Sixth Inlernat ionaI

25-27 March 1997

Venue
The University of Nottingham, UK

ORGANISED BY
This Conference is being organised by the Power Division of the Institution of Electrical
Engineers in association with
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers - Power Engineering Society
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers - United Kingdom & Republic of
Ireland Section
CIGRE British National Committee - International Conference on Large High Voltage
Electric Systems
EUREL - Convention of National Societies of Electrical Engineers of Europe

ORGANISING COMMITTEE
Dr M A Redfern University of Bath (Chairman)
Mr B R J Caunce GECAlsthom T&D Protection and Control
Professor C Christopoulos University of Nottingham
Dr P A Crossley UMIST
Mr J A Downes National Grid Company
Mr G 0 Hensman Yorkshire Electricity
Mr W J Laycock Rolls Royce Industrial Power Group - Reyrolle Protection
Professor J R McDonald University of Strathclyde
Dr P J Moore University of Bath
Dr D M Peck ABB Network Partner AG, Switzerland
Professor M S Sachdev Professor Emeritus, University of Saskatchewan, Canada
EurIng R Watson Kelman Ltd

CORRESPONDING MEMBERS
Mr R G Coney ESKOM, South Africa
Mr A T Giuliante Consultant and IEEE Power Engineering Socieg, USA
Mr S H Horowitz Consultant, USA
Dr W S Kwong China Light & Power Company, Hong Kong
Professor P G McLaren University of Manitoba, Canada
Professor C Y Teo Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
Dr A Tsuboi Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, Japan
Professor A Wiszniewski Technical University of Wroclaw, Poland

11

Author Disclaimer
"While the author and the publisher believe that the information and guidance given in this work are
correct, all parties must rely upon their own skill and judgement when making use of it. Neither the
author nor the publisher assume any liability tlo anyone for any loss or damage caused by any error
or omission in the work, whether such error or omission is the result of negligence or any other
cause. Any and all such liability is disclaimed."

Copyright and Copying

"All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be produced, stored in a retrieval system, or
transmitted in any form or by any means - electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or
otherwise - without the prior written permission of the publisher."

Conditions of Acceptance of Advertisements

The Institution reserves 1:he right to refuse to insert any advertisements (even if ordered and paid for)
and/or to make alteratioris necessary to maintain its standards.
It is not guaranteed that (anyadvertisement will be placed in any specified position or on any
specified page unless agireement has been entered into and the agreed surcharge paid.
Every effort will be made to avoid errors but no responsibility will be accepted for any mistakes that
may arise in the course of publication of any advertisement. These mistakes may include noninsertion, insertions other than those ordeired and errors and omissions within the advertisement.
Notice to cancel any advertisement must be received in writing ten days prior to its next scheduled
appearance, otherwise a charge will be made.
No responsibility will be accepted for repetitive!errors unless the advertiser's correction has been
accepted in respect of th,at error.
No responsibility will be accepted for loss lor damage alleged to arise from errors within
advertisement copy, non-appearance of ail advertisement or delay in forwarding box number replies.

Advertisers are required 'to ensure that the! content of advertisements conforms with all legislation
currently in force affecting such matters. They shall further indemnify the publisher in respect of any
claims, costs and expenses that may arise from anything contained within the advertisement and
published on their behalf by the Institution of Electrical Engineers.
The placing of an order or contract for insertion of an advertisement in any newspaper or journal
published by the Institution of Electrical Engineers whether in writing or by verbal or telephone
instructions will be deemed an acceptance!of each and all the above conditions.
Published by the Institution of E:lectrical Engineers, Lsondoii, ISBN 0 85296 672 5 ISSN 0537-9989.
This publication is copyright under the Berne Convention and the Universal Copyright Convention.
All rights reserved. Apart from any copying under the U.K. Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, Part 1, Section 38,
whereby a single copy of an article may be supplied, under certain conditions, for the purposes of research or private study,
by a library of a class prescribed by The Copyright (Librarians and Archivists) (Copying of Copyright Material) Regulations
1989: SI 1989/1212,no part of ithis publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or
by any means without the prior permission of the copyright owners. Permission is, however, not required to copy abstracts of
papers or articles on condition that a full reference to the source is shown.
Multiple copying of the conteints of the publicatioin witlhout permission is always illegal.

0 1997 The Institution of Electrical Engineers.

Printed in Great Britain by Shorlt Run Press Limited, Exeter, Devon, EX2 7LW

ion of Electrical Engineers is not, as a body, responsible

opinions expressed by individual authors or speakers

JOR ISSUES IN PROTECTION

1

Protection strategies for improving quality of supply

G H Topham
ESKOM, South Africa

Improving the management of protection and

control system assets by using a platform concept
D M Peck, B Nygaard and H Meier
ABB Network Partner Ltd, Switzerland

10

The reliability of protection and control systems

for transmission feeders
J S Pugh, L R Castro Ferreira, P A Crossley and R N Allan
UMISI: UK
J Goody and J Downes
National Grid Company plc, UK
M Burt
Scottish Powel; UK

ISTANCE PROTECTION
14

High speed numerical techniques for transmission

line protection
D A Keeling and S D A Pickering
GEC Alsthom T & D Protection and Control Ltd, UK

18

Problems and solutions for microprocessor

protection of series compensated lines
13 Novosel
ABB - TTI, USA
A Phadke
Virginia Tech, USA
M M Saha and S Lindahl
ABB Network Partner AB, Sweden

24

The application of new analogue and digital

techniques to the design of a distance protection relay
K P Nickerson, P Mudditt, A Bennett and P G Beaumont
Reyrolle Protection, UK

iv

Contents
Page No.
28

Proceedings in distance relaying

M Claus, S L e m e r and G Z,iegler
Siemens AG, Germany

32

A new approach to fast disitance protection with

adaptive features
M M Saha, K Wikstrom and S Lindahl
ABB Network Partner AB, Sweden

ROTATING PLANT
38

Development of a transient stability protection

system far Eskoms Matimba power station
G J Coetz,ee
ESKOM, South Africa
F Wittwer
ABB, Swiifzerland

40

Benefits and experience of an integrated generator

protectioin relay
M OKeeffe and H T Yip
GECAlsthom T & D Protection and Control Ltd, UK

44

Field trials to demonstrate the performance of a

new pole slipping protection
M A Redfern and M J Checksfield
University of Bath, UK
H T Yip
GEC Alsthom T & D Protection & Control Ltd, UK

48

Concepts and realisatioin offault recording system

in a large power station
R Subram,anian,Z M Zaal, A A Salah, T G Natesh and A Marashi
Water and Electricity Department, Abu Dhabi, UAE
C A De Couto and J J Nyffenegger
ABB Induxtrie AG, Switzeirland

53

Accurate measurement of wide-range power system

frequency changes for generator protection
WFrom
ABB Network Partnel; Switzerland
A Halinka and W Winkler
Silesian Technical University 49f Gliwice, Poland

tents
Page No.

DISTRIBUTION PROTECTION
58

An application of rule based system to the

co-ordination of directional overcurrent relays
K Kawahara
Fukuyama University, Japan
H Sasaki
Hiroshima University, Japan
H Sugihara
Chugoku Electric Power Co., Japan

62

Overcurrent protection co-ordination:

A modern approach for modern devices
P J Hindle
GEC Alsthom T & D Protection & Control Ltd, UK
J V H Sanderson
Power Engineering Consultants Ltd, UK

66

Application of genetic algorithm for overcurrent

relay co-ordination
C W So and K K L i
Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
K T Lai and K Y Fung
China Light and Power COLtd, China

70

A new approach for designing of power system

protection
S M Madani and H Rijanto
Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands

DIFFERENTIAL & DIRECTIONAL TRANSMISSION

PROTECTION
14

Improvement of internal charging current

compensation for transmission line differential
protection
M Yamaura, Y Kurosawa and H Ayakawa
Toshiba Corp., Japan

78

Amplitude-independentcomparators for UHS

directional relays
G Benmouyal (P G McLaren (University of Manitoba to present)
Institut de recherche dHydro-Quebec, Canada

vi

Contents
Page No.
83

A novel unit protection schieme based on

superimposed currents
E R Batty, D W P Thomas, and C Christopoulos
The University of Nottingham, UK

87

Developlment and testing of a prototype fault generated

noise protection
J A Dowries and B J Gwyn
The National Grid Compuny plc, UK
A T Johns, R K Aggarwal and Z Q Bo
University of Bath, UK

EMBEC) DED GENE RAT1ON

91

A new loss of grid protection based on

power measurements
M A Redfem
University of Bath, UK
J I Barreti,
SEL, New Zealand
0 Usta,
Istanbul Technical University, Turkey

95

Loss of mains detection for embedded generation

by system impedance monitoring
P OKane and B Fox
The Queens University ojBelfast, UK

99

Design and evaluation of a new type of protection

for wind Farms
S J Haslam, P A Crossley and N Jenkins
UMISZ U K
M Burt and A Borrill
Scottish Powel; UK

103

Detection of embedded generator islanding condition

using elliptical trajector,y technique
S K Salman
The Robert Gordon University, UK

vii

ts
Page No.

TRAINING & MAINTENANCE PLANNING

107

Training and development of protection engineering staff

J Aspinall
National Grid Company, UK
B Judd
Electricity Training Association, UK
P J Moore
University of Bath, UK

111

Power system simulator for the training of protection engineers

R Brown and P Crossley
UMIST, UK
P Gale
Hathaway Instruments, UK
K Cunningham and R Tinson
National Grid Company, UK

I15

A new l l k V protection maintenance procedure

using an expert system software tool
J R Brailsford
E A Technology, UK
G 0 Hensman
Yorkshire Electricity Group, UK

118

A technico-economicallyoriented
maintenance strategy for digital protections
R W P Cremers and S A M Verhoeven
N. I? KEMA, The Netherlands

122

A hands-on learning and training program in

power system protection
M S Sachdev
University of Saskatchewan, Canada

TRANSFORMERS & BUSBARS

126

Conventional and digital busbar protection:

a comparative reliability study

J W Evans and R Parmella
Merz & McLellan, UK
K M Sheahan and J A Downes
National Grid Company plc, UK

...

Vlll

Contents
Page No.

131

Numerical busbar protection, design and service experience

H W Funk and G Ziegler
Siemens f 1G, Gemany

135

Coping with abnormal flux conditions when applying

transformer protection
P J Hindle, N Robinson and A Wixon
GEC Alsthom T & D Profection & Control Ltd, UK

139

A new relaying principlle for power transformer

protectioin using transient comparison technique
Z Q Bo, F. K Aggarwal and A T Johns
University of Bath, UK

143

A multi-criteria fuzzy logic transformer protection

B Kaszteinny and E Rosolowsk
The TechfilicalUniversity of PVroclaw, Poland
M M Saha and B Hillstroin
ABB Network Partnel; Sweden

SIMULATION & TESTING I

147

A fully digital real-time simulator for protective relay testing

R Kuffel, J Giesbrecht, T Maguire, R P Wierckx, P A Forsyth,
and P G McLaren
RTDS Technologies Inc, Canada

151

An operational simulator for testing EHV and MV

protective relays
A MontmtSat
Electricitkde France, France

155

Evaluation and testing of liine protections for

series-compensated transmission lines
R J Marttila
Ontario Hydro Technologies, Canada

159

Test procedures for protection devices

M Igel
AEG ATLAS GmbH, Germany
P Schegner
Technische Universitat Dresden, Gemany

163

New simulation models to dynamically test impedance relays

A Dierks
OMICRON electronics GnibH, Austria
ix

Contents
Page No.

TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS AUTOMATION

167

Enhancements to co-ordinated control and protection

system functionality
C Booth and J R McDonald
University of Strathclyde, UK
W J Laycock and A Bennett
Reyrolle Protection Ltd, UK

172

Network protection and control using standardised

communication
M M Saha, 0 Werner-Erichsen and K Wilhelmsson
ABB Network Partner AB, Sweden

176

The integration of protection, monitoring, control

and communication functions in modern electrical
HV installations
B Lundqvist and H Kronander
ABB Network Partner, Sweden
A Mackrell
ABB Power T & D, UK

180

Unsimultaneous reclosure technique to reduce

torsional torques and enhance system transient stability
Y Yuan and B H Zhang
Xian JiaoTong University, China
Z Q Bo, W B Su, R K Aggarwal and A T Johns
University of Bath, UK

FAULT LOCATION
184

An interactive approach to fault location on

overhead distribution lines with load taps
R K Aggarwal, Y Aslan and A T Johns
University of Bath, UK

188

Determining locations of faults in distribution systems

M S Sachdev, R Das and T S Sidhu
University of Saskatchewan, Canada

Contents
Page No.
192

Practical experience with travelling wave fault

locators on Scottish Powers 275 & 400kV
transmission system
P F Gale
Huthaway Instruments Ltd, UK
J Stokoe
Scottish Powel; UK
P A Crossley
UMISI: UK

197

A novel fault locator based on the detection of

fault generated high frequency transients
Z Q Bo, A T Johns and R K Aggarwal
University of Bath, UK

NETWORK PROTECTION - POWER SWINGS &

VOLTAGE COLLAFSE
20 1

Protectiam for the transmission grid

W R Lachs and D Sutantol
University of New South Wales, Australia

206

A new distance protection scheme which can operate

during fast power wings
A Mechraloui and D W P Thoimas
The University of Nottingham, UK

210

Adaptive out-of-step relay with phasor measurement

V Centeno
MacrodynleInc, USA
A G Phadke
Virginia Echnology, USA
A Edris
EPRI, USA

214

Introducing a new application philosophy for out-of-step protection

J van Eyssen
ESKOM, South Africa

218

New power swing blocking method

J Machowski
Warsaw Uilziversityof Technology, Poland
D Nelles
University of Kuiserslautem, Germany

xi

nts
Page No.

NEW CONCEPTS
222

Applying distance relays to protect six-phase AC

transmission lines
M A Redfern
University of Bath, UK

227

A new directional relay based on the measurement

of fault generated current transients
Z Q Bo, A T Johns and R K Aggarwal
University of Bath, UK

23 1

A new technique using wavelet analysis

for fault location
X Yibin, D T W Chan and W W L Keerthipala
Nanyang Technological Universily, Singapore

235

Improved estimates from the differential equation

algorithm by median post-filtering
M Akke
Sydkraft AB, Sweden
J S Thorp
Cornel1 University, USA

239

A positive sequence directional element for numerical

distance relays
P G McLaren, E Dirks, R P Jayasinghe and I Fernando
University of Manitoba, Canada
G W Swift and Z Zhang
Alpha Power Technologies, Canada

DISTRIBUTION AUTOMATION
243

High speed peer-to-peer communication system for

integrated protection and control in distribution
networks
0 J Vahamaki
ABB Transmit Oy, Finland
A J Allen and J T Gaff
ABB Power T & D Ltd, UK

247

The practical implementation of an l l k V rural distribution

automation pilot scheme
M L Hammond, A J Bower and T Wade
Yorkshire Electricity Group plc, UK

xii

Contents
Page No.

25 1

Benefits of distribution automation and

performance results from a network trial
B Watson
Reyrolle Protection, UK
C F Higgins
R-R Industrial Controls, .CJK

256

Integration and other developments in distribution

protection: an ESKOM pers;pective
P Verster
Reyrolle, UK

262

Operational experience of load shedding and new

requirements on frequency relays
S Lindahl and G Stranne
ABB Network Partner AB, Swleden
G Runvik
Sydkraft AB, Sweden

TRANSlVllSSlON SYSTEM MEASUREMENTS

266

Voltage and current phaisor estimation during

abnormal conditions for transmission line
protec tioni schemes
D W P Thomas and M S Vvoolfson
The Unive,wiV of Nottingham, UK

270

The measurement of fast transient electromagnetic

interference within power system substations
C S Barrack and W H Siew
University of Strathclyde, IUK
B M Pryor
Scottish Power plc, UK

274

Applicatilonof fibre optical current transducer to protection

H Y Li ancl P A Crossley
UMIST, UK
R K Aggarwal
University of Bath, UK

...

Xlll

Page No.

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE I
278

Genetic algorithm based neural networks applied

to fault classification for EHV transmission lines
with a UPFC
Y H Song
Brunel University, UK
AT Johns, Q Y Xuan and J Y Liu
University of Bath, UK

282

An artificial neural network for directional

comparison relaying of transmission lines
T S Sidhu, H Singh and M S Sachdev
University of Saskatchewan, Canada

286

Distance protection using an artificial neural network

W Qi
Unisys Corporation, Canada
G Swift and P McLaren
University of Manitoba, Canada
A Castro
Manitoba Hydro, Canada

29 1

Non-communication protection of transmission line

based on genetic evolved neural network
Z Q Bo, R K Aggarwal and A T Johns and P J Moore
University of Bath, UK
H Y Li
UMIST, UK

295

Intelligent phase comparison carrier protection

P Ye and D S Chen
Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
K K Li and A K David
The Hong Kong Polytechnic University) Hong Kong

COMMUNICATIONS
299

Protection implications from a communications

system upgrade
D J Kerr
Snowy Mountains Hydro-Electric Authority) Australia

304

A generic communications language - four years of experience

R Ball and K Hill
GECAlsthom T & D Protection & Control Ltd, UK

xiv

Contents
Page No.
309

Network. interface modules;for microprocessor

relays integration into a sublstation automation
system
A Apostolov and P Gregory
Tasnet Inc, USA

313

Experience on the serial interfacing of protection

relays to telecontrol systems;
B Shephard
Westinghouse Systems/Sclzneider Ltd, UK
J C Tobias
Merlin Gerin/Schneider Lrtd,UK
A Cochet-Muchy
Merlin GeridSchneider Electric SA, France

TRACTION SYSTEIMS
319

Study on microprocessor-biased adaptive protective

relay for the heavy duty electric traction system
Gao Shibin, He Weijun and Chen Xiaochuan
Southwest Jiaotong University, China

323

Principle! and application of a new type

microprocessor-based fault llocator for AT feeding
traction system
Gao Shibiin and He Weijun
Southwest Jiaotong University, China

327

Development in protectiion for 25kV

AC electriified lines on Biritisih Railways
D J McQuillan
W S Atkins Power Track, 2JK

33 1

Adaptive digital relay far comprehensive

distance protection of traction overhead equipment
R P Maheshwari
A M U Aligarh (U.P), India
H K Vermia
University of Roorkee, India

338

Application benefits of modern microprocessor

distance protection for A. C. electrified railways
S H Richards
GECAlsthom T & D Protection & Control Ltd, UK

tents
Page No.

GPS
342

GPS synchronised current differential protection

E P Southern, H Y Li and P A Crossley
UMIST UK
S Potts and G C Weller
GEC Alsthom T & D Protection & Control, UK

346

GPS satellite synchronised test systems recreate

fault conditions to troubleshoot protective relay
schemes
M Lillian
El Paso Electric Company, USA
S I Thompson
AVO International, USA

35 1

International timekeeping for power system users

R E Wilson
Consultant, USA
J A Kusters
Hew lett-Pucka rd Company, USA

355

GPS synchronised end-to-end tests of transmission

line teleprotection schemes in the ESKOM network
A Dierks
OMICRON Electronics GmbH, Austria
I Worthington and P Olivier
ESKOM, South Africa

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE II
36 1

An expert system to evaluate the operating

response of the distance relays during a fault
H Sherwali and P Crossley
UMISI: UK

365

Current related relaying algorithms immune to

saturation of current transformers
B Kasztenny, E Rosolowski, M Lukowicz and J Izykowski
Technical University of Wroclaw, Poland

369

Automated design of substation switching systems

M S Sachdev, P Dhaka1 and T S Sidhu
University of Saskatchewan, Canada

xvi

373

An agent approach to designing protection systems

S M Wong and A Kalam
Victoria U)nivers ity of Technoliogy,A ustra1ia

,377

Qn-site experience of an adaptive autoreclose

relay for 1%V overhead lines
Reyrolle Protection, UK
J Ramsden
ESKOM, South Africa

Y LATI
38 1

amic modelling of rote ction system performance

A Dysko, .IR McDonald and (3 M Burt
The Univeiwly of Strathclyde
J Goody arid B Gwyn
The Natiorilal Grid Company plc, UK

386

An accuriate software model of a digital relay for

use in off-line studies
P G McLaren, E N Dirks, 13 P Jayasinghe and I Fernando
University of Manitoba, Cmada
G W Swift and Z Zhang
Alpha Power Technologies, Canada

390

A digital (current transformer model for relay studies

L Song, K K Li and A K David
Hong Kong Polytechnic University, tfong Kong

394

An advanced simulation and testing environment

for design, application and performance assessment
of protection equipment
M Kezunovik
TexasA & M University, USA

398

The use OF digital fault recorder records and

other transient waveform: records in tests on
protection relays
R Ryan
Doble Engineering Co., USA

xvii

Contents
Page No.

PROTECTION, PERFORMANCE & MANAGEMENT

402

The uses of protection performance data within a

transmission system
J A Downes, K M Sheahan, A C Dicker and R W Silversides
The National Grid Company plc, UK

406

A model based technique for the comprehensive

validation of power system protection operation
S C Bell, S D J McArthur, J R McDonald and G M Burt
University of Strathclyde, UK
R Mather and S M Burt
Scottish Power; UK

410

Automatic event analysis for power systems: A practical approach

D Wiot and J.-C Maun
Free University of Brussels, (ULB), Belgium
L Philippot
Siemens AG, Germany

414

Automatic evaluation of transmission protection

using information from digital fault recorders
J H L Goody and A M Carter
The National Grid Company plc, UK
J Hawker
Cybertronix Ltd, UK
L P Cavero
Power Systems Management Corporation, USA

xviii