Design Of Reinforced Concrete Structures II

Columns
Before discussion of sway and non-sway columns we have to know some important
concepts.
What is the difference between Building frame system and Moment-resisting frame
system?
Building frame system: A structural system with an essentially complete space frame
providing support for gravity loads. Beams and columns are connected and the system is
incapable of resisting any lateral loads. Resistance to lateral load is provided by shear
walls or braced frames.
Moment-resisting frame system: A structural system with an essentially complete
space frame providing support for gravity loads. Moment-resisting frames provide
resistance to lateral load primarily by flexural action of members.)UBC1629.6)

FRAME

Beam

Column

Flexural

Compression

Shear

Eccentrricity

Slenderness

Joint

shear

Design Of Reinforced Concrete Structures II

Columns

Types of Columns

COLUMNS

By reinforcing
method

By lateral
displacement
ability

By slenderness

Tied

Sway

Long

Spiral

Non-sway

Short

Composite

Design Of Reinforced Concrete Structures II

Columns

Check for sway or non sway for the story

If Q

P
u

Vu l c

0.05 Non-Sway

Where
Stability index

Total Vertical Load in the story

First order relative deflection between the top and the bottom of the story.

Vu

Story Shear

Lc

Center to center length

Slenderness Check for each column

A. Find the k factor.

B. Check

Find k
Calculate for each joint in the columns

Ec I c
l
c

E I
lb b
b
Where

lc

Length of column center-to-center of the joints

lb

Length of beam center-to-center of the joints

Ec

Modulus of elasticity of column concrete

Eb

Modulus of elasticity of beam concrete

Ic

Moment of inertia of column cross section about an axis perpendicular to the

Plane of buckling being considered.
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Design Of Reinforced Concrete Structures II

Columns
Ib

Moment of inertia of beam cross section about an axis perpendicular to the

plane of buckling being considered.

Note :

Design Of Reinforced Concrete Structures II

Columns

Check
k

Effective length factor

lu

Unsupported length of member

Radius of gyration associated with axis about which bending occurs

For Rectangular r = 0.30 h, and for Circular r = 0.25 h
h = column dimension in the direction of bending.

For Non - sway Frames

M1

Smaller factored end moment on column

M2

Larger factored end moment on column

Positive when single curvature
Negative when double curvature

For Sway Frames

Design Of Reinforced Concrete Structures II

Columns
Example (1)
For the frame shown in the figure, check whether column AB is adequate for resisting
the following service loads applied on member BC :
Dead Load including own weight = 6 t/m.
Live Load = 2.5 t/m , and a concentrated Earthquake load at joint C = 4 ton acting to
the left .
Note : Consider D + L + E combination only.
Related Data :
Frame members are 40 X 100 cm in cross section, and story drift for this case of loading
considered is equal to 5.0 cm.

For D+L+E Combination: U = 1.2 DL +LL + E from code.

1) Check If Sway or Non-Sway :
Q=

Wu=1.2 6+2.5=9.7 t/m

Pu = Wu L = 9.7

15 =145.5 ton.
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Design Of Reinforced Concrete Structures II

Columns
o

= 5.0 cm = 0.05 m.

= 1 4=4 ton.

Lc = 6 m.
Q=

=0.303 > 0.05Sway

2) Check If Long or Short :

. Short, or >22 and 100 long and the Moment magnification method can
be used, or > 100 , so the P- analysis should be used.

Calc. of K :.

. A = pin supportB =

5.

From alignment chart for Sway Column. K = 3.375.

.
=

= 61.875 > 22, and 100 Long column and Moment

Magnification Method can be used.

Design Of Reinforced Concrete Structures II

Columns
3) Calculations and Design : Column is Long And Sway
o Mmax = Mu = Mns + s Ms .
Mns = 0.0 Pin supported column.
Ms = 1 4 6=24 t.m
o s =
= 145.5 ton calculated before.
o

Euler Critical Buckling Load

EI =

3.37

1011 note

= 0.0 because

sustained shear is 0.0.

10-3 = 964.31 ton

=
=2

= 2

s =

964.31 = 1928.62 ton. Due to symmetry.

= 1.13 > 1.0 .. OK. . it is better to be larger but close to 1

Mmax = Mu = 0.0 + 1.13

For

24 = 26.7 t.m .

on the column, take M about point B >>>> Pu on the column AB = 74.35 ton.

After calculating

& Mu , we can use interaction diagrams for design.

For Design : VI note : units of loads to be used for interaction diag. is Kg , cm

** From Interaction Diagram with: = 0.9 ,

req is less than min= 0.01 .. so use min = 0.01.

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Design Of Reinforced Concrete Structures II

Columns
Ast. req. =

Ag = 0.01 100 40 = 40 cm2.

Ast. ava. = 1025 = 49.1 cm2 > Ast.)req = 40 cm2 . OK

For Stirrups Check : bar = 25 mm , stirrup = 10 mm.
Smax = smaller of :

16 bar = 16 2.5 = 40 cm.

48 stirrup = 48 1 = 48 cm.
Smaller dimension of cross section = 40 cm.

Sava. = 20 cm which is smaller than the smallest spacing required above OK.

Column AB is adequate for resisting the loads applied on member BC