CHAPTER 10- Chemical bondings II:

Molecular Geometry and Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals

DR. PAHLAVAN

1. Using VSEPR model, predict the molecular geometry (molecular shape) and electron
geometry of the followings:
O3
CO32ICl2NF3
SnCl32. Predict the approximate value for the bond angles for each carbon indicated in the
following compounds:
H
H
(a) H - C - C C -H
(b) H - C - O -H
H
H
3. Predict whether the following molecules are polar or nonpolar;
H
Cl
Cl
Cl
SO2
NF3
C=C
C=C
Cl
H
H
H

CS2

4. Indicate the hybridization of orbitals by the central atom in each of the following;
SO32-

SO3

NH4+

SCl2

5. Consider the following molecules , answer the following questions for only marked
(*)carbons.

(a) O = C

Cl

H H
(b) H - C* - C* = C - C* N
H
H

Cl
I)

predict the bond angles

II) give hybridizations

III) determine the total number of sigma () and pi () electrons in the molecules.
VI) predict the molecular geometry ( molecular shape) and electron geometry around
each marked carbon.
6. Draw Lewis dot structures for following molecules and ions, predict which will exhibits
delocalized pi () bonding ( resonance structure).
SO32-

NH4+

NO2

NCS1

OCN-

I3-

7. Consider the following molecules and ions:

He2-

C22-

O22+

CN-

N2-

a) write molecular orbital electron configuration

b) predict the bond order
c) predict the stability (stable or unstable)
8. Consider CH3 , CH3+ , and CH3-, for each:
a) draw Lewis dot structure
b) predict electron geometry and molecular geometry
c) using hybrid orbitals , describe the bonding ( orbital hybridization)
d) predict the bond angles
e) predict the polarity ( polar or non-polar)
9. Consider H2 , H2+ , H2- ; for each,
a) draw energy-level diagram.
b) determine total number of electrons.
c) write Lewis dot structure.
d) calculate the bond order.
e) determine the magnetic properties(in terms of paramagnetic or diamagnetic).
f) Compare the stability and arrange the in order of increasing stability.
10. Identify the following molecules or ions as stable or unstable. Explain why? Compare the
stability.
He2
He2+
O2
O2O222

CHAPTER 10- Chemical bondings II: (Answers)

Molecular Geometry and Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals

DR. PAHLAVAN

1. Using VSEPR model, predict the molecular geometry (molecular shape) and electron geometry
of the followings:
O3
=>MG = bent; EG = trigonal planar
CO32- => MG = trigonal planar;
EG same
ICl2 => MG = linear;
EG = trigonal bipyramidal
NF3 => MG = trigonal pyramidal;
EG = tetrahedral
SnCl3 => MG = trigonal pyramidal;
EG = tetrahedral
2. Predict the approximate value for the bond angles for each carbon indicated in the
following compounds:
H
H
(a) H - C - C C -H
(b) H - C - O -H
H
H
109.5, 180, 180
109.5
3. Predict whether the following molecules are polar or nonpolar;
H
Cl
Cl
Cl
SO2 P NF3 P CS2 NP
C=C
C=C
Cl
H
H
H
NP
P
4. Indicate the hybridization of orbitals by the central atom in each of the following;
SO32- sp3

SO3 sp2

NH4+ sp3

SCl2 sp3

5. Consider the following molecules , answer the following questions for only marked
(*)carbons.
Cl
H H
*
(a) O = C
(b) H - C* - C* = C - C* N
Cl
H
H
I) predict the bond angles
II) give hybridizations
120, 109.5, 120, 120, 180
sp2, sp3, sp2, sp2, sp
III) determine the total number of sigma () and pi () electrons in the molecules.
(a) 6 , 2
(b) 18 , 6
VI) predict the molecular geometry ( molecular shape) and electron geometry around each
marked carbon.
(a) MG = trigonal planar, EG = same
(b) Carbons 1,2,3,4 respectively:
MG = tetrahedral, trigonal planar, trigonal planar, linear. EG = same
3

6. Draw Lewis dot structures for following molecules and ions, predict which will exhibits
delocalized pi () bonding ( resonance structure).
SO32- No

NH4+

No

NO2

Yes

NCS-

Yes

OCN- Yes

I3- No

7. Consider the following molecules and ions:

a) write molecular orbital electron configuration
b) predict the bond order
c) predict the stability (stable or unstable)
He2- Does not apply
C22- 21s*21s22s*22s22px22py22pz , B.O = 3, stable
O22+ 21s*21s22s*22s22pz22px22py , B.O =3, stable
CN- 21s*21s22s*22s22px22py22pz , B.O. =3, stable
N2- 21s*21s22s*22s22px22py22pz*12px , B.O. = 2.5, stable
8. Consider CH3 , CH3+ , and CH3-, for each:
a) draw Lewis dot structure
b) predict electron geometry and molecular geometry
c) using hybrid orbitals , describe the bonding ( orbital hybridization)
d) predict the bond angles
e) predict the polarity ( polar or non-polar)
9. Consider for each
H2
H2+
H2a) draw energy-level diagram.
b) determine total number of electrons.
c) write Lewis dot structure.
d) calculate the bond order.
e) determine the magnetic properties(in terms of paramagnetic or diamagnetic).
f) Compare the stability and arrange the in order of increasing stability.

10. Identify the following molecules or ions as stable or unstable. Explain why? Compare the
stability.
He2 unstable, bond order is zero.
He2+ stable, bond order is 0.5
O2 stable, bond order is 2
O2- stable, bond order is 1.5
O22- stable, bond order is 1
Order of increasing stability:
He2 < He2+ < O22- < O2- < O2
4