Mayorquin 1

Gabriel Mayorquin
Writing 39C
Olga Moskvina
November 21, 2014
Stop Cloning in The U.S.
The connection between humans and animals is greater than many of us think.
Liverpool John Moores University research states that animals share many of the
emotions as humans experience daily. Scientists have disregarded this fact and have
begun performing animal cloning experiments since the 1850s. After many fail attempts
and countless number of tortured animals, the first successful clone was birthed, Dolly.
Even though Dolly was the first successful clone to be developed she still suffered the
abnormalities that come with being born a clone. Dolly Died in 2003 after suffering from
lung disease and severe arthritis. Although there have been other successful clones the
number of successes does not outweigh the number of failures. Animal cloning should
not be allowed, the animals that are cloned are developed but the clones appear to create
serious abnormalities in majority of the embryos. The abnormalities are rare syndromes,
undeveloped limbs, painful mutations and agonizing deaths. Even though researchers
managed to develop a successful clone after years of trial and error there was still great
amount of uncertainty of this new technology. After many attempts, In various
laboratories, only 0% to 4% of adult or fetal somatic cell constructs have developed to
become live fetuses; in addition, there is a high rate of fetal, perinatal and neonatal
loss.(Hare) In order to prevent the continuous inhumane actions, the United States of
America needs to execute a policy banning all types of cloning. This policy will prevent

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everyone from practicing cloning. Through this policy, the United States will ensure the
proper treatment of animals and other problems associated with human welfare.
Although there have been plenty of years of research, there is still a very
high failure rate. More than 95 percent of the animals that are cloned are fails. According
to the FDAs assessment of animal cloning risks, abnormal fetal development is
common in clones, which translates into abnormal pregnancies with a host of
complications that threatens the lives of the unborn clones and their surrogate
mothers.(Food and Drug
Administration) The surrogate
mothers encounter a horrible
pregnancy and often have a
pregnancy lost in the second or
third trimester. (The image to the
left is a baby geep made by
combining a goat and a sheep
embryo. It is clearly visible that the geep isnt at a normal state and not healthy.) The
mothers encounter so much pain and after all the suffering they end up losing their baby.
The animals are suffering for no reason since the clone is not even a success. However
some may argue that there are successful births, the births that actually grow up and end
up, as a successful clone is not a promising number. The cloned newborns that do survive
often suffer from respiratory diseases, very weak immune systems, developmental
problems, deformities, serious problems with their internal organs and other life

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threatening diseases. It is not fair for these animals to encounter such pain and torture for
a very few success rate.
After the cloning of Dolly in 1997, scientist began to seek more information and
the possibility of human cloning was present. Human cloning is an immoral process that
involves no human dignity. Safety concerns is a huge factor when dealing with human
cloning. Out of the 276 failed attempts, there was one successful clone that was Dolly.
(This graph represents the survival rates of Sheep, Cattle, and Mouse Embryos Cloned
from Adult, Fetal and Embryonic Cells.)

No one has an idea as to why she

was successful and all the others
were fails. This type of risk
cannot be taken on human lives.
Cloning in humans would also
lead to the increase of efforts at
eugenics. Eugenics is the practice
of making human beings better by
modifying their genes. Ultimately
eugenics is a horrible idea, it only
allows humans to physically improve not improve as a person. Nevertheless, animal
cloning is also a form of animal eugenics since the alteration of the genes leads to
improvement of the characteristics they have. Not only will human cloning have no

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benefits or contributions to bettering society but also it is crossing ethical boundaries. The
grant of animal cloning leads to the approval of human cloning and it must be stopped.

Currently there is no
policy that prohibits cloning.
This is due to the support that
the U.S government has
given to the companies that
rely on animal cloning. (This
figure represents the evidence
that cloning is not beneficial
and only raises new problems
in regards to animal welfare.
It also proves that animal cloning is not a humane way to produce animals.) The first step
that the U.S. government took to regulate cloning was in the food supply. In 2001 when it
became a reality that animal clones were going to be introduced into the food supply the
government assembled the risk assessment which forced the FDA to evaluate the safety
of the consumption on cloned meat and dairy. After the evaluation, The FDA concluded
that meat and milk from cow pig and goat clones and the offspring of any animal clones
are as safe as food we eat everyday.(U.S. FDA). Other than The Risk assessment The
United States has done very little in regards to cloning regulation. This is because the
United States has found that by using cloned animals in the market they will better the

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quality of their food and overall help the food market and its economy. Even though the
U.S did no effort to address the problem of animal cruelty that goes on while cloning.
Although there is no current law in the United States that protects from Cloning
the European Union has suggested two proposals. The European Union novel Foods
regulation is the only EU legislation that has intended to regulate animal cloning in the
food supply. The first proposal on animal cloning would ban animal cloning for all
farming purposes. The EU proposes this ban placed for five years while the FDA
conducts another risk assessment. The second proposal is the regulation of the EU
internal market, banning the marketing of food from cloned animals. This proposal has
many advantages that correlate with the problem of animal cruelty from cloning. The first
proposal bans animal cloning in farms, it would eliminate the deaths and the suffering of
animals that are involve in the process such as the animals that have to carry the embryo
and die from miscarriages or failed C-sections. It would also save animals from being
born with rare mutations and syndromes. The second proposals main advantages is that
by eliminating cloned meet from the market is will significantly decrease it popularity.
By decreasing the popularity of the cloned animal meat it will also result in the decrease
animal farms that rely on cloning.
The proposals that were that the E.U stated in December 18, 2003 still fall short
from the real problems. Cloning needs to be completely banned in the United States
simply because cloning has too many flaws and not enough benefits. The United States
need to establish a law that Bans all cloning in commercial and private fields. By
eliminating animal cloning in the United States it would result in the elimination of
animal cruelty nationwide. The United States did not have an issue in the value of

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nutrition in the diary and meat products prior to animal cloning. Animal cloning is only
allowed because it will better the nutrition of these products but it comes at a heavy price.
This policy will eliminate private cloning that goes on whenever a pet owner wants to
clone their diseased pet. There is too much sacrifice of innocent animals that goes in to
the development of one successful clone for a private investor. These investors do not
care if one hundred animals are sacrificed in the process of resurrection their old pet they
are just concerned for that one successful clone. By banning cloning the American
community will also no longer worry of the health risk that comes from cloned meat.
According to The Risk assessment the meat that comes from cloned animals does not
affect the consumer, but it is proven that, If the animal is stressed before and during
slaughter, the glycogen is used up, and the lactic acid level that develops in the meat after
slaughter is reduced. This will have serious adverse effects on meat quality. ( FAO) this
means that if the animal that are born with the syndromes or abnormalities such as
arthritis which causes the animal to become stress increasing the chances of the consumer
eating meat that can cause harm to their health. Another positive aspect that will result
from banning cloning is the fact that issue of human cloning will never surface in the
future. If science were to continue cloning animals they will eventually feel the need to
clone humans for the purposes of eugenics.
Despite the fact that there has been many failed attempts at animal cloning some
still support it. Even though the arguments related to animal cloning are mainly dealing
with farms and livestock, people clone for their own favor. Some people favor animal
cloning because they have the opportunity to clone their pets before their truly loved dog
dies. However even companies who support rich pet lovers argue that conducting this

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practice doesnt always please the customer. The pet owners expect to have their pet back
but this is impossible. The pet may look exactly the same but will be born with a different
personality, characteristics and will not have the same bond with their owner. A similar
argument to this one mentions supporting the clone to help the blind. Some dog trainers
argue that they would rather clone the dogs that are trained to help the blind because of
the long and strong relationship they have with one another. The human argues that they
have to cope with the loss of their guide dog and have to go through the process of
retraining another dog. This is not a valid argument because facilities that train dogs
begin training as their puppies so it would be pointless to clone dog since they would
have to undergo the same process. As I mentioned before the human will have to
establish a new relationship with their guide dog anyways. With the costs of cloning it is
ridiculous to believe that people would rather clone their old guide dog than receive a
new one for free. Also, many dogs that have the capabilities of being guide dogs will lose
their opportunity of helping humanity of guide dogs get cloned repeatedly. Animal
cloning is also not healthy or beneficial to the human when trying to bring back their
beloved pet. Humans have to be able to cope with death and have to face the fact that
death is natural and happens daily. It is known that people try to avoid death as much as
possible but reality is that death is natural and normal. If they get the opportunity to
bring their pet back by cloning them they are not allowing themselves to deal with
death. Dealing with death is extremely important because it is part of life.
As a result of natural disasters and effects that humans have on the environment
hundreds of species die each year. Instead of approaching the problem and really digging
deep and formulating a solution to this catastrophe CSG suggests that cloning is the

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answer. The Genetic Savings and Clone Company believe that not only could cloning
prevent the endangered species from becoming extinct but also create genetic diversity.
This argument is invalid because it is proven that cloning is only creating the identical
genetics and is resulting in animals becoming more similar and alike to one another.
Technology has significantly improved over the centuries but it is not yet capable of
altering with nature. Nature has its way of taking its own course and this should not be
something that humans should try to alter.
The media has slowly but considerably had a huge influence on society and what
society thinks is an ideal person. Some say that cloning will help them improve
themselves physically and help them with their confidence. For example, if someone lost
a body part during a tragedy and wants to replace it they can. However, this will lead to
desiring other cloned parts based on the influence of the media. Eugenics will have a
great toll on society and diversity will decrease significantly. If cloning is allowed,
people will begin to look similar and will all strive to be and look the way the media
implies is perfect. Everyone in the world is different and this is what contributes and
makes the communities what they are today. Instead of desiring that body part they lost,
the best solution is to grow from it and allow them to grow as an individual.
There has been many animals that have died for this inhuman research. Two
decades ago before there was cloning the nutrition value of food was not an issue. We as
human can bear to live without cloning it is very much a luxury rather than a necessity.
Nothing extraordinary has resulted from cloning. Cloning has only exposed the selfish
reality of humans.

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Works Cited

Cells, Cloning Stem. "Food Consumption Risks Associated with Animal Clones: What
Should Be Investigated?" Australian Veterinary Journal 82.11 (2004): 706. Web.

"Center for Food Safety | Issues | Animal Cloning | Animal Welfare." Center for Food
Safety. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Nov. 2014.

Chambers, Philip G., Temple Grandin, Gunter Heinz, and Thinnarat Srisuvan. Guidelines
for Humane Handling, Transport and Slaughter of Livestock. Bangkok, Thailand:
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2001. Print.

CNN. Cable News Network, n.d. Web. 21 Nov. 2014.

"European Commission - PRESS RELEASES - Press Release - Food: Commission

Tables Proposals on Animal Cloning and Novel Food." European Commission PRESS RELEASES - Press Release - Food: Commission Tables Proposals on
Animal Cloning and Novel Food. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Nov. 2014.

"Mosaicism and Chimerism." Mosaicism and Chimerism. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Nov. 2014.
Scientific and Medical Aspects of Human Reproductive Cloning. Washington, D.C.:
National Academy, 2002. Print.

"U.S. Food and Drug Administration." Risk Management Plan. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Nov.
2014.

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"United States Mission to the European Union." United States Mission to the European
Union. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Nov. 2014.
Vajta, Gbor, and Mickey Gjerris. "Science and Technology of Farm Animal Cloning:
State of the Art." Animal Reproduction Science 92.3-4 (2006): 211-30. Web.