cng on
cho tng cng vic c th.
H thng qun l ti liu v cc thng s thit k, cc ch tiu k thut c
p dng v a vo cng trnh, kim tra nh k cng tc k thut xy lp,
thanh tra k thut, an ton lao ng. Qu trnh kim tra, gim st c s tham
gia ca bn thn ngi cng nhn lao ng, k thut hin trng, ch nhim
cng trnh, cn b gim st cht lng ca Cng ty nhm ngn nga v loi tr h
hng, ph phm v s c i vi cng trnh trong mi chi tit, mi cng on.
Kim tra gim st cht lng vt liu, cng tc xy lp c thc hin trn c
hin trng v c trong phng th nghim ca Cng ty bng cch dng cc dng
c v cc thit b th nghim tin tin nh gi cht lng vt liu v cng
trnh.
51

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Xy nhng gi tr,
Dng nhng c m

Quy trnh kim sot cht lng

V quy trnh nghim thu cng vic xy dng
Ban ch huy
cng trng
Giai on
Nghim thu ni b
Bin php thi cng

Vt t, thit b, nhn lc,
an ton
Tin thi cng
T Cng nhn trc tip

thi cng
Nghim thu s b
(c.b Kt hin trng v t trng)
Cha t
Nghim thu ni b
ch huy trng
cn b thi cng trc tip
c.b kt thi cng trc tip
t trng cng nhn
Giai on
Nghim thu cng vic
Gi giy
mi nghim
thu
Bin bn nghim thu

ni b
Nghim thu cng vic

c.b ch u t
t vn gim st
c.b kt thi cng trc tip
Cha t
t
Lp bin bn nghim thu
Trin khai cng vic tip theo
52

vinaconex No5.,JSC

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Xy nhng gi tr,
Dng nhng c m

Quy trnh nghim thu vt liu, thit b, sn phm

ch to sn trc khi a vo s dng
Nh thu thi cng xy lp
Ly mu vt liu th
nghim ti cc Las-xd
Nghim thu ni b nh thu
Phiu ngh nghim thu
T vn gim st
Ban ql da
T chc nghim thu
(c kt qa th nghim,
chng ch vt liu u
vo, mu lu)
Khng t
1. Chuyn ra khi
CT
2. Thay vt liu
khc
1.K bin bn
nghim thu
2. a vo s dng
Cng trnh
II. Bin php m bo cht lng v tin

* bo m cht lng cng trnh chng ti s c i ng cn b, cng
nhn k thut lnh ngh tng tham gia thi cng cc cng trnh t cht lng cao. Trong qu trnh thi cng c cn b kim tra gim st thng xuyn ca
cng ty ti hin trng. Vi tng phn vic cn c k s chuyn ngnh thng xuyn
theo di gim st, cc mu vt liu c tin hnh kim tra ti cc phng th
nghim khi bo m cht lng mi a vo cng trnh, tng cng cng tc bo
v trnh tht thot trong qu trnh thi cng. Mi cng vic u c tin hnh
nghim thu vi ch u t sau mi thi cng phn tip theo. Sau mi phn
53

vinaconex No5.,JSC

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Xy nhng gi tr,
Dng nhng c m

vic u c bn v hon cng kim tra chnh xc nhng phn vic

thi cng.
*Bin php bo v tin cng trnh:
m bo tin cng trnh, trong thi im thi cng chng ti tin
hnh thi cng hai ca. Cng vic phn th, lm ct thp, cp pha, hon thin c thi cng xen k va m bo c yu cu k thut cng nh tin thi cng
cng trnh m chng ti ra.
Tin thi cng cng trnh c thng qua ch u t, tin hng thng
v ton b cng trnh. Kim tra vic thc hin tin thi cng cng nh cht lng cng trnh qua cc cuc giao ban hng tun, hng thng gia ch u t vi
n v thi cng.
III-Bo hnh cng trnh xy dng

1. Thi hn bo hnh c tnh t ngy ch u t k bin bn nghim thu hng mc cng trnh
xy dng, cng trnh xy dng hon thnh a vo s dng v c quy nh nh sau:
a) Khng t hn 24 thng i vi mi loi cng trnh cp c bit, cp I;
b) Khng t hn 12 thng i vi cc cng trnh cn li.
2. Mc tin bo hnh cng trnh xy dng:
a) Nh thu thi cng xy dng cng trnh v nh thu cung ng thit b cng trnh c trch
nhim np tin bo hnh vo ti khon ca ch u t theo cc mc sau:
- 3% gi tr hp ng i vi cng trnh xy dng hoc hng mc cng trnh xy dng quy nh
ti im a (Khng t hn 24 thng i vi mi loi cng trnh cp c bit, cp I)
- 5% gi tr hp ng i vi cng trnh xy dng hoc hng mc cng trnh xy dng quy nh
ti im b (Khng t hn 12 thng i vi cc cng trnh cn li.)
b) Nh thu thi cng xy dng cng trnh v nh thu cung ng thit b cng trnh ch c
hon tr tin bo hnh cng trnh sau khi kt thc thi hn bo hnh v c ch u t xc nhn
hon thnh cng vic bo hnh;
c) Tin bo hnh cng trnh xy dng, bo hnh thit b cng trnh c tnh theo li sut ngn
hng do hai bn tho thun. Nh thu thi cng xy dng cng trnh v ch u t c th tha thun
vic thay th tin bo hnh cng trnh xy dng bng th bo lnh ca ngn hng c gi tr tng
ng.
2. Nh thu thi cng xy dng cng trnh c trch nhim sau y:
54

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Xy nhng gi tr,
Dng nhng c m

a) T chc khc phc ngay sau khi c yu cu ca ch u t, ch s hu hoc ch qun l s

dng cng trnh v phi chu mi ph tn khc phc;
b) T chi bo hnh cng trnh xy dng v thit b cng trnh trong cc trng hp sau y:
- Cng trnh xy dng h hng khng phi do li ca nh thu gy ra;
- Ch u t vi phm php lut v xy dng b c quan nh nc c thm quyn buc tho d;
Cng trnh xy dng sai quy trnh vn hnh.
3. Nh thu thi cng xy dng cng trnh, phi bi thng thit hi do li ca mnh gy ra h
hng cng trnh xy dng, s c cng trnh xy dng k c sau thi gian bo hnh, tu theo mc
vi phm cn b x l theo quy nh ca php lut.
55

vinaconex No5.,JSC

in thoi: 0373 824 876 - 825 001; Fax: 0373 824 211
Xy nhng gi tr,
Dng nhng c m

chng 10 : bin php phng chng chy n ngp ng

1. Ch bo qun:
Thc hin ch bo qun vt t, xe my, thit b theo ng quy nh
v phng chng chy n. Cc h thng in t cng trng t cu giao tng
bn A cp n cc khu vc dng in thng xuyn c kim tra, nu c nghi
vn ng dy khng an ton yu cu sa ngay.
2. Giao thng ngun nc:

m bo ng i li li trong cng trng thng thong, b tr cng ra vo
cng trng sao cho xe cha chy d dng tip cn cng trng, kho, xng... Thng xuyn d tr 2 bnh bt cn thit ng cu nhanh trng hp chy nh.
3. Phng tin thng tin lin lc:

Ti vn phng ca Ch nhim cng trnh c b tr in thoi s v 1 in
thoi di ng phc v cho vic iu hnh sn xut v lin lc vi cc c quan
chc nng v chnh quyn s ti khi c tnh hung khn cp xy ra.
Ngoi ra ti cng trng c phng tin lin lc nh loa phng thanh, b m
m bo lin lc thng sut gia cc cn b, cng nhn vi ban ch huy cng
trnh hin tt cc ch th c giao.
4. Nguyn tc cu cha:
Thc hin nghim ngt ch bo ng cho lc lng cha chy, gi in
cho cng an PCCC hoc dng phng tin xe my bo cho i PCCC ni gn
nht. Huy ng lc lng cng nhn vin trn cng trng cu cha s tn vt t,
xe my, ct in, dng bnh cha chy d tr lm gim m chy khi ch
lc lng PCCC n.
5. Phng php phng chng chy n c bn:

Vi phng chm phng hn chng, cn b nhn vin thng xuyn c ph
bin ni quy, tuyn truyn gio dc, kim tra n c, nhc nh tinh thn
nng cao cnh gic, tch cc ngn nga v thc hin tt php lnh PCCC.
C th l:
+ Bp un nc c b tr ring bit xa ni c vt d chy v cc kho
cha.
+ Cm khng c mc, s dng in tu tin. Ht gi chng ti c cn b
v cng nhn in i kim tra v nu thy ch no khng cn thit th ngt
in.
56

vinaconex No5.,JSC

in thoi: 0373 824 876 - 825 001; Fax: 0373 824 211
Xy nhng gi tr,
Dng nhng c m

Khng :
+ Dng giy bc hay dy ng lm cu ch.
+ Dng dy in cu trc tip vo cm.
+ cc cht d chy gn dy in v bng in.
Sp xp vt t ring tng loi gn gng.
Khng cc chng ngi vt trn ng i li li.
Xe ra vo cng trnh ch khng gn cc vt t d chy, khi ngh
ch tt my v quay u xe ra ngoi.
Cc phng tin cha chy phi ni d thy, d nhn v mi ngi
khng c s dng vo cc cng vic khc.
6. Chng ngp ng khi thi cng:

Trong khi thi cng cng trnh nu cng trnh b ngp ng do thi tit khi
ma, ton b nc s c bm vo h thng thot nc chung ca khu vc.
Giai on u khi thi cng cng trnh cha lm mng li thot nc ngoi nh
chng tiu ng cho khu t th chng ti tin hnh a rnh thot nc xung
quanh hng ro v bm nc ra h thng thot nc.
Kho tng c t ni cao ro, ngn np gn gng. phng nc dng cao
do ng ngp t xut hay bo lt, chng ti c bin php di chuyn vt t qu
him n ni an ton hn.
Khi gp gi bo ln hn cp 6 th s ngng thi cng.
57

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in thoi: 0373 824 876 - 825 001; Fax: 0373 824 211
Xy nhng gi tr,
Dng nhng c m

chng 11 : p dng cc bin php khoa hc k thut thi

cng cng trnh t cht lng cao
Chng ti lun p dng cc cng ngh mi nht vo qu trnh thi cng nh:
1- S dng h thng gio tiu chun.
2- Cp pha thp nh hnh.
3- Cp pha vn php ch to nh hnh.
4- S dng cc loi my cng c tin tin trong thi cng nh cu thp, my vn
thngmy ht bi v sinh cp pha, my khoan + ct gch v b tng
thi cng ng ng cp thot nc, my un thp ca Nht...
5- S dng cc loi ph gia v ho cht SIKA tng cht lng cho b tng,
va gim thi gian lin kt tng bm dnh gia b tng vi cc lp trt.
6- Chng ti c s dng cc con k thp, con k va cng cao k ct
thp m bo v tr thp trong b tng.
7- Ti mt s v tr cnh tng + ct hay va chm chng ti dng cc np thp
hoc nha t vo cc gc nhm trnh st gc khi va chm.
Cng ty chng ti cam kt thc hin bo hnh cng trnh theo ngh nh
s 209/2005/N-CP ngy 16-12-2005 ca chnh ph v qun l cht lng cng
trnh xy dng.
kt lun
Trn y l bin php k thut thi cng v t chc thi cng do Cng ty lp
ra t chc thi cng hng mc cng trnh Thi cng v hon thin tng hm
N01. Chng ti xin cam kt thc hin ng nhng yu cu ca ch u t
cng nh nhng mc tiu m n v thi cng chng ti a ra cng trnh
t cht lng tt v sm a vo s dng.
i din nh thu
58

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in thoi: 0373 824 876 - 825 001; Fax: 0373 824 211
Xy nhng gi tr,
Dng nhng c m

59

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Tng cng ty c phn xut nhp khu v xy dng vit nam - Vinaconex -

cng ty c phn xy dng s 5

a ch : - S 203 Trn Ph, Bm Sn, Tnh Thanh Ho

- Tng 2, To Nh Vimeco l E9, ng Phm Hng - Cu Giy - H ni

thuyt minh bin php t chc thi cng

chng 1 : Gii thiu chung v cng trnh.........................................3

cng ty c phn xy dng s 5

a ch : - S 203 Trn Ph, Bm Sn, Tnh Thanh Ho

- Tng 2, To Nh Vimeco l E9, ng Phm Hng - Cu Giy - H ni

cng ty c phn xy dng s 5

a ch : - S 203 Trn Ph, Bm Sn, Tnh Thanh Ho

- Tng 2, To Nh Vimeco l E9, ng Phm Hng - Cu Giy - H ni

thuyt minh bin php t chc thi cng

- H s yu cu gi thu: Thi cng v hon thin tng hm nh N01

cng ty c phn xy dng s 5

a ch : - S 203 Trn Ph, Bm Sn, Tnh Thanh Ho

- Tng 2, To Nh Vimeco l E9, ng Phm Hng - Cu Giy - H ni

Tng hm 2 cos -8.200 din tch khong 12.018m2 khong 299 xe t.

Mt bng cng trng nm trong cc tuyn ph ln, xung quanh c

cng ty c phn xy dng s 5

a ch : - S 203 Trn Ph, Bm Sn, Tnh Thanh Ho

- Tng 2, To Nh Vimeco l E9, ng Phm Hng - Cu Giy - H ni

trn, c ngun nhn lc di do, trnh chuyn mn nghip v cao, chuyn

cng ty c phn xy dng s 5

a ch : - S 203 Trn Ph, Bm Sn, Tnh Thanh Ho

- Tng 2, To Nh Vimeco l E9, ng Phm Hng - Cu Giy - H ni

chng 2 : bin php t chc thi cng

cng ty c phn xy dng s 5

a ch : - S 203 Trn Ph, Bm Sn, Tnh Thanh Ho

- Tng 2, To Nh Vimeco l E9, ng Phm Hng - Cu Giy - H ni

dm ch c s dng khi cc ch tiu kim tra ph hp tiu chun hin

cng ty c phn xy dng s 5

a ch : - S 203 Trn Ph, Bm Sn, Tnh Thanh Ho

- Tng 2, To Nh Vimeco l E9, ng Phm Hng - Cu Giy - H ni

cng ty c phn xy dng s 5

a ch : - S 203 Trn Ph, Bm Sn, Tnh Thanh Ho

- Tng 2, To Nh Vimeco l E9, ng Phm Hng - Cu Giy - H ni

III- T chc b my qun l cng trng:

cng ty c phn xy dng s 5

a ch : - S 203 Trn Ph, Bm Sn, Tnh Thanh Ho

- Tng 2, To Nh Vimeco l E9, ng Phm Hng - Cu Giy - H ni

IV - vt t, thit b xe my s dng trong cng trnh

D tr Cc thit b, nhn lc cng nhn thi cng ch yu

cng ty c phn xy dng s 5

a ch : - S 203 Trn Ph, Bm Sn, Tnh Thanh Ho

- Tng 2, To Nh Vimeco l E9, ng Phm Hng - Cu Giy - H ni

Chng 3 : T chc mt bng thi cng

cng ty c phn xy dng s 5

a ch : - S 203 Trn Ph, Bm Sn, Tnh Thanh Ho

- Tng 2, To Nh Vimeco l E9, ng Phm Hng - Cu Giy - H ni

- Nh lm vic vn phng cng trng.

cng ty c phn xy dng s 5

a ch : - S 203 Trn Ph, Bm Sn, Tnh Thanh Ho

- Tng 2, To Nh Vimeco l E9, ng Phm Hng - Cu Giy - H ni

cng u bng cp bc cao su 3x35 + 1x16 v c treo trn cao >=3,5m

cng ty c phn xy dng s 5

a ch : - S 203 Trn Ph, Bm Sn, Tnh Thanh Ho

- Tng 2, To Nh Vimeco l E9, ng Phm Hng - Cu Giy - H ni

Ti mt bng cng trnh c h thng mng thot nc ma chnh chy

cng ty c phn xy dng s 5

a ch : - S 203 Trn Ph, Bm Sn, Tnh Thanh Ho

- Tng 2, To Nh Vimeco l E9, ng Phm Hng - Cu Giy - H ni

Chng 4 : bin php k thut thi cng

Chuyn to v cao t li c s ln cc tng. Thnh lp trn cc